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U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Bureau of Labor Statistics Publications HOME BLS Reports ARCHIVE ABOUT BLS REPORTS March 2023 SUBSCRIBE Report 1102 Highlights of women's earnings in 2021 In 2021, women who were full-time wage and salary workers had median usual weekly earnings that were 83 percent of those of male full-time wage and salary workers. In 1979, the first year for which comparable earnings data are available, women’s earnings were 62 percent of men’s earnings. Most of the growth in women’s earnings relative to men’s occurred in the 1980s (when the women’s-to-men’s ratio went from 64 percent to 70 percent) and in the 1990s (when the ratio went from 72 percent to 77 percent). Since 2004, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio has remained in the 80 to 83 percent range. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.) This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The weekly and hourly earnings estimates in this report reflect information collected from one-fourth of the households in the monthly survey and averaged for the calendar year. The data in this report are distinct from the annual earnings estimates for full-time, year-round workers collected separately in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS and published by the U.S. Census Bureau. (See the Current Population Survey’s frequently asked questions page for an explanation of the differences in these datasets.) Chart 1. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2021 annual averages Percentage 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 Hover over chart to view data. Note: Percentages are calculated from annual averages of median usual weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. View Chart Data The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can be important in explaining earnings differences, such as job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. The earnings estimates referenced throughout this report are medians. The median is the mid-point in the earnings distribution, with half of workers having earnings above the median level and half having earnings below. See the accompanying technical notes section for more information, including a description of the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and definitions used in this report. Earnings of full-time workers This report highlights data for women and men who usually work full time (35 hours or more per week) in wage and salary jobs, with sections focusing on characteristics such as age, race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, education, occupation, and more. Earnings by age group In 2021, median weekly earnings were $912 for all women age 16 and older. For men age 16 and older, median weekly earnings were $1,097. Women’s median weekly earnings were highest for those ages 45 to 54, with earnings of $1,012. Women ages 35 to 44 and ages 55 to 64 had earnings that were slightly lower—$992 and $976, respectively. For men, earnings were also highest for those ages 45 to 54, with earnings of $1,295. Men ages 35 to 44 and ages 55 to 64 had earnings that were slightly lower, at $1,241 and $1,256, respectively. Young women and men ages 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings ($605 and $650, respectively). (See chart 2 and table 1.) Chart 2. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 2021 annual averages 16 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 and older Earnings (in current dollars) $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 Women Men Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. View Chart Data Among workers age 35 and older, women earned between 77 percent and 80 percent of what their male counterparts earned in 2021. Women ages 25 to 34 earned 91 percent of what men did, while women ages 16 to 24 earned 93 percent of what men earned. The earnings difference between men and women has historically been smaller for those under age 35 than for those in older age groups. (See tables 1 and 12.) Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios have grown substantially for most age groups since 1979. For young workers ages 16 to 24, the gains occurred primarily in the 1980s. For workers ages 25 to 64, the gains continued into the 2000s, but have tapered off in recent years. (See table 12.) Earnings by race and ethnicity Asian women and men earned more than their White, Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2021. Among women, Whites ($925) earned 81 percent as much as Asians ($1,141), Blacks ($776) earned 68 percent, and Hispanics ($718) earned 63 percent. Among men, these earnings differences were even larger: White men ($1,125) earned 77 percent as much as Asian men ($1,453), Black men ($825) earned 57 percent as much, and Hispanic men ($820) earned 56 percent. (See chart 3 and table 1.) Chart 3. Median usual weekly earnings of women and men who are full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2021 annual averages Women Men Earnings (in current dollars) $1,600 $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 Total White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or La�no ethnicity Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Note: People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. View Chart Data Earnings differences between women and men were largest among Asians and among Whites. Asian women earned 79 percent as much as Asian men and White women earned 82 percent as much as White men. In comparison, Black women had median earnings that were 94 percent of Black men’s, and Hispanic women’s earnings were 88 percent of Hispanic men’s. (See table 1.) Women’s earnings have increased considerably since 1979 (the first year for which comparable data for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics are available), with White women experiencing the greatest earnings growth. From 1979 to 2021, inflation-adjusted median weekly earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings) increased by 44 percent for White women, and by 31 percent for both Black and Hispanic women. Yet, within this overall increase, White and Black women’s gains tapered off around 2004. Since that time, White women experienced an earnings growth of 10 percent, and Black women experienced an increase of 7 percent. In contrast, although substantial earnings growth for Hispanic women did not begin until the late 1990s, while their gains did taper off in 2004, their gains rebounded more quickly than those of White or Black women and generally remained on an upward trend. After sharp increases in 2020, earnings of White, Black, and Hispanic women declined from 2020 to 2021. These declines must be interpreted with caution as employment continued to recover in 2021—especially among lower-paid workers. Despite the earnings decline in 2021, earnings for White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic women were still higher in 2020 and 2021 than their pre-pandemic (2019) levels. (See table 18.) The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite different than that for women. Inflation-adjusted earnings for White and Black men trended down from 1979 through the first part of the 1990s, followed by a period of growth that stalled in the early 2000s. For Hispanic men, earnings also declined from 1979 through the mid-1990s, then began to trend upwards. Over the full period, 1979 through 2021, inflation-adjusted earnings have seen a net increase for White (8 percent), Black (4 percent), and Hispanic (7 percent) men. (See table 18.) Between 2000 and 2021, inflation-adjusted earnings for Asian women and men remained on an upward trend. (Data for Asians are not available prior to 2000.) Asian women’s earnings grew by 32 percent and Asian men’s earnings grew by 35 percent over that period. (See table 18.) Earnings by educational attainment Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational attainment. Among all workers age 25 and older, the weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma ($626) were 43 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree and higher ($1,452) in 2021. For workers with a high school diploma who had not attended college, median earnings ($809) were 56 percent of those for workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher. Those with some college or an associate’s degree ($925) made 64 percent of what workers with a bachelor’s degree and higher made. (See table 1.) In each educational attainment category, the long-term trend in inflation-adjusted earnings has been more favorable for women than for men. The inflation-adjusted earnings of women without a high school diploma increased by 4 percent between 1979 and 2021. By contrast, inflation-adjusted earnings for men declined by 22 percent. For those with a bachelor’s degree or higher, inflation-adjusted earnings for women have increased by 38 percent since 1979, while earnings for men have risen by 20 percent. (Data refer to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 4 and table 19.) Chart 4. Percentage change in inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings of women and men, by educational attainment, 1979–2021 Women Men Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate's degree Bachelor's degree and higher -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 Percentage change Hover over chart to view data. Note: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, age 25 and older. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. View Chart Data Earnings by occupation Women and men working full time in management, business, and financial operations occupations had higher median weekly earnings than workers in any other major occupational category in 2021 ($1,306 for women and $1,672 for men). Within this category, women who were computer and information systems managers ($1,908) and chief executives ($1,904) had the highest median weekly earnings in 2021. Among men, those who were architectural and engineering managers ($2,723) and chief executives ($2,721) earned the most. (See table 2.) The second-highest paying occupational category for women and men was professional and related occupations ($1,167 for women and $1,555 for men). This is a broad occupational category made up of several distinct job groupings for specialized fields such as computer science and math, architecture and engineering, law, education, and healthcare. Within this diverse category, women who were other physicians ($2,283), pharmacists ($2,087), and lawyers ($1,912) had the highest median weekly earnings in 2021. For men, those who were other physicians ($2,647), lawyers ($2,495), and medical scientists ($2,291) earned the most. (See table 2.) Women and men employed in service occupations earned the least in 2021 ($598 for women and $723 for men). Within this category, women who were employed as dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers ($477) and host and hostesses, restaurant lounge, and coffee shop ($500) had the lowest median weekly earnings. For men, those who were employed as fast food and counter workers ($511), dishwashers ($511), and food preparation workers ($571) earned the least. Occupational distributions of women and men The occupational distributions of female and male full-time workers differ considerably. Compared with men, relatively few women work in natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations and women are far more concentrated in office and administrative support jobs. (See chart 5 and table 2.) Chart 5. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment for women and men, by major occupational group, 2021 annual averages Women Percent of total employment Men 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Management, business, and financial opera�ons occupa�ons Professional and related occupa�ons Service occupa�ons Natural Produc�on, Sales and related Office and occupa�ons administra�ve resources, transporta�on, support construc�on, and and material moving occupa�ons maintenance occupa�ons occupa�ons Click legend items to change data display. Hover over chart to view data. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. View Chart Data Women also are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations. In 2021, 32 percent of women worked in professional and related occupations, compared with 21 percent of men. Within the professional category, though, the proportion of women employed in the higher paying jobs is much smaller than the proportion of men employed in them. In 2021, 11 percent of women in professional and related occupations were employed in the relatively high-paying computer and mathematical (median weekly earnings of $1,499 for women and $1,742 for men), and architecture and engineering ($1,435 for women and $1,725 for men) occupations, compared with 48 percent of men. Women were over twice as likely to work in education ($1,071 for women and $1,332 for men) and healthcare ($1,218 for women and $1,516 for men) jobs, which generally pay less than computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-six percent of women in professional occupations worked in education and healthcare jobs in 2021, compared with 29 percent of men. (See table 2.) Across all occupational categories, the three most common jobs for women were registered nurse ($1,274), elementary and middle school teacher ($1,138), and secretary and administrative assistant ($807). Collectively, these occupations employed 6.0 million women in 2021, representing 12 percent of women in full-time wage and salary jobs. Among men, the most common job by far was truck driver (driver/sales workers and truck drivers, $933). In 2021, 2.5 million, or 4 percent, of all male full-time wage and salary workers were truck drivers. Although engineering jobs are shown separately by specialty (civil, mechanical, etc.) in this report, if combined, engineer would be the second most common job for men. In 2021, a total of 1.9 million men were employed full time in the 16 designated engineering specialties (median weekly earnings ranging from $1,661 to $2,083). (See table 2.) Earnings for those with and without children under 18 In 2021, one-third of full-time wage and salary workers were parents of children under age 18. (As defined here, “children” include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children under age 18 who live in the household.) Median weekly earnings for mothers of children under age 18 ($939) were higher than the earnings for women without children under 18 ($899). Earnings for fathers of children under age 18, at $1,240, were higher than the earnings of $1,019 for men without children under 18. (See table 7.) Earnings by state of residence Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios vary by state of residence. (In this report, “state” refers to the 50 states and the District of Columbia.) The differences among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries found in each state and differences in the demographic composition of each state’s labor force. Readers should note that sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates. (See the technical notes section for an explanation of sampling error.) Consequently, earnings comparisons between states should be made with caution. Readers should also note that the state estimates are based on workers’ state of residence; their reported earnings are not necessarily from a job located in the same state. (See table 3.) Weekly work hours of full-time workers Among full-time workers (those usually working at a job 35 hours or more per week), men are more likely than women to work more than 40 hours per week. In 2021, 22 percent of men who usually work full time worked 41 or more hours per week, compared with 14 percent of women. Women were more likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 10 percent of women working full time worked such hours in 2021, while 4 percent of men did. A majority of both male (74 percent) and female (77 percent) full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek. Among these workers, women earned 88 percent as much as men. (This analysis excludes people who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose hours vary.) (See table 5.) Earnings of part-time workers Women are more likely than men to work part time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole or main job. Women who worked part time made up 20 percent of all female wage and salary workers in 2021. In comparison, 10 percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables 4 and 5.) Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were $320 in 2021, little different than the $311 median for men. (See table 4.) Part-time workers are more likely to be under age 25 than full-time workers. Among part-timers, 31 percent of women and 43 percent of men were under age 25 in 2021. Among full-time workers, 9 percent were under age 25 for both men and women. (See tables 1 and 4.) Earnings of workers paid by the hour In 2021, 58 percent of women and 54 percent of men in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour. Women who were paid hourly rates had median hourly earnings of $16.02 in 2021, which were 89 percent of the $18.05 median for men. (See tables 8 and 11.) Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2021, 2 percent of women and 1 percent of men had hourly earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25. (See tables 10 and 11.) (See the technical notes section for information about BLS estimates of the number of minimum wage workers.) Statistical Tables [–] Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics, 2021 annual averages Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Women Median weekly earnings Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Men Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Standard error of median Age Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 114,316 $998 $2 51,388 $912 $3 62,928 10,392 623 3 4,655 605 3 5,737 1,569 527 7 645 499 6 924 $1,097 $5 83.1 650 5 93.1 563 11 88.6 8,823 645 4 4,010 619 3 4,813 671 5 92.3 25 years and older 103,924 1,057 3 46,733 954 3 57,191 1,160 3 82.2 25 to 34 years 28,697 931 4 12,814 881 5 15,883 972 5 90.6 35 to 44 years 26,449 1,131 5 11,678 992 7 14,771 1,241 8 79.9 45 to 54 years 24,317 1,154 5 11,179 1,012 8 13,138 1,295 13 78.1 55 to 64 years 19,292 1,132 7 8,838 976 8 10,453 1,256 10 77.7 5,169 994 9 2,224 867 14 2,946 1,129 17 76.8 White 87,738 1,018 3 38,356 925 3 49,382 1,125 4 82.2 Black or African American 14,740 801 5 7,641 776 6 7,099 825 9 94.1 65 years and older Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity Asian 7,780 1,328 19 3,520 1,141 13 4,259 1,453 16 78.5 20,841 777 4 8,372 718 4 12,469 820 6 87.6 Never married 37,127 813 3 16,523 777 4 20,604 846 6 91.8 Married, spouse present(1) 60,045 1,159 3 25,173 1,010 5 34,873 1,282 7 78.8 Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 17,144 955 6 9,692 892 7 7,452 1,049 12 85.0 Widowed 1,717 877 18 1,245 836 24 472 951 23 87.9 Divorced 11,458 997 7 6,469 929 8 4,989 1,107 16 83.9 3,969 857 14 1,978 794 13 1,991 936 26 84.8 Members of unions(4) 12,654 1,169 6 5,618 1,104 12 7,036 1,227 10 90.0 Represented by unions(5) 14,275 1,158 5 6,417 1,086 11 7,858 1,217 9 89.2 100,041 975 3 44,971 884 3 55,070 1,069 5 82.7 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Marital Status Separated(2) Union Affiliation(3) Not represented by a union Footnotes (1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. (3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region. (4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Women Median weekly earnings Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Men Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and older 103,924 1,057 3 46,733 954 3 57,191 1,160 3 82.2 Less than a high school diploma 6,033 626 4 1,910 550 6 4,123 684 5 80.4 High school graduates, no college 24,860 809 3 9,364 698 3 15,496 904 4 77.2 25,824 925 4 12,049 803 4 13,775 1,047 7 76.7 47,207 1,452 5 23,409 1,272 6 23,798 1,661 9 76.6 Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher Footnotes (1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. (3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region. (4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation, 2021 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] [–] Women Total Occupation Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Total, full-time wage and salary workers 114,316 $998 $2 51,388 $912 $3 62,928 $1,097 $5 83.1 Management, professional, and related occupations 51,166 1,390 5 26,605 1,222 6 24,561 1,609 11 75.9 21,529 1,482 8 10,299 1,306 14 11,231 1,672 19 78.1 13,942 1,546 8 6,116 1,341 10 7,826 1,752 11 76.5 1,151 2,473 64 348 1,904 36 803 2,721 141 70.0 999 1,449 27 361 1,285 54 637 1,548 44 83.0 Legislators 13 - - 7 - - 6 - - - Advertising and promotions managers 55 1,338 36 23 - - 31 - - - Marketing managers 490 1,545 59 309 1,490 62 182 1,698 121 87.8 Sales managers 500 1,749 37 150 1,344 40 350 1,910 31 70.4 Public relations and fundraising managers 100 1,670 176 66 1,659 46 34 - - - 50 1,227 68 41 - - 9 - - - Facilities managers 132 1,456 85 25 - - 106 1,542 55 - Computer and information systems managers 675 2,085 44 184 1,908 187 492 2,135 80 89.4 Management, business, and financial operations occupations Management occupations Chief executives General and operations managers Administrative services managers Financial managers 1,220 1,569 30 681 1,372 41 539 1,885 19 72.8 Compensation and benefits managers 18 - - 14 - - 5 - - - Human resources managers 260 1,587 100 211 1,545 61 49 - - - Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Training and development managers Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median 49 - - 34 - - 15 - - - Industrial production managers 236 1,636 83 46 - - 190 1,666 218 - Purchasing managers 214 1,562 104 97 1,363 53 117 1,612 105 84.6 Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 304 1,113 52 65 984 32 239 1,221 61 80.6 Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers 126 1,032 90 24 - - 103 1,048 125 - Construction managers 633 1,534 36 54 1,165 80 578 1,548 31 75.3 856 1,551 25 540 1,411 42 315 1,857 41 76.0 Architectural and engineering managers 176 2,709 90 20 - - 156 2,723 231 - Food service managers 758 881 29 398 789 30 360 1,014 50 77.8 Education and childcare administrators Funeral home managers 5 - - 2 - - 4 - - - Entertainment and recreation managers 31 - - 10 - - 22 - - - Lodging managers 83 973 46 41 - - 42 - - - 676 1,463 49 515 1,363 41 161 1,773 256 76.9 Natural sciences managers 17 - - 9 - - 9 - - - Postmasters and mail superintendents 12 - - 6 - - 6 - - - Property, real estate, and community association managers 466 1,162 27 254 1,086 99 212 1,360 40 79.9 Social and community service managers 348 1,204 40 222 1,150 44 125 1,317 95 87.3 12 - - 7 - - 5 - - - 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - - Managers, all other 3,276 1,573 23 1,352 1,396 32 1,924 1,747 28 79.9 Business and financial operations occupations 7,587 1,382 12 4,183 1,253 11 3,404 1,552 14 80.7 Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes 30 - - 15 - - 15 - - - Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products 9 - - 1 - - 8 - - - Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 126 1,061 52 69 1,027 113 56 1,072 253 95.8 Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products 212 1,165 31 132 1,165 35 80 1,165 59 100.0 Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators 327 1,147 35 189 973 44 138 1,327 46 73.3 Compliance officers 274 1,369 55 137 1,423 60 137 1,331 65 106.9 Medical and health services managers Emergency management directors Personal service managers, all other Cost estimators 119 1,395 138 27 - - 92 1,448 54 - Human resources workers 795 1,251 28 579 1,212 63 217 1,411 85 85.9 66 1,232 42 48 - - 18 - - - Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Training and development specialists 130 1,342 51 64 1,195 99 66 1,464 137 81.6 Logisticians 116 1,322 81 43 - - 72 1,336 21 - Project management specialists 735 1,649 30 321 1,455 33 415 1,861 43 78.2 Management analysts 707 1,608 41 323 1,451 32 384 1,887 39 76.9 84 1,080 40 71 1,037 53 13 - - - 80 1,667 219 54 1,540 164 26 - - - Market research analysts and marketing specialists 335 1,446 90 200 1,276 73 135 1,743 73 73.2 Business operations specialists, all other 497 1,241 34 289 1,162 45 208 1,326 50 87.6 1,374 1,345 17 852 1,261 23 521 1,494 50 84.4 39 - - 14 - - 25 - - - Budget analysts 59 1,558 58 35 - - 24 - - - Credit analysts Meeting, convention, and event planners Fundraisers Accountants and auditors Property appraisers and assessors 46 - - 29 - - 17 - - - Financial and investment analysts 313 1,719 108 137 1,607 51 177 1,837 38 87.5 Personal financial advisors 389 1,773 121 154 1,424 136 235 2,183 272 65.2 Insurance underwriters 122 1,367 34 73 1,365 404 49 - - - 13 - - 9 - - 4 - - - 427 1,332 46 218 1,127 29 208 1,560 42 72.2 Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents 60 1,015 36 31 - - 28 - - - Tax preparers 50 961 44 30 - - 20 - - - Other financial specialists 54 1,441 92 37 - - 17 - - - 29,637 1,335 6 16,306 1,167 5 13,330 1,555 7 75.0 5,267 1,660 19 1,350 1,499 26 3,917 1,742 12 86.1 41 - - 13 - - 28 - - - Financial examiners Credit counselors and loan officers Professional and related occupations Computer and mathematical occupations Computer and information research scientists Computer systems analysts 423 1,489 37 157 1,414 33 266 1,556 56 90.9 Information security analysts 145 1,874 88 26 - - 120 1,904 70 - Computer programmers 387 1,734 30 79 1,677 167 308 1,742 31 96.3 1,875 1,922 39 369 1,840 82 1,507 1,992 39 92.4 70 1,550 58 33 - - 37 - - - Web developers 59 1,327 214 22 - - 38 - - - Web and digital interface designers 40 - - 17 - - 23 - - - Computer support specialists 620 1,256 29 148 1,209 73 471 1,265 36 95.6 Database administrators and architects 103 1,879 46 35 - - 68 1,920 75 - 205 1,505 90 35 - - 171 1,529 80 - 104 1,990 39 11 - - 93 2,006 44 - Software developers Software quality assurance analysts and testers Network and computer systems administrators Computer network architects Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Computer occupations, all other Actuaries Mathematicians Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median 787 1,413 31 211 1,143 54 577 1,483 50 77.1 30 - - 15 - - 16 - - - 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - - 126 1,574 118 67 1,408 50 60 1,773 156 79.4 37 - - 15 - - 21 - - - 213 1,458 44 99 1,388 243 115 1,470 66 94.4 2,985 1,641 20 502 1,435 31 2,483 1,725 30 83.2 151 1,642 110 45 - - 106 1,751 50 - Landscape architects 19 - - 6 - - 12 - - - Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists 34 - - 4 - - 31 - - - 125 1,863 73 22 - - 103 1,895 32 - 8 - - 0 - - 8 - - - 15 - - 1 - - 15 - - - Operations research analysts Statisticians Other mathematical science occupations Architecture and engineering occupations Architects, except landscape and naval Aerospace engineers Agricultural engineers Bioengineers and biomedical engineers Chemical engineers Civil engineers Computer hardware engineers 76 1,875 57 12 - - 65 1,915 36 - 403 1,633 73 69 1,531 62 334 1,661 65 92.2 86 2,006 254 9 - - 77 2,083 237 - Electrical and electronics engineers 286 1,899 26 19 - - 267 1,910 28 - Environmental engineers 32 - - 12 - - 20 - - - 221 1,648 56 60 1,571 66 161 1,725 64 91.1 15 - - 0 - - 15 - - - Industrial engineers, including health and safety Marine engineers and naval architects Materials engineers 49 - - 15 - - 33 - - - 329 1,660 36 31 - - 298 1,732 110 - 9 - - 3 - - 6 - - - Nuclear engineers 11 - - 2 - - 10 - - - Petroleum engineers 11 - - 3 - - 8 - - - Mechanical engineers Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers Engineers, all other 602 1,771 44 97 1,549 37 505 1,833 52 84.5 Architectural and civil drafters 29 - - 7 - - 21 - - - Other drafters 90 1,280 64 25 - - 66 1,437 34 - Electrical and electronic engineering technologists and technicians 62 1,243 51 7 - - 55 1,261 48 - Other engineering technologists and technicians, except drafters 275 1,245 76 52 903 103 222 1,367 50 66.1 50 796 46 2 - - 48 - - - 1,391 1,407 23 627 1,342 17 763 1,496 52 89.7 30 - - 14 - - 16 - - - Surveying and mapping technicians Life, physical, and social science occupations Agricultural and food scientists Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Biological scientists Conservation scientists and foresters Medical scientists Life scientists, all other Astronomers and physicists Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median 89 1,317 245 42 - - 46 - - - 19 - - 7 - - 12 - - - 116 1,662 222 59 1,368 26 57 2,291 32 59.7 8 - - 5 - - 3 - - - 19 - - 6 - - 13 - - - Atmospheric and space scientists 9 - - 3 - - 6 - - - Chemists and materials scientists 90 1,647 110 28 - - 62 1,681 93 - Environmental scientists and specialists, including health 39 - - 15 - - 25 - - - 42 - - 11 - - 31 - - - 332 1,738 31 138 1,500 87 193 1,933 114 77.6 20 - - 8 - - 12 - - - Survey researchers 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - - Clinical and counseling psychologists 4 - - 3 - - 1 - - - School psychologists 51 1,343 35 47 - - 5 - - - Other psychologists 56 1,493 241 43 - - 13 - - - 4 - - 4 - - 0 - - - 21 - - 10 - - 11 - - - 47 - - 24 - - 23 - - - Agricultural and food science technicians 37 - - 9 - - 28 - - - Biological technicians 14 - - 6 - - 9 - - - Chemical technicians 39 - - 19 - - 20 - - - Environmental science and geoscience technicians 12 - - 5 - - 7 - - - Nuclear technicians 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - - Social science research assistants 5 - - 3 - - 2 - - - 213 1,093 54 98 1,059 39 114 1,142 54 92.7 70 1,325 290 19 - - 51 1,388 127 - 2,276 1,065 17 1,489 1,016 17 788 1,164 18 87.3 110 969 44 69 911 47 41 - - - 296 1,091 50 228 1,077 42 69 1,173 281 91.8 Geoscientists and hydrologists, except geographers Physical scientists, all other Economists Sociologists Urban and regional planners Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers Other life, physical, and social science technicians Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians Community and social service occupations Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors Educational, guidance, and career counselors and advisors Marriage and family therapists Mental health counselors Rehabilitation counselors Counselors, all other 26 - - 22 - - 4 - - - 139 1,140 26 101 1,133 26 38 - - - 9 - - 7 - - 2 - - - 181 953 53 107 860 21 75 1,083 83 79.4 Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Child, family, and school social workers 58 1,012 38 46 - - 11 - - - Healthcare social workers 71 924 220 54 894 57 17 - - - 7 - - 7 - - 0 - - - 601 1,073 28 508 1,049 23 93 1,232 49 85.1 87 1,247 31 45 - - 42 - - - 160 914 44 126 886 39 34 - - - 88 1,111 67 69 1,050 106 19 - - - Mental health and substance abuse social workers Social workers, all other Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists Social and human service assistants Other community and social service specialists Clergy 339 1,135 23 43 - - 296 1,152 24 - Directors, religious activities and education 45 - - 19 - - 26 - - - Religious workers, all other 60 937 28 39 - - 20 - - - 1,401 1,586 50 807 1,332 37 594 2,233 191 59.7 793 2,252 159 331 1,912 28 462 2,495 27 76.6 Judicial law clerks 18 - - 14 - - 4 - - - Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers 68 1,652 497 40 - - 28 - - - Paralegals and legal assistants 361 1,080 29 310 1,065 34 51 1,229 43 86.7 89 1,120 117 64 999 157 25 - - - 72 1,238 35 49 - - 23 - - - 7,124 1,138 6 5,248 1,071 10 1,877 1,332 23 80.4 Postsecondary teachers 920 1,550 25 460 1,483 28 460 1,653 39 89.7 Preschool and kindergarten teachers 471 780 34 455 771 25 16 - - - 3,000 1,163 8 2,375 1,138 10 625 1,301 58 87.5 Secondary school teachers 860 1,216 30 495 1,159 17 365 1,269 25 91.3 Special education teachers 338 1,126 27 275 1,097 39 64 1,198 49 91.6 12 - - 9 - - 3 - - - 389 1,118 53 224 1,002 44 165 1,260 109 79.5 42 - - 29 - - 13 - - - 144 1,131 37 115 1,142 31 29 - - - Library technicians 20 - - 18 - - 1 - - - Teaching assistants 803 641 15 687 641 16 116 639 39 100.3 127 1,271 141 107 1,274 144 20 - - - 1,707 1,229 24 781 1,145 20 925 1,317 40 86.9 Artists and related workers 87 1,355 153 41 - - 46 - - - Commercial and industrial designers 10 - - 3 - - 7 - - - Legal occupations Lawyers Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers Legal support workers, all other Education, training, and library occupations Elementary and middle school teachers Tutors Other teachers and instructors Archivists, curators, and museum technicians Librarians and media collections specialists Other educational instruction and library workers Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Fashion designers Floral designers Median weekly earnings Number of workers 22 Standard error of median - Number of workers - 17 Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings - Number of workers - Median weekly earnings 6 Standard error of median - - - 35 - - 24 - - 11 - - - Graphic designers 180 1,163 40 91 1,225 117 89 1,151 35 106.4 Interior designers 45 - - 40 - - 5 - - - Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 17 - - 10 - - 7 - - - 284 1,402 58 99 1,271 219 185 1,429 40 88.9 11 - - 6 - - 5 - - - Other designers Actors Producers and directors 139 1,369 41 61 1,347 25 78 1,522 67 88.5 Athletes and sports competitors 21 - - 2 - - 20 - - - Coaches and scouts 110 913 29 29 - - 81 1,136 43 - Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - - Dancers and choreographers 3 - - 3 - - 0 - - - 15 - - 3 - - 12 - - - 13 - - 2 - - 11 - - - 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - - 9 - - 1 - - 8 - - - 12 - - 4 - - 7 - - - 55 1,036 42 33 - - 22 - - - 113 1,641 105 69 1,615 69 44 - - - 63 1,350 55 35 - - 28 - - - Music directors and composers Musicians and singers Disc jockeys, except radio Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys News analysts, reporters, and journalists Public relations specialists Editors Technical writers 62 1,540 27 31 - - 31 - - - 131 1,239 49 82 1,155 32 49 - - - Interpreters and translators 52 993 51 39 - - 13 - - - Court reporters and simultaneous captioners 12 - - 9 - - 3 - - - Media and communication workers, all other 23 - - 12 - - 12 - - - Broadcast, sound, and lighting technicians 54 1,370 190 5 - - 50 1,537 40 - Photographers 59 858 66 14 - - 45 - - - Television, video, and film camera operators and editors 63 1,051 36 17 - - 46 - - - Media and communication equipment workers, all other 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - 7,485 1,273 11 5,503 1,218 11 1,983 1,516 22 80.3 Writers and authors Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations Chiropractors 21 - - 7 - - 14 - - - Dentists 76 2,492 60 34 - - 42 - - - Dietitians and nutritionists 88 1,184 161 78 1,179 144 10 - - - Optometrists 21 - - 11 - - 9 - - - Pharmacists 245 2,019 116 133 2,087 192 112 2,010 38 103.8 Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Emergency medicine physicians 21 - - 4 - - 17 - - - Radiologists 21 - - 2 - - 18 - - - 714 2,418 183 304 2,283 138 410 2,647 169 86.2 45 - - 12 - - 33 - - - 126 1,884 47 79 1,855 50 47 - - - 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - 17 - - 11 - - 5 - - - Occupational therapists 107 1,467 28 84 1,470 24 23 - - - Physical therapists 203 1,527 29 129 1,478 71 74 1,551 30 95.3 Radiation therapists 14 - - 9 - - 5 - - - Recreational therapists 11 - - 9 - - 2 - - - Respiratory therapists 104 1,262 21 71 1,242 25 33 - - - Speech-language pathologists 132 1,233 78 126 1,229 85 5 - - - Other physicians Surgeons Physician assistants Podiatrists Audiologists Exercise physiologists Therapists, all other Veterinarians 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - - 137 1,147 36 113 1,132 52 24 - - - 67 1,797 60 48 - - 18 - - - Registered nurses 2,615 1,305 17 2,240 1,274 13 375 1,437 48 88.7 Nurse anesthetists 25 - - 14 - - 11 - - - 6 - - 6 - - 0 - - - Nurse midwives Nurse practitioners 188 1,955 95 160 1,903 28 28 - - - Acupuncturists 3 - - 3 - - 0 - - - Healthcare diagnosing or treating practitioners, all other 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - - Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians 322 992 24 210 1,001 21 112 964 26 103.8 97 1,269 62 90 1,264 60 7 - - - 46 - - 29 - - 16 - - - 61 1,462 153 46 - - 15 - - - Radiologic technologists and technicians 201 1,167 26 137 1,140 26 64 1,280 82 89.1 Magnetic resonance imaging technologists 27 - - 14 - - 13 - - - Nuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists 31 - - 20 - - 11 - - - 110 883 25 31 - - 79 910 30 - 97 1,288 151 30 - - 67 1,352 34 - 268 800 25 207 796 24 61 822 83 96.8 Dental hygienists Cardiovascular technologists and technicians Diagnostic medical sonographers Emergency medical technicians Paramedics Pharmacy technicians Psychiatric technicians 54 749 21 41 - - 12 - - - Surgical technologists 109 1,036 46 78 1,006 55 31 - - - Veterinary technologists and technicians 106 779 36 97 765 26 9 - - - 37 - - 31 - - 7 - - - Dietetic technicians and ophthalmic medical technicians Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 444 921 20 399 918 18 45 - - - Medical records specialists 181 894 26 165 889 28 16 - - - 42 - - 30 - - 12 - - - 150 891 31 97 835 45 54 1,003 126 83.3 91 1,362 79 61 1,327 94 31 - - - 14,630 644 3 7,630 598 2 7,000 723 5 82.7 Opticians, dispensing Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations Service occupations Healthcare support occupations 3,269 637 5 2,742 624 4 527 723 15 86.3 Home health aides 314 587 10 264 581 10 49 - - - Personal care aides 848 611 7 656 598 9 192 666 27 89.8 Nursing assistants 916 626 9 805 615 7 110 740 24 83.1 Orderlies and psychiatric aides 43 - - 25 - - 18 - - - Occupational therapy assistants and aides 29 - - 24 - - 5 - - - Physical therapist assistants and aides 37 - - 28 - - 9 - - - 42 - - 35 - - 7 - - - Dental assistants 219 665 14 200 653 15 19 - - - Medical assistants Massage therapists 482 676 10 430 668 10 51 980 40 68.2 Medical transcriptionists 26 - - 19 - - 8 - - - Pharmacy aides 28 - - 19 - - 9 - - - 47 - - 40 - - 7 - - - Phlebotomists 109 681 30 99 666 14 10 - - - Other healthcare support workers 128 768 31 96 656 27 32 - - - Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 2,608 998 14 577 814 28 2,031 1,067 22 76.3 First-line supervisors of correctional officers 36 - - 11 - - 25 - - - First-line supervisors of police and detectives 89 1,360 117 15 - - 74 1,413 76 - First-line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers 46 - - 4 - - 43 - - - First-line supervisors of security workers 66 1,147 47 14 - - 52 1,146 41 - 7 - - 5 - - 2 - - - 278 1,291 45 17 - - 261 1,320 52 - Protective service occupations First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other Firefighters Fire inspectors 24 - - 3 - - 21 - - - Bailiffs 20 - - 10 - - 10 - - - Correctional officers and jailers 275 920 25 76 807 38 199 983 28 82.1 Detectives and criminal investigators 120 1,294 81 34 - - 86 1,319 90 - Fish and game wardens Parking enforcement workers Police officers 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - - 12 - - 2 - - 9 - - - 751 1,232 34 113 1,197 40 638 1,242 34 96.4 Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Animal control workers 7 - - 4 - - 3 - - - Private detectives and investigators 70 1,018 44 35 - - 35 - - - Security guards and gambling surveillance officers 675 689 13 172 641 28 502 704 15 91.1 Crossing guards and flaggers 22 - - 6 - - 17 - - - 42 - - 21 - - 21 - - - School bus monitors 14 - - 13 - - 1 - - - Other protective service workers 48 - - 22 - - 26 - - - 3,863 573 5 1,901 534 8 1,962 598 5 89.3 Chefs and head cooks 319 750 18 63 655 45 256 777 26 84.3 First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers 349 621 13 223 596 15 126 706 50 84.4 1,187 549 8 436 512 10 751 572 9 89.5 Food preparation workers 439 547 13 254 531 15 184 571 23 93.0 Bartenders 217 668 37 111 627 39 106 709 38 88.4 Transportation security screeners Food preparation and serving related occupations Cooks Fast food and counter workers 268 507 11 172 503 16 96 511 14 98.4 Waiters and waitresses 674 576 17 416 524 18 258 605 13 86.6 Food servers, nonrestaurant 102 544 33 79 529 40 23 - - - Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers 102 509 21 50 477 33 52 583 45 81.8 Dishwashers 128 512 11 36 - - 92 511 12 - 77 498 16 60 500 15 17 - - - 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - - 3,347 623 5 1,253 555 8 2,094 685 7 81.0 176 829 38 60 728 30 116 881 29 82.6 First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers 76 900 27 11 - - 65 907 39 - Janitors and building cleaners 1,437 630 8 494 561 13 943 675 9 83.1 Maids and housekeeping cleaners 744 546 11 637 529 10 107 622 21 85.0 Pest control workers 108 868 55 6 - - 102 876 47 - Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 738 622 9 45 - - 693 629 15 - 59 846 73 1 - - 59 851 73 - 9 - - 0 - - 9 - - - 1,543 618 6 1,157 603 6 387 699 26 86.3 92 784 31 59 743 33 33 - - - 27 - - 15 - - 11 - - - 133 595 22 104 600 27 29 - - - Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop Food preparation and serving related workers, all other Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers Tree trimmers and pruners Other grounds maintenance workers Personal care and service occupations Supervisors of personal care and service workers Animal trainers Animal caretakers Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Gambling services workers Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers Other entertainment attendants and related workers Embalmers, crematory operators, and funeral attendants Morticians, undertakers, and funeral arrangers Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median 54 852 57 28 - - 26 - - - 9 - - 4 - - 5 - - - 68 615 23 28 - - 41 - - - 3 - - 1 - - 2 - - - 18 - - 6 - - 13 - - - 36 - - 8 - - 28 - - - Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 252 604 16 228 595 15 24 - - - Manicurists and pedicurists 153 655 33 128 624 28 26 - - - 27 - - 26 - - 1 - - - 2 - - 2 - - 0 - - - Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges 62 612 23 17 - - 45 - - - Tour and travel guides 10 - - 1 - - 9 - - - Barbers Skincare specialists Other personal appearance workers 402 569 14 374 571 13 28 - - - Exercise trainers and group fitness instructors Childcare workers 54 729 88 31 - - 24 - - - Recreation workers 88 652 24 61 653 20 27 - - - Residential advisors 22 - - 16 - - 6 - - - Personal care and service workers, all other 31 - - 22 - - 8 - - - 21,748 826 4 13,071 766 3 8,677 970 7 79.0 9,281 887 10 4,191 720 9 5,090 1,049 13 68.6 2,165 875 15 990 733 14 1,175 992 27 73.9 833 1,191 52 292 1,130 35 540 1,257 36 89.9 Sales and office occupations Sales and related occupations First-line supervisors of retail sales workers First-line supervisors of nonretail sales workers Cashiers Counter and rental clerks 1,235 515 5 888 513 5 346 520 11 98.7 56 781 41 19 - - 37 - - - Parts salespersons 103 778 43 19 - - 84 776 65 - Retail salespersons 1,665 745 12 666 635 18 999 855 23 74.3 Advertising sales agents Insurance sales agents Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents Travel agents Sales representatives of services, except advertising, insurance, financial services, 93 1,174 172 50 1,136 27 44 - - - 462 1,008 61 249 839 43 213 1,253 38 67.0 206 1,630 112 69 1,054 64 137 1,891 62 55.7 33 - - 23 - - 10 - - - 523 1,169 24 155 1,122 43 368 1,237 53 90.7 1,014 1,263 26 301 1,157 46 712 1,356 25 85.3 4 - - 3 - - 1 - - - 524 1,141 18 302 1,037 77 222 1,324 104 78.3 and travel Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing Models, demonstrators, and product promoters Real estate brokers and sales agents Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Sales engineers 29 - - 0 - - 29 - - - Telemarketers 22 - - 13 - - 9 - - - 17 - - 10 - - 7 - - - 298 943 36 140 843 47 157 1,017 66 82.9 Office and administrative support occupations 12,467 806 4 8,880 779 4 3,587 899 9 86.7 First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers 1,098 964 15 757 913 20 341 1,184 50 77.1 8 - - 6 - - 2 - - - 17 - - 11 - - 5 - - - 3 - - 2 - - 1 - - - Bill and account collectors 81 726 28 59 742 29 22 - - - Billing and posting clerks 398 772 20 346 774 22 53 767 40 100.9 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 741 825 15 604 802 14 137 1,009 44 79.5 Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers Sales and related workers, all other Switchboard operators, including answering service Telephone operators Communications equipment operators, all other Gambling cage workers Payroll and timekeeping clerks Procurement clerks Tellers 15 - - 12 - - 3 - - - 144 921 43 125 913 27 19 - - - 35 - - 17 - - 18 - - - 173 695 17 132 691 16 40 - - - 95 909 43 59 833 37 36 - - - Brokerage clerks 9 - - 5 - - 4 - - - Correspondence clerks Financial clerks, all other 1 - - 1 - - 0 - - - Court, municipal, and license clerks 69 811 37 53 778 34 16 - - - Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 40 - - 26 - - 14 - - - 1,863 780 10 1,219 737 12 645 867 30 85.0 67 840 117 56 790 50 11 - - - 126 775 25 98 791 27 29 - - - Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 74 652 18 54 653 26 20 - - - Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 172 772 31 130 775 35 43 - - - Customer service representatives Eligibility interviewers, government programs File clerks Library assistants, clerical Loan interviewers and clerks 29 - - 26 - - 3 - - - 126 899 51 91 886 44 34 - - - 9 - - 5 - - 4 - - - Order clerks 89 714 50 52 712 38 37 - - - Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping 37 - - 30 - - 7 - - - Receptionists and information clerks 871 685 9 774 674 9 97 796 89 84.7 Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks 74 786 25 39 - - 34 - - - New accounts clerks Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Information and record clerks, all other Cargo and freight agents Couriers and messengers Public safety telecommunicators Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance Meter readers, utilities Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median 98 774 32 79 751 24 19 - - - 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - 492 802 22 90 680 49 402 846 26 80.4 82 911 31 58 908 45 24 - - - 163 812 31 71 765 28 92 842 65 90.9 30 - - 2 - - 28 - - - 96 1,047 54 66 1,006 57 31 - - - Postal service mail carriers 259 992 23 104 978 27 155 1,008 39 97.0 Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators 76 879 55 37 - - 39 - - - Production, planning, and expediting clerks 184 1,115 58 91 1,018 34 93 1,174 53 86.7 Shipping, receiving, and inventory clerks 537 725 12 191 696 14 346 748 15 93.0 42 - - 12 - - 29 - - - Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants 211 1,027 43 201 1,015 31 10 - - - Legal secretaries and administrative assistants 46 - - 44 - - 2 - - - Medical secretaries and administrative assistants 53 756 58 48 - - 5 - - - 1,532 819 10 1,405 807 10 127 1,006 38 80.2 195 718 15 148 712 14 47 - - - 23 - - 21 - - 2 - - - 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - - 262 763 18 202 766 21 60 754 32 101.6 40 - - 16 - - 24 - - - 927 744 11 770 726 11 157 823 41 88.2 22 - - 20 - - 2 - - - Postal service clerks Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive Data entry keyers Word processors and typists Desktop publishers Insurance claims and policy processing clerks Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service Office clerks, general Office machine operators, except computer 4 - - 3 - - 1 - - - 42 - - 16 - - 26 - - - 582 890 20 395 874 19 187 949 41 92.1 11,182 919 5 547 696 13 10,635 930 6 74.8 800 623 8 149 585 15 651 637 15 91.8 First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers 35 - - 2 - - 32 - - - Agricultural inspectors 11 - - 3 - - 8 - - - 6 - - 4 - - 3 - - - Proofreaders and copy markers Statistical assistants Office and administrative support workers, all other Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations Animal breeders Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Graders and sorters, agricultural products Miscellaneous agricultural workers Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median 41 - - 26 - - 16 - - - 641 613 7 110 590 19 531 617 7 95.6 Fishing and hunting workers 16 - - 1 - - 15 - - - Forest and conservation workers 12 - - 2 - - 9 - - - Logging workers 38 - - 1 - - 37 - - - 6,171 904 6 207 720 25 5,965 908 6 79.3 545 1,208 30 24 - - 522 1,213 29 - Boilermakers 23 - - 0 - - 23 - - - Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons 77 867 73 3 - - 74 868 72 - Carpenters 830 850 31 29 - - 801 864 31 - Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers 104 778 32 10 - - 93 783 35 - Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers 63 917 32 0 - - 63 917 32 - 1,503 766 11 45 - - 1,457 771 12 - 334 992 27 8 - - 326 990 28 - Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers 133 704 18 4 - - 128 709 19 - Electricians 737 1,060 52 17 - - 720 1,064 51 - 45 - - 3 - - 42 - - - Construction and extraction occupations First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers Construction laborers Construction equipment operators Glaziers Insulation workers Painters and paperhangers Pipelayers Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters Plasterers and stucco masons Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 30 - - 1 - - 29 - - - 360 741 27 20 - - 340 759 26 - 36 - - 2 - - 34 - - - 506 992 20 10 - - 496 986 22 - 15 - - 0 - - 15 - - - 9 - - 0 - - 9 - - - Roofers 151 685 38 2 - - 148 681 37 - Sheet metal workers 115 979 36 4 - - 111 988 31 - Structural iron and steel workers 35 - - 2 - - 33 - - - Solar photovoltaic installers 20 - - 0 - - 20 - - - Helpers, construction trades 63 691 26 3 - - 60 701 25 - Construction and building inspectors 65 988 43 7 - - 58 1,013 41 - Elevator and escalator installers and repairers 37 - - 4 - - 33 - - - Fence erectors 25 - - 0 - - 25 - - - Hazardous materials removal workers 25 - - 3 - - 22 - - - Highway maintenance workers 90 880 33 2 - - 87 866 83 - Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators 11 - - 0 - - 11 - - - Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners 9 - - 0 - - 9 - - - Miscellaneous construction and related workers 19 - - 0 - - 19 - - - Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil and gas 20 - - 0 - - 20 - - - Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators, surface mining 4 - - 0 - - 4 - - - Earth drillers, except oil and gas 30 - - 0 - - 30 - - - Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters 11 - - 2 - - 10 - - - Underground mining machine operators 35 - - 1 - - 34 - - - Roustabouts, oil and gas 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - Other extraction workers 55 1,160 42 0 - - 55 1,159 42 - 4,211 1,017 8 192 836 54 4,019 1,023 9 81.7 First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers 217 1,304 83 18 - - 199 1,335 32 - Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 148 1,017 79 23 - - 126 1,058 68 - Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers 127 1,225 80 7 - - 121 1,269 193 - 3 - - 0 - - 3 - - - 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - - 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - - Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility 16 - - 4 - - 12 - - - Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles 8 - - 1 - - 7 - - - Audiovisual equipment installers and repairers 13 - - 0 - - 13 - - - Security and fire alarm systems installers 63 1,008 73 3 - - 60 999 71 - Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 152 1,282 35 6 - - 146 1,297 34 - 113 990 27 5 - - 109 995 26 - Automotive glass installers and repairers 24 - - 1 - - 23 - - - Automotive service technicians and mechanics 651 906 15 15 - - 636 909 15 - Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 318 996 24 5 - - 312 993 24 - 237 1,122 42 3 - - 234 1,120 35 - 36 - - 2 - - 34 - - - Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations Avionics technicians Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment Automotive body and related repairers Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics Small engine mechanics Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median 75 781 49 2 - - 73 786 47 - 15 - - 0 - - 15 - - - 370 1,009 15 3 - - 367 1,009 15 - installers, and repairers Control and valve installers and repairers Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers Home appliance repairers 30 - - 3 - - 27 - - - Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics 426 1,050 27 27 - - 399 1,056 28 - Maintenance and repair workers, general 556 958 35 29 - - 527 978 34 - Maintenance workers, machinery 23 - - 0 - - 23 - - - Millwrights 47 - - 4 - - 43 - - - Electrical power-line installers and repairers 123 1,219 108 0 - - 122 1,217 110 - Telecommunications line installers and repairers 128 1,078 49 8 - - 120 1,090 35 - Precision instrument and equipment repairers 54 1,150 42 7 - - 47 - - - Wind turbine service technicians 12 - - 0 - - 12 - - - 22 - - 4 - - 19 - - - Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers Commercial divers 0 - - 0 - - 0 - - - 19 - - 2 - - 17 - - - Manufactured building and mobile home installers 1 - - 0 - - 1 - - - Riggers 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - - Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 18 - - 2 - - 16 - - - Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers 140 830 30 12 - - 129 845 33 - 15,590 774 4 3,535 638 5 12,056 825 5 77.3 7,107 809 6 1,856 653 7 5,251 884 6 73.9 738 1,080 28 137 796 61 601 1,138 27 69.9 8 - - 2 - - 6 - - - 111 745 23 40 - - 71 767 26 - 6 - - 1 - - 5 - - - 14 - - 2 - - 12 - - - Other assemblers and fabricators 894 710 8 315 664 13 579 751 19 88.4 Bakers 143 614 18 86 599 18 57 664 48 90.2 Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers 236 718 16 47 - - 189 742 30 - Locksmiths and safe repairers Production, transportation, and material moving occupations Production occupations First-line supervisors of production and operating workers Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers Engine and other machine assemblers Structural metal fabricators and fitters Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders 10 - - 2 - - 8 - - - Food batchmakers 67 669 23 22 - - 45 - - - 7 - - 2 - - 6 - - - 136 734 54 52 648 25 84 818 39 79.2 Computer numerically controlled tool operators and programmers 83 1,036 75 5 - - 79 1,036 80 - Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 23 - - 2 - - 21 - - - 63 746 44 19 - - 44 - - - 26 - - 4 - - 22 - - - 7 - - 0 - - 7 - - - 295 914 18 10 - - 284 916 18 - Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - - Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - - Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 34 - - 7 - - 28 - - - Tool and die makers 44 - - 1 - - 43 - - - 506 904 16 24 - - 482 907 15 - 340 769 19 64 731 32 276 783 29 93.4 Prepress technicians and workers 13 - - 3 - - 10 - - - Printing press operators Food cooking machine operators and tenders Food processing workers, all other Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic Other machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic Machinists Welding, soldering, and brazing workers Other metal workers and plastic workers 130 839 53 19 - - 111 869 46 - Print binding and finishing workers 6 - - 0 - - 6 - - - Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 88 511 14 59 492 11 29 - - - Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 13 - - 4 - - 9 - - - Sewing machine operators 94 572 17 67 560 13 27 - - - Shoe and leather workers 11 - - 3 - - 7 - - - 25 - - 20 - - 4 - - - 6 - - 2 - - 4 - - - 17 - - 6 - - 11 - - - 9 - - 6 - - 3 - - - Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders Upholsterers Other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median 57 788 28 3 - - 53 782 33 - 6 - - 2 - - 4 - - - Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 18 - - 2 - - 16 - - - Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing 15 - - 2 - - 12 - - - Other woodworkers 12 - - 1 - - 10 - - - Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers 34 - - 0 - - 34 - - - Stationary engineers and boiler operators 64 1,184 100 7 - - 57 1,175 91 - 94 960 25 8 - - 86 965 34 - Miscellaneous plant and system operators 32 - - 0 - - 32 - - - Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders 65 969 32 12 - - 53 979 45 - Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers 69 838 30 9 - - 59 856 29 - Furniture finishers Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators Cutting workers 51 775 101 8 - - 43 - - - Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders 24 - - 7 - - 17 - - - Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders 10 - - 4 - - 5 - - - 750 883 16 283 733 29 466 1,005 31 72.9 Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 21 - - 7 - - 13 - - - Dental and ophthalmic laboratory technicians and medical appliance technicians 50 692 38 28 - - 22 - - - Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 251 671 28 118 605 18 133 755 33 80.1 Painting workers Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 134 822 70 10 - - 124 893 82 - Photographic process workers and processing machine operators 21 - - 10 - - 12 - - - Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders 14 - - 3 - - 11 - - - 1 - - 1 - - 1 - - - Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 17 - - 3 - - 15 - - - Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 8 - - 3 - - 5 - - - Tire builders 8 - - 0 - - 8 - - - Helpers--production workers 32 - - 10 - - 22 - - - Other production equipment operators and tenders 5 - - 1 - - 4 - - - Other production workers 1,022 761 11 280 630 17 742 809 16 77.9 Transportation and material moving occupations 8,483 738 6 1,679 624 5 6,804 786 6 79.4 Etchers and engravers Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Women Total Occupation Median weekly earnings Number of workers Standard error of median Number of workers Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Men Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Number of workers Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers 310 996 48 68 779 50 241 1,077 49 72.3 Aircraft pilots and flight engineers 115 1,913 38 2 - - 113 1,912 37 - 28 - - 0 - - 28 - - - 77 859 71 47 - - 30 - - - 6 - - 0 - - 5 - - - Bus drivers, school 125 710 36 69 695 159 57 712 28 97.6 Bus drivers, transit and intercity 182 801 49 71 679 30 111 942 43 72.1 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers 2,680 920 11 181 732 69 2,499 933 14 78.5 Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs 29 - - 2 - - 27 - - - Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists Flight attendants Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians 148 678 38 10 - - 138 690 63 - Motor vehicle operators, all other Taxi drivers 94 723 38 15 - - 80 745 82 - Locomotive engineers and operators 41 - - 3 - - 38 - - - Railroad conductors and yardmasters 38 - - 1 - - 37 - - - Other rail transportation workers 13 - - 3 - - 10 - - - Sailors and marine oilers 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - - 17 - - 0 - - 17 - - - Ship and boat captains and operators Ship engineers 2 - - 0 - - 2 - - - 47 - - 7 - - 40 - - - 70 630 34 3 - - 67 629 34 - 34 - - 7 - - 27 - - - 6 - - 1 - - 5 - - - Other transportation workers 28 - - 5 - - 23 - - - Crane and tower operators 53 1,047 103 0 - - 53 1,047 103 - Conveyor, dredge, and hoist and winch operators 28 - - 3 - - 25 - - - 581 743 14 55 713 71 526 746 14 95.6 215 590 13 42 - - 173 589 15 - Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 1,649 689 5 355 624 11 1,294 703 6 88.8 Machine feeders and offbearers 16 - - 7 - - 9 - - - Parking attendants Transportation service attendants Transportation inspectors Passenger attendants Industrial truck and tractor operators Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 541 614 7 308 603 8 233 633 17 95.3 1,151 612 5 400 603 6 752 620 7 97.3 Packers and packagers, hand Stockers and order fillers Pumping station operators 15 - - 0 - - 15 - - - Refuse and recyclable material collectors 63 728 59 3 - - 59 707 47 - Other material moving workers 62 777 83 8 - - 55 775 77 - Note: Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system, derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Median earnings are not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's are not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [—] Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state, 2021 annual averages State Total Women Men Women's Number of workers (in thousands) United States Alabama Alaska Arizona Median weekly earnings Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median earnings as a percentage of men's 114,316 $998 $2 51,388 $912 $3 62,928 $1,097 $5 83.1 1,693 901 13 772 788 20 921 1,011 22 77.9 249 1,104 22 112 967 27 137 1,223 30 79.1 2,595 977 14 1,115 860 15 1,479 1,068 28 80.5 Arkansas 1,003 859 15 462 800 19 541 918 24 87.1 California 12,875 1,111 12 5,559 1,020 15 7,316 1,157 10 88.2 Colorado 2,086 1,142 17 888 1,035 31 1,198 1,212 30 85.4 Connecticut 1,230 1,205 41 570 1,089 44 660 1,272 67 85.6 Delaware 370 952 18 177 894 23 193 987 13 90.6 District of Columbia 323 1,710 42 163 1,565 29 160 1,880 29 83.2 Florida 7,536 896 8 3,465 818 10 4,071 956 12 85.6 Georgia 3,779 926 15 1,770 855 17 2,009 992 20 86.2 Hawaii 448 952 20 204 880 29 244 1,018 29 86.4 Idaho 633 893 11 257 796 11 376 979 18 81.3 Illinois 4,451 1,084 18 2,040 968 17 2,410 1,200 25 80.7 Indiana 2,390 955 18 1,033 859 27 1,357 1,079 44 79.6 Iowa 1,179 924 17 532 840 33 648 1,013 38 82.9 Kansas 1,070 941 23 481 846 17 588 1,065 27 79.4 Kentucky 1,463 878 17 656 820 20 808 928 25 88.4 Louisiana 1,479 889 18 707 783 20 772 1,002 24 78.1 Maine 450 975 21 202 903 26 247 1,070 32 84.4 Maryland 2,297 1,204 34 1,087 1,134 27 1,210 1,328 45 85.4 Massachusetts 2,626 1,279 29 1,204 1,157 16 1,421 1,386 28 83.5 Michigan 3,292 1,042 19 1,497 910 15 1,795 1,195 25 76.2 Minnesota 2,110 1,116 26 906 997 21 1,205 1,231 22 81.0 949 785 15 464 722 17 486 864 32 83.6 Missouri 2,199 933 15 1,034 845 22 1,165 1,013 21 83.4 Montana 343 905 15 151 822 19 192 997 20 82.4 Mississippi Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico 738 957 16 333 871 19 405 1,049 22 83.0 1,034 882 14 462 828 16 571 937 21 88.4 530 1,107 21 237 963 20 293 1,262 38 76.3 3,179 1,206 26 1,417 1,075 27 1,763 1,352 20 79.5 642 899 19 289 801 30 353 990 27 80.9 New York 6,504 1,093 17 3,000 979 15 3,504 1,174 18 83.4 North Carolina 3,620 883 14 1,695 803 15 1,925 954 17 84.2 290 953 16 127 848 22 163 1,067 23 79.5 Ohio 4,036 966 10 1,813 872 15 2,223 1,070 24 81.5 Oklahoma 1,324 838 19 582 738 16 741 952 25 77.5 Oregon 1,445 1,051 17 624 967 26 821 1,128 31 85.7 Pennsylvania 4,409 1,042 16 1,992 925 17 2,417 1,145 18 80.8 Rhode Island 382 1,115 26 178 1,058 27 204 1,156 27 91.5 North Dakota South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas 1,797 875 18 837 756 19 960 964 19 78.4 325 905 13 145 809 15 181 976 17 82.9 2,405 885 12 1,105 781 24 1,300 976 28 80.0 10,370 948 10 4,517 869 12 5,853 1,016 11 85.5 Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Utah 1,115 940 16 442 825 18 674 1,106 29 74.6 213 1,009 14 101 945 30 112 1,086 36 87.0 Virginia 3,184 1,106 25 1,528 994 27 1,656 1,237 23 80.4 Washington 2,741 1,139 20 1,202 1,024 26 1,538 1,237 35 82.8 Vermont West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 582 867 17 265 756 13 317 989 18 76.4 2,140 1,004 16 904 950 13 1,236 1,063 28 89.4 193 969 24 85 822 24 108 1,093 26 75.2 Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution. Data shown are based on workers' state of residence; workers' reported earnings, however, may or may not be from a job located in the same state. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected demographic characteristics, 2021 annual averages [–] Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Women Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Median weekly earnings Men Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Standard error of median Age Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 21,877 $317 $1 14,182 $320 $2 7,695 $311 $2 102.9 7,665 255 2 3,560 213 3 4,346 251 3 3,320 260 4 96.5 1,967 213 4 1,593 214 4 99.5 20 to 24 years 4,105 292 3 2,378 285 3 1,727 302 4 94.4 25 years and older 14,212 375 3 9,836 373 3 4,375 378 5 98.7 25 to 34 years 3,622 369 5 2,381 371 6 1,241 364 10 101.9 35 to 44 years 2,773 394 5 2,062 392 6 711 399 10 98.2 45 to 54 years 2,489 401 6 1,939 395 6 550 425 14 92.9 55 to 64 years 2,879 377 6 2,066 377 6 813 375 12 100.5 65 years and older 2,449 316 5 1,388 300 7 1,060 347 13 86.5 Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity 17,021 317 2 11,090 321 2 5,931 309 3 103.9 Black or African American 2,572 302 4 1,646 307 5 926 295 6 104.1 Asian 1,329 363 9 846 354 11 483 378 9 93.7 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 3,878 317 3 2,419 317 4 1,459 316 5 100.3 11,081 281 2 6,276 279 2 4,805 283 3 98.6 Married, spouse present(1) 7,995 397 3 5,809 394 4 2,186 406 7 97.0 Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 2,800 334 5 2,097 331 6 704 343 12 96.5 White Marital Status Never married Widowed 586 296 8 478 298 9 108 290 17 102.8 Divorced 1,603 352 7 1,177 346 8 426 367 12 94.3 612 331 10 442 336 9 170 314 14 107.0 Separated(2) Footnotes (1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [–] Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked, 2021 annual averages Total Hours of work Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Women Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Men Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Total Hours of work Total, 16 years and older 0 to 34 hours Number of workers (in thousands) Women Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings Men Number of workers (in thousands) Standard error of median Median weekly earnings 136,393 $886 $2 65,654 $771 Median weekly earnings $3 70,739 $997 Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Standard error of median $3 77.3 20,238 320 2 13,151 324 2 7,087 313 3 103.5 0 to 4 hours 488 74 4 303 70 3 185 97 19 72.2 5 to 9 hours 1,076 109 2 711 108 2 364 110 4 98.2 10 to 14 hours 1,720 156 2 1,106 158 3 614 154 4 102.6 15 to 19 hours 2,418 224 2 1,549 229 3 869 215 4 106.5 20 to 24 hours 6,035 302 2 3,918 307 2 2,117 295 3 104.1 25 to 29 hours 3,021 373 3 2,003 374 4 1,018 372 6 100.5 30 to 34 hours 5,481 467 4 3,561 472 4 1,920 458 6 103.1 109,693 1,004 2 49,441 918 3 60,252 1,106 5 83.0 7,359 650 6 4,811 666 6 2,547 616 6 108.1 35 hours and over 35 to 39 hours 40 hours 82,240 945 3 37,942 885 3 44,298 1,006 4 88.0 41 hours and over 20,095 1,470 8 6,688 1,376 12 13,407 1,525 9 90.2 41 to 44 hours 990 1,036 23 429 960 31 560 1,090 22 88.1 45 to 48 hours 5,614 1,313 17 2,035 1,273 25 3,579 1,330 17 95.7 49 to 59 hours 9,267 1,545 9 2,988 1,461 20 6,279 1,572 15 92.9 60 hours and over 4,224 1,704 32 1,235 1,503 35 2,989 1,773 28 84.8 Hours vary 6,462 611 8 3,061 494 8 3,400 763 18 64.7 Usually less than 35 hours 1,639 276 6 1,030 273 8 608 281 9 97.2 Usually 35 or more hours 4,623 818 16 1,947 680 17 2,676 939 17 72.4 Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full-time and part-time workers. Estimates for the "hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2021 annual averages [In thousands] [–] Number of workers by usual weekly earnings Characteristic Total employed Under $350.00 $350.00 to $499.99 $500.00 to $599.99 $600.00 to $749.99 $750.00 to $999.99 $1,000.00 to $1,199.99 $2,000.00 or more $1,200.00 to $1,999.99 Age Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 114,316 2,910 7,717 8,265 16,238 20,868 12,913 27,624 17,782 10,392 731 1,867 1,658 2,710 1,762 694 816 153 1,569 215 455 273 348 166 45 52 15 8,823 516 1,413 1,386 2,362 1,596 649 764 138 25 years and older 103,924 2,179 5,850 6,607 13,529 19,106 12,219 26,808 17,628 25 to 34 years 28,697 614 1,991 2,206 4,547 6,202 3,725 6,575 2,837 35 to 44 years 26,449 483 1,315 1,526 3,213 4,609 3,001 7,177 5,124 45 to 54 years 24,317 474 1,190 1,388 2,819 4,030 2,748 6,658 5,010 55 to 64 years 19,292 377 967 1,105 2,266 3,413 2,159 5,205 3,800 65 years and older 5,169 231 386 381 683 851 586 1,193 858 Women, 16 years and older 51,388 1,570 4,282 4,505 8,137 9,938 5,886 11,186 5,885 4,655 364 955 788 1,176 764 278 271 59 645 103 219 121 122 42 22 10 7 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 4,010 261 736 667 1,054 722 256 261 53 25 years and older 46,733 1,206 3,327 3,717 6,961 9,173 5,608 10,915 5,825 Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Number of workers by usual weekly earnings Characteristic Total employed Under $350.00 $350.00 to $499.99 $500.00 to $599.99 $600.00 to $749.99 $750.00 to $999.99 $1,000.00 to $1,199.99 $1,200.00 to $1,999.99 $2,000.00 or more 25 to 34 years 12,814 330 1,014 1,151 2,212 2,772 1,689 2,611 1,035 35 to 44 years 11,678 267 752 845 1,615 2,271 1,358 2,904 1,668 45 to 54 years 11,179 254 746 835 1,520 2,028 1,362 2,771 1,664 55 to 64 years 8,838 230 591 670 1,300 1,689 973 2,158 1,228 65 years and older 2,224 125 223 216 315 414 226 473 230 62,928 1,340 3,435 3,760 8,101 10,930 7,027 16,438 11,897 5,737 368 912 870 1,533 998 416 545 94 924 113 235 152 226 124 24 42 9 Men, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 4,813 255 677 719 1,307 874 393 503 85 25 years and older 57,191 973 2,523 2,889 6,568 9,932 6,611 15,893 11,803 25 to 34 years 15,883 283 977 1,055 2,336 3,430 2,036 3,964 1,802 35 to 44 years 14,771 216 563 681 1,599 2,338 1,644 4,274 3,456 45 to 54 years 13,138 220 444 553 1,300 2,002 1,386 3,887 3,346 55 to 64 years 10,453 147 376 435 966 1,724 1,185 3,048 2,572 2,946 106 163 165 367 437 360 720 627 65 years and older Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White Women Men Black or African American 87,738 2,074 5,495 5,884 12,127 16,151 10,085 22,002 13,919 38,356 1,122 3,033 3,166 5,984 7,570 4,448 8,604 4,429 49,382 952 2,463 2,718 6,143 8,581 5,638 13,399 9,489 14,740 584 1,518 1,638 2,660 2,805 1,529 2,737 1,269 Women 7,641 309 860 931 1,419 1,429 815 1,325 553 Men 7,099 276 658 706 1,241 1,375 715 1,411 716 Asian 7,780 132 354 389 796 1,081 783 2,127 2,118 3,520 75 206 227 413 550 386 937 727 Women Men Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Women Men 4,259 57 149 161 383 531 397 1,190 1,391 20,841 754 2,260 2,253 4,292 4,048 2,081 3,549 1,603 8,372 387 1,094 1,107 1,801 1,520 734 1,207 523 12,469 367 1,167 1,147 2,491 2,528 1,347 2,342 1,080 Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by marital status and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2021 annual averages [–] Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median Women Total, all marital statuses With children under 18 years old With children 6 to 17, none younger 51,388 $912 $3 17,051 939 5 10,398 946 7 With children under 6 years old 6,653 926 9 With no children under 18 years old 34,338 899 4 25,173 1,010 5 11,416 1,049 8 Total, married, spouse present(1) With children under 18 years old Footnotes (1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. (2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent. Note: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median weekly earnings Standard error of median With children 6 to 17, none younger 6,789 1,038 11 With children under 6 years old 4,628 1,063 12 With no children under 18 years old 13,756 980 6 26,216 817 4 5,634 752 6 With children 6 to 17, none younger 3,609 798 10 With children under 6 years old 2,025 683 9 With no children under 18 years old 20,581 840 5 62,928 1,097 5 20,955 1,240 7 Total, other marital statuses(2) With children under 18 years old Men Total, all marital statuses With children under 18 years old With children 6 to 17, none younger 11,505 1,289 13 With children under 6 years old 9,450 1,173 11 With no children under 18 years old 41,973 1,019 4 34,873 1,282 7 18,045 1,317 10 10,004 1,352 11 With children under 6 years old 8,041 1,264 12 With no children under 18 years old 16,828 1,259 7 28,055 898 4 2,910 905 11 1,501 995 15 Total, married, spouse present(1) With children under 18 years old With children 6 to 17, none younger Total, other marital statuses(2) With children under 18 years old With children 6 to 17, none younger With children under 6 years old 1,409 817 13 With no children under 18 years old 25,145 897 4 Footnotes (1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. (2) Includes people who are never married; widowed; divorced; separated; and married, spouse absent. Note: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [–] Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics, 2021 annual averages Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Median hourly earnings Women Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median hourly earnings Men Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median hourly earnings Standard error of median Women's earnings as a percentage of men's Age Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 76,125 $17.02 $0.02 38,036 $16.02 $0.03 38,089 $18.05 $0.03 88.8 15,153 13.80 0.04 7,608 13.15 0.04 7,544 14.18 0.06 92.7 16 to 19 years 4,776 12.06 0.04 2,467 11.90 0.05 2,309 12.25 0.11 97.1 20 to 24 years 10,377 14.76 0.06 5,142 14.06 0.05 5,235 14.93 0.03 94.2 25 years and older 60,973 18.22 0.04 30,428 17.16 0.04 30,545 19.84 0.02 86.5 25 to 34 years 18,352 17.65 0.08 8,661 16.81 0.08 9,691 18.18 0.07 92.5 Footnotes (1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. (3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region. (4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total Characteristic Number of workers (in thousands) Women Median hourly earnings Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median hourly earnings 35 to 44 years 14,137 18.97 0.08 6,885 17.81 45 to 54 years 12,826 19.12 0.10 6,632 55 to 64 years 11,524 19.21 0.16 6,047 4,134 16.47 0.24 2,203 White 58,021 17.22 0.05 Black or African American 11,019 15.81 0.08 65 years and older Men Standard error of median Number of workers (in thousands) Median hourly earnings Standard error of median Women's earnings as a percentage of men's 0.10 7,251 20.07 0.05 88.7 17.80 0.11 6,194 20.74 0.25 85.8 17.42 0.19 5,477 21.00 0.16 83.0 15.80 0.20 1,931 17.64 0.36 89.6 28,366 16.11 0.03 29,656 18.48 0.09 87.2 6,010 15.22 0.07 5,009 16.12 0.07 94.4 Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity Asian 3,809 17.89 0.10 2,044 16.84 0.22 1,766 19.05 0.26 88.4 16,998 16.05 0.04 7,534 15.15 0.03 9,464 17.03 0.07 89.0 Never married 32,653 15.13 0.01 15,475 14.90 0.02 17,178 15.82 0.06 94.2 Married, spouse present(1) 31,762 19.63 0.09 15,492 17.89 0.05 16,270 20.84 0.13 85.8 Widowed, divorced, or separated(2) 11,710 17.50 0.13 7,069 16.59 0.14 4,641 19.24 0.22 86.2 Widowed 1,474 16.16 0.18 1,121 15.75 0.29 353 18.12 0.34 86.9 Divorced 7,425 18.19 0.12 4,413 17.18 0.12 3,011 19.98 0.08 86.0 Separated(2) 2,812 16.21 0.17 1,535 15.24 0.17 1,277 17.52 0.34 87.0 Members of unions(4) 7,901 22.75 0.22 3,118 20.55 0.31 4,783 24.19 0.32 85.0 Represented by unions(5) 8,818 22.17 0.14 3,550 20.20 0.20 5,268 23.80 0.29 84.9 67,307 16.53 0.05 34,486 15.76 0.05 32,821 17.47 0.08 90.2 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Marital Status Union Affiliation(3) Not represented by a union Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and older 60,973 18.22 0.04 30,428 17.16 0.04 30,545 19.84 0.02 86.5 Less than a high school diploma 5,630 15.03 0.03 2,183 13.79 0.08 3,447 16.07 0.08 85.8 High school graduates, no college 20,572 17.22 0.06 8,790 15.41 0.10 11,782 19.12 0.09 80.6 19,476 18.44 0.11 10,370 17.18 0.06 9,107 20.10 0.05 85.5 15,295 22.87 0.18 9,086 22.19 0.19 6,209 23.83 0.32 93.1 Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher Footnotes (1) Includes people in both opposite-sex and same-sex marriages. (2) Separated includes people who are married, spouse absent. (3) Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of workers by occupation, industry, and geographic region. (4) Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. (5) Data refer to both union members and workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected demographic characteristics, 2021 annual averages [In thousands] [–] Number of workers by hourly earnings Characteristic Total employed $6.00 to $7.99 Under $6.00 $8.00 to $9.99 $10.00 to $11.99 $12.00 to $14.99 $15.00 to $19.99 $20.00 or more Age Total, 16 years and older 76,125 711 597 2,639 6,464 13,315 23,953 28,446 Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Number of workers by hourly earnings Characteristic 16 to 24 years Total employed $6.00 to $7.99 Under $6.00 $10.00 to $11.99 $8.00 to $9.99 $12.00 to $14.99 $15.00 to $19.99 $20.00 or more 15,153 292 318 1,219 2,605 4,346 4,919 1,454 16 to 19 years 4,776 83 177 677 1,158 1,482 1,046 152 20 to 24 years 10,377 209 141 542 1,447 2,863 3,873 1,302 25 years and older 60,973 420 279 1,420 3,859 8,969 19,034 26,992 25 to 34 years 18,352 196 108 436 1,264 2,944 6,329 7,075 35 to 44 years 14,137 86 46 283 808 1,833 4,440 6,641 45 to 54 years 12,826 72 37 241 686 1,778 3,857 6,156 55 to 64 years 11,524 50 55 243 680 1,655 3,263 5,578 65 years and older 4,134 15 34 217 421 760 1,145 1,542 Women, 16 years and older 38,036 494 327 1,584 3,795 7,626 12,138 12,071 7,608 214 193 674 1,439 2,276 2,228 584 2,467 55 109 371 634 791 454 52 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 5,142 159 83 304 805 1,484 1,774 532 25 years and older 30,428 280 134 910 2,356 5,350 9,910 11,487 25 to 34 years 8,661 140 39 247 685 1,542 3,096 2,912 35 to 44 years 6,885 58 24 197 509 1,096 2,241 2,760 45 to 54 years 6,632 50 16 173 461 1,158 2,101 2,673 55 to 64 years 6,047 25 36 156 441 1,099 1,875 2,414 65 years and older Men, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2,203 6 19 137 260 455 597 728 38,089 217 270 1,055 2,669 5,688 11,815 16,375 7,544 78 125 545 1,166 2,070 2,691 870 2,309 28 68 306 524 691 592 100 20 to 24 years 5,235 50 57 239 642 1,379 2,099 770 25 years and older 30,545 139 145 510 1,503 3,619 9,124 15,505 25 to 34 years 9,691 56 69 189 579 1,401 3,233 4,163 35 to 44 years 7,251 28 22 86 299 737 2,199 3,881 45 to 54 years 6,194 22 21 68 225 620 1,756 3,483 55 to 64 years 5,477 24 18 87 239 556 1,389 3,164 65 years and older 1,931 9 15 80 162 305 548 814 Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity 58,021 545 443 1,829 4,772 9,888 17,915 22,629 Women 28,366 385 252 1,086 2,776 5,664 9,030 9,173 Men 29,656 159 191 744 1,996 4,224 8,886 13,456 11,019 88 106 595 1,184 2,245 3,790 3,011 White Black or African American Women 6,010 54 54 362 707 1,286 1,955 1,592 Men 5,009 34 52 233 477 960 1,835 1,419 Asian 3,809 30 19 93 241 604 1,178 1,644 Women 2,044 24 8 58 147 376 641 790 Men 1,766 6 12 35 94 228 537 854 16,998 143 136 571 1,482 3,391 6,129 5,146 Women 7,534 94 73 339 806 1,764 2,738 1,721 Men 9,464 49 63 232 675 1,627 3,392 3,426 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, by selected demographic characteristics, 2021 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] [–] Characteristic Workers paid hourly rates Total Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage Below prevailing federal minimum wage Percentage of workers paid hourly rates Number Age Total, 16 years and older 76,125 910 181 1,091 1.4 15,153 373 111 484 3.2 16 to 19 years 4,776 128 62 190 4.0 20 to 24 years 10,377 244 50 294 2.8 25 years and older 60,973 538 70 607 1.0 25 to 34 years 18,352 250 18 268 1.5 35 to 44 years 14,137 106 11 117 0.8 45 to 54 years 12,826 88 9 97 0.8 55 to 64 years 16 to 24 years 11,524 74 17 91 0.8 65 years and older 4,134 20 14 34 0.8 Women, 16 years and older 38,036 599 94 693 1.8 7,608 264 61 325 4.3 2,467 85 33 118 4.8 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 5,142 179 28 207 4.0 25 years and older 30,428 335 34 368 1.2 25 to 34 years 8,661 164 4 169 1.9 35 to 44 years 6,885 70 4 74 1.1 45 to 54 years 6,632 54 5 59 0.9 55 to 64 years 6,047 39 11 50 0.8 65 years and older Men, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 2,203 8 9 17 0.8 38,089 311 87 398 1.0 7,544 108 51 159 2.1 2,309 43 29 72 3.1 20 to 24 years 5,235 66 22 87 1.7 25 years and older 30,545 203 36 239 0.8 25 to 34 years 9,691 86 14 100 1.0 35 to 44 years 7,251 36 7 43 0.6 45 to 54 years 6,194 34 4 38 0.6 55 to 64 years 5,477 35 6 41 0.7 65 years and older 1,931 12 5 18 0.9 Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity 58,021 706 127 832 1.4 Women 28,366 477 62 539 1.9 Men 29,656 229 64 293 1.0 11,019 112 34 146 1.3 White Black or African American Women 6,010 63 21 84 1.4 Men 5,009 49 13 62 1.2 Asian 3,809 34 9 44 1.1 2,044 24 4 29 1.4 Women Footnotes (1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Men 1,766 10 5 15 0.8 16,998 194 33 226 1.3 Women 7,534 125 11 137 1.8 Men 9,464 69 21 90 0.9 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Full- and Part-time Status(1) Full-time workers 58,259 473 47 520 0.9 Women 26,432 297 20 318 1.2 Men 31,827 175 27 202 0.6 17,757 433 134 567 3.2 11,552 300 74 374 3.2 6,205 133 60 193 3.1 Part-time workers Women Men Footnotes (1) The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. Note: See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all race groups. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage, 1979–2021 annual averages [Numbers in thousands] [–] Workers paid hourly rates Year Total wage and salary workers Total Percentage of total wage and salary workers Below prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Number Percentage of workers paid hourly rates Total 1979 87,529 51,721 59.1 2,916 3,997 6,912 13.4 1980 87,644 51,335 58.6 3,087 4,686 7,773 15.1 1981 88,516 51,869 58.6 3,513 4,311 7,824 15.1 1982 87,368 50,846 58.2 2,348 4,148 6,496 12.8 1983 88,290 51,820 58.7 2,077 4,261 6,338 12.2 1984 92,194 54,143 58.7 1,838 4,125 5,963 11.0 1985 94,521 55,762 59.0 1,639 3,899 5,538 9.9 1986 96,903 57,529 59.4 1,599 3,461 5,060 8.8 1987 99,303 59,552 60.0 1,468 3,229 4,698 7.9 1988 101,407 60,878 60.0 1,319 2,608 3,927 6.5 1989 103,480 62,389 60.3 1,372 1,790 3,162 5.1 1990 104,876 63,172 60.2 2,132 1,096 3,228 5.1 1991 103,723 62,627 60.4 2,377 2,906 5,283 8.4 1992 104,668 63,610 60.8 1,939 2,982 4,921 7.7 1993 106,101 64,274 60.6 1,707 2,625 4,332 6.7 1994 107,989 66,549 61.6 1,995 2,132 4,128 6.2 1995 110,038 68,354 62.1 1,699 1,956 3,656 5.3 1996 111,960 69,255 61.9 1,863 1,861 3,724 5.4 1997 114,533 70,735 61.8 2,990 1,764 4,754 6.7 1998 116,730 71,440 61.2 2,834 1,593 4,427 6.2 1999 118,963 72,306 60.8 2,194 1,146 3,340 4.6 Footnotes (1) Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years. Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Workers paid hourly rates Year Total wage and salary workers Total Percentage of total wage and salary workers Below prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Number Percentage of workers paid hourly rates 2000 122,089 73,496 60.2 1,752 898 2,650 3.6 2001 122,229 73,392 60.0 1,518 656 2,174 3.0 2002 121,826 72,508 59.5 1,579 567 2,146 3.0 2003 122,358 72,946 59.6 1,555 545 2,100 2.9 2004 123,554 73,939 59.8 1,483 520 2,003 2.7 2005 125,889 75,609 60.1 1,403 479 1,882 2.5 2006 128,237 76,514 59.7 1,283 409 1,692 2.2 2007 129,767 75,873 58.5 1,462 267 1,729 2.3 2008 129,377 75,305 58.2 1,940 286 2,226 3.0 2009 124,490 72,611 58.3 2,592 980 3,572 4.9 2010 124,073 72,902 58.8 2,541 1,820 4,361 6.0 2011 125,187 73,926 59.1 2,152 1,677 3,829 5.2 2012 127,577 75,276 59.0 1,984 1,566 3,550 4.7 2013 129,110 75,948 58.8 1,768 1,532 3,301 4.3 2014 131,431 77,207 58.7 1,737 1,255 2,992 3.9 2015 133,743 78,232 58.5 1,691 870 2,561 3.3 2016 136,101 79,883 58.7 1,451 701 2,153 2.7 2017 137,890 80,439 58.3 1,282 542 1,824 2.3 2018 140,099 81,915 58.5 1,276 434 1,711 2.1 2019 141,737 82,289 58.1 1,211 392 1,603 1.9 2020 132,174 73,305 55.5 865 247 1,112 1.5 2021 136,393 76,125 55.8 910 181 1,091 1.4 1979 38,129 23,329 61.2 2,070 2,644 4,714 20.2 1980 38,944 23,626 60.7 2,104 2,990 5,095 21.6 1981 39,672 24,294 61.2 2,394 2,778 5,172 21.3 1982 39,777 24,365 61.3 1,651 2,561 4,212 17.3 1983 40,433 24,989 61.8 1,492 2,603 4,095 16.4 1984 42,172 26,003 61.7 1,348 2,499 3,847 14.8 1985 43,506 26,869 61.8 1,198 2,356 3,554 13.2 1986 44,961 27,863 62.0 1,192 2,125 3,317 11.9 Women 1987 46,365 29,078 62.7 1,105 1,946 3,051 10.5 1988 47,495 29,820 62.8 1,008 1,542 2,550 8.6 1989 48,691 30,702 63.1 994 1,056 2,050 6.7 1990 49,323 31,069 63.0 1,420 711 2,131 6.9 1991 49,105 30,988 63.1 1,582 1,792 3,374 10.9 1992 49,842 31,454 63.1 1,286 1,751 3,036 9.7 1993 50,626 31,937 63.1 1,133 1,534 2,667 8.4 1994 51,419 33,021 64.2 1,322 1,241 2,563 7.8 1995 52,369 33,934 64.8 1,157 1,161 2,318 6.8 1996 53,488 34,418 64.3 1,244 1,106 2,350 6.8 Footnotes (1) Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years. Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Workers paid hourly rates Year Total wage and salary workers Total Percentage of total wage and salary workers Below prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Percentage of workers paid hourly rates Number 1997 54,708 35,214 64.4 1,843 1,092 2,935 8.3 1998 55,757 35,680 64.0 1,794 965 2,760 7.7 1999 57,050 36,233 63.5 1,426 700 2,126 5.9 2000 58,427 36,777 62.9 1,170 579 1,749 4.8 2001 58,582 36,848 62.9 1,021 409 1,430 3.9 2002 58,555 36,508 62.3 997 350 1,347 3.7 2003 59,122 37,093 62.7 1,062 332 1,394 3.8 2004 59,408 37,133 62.5 1,013 310 1,323 3.6 2005 60,423 37,957 62.8 944 290 1,234 3.3 2006 61,426 38,321 62.4 861 263 1,124 2.9 2007 62,299 38,082 61.1 1,002 181 1,183 3.1 2008 62,532 37,972 60.7 1,302 196 1,498 3.9 2009 60,951 37,426 61.4 1,603 612 2,215 5.9 2010 60,542 37,404 61.8 1,598 1,151 2,749 7.3 2011 60,502 37,469 61.9 1,366 1,029 2,395 6.4 2012 61,679 38,163 61.9 1,288 999 2,287 6.0 2013 62,316 38,404 61.6 1,148 910 2,058 5.4 2014 63,383 38,802 61.2 1,139 739 1,878 4.8 2015 64,445 39,500 61.3 1,062 540 1,602 4.1 2016 65,512 40,315 61.5 952 432 1,384 3.4 2017 66,421 40,658 61.2 829 316 1,146 2.8 2018 67,467 41,223 61.1 812 267 1,078 2.6 2019 68,388 41,372 60.5 800 268 1,067 2.6 2020 63,462 36,513 57.5 607 136 742 2.0 2021 65,654 38,036 57.9 599 94 693 1.8 1979 49,400 28,392 57.5 846 1,353 2,199 7.7 1980 48,700 27,709 56.9 983 1,696 2,678 9.7 1981 48,844 27,576 56.5 1,119 1,533 2,652 9.6 1982 47,591 26,481 55.6 697 1,587 2,284 8.6 1983 47,856 26,831 56.1 585 1,658 2,243 8.4 Men 1984 50,022 28,140 56.3 490 1,626 2,116 7.5 1985 51,015 28,893 56.6 440 1,544 1,984 6.9 1986 51,942 29,666 57.1 408 1,336 1,743 5.9 1987 52,938 30,474 57.6 364 1,283 1,647 5.4 1988 53,912 31,058 57.6 311 1,066 1,377 4.4 1989 54,789 31,687 57.8 379 733 1,112 3.5 1990 55,553 32,104 57.8 712 385 1,097 3.4 1991 54,618 31,639 57.9 795 1,114 1,909 6.0 1992 54,826 32,155 58.6 653 1,231 1,885 5.9 1993 55,475 32,337 58.3 573 1,091 1,664 5.1 Footnotes (1) Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years. Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Workers paid hourly rates Year Total wage and salary workers Percentage of total wage and salary workers Total Below prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage At prevailing federal minimum wage(1) Percentage of workers paid hourly rates Number 1994 56,570 33,528 59.3 674 891 1,565 4.7 1995 57,669 34,420 59.7 542 796 1,338 3.9 1996 58,473 34,838 59.6 619 755 1,374 3.9 1997 59,825 35,521 59.4 1,147 673 1,820 5.1 1998 60,973 35,761 58.7 1,039 628 1,667 4.7 1999 61,914 36,073 58.3 768 446 1,214 3.4 2000 63,662 36,720 57.7 582 319 901 2.5 2001 63,647 36,544 57.4 497 247 744 2.0 2002 63,272 36,000 56.9 582 217 799 2.2 2003 63,236 35,853 56.7 493 213 706 2.0 2004 64,145 36,806 57.4 470 210 680 1.8 2005 65,466 37,652 57.5 459 189 648 1.7 2006 66,811 38,193 57.2 422 146 568 1.5 2007 67,468 37,790 56.0 460 86 546 1.4 2008 66,846 37,334 55.9 638 90 728 1.9 2009 63,539 35,185 55.4 990 368 1,358 3.9 2010 63,531 35,498 55.9 943 669 1,612 4.5 2011 64,686 36,457 56.4 785 648 1,433 3.9 2012 65,898 37,113 56.3 696 567 1,263 3.4 2013 66,794 37,544 56.2 621 622 1,243 3.3 2014 68,048 38,405 56.4 598 516 1,114 2.9 2015 69,298 38,732 55.9 629 330 959 2.5 2016 70,589 39,568 56.1 499 270 769 1.9 2017 71,469 39,781 55.7 452 226 678 1.7 2018 72,632 40,691 56.0 464 168 632 1.6 2019 73,349 40,918 55.8 411 125 536 1.3 2020 68,711 36,792 53.5 258 111 369 1.0 2021 70,739 38,089 53.8 311 87 398 1.0 Footnotes (1) Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years. Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. See the technical notes section for information about the federal minimum wage level and estimating the number of minimum wage workers. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [–] Table 12. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2021 Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1979 62.3 78.6 85.2 76.3 62.1 67.5 58.3 56.8 60.6 77.6 1980 64.2 80.3 89.5 78.1 62.8 69.4 58.3 56.9 59.4 76.4 1981 64.4 82.6 91.7 80.6 62.6 70.3 59.9 56.8 58.9 71.1 1982 65.7 85.3 92.9 82.4 64.9 72.1 61.1 60.1 61.4 70.3 1983 66.5 88.8 94.0 85.5 65.8 73.3 61.5 59.5 61.8 68.8 1984 67.6 87.9 93.1 85.2 67.1 74.6 62.0 59.4 61.5 66.8 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year 16 to 24 years Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1985 68.1 87.6 90.7 85.7 66.8 75.1 63.0 59.7 61.0 65.9 1986 69.5 89.0 91.4 87.5 66.5 76.1 63.9 60.9 61.2 71.5 1987 69.8 88.3 87.8 88.0 67.3 76.7 66.1 62.3 62.2 68.7 1988 70.2 89.7 89.8 90.0 68.8 77.7 68.5 61.7 62.3 70.9 1989 70.1 90.8 94.3 89.7 70.2 78.3 68.3 62.7 63.9 74.3 1990 71.9 90.1 90.8 90.3 72.1 79.3 69.6 63.8 63.7 74.4 1991 74.2 93.3 93.6 93.3 74.0 81.0 70.7 65.0 64.5 68.3 1992 75.8 94.0 94.0 94.3 74.6 82.0 71.9 65.8 64.9 77.9 1993 77.1 94.8 92.8 95.4 74.8 83.0 73.0 67.4 67.4 74.3 1994 76.4 93.9 92.5 94.5 73.1 82.9 72.6 67.1 66.0 76.2 1995 75.5 90.8 88.1 92.4 72.8 82.2 72.6 67.7 64.7 80.0 1996 75.0 92.5 88.8 92.8 74.1 83.2 73.3 68.9 65.3 70.0 1997 74.4 92.1 91.6 90.5 75.1 82.9 74.0 69.4 64.7 77.0 1998 76.3 91.3 88.6 89.4 75.9 82.9 73.6 70.5 68.1 72.6 1999 76.5 91.0 91.4 90.5 74.4 81.5 71.7 70.0 67.9 78.7 2000 76.9 91.7 92.5 92.7 74.5 82.4 71.6 73.2 69.1 75.1 2001 76.4 90.3 90.3 91.9 75.4 83.0 72.5 73.5 70.5 69.0 2002 77.9 93.9 94.6 93.9 77.6 84.5 75.2 74.6 71.6 73.8 2003 79.4 93.2 93.1 93.9 78.5 86.9 76.1 73.0 72.7 71.1 2004 80.4 93.8 92.1 93.8 78.6 87.8 75.6 72.9 73.0 74.6 2005 81.0 93.2 92.1 93.8 79.4 89.0 75.5 75.5 74.7 76.4 2006 80.8 94.5 87.6 94.9 78.7 88.2 77.2 73.5 72.9 77.5 2007 80.2 92.3 89.1 90.3 78.5 86.9 76.5 74.5 72.8 77.8 2008 79.9 91.1 87.3 92.5 78.2 88.5 74.5 74.9 75.4 74.8 2009 80.2 92.6 90.7 92.9 78.7 88.7 77.4 73.6 75.3 76.1 2010 81.2 95.3 94.6 93.8 80.5 90.8 79.9 76.5 75.2 75.7 2011 82.2 92.5 88.6 93.2 81.0 92.3 78.5 76.0 75.1 80.9 2012 80.9 88.9 88.5 89.0 79.9 90.2 78.1 75.1 76.2 77.6 2013 82.1 88.3 89.7 89.8 81.1 89.4 80.2 76.6 77.1 73.7 2014 82.5 91.5 91.1 92.3 81.6 89.9 81.0 77.2 76.4 78.6 2015 81.1 88.2 89.4 89.7 80.4 89.6 81.8 76.8 73.7 73.8 2016 81.9 94.9 92.6 95.6 80.9 88.8 83.3 77.8 73.7 75.5 2017 81.8 91.2 87.6 90.2 81.3 88.2 81.0 77.5 78.0 77.0 2018 81.1 90.8 89.4 92.2 80.9 87.0 79.6 77.0 75.0 77.2 2019 81.5 89.0 84.4 90.4 80.8 87.8 80.1 77.3 75.5 76.5 2020 82.3 94.7 90.4 93.5 81.2 89.5 81.2 77.5 77.8 80.4 2021 83.1 93.1 88.6 92.3 82.2 90.6 79.9 78.1 77.7 76.8 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 13. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2021 [–] Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian 1979 62.3 61.7 74.4 - 71.7 1980 64.2 63.4 75.8 - 73.5 1981 64.4 63.1 76.9 - 75.7 1982 65.7 64.5 78.1 - 75.5 1983 66.5 65.6 78.9 - 78.5 1984 67.6 66.8 79.5 - 77.7 1985 68.1 67.2 82.6 - 77.7 1986 69.5 67.9 82.8 - 80.6 1987 69.8 68.2 84.4 - 82.0 1988 70.2 68.4 82.8 - 84.4 1989 70.1 69.3 86.5 - 85.4 1990 71.9 71.5 85.3 - 87.4 1991 74.2 73.7 86.1 - 90.4 1992 75.8 75.3 88.2 - 89.1 1993 77.1 76.5 88.8 - 90.5 1994 76.4 74.6 86.5 - 88.9 1995 75.5 73.3 86.4 - 87.1 1996 75.0 73.8 87.9 - 88.8 1997 74.4 74.6 86.8 - 85.7 1998 76.3 76.1 85.5 - 86.4 1999 76.5 75.7 83.8 - 85.7 2000 76.9 75.8 84.1 79.9 87.8 2001 76.4 75.8 85.8 76.9 88.2 2002 77.9 77.9 90.3 74.9 88.0 2003 79.4 79.3 88.5 77.5 88.4 2004 80.4 79.8 88.8 76.4 87.3 2005 81.0 80.2 89.3 80.6 87.7 2006 80.8 80.0 87.8 79.3 87.1 2007 80.2 79.4 88.8 78.1 91.0 2008 79.9 79.3 89.4 78.0 89.6 2009 80.2 79.2 93.7 81.8 89.5 2010 81.2 80.5 93.5 82.6 90.7 2011 82.2 82.1 91.1 77.4 90.7 2012 80.9 80.8 90.1 73.0 88.0 2013 82.1 81.7 91.3 77.3 91.1 2014 82.5 81.8 89.9 77.9 89.0 2015 81.1 80.8 90.4 77.7 89.7 2016 81.9 81.3 89.3 78.4 88.4 2017 81.8 81.9 92.5 74.8 87.4 2018 81.1 81.5 89.0 75.5 85.7 2019 81.5 81.1 91.5 76.7 85.9 2020 82.3 81.5 92.0 79.0 88.5 2021 83.1 82.2 94.1 78.5 87.6 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 23. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 14. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2021 [–] Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher 1979 62.1 60.3 60.1 64.1 66.7 1980 62.8 61.4 61.5 64.5 67.9 1981 62.6 61.2 61.0 65.6 66.9 1982 64.9 62.8 63.1 66.7 68.8 1983 65.8 64.8 63.4 68.2 71.2 1984 67.1 64.9 64.9 68.4 69.4 1985 66.8 64.3 65.8 67.2 70.2 1986 66.5 64.8 66.6 68.0 70.6 1987 67.3 66.0 68.1 69.8 71.4 1988 68.8 66.6 68.2 71.6 71.4 1989 70.2 66.8 67.6 73.3 71.9 1990 72.1 68.8 68.6 72.9 72.2 1991 74.0 71.6 69.8 72.6 73.6 1992 74.6 72.9 70.4 73.3 75.1 1993 74.8 73.9 71.3 73.8 75.8 1994 73.1 75.1 70.8 72.1 76.8 1995 72.8 75.5 70.2 71.6 76.2 1996 74.1 75.1 70.7 73.2 75.2 1997 75.1 75.3 70.7 73.9 75.0 1998 75.9 73.9 70.8 74.0 75.3 1999 74.4 73.4 69.8 73.4 75.7 2000 74.5 74.9 71.1 73.1 74.1 2001 75.4 75.4 72.7 71.9 73.7 2002 77.6 77.2 74.2 74.3 74.2 2003 78.5 76.7 75.5 75.7 73.6 2004 78.6 74.9 75.7 75.8 75.2 2005 79.4 74.9 75.6 76.6 75.7 2006 78.7 76.3 73.7 75.6 75.1 2007 78.5 76.7 74.3 75.2 75.0 2008 78.2 76.1 73.3 75.7 74.3 2009 78.7 76.4 75.7 75.4 73.1 2010 80.5 79.8 76.5 75.5 74.1 2011 81.0 80.9 76.9 76.8 74.9 2012 79.9 76.0 76.3 76.9 73.0 2013 81.1 80.0 78.3 76.6 74.8 2014 81.6 79.1 77.0 75.8 75.7 2015 80.4 80.4 77.2 75.2 74.9 2016 80.9 76.8 77.9 76.8 75.2 2017 81.3 76.5 76.5 76.3 76.4 2018 80.9 77.3 75.2 75.4 75.1 2019 80.8 76.7 75.0 74.4 76.0 2020 81.2 77.9 76.2 75.9 75.4 2021 82.2 80.4 77.2 76.7 76.6 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in table 24. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. [–] Table 15. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2021 Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1979 64.1 81.8 95.0 75.9 58.3 63.3 55.8 54.1 56.9 87.6 1980 64.8 84.1 93.2 77.0 58.7 64.1 54.9 54.4 56.4 89.2 1981 65.1 86.1 96.7 80.0 60.3 66.7 57.5 54.1 56.2 88.1 1982 67.3 86.3 97.0 81.8 62.1 67.7 57.1 55.7 59.0 88.1 1983 69.4 87.2 96.7 84.4 62.9 70.3 57.6 56.7 58.0 87.6 1984 69.8 86.0 96.5 84.5 63.7 71.1 59.0 56.9 59.5 89.0 1985 70.0 85.7 96.3 87.2 64.7 72.4 60.3 57.8 60.4 88.8 1986 70.2 85.8 95.5 86.7 66.0 74.1 61.4 59.0 60.3 91.3 1987 72.1 85.9 93.9 86.1 67.2 74.3 62.9 61.3 62.0 91.2 1988 73.8 89.1 94.4 87.2 68.7 75.6 66.1 61.6 62.4 92.8 1989 75.4 90.7 93.4 86.9 69.8 78.0 67.0 63.4 63.8 87.1 1990 77.9 91.0 93.8 90.1 71.8 79.4 68.7 64.3 66.2 89.6 1991 78.6 91.0 97.9 91.7 73.5 80.4 70.4 65.0 68.9 92.6 1992 80.3 91.3 97.7 92.5 76.0 82.6 73.1 66.1 69.3 92.6 1993 80.4 91.7 97.1 94.2 77.3 83.6 73.1 67.3 69.0 92.1 1994 80.6 90.5 97.0 91.2 78.2 85.5 73.4 69.9 70.7 94.0 1995 80.8 90.9 96.1 89.3 76.1 83.7 72.6 70.8 71.4 94.2 1996 81.2 92.1 97.0 89.6 78.2 83.1 74.6 72.1 72.4 91.6 1997 80.8 92.2 96.6 91.2 78.8 82.7 75.7 72.3 70.5 98.1 1998 81.8 90.3 96.7 89.1 77.9 86.1 77.4 75.0 72.4 93.2 1999 83.8 92.7 96.8 89.9 79.4 83.9 76.9 72.7 76.4 95.4 2000 83.8 91.7 93.8 93.0 80.8 88.3 76.3 73.2 76.8 94.7 2001 85.2 90.5 95.8 89.7 79.2 85.8 75.0 76.1 80.2 90.4 2002 85.0 92.5 96.9 91.3 82.1 85.1 78.7 77.6 80.8 89.3 2003 84.8 93.2 97.6 91.0 83.1 87.5 79.1 79.0 78.4 90.3 2004 84.6 93.9 95.9 91.7 81.7 88.3 78.4 79.1 79.6 92.5 2005 84.8 92.6 96.0 92.4 83.2 89.2 79.6 80.2 80.2 97.8 2006 84.0 90.9 95.7 90.5 83.2 87.6 80.0 76.4 80.6 93.0 2007 84.8 89.3 95.4 90.4 81.7 87.4 81.5 79.6 79.2 92.2 2008 85.4 91.2 96.6 91.6 83.0 87.0 80.5 78.2 81.8 91.6 2009 85.5 93.1 97.1 92.0 84.7 90.6 80.7 77.0 84.5 92.6 2010 86.0 93.6 97.8 91.7 85.6 91.9 82.9 79.9 83.2 93.8 2011 86.8 94.6 97.5 92.5 86.7 92.0 83.8 81.5 82.2 91.5 2012 86.4 93.0 97.9 92.0 86.8 91.5 83.9 81.2 83.1 90.9 2013 86.6 92.3 96.7 94.0 87.5 91.1 84.9 81.2 84.1 94.9 2014 84.6 92.4 96.1 96.3 85.7 87.0 84.6 81.2 81.3 89.2 2015 85.6 95.1 97.5 93.5 87.8 91.0 85.7 84.3 82.1 89.5 2016 87.0 97.7 95.7 91.9 87.6 88.2 85.8 83.0 83.7 88.1 2017 89.2 93.5 97.1 92.6 87.2 92.4 83.4 80.9 81.8 93.0 2018 87.8 93.1 97.6 95.9 84.7 92.2 82.5 80.0 79.9 92.4 2019 88.6 95.0 95.5 92.0 86.3 90.8 83.0 83.0 81.7 93.5 2020 85.7 92.7 93.2 92.2 86.0 90.7 84.3 81.1 84.6 89.7 2021 88.8 92.7 97.1 94.2 86.5 92.5 88.7 85.8 83.0 89.6 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid hourly rates in table 25. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 16. Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2021 [–] Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1979 64.1 62.5 72.6 - 71.8 1980 64.8 63.6 74.9 - 75.1 1981 65.1 63.8 72.1 - 76.4 1982 67.3 66.0 75.2 - 75.6 1983 69.4 68.0 79.2 - 76.1 1984 69.8 68.6 79.1 - 77.0 1985 70.0 67.8 82.0 - 79.4 1986 70.2 68.8 78.7 - 80.8 1987 72.1 70.9 80.1 - 80.2 1988 73.8 72.7 80.8 - 81.1 1989 75.4 74.0 83.2 - 83.0 1990 77.9 75.6 84.5 - 86.1 1991 78.6 76.6 86.5 - 86.9 1992 80.3 78.6 87.1 - 88.3 1993 80.4 78.9 89.6 - 88.6 1994 80.6 79.7 87.5 - 89.3 1995 80.8 78.4 87.3 - 90.9 1996 81.2 79.6 88.0 - 88.8 1997 80.8 80.3 87.5 - 86.3 1998 81.8 81.8 86.9 - 87.6 1999 83.8 82.3 83.2 - 86.6 2000 83.8 83.0 88.8 90.5 87.3 2001 85.2 83.8 89.9 85.1 85.6 2002 85.0 83.8 92.3 91.7 86.1 2003 84.8 84.0 91.7 89.8 88.5 2004 84.6 84.0 91.3 88.8 90.2 2005 84.8 84.2 91.1 91.3 90.1 2006 84.0 83.6 88.5 90.7 87.6 2007 84.8 83.7 90.3 89.5 88.5 2008 85.4 84.5 89.9 87.3 85.1 2009 85.5 84.8 89.7 90.4 84.6 2010 86.0 85.0 92.1 88.0 86.2 2011 86.8 85.9 93.5 89.8 86.8 2012 86.4 85.3 92.0 90.1 85.4 2013 86.6 85.7 94.9 91.6 87.5 2014 84.6 83.3 94.8 90.2 86.6 2015 85.6 85.9 92.4 92.8 85.8 2016 87.0 87.2 92.6 93.6 85.2 2017 89.2 87.8 94.1 85.5 84.1 2018 87.8 86.3 91.6 89.6 85.3 2019 88.6 87.3 93.5 88.8 90.1 2020 85.7 85.2 94.1 91.8 90.4 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year 2021 Total, 16 years and older White 88.8 Black or African American 87.2 Asian 94.4 Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 88.4 89.0 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in table 26. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 17. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2021 annual averages [In constant 2021 dollars] [–] 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older Total 1979 $843 $601 $503 $650 $927 $892 $979 $965 $916 $692 1980 821 586 483 627 897 865 947 934 893 636 1981 814 573 461 610 883 848 934 917 885 636 1982 816 562 443 595 884 841 957 932 878 684 1983 813 548 426 579 891 834 961 953 899 678 1984 811 540 420 575 900 833 968 958 910 677 1985 829 540 419 578 913 841 978 964 918 716 1986 849 548 421 586 924 851 991 983 939 704 1987 856 556 426 593 922 854 995 982 927 709 1988 850 550 433 587 914 845 993 1,000 925 713 1989 844 548 431 584 903 833 998 998 911 706 1990 831 542 421 575 905 821 980 986 921 692 1991 829 539 414 566 909 807 969 986 912 741 1992 835 524 402 550 909 801 954 991 917 717 1993 850 522 396 550 909 807 957 1,004 911 728 1994 848 519 401 544 907 797 975 1,027 909 697 1995 848 517 409 542 903 798 973 1,030 910 688 1996 845 514 414 538 897 798 964 1,024 922 662 1997 850 517 426 542 912 812 978 1,025 943 664 1998 872 532 447 565 953 837 995 1,033 987 675 1999 896 556 458 592 966 845 997 1,064 985 659 2000 909 569 468 604 961 866 986 1,055 978 730 2001 914 575 468 604 966 883 1,008 1,063 979 748 2002 918 576 461 603 976 893 1,009 1,066 1,018 758 2003 916 572 459 594 978 877 1,015 1,068 1,046 762 2004 918 561 445 584 983 869 1,026 1,069 1,043 806 2005 905 552 442 572 968 848 1,017 1,040 1,032 791 2006 904 551 437 570 968 837 1,008 1,042 1,031 786 2007 911 556 442 590 967 843 1,008 1,035 1,052 793 2008 910 559 440 589 960 840 1,014 1,037 1,040 812 2009 935 559 435 587 980 858 1,034 1,061 1,065 866 2010 930 538 432 565 974 849 1,026 1,051 1,071 852 2011 913 531 425 552 963 837 1,011 1,046 1,064 896 2012 908 525 421 548 963 836 1,014 1,038 1,060 895 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 2013 904 529 435 550 964 825 1,019 1,029 2014 906 546 433 562 961 832 1,009 2015 926 557 445 573 984 841 1,030 65 years and older 1,054 934 1,030 1,044 944 1,056 1,061 999 2016 939 565 457 579 999 848 1,054 1,078 1,074 977 2017 950 573 469 597 1,002 854 1,065 1,080 1,076 1,004 2018 956 591 484 621 1,005 872 1,064 1,081 1,072 1,018 2019 971 615 510 633 1,026 896 1,096 1,094 1,077 992 2020 1,030 635 520 653 1,077 947 1,158 1,182 1,148 1,046 2021 998 623 527 645 1,057 931 1,131 1,154 1,132 994 1979 $636 $538 $462 $563 $682 $696 $685 $671 $661 $594 1980 630 524 455 549 668 683 671 655 643 549 1981 628 516 441 547 668 685 682 645 636 542 1982 646 519 427 543 689 697 697 681 662 570 1983 655 514 410 538 696 706 706 686 668 551 1984 659 505 403 530 704 709 726 694 672 545 1985 667 508 400 533 713 713 740 704 687 583 1986 688 518 402 546 728 723 754 728 700 605 1987 693 519 394 554 735 723 771 741 705 597 1988 695 519 406 554 740 722 781 748 700 618 1989 693 520 416 550 742 719 782 755 704 617 1990 698 512 399 542 744 718 786 760 702 605 1991 712 518 399 545 753 722 792 774 706 621 1992 721 507 389 531 759 725 793 791 713 622 Women 1993 728 506 380 535 769 731 806 815 731 620 1994 724 501 383 526 764 721 813 817 722 610 1995 719 487 381 515 758 713 802 821 713 625 1996 721 490 384 514 766 716 798 829 724 576 1997 728 493 405 517 780 721 814 836 731 588 1998 760 508 415 532 808 752 830 860 793 583 1999 772 529 434 560 811 767 821 871 803 604 2000 778 543 446 577 814 778 822 890 801 618 2001 785 541 442 575 833 785 839 900 822 598 2002 799 554 446 582 858 801 863 909 867 650 2003 815 548 442 572 863 806 871 900 888 643 2004 824 540 422 563 862 807 875 899 885 688 2005 814 530 423 551 851 797 864 896 889 684 2006 809 532 411 557 845 786 869 888 887 687 2007 805 536 417 558 847 782 875 887 890 700 2008 805 530 406 561 845 786 860 892 897 710 2009 832 537 409 563 870 803 897 901 920 762 2010 833 526 418 547 877 807 910 909 917 748 2011 826 508 396 529 867 800 886 899 905 802 2012 817 492 390 507 859 787 883 882 905 788 2013 823 493 408 515 862 775 894 887 908 805 2014 824 517 409 536 861 778 895 893 893 848 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 2015 831 515 416 535 871 789 920 914 897 847 2016 845 549 438 564 885 796 947 944 916 845 2017 851 551 444 568 895 800 950 945 946 864 2018 851 563 454 589 895 809 945 945 920 875 2019 870 572 452 596 916 835 975 958 932 863 2020 933 617 486 635 973 892 1,024 1,023 1,000 939 2021 912 605 499 619 954 881 992 1,012 976 867 1979 $1,021 $685 $542 $738 $1,098 $1,031 $1,175 $1,182 $1,091 $766 1980 981 652 508 702 1,063 984 1,150 1,150 1,082 718 1981 974 625 481 679 1,066 974 1,138 1,135 1,080 762 1982 984 608 459 659 1,062 968 1,141 1,132 1,078 811 1983 984 579 436 629 1,057 964 1,148 1,153 1,081 800 Men 1984 975 575 433 622 1,050 950 1,172 1,169 1,092 816 1985 981 581 441 622 1,067 949 1,173 1,178 1,125 884 1986 991 582 440 624 1,095 950 1,180 1,196 1,144 846 1987 993 588 449 629 1,092 943 1,167 1,190 1,133 870 1988 991 578 453 616 1,075 929 1,141 1,212 1,124 872 1989 989 573 442 613 1,057 918 1,146 1,203 1,101 831 1990 970 569 440 601 1,032 905 1,129 1,192 1,101 812 1991 959 554 426 584 1,018 891 1,121 1,191 1,095 909 1992 951 539 414 564 1,017 884 1,102 1,203 1,099 799 1993 944 533 409 561 1,028 881 1,104 1,209 1,085 835 1994 947 534 414 557 1,045 869 1,120 1,218 1,094 800 1995 952 536 432 558 1,041 867 1,104 1,212 1,103 781 1996 960 529 433 553 1,033 860 1,090 1,203 1,109 822 1997 978 535 443 571 1,039 870 1,100 1,204 1,130 764 1998 997 557 468 595 1,065 907 1,128 1,220 1,165 803 1999 1,008 581 475 618 1,090 941 1,145 1,245 1,183 767 2000 1,011 591 483 623 1,093 943 1,148 1,216 1,159 823 2001 1,028 600 489 626 1,104 946 1,156 1,225 1,166 867 2002 1,026 591 471 619 1,106 947 1,147 1,219 1,211 881 2003 1,027 588 474 609 1,099 928 1,145 1,232 1,222 904 2004 1,026 576 458 600 1,096 919 1,157 1,233 1,213 922 2005 1,004 569 459 587 1,072 896 1,143 1,186 1,189 896 2006 1,001 563 469 586 1,074 891 1,127 1,209 1,216 887 2007 1,004 581 468 619 1,079 900 1,144 1,191 1,223 899 2008 1,006 581 465 607 1,081 888 1,154 1,190 1,189 950 2009 1,037 580 451 606 1,105 905 1,159 1,224 1,222 1,001 2010 1,026 552 442 583 1,088 889 1,139 1,188 1,219 989 2011 1,005 550 447 568 1,070 866 1,129 1,182 1,204 992 2012 1,009 553 441 570 1,076 872 1,131 1,175 1,188 1,017 2013 1,002 558 455 573 1,063 867 1,114 1,159 1,178 1,092 2014 998 565 449 581 1,056 865 1,104 1,158 1,170 1,079 2015 1,024 584 466 597 1,084 881 1,125 1,190 1,217 1,148 2016 1,033 578 473 590 1,094 896 1,137 1,213 1,244 1,120 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 2017 1,040 604 507 630 1,101 907 1,173 1,219 1,213 1,123 2018 1,050 620 508 639 1,107 930 1,188 1,227 1,227 1,133 2019 1,067 643 536 660 1,133 950 1,217 1,238 1,235 1,129 2020 1,133 651 537 679 1,198 997 1,262 1,319 1,286 1,168 2021 1,097 650 563 671 1,160 972 1,241 1,295 1,256 1,129 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 18. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2021 annual averages [In constant 2021 dollars] [–] Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total 1979 $843 $867 $696 - $678 1980 821 843 665 - 655 1981 814 834 673 - 639 1982 816 838 662 - 649 1983 813 831 678 - 649 1984 811 836 669 - 644 1985 829 858 667 - 651 1986 849 877 688 - 655 1987 856 879 689 - 652 1988 850 872 693 - 640 1989 844 865 674 - 630 1990 831 855 663 - 613 1991 829 860 677 - 607 1992 835 869 677 - 609 1993 850 880 683 - 613 1994 848 878 673 - 588 1995 848 874 678 - 582 1996 845 872 667 - 584 1997 850 877 676 - 593 1998 872 908 710 - 617 1999 896 935 726 - 628 2000 909 931 748 $970 629 2001 914 936 753 980 640 2002 918 941 752 994 640 2003 916 939 759 1,024 650 2004 918 945 755 1,019 656 2005 905 935 723 1,047 655 2006 904 930 747 1,057 655 2007 911 938 746 1,088 659 2008 910 936 743 1,086 667 2009 935 958 761 1,114 685 2010 930 953 761 1,065 666 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 2011 913 936 743 1,046 663 2012 908 936 734 1,087 671 2013 904 935 733 1,098 674 2014 906 935 732 1,092 680 2015 926 955 733 1,136 691 2016 939 973 765 1,152 704 2017 950 983 754 1,152 724 2018 956 988 749 1,181 734 2019 971 1,001 779 1,244 748 2020 1,030 1,050 831 1,372 794 2021 998 1,018 801 1,328 777 1979 $636 $643 $591 - $549 1980 630 636 580 - 539 1981 628 633 590 - 544 1982 646 654 586 - 549 1983 655 660 603 - 558 1984 659 667 600 - 555 1985 667 677 607 - 554 1986 688 695 624 - 570 1987 693 703 632 - 574 1988 695 702 636 - 574 1989 693 706 636 - 569 1990 698 712 621 - 560 1991 712 726 628 - 568 1992 721 734 636 - 573 1993 728 743 644 - 580 1994 724 740 628 - 554 1995 719 735 628 - 540 1996 721 738 624 - 545 1997 728 750 633 - 537 1998 760 780 667 - 562 1999 772 788 667 - 568 2000 778 792 677 $863 577 2001 785 801 696 863 595 2002 799 826 715 855 600 2003 815 838 725 883 606 2004 824 840 727 882 603 Women 2005 814 829 694 925 597 2006 809 821 699 942 593 2007 805 820 699 958 620 2008 805 825 699 950 632 2009 832 847 737 986 644 2010 833 852 737 963 633 2011 826 849 719 907 626 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 2012 817 839 708 910 616 2013 823 841 706 955 631 2014 824 841 700 963 628 2015 831 850 704 1,003 648 2016 845 865 723 1,018 661 2017 851 878 726 998 666 2018 851 881 706 1,011 666 2019 870 890 746 1,086 680 2020 933 948 800 1,197 738 2021 912 925 776 1,141 718 Men 1979 $1,021 $1,042 $794 - $766 1980 981 1,003 765 - 734 1981 974 1,003 768 - 719 1982 984 1,014 751 - 727 1983 984 1,005 764 - 712 1984 975 998 754 - 714 1985 981 1,007 735 - 713 1986 991 1,024 754 - 707 1987 993 1,030 748 - 700 1988 991 1,026 768 - 680 1989 989 1,019 736 - 666 1990 970 996 728 - 641 1991 959 984 730 - 628 1992 951 975 721 - 643 1993 944 970 726 - 641 1994 947 993 726 - 623 1995 952 1,002 727 - 619 1996 960 1,000 710 - 614 1997 978 1,005 730 - 627 1998 997 1,025 780 - 650 1999 1,008 1,041 796 - 662 2000 1,011 1,044 804 $1,080 658 2001 1,028 1,057 811 1,123 675 2002 1,026 1,060 792 1,142 681 2003 1,027 1,056 820 1,140 685 2004 1,026 1,053 819 1,154 691 2005 1,004 1,033 777 1,147 680 2006 1,001 1,026 796 1,189 681 2007 1,004 1,033 786 1,227 682 2008 1,006 1,040 782 1,218 705 2009 1,037 1,070 786 1,205 720 2010 1,026 1,059 788 1,166 697 2011 1,005 1,034 789 1,171 690 2012 1,009 1,039 786 1,247 700 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 2013 1,002 1,030 774 1,234 692 2014 998 1,027 779 1,237 706 2015 1,024 1,053 778 1,292 722 2016 1,033 1,063 810 1,299 748 2017 1,040 1,073 785 1,334 762 2018 1,050 1,081 793 1,339 777 2019 1,067 1,097 815 1,415 791 2020 1,133 1,162 869 1,515 835 2021 1,097 1,125 825 1,453 820 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 19. Inflation-adjusted median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2021 annual averages [In constant 2021 dollars] [–] Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college Bachelor's degree and higher Total 1979 $927 $734 $871 $986 $1,203 1980 897 696 834 953 1,179 1981 883 688 819 928 1,166 1982 884 670 816 949 1,184 1983 891 665 808 943 1,197 1984 900 654 803 950 1,209 1985 913 651 802 961 1,219 1986 924 657 813 967 1,241 1987 922 650 815 963 1,291 1988 914 636 812 949 1,291 1989 903 628 793 956 1,288 1990 905 611 778 960 1,286 1991 909 597 772 951 1,296 1992 909 590 765 918 1,321 1993 909 581 769 915 1,324 1994 907 557 764 906 1,330 1995 903 547 765 899 1,322 1996 897 547 764 893 1,307 1997 912 542 779 904 1,316 1998 953 562 798 930 1,368 1999 966 564 799 946 1,403 2000 961 571 797 940 1,405 2001 966 586 798 946 1,413 2002 976 586 808 950 1,421 2003 978 585 818 944 1,424 2004 983 577 826 951 1,419 2005 968 569 811 932 1,409 2006 968 565 802 933 1,400 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college Bachelor's degree and higher 2007 967 561 792 923 1,405 2008 960 571 779 910 1,406 2009 980 575 792 919 1,439 2010 974 553 780 914 1,425 2011 963 545 771 893 1,389 2012 963 557 771 885 1,377 2013 964 550 759 872 1,392 2014 961 559 765 872 1,367 2015 984 564 776 872 1,407 2016 999 569 781 879 1,421 2017 1,002 575 787 882 1,413 2018 1,005 597 787 891 1,428 2019 1,026 627 790 907 1,448 2020 1,077 648 818 946 1,488 2021 1,057 626 809 925 1,452 1979 $682 $531 $647 $738 $923 1980 668 514 630 724 909 1981 668 501 622 731 911 Women 1982 689 497 638 741 935 1983 696 506 639 748 958 1984 704 498 644 759 970 1985 713 487 646 764 998 1986 728 492 655 780 1,031 1987 735 490 659 794 1,066 1988 740 488 658 795 1,071 1989 742 488 643 801 1,072 1990 744 484 635 796 1,079 1991 753 486 638 796 1,093 1992 759 486 639 772 1,127 1993 769 487 643 781 1,131 1994 764 466 637 768 1,151 1995 758 464 630 756 1,140 1996 766 462 629 762 1,133 1997 780 465 639 775 1,135 1998 808 472 660 793 1,178 1999 811 473 661 796 1,207 2000 814 479 662 797 1,192 2001 833 485 679 798 1,206 2002 858 491 692 820 1,222 2003 863 486 700 827 1,229 2004 862 481 702 830 1,237 2005 851 474 686 816 1,228 2006 845 482 674 811 1,220 2007 847 484 671 798 1,221 2008 845 477 656 792 1,204 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college Bachelor's degree and higher 2009 870 484 686 797 1,228 2010 877 483 676 795 1,228 2011 867 477 669 779 1,205 2012 859 456 663 779 1,183 2013 862 466 668 766 1,216 2014 861 468 662 757 1,202 2015 871 478 670 760 1,217 2016 885 477 676 777 1,243 2017 895 494 674 773 1,250 2018 895 506 665 773 1,235 2019 916 523 671 781 1,266 2020 973 550 703 816 1,297 2021 954 550 698 803 1,272 1979 $1,098 $881 $1,077 $1,150 $1,385 1980 1,063 837 1,025 1,122 1,339 1981 1,066 819 1,020 1,115 1,361 1982 1,062 792 1,011 1,111 1,359 1983 1,057 782 1,008 1,096 1,345 1984 1,050 766 993 1,109 1,398 1985 1,067 757 981 1,137 1,422 1986 1,095 759 983 1,147 1,461 1987 1,092 741 968 1,137 1,494 1988 1,075 733 965 1,110 1,499 1989 1,057 732 951 1,093 1,490 1990 1,032 704 925 1,093 1,494 1991 1,018 679 914 1,095 1,486 1992 1,017 666 909 1,053 1,501 1993 1,028 659 902 1,059 1,493 1994 1,045 621 900 1,065 1,499 1995 1,041 614 897 1,055 1,496 1996 1,033 616 890 1,041 1,507 1997 1,039 617 904 1,049 1,514 1998 1,065 638 932 1,072 1,565 1999 1,090 644 946 1,085 1,594 2000 1,093 640 932 1,090 1,609 2001 1,104 643 934 1,109 1,637 2002 1,106 636 932 1,104 1,647 2003 1,099 634 928 1,093 1,671 2004 1,096 642 928 1,095 1,645 2005 1,072 633 907 1,065 1,623 2006 1,074 632 914 1,073 1,624 2007 1,079 630 903 1,062 1,629 2008 1,081 627 894 1,047 1,620 2009 1,105 633 906 1,057 1,680 2010 1,088 605 884 1,052 1,656 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma Some college or associate degree High school graduates, no college Bachelor's degree and higher 2011 1,070 589 870 1,014 1,609 2012 1,076 600 869 1,013 1,621 2013 1,063 583 853 1,000 1,626 2014 1,056 592 860 999 1,586 2015 1,084 595 868 1,010 1,625 2016 1,094 622 868 1,011 1,652 2017 1,101 645 881 1,013 1,636 2018 1,107 655 883 1,026 1,644 2019 1,133 682 894 1,050 1,666 2020 1,198 706 923 1,075 1,721 2021 1,160 684 904 1,047 1,661 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 20. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2021 annual averages [In constant 2021 dollars] [–] 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older Total 1979 $15.52 $12.20 $10.84 $14.06 $17.87 $18.18 $18.50 $18.04 $17.38 $11.29 1980 15.11 11.63 10.09 13.45 17.40 17.74 18.06 17.71 16.90 11.16 1981 14.76 11.38 10.26 13.21 17.16 17.45 17.77 17.22 16.65 11.23 1982 14.59 10.95 9.73 12.59 16.97 17.16 17.86 17.35 16.51 11.14 1983 14.52 10.60 9.38 12.18 17.01 16.88 17.95 17.48 16.65 11.43 1984 14.50 10.40 9.08 11.99 17.01 16.84 17.84 17.61 16.47 11.52 1985 14.53 10.27 8.84 11.90 16.99 16.67 18.05 17.76 16.65 11.42 1986 14.66 10.43 8.77 11.96 17.09 16.57 18.42 18.27 16.95 11.75 1987 14.81 10.50 8.72 11.92 17.07 16.45 18.17 17.99 16.98 11.62 1988 14.86 10.57 8.90 11.88 17.09 16.40 18.04 18.01 16.51 11.55 1989 14.78 10.47 8.92 11.95 16.79 16.15 18.10 17.80 16.53 11.46 1990 14.58 10.40 9.05 11.92 16.45 15.93 17.78 17.72 16.17 11.59 1991 14.59 10.23 9.12 11.67 16.50 15.64 17.84 17.72 15.93 11.56 1992 14.65 10.19 8.98 11.44 16.57 15.50 17.80 18.06 16.09 11.65 1993 14.57 10.20 8.89 11.39 16.57 15.31 17.80 18.26 16.48 11.83 1994 14.54 10.20 8.91 11.29 16.55 15.21 18.00 18.19 16.37 11.60 1995 14.46 10.27 8.92 11.36 16.57 15.42 17.73 17.93 16.28 11.77 1996 14.48 10.24 8.91 11.53 16.59 15.21 17.48 17.66 16.19 11.67 1997 14.78 10.39 9.31 11.67 16.67 15.27 17.50 17.91 16.44 11.64 1998 15.17 10.97 9.80 12.07 16.88 16.08 18.10 18.27 16.80 12.33 1999 15.55 11.21 9.92 12.63 17.08 16.28 17.98 18.48 16.93 12.56 2000 15.63 11.42 10.11 12.73 17.16 16.06 17.90 18.64 17.07 12.70 2001 15.63 11.79 10.37 12.85 17.48 16.37 18.36 18.67 17.44 13.08 2002 15.82 11.80 10.44 12.79 17.87 16.59 18.40 18.82 17.90 13.70 2003 16.03 11.67 10.24 12.79 17.80 16.62 18.40 19.16 18.01 13.57 2004 15.83 11.48 10.07 12.63 17.60 16.36 18.55 19.04 18.10 13.84 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 11.22 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 2005 15.56 2006 15.85 2007 15.66 2008 15.42 11.19 9.89 12.31 17.41 2009 15.75 11.27 10.03 12.37 17.61 2010 15.57 11.08 9.96 11.87 17.41 2011 15.35 10.83 9.73 11.61 17.05 2012 15.13 10.70 9.57 11.47 16.84 2013 15.07 10.68 9.55 11.46 16.90 2014 15.05 10.94 9.66 11.43 2015 15.38 11.27 10.13 11.60 2016 15.80 11.42 10.38 2017 16.17 11.80 10.82 2018 16.17 12.04 10.82 2019 16.26 12.65 10.82 2020 17.13 13.29 2021 17.02 25 to 34 years 16.36 35 to 44 years 18.23 45 to 54 years 18.75 55 to 64 years 18.01 65 years and older 9.81 12.39 17.36 13.81 11.11 9.74 12.35 17.44 16.11 18.18 18.91 17.96 13.68 11.34 9.92 12.66 17.25 15.79 18.26 18.86 17.97 13.59 15.76 18.13 18.75 17.91 13.73 15.95 18.47 18.80 18.61 14.54 15.60 18.19 18.66 18.54 14.38 15.35 17.91 18.12 18.20 14.72 15.15 17.57 17.81 18.19 14.43 15.01 17.46 17.68 18.21 14.53 16.95 15.04 17.31 17.63 17.59 14.91 17.06 15.56 17.35 18.12 18.20 14.97 12.18 17.08 15.80 17.80 18.39 18.28 15.54 12.54 17.29 16.39 17.79 18.48 18.59 15.82 12.90 17.38 16.29 18.27 18.36 18.62 15.48 13.28 17.87 16.84 18.56 18.56 18.91 15.92 11.59 14.14 18.70 17.64 19.39 19.79 19.48 16.59 13.80 12.06 14.76 18.22 17.65 18.97 19.12 19.21 16.47 Women 1979 $12.66 $11.15 $10.59 $12.31 $13.64 $14.13 $13.88 $13.43 $13.11 $10.91 1980 12.38 10.82 9.84 11.88 13.29 13.92 13.45 13.26 12.79 10.60 1981 12.26 10.63 10.09 11.72 13.44 14.01 13.67 13.15 12.69 10.63 1982 12.46 10.22 9.59 11.32 13.57 14.03 13.73 13.38 12.97 10.62 1983 12.47 9.92 9.22 11.06 13.58 14.13 13.79 13.48 13.17 10.81 1984 12.36 9.78 8.93 10.85 13.63 13.93 13.96 13.71 13.11 10.87 1985 12.36 9.66 8.70 10.99 13.81 13.95 14.24 13.88 13.16 10.67 1986 12.60 9.72 8.63 11.13 14.07 14.07 14.49 14.16 13.59 11.18 1987 12.81 9.66 8.49 11.19 14.10 14.05 14.53 14.37 13.80 11.10 1988 12.89 9.89 8.63 11.15 14.22 14.04 14.92 14.55 13.42 11.30 1989 12.92 9.92 8.67 11.06 14.33 14.12 15.01 14.59 13.49 10.87 1990 12.98 9.98 8.77 11.23 14.25 14.13 14.86 14.44 13.57 10.99 1991 13.13 9.88 9.03 11.11 14.28 13.99 15.04 14.81 13.52 11.21 1992 13.21 9.79 8.90 10.95 14.52 14.14 15.16 15.07 13.66 11.33 1993 13.19 9.76 8.76 11.04 14.57 14.09 15.11 15.15 14.00 11.44 1994 13.16 9.66 8.77 10.85 14.61 14.12 15.32 15.35 14.19 11.32 1995 13.20 9.72 8.74 10.78 14.46 14.02 15.27 15.43 14.04 11.42 1996 13.33 9.79 8.78 10.79 14.53 13.90 15.33 15.41 13.91 11.12 1997 13.41 10.05 9.16 11.06 14.78 13.85 15.44 15.64 14.04 11.54 1998 13.72 10.40 9.63 11.55 15.22 14.67 16.10 16.30 14.75 12.02 1999 14.09 10.77 9.76 11.78 15.55 14.85 16.04 16.23 15.22 12.23 2000 14.29 11.04 9.83 12.30 15.60 15.28 15.82 16.06 15.52 12.41 2001 14.79 11.12 10.14 12.27 15.64 15.25 16.01 16.64 15.94 12.48 2002 14.94 11.25 10.27 12.25 16.18 15.29 16.59 16.89 16.33 13.19 2003 14.89 11.21 10.12 12.10 16.26 15.52 16.50 17.42 16.32 13.06 2004 14.63 11.09 9.87 11.97 16.16 15.28 16.47 17.19 16.65 13.18 2005 14.34 10.85 9.62 11.82 16.11 15.10 16.47 16.87 16.50 13.66 2006 14.35 10.77 9.58 11.89 16.00 14.92 16.24 16.52 16.33 13.44 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 2007 14.39 10.68 9.71 11.80 15.79 14.69 16.20 16.84 16.03 13.30 2008 14.49 10.63 9.72 11.55 15.74 14.78 16.25 16.60 16.39 13.28 2009 14.89 10.86 9.90 11.63 16.15 15.14 16.46 16.57 17.20 14.06 2010 14.73 10.73 9.85 11.31 16.04 14.99 16.34 16.81 17.04 13.92 2011 14.47 10.54 9.61 11.06 15.82 14.64 16.23 16.62 16.94 14.20 2012 14.17 10.38 9.48 10.84 15.57 14.36 15.91 16.31 16.97 14.00 2013 14.13 10.41 9.43 10.96 15.57 14.25 16.05 16.25 16.93 14.24 2014 13.95 10.47 9.50 11.19 15.46 14.03 16.04 16.20 16.25 14.28 2015 14.37 10.92 10.01 11.38 15.93 14.75 16.17 16.93 16.90 14.49 2016 14.68 11.29 10.24 11.57 16.06 14.76 16.65 16.90 17.04 14.70 2017 14.98 11.36 10.60 12.15 16.39 15.47 16.49 16.75 16.81 15.34 2018 15.17 11.79 10.69 12.60 16.22 15.79 16.42 16.40 16.85 14.85 2019 15.73 12.28 10.69 12.79 16.50 16.00 16.84 16.92 17.14 15.66 2020 15.94 12.69 11.32 13.59 17.28 16.68 17.75 17.87 17.84 15.74 2021 16.02 13.15 11.90 14.06 17.16 16.81 17.81 17.80 17.42 15.80 Men 1979 $19.76 $13.64 $11.15 $16.22 $23.39 $22.31 $24.90 $24.83 $23.04 $12.45 1980 19.12 12.85 10.56 15.42 22.63 21.72 24.48 24.39 22.70 11.88 1981 18.83 12.35 10.43 14.64 22.29 21.00 23.78 24.33 22.58 12.06 1982 18.51 11.84 9.89 13.84 21.84 20.73 24.03 24.00 22.00 12.05 1983 17.97 11.38 9.53 13.12 21.58 20.10 23.95 23.79 22.70 12.34 1984 17.71 11.37 9.25 12.84 21.39 19.60 23.66 24.10 22.04 12.21 1985 17.66 11.28 9.04 12.60 21.33 19.28 23.61 24.02 21.78 12.02 1986 17.94 11.32 9.03 12.84 21.32 18.98 23.62 24.00 22.55 12.25 1987 17.78 11.24 9.04 13.00 20.96 18.90 23.11 23.43 22.24 12.17 1988 17.46 11.10 9.14 12.78 20.71 18.57 22.56 23.60 21.50 12.19 1989 17.12 10.93 9.28 12.73 20.53 18.10 22.39 23.00 21.14 12.47 1990 16.67 10.97 9.35 12.46 19.84 17.80 21.63 22.44 20.50 12.26 1991 16.71 10.86 9.22 12.12 19.42 17.39 21.36 22.78 19.61 12.10 1992 16.45 10.72 9.11 11.84 19.09 17.12 20.74 22.81 19.72 12.24 1993 16.41 10.65 9.02 11.72 18.85 16.85 20.67 22.50 20.30 12.43 1994 16.33 10.67 9.04 11.91 18.68 16.52 20.87 21.96 20.07 12.05 1995 16.34 10.69 9.10 12.07 18.99 16.74 21.04 21.81 19.66 12.12 1996 16.41 10.64 9.05 12.05 18.59 16.72 20.53 21.38 19.22 12.14 1997 16.60 10.90 9.48 12.13 18.75 16.76 20.39 21.62 19.92 11.76 1998 16.77 11.52 9.97 12.97 19.53 17.03 20.80 21.73 20.37 12.90 1999 16.82 11.62 10.08 13.10 19.58 17.68 20.85 22.32 19.92 12.82 2000 17.05 12.03 10.47 13.23 19.31 17.30 20.73 21.92 20.21 13.11 2001 17.36 12.29 10.58 13.68 19.75 17.76 21.35 21.86 19.86 13.80 2002 17.58 12.16 10.60 13.41 19.71 17.96 21.09 21.75 20.21 14.77 2003 17.56 12.02 10.37 13.29 19.57 17.74 20.87 22.05 20.81 14.46 2004 17.29 11.81 10.29 13.05 19.77 17.31 21.01 21.74 20.92 14.24 2005 16.91 11.71 10.03 12.80 19.35 16.93 20.70 21.04 20.57 13.96 2006 17.09 11.85 10.01 13.14 19.23 17.02 20.30 21.62 20.27 14.45 2007 16.97 11.97 10.18 13.05 19.33 16.82 19.88 21.17 20.25 14.43 2008 16.97 11.65 10.06 12.61 18.95 16.99 20.20 21.21 20.05 14.50 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Year Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 2009 17.42 11.67 10.19 12.65 19.08 16.71 20.38 21.51 20.37 15.19 2010 17.14 11.47 10.07 12.33 18.73 16.31 19.71 21.03 20.49 14.84 2011 16.67 11.15 9.86 11.96 18.25 15.92 19.36 20.39 20.62 15.52 2012 16.41 11.16 9.68 11.78 17.93 15.70 18.97 20.08 20.43 15.40 2013 16.32 11.27 9.76 11.66 17.80 15.64 18.89 20.01 20.14 15.01 2014 16.48 11.33 9.89 11.63 18.05 16.13 18.96 19.94 20.00 16.01 2015 16.78 11.48 10.26 12.17 18.15 16.21 18.86 20.08 20.58 16.19 2016 16.88 11.56 10.70 12.58 18.34 16.74 19.41 20.35 20.37 16.68 2017 16.80 12.14 10.92 13.13 18.78 16.74 19.77 20.71 20.55 16.50 2018 17.27 12.66 10.95 13.14 19.16 17.12 19.89 20.49 21.10 16.07 2019 17.75 12.92 11.19 13.90 19.12 17.62 20.30 20.38 20.97 16.75 2020 18.59 13.70 12.15 14.74 20.08 18.39 21.05 22.04 21.10 17.54 2021 18.05 14.18 12.25 14.93 19.84 18.18 20.07 20.74 21.00 17.64 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 21. Inflation-adjusted median hourly earnings, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2021 annual averages [In constant 2021 dollars] [–] Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total 1979 $15.52 $15.77 $14.37 - $14.27 1980 15.11 15.30 13.92 - 13.92 1981 14.76 14.84 14.04 - 13.78 1982 14.59 14.78 13.68 - 13.54 1983 14.52 14.70 13.38 - 13.22 1984 14.50 14.68 13.33 - 13.11 1985 14.53 14.70 13.25 - 13.18 1986 14.66 14.85 13.71 - 13.36 1987 14.81 15.01 13.71 - 13.32 1988 14.86 15.03 13.58 - 13.13 1989 14.78 14.97 13.59 - 12.83 1990 14.58 14.78 13.73 - 12.66 1991 14.59 14.81 13.62 - 12.57 1992 14.65 14.84 13.40 - 12.62 1993 14.57 14.76 13.30 - 12.65 1994 14.54 14.72 13.23 - 12.58 1995 14.46 14.73 13.56 - 12.39 1996 14.48 14.78 13.38 - 12.36 1997 14.78 15.00 13.53 - 12.48 1998 15.17 15.37 13.98 - 13.20 1999 15.55 15.89 14.44 - 13.16 2000 15.63 15.71 14.73 $15.88 13.47 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 2001 15.63 15.74 15.00 16.49 13.90 2002 15.82 16.18 15.00 15.65 13.93 2003 16.03 16.20 14.99 16.43 14.42 2004 15.83 16.01 14.66 15.97 14.12 2005 15.56 15.97 14.14 16.70 13.84 2006 15.85 15.98 14.37 16.89 13.64 2007 15.66 15.83 14.27 16.02 13.42 2008 15.42 15.81 14.12 16.41 13.83 2009 15.75 16.03 14.73 16.66 13.97 2010 15.57 15.87 14.66 16.46 13.55 2011 15.35 15.59 14.24 16.12 13.35 2012 15.13 15.41 14.00 15.64 13.14 2013 15.07 15.33 13.87 15.87 13.11 2014 15.05 15.54 13.61 16.04 13.55 2015 15.38 15.87 13.80 16.24 13.78 2016 15.80 16.07 14.10 16.69 14.32 2017 16.17 16.45 14.25 16.64 14.54 2018 16.17 16.35 14.71 16.44 15.09 2019 16.26 16.79 15.53 17.09 15.74 2020 17.13 17.57 15.88 18.06 15.92 2021 17.02 17.22 15.81 17.89 16.05 $12.66 $12.66 $12.41 - $12.03 Women 1979 1980 12.38 12.41 12.16 - 11.85 1981 12.26 12.26 12.01 - 11.75 1982 12.46 12.46 12.14 - 11.70 1983 12.47 12.49 12.26 - 11.48 1984 12.36 12.39 12.11 - 11.57 1985 12.36 12.39 12.14 - 11.61 1986 12.60 12.65 12.22 - 11.82 1987 12.81 12.86 12.36 - 11.69 1988 12.89 12.94 12.38 - 11.66 1989 12.92 12.96 12.43 - 11.69 1990 12.98 13.02 12.56 - 11.69 1991 13.13 13.15 12.74 - 11.63 1992 13.21 13.26 12.60 - 11.71 1993 13.19 13.26 12.72 - 11.69 1994 13.16 13.32 12.58 - 11.62 1995 13.20 13.35 12.60 - 11.68 1996 13.33 13.43 12.41 - 11.67 1997 13.41 13.51 12.82 - 11.52 1998 13.72 13.88 13.17 - 12.03 1999 14.09 14.24 13.26 - 12.17 2000 14.29 14.34 13.97 $15.41 12.44 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 2001 14.79 14.92 14.03 15.44 12.70 2002 14.94 15.02 14.27 15.26 12.90 2003 14.89 14.93 14.64 15.78 13.12 2004 14.63 14.69 14.29 15.21 13.01 2005 14.34 14.60 13.81 16.19 12.77 2006 14.35 14.51 13.63 16.11 12.80 2007 14.39 14.50 13.70 15.50 12.84 2008 14.49 14.75 13.59 15.45 12.70 2009 14.89 14.97 13.94 16.04 12.77 2010 14.73 14.79 13.95 15.45 12.59 2011 14.47 14.55 13.62 15.46 12.38 2012 14.17 14.28 13.27 15.07 12.07 2013 14.13 14.23 13.45 15.20 12.23 2014 13.95 14.18 13.25 15.15 12.28 2015 14.37 14.67 13.39 15.79 12.68 2016 14.68 14.90 13.65 15.88 13.31 2017 14.98 15.33 13.87 15.72 13.36 2018 15.17 15.39 14.05 16.13 13.81 2019 15.73 15.82 14.83 16.20 14.56 2020 15.94 16.03 15.65 17.34 15.37 2021 16.02 16.11 15.22 16.84 15.15 1979 $19.76 $20.24 $17.10 - $16.75 1980 19.12 19.53 16.24 - 15.77 1981 18.83 19.23 16.65 - 15.39 1982 18.51 18.86 16.14 - 15.49 1983 17.97 18.36 15.48 - 15.09 1984 17.71 18.06 15.32 - 15.02 1985 17.66 18.27 14.82 - 14.63 1986 17.94 18.39 15.53 - 14.63 1987 17.78 18.15 15.42 - 14.58 1988 17.46 17.79 15.32 - 14.37 1989 17.12 17.51 14.95 - 14.08 1990 16.67 17.24 14.86 - 13.59 1991 16.71 17.16 14.73 - 13.39 1992 16.45 16.87 14.46 - 13.26 1993 16.41 16.80 14.20 - 13.19 1994 16.33 16.72 14.37 - 13.01 1995 16.34 17.03 14.44 - 12.85 1996 16.41 16.88 14.10 - 13.14 1997 16.60 16.82 14.65 - 13.34 1998 16.77 16.97 15.15 - 13.73 1999 16.82 17.31 15.94 - 14.05 2000 17.05 17.27 15.74 $17.02 14.26 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 2001 17.36 17.81 15.61 18.16 14.83 2002 17.58 17.92 15.47 16.65 14.98 2003 17.56 17.77 15.97 17.56 14.82 2004 17.29 17.50 15.65 17.12 14.42 2005 16.91 17.34 15.16 17.73 14.17 2006 17.09 17.36 15.39 17.76 14.61 2007 16.97 17.33 15.16 17.33 14.51 2008 16.97 17.47 15.12 17.69 14.92 2009 17.42 17.66 15.53 17.73 15.09 2010 17.14 17.40 15.14 17.57 14.61 2011 16.67 16.93 14.57 17.21 14.26 2012 16.41 16.75 14.42 16.73 14.14 2013 16.32 16.60 14.17 16.60 13.97 2014 16.48 17.02 13.99 16.79 14.18 2015 16.78 17.08 14.49 17.01 14.78 2016 16.88 17.08 14.74 16.98 15.61 2017 16.80 17.45 14.74 18.40 15.88 2018 17.27 17.83 15.34 18.00 16.19 2019 17.75 18.11 15.87 18.24 16.15 2020 18.59 18.83 16.63 18.89 17.01 2021 18.05 18.48 16.12 19.05 17.03 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant (inflation-adjusted) dollars. See the technical notes section. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by age, 1979–2021 annual averages [In current dollars] [–] Year 16 to 24 years Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older Total 1979 $241 $172 $144 $186 $265 $255 $280 $276 $262 $198 1980 262 187 154 200 286 276 302 298 285 203 1981 284 200 161 213 308 296 326 320 309 222 1982 302 208 164 220 327 311 354 345 325 253 1983 313 211 164 223 343 321 370 367 346 261 1984 326 217 169 231 362 335 389 385 366 272 1985 344 224 174 240 379 349 406 400 381 297 1986 359 232 178 248 391 360 419 416 397 298 1987 374 243 186 259 403 373 435 429 405 310 1988 385 249 196 266 414 383 450 453 419 323 1989 399 259 204 276 427 394 472 472 431 334 1990 412 269 209 285 449 407 486 489 457 343 1991 426 277 213 291 467 415 498 507 469 381 1992 440 276 212 290 479 422 503 522 483 378 1993 459 282 214 297 491 436 517 542 492 393 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1994 467 286 221 300 500 439 537 566 501 384 1995 479 292 231 306 510 451 550 582 514 389 1996 490 298 240 312 520 463 559 594 535 384 1997 503 306 252 321 540 481 579 607 558 393 1998 523 319 268 339 572 502 597 620 592 405 1999 549 341 281 363 592 518 611 652 604 404 2000 576 361 297 383 609 549 625 669 620 463 2001 596 375 305 394 630 576 657 693 638 488 2002 608 381 305 399 646 591 668 706 674 502 2003 620 387 311 402 662 594 687 723 708 516 2004 638 390 309 406 683 604 713 743 725 560 2005 651 397 318 411 696 610 731 748 742 569 2006 671 409 324 423 718 621 748 773 765 583 2007 695 424 337 450 738 643 769 790 803 605 2008 722 443 349 467 761 666 804 822 825 644 2009 739 442 344 464 774 678 817 838 841 684 2010 747 432 347 454 782 682 824 844 860 684 2011 756 440 352 457 797 693 837 866 881 742 2012 768 444 356 464 815 707 858 878 897 757 2013 776 454 373 472 827 708 874 883 904 801 2014 791 477 378 491 839 726 881 899 911 824 2015 809 487 389 501 860 735 900 923 927 873 2016 832 501 405 513 885 751 934 955 952 866 2017 860 519 424 540 907 773 964 977 974 909 2018 886 548 449 576 932 808 986 1,002 994 944 2019 917 581 481 598 969 846 1,035 1,033 1,017 936 2020 984 606 497 624 1,029 904 1,106 1,129 1,096 999 2021 998 623 527 645 1,057 931 1,131 1,154 1,132 994 1979 $182 $154 $132 $161 $195 $199 $196 $192 $189 $170 1980 201 167 145 175 213 218 214 209 205 175 1981 219 180 154 191 233 239 238 225 222 189 1982 239 192 158 201 255 258 258 252 245 211 1983 252 198 158 207 268 272 272 264 257 212 1984 265 203 162 213 283 285 292 279 270 219 1985 277 211 166 221 296 296 307 292 285 242 1986 291 219 170 231 308 306 319 308 296 256 1987 303 227 172 242 321 316 337 324 308 261 1988 315 235 184 251 335 327 354 339 317 280 1989 328 246 197 260 351 340 370 357 333 292 1990 346 254 198 269 369 356 390 377 348 300 1991 366 266 205 280 387 371 407 398 363 319 1992 380 267 205 280 400 382 418 417 376 328 1993 393 273 205 289 415 395 435 440 395 335 1994 399 276 211 290 421 397 448 450 398 336 1995 406 275 215 291 428 403 453 464 403 353 Women Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1996 418 284 223 298 444 415 463 481 420 334 1997 431 292 240 306 462 427 482 495 433 348 1998 456 305 249 319 485 451 498 516 476 350 1999 473 324 266 343 497 470 503 534 492 370 2000 493 344 283 366 516 493 521 564 508 392 2001 512 353 288 375 543 512 547 587 536 390 2002 529 367 295 385 568 530 571 602 574 430 2003 552 371 299 387 584 546 590 609 601 435 2004 573 375 293 391 599 561 608 625 615 478 2005 585 381 304 396 612 573 621 644 639 492 2006 600 395 305 413 627 583 645 659 658 510 2007 614 409 318 426 646 597 668 677 679 534 2008 638 420 322 445 670 623 682 707 711 563 2009 657 424 323 445 687 634 709 712 727 602 2010 669 422 336 439 704 648 731 730 736 601 2011 684 421 328 438 718 662 734 744 749 664 2012 691 416 330 429 727 666 747 746 766 667 2013 706 423 350 442 740 665 767 761 779 691 2014 719 451 357 468 752 679 781 780 780 740 2015 726 450 364 468 761 690 804 799 784 740 2016 749 486 388 500 784 705 839 836 812 749 2017 770 499 402 514 810 724 860 855 856 782 2018 789 522 421 546 830 750 876 876 853 811 2019 821 540 427 563 865 788 920 904 880 815 2020 891 589 464 606 929 852 978 977 955 897 2021 912 605 499 619 954 881 992 1,012 976 867 1979 $292 $196 $155 $211 $314 $295 $336 $338 $312 $219 1980 313 208 162 224 339 314 367 367 345 229 1981 340 218 168 237 372 340 397 396 377 266 1982 364 225 170 244 393 358 422 419 399 300 1983 379 223 168 242 407 371 442 444 416 308 1984 392 231 174 250 422 382 471 470 439 328 1985 407 241 183 258 443 394 487 489 467 367 1986 419 246 186 264 463 402 499 506 484 358 1987 434 257 196 275 477 412 510 520 495 380 1988 449 262 205 279 487 421 517 549 509 395 1989 468 271 209 290 500 434 542 569 521 393 1990 481 282 218 298 512 449 560 591 546 403 1991 493 285 219 300 523 458 576 612 563 467 1992 501 284 218 297 536 466 581 634 579 421 1993 510 288 221 303 555 476 596 653 586 451 1994 522 294 228 307 576 479 617 671 603 441 1995 538 303 244 315 588 490 624 685 623 441 1996 557 307 251 321 599 499 632 698 643 477 1997 579 317 262 338 615 515 651 713 669 452 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 16 to 24 years Total, 16 years and older Year Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1998 598 334 281 357 639 544 677 732 699 482 1999 618 356 291 379 668 577 702 763 725 470 2000 641 375 306 395 693 598 728 771 735 522 2001 670 391 319 408 720 617 754 799 760 565 2002 679 391 312 410 732 627 759 807 802 583 2003 695 398 321 412 744 628 775 834 827 612 2004 713 400 318 417 762 639 804 857 843 641 2005 722 409 330 422 771 644 822 853 855 644 2006 743 418 348 435 797 661 836 897 902 658 2007 766 443 357 472 823 687 873 909 933 686 2008 798 461 369 481 857 704 915 944 943 753 2009 819 458 356 479 873 715 916 967 965 791 2010 824 443 355 468 874 714 915 954 979 794 2011 832 455 370 470 886 717 935 979 997 821 2012 854 468 373 482 910 738 957 994 1,005 860 2013 860 479 390 492 912 744 956 994 1,011 937 2014 871 493 392 507 922 755 964 1,011 1,021 942 2015 895 510 407 522 947 770 983 1,040 1,064 1,003 2016 915 512 419 523 969 794 1,007 1,075 1,102 992 2017 941 547 459 570 996 821 1,062 1,103 1,098 1,016 2018 973 575 471 592 1,026 862 1,101 1,137 1,137 1,050 2019 1,007 607 506 623 1,070 897 1,149 1,169 1,166 1,066 2020 1,082 622 513 648 1,144 952 1,205 1,260 1,228 1,115 2021 1,097 650 563 671 1,160 972 1,241 1,295 1,256 1,129 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2021 annual averages [In current dollars] [–] Year Total, 16 years and older Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian Total 1979 $241 $248 $199 - $194 1980 262 269 212 - 209 1981 284 291 235 - 223 1982 302 310 245 - 240 1983 313 320 261 - 250 1984 326 336 269 - 259 1985 344 356 277 - 270 1986 359 371 291 - 277 1987 374 384 301 - 285 1988 385 395 314 - 290 1989 399 409 319 - 298 1990 412 424 329 - 304 1991 426 442 348 - 312 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian 1992 440 458 357 - 321 1993 459 475 369 - 331 1994 467 484 371 - 324 1995 479 494 383 - 329 1996 490 506 387 - 339 1997 503 519 400 - 351 1998 523 545 426 - 370 1999 549 573 445 - 385 2000 576 590 474 $615 399 2001 596 610 491 639 417 2002 608 623 498 658 424 2003 620 636 514 693 440 2004 638 657 525 708 456 2005 651 672 520 753 471 2006 671 690 554 784 486 2007 695 716 569 830 503 2008 722 742 589 861 529 2009 739 757 601 880 541 2010 747 765 611 855 535 2011 756 775 615 866 549 2012 768 792 621 920 568 2013 776 802 629 942 578 2014 791 816 639 953 594 2015 809 835 641 993 604 2016 832 862 678 1,021 624 2017 860 890 682 1,043 655 2018 886 916 694 1,095 680 2019 917 945 735 1,174 706 2020 984 1,003 794 1,310 758 2021 998 1,018 801 1,328 777 Women 1979 $182 $184 $169 - $157 1980 201 203 185 - 172 1981 219 221 206 - 190 1982 239 242 217 - 203 1983 252 254 232 - 215 1984 265 268 241 - 223 1985 277 281 252 - 230 1986 291 294 264 - 241 1987 303 307 276 - 251 1988 315 318 288 - 260 1989 328 334 301 - 269 1990 346 353 308 - 278 1991 366 373 323 - 292 1992 380 387 335 - 302 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian 1993 393 401 348 - 313 1994 399 408 346 - 305 1995 406 415 355 - 305 1996 418 428 362 - 316 1997 431 444 375 - 318 1998 456 468 400 - 337 1999 473 483 409 - 348 2000 493 502 429 $547 366 2001 512 522 454 563 388 2002 529 547 473 566 397 2003 552 567 491 598 410 2004 573 584 505 613 419 2005 585 596 499 665 429 2006 600 609 519 699 440 2007 614 626 533 731 473 2008 638 654 554 753 501 2009 657 669 582 779 509 2010 669 684 592 773 508 2011 684 703 595 751 518 2012 691 710 599 770 521 2013 706 722 606 819 541 2014 719 734 611 841 548 2015 726 743 615 877 566 2016 749 766 641 902 586 2017 770 795 657 903 603 2018 789 817 654 937 617 2019 821 840 704 1,025 642 2020 891 905 764 1,143 705 2021 912 925 776 1,141 718 1979 $292 $298 $227 - $219 1980 313 320 244 - 234 1981 340 350 268 - 251 1982 364 375 278 - 269 1983 379 387 294 - 274 1984 392 401 303 - 287 1985 407 418 305 - 296 1986 419 433 319 - 299 1987 434 450 327 - 306 1988 449 465 348 - 308 1989 468 482 348 - 315 1990 481 494 361 - 318 1991 493 506 375 - 323 1992 501 514 380 - 339 1993 510 524 392 - 346 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Total, 16 years and older Year Black or African American White Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Asian 1994 522 547 400 - 343 1995 538 566 411 - 350 1996 557 580 412 - 356 1997 579 595 432 - 371 1998 598 615 468 - 390 1999 618 638 488 - 406 2000 641 662 510 $685 417 2001 670 689 529 732 440 2002 679 702 524 756 451 2003 695 715 555 772 464 2004 713 732 569 802 480 2005 722 743 559 825 489 2006 743 761 591 882 505 2007 766 788 600 936 520 2008 798 825 620 966 559 2009 819 845 621 952 569 2010 824 850 633 936 560 2011 832 856 653 970 571 2012 854 879 665 1,055 592 2013 860 884 664 1,059 594 2014 871 897 680 1,080 616 2015 895 920 680 1,129 631 2016 915 942 718 1,151 663 2017 941 971 710 1,207 690 2018 973 1,002 735 1,241 720 2019 1,007 1,036 769 1,336 747 2020 1,082 1,110 830 1,447 797 2021 1,097 1,125 825 1,453 820 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, by educational attainment, 1979–2021 annual averages [In current dollars] [–] Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher Total 1979 $265 $210 $249 $282 $344 1980 286 222 266 304 376 1981 308 240 286 324 407 1982 327 248 302 351 438 1983 343 256 311 363 461 1984 362 263 323 382 486 1985 379 270 333 399 506 1986 391 278 344 409 525 1987 403 284 356 421 564 1988 414 288 368 430 585 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher 1989 427 297 375 452 609 1990 449 303 386 476 638 1991 467 307 397 489 666 1992 479 311 403 484 696 1993 491 314 415 494 715 1994 500 307 421 499 733 1995 510 309 432 508 747 1996 520 317 443 518 758 1997 540 321 461 535 779 1998 572 337 479 558 821 1999 592 346 490 580 860 2000 609 362 505 596 891 2001 630 382 520 617 921 2002 646 388 535 629 941 2003 662 396 554 639 964 2004 683 401 574 661 986 2005 696 409 583 670 1,013 2006 718 419 595 692 1,039 2007 738 428 604 704 1,072 2008 761 453 618 722 1,115 2009 774 454 626 726 1,137 2010 782 444 626 734 1,144 2011 797 451 638 739 1,150 2012 815 471 652 749 1,165 2013 827 472 651 748 1,194 2014 839 488 668 761 1,193 2015 860 493 678 762 1,230 2016 885 504 692 779 1,259 2017 907 520 712 798 1,279 2018 932 553 730 826 1,324 2019 969 592 746 856 1,367 2020 1,029 619 781 903 1,421 2021 1,057 626 809 925 1,452 Women 1979 $195 $152 $185 $211 $264 1980 213 164 201 231 290 1981 233 175 217 255 318 1982 255 184 236 274 346 1983 268 195 246 288 369 1984 283 200 259 305 390 1985 296 202 268 317 414 1986 308 208 277 330 436 1987 321 214 288 347 466 1988 335 221 298 360 485 1989 351 231 304 379 507 1990 369 240 315 395 535 1991 387 250 328 409 562 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher 1992 400 256 337 407 594 1993 415 263 347 422 611 1994 421 257 351 423 634 1995 428 262 356 427 644 1996 444 268 365 442 657 1997 462 275 378 459 672 1998 485 283 396 476 707 1999 497 290 405 488 740 2000 516 304 420 505 756 2001 543 316 443 520 786 2002 568 325 458 543 809 2003 584 329 474 560 832 2004 599 334 488 577 860 2005 612 341 493 587 883 2006 627 358 500 602 905 2007 646 369 512 609 932 2008 670 378 520 628 955 2009 687 382 542 630 970 2010 704 388 543 638 986 2011 718 395 554 645 998 2012 727 386 561 659 1,001 2013 740 400 573 657 1,043 2014 752 409 578 661 1,049 2015 761 418 586 664 1,064 2016 784 423 599 688 1,101 2017 810 447 610 700 1,131 2018 830 469 616 717 1,145 2019 865 494 633 737 1,195 2020 929 525 671 779 1,239 2021 954 550 698 803 1,272 1979 $314 $252 $308 $329 $396 1980 339 267 327 358 427 1981 372 286 356 389 475 Men 1982 393 293 374 411 503 1983 407 301 388 422 518 1984 422 308 399 446 562 1985 443 314 407 472 590 1986 463 321 416 485 618 1987 477 324 423 497 653 1988 487 332 437 503 679 1989 500 346 450 517 705 1990 512 349 459 542 741 1991 523 349 470 563 764 1992 536 351 479 555 791 1993 555 356 487 572 806 1994 576 342 496 587 826 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 25 years and older Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college or associate degree Bachelor's degree and higher 1995 588 347 507 596 845 1996 599 357 516 604 874 1997 615 365 535 621 896 1998 639 383 559 643 939 1999 668 395 580 665 977 2000 693 406 591 691 1,020 2001 720 419 609 723 1,067 2002 732 421 617 731 1,090 2003 744 429 628 740 1,131 2004 762 446 645 761 1,143 2005 771 455 652 766 1,167 2006 797 469 678 796 1,205 2007 823 481 689 810 1,243 2008 857 497 709 830 1,285 2009 873 500 716 835 1,327 2010 874 486 710 845 1,330 2011 886 488 720 840 1,332 2012 910 508 735 857 1,371 2013 912 500 732 858 1,395 2014 922 517 751 872 1,385 2015 947 520 759 883 1,420 2016 969 551 769 896 1,464 2017 996 584 797 917 1,481 2018 1,026 607 819 951 1,524 2019 1,070 644 844 991 1,573 2020 1,144 674 881 1,027 1,644 2021 1,160 684 904 1,047 1,661 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by age, 1979–2021 annual averages [In current dollars] [–] Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older Total 1979 $4.44 $3.49 $3.10 $4.02 $5.11 $5.20 $5.29 $5.16 $4.97 $3.23 1980 4.82 3.71 3.22 4.29 5.55 5.66 5.76 5.65 5.39 3.56 1981 5.15 3.97 3.58 4.61 5.99 6.09 6.20 6.01 5.81 3.92 1982 5.40 4.05 3.60 4.66 6.28 6.35 6.61 6.42 6.11 4.12 1983 5.59 4.08 3.61 4.69 6.55 6.50 6.91 6.73 6.41 4.40 1984 5.83 4.18 3.65 4.82 6.84 6.77 7.17 7.08 6.62 4.63 1985 6.03 4.26 3.67 4.94 7.05 6.92 7.49 7.37 6.91 4.74 1986 6.20 4.41 3.71 5.06 7.23 7.01 7.79 7.73 7.17 4.97 1987 6.47 4.59 3.81 5.21 7.46 7.19 7.94 7.86 7.42 5.08 1988 6.73 4.79 4.03 5.38 7.74 7.43 8.17 8.16 7.48 5.23 1989 6.99 4.95 4.22 5.65 7.94 7.64 8.56 8.42 7.82 5.42 1990 7.23 5.16 4.49 5.91 8.16 7.90 8.82 8.79 8.02 5.75 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1991 7.50 5.26 4.69 6.00 8.48 8.04 9.17 9.11 8.19 5.94 1992 7.72 5.37 4.73 6.03 8.73 8.17 9.38 9.52 8.48 6.14 1993 7.87 5.51 4.80 6.15 8.95 8.27 9.61 9.86 8.90 6.39 1994 8.01 5.62 4.91 6.22 9.12 8.38 9.92 10.02 9.02 6.39 1995 8.17 5.80 5.04 6.42 9.36 8.71 10.02 10.13 9.20 6.65 1996 8.40 5.94 5.17 6.69 9.62 8.82 10.14 10.24 9.39 6.77 1997 8.75 6.15 5.51 6.91 9.87 9.04 10.36 10.60 9.73 6.89 1998 9.10 6.58 5.88 7.24 10.13 9.65 10.86 10.96 10.08 7.40 1999 9.53 6.87 6.08 7.74 10.47 9.98 11.02 11.33 10.38 7.70 2000 9.91 7.24 6.41 8.07 10.88 10.18 11.35 11.82 10.82 8.05 2001 10.19 7.69 6.76 8.38 11.40 10.67 11.97 12.17 11.37 8.53 2002 10.47 7.81 6.91 8.47 11.83 10.98 12.18 12.46 11.85 9.07 2003 10.85 7.90 6.93 8.66 12.05 11.25 12.46 12.97 12.19 9.19 2004 11.00 7.98 7.00 8.78 12.23 11.37 12.89 13.23 12.58 9.62 2005 11.19 8.07 7.05 8.91 12.48 11.76 13.11 13.48 12.95 9.93 2006 11.76 8.24 7.23 9.16 12.94 11.95 13.49 14.03 13.33 10.15 2007 11.95 8.65 7.57 9.66 13.16 12.05 13.93 14.39 13.71 10.37 2008 12.23 8.87 7.84 9.76 13.81 12.50 14.38 14.87 14.20 10.89 2009 12.44 8.90 7.92 9.77 13.91 12.60 14.59 14.85 14.70 11.49 2010 12.50 8.90 8.00 9.53 13.98 12.53 14.61 14.98 14.89 11.55 2011 12.71 8.97 8.06 9.61 14.12 12.71 14.83 15.00 15.07 12.19 2012 12.80 9.05 8.10 9.70 14.25 12.82 14.86 15.07 15.39 12.21 2013 12.93 9.16 8.19 9.83 14.50 12.88 14.98 15.17 15.62 12.47 2014 13.14 9.55 8.43 9.98 14.80 13.13 15.11 15.39 15.36 13.02 2015 13.44 9.85 8.85 10.14 14.91 13.60 15.16 15.84 15.91 13.08 2016 14.00 10.12 9.20 10.79 15.13 14.00 15.77 16.29 16.20 13.77 2017 14.63 10.68 9.79 11.35 15.65 14.83 16.10 16.72 16.82 14.32 2018 14.99 11.16 10.03 11.96 16.11 15.10 16.94 17.02 17.26 14.35 2019 15.35 11.94 10.21 12.54 16.87 15.90 17.52 17.52 17.85 15.03 2020 16.36 12.69 11.07 13.50 17.86 16.85 18.52 18.90 18.60 15.84 2021 17.02 13.80 12.06 14.76 18.22 17.65 18.97 19.12 19.21 16.47 1979 $3.62 $3.19 $3.03 $3.52 $3.90 $4.04 $3.97 $3.84 $3.75 $3.12 1980 3.95 3.45 3.14 3.79 4.24 4.44 4.29 4.23 4.08 3.38 1981 4.28 3.71 3.52 4.09 4.69 4.89 4.77 4.59 4.43 3.71 1982 4.61 3.78 3.55 4.19 5.02 5.19 5.08 4.95 4.80 3.93 1983 4.80 3.82 3.55 4.26 5.23 5.44 5.31 5.19 5.07 4.16 1984 4.97 3.93 3.59 4.36 5.48 5.60 5.61 5.51 5.27 4.37 1985 5.13 4.01 3.61 4.56 5.73 5.79 5.91 5.76 5.46 4.43 1986 5.33 4.11 3.65 4.71 5.95 5.95 6.13 5.99 5.75 4.73 1987 5.60 4.22 3.71 4.89 6.16 6.14 6.35 6.28 6.03 4.85 1988 5.84 4.48 3.91 5.05 6.44 6.36 6.76 6.59 6.08 5.12 1989 6.11 4.69 4.10 5.23 6.78 6.68 7.10 6.90 6.38 5.14 1990 6.44 4.95 4.35 5.57 7.07 7.01 7.37 7.16 6.73 5.45 1991 6.75 5.08 4.64 5.71 7.34 7.19 7.73 7.61 6.95 5.76 1992 6.96 5.16 4.69 5.77 7.65 7.45 7.99 7.94 7.20 5.97 Women Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older 16 to 24 years Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1993 7.12 5.27 4.73 5.96 7.87 7.61 8.16 8.18 7.56 6.18 1994 7.25 5.32 4.83 5.98 8.05 7.78 8.44 8.46 7.82 6.24 1995 7.46 5.49 4.94 6.09 8.17 7.92 8.63 8.72 7.93 6.45 1996 7.73 5.68 5.09 6.26 8.43 8.06 8.89 8.94 8.07 6.45 1997 7.94 5.95 5.42 6.55 8.75 8.20 9.14 9.26 8.31 6.83 1998 8.23 6.24 5.78 6.93 9.13 8.80 9.66 9.78 8.85 7.21 1999 8.64 6.60 5.98 7.22 9.53 9.10 9.83 9.95 9.33 7.50 2000 9.06 7.00 6.23 7.80 9.89 9.69 10.03 10.18 9.84 7.87 2001 9.64 7.25 6.61 8.00 10.20 9.94 10.44 10.85 10.39 8.14 2002 9.89 7.45 6.80 8.11 10.71 10.12 10.98 11.18 10.81 8.73 2003 10.08 7.59 6.85 8.19 11.01 10.51 11.17 11.79 11.05 8.84 2004 10.17 7.71 6.86 8.32 11.23 10.62 11.45 11.95 11.57 9.16 2005 10.31 7.80 6.92 8.50 11.58 10.86 11.84 12.13 11.86 9.82 2006 10.65 7.99 7.11 8.82 11.87 11.07 12.05 12.26 12.12 9.97 2007 10.98 8.15 7.41 9.00 12.05 11.21 12.36 12.85 12.23 10.15 2008 11.49 8.43 7.71 9.16 12.48 11.72 12.89 13.16 13.00 10.53 2009 11.76 8.58 7.82 9.19 12.76 11.96 13.00 13.09 13.59 11.11 2010 11.83 8.62 7.91 9.08 12.88 12.04 13.12 13.50 13.68 11.18 2011 11.98 8.73 7.96 9.16 13.10 12.12 13.44 13.76 14.03 11.76 2012 11.99 8.78 8.02 9.17 13.17 12.15 13.46 13.80 14.36 11.84 2013 12.12 8.93 8.09 9.40 13.36 12.23 13.77 13.94 14.53 12.22 2014 12.18 9.14 8.29 9.77 13.50 12.25 14.00 14.14 14.19 12.47 2015 12.56 9.54 8.75 9.95 13.92 12.89 14.13 14.80 14.77 12.66 2016 13.01 10.00 9.07 10.25 14.23 13.08 14.75 14.97 15.10 13.02 2017 13.56 10.28 9.59 11.00 14.83 14.00 14.92 15.16 15.21 13.88 2018 14.06 10.93 9.91 11.68 15.04 14.64 15.22 15.20 15.62 13.77 2019 14.85 11.59 10.09 12.07 15.58 15.10 15.90 15.97 16.18 14.78 2020 15.22 12.12 10.81 12.98 16.50 15.93 16.95 17.07 17.04 15.03 2021 16.02 13.15 11.90 14.06 17.16 16.81 17.81 17.80 17.42 15.80 1979 $5.65 $3.90 $3.19 $4.64 $6.69 $6.38 $7.12 $7.10 $6.59 $3.56 1980 6.10 4.10 3.37 4.92 7.22 6.93 7.81 7.78 7.24 3.79 1981 6.57 4.31 3.64 5.11 7.78 7.33 8.30 8.49 7.88 4.21 1982 6.85 4.38 3.66 5.12 8.08 7.67 8.89 8.88 8.14 4.46 1983 6.92 4.38 3.67 5.05 8.31 7.74 9.22 9.16 8.74 4.75 1984 7.12 4.57 3.72 5.16 8.60 7.88 9.51 9.69 8.86 4.91 1985 7.33 4.68 3.75 5.23 8.85 8.00 9.80 9.97 9.04 4.99 1986 7.59 4.79 3.82 5.43 9.02 8.03 9.99 10.15 9.54 5.18 1987 7.77 4.91 3.95 5.68 9.16 8.26 10.10 10.24 9.72 5.32 1988 7.91 5.03 4.14 5.79 9.38 8.41 10.22 10.69 9.74 5.52 1989 8.10 5.17 4.39 6.02 9.71 8.56 10.59 10.88 10.00 5.90 1990 8.27 5.44 4.64 6.18 9.84 8.83 10.73 11.13 10.17 6.08 1991 8.59 5.58 4.74 6.23 9.98 8.94 10.98 11.71 10.08 6.22 1992 8.67 5.65 4.80 6.24 10.06 9.02 10.93 12.02 10.39 6.45 1993 8.86 5.75 4.87 6.33 10.18 9.10 11.16 12.15 10.96 6.71 1994 9.00 5.88 4.98 6.56 10.29 9.10 11.50 12.10 11.06 6.64 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year 16 to 24 years Total, 16 years and older Total 16 to 19 years 25 years and older 20 to 24 years Total 25 to 34 years 45 to 54 years 35 to 44 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and older 1995 9.23 6.04 5.14 6.82 10.73 9.46 11.89 12.32 11.11 6.85 1996 9.52 6.17 5.25 6.99 10.78 9.70 11.91 12.40 11.15 7.04 1997 9.83 6.45 5.61 7.18 11.10 9.92 12.07 12.80 11.79 6.96 1998 10.06 6.91 5.98 7.78 11.72 10.22 12.48 13.04 12.22 7.74 1999 10.31 7.12 6.18 8.03 12.00 10.84 12.78 13.68 12.21 7.86 2000 10.81 7.63 6.64 8.39 12.24 10.97 13.14 13.90 12.81 8.31 2001 11.32 8.01 6.90 8.92 12.88 11.58 13.92 14.25 12.95 9.00 2002 11.64 8.05 7.02 8.88 13.05 11.89 13.96 14.40 13.38 9.78 2003 11.89 8.14 7.02 9.00 13.25 12.01 14.13 14.93 14.09 9.79 2004 12.02 8.21 7.15 9.07 13.74 12.03 14.60 15.11 14.54 9.90 2005 12.16 8.42 7.21 9.20 13.91 12.17 14.88 15.13 14.79 10.04 2006 12.68 8.79 7.43 9.75 14.27 12.63 15.06 16.04 15.04 10.72 2007 12.95 9.13 7.77 9.96 14.75 12.83 15.17 16.15 15.45 11.01 2008 13.46 9.24 7.98 10.00 15.03 13.47 16.02 16.82 15.90 11.50 2009 13.76 9.22 8.05 9.99 15.07 13.20 16.10 16.99 16.09 12.00 2010 13.76 9.21 8.09 9.90 15.04 13.10 15.83 16.89 16.45 11.92 2011 13.80 9.23 8.16 9.90 15.11 13.18 16.03 16.88 17.07 12.85 2012 13.88 9.44 8.19 9.97 15.17 13.28 16.05 16.99 17.28 13.03 2013 14.00 9.67 8.37 10.00 15.27 13.42 16.21 17.17 17.28 12.88 2014 14.39 9.89 8.63 10.15 15.76 14.08 16.55 17.41 17.46 13.98 2015 14.67 10.03 8.97 10.64 15.86 14.17 16.48 17.55 17.99 14.15 2016 14.96 10.24 9.48 11.15 16.25 14.83 17.20 18.03 18.05 14.78 2017 15.20 10.99 9.88 11.88 17.00 15.15 17.89 18.74 18.60 14.93 2018 16.01 11.74 10.15 12.18 17.76 15.87 18.44 18.99 19.56 14.90 2019 16.76 12.20 10.56 13.12 18.05 16.63 19.16 19.24 19.80 15.81 2020 17.75 13.08 11.60 14.08 19.18 17.56 20.10 21.05 20.15 16.75 2021 18.05 14.18 12.25 14.93 19.84 18.18 20.07 20.74 21.00 17.64 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2021 annual averages [In current dollars] [–] Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity Total 1979 $4.44 $4.51 $4.11 - $4.08 1980 4.82 4.88 4.44 - 4.44 1981 5.15 5.18 4.90 - 4.81 1982 5.40 5.47 5.06 - 5.01 1983 5.59 5.66 5.15 - 5.09 1984 5.83 5.90 5.36 - 5.27 1985 6.03 6.10 5.50 - 5.47 1986 6.20 6.28 5.80 - 5.65 1987 6.47 6.56 5.99 - 5.82 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1988 6.73 6.81 6.15 - 5.95 1989 6.99 7.08 6.43 - 6.07 1990 7.23 7.33 6.81 - 6.28 1991 7.50 7.61 7.00 - 6.46 1992 7.72 7.82 7.06 - 6.65 1993 7.87 7.97 7.18 - 6.83 1994 8.01 8.11 7.29 - 6.93 1995 8.17 8.32 7.66 - 7.00 1996 8.40 8.57 7.76 - 7.17 1997 8.75 8.88 8.01 - 7.39 1998 9.10 9.22 8.39 - 7.92 1999 9.53 9.74 8.85 - 8.07 2000 9.91 9.96 9.34 $10.07 8.54 2001 10.19 10.26 9.78 10.75 9.06 2002 10.47 10.71 9.93 10.36 9.22 2003 10.85 10.97 10.15 11.12 9.76 2004 11.00 11.13 10.19 11.10 9.81 2005 11.19 11.48 10.17 12.01 9.95 2006 11.76 11.86 10.66 12.53 10.12 2007 11.95 12.08 10.89 12.22 10.24 2008 12.23 12.54 11.20 13.01 10.97 2009 12.44 12.66 11.64 13.16 11.04 2010 12.50 12.74 11.77 13.22 10.88 2011 12.71 12.91 11.79 13.35 11.05 2012 12.80 13.04 11.84 13.23 11.12 2013 12.93 13.15 11.90 13.62 11.25 2014 13.14 13.57 11.88 14.00 11.83 2015 13.44 13.87 12.06 14.19 12.04 2016 14.00 14.24 12.49 14.79 12.69 2017 14.63 14.89 12.90 15.06 13.16 2018 14.99 15.16 13.64 15.24 13.99 2019 15.35 15.85 14.66 16.13 14.86 2020 16.36 16.78 15.17 17.25 15.20 2021 17.02 17.22 15.81 17.89 16.05 Women 1979 $3.62 $3.62 $3.55 - $3.44 1980 3.95 3.96 3.88 - 3.78 1981 4.28 4.28 4.19 - 4.10 1982 4.61 4.61 4.49 - 4.33 1983 4.80 4.81 4.72 - 4.42 1984 4.97 4.98 4.87 - 4.65 1985 5.13 5.14 5.04 - 4.82 1986 5.33 5.35 5.17 - 5.00 1987 5.60 5.62 5.40 - 5.11 1988 5.84 5.86 5.61 - 5.28 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1989 6.11 6.13 5.88 - 5.53 1990 6.44 6.46 6.23 - 5.80 1991 6.75 6.76 6.55 - 5.98 1992 6.96 6.99 6.64 - 6.17 1993 7.12 7.16 6.87 - 6.31 1994 7.25 7.34 6.93 - 6.40 1995 7.46 7.54 7.12 - 6.60 1996 7.73 7.79 7.20 - 6.77 1997 7.94 8.00 7.59 - 6.82 1998 8.23 8.33 7.90 - 7.22 1999 8.64 8.73 8.13 - 7.46 2000 9.06 9.09 8.86 $9.77 7.89 2001 9.64 9.73 9.15 10.07 8.28 2002 9.89 9.94 9.45 10.10 8.54 2003 10.08 10.11 9.91 10.68 8.88 2004 10.17 10.21 9.93 10.57 9.04 2005 10.31 10.50 9.93 11.64 9.18 2006 10.65 10.77 10.11 11.95 9.50 2007 10.98 11.06 10.45 11.83 9.80 2008 11.49 11.70 10.78 12.25 10.07 2009 11.76 11.83 11.01 12.67 10.09 2010 11.83 11.88 11.20 12.41 10.11 2011 11.98 12.05 11.28 12.80 10.25 2012 11.99 12.08 11.23 12.75 10.21 2013 12.12 12.21 11.54 13.04 10.49 2014 12.18 12.38 11.57 13.23 10.72 2015 12.56 12.82 11.70 13.80 11.08 2016 13.01 13.20 12.09 14.07 11.79 2017 13.56 13.87 12.55 14.23 12.09 2018 14.06 14.27 13.02 14.95 12.80 2019 14.85 14.93 14.00 15.29 13.74 2020 15.22 15.31 14.95 16.56 14.68 2021 16.02 16.11 15.22 16.84 15.15 1979 $5.65 $5.79 $4.89 - $4.79 1980 6.10 6.23 5.18 - 5.03 1981 6.57 6.71 5.81 - 5.37 1982 6.85 6.98 5.97 - 5.73 1983 6.92 7.07 5.96 - 5.81 1984 7.12 7.26 6.16 - 6.04 1985 7.33 7.58 6.15 - 6.07 1986 7.59 7.78 6.57 - 6.19 1987 7.77 7.93 6.74 - 6.37 1988 7.91 8.06 6.94 - 6.51 1989 8.10 8.28 7.07 - 6.66 Men Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Year Total, 16 years and older White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 1990 8.27 8.55 7.37 - 6.74 1991 8.59 8.82 7.57 - 6.88 1992 8.67 8.89 7.62 - 6.99 1993 8.86 9.07 7.67 - 7.12 1994 9.00 9.21 7.92 - 7.17 1995 9.23 9.62 8.16 - 7.26 1996 9.52 9.79 8.18 - 7.62 1997 9.83 9.96 8.67 - 7.90 1998 10.06 10.18 9.09 - 8.24 1999 10.31 10.61 9.77 - 8.61 2000 10.81 10.95 9.98 $10.79 9.04 2001 11.32 11.61 10.18 11.84 9.67 2002 11.64 11.86 10.24 11.02 9.92 2003 11.89 12.03 10.81 11.89 10.03 2004 12.02 12.16 10.88 11.90 10.02 2005 12.16 12.47 10.90 12.75 10.19 2006 12.68 12.88 11.42 13.18 10.84 2007 12.95 13.22 11.57 13.22 11.07 2008 13.46 13.85 11.99 14.03 11.83 2009 13.76 13.95 12.27 14.01 11.92 2010 13.76 13.97 12.16 14.11 11.73 2011 13.80 14.02 12.06 14.25 11.81 2012 13.88 14.17 12.20 14.15 11.96 2013 14.00 14.24 12.16 14.24 11.99 2014 14.39 14.86 12.21 14.66 12.38 2015 14.67 14.93 12.66 14.87 12.92 2016 14.96 15.13 13.06 15.04 13.83 2017 15.20 15.79 13.34 16.65 14.37 2018 16.01 16.53 14.22 16.69 15.01 2019 16.76 17.10 14.98 17.22 15.25 2020 17.75 17.98 15.88 18.04 16.24 2021 18.05 18.48 16.12 19.05 17.03 Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race; estimates for the race groups include Hispanics. Dash indicates data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Technical Notes The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), which provide information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically selected national sample of about 60,000 eligible households representing all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The survey data on earnings are based on one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. All self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, are excluded from the data presented in this report. The earnings comparisons in this report are on a broad level and do not control for many factors that can help explain earnings differences. This includes the direct comparisons of earnings levels among demographic groups and the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios (that is, women’s earnings as a percentage of men’s) shown in the tables. For example, the overall ratio of women’s-to-men’s earnings for full-time workers presented here is not controlled for differences in important determinants of earnings such as age, occupation, and educational attainment. The earnings comparisons in this report are not restricted to workers with otherwise comparable characteristics and comparable jobs. Even controlling for one of the factors may not fully explain earnings differences. Comparisons of women’s and men’s earnings by detailed occupation, for example, are not simultaneously controlled for differences in key factors such as age, job skills and responsibilities, work experience, and specialization. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. Material in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission. Concepts and definitions The principal concepts and definitions used in this report are described briefly below. Wage and salary workers are people age 16 and older who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payments-in-kind, or piece rates on their sole or principal job. This group includes employees in both the public and private sectors. All self-employed workers are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Full-time workers are defined, for the purpose of these estimates, as those who usually work 35 hours or more per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment. Part-time workers are defined, for the purpose of these estimates, as those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at their sole or principal job. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full- or part-time employment. Usual weekly earnings reflect earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Before 1994, survey respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Median earnings reflect the midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of the workers having earnings above the median and the other half having earnings below the median. This applies to both usual weekly and hourly earnings estimates. The BLS procedure for estimating the median of a weekly earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a multiple of $50. Similarly, for hourly earnings, medians are calculated based on earnings distributions using $0.50-wide intervals that are centered around multiples of $0.50. In both cases, the median is calculated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies. Changes over time in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall median boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows: There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to 24-year-olds, and 25 years and older may rise. However, if the lower-earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total, the overall median could actually fall. There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a median boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values, such as $700 or $800. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked earnings distribution that shifts over time. As this distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians mitigate such irregular movements, however, users should be cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians. Workers paid hourly rates are employed wage and salary workers who report that they are paid by the hour on their job. Typically, workers who are paid an hourly wage have made up approximately 60 percent of all wage and salary workers. Estimates of workers paid by the hour include both full- and part-time workers unless otherwise specified. Hourly earnings data are for wage and salary workers who are paid by the hour and pertain to earnings from a person’s sole or principal job. Hourly earnings for hourly paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received. Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage include only workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly paid workers are excluded, even though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the federal minimum wage. The estimates of workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage in this report are based solely on whether the hourly wage they report (which does not include overtime pay, tips, or commissions) is at or below the federal minimum wage. Some respondents might round hourly earnings when answering survey questions. As a result, some workers might report having hourly earnings above or below the federal minimum wage when, in fact, they earn the minimum wage. Some workers who reported earnings below the prevailing federal minimum wage may not be covered by federal or state minimum wage laws because of exclusions and exemptions in the statutes. Thus, the presence of workers with hourly earnings below the federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the federal Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or state statutes in cases where such standards apply. The CPS does not include questions on whether workers are covered by the minimum wage provisions of the FLSA or by individual state or local minimum wage laws. The estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour because there are data quality concerns associated with constructing such an estimate. Regular collection of earnings data in the basic CPS began in 1979. The prevailing federal minimum wage from 1979 to the present is as follows, with the last change occurring in 2009. Federal minimum wage Effective date $2.90 January 1, 1979 $3.10 January 1, 1980 $3.35 January 1, 1981 $3.80 April 1, 1990 $4.25 April 1, 1991 $4.75 October 1, 1996 $5.15 September 1, 1997 $5.85 July 24, 2007 $6.55 July 24, 2008 $7.25 July 24, 2009 When the minimum wage has increased during a given year, the annual average estimates of the number of minimum wage workers reflect both minimum wage levels in effect during the year. For example, data for 2007 reflect the number of workers who earned the federal minimum wage of $5.15 for January to July and the number of workers who earned the minimum wage of $5.85 for August to December. Race is reported by the household survey respondent. In accordance with the Office of Management and Budget standards, White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories are those who selected that race group only. People who identify as more than one race are tabulated separately in the category Two or More Races. Before 2003, people identified one group as their main race. For more information on the 2003 changes to questions on race, see “Revisions to the Current Population Survey Effective in January 2003.” Data for other race groups—American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders—and for people of Two or More Races are included in totals but not separately identified in this report because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of acceptable reliability. Hispanic or Latino ethnicity refers to people who identified themselves in the survey process as being of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. People who identify themselves as Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may be of any race and are included in estimates for the race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) in addition to being shown separately. Married, spouse present refers to people in opposite-sex marriages or same-sex marriages living together in the same household, even though one spouse may be temporarily absent on business, on vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital status refers to people who never married; and those who are widowed; divorced; separated; married, spouse absent; as well as people in same-sex marriages. Separated includes people with legal separations, those living apart with intentions of obtaining a divorce, and other people permanently or temporarily separated because of marital discord. Married, spouse absent, includes married people living apart because either the husband or wife was employed and living at a considerable distance from home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces, had moved to another area, or had a different place of residence for any other reason except those listed in the separated definition above. Inflation-adjusted earnings shown in this report use the Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) to convert current dollars to constant, or inflation-adjusted, dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the histories of official CPI series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the entire series. For further information, see the CPI research series webpage. This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS available at the time of production. Users should note that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the inflation-adjusted median earnings estimates in this report may differ from the rate used in previous reports in this series or in other publications. Reliability Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.645 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. Readers should be aware that, because of sampling error, apparent differences between estimates for two or more groups or categories may not be statistically significant, and therefore not meaningfully different from one another. Standard errors are shown with many of the median earnings estimates in this report to help readers evaluate differences in earnings estimates. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. Further information about the reliability of data from the CPS is available on the CPS Technical Documentation page of the BLS website. U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Division of Information and Marketing Services PSB Suite 2850 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE Washington, DC 20212-0001 Telephone:1-202-691-5200 Telecommunications Relay Service:7-1-1 www.bls.gov/OPUB Contact Us
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