The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
a«3
%
\
w
Geographic Profile of
Employment and
Unemployment, 1980
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
March 1982
Bulletin 2111
§0UftfWS3? fehoOUR; r r y r
UNiVEFJSJTY
u.s. D sp o sn ciw
-v
ft o D 1 « sj 3C
sy 1 o
lent em p oym ent errs oym ent emp oym ent em m
.sentunem 3 oym ent em oym ent em?| oym ent emp
'm erit
em B oym ent em oym ent emp oym ent em
m e nt eml6 oym ent emb oym ent em b oym ent em I
sent em B oym ent em oym ent emp oym ent emb
emb oym ent em? oym ent unemB
'm erit emPi joyment
emp loym ent emb oym ent eml
'm erit em ©yment
.. jent em oym ent em ? oym ent @m?i oym ent emp
_/m erit em B oyment emp oym ent em? oym ent em
S
lym ent
em oym ent em oym ent e m l oym ent
em oym ent em
unemp! ©yment
em © y m e i n i t
jym ent
em ©yment emp oym ent em oyment em
jym ent
em Boym ent em
em ©yment enre ©yment
jym ent
em
em oym ent
em oyment
m en
em oyment
em i loyment em
em ©yment
oyment
lent ©m
em, oyment
em
era ©yment ®m ©yment
ent
em oyment
em
em ©yment em oyment
le n t
em oyment em
c B ©yment emp oyment
:
lent
©m oym ent em
m ent ©m ©yment em oym ent
© m oym ent em
D
em oym ent
em ©yment
, . . . lent
em oym ent em
yment era ©yment ema ©yment
em 3 ©yment em
oyment
yment era & ©yment emp
em
© m oym ent
D 5
yment ®m ©yment emp oym ent
em ©yment
em
emp oym ent
ym ent emB ©yment
em
©yment
ym ent em oyment emp oym ent
em 1 oym ent emp oym ent © D in oym ent em
yment
it ' Bloym ent em
yment em toyment emp oym ent
ym ent em oym ent emp Oyment em loym ent em i
ym ent e m loym ent emu m ■ym ent unem oym ent unem 4
:
ym ent Iem li oym ent empioym ent emi 3 oym ent em I I
ymentunem oynient emp oym ent I em Pi oym ent em (
<
ym ent sm s oym ent e m ) ©yment em 3 oym ent em l 1
ym ent emp oym ent emp ©yment em P oym ent em <
■ ent etnp oym ent emp oym ent empi oym ent unemp <
'm
m ent em oym ent em ) oym ent emp ovm ent em
m ent emp oym ent emp oym ent emb oym ent emp (
Geographic Profile of
Employment and
Unemployment, 1980
U.S. Department of Labor
Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
March 1982
Bulletin 2111
For sale by the Superintendent ot Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $6.00
Praia©©
This bulletin presents data from the Current Popula
tion Survey (CPS) for States, 30 large metropolitan
areas, and 11 central cities. It provides 1980 annual
averages for the employed and the unemployed by
demographic and economic characteristics which incor
porate population counts projected from the 1970
decennial census. The estimates will be revised to incor
porate population counts derived from the 1980 census
and will be published as they become available.
Data for earlier years were published in the following
reports: Geographic Profile o f Employment and
Unemployment, 1975 (Report 481) and 1976 (Report
504); State Profile o f Employment and Unemployment,
1977 (Report 539); Geographic Profile o f Employment
and Unemployment: States, 1978, Metropolitan Areas,
1977-78 (Report 571); and Geographic Profile o f
Employment and Unemployment, 1979 (Report 619).
The official BLS estimates presented in section IV
are developed from a Federal-State cooperative pro
gram and are used in the administration of Federal fund
allocation programs. However, the data from the CPS
iii
for metropolitan areas and cities shown in section III
are also used in the administration of section 202 (F) (2)
(B) of the Comprehensive Employment and Training
Act Amendments of 1978.
New data include hours of work and additional detail
by sex, race, and marital status. Data for two
metropolitan areas, New York and Minneapolis-St.
Paul, are now based on the Labor Market Area (LMA)
rather than the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
(SMSA). For further detail, see appendix C.
This bulletin was prepared in the Division of Local
Area Unemployment Statistics by Richard Rosen,
Anderia Thomas, Paul Hadlock, and Joya Ashe under
the supervision of Sylvia Small. The tables were
prepared under the direction of Fred Cronkhite. Sandy
Grove, Denis Keyes, William L. Salvatore, and George
Schreider shared in this effort.
Material in the publication is in the public domain
and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced
without permission.
Contents
Page
Section!. The employment situation in the States, 1980 ................................................................. 2
Labor force changes....................................................................................................................... 2
Employment changes..................................................................................................................... 3
Unemployment...............................................................................................................................5
Text tables:
1. Civilian labor force by State ranked by percent change, 1979 and 1980
annual averages.................................................................................................................. 3
2. Civilian labor force participation rates for major demographic groups by State,
1980 annual averages
...........................................................................
.4
Charts:
1. Changes in State unemployment rates, 1979-80 ...................................................................6
2. Unemployment rate by State, 1980 annual averages............................................................ 6
3. Unemployment rate differences: Black and other vs. white, 1980 annual averages............ 7
4. Percent black and other of total unemployment in the State, 1980 annual averages.......... 7
Section II. State estimates fromthe Current Population Survey..................................................... 9
Tables: 1980 annual averages:
1. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and
over by State, sex, age, race, and marital status.....................; ........................................10
2. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force 16 years and over by
State, sex, age, and ra c e .................................................................................................... 28
3. Labor force status of the experienced civilian labor force by occupation and State...........33
4. Occupational distribution of employment by State, sex, and race..................................... 37
5. Nonagricultural wage and salary employment by hours of work by State..........................44
6. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason by S ta te ..................................... 45
7. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment by State, sex, age, and r a c e ........... 46
8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment by State, sex, age, and r a c e ............. 50
9. Labor force status of the black civilian noninstitutional population by
State and s e x ......................................................................................................
54
10. Labor force status of the Hispanic-origin population, selected States,
by sex and a g e ....................
56
11. Full- and part-time status of the Hispanic labor force, selected States, by s e x .................. 57
12. Occupational distribution of employed persons of Hispanic origin, selected S tates........57
Section III. Metropolitan area and city estimates from the Current Population Survey............ 58
Tables: 1980 annual averages:
13. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over
in 30 large metropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex, age, race, and
marital status..................................................................................................................... 59
14. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force 16 years and over in 30 large
metropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex, age, and race............................................ 73
v
Contents—Continued
Page
15. Labor force status of the experienced labor force by occupation in 30 large
metropolitan areas and 11 large cities.............................................................................. 78
16. Occupational distribution of employment in 30 large metropolitan areas and
11 large citie^ by sex and race............................................................... ............................ 81
17. Nonagricultural wage and salary employment by hours of work in 30 large
metropolitan areas and 11 large cities.................................. .......... . ............................. 88
18. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment in 30 large metropolitan
areas and 11 large cities by sex, age, and race...................................................................89
19. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment in 30 large metropolitan areas
and 11 large cities by sex, age, and race ......................................................................... 92
20. Labor force status of the black civilian noninstitutional population in 30 large
metropolitan areas and 11 large cities by s e x ...................................................................95
21. Labor force status of the Hispanic-origin population in selected metropolitan
areas by sex and age ......................................................................................................... 97
22. Full- and part-time status of the Hispanic labor force in selected
metropolitan areas ....................................................... ................................................... 98
23. Occupational distribution of employed persons of Hispanic origin in selected
metropolitan areas ...........................................................................................
99
Section IV. Unemployment estimates for States and large Labor Market A re a s....................... 100
Tables:
24. Monthly CPS unemployment rates for 10 large States, 1970-80...................................... 101
25. Monthly unemployment rates from the Federal-State Cooperative Program for
40 States and the District of Columbia, 1976-80 ........................................................... 103
26. Labor force and unemployment estimates for States and selected metropolitan
areas, 1979 and 1980 annual averages............................................................................. 106
Appendixes:
A. Definitions of data derived from the Current Population Survey.................................. I ll
B. CPS sampling and estimation procedures and sampling error ta b le s.............................113
C. Geographic boundary definitions for 30 large metropolitan a re a s........... ....................144
D. Procedures for estimating employment and unemployment under the
Federal-State Cooperative Program ............................................................
vi
147
Geographic Profile ©f
Employment and
Unemployment, 1980
subject to sampling error.1Error ranges have been pro
vided, at a 90-percent confidence interval, for the un
employment rates in the first table of sections II and
III. In addition, appendix B provides tables from which
the sampling error ranges can be obtained for the data
in other tables in these sections.
The Federal-State Cooperative Program provides
monthly and annual average labor force and unemploy
ment estimates for the 50 States and for 230 major la
bor market areas (section IV). These estimates are
largely based upon administrative statistics from the un
employment insurance system, adjusted to conform to
CPS annual estimates for the States. For the 10 largest
States, however, both the monthly and annual estimates
are obtained from the CPS. Appendix D describes the
procedures for estimating employment and unemploy
ment under this program.
Data on unemployment in States and sub-State areas
are available from two major sources—the Current
Population Survey (CPS) and the Federal-State Coop
erative Program.
The CPS is the regular monthly survey of about
65,000 households from which the national unemploy
ment rate is derived. (See appendix A for definitions
and concepts in the CPS, and appendix B for a descrip
tion of estimation procedures.) Annual average esti
mates of the demographic characteristics of the labor
force (age, sex, and race) and the economic character
istics of the employed and unemployed are published
for the 50 States, 30 large metropolitan areas, and 11
large cities, if they meet BLS standards of reliability
for publication. (See appendix B for an explanation of
the BLS standard for publication of CPS data.)
Estimates for States are shown in section II and for
metropolitan areas and cities in section III.
Since these estimates are based on a survey rather
than on a complete census of the population, they are
'The CPS estimates in this report do not reflect the 1980 Census
results. See appendix B for more details.
1
Se©ti©si S The Employment
.
Situation in the States, 1980
cent. Outside these regions, Illinois and New Hamp
shire were the only two States with significant growth.
(See text table 1.) In 1979, eight States in the North
Central and Northeastern regions had significant labor
force gains.
Not all demographic groups shared equally in these
gains. Although the number of men and women in the
labor force increased slightly in most States, their gains
were not generally large enough to be statistically sig
nificant. Labor force gains for men were not significant
in any State, while significant gains for women occurred
in only three States—Arizona, Colorado, and Oregon.
The white labor force grew sharply (more than 5
percent) in four States—Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, and
Mississippi. None of these States had significant labor
force gains for black and other workers. However, the
black and other labor force grew very sharply—over
20 percent—in Delaware, Nevada, and Oklahoma; and
by about 9 percent in California.
Despite the long-term movement of black workers
to the more industrialized States, the black and other
labor force continued to have a large Southern base,
with 46 percent residing in that region. (In 1970, about
50 percent resided in the Southern States.) California
and New York had the largest black and other labor
force; about 10 percent of the national total were in
each of the two States. Additionally, Florida and Texas
together accounted for more than 10 percent of the
black and other labor force.
The black and other labor force includes, in addition
to blacks, American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Asians
and Pacific Islanders, and all other races other than
white. While a majority of the black and other group
is “black” in most States, in several West North Cen
tral States and most of the Mountain States, a majority
of the black and other population is American Indian.
In Alaska, the black and other group is primarily Alas
kan Natives, while in Hawaii, Asians and Pacific Is
landers constitute the largest share of the population.
Both labor force and enployment growth slowed in
1980 in most States, but the effect of the 1980 recession
was most apparent in the North Central industrial States,
where 45 percent of the increase in unemployment was
concentrated. In four Western States, employment gains
continued through the recession—Arizona, California,
Colorado, and Nevada. However, of these Western
States, only California had significant employment gains
for black and other workers. Unemployment rates for
black and other workers were higher than for whites
in nearly all of the States for which data are pub
lished—and higher by 10 percentage points or more in
11 States.
Additional information on the differences in the em
ployment situation among the States is given in the fol
lowing text and tables, which include several new ta
bles for which data were not available in earlier years.
Expanded tables for 30 large metropolitan areas and 11
cities are also presented.
Because of changes in geographic boundary defini
tions in the Minneapolis-St. Paul and New York areas,
users of these data should exercise caution when mak
ing over-the-year comparisons. Readers are also encour
aged to use the tests of significance and error ranges
provided in this and earlier Geographic Profile reports
in order to assess the importance of changes.
Labor force changes
The rate of growth of the national labor force slowed
to 1.8 percent in 1980, as the number of States with
statistically significant labor force gains dropped to 14.2
In 1979, when the national labor force increased by 2.5
percent, there were 19 States with significant gains. The
14 States where growth was significant in 1980 were
primarily in the West and South. However, growth
rates in several of the Western States were smaller than
they had been a year before.
The labor force increased by nearly 4.5 percent or
more in Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, and Oregon in
1980. In the other Western and Southern States where
growth was significant, labor force gains were 2-4 per-
Labor force participation rates. The labor force partici
pation rate—the percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over who were either employed
or unemployed in 1980—ranged from about 55 percent
in Florida and West Virginia to 70 percent or more in
four Western States—Alaska, Colorado, Nevada, and
Wyoming. Nationally, the labor force participation rate
2The word “significant” in this report means that a statistical test
of significance has been performed on the data and that the year-toyear change in a sample estimate has been found to be “statistically
significant.” This method takes into account the statistical error (sam
pling variability) of estimates, based on the sample in each State. See
appendix B for further discussion.
2
Text table 1. Civilian labor force by State ranked by percent change, 1979 and 1980 annual averages
L a b o r fo r c e
(in th o u s a n d s )
L a b o r fo r c e
(in th o u s a n d s )
P e rc e
chang
S ta te
S ta te
1 97 9
1 97 9
O r e g o n ............................................
A la s k a ............................................
U t a h .................................................
M is s is s ip p i ..................................
K e n tu c k y .......................................
N e w H a m p s h ir e .......................
1 ,0 5 2
1 ,3 8 6
358
1 ,2 1 7
180
584
986
1 ,5 6 3
445
1 ,1 2 6
1 ,4 7 4
376
1,271
1 87
607
1 ,0 2 3
1,621
461
O k l a h o m a ....................................
1,2 7 8
1 ,3 2 5
I l l i n o i s ............................................
G e o r g i a .........................................
224
6 ,2 4 4
450
1 ,6 7 9
488
2 ,0 6 4
750
3 ,8 3 5
5,331
2 ,3 3 4
2 32
6 ,4 1 2
4 62
1 ,7 2 3
5 00
2 ,1 1 6
7 68
3 ,9 2 5
5 ,4 4 7
2 ,3 8 5
3 .6
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
C o n n e c t i c u t ..................................
V e r m o n t .........................................
V ir g in ia .........................................
C a l i f o r n i a .......................................
M a r y l a n d .......................................
1,581
240
2 ,4 7 7
1 0 ,9 6 8
2 ,0 9 2
1 ,6 1 6
2 45
2 ,5 3 0
1 1 ,2 0 3
2 ,1 3 3
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.0
3 03
9 54
275
2 ,6 9 2
1 ,9 7 9
309
972
280
2,741
2 ,0 1 5
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
P e n n s y lv a n ia ...............................
M o n t a n a .........................................
N e w J e r s e y ..................................
I o w a .................................................
3.7
W y o m in g .......................................
T e x a s ..............................................
R h o d e I s l a n d ...............................
L o u i s i a n a .......................................
N o r th D a k o t a ...............................
A r k a n s a s .......................................
D e l a w a r e .......................................
N o r th C a r o l in a ............................
T e n n e s s e e ....................................
7.0
6.3
5.0
4.4
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.7
3 .6
1 980
5 ,2 9 6
369
3 ,5 3 7
1 ,4 3 2
537
1 ,6 2 5
5 ,0 3 6
5 ,3 6 8
374
3 ,5 8 2
1 ,4 4 9
543
1 ,6 4 2
5 ,0 8 6
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
1 ,8 9 2
772
422
2 ,6 1 0
399
2 ,2 9 2
1 ,9 0 8
7 77
4 24
2 ,6 2 0
4 00
2 ,2 9 5
2,401
2 ,8 9 3
1,1 9 8
1 ,3 0 6
337
7 ,9 9 2
4 ,2 9 8
.8
.6
.5
.4
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.0
.0
-.2
-.3
1 98 0
A r i z o n a ............................................
C o l o r a d o .......................................
N e v a d a ............................................
M a i n e ..............................................
M i n n e s o t a ....................................
W e s t V i r g i n i a ...............................
F l o r i d a ............................................
N e w M e x ic o ..................................
A la b a m a .......................................
O h i o .............................................. ..
W a s h in g t o n ..................................
N e b r a s k a .......................................
I d a h o ..............................................
I n d ia n a ............................................
H a w a i i ............................................
M i s s o u r i .........................................
W i s c o n s i n ....................................
M a s s a c h u s e t t s ..........................
K a n s a s ............................................
S o u th C a r o l i n a ..........................
S o u th D a k o ta ............................
N e w Y o r k .......................................
M i c h i g a n .......................................
2,381
2,891
1,1 9 7
1,3 0 6
3 37
8 ,0 0 8
4 ,3 1 3
South Dakota), participation rates for the black and
other group were even lower—less than 55 percent.
averaged 63.8 percent in 1980. Four North Central farm
States (Kansas, Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wiscon
sin) were among the highest in labor force participa
tion, along with Connecticut and New Hampshire in
the Northeast, and Maryland in the South. Labor force
attachment was generally lowest in the South, as 7 of
the 10 States with the lowest participation rates were
in this region. (See text table 2.)
Participation of adult men ranged from a low of 69
percent in Florida—where many retirees reside—up to
86 percent in Wyoming. The labor force attachment of
adult women continued to be well below that of adult
men in most States but ranged widely, from below 40
percent in West Virginia to over 60 percent in Alaska.
Teenage participation rates in the States varied from
about 44 percent in Alabama to nearly 72 percent in
Minnesota. Regionally, participation of teenagers in the
labor force was lowest in the South. (Six of the seven
States where participation rates were below 50 percent
were in this region.) Participation was highest in the
North Central farm States.
The labor force participation rate for black and other
workers (61.2 percent) averaged 2.6 percentage points
below the average for all workers in 1980. In several
States where American Indians or Alaskan Natives con
stituted a major proportion of the black and other popu
lation (Alaska, Montana, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and
P e rc e n t
change
Employment changes
Nationally, employment rose 0.3 percent to 97.3 mil
lion in 1980, the smallest increase in any year since 1975.
In only four Western States were employment gains
statistically significant—Arizona, California, Colorado,
and Nevada. In 1979, when the increase in national em
ployment was 2.7 percent, there were significant em
ployment gains in 17 States.
Employment fell significantly in 1980 in two
States—Michigan (220,000 or 5.6 percent) and Indiana
(75,000 or 3.1 percent). No State had a significant em
ployment decline in 1979. About two-thirds of the 1980
employment decline in Michigan was among white
workers. In Indiana, nearly all of the decline was among
white workers.
Among the States where employment grew sharply,
California showed a nearly equal increase for white and
black and other workers. In Arizona, however, while
gains for white workers were very sharp, employment
among black and other workers declined. Employment
among white workers also rose significantly (5 percent
or more) in Alaska, Colorado, and Mississippi, while
changes for black and other workers were not large
enough to be significant.
3
Text table 2. Civilian labor force participation rates for major demographic groups by State, 1980 annual averages
S ta te
T o ta l
W h ite
B la c k
and
o th e r
A d u lt
m en
A d u lt
w om en
Teen
a g e rs
U n ite d S t a t e s ............................................
6 3.8
6 4 .2
6 1 .2
7 9.4
5 1.4
5 6.9
A l a b a m a .................................................................
A l a s k a ......................................................................
A r i z o n a ...................................................................
A r k a n s a s ..............................................................
C a l i f o r n i a ..............................................................
C o lo r a d o .................................................................
C o n n e c t i c u t ......................................... ...............
D e l a w a r e ..............................................................
D is t r ic t o f C o l u m b i a ................................... .
F l o r i d a ............................... ....................................
5 9 .2
7 1 .3
6 2 .3
6 0 .0
6 5 .5
7 1 .4
6 7 .7
6 4 .4
6 5 .7
5 6 .3
6 0 .4
7 5 .4
6 2 .5
6 1 .3
6 5 .8
7 1.3
6 7 .5
6 4 .7
7 2 .3
55.1
5 5 .8
5 4.0
5 7 .3
5 2 .3
6 3 .7
7 2 .6
7 0 .7
63.1
6 2 .6
6 3 .6
7 5 .8
8 5 .4
7 7.3
7 3 .9
7 9.9
86.1
8 2 .4
8 0 .0
7 5.4
69.1
4 8 .0
6 1 .5
4 8 .6
4 8 .8
5 3 .7
5 9 .3
5 5 .5
5 1 .3
6 2 .4
4 5 .4
4 3 .9
5 3.3
6 3 .8
5 4 .8
5 9 .6
6 3 .3
6 3 .5
6 0 .7
3 7 .3
5 5 .8
G e o r g ia ...................................................................
H a w a ii ...................................................................
6 4 .8
6 1 .3
65.1
6 6 .6
6 5 .6
6 6 .9
6 7 .6
6 2 .9
61.1
6 1 .4
6 3 .0
6 4 .9
I d a h o ........................................................................
I l l i n o i s ......................................................................
I n d i a n a ...................................................................
I o w a .................. .................................................
K a n s a s ...................................................................
K e n tu c k y ..............................................................
L o u i s i a n a ..............................................................
M a in e ......................................................................
6 4 .4
6 3 .8
65.1
6 5 .5
6 5 .7
6 6 .6
6 7 .6
6 2 .6
60.1
6 1 .5
7 9.4
7 3.8
80.1
8 1 .7
8 1 .2
8 2 .8
8 1.0
7 8.6
7 8.3
7 6.2
5 3 .9
5 7 .7
51.1
5 2 .3
5 3 .2
5 2 .0
5 5 .5
5 0 .0
4 7 .6
5 0.2
5 3 .6
50.1
6 3.2
5 8.4
5 8.6
6 5 .2
6 5.9
5 4.5
4 5.6
5 4.0
M a r y la n d ..............................................................
M a s s a c h u s e t t s .................................................
M ic h ig a n ..............................................................
M in n e s o ta ...........................................................
M is s is s ip p i .........................................................
M i s s o u r i .................................................................
M o n t a n a ............. ...................................................
N e b r a s k a ..............................................................
N e v a d a ...................................................................
N e w H a m p s h ir e .................................................
6 8 .3
6 5 .6
6 3 .2
6 9 .6
5 9 .9
6 2 .5
6 4 .4
6 6 .6
71.1
6 8 .8
6 7 .6
6 5 .5
6 3 .9
6 9 .5
6 1 .0
7 1.0
6 7 .5
5 8 .3
7 0 .0
6 2 .6
6 4 .9
6 6 .7
7 1 .0
6 8 .7
0
8 3 .0
8 0 .7
7 8.6
8 1 .8
7 5.2
7 7.4
7 9.9
8 1 .6
84.1
8 2 .7
5 7 .0
5 3.0
4 9.7
5 7 .6
4 9 .2
5 0 .3
5 1.5
5 3 .6
5 9 .3
5 6.5
6 0.0
6 2.5
6 0.4
7 1 .9
48.1
5 8.5
5 6.7
6 4 .2
6 2 .8
6 5 .7
N e w J e r s e y .........................................................
N e w M e x i c o .........................................................
N e w Y o r k ..............................................................
N o r t h C a r o l i n a ....................................................
N o r t h D a k o t a ......................................................
6 4 .5
6 1 .5
6 0 .4
6 7 .7
6 5 .3
64.1
6 2 .5
6 5 .8
6 0 .2
6 5 .6
6 3 .5
5 5 .7
5 7 .6
6 2 .6
5 4 .5
6 0 .5
5 4 .5
6 6 .9
5 7 .2
6 3 .8
8 1 .6
7 8.9
7 7.6
8 0 .9
8 0 .4
8 0 .6
7 8.0
7 9.9
7 7.0
7 8 .6
5 2 .4
O h io .........................................................................
O k l a h o m a ..............................................................
O r e g o n ...................................................................
P e n n s y l v a n i a ......................................................
R h o d e I s l a n d ......................................................
6 4 .4
6 1 .0
6 0 .0
6 6 .6
6 5 .0
6 3 .7
6 1 .7
6 5 .8
6 0 .0
6 5 .6
4 6 .9
4 8 .2
5 6 .2
5 1 .3
4 9 .9
4 8 .4
53.1
4 5 .9
5 3 .8
5 1 .8
5 1 .2
45.1
56.1
59.1
5 8 .6
5 6 .6
6 1 .3
5 5 .3
6 6 .3
S o u th C a r o l in a .................................... : ............
S o u th D a k o t a ....................................................
T e n n e s s e e ...........................................................
T e x a s ......................................................................
U ta h ........................................................................
V e r m o n t .................................................................
V i r g i n i a ...................................................................
W a s h i n g t o n .......... ..............................................
W e s t V i r g i n i a ......................................................
W is c o n s in ............................................................
W y o m i n g ..............................................................
6 2 .6
6 7 .5
6 1 .3
6 5 .8
6 5 .9
6 6 .5
6 6 .2
6 4 .8
5 4 .7
6 7 .6
7 0 .0
6 4 .0
6 8 .2
6 1 .9
6 6 .0
6 5 .9
6 6 .5
6 7 .2
6 4 .8
5 4 .6
6 7 .8
7 0 .2
59.1
5 2 .7
5 8 .2
6 4 .7
6 5 .5
7 8 .6
8 1 .7
7 6 .8
8 2 .2
8 2 .5
8 0 .5
8 1 .8
7 9 .6
7 3.7
8 0 .9
8 6 .3
5 2 .7
5 4 .3
5 0.0
5 2 .4
4 9 .7
5 4.5
55.1
5 1 .5
3 9.2
5 5.0
5 5.2
4 4.3
67.1
4 9 .7
5 8 .8
6 9 .7
6 1 .8
5 4 .9
6 1 .8
4 5 .8
6 8 .9
6 3 .3
1
(’ )
5 8 .6
6 6 .7
0)
6 7 .0
58.1
5 7 .3
0)
5 7 .5
6 1 .4
54.1
6 3 .9
7 2.7
(1)
6 1 .8
6 5 .0
(1)
6 4 .0
(1)
E s t im a t e n o t s u f f i c i e n t ly la r g e t o m e e t B L S s t a n d a r d s o f r e li a b i l it y
f o r t h e S ta te , b a s e d o n th e s a m p le in t h e S ta te .
Employment of men held relatively steady in 1980,
except in the three industrial North Central States of
Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, where very sharp em
ployment declines for men reflected the 1980 auto pro
duction slowdown. Female employment did not decline
significantly in any State, while substantial gains oc
curred in only two States, Arizona and Colorado—many
fewer than in recent years.
Occupational distribution of employment. White-collar
workers outnumbered blue-collar workers in all States
except West Virginia in 1980. Among men, craft
workers continued to constitute the largest group (about
one-fifth), except in four States—Delaware, Maryland,
4
New Mexico, and New York—where the number of
professional and technical workers was greater. Female
employment tended to be more concentrated, with onethird of the total in clerical occupations in most States.
Service occupations accounted for the next largest cate
gory—about one-fifth.
Hours of work and full-time vs. part-time status. Among
persons employed in nonagricultural wage and salary
jobs, average hours of work ranged from just under 37
in Massachusetts and Rhode Island to 40 in Alaska. On
the average, 4 out of every 5 employed persons in most
States had full-time jobs in 1980. Among full-time
workers, average hours were lowest in New York (41.9)
and highest in Alaska (45.4).
The part-time labor force, which consists of persons
voluntarily working less than 35 hours per week and
those unemployed seeking part-time jobs, constituted
about 15 percent of the national labor force in 1980. In
six States (Alabama, Alaska, Nevada, South Carolina,
Tennessee, and West Virginia), this percentage was
smaller (12 percent or less).
States with higher part-time work forces (18 percent
or more) were Minnesota, South Dakota, Utah, and
Wisconsin.
Unemployment
Unemployment rate increases between 1979 and 1980
were widespread among the States, as the national un
employment rate rose sharply, from 5.8 to 7.1 percent.
There were significant increases in 32 States in all re
gions, although some regions were affected more than
others. (See chart 1.)
In nine States, including five industrial North Cen
tral States (Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, and Wis
consin) where cutbacks were prevalent in transporta
tion equipment and related durable goods manufactur
ing industries, the increase was more than 2.0 percent
age points. These five States accounted for nearly 45
percent of the national increase in unemployment. Un
employment rates also rose sharply in the adjacent States
of Kentucky, West Virginia, and Missouri, and in
Idaho. In 1979, only Michigan had a significant increase
in unemployment, as the automobile production slow
down began.
Hawaii was the only State where unemployment fell
significantly during 1980.
Five States had unemployment rates higher than 8.5
percent in 1980: Michigan had the highest rate, 12.6
percent, followed by Alaska, Indiana, West Virginia,
and Alabama. (See chart 2.) Only Alaska had a rate as
high as 8.5 percent in 1979.
By contrast, there were three Northwestern farm
States with unemployment rates lower than 4.5 percent
in 1980 (Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming), compared
with eleven States in 1979. However, even in these
three States, 1980 unemployment rates were about 1.0
percentage point higher than in 1979.
Unemployment by demographic group. Unemployment
rates for both white and black and other workers were
very high in the States most directly affected by the
slowdown in automobile and related manufacturing in
dustries. Unemployment rates were over 7 percent for
white workers in most of the industrial North Central
States and, in Michigan, over 11 percent. By contrast,
unemployment rates for white workers were below 5
percent in the central farm belt States, from North Da
kota down to Texas, and in several Southern States.
Unemployment rates for black and other workers
were at least 10 percent in 41 of the 44 States where
separate rates are published for 1980, including 16 States
with rates of at least 15 percent. The highest rates were
in Michigan, Montana, and North Dakota (over 20 per
cent). Only in Hawaii was the unemployment rate for
black and other workers under 5 percent. Asians and
Pacific Islanders constitute a majority of the black and
other population in this State.
Thus, despite increases for whites, unemployment
rates for black and other workers continued to be sig
nificantly higher than those for white workers in nearly
all States. (See chart 3.) Nationally, the 1980 unemploy
ment rate for black and other workers (13.2 percent)
was about 7 percentage points higher than for whites.
In 11 States, including 8 of 12 in the North Central re
gion, the unemployment rate for black and other
workers was at least 10 percentage points higher than
for whites. Montana, Tennessee, and Pennsylvania were
the other States where the unemployment differential
was this large.
Despite the relatively high unemployment rates for
black and other workers in the North Central region,
43 percent of their total unemployed were in the South,
reflecting the concentration of their population in this
region. The black and other group accounted for more
than half of the unemployed in Mississippi and more
than one-third in seven other Southern States, and in
Alaska and Hawaii. (See chart 4.) In most of these
States, their share of unemployment was close to dou
ble their representation in the labor force.
Duration of unemployment. The rise in unemployment
during 1980 was accompanied by an increase in the du
ration of unemployment—the average length of a con
tinuous period of unemployment during the year. Na
tionally, 10.8 percent of the unemployed during an av
erage month had been out of work 27 weeks or more
in 1980, compared with 8.7 percent in 1979. Such long
term unemployment accounted for more than 10 per
cent of the total in 17 States in 1980.
There was a sharp drop in the number of States where
the duration of unemployment was relatively short. In
5
Quart 1. Changes in State unemployment rates,19?9~8©
Chart 2 . Unemployment rates fey State,198© annyal averages
8.5% and over
6.5% to 8.4%
ES 4.5% to 6.4%
E
□ less Shan 4.5%
_
6
Chart 3. Unemployment rate differences" Black and other ¥S. white,
1980 annual averages
Chart 4, Percent black and other of total unemployment in the State,
1980 annual averages
7
ber of persons who voluntarily left their previous job
(job leavers), or who were entering the labor market
for the first time or reentering after a period of sepa
ration (new entrants and reentrants), each of these
groups represented smaller shares of the Nation’s un
employment in 1980 than in 1979.
Job losers constituted at least 55 percent of the un
employed in 11 States, primarily in the North Central
and Northeastern part of the Nation. In 1979, only
Rhode Island had as high a proportion.
By contrast, in many of the rapidly growing South
ern and Mountain States, job leavers and reentrants
constituted a larger-than-average share of unemploy
ment. For example, job leavers were 12 percent of to
tal unemployment nationally in 1980, but accounted for
at least 18 percent in each of seven Southern and Moun
tain States—Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Oklahoma,
Texas, Utah, and Wyoming. Reentrants, about 25 per
cent of unemployment nationally, accounted for over
one-third of the total in seven States, primarily in the
Mountain and Pacific regions—Alaska, Colorado, Mon
tana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming.
1980 there were 11 States, primarily in the South and
West, where duration of unemployment averaged less
than 5 weeks, compared with 26 States in 1979:
State
Wyoming ..............
Texas .....................
Oklahoma..............
U tah.......................
H aw aii...................
Colorado...............
Nebraska ...............
Nevada ..................
Arizona .................
Georgia .................
Florida ..................
Percent unemployed less than 5
weeks, 1980 annual averages
61.8
58.4
55.0
54.4
53.2
52.7
52.3
51.8
51.7
50.4
50.2
ts
Unemployment by reason. The number of job
losers—persons who were laid off or those whose em
ployment was otherwise terminated involuntarily—rose
markedly from 1979 to 1980, from 2.6 to 3.9 million
nationwide. Job losers accounted for 52 percent of to
tal unemployment in 1980, compared with 43 percent
in 1979. While there were slight increases in the num
8
Se c tio n SI. Sta te E s tim a te s fro m the
C u rre n t P o p u la tio n S u rv e y
Table 1. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State,
1980 annual averages
status,
sex, age,
and marital
race,
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian noninstitutional
population
State and population group
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
•
Unemployment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
7,448
4,157
3,291
3,261
2,547
1,640
Error range of
rate1
7.1
6.9
7.4
5.9
6.3
17.7
United States
7.0
6.8
7.2
5.8
6.2
17.3
■
_
-
6.3
6.1
6.5
5.2
5.6
15.5
6.2
6.0
6.3
5.1
5.4
15.1
_
-
1,658
868
790
681
616
361
13.2
13.3
13.1
11.4
11.1
35.8
12.8
12.8
12.6
10.9
10.6
34.2
_ 13.6
- 13.8
- 13.6
- ,11.9
11.6
- 37.4
60.3
62.3
77.6
47.0
3,320
3,091
1,674
1,417
12.4
4.8
4.2
5.8
12.2
4.7
4.1
5.6
_ 12.6
4.9
4.3
6.0
-
1,498
882
616
821
579
97
54.0
67.0
42.3
70.9
43.9
32.9
144
72
71
57
55
32
8.8
7.6
10.4
6.5
8.6
25.0
7.9
6.6
9.0
5.5
7.3
20.8
_ 9.6
8.6
- 11.8
7.5
9.9
- 29.2
60.4
74.9
47.0
77.1
47.4
49.0
1,155
693
461
646
432
77
56.5
70.5
43.5
73.2
44.5
40.3
80
43
38
35
29
17
6.5
5.8
7.6
5.1
6.3
17.9
5.7
4.8
6.2
4.1
4.9
13.4
407
219
188
197
173
55.8
65.5
47.6
71.7
49.7
343
189
154
175
148
47.1
56.6
39.1
63.6
42.3
63
30
34
22
26
15.6
13.6
17.9
11.2
14.8
13.5
10.9
14.6
8.6
11.6
_
-
17.7
16.4
21.1
13.9
18.0
569
1,738
877
861
316
1,114
686
427
55.6
64.1
78.3
49.7
256
1,052
654
398
45.0
60.5
74.5
46.2
60
62
33
29
19.1
5.6
4.8
6.9
16.6
4.7
3.8
5.4
-
21.6
6.4
5.7
8.3
T o ta l................................................
M e n .............................................. .........
Women ............... ...................... .? .........
.
Men, 20 years and o v e r.............. .........
Women, 20 years and o v e r........ .........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs............. .........
262
130
132
117
118
27
187
107
80
100
72
15
71.3
82.2
60.6
85.4
61.5
53.3
169
96
73
91
67
12
64.5
73.9
55.2
77.5
56.8
42.1
18
11
7
9
6
3
9.5
10.1
8.8
9.2
7.7
21.0
8.7
9.0
7.6
8.1
6.6
17.2
_ 10.4
11.2
10.0
10.3
8.9
24.7
-
W hite...............................................
M e n .............................................. .........
Women ........................................ ........
Men, 20 years and o v e r.............. ........
Women, 20 years and o v e r........ .........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs............. .........
213
107
106
97
95
20
160
94
67
88
61
12
75.4
87.5
63.0
90.2
63.7
58.7
147
85
61
81
56
9
68.9
79.7
58.0
82.8
59.1
47.5
14
8
5
7
4
2
8.6
9.0
8.0
8.2
7.1
19.2
7.8
7.9
6.8
7.1
5.9
15.1
_
Black and o ther..............................
M e n .............................................. ..........
Women ........................................ .........
Men, 20 years and o ve r.............. ........
Women, 20 years and o v e r........
49
23
26
20
22
27
14
13
12
12
54.0
57.9
50.5
61.6
52.3
23
11
11
10
10
45.7
47.6
44.0
51.5
46.5
4
2
2
2
1
15.4
17.8
12.8
16.4
11.1
12.8
14.0
9.4
12.5
7.6
_ 17.9
21.6
16.2
20.3
14.5
-
Single (never married)....................
Married, spouse present................
Men, spouse present2 .................. .........
Women, spouse present2 ............ ........
68
155
72
83
48
110
63
47
70.9
70.7
87.1
56.6
40
103
59
44
58.9
66.1
82.0
52.5
8
7
4
3
17.0
6.5
5.9
7.3
15.1
5.6
4.8
5.9
-
To ta l................................................
Men ..............................................
Women ........................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r..............
Women, 20 years and o v e r.........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars.............
164,143
77,699
86,445
69,607
78,295
16,242
104,719
60,145
44,574
55,234
40,243
9,242
63.8
77.4
51.6
79.4
51.4
56.9
97,270
55,988
41,283
51,972
37,696
7,603
59.3
72.1
47.8
74.7
48.1
46.8
W hite...............................................
M e n ..............................................
Women ........................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r..............
Women, 20 years and o v e r.........
Both sexes, 16-19 years.............
143,657
68,495
75,162
61,641
68,327
13,689
92,171
53,627
38,544
49,252
34,686
8,233
64.2
78.3
51.3
79.9
50.8
60.1
86,380
50,337
36,043
46,671
32,755
6,955
60.1
73.5
48.0
75.7
47.7
50.8
5,790
3,289
2,501
2,581
1,931
1,278
20,486
9,204
11,282
7,966
9,967
2,553
12,548
6,518
6,029
5,982
5,557
1,009
61.2
70.8
53.4
75.1
55.8
39.5
10,890
5,651
5,239
5,301
4,941
648
53.2
61.4
46.4
66.5
49.6
25.4
38,914
98,47749,379
49,098
26,774
64,489
39,975
24,514
68.8
65.5
81.0
49.9
23,453
61,399
38,302
23,097
2,773
1,317
1,456
1,158
1,320
295
1,642
954
687
878
634
130
59.2
72.5
47.2
75.8
48.0
43.9
2,044
983
1,062
882
971
191
1,235
736
499
681
461
94
.........
729
334
395
275
349
Single (never married)....................
Married, spouse present................ .........
Men, spouse present2 ..................
Women, spouse present2 ............ .........
Black and other..............................
M e n ..............................................
Women ........................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r..............
Women, 20 years and o v e r........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars.............
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
........
Single (never married)....................
Married, spouse present................ .........
Men, spouse present2.................. .........
Women, spouse present2 ............ .........
-
-
7.2
7.0
7.5
6.0
6.5
18.2
6.4
6.3
6.6
5.4
5.7
16.0
Alabama
Total................................................
M e n ..............................................
Women ................. :......................
Men, 20 years and o v e r..............
Women, 20 years and o v e r........
Both sexes, 16-19 years .............
W hite...............................................
Men ..............................................
Women .........................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r..............
Women, 20 years and o v e r........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars.............
Black and other..............................
M e n ..............................................
Women ........................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r..............
Women, 20 years and o v e r.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
........
........
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
'
_
7.3
6.8
9.0
6.1
7.6
- 22.4
-
Alaska
See footnotes at end of table.
10
-
-
-
9.4
10.1
9.3
9.3
8.3
23.2
19.0
7.4
7.0
8.7
Table 1. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
State and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Unemployment
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Arizona
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,808
847 ■
961
765
863
180
1,126
648
478
592
420
115
62.3
76.5
49.8
77.3
48.6
63.8
1,051
603
448
557
400
94
58.1
71.2
46.6
72.9
46.3
52.2
75
45
30
34
20
21
6.6
6.9
6.3
5.8
4.7
18.2
6.0
6.0
5.3
4.9
3.8
15.1
. -
7.3
7.8
7.3
6.7
5.6
21.2
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,731
811
921
734
829
167
1,082
622
460
569
403
110
62.5
76.7
49.9
77.5
48.6
65.6
1,013
581
432
538
385
91
58.5
71.7
47.0
73.2
46.4
54.3
68
41
27
31
18
19
6.3
6.6
6.0
5.5
4.5
17.1
5.7
5.7
5.0
4.7
3.6
14.1
7.0
7.5
6.9
6.4
5.4
- 20.2
Black and other........................................
77
44
57.3
38
48.8
7
14.8
10.1
-
19.5
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
388
1,123
561
562
283
682
432
250
72.9
60.7
76.9
44.5
251
648
411
237
64.6
57.7
73.3
42.1
32
34
21
13
11.3
5.0
4.8
5.3
9.7
4.2
3.9
4.0
-
13.0
5.7
5.7
6.5
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,619
762
857
683
775
160
972
552
420
505
379
88
60.0
72.4
49.0
73.9
48.8
54.8
898
512
385
475
356
68
55.5
67.2
45.0
69.4
45.8
42.3
74
40
34
31
23
20
7.6
7.2
8.2
6.0
6.1
22.8
6.8
6.2
7.0
5.1
5.0
19.1
8.3
8.1
9.3
7.0
7.2
- 26.5
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,383
659
724
593
657
133
848
487
361
446
325
78
61.3
74.0
49.8
75.1
49.4
58.5
793
457
336
422
309
62
57.3
69.3
46.4
71.2
47.0
46.6
55
31
25
23
16
16
6.5
6.3
6.8
5.2
5.0
20.4
5.8
5.3
5.7
4.3
3.9
16.6
7.3
7.3
8.0
6.2
6.0
- 24.2
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
236
103
133
90
119
124
64
59
59
54
52.3
62.6
44.3
65.7
45.6
105
56
50
52
47
44.5
54.0
37.1
57.8
39.6
18
9
10
7
7
14.9
13.8
16.2
12.1
13.2
12.1
10.0
12.0
8.3
9.1
- 17.7
- 17.5
- 20.4
- 15.8
- 17.2
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
308
1,038
523
516
201
650
390
260
65.2
62.6
74.5
50.5
170
616
372
244
55.2
59.3
71.1
47.4
31
34
18
16
15.2
5.2
4.6
6.2
13.1
4.4
3.6
4.8
-
17.4
6.0
5.5
7.5
Tota l...........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
17,108
8,149
8,959
7,343
8,142
1,623
11,203
6,385
4,818
5,864
4,370
968
65.5
78.3
53.8
79.9
53.7
59.6
10,443
5,953
4,490
5,534
4,116
792
61.0
73.0
50.1
75.4
50.6
48.8
760
432
328
330
254
176
6.8
6.8
6.8
5.6
5.8
18.2
6.5
6.4
6.4
5.3
5.4
16.8
-
7.1
7.1
7.2
6.0
6.2
19.5
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
14,834
7,127
7,708
6,441
7,026
1,368
9,755
5,637
4,118
5,180
3,728
847
65.8
79.1
53.4
80.4
53.1
61.9
9,162
5,298
3,864
4,921
3,532
709
61.8
74.3
50.1
76.4
50.3
51.8
593
338
254
258
196
138
6.1
6.0
6.2
5.0
5.3
16.3
5.8
5.6
5.7
4.6
4.8
14.9
-
6.4
6.4
6.6
5.3
5.7
17.8
Black and o ther........................................
Men ....................... ................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
2,274
1,023
1,251
901
1,116
256
1,448
748
699
684
642
121
63.7
73.2
55.9
76.0
57.5
47.2
1,280
654
626
613
584
84
56.3
64.0
50.0
68.0
52.3
32.6
167
94
73
72
58
37
11.6
12.6
10.5
10.5
9.1
30.9
10.6
11.1
9.1
9.1
7.7
26.5
- 12.6
- 14.0
- 11.9
- 11.8
- 10.4
- 35.3
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
4,477
9,503
4,737
4,765
3,272
6,189
3,819
2,371
73.1
65.1
80.6
49.8
2,905
5,912
3,665
2,247
64.9
62.2
77.4
47.2
367
277
154
124
11.2
4.5
4.0
5.2
10.6
4.2
3.7
4.7
-
Arkansas
California
See footnotes at end of table.
11
11.9
4.8
4.4
5.8
Table 1. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
State and population group
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
2,065
1,001
1,064
899
965
201
1,474
841
633
774
572
127
71.4
84.0
59.5
86.1
59.3
63.3
1,391
799
592
742
542
107
67.4
79.8
55.7
82.5
56.2
53.2
82
42
40
32
30
20
5.6
5.0
6.4
4.2
5.2
15.8
5.0
4.3
5.5
3.5
4.4
13.0
-
6.1
5.7
7.3
4.8
6.1
18.7
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,982
964
1,018
866
924
192
1,413
812
602
747
543
123
71.3
84.2
59.1
86.3
58.8
63.8
1,339
772
567
716
518
104
67.5
80.1
55.6
82.7
56.1
54.3
75
40
35
31
25
18
5.3
4.9
5.8
4.1
4.7
14.9
4.7
4.2
4.9
3.5
3.8
12.1
-
5.8
5.6
6.7
4.8
5.5
17.7
Black and o ther.........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
83
37
46
41
60
29
31
29
72.6
77.8
68.4
69.9
52
27
26
24
63.3
71.8
56.4
58.8
8
2
5
5
12.8
7.8
17.5
15.8
8.9
3.2
11.5
9.7
- 16.8
- 12.4
- 23.6
- 22.0
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
519
1,236
618
618
400
878
538
341
77.0
71.1
87.0
55.1
360
848
524
324
69.3
68.6
84.7
52.4
40
31
14
17
10.0
3.5
2.6
4.9
8.6
2.9
2.0
3.8
-
11.4
4.1
3.3
6.0
Total..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
2,386
1,116
1,270
1,014
1,136
236
1,616
905
711
836
630
150
67.7
81.1
56.0
82.4
55.5
63.5
1,520
858
662
799
597
124
63.7
76.9
52.1
78.8
52.6
52.4
95
47
49
36
33
26
5.9
5.2
6.8
4.4
5.2
17.5
5.3
4.4
5.8
3.6
4.3
14.4
-
6.5
6.0
7.8
5.1
6.2
20.5
W hite..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
2,238
1,050
1,188
956
1,067
215
1,511
853
658
788
583
140
67.5
81.2
55.4
82.5
54.6
65.0
1,427
812
615
756
553
118
63.8
77.4
51.8
79.1
51.8
54.9
84
41
43
32
30
22
5.5
4.7
6.5
4.1
5.1
15.5
4.9
4.0
5.5
3.3
4.1
12.4
-
6.2
5.5
7.6
4.8
6.1
18.6
Black and other.............. ..........................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
148
66
82
58
69
105
52
53
48
47
70.7
78.4
64.5
81.9
68.2
93
45
47
43
44
62.7
68.8
57.8
74.6
63.8
12
6
5
4
3
11.3
12.3
10.4
8.9
6.5
8.1
7.5
5.9
4.5
2.6
-
14.6
17.1
14.8
13.3
10.3
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
630
1,402
702
700
468
961
588
373
74.2
68.6
83.8
53.3
412
934
576
358
65.3
66.6
82.0
51.2
56
27
12
15
11.9
2.9
2.1
4.0
10.4
2.3
1.5
2.9
-
13.5
3.4
2.7
5.1
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs.......................
434
206
228
183
203
48
280
161
119
147
104
29
64.4
78.1
52.1
80.0
51.3
60.7
258
150
108
138
97
23
59.5
72.7
47.5
75.4
47.7
48.6
22
11
11
8
7
6
7.7
6.8
8.9
5.7
7.0
20.0
7.0
5.9
7.7
4.9
5.9
16.9
8.4
7.7
- 10.1
6.6
8.2
- 23.2
W hite.........................................................
M e n .............................................. ..........
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
371
179
193
160
172
39
240
141
99
129
86
25
64.7
79.1
51.3
80.4
50.1
64.1
224
133
91
122
81
21
60.4
74.4
47.4
76.3
47.0
54.1
16
8
8
7
5
4
6.7
6.0
7.7
5.1
6.3
15.6
5.9
5.0
6.4
4.2
5.1
12.5
-
7.4
6.9
8.9
6.0
7.5
18.7
Black and other.........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
63
27
35
23
31
39
19
20
18
18
63.1
71.4
56.6
76.8
57.7
34
17
17
16
16
54.2
62.0
48.2
69.0
51.6
6
3
3
2
2
14.0
13.2
14.9
10.1
10.6
11.5
9.7
11.3
6.8
7.3
-
16.5
16.6
18.5
13.4
13.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
112
252
126
126
80
166
102
64
71.1
65.8
81.3
50.4
70
157
98
59
62.0
62.4
77.8
47.0
10
9
4
4
12.9
5.2
4.3
6.7
11.2
4.4
3.4
5.3
-
14.5
6.0
5.2
8.1
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
See footnotes at end of table.
12
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
State and population group
Civilian non
institutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
District of Columbia
7.9
8.6
7.9
7.4
7.2
- 30.6
T o ta l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
483
218
265
198
246
39
317
157
160
149
154
15
65.7
72.1
60.4
75.4
62.4
37.3
294
145
149
140
144
11
61.0
66.7
56.3
70.6
58.5
27.7
23
12
11
10
10
4
7.2
7.5
6.9
6.4
6.2
25.6
6.5
6.5
5.9
5.4
5.3
20.7
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
154
71
83
68
82
111
57
55
56
54
72.3
80.2
65.6
81.7
65.9
107
55
53
54
52
69.8
77.3
63.4
78.9
63.6
4
2
2
2
2
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.4
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.2
Black and o ther........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
329
147
182
129
165
35
206
100
106
93
100
13
62.6
68.2
58.1
72.1
60.7
36.7
187
91
96
86
92
9
56.8
61.5
53.0
66.2
56.0
26.4
19
10
9
8
8
4
9.2
9.8
8.7
8.2
7.8
28.0
8.2
8.3
7.4
6.8
6.5
22.4
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
198
161
82
79
141
107
61
46
71.1
66.6
74.3
58.7
127
103
59
44
63.8
63.9
72.0
55.5
15
4
2
3
10.3
4.1
3.1
5.5
9.1
3.2
2.0
3.9
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
6,965
3,242
3,723
2,941
3,409
615
3,925
2,219
1,706
2,033
1,549
343
56.3
68.5
45.8
69.1
45.4
55.8
3,691
2,101
1,589
1,946
1,464
281
53.0
64.8
42.7
66.2
42.9
45.7
234
118
116
87
85
62
6.0
5.3
6.8
4.3
5.5
18.1
5.5
4.7
6.0
3.7
4.8
15.6
6.4
5.9
7.6
4.8
6.2
- 20.6
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
5,908
2,764
3,144
2,526
2,907
475
3,252
1,870
1,383
1,710
1,254
288
55.1
67.6
44.0
67.7
43.1
60.7
3,085
1,783
1,302
1,647
1,189
250
52.2
64.5
41.4
65.2
40.9
52.7
167
86
81
64
65
38
5.1
4.6
5.8
3.7
5.2
13.3
4.7
4.0
5.0
3.1
4.4
10.9
-
Black and other........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
1,057
477
579
415
501
141
672
349
323
322
295
55
63.6
73.2
55.7
77.7
58.9
39.0
605
318
287
299
275
31
57.3
66.6
49.6
72.1
54.9
22.1
67
31
35
23
20
24
10.0
9.0
11.0
7.2
6.8
43.3
8.5
7.1
8.8
5.4
4.9
36.7
- 11.4
- 10.9
- 13.2
9.0
8.6
- 49.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
1,401
4,198
2,089
2,109
934
2,342
1,415
927
66.7
55.8
67.7
43.9
830
2,245
1,368
877
59.3
53.5
65.5
41.6
104
97
47
50
11.1
4.1
3.3
5.4
9.8
3.6
2.7
4.4
-
12.4
4.6
3.9
6.3
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
3,701
1,724
1,977
1,531
1,782
389
2,385
1,335
1,050
1,216
961
208
64.4
77.4
53.1
79.4
53.9
53.6
2,231
1,270
961
1,168
889
175
60.3
73.7
48.6
76.3
49.9
45.0
154
65
89
48
72
33
6.4
4.8
8.5
4.0
7.5
16.1
5.8
4.1
7.4
3.2
6.4
12.9
-
7.1
5.6
9.6
4.7
8.6
19.3
W hite..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
2,965
1,407
1,558
1,255
1,412
298
1,922
1,105
817
1,003
740
178
64.8
78.5
52.4
79.9
52.4
59.8
1,829
1,062
767
971
702
155
61.7
75.5
49.2
77.4
49.7
52.1
93
43
50
32
38
23
4.8
3.9
6.1
3.2
5.1
12.9
4.2
3.1
5.0
2.5
4.1
9.8
-
5.5
4.6
7.2
3.9
6.2
16.1
Black and o ther........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
736
317
419
275
370
463
230
233
213
220
63.0
72.5
55.8
77.3
59.6
402
208
194
197
186
54.7
65.6
46.4
71.4
50.4
61
22
39
16
34
13.1
9.5
16.7
7.6
15.5
11.1
6.9
13.6
5.2
12.4
-
15.1
12.0
19.8
10.0
18.6
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
805
2,274
1,135
1,139
512
1,541
933
608
63.6
67.8
82.3
53.4
452
1,475
904
571
56.1
64.9
79.7
50.1
60
66
29
37
11.8
4.3
3.1
6.1
10.0
3.6
2.4
4.8
-
13.6
5.0
3.8
7.4
-
4.4
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.6
- 10.2
- 11.2
- 10.1
9.6
9.1
- 33.5
-
11.5
5.1
4.2
7.1
Florida
5.6
5.2
6.6
4.3
6.0
15.7
Georgia
See footnotes at end of table.
13
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and o ver by State,
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
sex, age,
race,
and marital
(Numbers in thousands)
State and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Hawaii
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
626
290
336
263
305
57
399
208
191
194
176
29
63.8
72.0
56.7
73.8
57.7
50.1
379
199
180
187
168
25
60.6
68.7
53.6
70.8
55.1
42.8
20
10
10
8
8
4
5.0
4.6
5.4
4.0
4.5
14.6
4.4
3.8
4.5
3.2
3.6
10.9
-
5.6
5.5
6.4
4.9
5.4
18.2
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
197
85
111
81
103
121
64
56
62
53
61.3
75.3
50.6
77.0
50.9
113
61
52
59
49
57.5
71.0
47.2
73.1
47.8
7
4
4
3
3
6.1
5.6
6.7
5.1
6.0
4.9
4.0
4.8
3.4
4.1
-
7.4
7.3
8.6
6.7
7.9
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ..................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
429
204
225
182
202
45
279
144
135
132
124
23
64.9
70.6
59.7
72.4
61.2
51.4
266
138
128
127
119
20
62.0
67.7
56.8
69.8
58.8
44.6
13
6
7
5
5
3
4.5
4.1
4.9
3.5
3.8
13.4
3.8
3.2
3.8
2.6
2.8
9.3
-
5.2
5.1
6.0
4.5
4.9
17.4
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
158
371
177
194
109
238
129
109
68.8
64.2
72.9
56.4
99
231
126
105
62.7
62.2
71.1
54.0
10
8
3
5
8.9
3.2
2.4
4.2
7.4
2.6
1.6
3.1
-
10.5
3.9
3.2
5.3
To ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
651
319
332
288
298
65
424
252
172
231
152
41
65.1
79.0
51.8
80.1
51.1
63.2
391
233
157
216
141
34
60.0
73.1
47.4
75.0
47.2
52.3
33
19
15
15
12
7
7.9
7.4
8.5
6.4
7.6
17.3
7.1
6.5
7.3
5.5
6.3
14.0
8.6
8.4
9.8
7.3
8.8
- 20.5
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
642
315
327
284
294
64
418
249
169
228
150
41
65.1
79.0
51.7
80.0
50.9
63.6
385
231
155
213
138
34
60.0
73.1
47.3
74.9
47.1
52.8
33
18
14
14
11
7
7.8
7.4
8.5
6.4
7.6
17.0
7.1
6.4
7.2
5.4
6.3
13.7
8.6
8.4
9.7
7.3
8.8
- 20.3
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
112
460
231
229
81
301
187
114
72.0
65.5
81.0
49.8
69
285
179
106
61.7
61.9
77.2
46.4
12
16
9
8
14.3
5.5
4.7
6.8
12.1
4.7
3.8
5.4
-
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
8,320
3,964
4,356
3,545
3,934
841
5,447
3,153
2,294
2,897
2,059
491
65.5
79.6
52.6
81.7
52.3
58.4
4,993
2,885
2,108
2,687
1,910
397
60.0
72.8
48.4
75.8
48.5
47.1
454
268
186
211
149
95
8.3
8.5
8.1
7.3
7.2
19.3
7.9
7.9
7.4
6.7
6.5
17.1
8.8
9.1
8.8
7.9
8.0
- 21.4
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs.......................
7,128
3,435
3,692
3,092
3,348
688
4,748
2,793
1,955
2,563
1,742
443
66.6
81.3
53.0
82.9
52.0
64.4
4,402
2,589
1,813
2,402
1,629
371
61.8
75.4
49.1
77.7
48.7
53.9
346
204
142
161
113
72
7.3
7.3
7.3
6.3
6.5
16.2
6.8
6.7
6.5
5.7
5.7
14.1
-
Black and other........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
1,192
528
664
453
586
699
361
338
334
317
58.6
68.3
50.9
73.7
54.0
591
296
294
284
281
49.5
56.1
44.3
62.8
47.9
108
64
44
49
36
15.5
17.8
13.0
14.8
11.4
13.7
15.3
10.7
12.3
9.1
- 17.2
- 20.3
- 15.3
- 17.2
- 13.6
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
2,128
4,839
2,441
2,399
1,480
3,267
2,055
1,211
69.5
67.5
84.2
50.5
1,280
3,080
1,947
1,133
60.2
63.6
79.8
47.2
200
187
109
78
13.5
5.7
5.3
6.4
12.4
5.2
4.7
5.5
-
Idaho
16.5
6.2
5.6
8.1
Illinois
See footnotes at end of table.
14
7.8
7.9
8.0
6.9
7.2
18.4
14.6
6.2
5.9
7.3
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and o ver by State, sex, age, race, and m arital
status, 1980 annual averages—
-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Unemployment
Employment
Civilian non
institutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
3,991
1,898
2,093
1,699
1,902
391
2,620
1,506
1,114
1,380
1,012
229
65.7
79.4
53.2
81.2
53.2
58.6
2,368
1,362
1,006
1,266
923
179
59.3
71.8
48.0
74.5
48.5
45.8
253
144
109
114
89
50
9.6
9.6
9.7
8.3
8.8
21.8
9.0
8.7
8.7
7.4
7.7
18.8
- 10.3
- 10.5
- 10.8
9.2
9.8
- 24.9
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
3,679
1,748
1,931
1,569
1,755
356
2,412
1,396
1,016
1,281
919
213
65.6
79.9
52.6
81.6
52.4
59.8
2,200
1,274
926
1,185
848
167
59.8
72.9
47.9
75.5
48.3
46.9
213
122
90
96
71
46
8.8
8.8
8.9
7.5
7.7
21.6
8.1
7.9
7.8
• 6.6
6.7
18.5
9.5
9.7
9.9
8.3
8.8
- 24.8
Black and other.........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
312
150
162
130
147
208
110
99
99
93
66.7
73.3
60.7
76.2
63.1
168
88
80
81
75
53.9
58.7
49.4
62.0
51.1
40
22
18
18
18
19.3
19.9
18.6
18.7
19.0
16.1
15.5
14.1
14.1
14.3
-
22.4
24.3
23.2
23.2
23.7
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
815
2,520
1,269
1,250
560
1,698
1,055
643
68.7
67.4
83.1
51.4
459
1,587
994
593
56.3
63.0
78.3
47.5
101
110
61
49
18.0
6.5
5.8
7.7
16.2
5.8
4.9
6.4
-
19.9
7.2
6.6
8.9
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
2,175
1,053
1,122
935
1,007
232
1,449
856
594
774
524
151
66.6
81.3
52.9
82.8
52.0
65.2
1,366
808
559
737
500
129
62.8
76.7
49.8
78.8
49.7
55.4
83
48
35
37
24
23
5.7
5.7
5.9
4.8
4.5
14.9
5.1
4.8
4.8
4.0
3.5
11.9
-
6.4
6.5
6.9
5.6
5.5
17.9
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
2,133
1,036
1,098
922
985
227
1,427
844
582
765
514
148
66.9
81.5
53.0
82.9
52.2
65.3
1,351
800
551
730
493
128
63.3
77.2
50.2
79.2
50.0
56.3
76
45
31
34
21
20
5.3
5.3
5.4
4.5
4.1
13.8
4.7
4.5
4.4
3.7
3.2
10.8
-
6.0
6.1
6.4
5.3
5.1
16.8
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
494
1,400
705
695
357
960
594
366
72.3
68.6
84.2
52.7
317
927
575
352
64.1
66.2
81.5
50.7
41
33
19
14
11.4
3.4
3.3
3.7
9.6
2.8
2.5
2.7
-
13.1
4.1
4.1
4.8
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
1,774
852
922
768
836
170
1,198
681
518
622
464
112
67.6
79.9
56.1
81.0
55.5
65.9
1,145
653
493
601
446
99
64.6
76.6
53.4
78.2
53.3
58.2
53
28
25
21
19
13
4.4
4.1
4.8
3.4
4.0
11.6
3.9
3.4
3.9
2.7
3.1
8.8
-
5.0
4.8
5.7
4.1
4.9
14.4
W hite..........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
1,673
807
867
729
788
156
‘ 1,131
647
484
593
434
104
67.6
80.2
55.9
81.3
55.1
66.4
1,088
625
463
576
419
93
65.0
77.4
53.4
79.0
53.1
59.5
43
22
21
17
16
11
3.8
3.4
4.3
2.8
3.7
.10.4
3.3
2.8
3.5
2.1
2.8
7.6
-
4.4
4.1
5.2
3.4
4.5
13.2
Black and other.........................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
101
45
56
39
48
67
34
34
30
30
67.0
75.1
60.4
76.2
61.5
58
28
30
25
27
57.3
62.4
53.2
63.7
56.1
10
6
4
5
3
14.4
16.9
11.9
16.4
8.8
10.4
10.9
6.7
10.1
3.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
364
1,169
586
583
265
804
483
321
73.0
68.8
82.4
55.1
244
782
472
310
67.1
66.9
80.6
53.2
21
22
11
11
8.1
2.8
2.3
3.5
6.5
2.2
1.6
2.5
State and population group
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
See footnotes at end of table.
15
■
f
- 18.4
- 22.8
- 17.2
- 22.7
- 13.8
-
9.6
3.3
2.9
4.5
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
noninsfitutiona! population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race,
and
m arital
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian noninstitutional
population
T o ta l...........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
State and population group
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
2,589
1,226
1,363
1,095
1,228
265
1,620
939
681
861
615
144
62.6
76.6
50.0
78.6
50.0
54.5
1,489
860
629
801
573
115
57.5
70.2
46.2
73.1
46.6
43.5
131
79
52
60
42
29
8.1
8.4
7.7
7.0
6.8
20.2
7.3
7.3
6.5
5.9
5.6
16.4
8.9
9.4
8.9
8.0
8.0
- 23.9
W hite..........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
2,408
1,142
1,266
1,020
1,142
246
1,515
881
635
807
571
138
62.9
77.1
50.1
79.0
50.0
56.0
1,399
811
589
753
534
112
58.1
71.0
46.5
73.8
46.8
45.5
116
70
46
53
37
26
7.7
7.9
7.3
6.6
6.5
18.8
6.8
6.8
6.1
5.5
5.3
15.0
8.5
9.0
8.5
7.6
7.7
- 22.5
Black and other.........................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
181
84
97
75
87
105
59
47
55
44
58.1
69.5
48.1
73.0
50.3
90
50
40
48
39
49.7
58.9
41.7
63.7
44.7
15
9
6
7
5
14.4
15.3
13.2
12.8
11.0
10.4
9.8
7.4
7.5
5.4
-
18.4
20.8
19.0
18.1
16.7
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ...........................
Men, spouse present2 .............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
508
1,689
846
842
324
1,110
684
426
63.8
65.7
80.9
50.6
278
1,037
641
396
54.8
61.4
75.8
47.1
46
73
43
29
14.1
6.5
6.3
6.9
11.9
5.7
5.2
5.5
-
16.4
7.4
7.4
8.4
Tota l...........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
2,868
1,348
1,520
1,188
1,362
318
1,723
1,015
708
930
648
145
60.1
75.3
46.6
78.3
47.6
45.6
1,608
950
657
882
610
117
56.1
70.5
43.3
74.2
44.8
36.7
115
65
50
48
38
28
6.7
6.4
7.1
5.2
5.9
19.5
6.0
5.5
6.0
4.3
4.8
15.9
-
7.4
7.3
8.3
6.1
7.0
23.2
W hite..........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
2,108
1,016
1,091
912
993
203
1,288
786
502
722
458
108
61.1
77.3
46.0
79.2
46.1
53.3
1,226
750
476
695
439
91
58.2
73.8
43.6
76.3
44.2
45.1
62
36
26
27
19
17
4.8
4.6
5.1
3.7
4.1
15.4
4.1
3.7
4.0
2.9
3.0
11.5
-
5.5
5.5
6.3
4.5
5.2
19.4
Black and o th e r.........................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
760
332
428
277
369
435
229
206
208
191
57.3
69.0
48.1
75.2
51.7
382
201
181
186
171
50.3
60.5
42.4
67.3
46.3
53
28
25
22
20
12.2
12.4
12.0
10.5
10.3
10.3
9.8
9.3
8.0
7.7
-
14.0
14.9
14.6
13.0
12.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
668
1,714
866
848
402
1,095
703
392
60.2
63.9
81.1
46.3
346
1,050
680
371
51.8
61.3
78.5
43.7
56
45
23
22
14.0
4.1
3.3
5.5
12.0
3.4
2.5
4.1
-
16.0
4.8
4.1
6.8
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs.......................
813
386
427
340
387
87
500
285
215
259
194
47
61.5
73.9
50.3
76.2
50.2
54.0
461
265
196
243
179
39
56.7
68.6
46.0
71.7
46.4
44.3
39
20
18
15
15
8
7.7
7.2
8.4
5.9
7.6
17.9
6.9
6.2
7.2
5.0
6.4
14.5
8.5
8.2
9.7
6.9
8.8
- 21.4
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars.......................
807
384
423
337
383
86
496
283
213
256
192
47
61.4
73.7
50.3
76.0
50.2
54.1
458
263
195
242
178
38
56.7
68.5
46.0
71.6
46.4
44.4
38
20
18
15
15
8
7.7
7.0
8.5
5.8
7.7
17.9
6.9
6.1
7.3
4.8
6.4
14.5
8.4
8.0
9.7
6:7
8.9
- 21.4
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present.......... .».............
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 ......................
186
500
249
250
125
315
192
123
66.9
63.0
76.8
49.1
109
297
184
113
58.4
59.5
73.8
45.3
16
17
8
10
12.7
5.5
4.0
7.8
10.9
4.7
3.1
6.2
-
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
See footnotes at end of table.
16
14.6
6.3
4.9
9.3
Table 1. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
16 years
and o ver
by
State, sex, age,
race, and
marital
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian non
institutional
population
To ta l...........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
State and population group
Unemployment
Employment
Civilian labor force
Error range of
rate1
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
3,122
1,476
1,646
1,325
1,488
309
2,133
1,194
940
1,099
849
185
68.3
80.8
57.1
83.0
57.0
60.0
1,996
1,121
875
1,042
801
153
63.9
75.9
53.2
78.7
53.8
49.6
137
72
65
57
48
32
6.4
6.1
6.9
5.2
5.7
17.3
5.9
5.4
6.1
4.6
5.0
15.0
-
6.9
6.7
7.6
5.8
6.4
19.7
W hite..........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
2,442
1,169
1,274
1,052
1,157
234
1,651
947
703
872
630
149
67.6
81.1
55.2
82.9
54.5
63.8
1,563
902
661
837
598
128
64.0
77.2
51.9
79.6
51.7
54.8
88
45
42
35
32
21
5.3
4.8
6.0
4.0
5.1
14.0
4.8
4.2
5.2
3.4
4.3
11.6
-
5.8
5.4
6.8
4.6
5.9
16.5
Black and o ther.........................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
680
308
372
273
332
75
483
246
237
228
219
36
71.0
79.9
63.6
83.3
66.0
48.3
433
219
214
205
203
25
63.7
71.2
57.5
75.1
61.2
33.4
50
27
23
22
16
11
10.3
11.0
9.5
9.8
7.4
31.0
9.0
9.2
7.8
8.0
5.8
25.0
- 11.5
- 12.8
- 11.2
- 11.6
9.0
- 37.0
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
802
1,806
906
900
577
1,261
766
495
71.9
69.8
84.5
55.0
505
1,215
745
470
63.0
67.3
82.2
52.3
72
45
21
24
12.4
3.6
2.7
4.9
11.2
3.1
2.2
4.1
-
13.6
4.1
3.3
5.8
To ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ............... ...................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
4,413
2,078
2,335
1,856
2,122
435
2,893
1,630
1,263
1,497
1,124
272
65.6
78.4
54.1
80.7
53.0
62.5
2,731
1,538
1,193
1,424
1,073
234
61.9
74.0
51.1
76.7
50.5
53.8
163
92
70
73
51
38
5.6
5.7
5.6
4.9
4.5
14.0
5.2
5.1
4.9
4.3
3.9
11.9
-
6.1
6.3
6.2
5.5
5.2
16.2
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
4,255
1,996
2,259
1,785
2,052
418
2,787
1,568
1,218
1,439
1,082
266
65.5
78.6
53.9
80.6
52.7
63.5
2,630
1,479
1,151
1,368
1,033
229
61.8
74.1
50.9
76.7
50.3
54.6
157
89
67
71
49
37
5.6
5.7
5.5
4.9
4.5
14.0
5.2
5.1
4.8
4.3
3.8
11.9
-
6.1
6.3
6.2
5.5
5.2
16.1
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
158
82
76
71
70
107
61
45
58
42
67.5
74.8
59.6
81.9
60.1
101
59
42
56
40
63.9
71.4
55.7
78.7
56.7
6
3
3
2
2
5.3
4.5
6.5
3.9
5.7
3.0
1.7
2.6
1.1
1.9
-
7.7
7.3
10.4
6.6
9.5
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
1,249
2,486
1,250
1,235
910
1,669
1,031
638
72.8
67.1
82.5
51.6
824
1,608
998
610
65.9
64.7
79.8
49.4
86
61
33
28
9.5
3.6
3.2
4.4
8.5
3.2
2.6
3.5
-
10.5
4.1
3.8
5.2
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
6,799
3,288
3,511
2,917
3,163
720
4,298
2,528
1,770
2,291
1,572
435
63.2
76.9
50.4
78.6
49.7
60.4
3,757
2,184
1,573
2,005
1,408
344
55.3
66.4
44.8
68.7
44.5
47.8
541
344
197
286
164
91
12.6
13.6
11.1
12.5
10.4
20.9
12.0
12.8
10.2
11.7
9.5
18.7
- 13.2
- 14.4
- 12.0
- 13.3
- 11.3
- 23.1
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r.............. .
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
5,928
2,876
3,052
2,555
2,749
624
3,791
2,249
1,541
2,034
1,363
394
63.9
78.2
50.5
79.6
49.6
63.1
3,369
1,980
1,389
1,812
1,237
320
56.8
68.8
45.5
70.9
45.0
51.3
422
270
152
222
126
73
11.1
12.0
9.9
10.9
9.3
18.6
10.5
11.2
9.0
10.1
8.3
16.4
- 11.7
- 12.8
- 10.8
- 11.7
- 10.2
- 20.9
Black and o ther.........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
871
412
459
362
414
508
279
229
257
209
58.3
67.7
49.8
71.1
50.6
389
205
184
193
172
44.6
49.7
40.1
53.4
41.5
119
74
45
64
37
23.4
26.6
19.6
24.9
17.9
21.3
23.6
16.5
21.8
14.8
- 25.6
- 29.6
- 22.6
- 28.0
- 21.0
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
1,672
4,035
2,038
1,997
1,172
2,597
1,628
969
70.1
64.4
79.9
48.5
952
2,351
1,472
879
57.0
58.3
72.2
44.0
220
245
156
89
18.7
9.4
9.6
9.2
17.4
8.8
8.7
8.1
- 20.1
- 10.1
- 10.4
- 10.3
Number
Rate
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
See footnotes at end of table.
17
Table 1. Labor fo rce status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race, and m arital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
State and population group
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
3,042
1,481
1,561
1,308
1,403
331
2,116
1,193
923
1,070
808
238
69.6
80.6
59.1
81.8
57.6
71.9
1,996
1,120
876
1,011
774
210
65.6
75.6
56.1
77.3
55.2
63.4
2,978
1,450
1,527
1,282
1,374
322
2,071
1,171
900
1,050
789
231
69.5
80.7
58.9
81.9
57.4
71.9
1,956
1,100
856
993
758
205
65.7
75.9
56.0
77.5
55.1
63.9
Rate
Error range of
rate1
120
73
47
58
34
28
5.7
6.1
5.1
5.5
4.1
11.7
5.1
5.4
4.3
4.7
3.4
9.5
-
6.2
6.9
5.9
6.2
4.9
14.0
114
70
44
57
32
26
5.5
6.0
4.9
5.4
4.0
11.1
4.9
5.2
4.1
4.6
3.2
8.9
-
6.1
6.8
5.7
6.2
4.8
13.4
Number
Minnesota
Black and other........................................
64
45
70.0
39
61.0
6
12.9
7.4
-
18.3
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
819
1,860
937
923
643
1,281
771
511
78.5
68.9
82.2
55.3
589
1,229
740
489
71.8
66.1
78.9
53.0
55
52
31
21
8.5
4.1
4.0
4.2
7.3
3.5
3.2
3.2
-
9.7
4.7
4.8
5.2
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years........................
1,709
793
916
711
824
174
1,024
579
445
535
406
84
59.9
73.1
48.5
75.2
49.2
48.1
948
545
402
509
373
65
55.4
68.8
43.9
71.7
45.2
37.4
76
34
42
25
33
19
7.5
5.8
9.5
4.7
8.0
22.2
6.7
5.0
8.3
3.9
6.9
18.4
8.2
6.7
- 10.8
5.5
9.2
- 25.9
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
1,194
557
637
506
581
106
728
421
307
390
281
57
61.0
75.6
48.1
77.0
48.3
53.9
693
404
288
377
267
49
58.0
72.6
45.3
74.4
45.9
46.3
35
17
18
13
14
8
4.8
4.0
5.9
3.4
4.9
14.0
4.1
3.1
4.7
2.6
3.8
10.0
-
Black and o ther........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
515
236
279
204
243
68
296
158
138
145
125
27
57.5
67.0
49.4
70.7
51.5
39.1
255
141
114
133
106
16
49.4
59.8
40.7
64.8
43.7
23.6
41
17
24
12
19
11
14.0
10.8
17.6
8.3
15.1
39.8
12.2
8.6
14.8
6.2
12.3
32.7
- 15.7
- 12.9
- 20.5
- 10.3
- 17.9
- 46.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present...........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
341
1,063
538
526
200
684
420
264
58.6
64.3
78.2
50.2
166
652
408
244
48.7
61.3
75.9
46.4
34
32
13
20
16.9
4.7
3.0
7.4
14.6
4.0
2.3
6.0
-
19.1
5.4
3.8
8.9
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
3,672
1,723
1,949
1,546
1,789
337
2,295
1,309
986
1,197
901
197
62.5
76.0
50.6
77.4
50.3
58.5
2,134
1,218
916
1,125
844
165
58.1
70.7
47.0
72.8
47.2
49.1
161
91
70
72
57
32
7.0
7.0
7.1
6.0
6.3
16.2
6.5
6.2
6.2
5.3
5.5
13.5
-
7.6
7.7
7.9
6.7
7.2
18.8
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
3,325
1,569
1,755
1,414
1,615
295
2,082
1,203
879
1,100
802
180
62.6
76.6
50.1
77.8
49.6
61.0
1,952
1,127
825
1,039
758
155
58.7
71.8
47.0
73.5
46.9
52.6
130
76
54
61
44
25
6.2
6.3
6.1
5.6
5.4
13.8
5.7
5.6
5.3
4.8
4.6
11.2
-
6.8
7.1
7.0
6.3
6.3
16.4
Black and o th e r........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
347
154
194
132
174
213
106
107
97
99
61.4
69.0
55.3
73.4
57.0
182
91
91
86
86
52.4
59.2
47.1
65.2
49.4
31
15
16
11
13
14.6
14.3
14.9
11.2
13.4
12.1
10.7
11.3
7.9
9.8
-
17.1
17.8
18.4
14.5
16.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ...................:........
Women, spouse present2 .......................
770
2,293
1,150
1,143
530
1,482
907
575
68.8
64.6
78.8
50.4
466
1,406
864
542
60.5
61.3
75.1
47.4
64
76
43
33
12.0
5.1
4.7
5.8
10.6
4.5
4.0
4.8
-
13.5
5.7
5.4
6.8
Mississippi
5.5
4.8
7.1
4.2
6.1
17.9
Missouri
See footnotes at end of table.
18
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
State and population group
Civilian non
institutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Montana
Tota l...........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
581
283
298
253
268
60
374
220
154
202
138
34
64.4
77.6
51.9
79.9
51.5
56.7
352
208
144
193
131
29
60.6
73.2
48.5
76.2
48.7
47.5
22
12
10
9
7
6
6.0
5.6
6.5
4.6
5.4
16.2
5.3
4.7
5.4
3.8
4.3
12.8
-
6.7
6.5
7.6
5.5
6.5
19.6
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
554
271
283
243
256
55
360
212
147
196
132
32
64.9
78.3
52.1
80.5
51.7
57.3
340
202
139
188
126
27
61.4
74.4
49.0
77.3
49.1
48.8
19
11
9
8
7
5
5.4
5.0
6.0
4.0
5.1
14.9
4.7
4.1
4.9
3.2
4.0
11.4
-
6.0
5.8
7.0
4.8
6.2
18.3
Black and o ther.........................................
27
15
54.1
12
42.9
3
20.7
15.0
-
26.5
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present.....:....................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
133
368
184
184
92
242
150
91
69.1
65.6
81.7
49.6
82
232
145
87
61.7
63.1
79.0
47.2
10
9
5
4
10.7
3.9
3.3
4.8
8.9
3.2
2.5
3.6
-
12.5
4.6
4.1
6.1
Tota l...........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
1,165
556
609
496
548
121
776
444
332
405
294
77
66.6
79.9
54.5
81.6
53.6
64.2
745
428
317
392
283
69
64.0
77.0
52.0
79.1
51.6
57.6
31
16
15
12
11
8
4.0
3.6
4.6
3.1
3.7
10.3
3.4
2.9
3.6
2.4
2.8
7.4
-
4.6
4.3
5.5
3.8
4.6
13.1
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,124
540
584
484
529
111
750
433
317
395
281
74
66.7
80.2
54.2
81.7
53.1
66.2
723
419
304
384
272
67
64.3
77.5
52.1
79.3
51.5
60.2
27
15
12
12
9
7
3.6
3.4
3.9
2.9
3.2
9.1
3.1
2.7
3.0
2.2
2.3
6.3
-
4.2
4.1
4.9
3.7
4.0
11.8
Black and o th e r........................................
41
26
63.9
22
54.2
4
15.2
9.5
-
20.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
265
747
374
373
194
512
312
200
73.2
68.5
83.5
53.5
179
500
306
194
67.6
66.9
81.8
52.0
15
12
6
6
7.6
2.4
2.0
3.0
6.1
1.8
1.3
2.0
-
9.2
2.9
2.7
3.9
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
528
269
259
246
235
47
376
223
153
206
140
30
71.1
82.8
59.1
84.1
59.3
62.8
352
209
143
196
132
25
66.8
77.8
55.3
79.7
55.9
53.3
23
13
10
11
8
5
6.2
6.0
6.4
5.2
5.7
15.2
5.6
5.2
5.4
4.4
4.7
12.0
-
6.8
6.8
7.4
6.0
6.7
18.3
W hite.........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
484
248
236
227
215
42
344
205
138
190
126
27
71.0
82.7
58.7
83.9
58.7
64.6
324
194
130
181
119
24
67.0
78.1
55.2
79.9
55.5
55.8
20
11
8
9
7
4
5.7
5.5
6.0
4.8
5.4
13.6
5.1
4.7
5.0
4.0
4.4
10.5
-
6.3
6.3
7.0
5.5
6.4
16.8
Black and o ther.........................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
44
21
23
19
20
32
17
14
16
13
72.7
84.0
62.5
86.5
66.0
28
15
13
14
12
64.4
73.4
56.4
77.6
60.2
4
2
1
2
1
8.6
8.8
5.9
6.6
5.0
-
14.2
16.6
13.7
14.1
12.7
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
116
311
155
156
90
214
130
84
77.8
68.7
83.8
53.8
82
203
125
79
70.5
65.4
80.3
50.6
8
10
5
5
7.9
4.1
3.2
4.7
-
10.9
5.5
4.9
7.2
Nebraska
Nevada
See footnotes at end of table.
19
11.4
12.7
9 .8 ^
10.3
8.9
9.4
4.8
4.1
6.0
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
State and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
New Hampshire
To ta l...........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
670
323
347
292
316
62
461
262
199
241
179
40
68.8
81.1
57.3
82.7
56.5
65.7
439
250
189
233
171
35
65.5
77.6
54.3
79.6
54.0
57.6
22
11
10
9
8
5
4.7
4.4
5.1
3.7
4.4
12.4
4.2
3.7
4.3
3.0
3.5
9.6
White..........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
666
321
345
291
315
61
458
260
198
240
178
40
68.7
81.1
57.2
82.6
56.5
65.7
436
249
188
231
170
35
65.5
77.5
54.3
79.6
54.0
57.6
21
11
10
9
8
5
4.7
4.4
5.1
3.7
4.3
12.3
4.1
3.7
4.2
3.0
3.4
9.5
_
-
_
-
_
-
5.3
5.1
6.0
4.4
5.2
15.1
5.3
5.1
6.0
4.4
5.1
15.1
149
422
210
212
110
297
177
120
73.9
70.5
84.5
56.7
101
288
173
114
67.7
68.2
82.5
54.1
9
10
4
6
8.4
3.3
2.4
4.7
7.0
2.7
1.7
3.6
T o ta l...........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
5,562
2,561
3,001
2,297
2,711
554
3,582
2,013
1,569
1,875
1,419
287
64.4
78.6
52.3
81.6
52.4
51.8
3,323
1,881
1,442
1,774
1,320
229
59.8
73.4
48.1
77.2
48.7
41.4
258
132
126
101
99
58
7.2
6.6
8.1
5.4
7.0
20.2
6.7
5.9
7.2
4.8
6.2
17.5
W hite.........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
4,899
2,278
2,622
2,057
2,380
462
3,161
1,800
1,361
1,676
1,225
260
64.5
79.0
51.9
81.5
51.5
56.2
2,966
1,700
1,266
1,600
1,149
217
60.5
74.7
48.3
77.8
48.3
46.9
195
100
95
77
75
43
6.2
5.5
7.0
4.6
6.1
16.6
5.6
4.9
6.2
4.0
5.3
14.0
_
-
6.7
6.2
7.8
5.2
7.0
19.3
Black and other.........................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
663
284
379
240
331
421
213
208
„ 199
195
63.5
75.1
54.8
83.0
58.8
358
181
177
175
171
53.9
63.7
46.6
72.7
51.5
63
32
31
25
24
15.0
15.1
14.9
12.3
12.3
13.0
12.3
12.0
9.6
9.5
_
-
17.1
18.0
17.9
15.1
15.1
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
1,482
3,210
1,612
1,598
1,008
2,149
1,352
797
68.0
67.0
83.9
49.9
880
2,051
1,303
748
59.4
63.9
80.8
46.8
128
98
49
50
12.7
4.6
3.6
6.2
11.4
4.0
3.0
5.2 '
_ 13.9
5.1
4.2
7.3
-
Tota l..........................................................
M e n .......... ..............................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
889
426
463
380
416
92
542
325
217
300
195
47
61.0
76.4
46.9
78.9
46.9
51.2
502
302
200
282
183
37
56.5
71.0
43.1
74.2
43.8
40.4
40
23
17
18
13
10
7.4
7.1
7.9
5.9
6.5
21.2
6.7
6.2
6.8
5.0
5.4
17.6
W hite..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ............... ...................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r....... ...........
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
814
390
424
351
382
81
501
301
200
278
180
43
61.5
77.0
47.2
79.1
47.0
53.4
466
281
185
263
169
35
57.3
72.0
43.7
74.9
44.2
42.5
34
20
15
15
11
9
6.9
6.6
7.4
5.4
6.0
20.4
6.2
5.6
6.2
4.5
4.8
16.7
7.6
7.5
8.6
6.2
7.1
24.1
-
Black and other.........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
75
36
39
30
34
42
25
17
22
16
55.7
69.1
43.6
75.5
45.3
36
21
15
20
14
47.9
59.6
37.3
66.2
39.7
6
3
2
3
2
14.0
13.7
14.4
12.3
12.4
10.6
9.3
9.1
7.9
7.1
-
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 ............... .......
188
572
284
288
120
358
230
128
64.1
62.5
80.8
44.5
103
339
219
120
54.7
59.2
77.1
41.6
18
19
11
8
14.6
5.3
4.7
6.5
12.6
4.5
3.8
5.1
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
-
9.9
3.9
3.0
5.8
New Jersey
_
-
7.7
7.2
8.9
6.0
7.8
- 22.9
-
-
New Mexico
See footnotes at end of table.
20
_
8.2
8.0
9.1
6.8
7.6
- 24.8
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
17.4
18.1
19.8
16.8
17.7
16.6
6.1
5.6
7.9
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and o ver by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Unemployment
Employment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Tota l..........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
13,314
6,133
7,181
5,485
6,524
1,305
7,992
4,568
3,424
4,259
3,144
589
60.0
74.5
47.7
77.6
48.2
45.1
7,389
4,230
3,158
3,987
2,931
470
55.5
69.0
44.0
72.7
44.9
36.0
603
338
265
272
213
119
7.5
7.4
7.7
6.4
6.8
20.1
7.2
6.9
7.2
5.9
6.2
18.3
_ 7.9
7.9
8.3
6.8
7.3
- 22.0
W hite..........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women .......!...........................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs............... ........
11,322
5,265
6,057
4,732
5,529
1,061
6,844
3,985
2,859
3,708
2,612
525
60.4
75.7
47.2
78.4
47.2
49.5
6,373
3,724
2,649
3,500
2,442
431
56.3
70.7
43.7
74.0
44.2
40.6
471
261
210
208
169
93
6.9
6.6
7.3
5.6
6.5
17.8
6.5
6.1
6.7
5.1
5.9
15.9
_ 7.3
7.0
7.9
6.1
7.1
- 19.8
Black and other.........................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
1,992
868
1,124
753
995
244
1,148
582
565
551
533
64
57.6
67.1
50.3
73.1
53.5
26.3
1,015
506
510
487
489
39
51.0
58.3
45.3
64.7
49.2
15.9
132
77
56
64
44
25
11.5
13.1
9.8
11.5
8.2
39.3
10.4
11.5
8.3
9.9
6.7
33.1
12.7
- 14.8
- 11.4
- 13.2
9.6
- 45.5
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
3,730
7,274
3,665
3,610
2,331
4,632
2,942
1,690
62.5
63.7
80.3
46.8
2,029
4,403
2,820
1,583
54.4
60.5
77.0
43.9
301
228
121
107
12.9
4.9
4.1
6.3
12.1
4.5
3.7
5.6
-
Tota l...........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
4,118
1,943
2,175
1,728
1,967
422
2,741
1,531
1,210
1,398
1,106
237
66.6
78.8
55.6
80.9
56.2
56.1
2,561
1,437
1,124
1,328
1,041
193
62.2
74.0
51.7
76.8
52.9
45.7
180
93
86
70
66
44
6.5
6.1
7.1
5.0
5.9
18.6
5.9
5.2
6.1
4.1
4.9
15.1
-
W hite.........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
3,217
1,539
1,678
1,385
1,525
307
2,177
1,239
938
1,136
851
190
67.7
80.5
55.9
82.1
55.8
61.8
2,066
1,180
886
1,093
812
160
64.2
76.7
52.8
79.0
53.2
52.3
111
59
52
43
39
29
5.1
4.8
5.6
3.8
4.6
15.4
4.4
3.9
4.5
2.9
3.5
11.7
-
5.8
5.7
6.7
4.6
5.6
19.2
Black and o ther.........................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
901
404
497
344
442
564
291
273
261
255
62.6
72.2
54.8
76.0
57.8
496
257
239
235
229
55.0
63.7
48.0
68.3
51.7
68
34
34
27
27
12.1
11.7
12.5
10.2
10.4
10.1
9.0
9.6
7.5
7.6
-
14.1
14.5
15.4
13.0
13.2
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
892
2,582
1,294
1,287
576
1,841
1,084
757
64.5
71.3
83.8
58.8
499
1,763
1,049
714
55.9
68.3
81.1
55.5
77
78
35
43
13.3
4.2
3.2
5.6
11.3
3.5
2.4
4.4
“
15.3
4.9
4.0
6.9
Tota l..........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
475
234
241
210
219
45
309
184
125
169
113
27
65.0
78.6
51.7
80.4
51.3
59.1
293
175
118
163
108
23
61.8
74.9
49.0
77.3
49.0
51.4
15
9
7
7
5
3
4.9
4.7
5.2
3.9
4.5
12.9
4.2
3.9
4.2
3.1
3.5
9.6
-
W hite.........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
462
228
234
206
213
43
301
180
121
166
109
26
65.3
78.9
51.9
80.6
51.5
59.9
288
172
116
160
105
23
62.3
75.5
49.4
77.8
49.4
52.5
13
8
6
6
4
3
4.5
4.2
4.8
3.5
4.1
12.3
3.8
3.5
3.8
2.8
3.1
9.0
-
Black and o ther.........................................
13
7
54.5
6
42.2
2
22.6
14.9
State and population group
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
New York
_
13.8
5.3
4.6
7.1
North Carolina
•
_
_
7.2
7.0
8.2
5.8
7.0
22.2
North Dakota
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
116
304
149
155
83
201
122
79
71.1
66.2
81.8
51.1
See footnotes at end of table.
21
76
194
118
76
65.2
64.0
79.6
49.1
7
7
3 ■
3
8.3
3.3
2.8
4.0
6.7
2.6
2.0
2.9
_
_
5.5
5.5
6.3
4.6
5.5
16.2
5.1
5.0
5.8
4.2
5.1
15.6
- 30.4
“
9.9
3.9
3.5
5.2
TalbS© 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages-=Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Tota l........................................ ..........
Men .................................................
Women ...........................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r................. ......
Women, 20 years and o v e r...........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars................
State and population group
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
7,980
3,747
4,233
3,374
3,826
780
5,086
2,948
2,138
2,719
1,910
457
63.7
78.7
50.5
80.6
49.9
58.6
4,660
2,699
1,960
2,514
1,769
376
58.4
72.0
46.3
74.5
46.2
48.2
426
248
178
204
141
81
8.4
8.4
8.3
7.5
7.4
17.7
7.9
7.8
7.6
6.9
6.7
15.7
W hite..................................................
M e n .................................................
Women ...........................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars................
7,227
3,400
3,827
3,072
3,464
690
4,630
2,708
1,922
2,501
1,715
414
64.1
79.6
50.2
81.4
49.5
60.0
4,291
2,511
1,780
2,339
1,603
349
59.4
73.8
46.5
76.1
46.3
50.6
339
197
142
162
112
65
7.3
7.3
7.4
6.5
6.5
15.6
6.9
6.7
6.7
5.9
5.9
13.6
-
7.8
7.9
8.1
7.0
7.2
17.6
Black and o ther.................................
Men .................................................
Women ...........................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...........
Both sexes, 16-19 years ................
753
347
407
302
362
90
456
240
216
218
195
43
60.5
69.2
53.2
72.3
53.9
47.9
368
188
180
175
166
27
88
51
36
43
29
16
19.2
21.5
16.8
19.6
14.9
37.3
17.2
18.5
13.9
16.6
12.0
30.0
_
-
21.3
24.4
19.6
22.6
17.8
44.5
Single (never married).......................
Married, spouse present...................
Men, spouse present2 .....................
Women, spouse present2 ...............
1,752
4,957
2,501
2,456
1,225
3,226
2,058
1,168
69.9
65.1
82.3
47.6
1,061
3,033
1,943
1,090
60.6
61.2
77.7
44.4
164
193
115
78
13.4
6.0
5.6
6.7
12.3
5.5
5.0
5.8
_ 14.5
6.5
6.2
7.5
-
Total...................................................
M e n .................................................
Women ...........................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars................
2,147
1,013
1,134
907
1,037
203
1,325
773
552
708
502
115
61.7
76.3
48.7
78.0
48.4
56.6
1,261
737
524
679
482
100
58.7
72.8
46.2
74.9
46.5
49.3
64
36
28
28
20
15
4.8
4.6
5.0
4.0
4.0
12.9
4.2
3.9
4.1
3.3
3.1
9.9
W hite..................................................
M e n .................................................
Women ...........................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r................. ......
Women, 20 years and o v e r...........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars................
1,937
915
1,022
823
937
177
1,211
712
499
653
454
104
62.5
77.8
48.8
79.3
48.5
58.6
1,161
684
477
630
438
92
59.9
74.7
46.7
76.6
46.8
52.2
49
28
22
22
16
11
4.1
3.9
4.3
3.4
3.4
11.0
3.5
3.2
3.4
2.7
2.6
8.0
_
-
4.7
4.6
5.3
4.2
4.3
14.1
210
98
112
84
100
114
62
53
55
48
54.5
62.9
47.1
65.9
48.0
100
53
47
49
43
47.7
54.6
41.7
58.6
43.4
14
8
6
6
5
12.4
13.2
11.4
11.0
9.7
9.3
8.9
7.0
6.8
5.4
_
-
15.5
17.5
15.9
15.3
14.0
394
1,380
688
692
254
890
552
339
64.6
64.5
80.2
48.9
229
862
536
325
58.1
62.4
77.9
47.0
26
29
15
13
10.1
3.2
2.8
3.9
8.2
2.6
2.1
2.9
_ 12.0
3.8
3.5
5.0
-
Tota l...................................................
Men .................................................
Women ...........................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs................
1,932
947
985
861
895
176
1,271
742
529
688
475
108
65.8
78.3
53.8
79.9
53.1
61.3
1,167
685
482
640
438
89
60.4
72.3
48.9
74.3
48.9
50.4
105
57
48
48
37
19
8.2
7.7
9.0
7.0
7.9
17.7
7.5
6.8
7.8
6.1
6.7
14.4
W hite..................................................
M e n .................................................
Women ...........................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...........
Both sexes, 16-19 years ................
1,856
910
946
829
862
166
1,221
711
509
659
459
103
65.8
78.2
53.8
79.6
53.2
61.8
1,124
658
466
615
424
85
60.5
72.3
49.2
74.2
49.2
51.0
97
53
44
45
35
18
8.0
7.5
8.6
6.8
7.5
17.5
7.2
6.6
7.5
5.8
6.4
14.2
Black and o ther.................................
M e n .................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.................
76
38
33
51
31
29
66.9
81.6
88.1
43
27
25
56.7
70.7
76.3
8
4
4
15.3
13.4
13.4
10.7
7.7
7.5
Single (never married).......................
Married, spouse present...................
Men, spouse present2 .....................
Women, spouse present2 ...............
410
1,223
617
607
300
800
496
304
73.3
65.4
80.5
50.1
259
751
470
282
63.3
61.4
76.2
46.4
41
49
26
23
13.6
6.1
5.3
7.5
11.8
5.3
4.3
6.1
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Ohio
48.9
54.3
44.3
58.1 45.9
30.0
_
-
_
-
-
8.8
9.0
9.0
8.1
8.1
19.6
Oklahoma
Black and other.................................
M e n .................................................
Women ...........................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...........
Single (never married).......................
Married, spouse present................... ......
Men, spouse present2 ..................... ......
Women, spouse present2 ...............
_
-
-
-
5.4
5.4
5.9
4.8
4.9
16.0
Oregon
See footnotes at end of table.
22
_
-
-
_
-
9.0
8.6
10.1
7.9
9.0
21.0
8.7
8.4
9.8
7.7
8.7
20.9
_ 20.0
-
19.1
19.3
_ 15.4
“
6.9
6.2
8.9
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Unemployment
Employment
Civilian non
institutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
To ta l..........................................................
M o n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
8,952
4,206
4,746
3,794
4,321
837
5,368
3,155
2,213
2,923
1,982
463
60.0
75.0
46.6
77.0
45.9
55.3
4,951
2,909
2,042
2,730
1,850
371
55.3
69.2
43.0
71.9
42.8
44.3
417
245
172
194
132
92
7.8
7.8
7.8
6.6
6.6
19.8
7.3
7.2
7.1
6.1
6.0
17.7
8.2
8.4
8.5
7.2
7.3
- 22.0
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
8,127
3,836
4,292
3,475
3,924
728
4,896
2,901
1,995
2,692
1,785
419
60.2
75.6
46.5
77.5
45.5
57.5
4,561
2,700
1,861
2,534
1,681
346
56.1
70.4
43.4
72.9
42.8
47.5
335
201
134
158
104
73
6.8
6.9
6.7
5.9
5.8
17.5
6.4
6.4
6.0
5.3
5.1
15.3
-
Black and other.........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
825
370
454
320
396
472
254
218
231
197
57.2
68.5
48.0
72.3
49.7
390
209
180
196
169
47.2
56.5
39.7
61.1
42.6
82
44
38
36
28
17.4
17.5
17.4
15.4
14.2
15.4
14.7
14.3
12.6
11.3
- 19.5
- 20.3
- 20.4
- 18.2
- 17.2
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 ......................
2,221
5,338
2,688
2,651
1,500
3,291
2,116
1,175
67.5
61.7
78.7
44.3
1,295
3,136
2,026
1,110
58.3
58.8
75.4
41.9
204
155
90
65
13.6
4.7
4.2
5.5
12.6
4.3
3.7
4.7
-
To ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
706
331
375
300
343
63
462
257
205
236
185
42
65.5
77.7
54.7
78.6
53.8
66.3
429
240
189
222
172
35
60.8
72.5
50.4
74.1
50.2
55.0
33
17
16
14
12
7
7.2
6.7
7.9
5.8
6.8
17.1
6.5
5.8
6.8
4.9
5.7
13.9
7.9
7.6
8.9
6.7
7.8
- 20.2
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs.......................
679
319
360
289
329
60
445
248
197
227
177
41
65.6
77.8
54.7
78.7
53.7
67.6
413
232
181
214
165
34
60.9
72.7
50.4
74.2
50.0
56.0
32
16
16
13
12
7
7.2
6.5
7.9
5.7
6.7
17.1
6.4
5.6
6.8
4.8
5.7
13.9
7.9
7.4
9.0
6.6
7.8
- 20.3
Black and other........................................
27
18
63.8
16
58.6
1
8.2
4.4
-
12.0
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
178
410
207
204
132
276
165
111
74.2
67.4
80.0
54.5
118
262
159
103
66.1
63.8
76.9
50.6
14
15
7
8
10.9
5.3
4.0
7.2
9.4
4.5
3.1
5.8
-
12.5
6.1
4.9
8.6
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
2,088
972
1,116
867
993
228
1,306
735
571
681
524
101
62.6
75.6
51.2
78.6
52.7
44.3
1,216
690
527
642
487
88
58.3
70.9
47.2
74.1
49.0
38.3
90
46
44
39
37
14
6.9
6.2
7.7
5.7
7.1
13.5
6.1
5.2
6.5
4.8
5.8
9.8
-
7.7
7.2
9.0
6.7
8.3
17.1
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,469
701
768
636
690
143
941
545
396
508
358
75
64.0
77.7
51.5
79.8
51.8
52.6
895
522
372
488
338
68
60.9
74.5
48.5
76.7
49.0
47.8
46
23
23
20
19
7
4.9
4.2
5.9
3.9
5.4
9.2
4.1
3.2
4.6
3.0
4.1
5.5
-
5.7
5.1
7.2
4.9
6.7
12.8
Black and other........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
619
271
348
230
303
366
190
175
173
166
59.1
70.2
50.5
75.4
54.8
322
167
155
154
148
52.0
61.8
44.5
67.0
49.0
44
23
21
19
18
11.9
12.0
11.9
11.0
10.7
10.1
9.4
9.2
8.4
8.0
-
13.8
14.6
14.5
13.7
13.4
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
484
1,278
630
648
291
859
511
348
60.1
67.2
81.1
53.7
257
816
491
325
53.1
63.8
77.8
50.2
34
43
20
23
11.7
5.0
4.0
6.6
9.6
4.2
3.0
5.1
-
13.7
5.9
4.9
8.1
State and population group
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Pennsylvania
7.3
7.5
7.4
6.4
6.5
19.6
14.7
5.2
4.8
6.3
Rhode Island
South Carolina
See footnotes at end of table.
23
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
State and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
South Dakota
Total...........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
500
241
259
215
229
55
338
194
143
176
125
37
67.5
80.7
55.3
81.7
54.3
67.1
322
185
136
168
119
34
64.3
76.8
52.7
78.2
52.0
61.4
16
9
7
7
5
3
4.7
4.8
4.6
4.3
4.2
8.5
4.1
3.9
3.6
3.4
3.2
6.0
-
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.1
5.2
11.0
W hite..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
477
231
246
207
218
52
325
188
137
170
120
36
68.2
81.4
55.9
82.4
54.7
68.9
312
180
132
164
115
33
65.4
77.9
53.6
79.3
52.7
63.4
14
8
6
6
4
3
4.2
4.3
4.1
3.8
3.7
7.9
3.6
3.5
3.1
2.9
2.8
5.4
-
4.8
5.1
5.0
4.6
4.7
10.4
Black and other.........................................
23
12
52.7
10
43.2
2
18.0
12.1
-
24.0
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
119
313
155
158
88
217
130
87
74.1
69.3
83.8
55.1
81
210
126
84
67.9
67.2
81.7
53.0
7
7
3
3
8.3
3.0
2.5
3.7
6.7
2.4
1.7
2.6
-
10.0
3.7
3.3
4.9
Total..........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
3,288
1,560
1,728
1,390
1,591
307
2,015
1,159
856
1,067
795
152
61.3
74.3
49.5
76.8
50.0
49.7
1,870
1,080
790
1,006
743
121
56.9
69.2
45.7
72.4
46.7
39.3
145
79
66
61
52
32
7.2
6.8
7.7
5.7
6.6
20.8
6.4
5.8
6.5
4.8
5.4
16.7
8.0
7.8
8.9
6.7
7.7
- 24.9
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
2,772
1,332
1,439
1,199
1,334
239
1,715
1,011
704
935
656
124
61.9
75.9
48.9
78.0
49.2
51.9
1,617
955
662
892
622
103
58.3
71.7
46.0
74.4
46.6
43.0
98
56
42
43
34
21
5.7
5.5
6.0
4.6
5.1
17.2
5.0
4.6
4.8
3.7
4.0
12.9
-
6.5
6.5
7.2
5.5
6.3
21.5
Black and other.........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
516
227
289
191
257
300
148
152
133
140
58.2
65.2
52.7
69.2
54.3
253
125
128
114
121
49.0
54.9
44.3
59.6
47.0
47
23
24
19
19
15.8
15.8
15.8
14.0
13.3
13.1
11.9
11.9
10.0
9.5
-
18.5
19.7
19.6
17.9
17.1
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
629
2,101
1,059
1,042
391
1,373
840
533
62.2
65.4
79.3
51.2
338
1,305
805
501
53.7
62.1
76.0
48.1
54
68
35
33
13.7
4.9
4.2
6.1
11.5
4.2
3.2
4.8
-
16.0
5.7
5.1
7.5
T o ta l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
9,738
4,696
5,042
4,180
4,548
1,010
6,412
3,775
2,637
3,436
2,381
594
65.8
80.4
52.3
82.2
52.4
58.8
6,075
3,604
2,471
3,315
2,259
501
62.4
76.7
49.0
79.3
49.7
49.6
337
171
166
121
122
93
5.2
4.5
6.3
3.5
5.1
15.7
4.9
4.1
5.7
3.1
4.5
13.8
-
5.6
5.0
6.9
3.9
5.7
17.6
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars.......................
8,619
4,186
4,434
3,736
4,016
867
5,688
3,402
2,286
3,096
2,068
524
66.0
81.3
51.6
82.9
51.5
60.4
5,431
3,266
2,165
2,999
1,978
455
63.0
78.0
48.8
80.3
49.2
52.5
256
136
121
97
90
69
4.5
4.0
5.3
3.1
4.4
13.1
4.1
3.5
4.7
2.7
3.8
11.2
-
4.9
4.4
5.9
3.6
5.0
15.0
Black and o ther........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ......... .........................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
1,119
510
608
444
532
143
724
373
351
340
314
71
64.7
73.1
57.7
76.5
59.0
49.5
644
338
306
316
282
46
57.5
66.2
50.3
71.2
53.0
32.2
80
35
45
23
32
25
11.1
9.4
12.8
6.9
10.2
35.0
9.5
7.4
10.5
5.1
7.9
28.3
-
12.6
11.4
15.2
8.8
12.5
41.6
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present............ ..............
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
2,054
6,099
3,051
3,048
1,425
4,079
2,562
1,517
69.4
66.9
84.0
49.8
1,275
3,939
2,496
1,442
62.1
64.6
81.8
47.3
150
140
65
75
10.5
3.4
2.5
4.9
9.5
3.1
2.1
4.2
-
11.6
3.8
3.0
5.7
Tennessee
Texas
See footnotes at end of table.
24
'
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State,
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
sex, age, race, and marital
(Numbers in thousands)
State and population group
Civilian non
institutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Unemployment
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Utah
Tota l..........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
922
440
482
393
429
100
607
359
249
324
214
70
65.9
81.6
51.6
82.5
49.7
69.7
570
339
231
309
200
60
61.8
77.0
47.9
78.7
46.6
60.3
38
20
18
15
14
9
6.2
5.6
7.1
4.6
6.3
13.4
5.5
4.7
6.0
3.8
5.2
10.5
-
6.9
6.5
8.3
5.4
7.5
16.2
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
901
430
471
384
420
97
593
351
242
317
208
68
65.9
81.7
51.5
82.7
49.6
69.9
557
332
225
303
195
59
61.8
77.2
47.8
79.0
46.5
60.6
36
19
17
14
13
9
6.1
5.5
7.1
4.5
6.3
13.3
5.4
4.6
5.9
3.7
5.1
10.4
-
6.8
6.4
8.2
5.3
7.5
16.2
Black and other.........................................
21
14
65.5
12
59.0
1
10.0
4.2
-
15.7
185
628
315
313
141
415
265
151
76.1
66.1
84.0
48.1
125
397
256
141
67.6
63.2
81.3
45.1
16
18
8
9
11.1
4.3
3.1
6.2
9.3
3.6
2.4
4.8
-
13.0
5.0
3.9
7.6
Total..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
369
178
191
160
172
37
245
141
105
129
94
23
66.5
79.0
54.8
80.5
54.5
61.8
230
133
97
122
87
20
62.2
74.6
50.7
76.2
50.9
54.2
16
8
8
7
6
3
6.4
5.6
7.5
5.3
6.5
12.3
5.8
4.8
6.4
4.5
5.4
9.6
-
7.1
6.4
8.6
6.1
7.6
15.1
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
368
178
190
160
171
37
245
140
104
129
93
23
66.5
79.1
54.7
80.5
54.4
61.7
229
132
96
122
87
20
62.2
74.6
50.6
76.2
50.8
54.0
16
8
8
7
6
3
6.4
5.6
7.5
5.3
6.5
12.4
5.8
4.8
6.4
4.5
5.4
9.6
-
7.1
6.4
8.6
6.1
7.6
15.2
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
91
229
115
113
64
158
95
63
69.9
68.9
82.4
55.3
58
150
91
59
63.1
65.6
79.1
51.9
6
8
4
4
9.6
4.8
4.0
6.1
8.1
4.1
3.1
4.9
-
11.2
5.5
4.8
7.4
Tota l..........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
3,824
1,777
2,047
1,593
1,873
358
2,530
1,414
1,116
1,302
1,031
197
66.2
79.6
54.5
81.8
55.1
54.9
2,401
1,353
1,049
1,259
981
161
62.8
76.1
51.2
79.0
52.4
44.9
129
61
68
43
50
36
5.1
4.3
6.1
3.3
4.8
18.3
4.4
3.5
4.9
2.5
3.8
14.1
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
3,097
1,463
1,634
1,315
1,505
277
2,081
1,187
894
1,096
828
158
67.2
81.1
54.7
83.4
55.0
56.9
2,002
1,146
856
1,067
799
136
64.6
78.3
52.4
81.2
53.1
49.1
79
41
39
29
29
22
3.8
3.4
4.3
2.6
3.5
13.7
3.1
2.6
3.3
1.9
2.5
9.5
-
4.5
4.3
5.4
3.4
4.5
17.9
Black and other......................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
727
314
413
278
368
449
227
222
207
203
61.8
72.3
53.7
74.3
55.3
399
207
193
192
183
54.9
65.8
46.7
69.1
49.6
50
21
29
14
21
11.1
9.1
13.1
7.0
10.3
8.7
6.1
9.6
4.2
6.9
-
13.4
12.1
16.6
9.8
13.6
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
900
2,267
1,110
1,156
604
1,571
930
641
67.1
69.3
83.8
55.4
542
1,523
910
612
60.2
67.2
82.0
53.0
63
49
20
28
10.4
3.1
2.2
4.4
8.4
2.4
1.4
3.2
-
12.3
3.8
2.9
5.7
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
Vermont
Virginia
See footnotes at end of table.
25
5.8
5.2
7.2
4.1
5.9
- 22.4
Table
1. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
2,943
1,422
1,521
1,292
1,380
271
1,907
1,111
796
1,029
711
167
64.8
78.1
52.3
79.6
51.5
61.8
1,765
1,028
737
959
664
142
60.0
72.2
48.5
74.2
48.1
52.5
142
84
59
69
48
25
7.5
7.5
7.4
6.8
6.7
15.2
6.8
6.7
6.4
5.9
5.7
12.3
-
8.1
8.4
8.4
7.6
7.7
18.0
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
2,771
1,343
1,428
1,222
1,296
253
1,796
1,049
746
971
666
158
64.8
78.1
52.2
79.5
51.4
62.5
1,666
971
695
907
625
134
60.1
72.3
48.6
74.2
48.2
53.0
130
78
52
64
41
24
7.2
7.4
6.9
6.6
6.2
15.1
6.6
6.6
5.9
5.8
5.2
12.2
-
7.9
8.3
7.9
7.5
7.2
18.0
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r................. .......
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
172
79
92
70
84
112
62
50
57
45
65.0
78.2
53.6
81.8
53.5
99
56
43
52
39
57.5
70.7
46.2
74.5
46.1
13
6
7
5
6
11.4
9.6
13.8
8.9
13.7
8.2
5.6
8.7
4.9
8.3
-
14.7
13.5
19.0
12.9
19.1
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
642
1,835
907
927
468
1,173
727
445
73.0
63.9
80.1
48.0
413
1,110
693
416
64.4
60.5
76.4
44.9
55
63
34
29
11.7
5.4
4.7
6.5
10.2
4.7
3.8
5.3
-
13.3
6.1
5.5
7.8
State and population group
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Washington
*
West Virginia
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
1,405
674
731
604
667
135
768
482
286
445
261
62
54.7
71.5
39.1
73.7
39.2
45.8
696
435
262
407
242
47
49.6
64.5
35.8
67.5
36.3
35.1
72
47
25
38
20
14
9.4
9.8
8.6
8.5
7.6
23.2
8.6
8.8
7.3
7.5
6.3
19.5
- 10.2
- 10.9
9.8
9.5
8.8
- 27.0
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
1,372
657
715
588
652
131
749
471
278
435
254
61
54.6
71.7
38.9
73.9
3§.9
46.2
681
426
255
399
235
47
49.6
64.8
35.7
67.8
36.1
35.4
68
45
23
36
18
14
9.1
9.6
8.3
8.2
7.2
23.4
8.3
8.6
7.1
7.2
6.0
19.6
9.9
- 10.7
9.6
9.3
8.5
- 27.2
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
255
934
471
463
152
531
357
174
59.6
56.9
75.8
37.6
126
492
332
160
49.5
52.7
70.4
34.6
26
39
26
14
17.0
7.4
7.2
7.8
14.8
6.5
6.1
6.3
-
19.2
8.2
8.2
9.3
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
3,549
1,715
1,834
1,523
1,629
396
2,401
1,369
1,032
1,232
895
273
67.6
79.8
56.3
80.9
55.0
68.9
2,232
1,268
964
1,158
849
225
62.9
73.9
52.5
76.0
52.1
56.9
169
100
68
74
47
47
7.0
7.3
6.6
6.0
5.3
17.4
6.3
6.4
5.6
5.1
4.3
14.5
-
7.7
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.2
20.3
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
3,399
1,646
1,754
1,464
1,560
376
2,305
1,316
989
1,185
856
264
67.8
79.9
56.4
80.9
54.9
70.1
2,152
1,223
929
1,117
816
219
63.3
74.3
53.0
76.3
52.3
58.3
152
92
60
67
40
45
6.6
7.0
6.1
5.7
4.7
16.9
5.9
6.1
5.1
4.8
3.8
14.0
-
7.3
7.9
7.1
6.6
5.7
19.8
Black and o ther........................................
M e n ........................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
150
70
60
96
53
48
64.0
76.4
79.5
80
45
41
53.1
64.8
68.1
16
8
7
17.1
15.2
14.4
12.1
8.8
7.8
- 22.1
- 21.6
- 21.1
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
933
2,158
1,088
1,070
705
1,465
891
574
75.6
67.9
81.8
53.6
622
1,397
854
543
66.6
64.7
78.5
50.8
84
67
37
31
11.8
4.6
4.1
5.3
10.3
3.9
3.3
4.1
-
Wisconsin
See footnotes at end of table.
26
13.4
5.3
5.0
6.6
Table 1. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and o ver by State, sex, age, race, and marital
status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
State and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Unemployment
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Wyoming
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
332
167
165
150
150
32
233
141
92
130
83
20
70.0
84.5
55.5
86.3
55.2
63.3
223
136
87
126
79
18
67.3
81.8
52.7
83.9
52.7
57.3
9
4
5
3
4
2
3.9
3.1
5.1
2.7
4.5
9.4
3.4
2.6
4.2
2.1
3.6
6.8
-
4.4
3.7
6.1
3.3
5.4
11.9
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
325
163
162
147
147
31
228
138
90
127
81
20
70.2
84.6
55.8
86.3
55.5
63.7
219
134
86
124
78
18
67.5
82.0
52.9
84.0
52.9
57.8
9
4
5
3
4
2
3.9
3.1
5.2
2.7
4.6
9.3
3.4
2.5
4.3
2.1
3.7
6.7
-
4.4
3.7
6.1
3.3
5.5
11.8
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
72
218
109
109
55
152
95
57
76.7
69.8
87.3
52.2
51
148
94
54
71.1
68.0
85.9
50.0
4
4
2
2
7.3
2.6
1.6
4.3
5.9
2.1
1.1
3.2
-
8.7
3.1
2.1
5.4
1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which means
that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error range
constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based
on a complete census of the population would be contained within these error ranges.
2 Differences in population levels occur because of independent estimation of males
27
and females.
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular State based on the sample in that
State. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
because of rounding.
Tab!© 2. Pui!= and part-tim e status o f the civiiian labor force 16 years and over by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual
averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and State
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Number
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Number
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Percent of
part-time
labor force
Total, 16 years and over
United States ..............................................
89,346
79,024
4,214
6,108
6.8
15,373
14,032
1,341
8.7
Alabama.........................................................
A laska............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Arkansas........................................................
California........................................................
Colorado........................................................
Connecticut....................................................
Delaware........................................................
District of Columbia.......................................
Florida............................................................
1,446
168
961
836
9,525
1,253
1,334
236
286
3,359
1,229
143
858
726
8,472
1,132
1,232
205
256
3,004
94
9
42
49
443
59
35
14
9
171
123
15
62
61
611
63
67
17
20
184
8.5
9.0
6.5
7.3
6.4
5.0
5.0
7.2
7.0
5.5
195
19
164
136
1,677
220
282
44
32
566
175
17
152
122
1,528
200
253
39
29
515
20
3
13
13
149
20
29
4
3
50
10.4
13.9
7.8
9.7
8.9
8.9
10.1
10.2
8.9
8.9
Georgia..........................................................
Hawaii ............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
Illinois.............................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Iowa................................................................
Kansas ...........................................................
Kentucky........................................................
Louisiana .......................................................
M aine.............................................................
2,090
340
352
4,635
2,252
1,192
1,006
1,383
1,500
430
1,855
307
304
4,075
1,910
1,069
928
1,194
1,330
368
106
18
21
179
119
58
36
78
76
31
130
16
27
381
224
65
41
111
94
30
6.2
4.6
7.7
8.2
9.9
5.4
4.1
8.0
6.3
7.1
295
59
72
812
368
258
193
237
223
70
271
54
65
739
339
239
181
217
202
62
24
4
6
73
29
19
12
20
21
8
8.0
7.3
9.0
9.0
7.8
7.2
6.2
8.4
9.5
11.5
Maryland........................................................
Massachusetts...............................................
Michigan ........................................................
Minnesota......................................................
Mississippi .....................................................
Missouri..........................................................
Montana.........................................................
Nebraska.......................................................
Nevada...........................................................
New Hampshire.............................................
1,830
2,399
3,643
1,680
897
1,954
314
638
335
386
1,655
2,182
2,984
1,510
783
1,724
277
591
301
357
64
92
195
79
49
93
19
26
13
14
110
125
464
91
64
137
18
21
20
16
6.0
5.2
12.7
5.4
7.1
7.0
5.6
3.4
5.9
4.1
304
495
655
436
127
341
60
138
41
74
277
457
579
407
115
318
56
129
38
68
27
38
77
29
12
24
5
10
3
6
8.8
7.6
11.7
6.6
9.7
7.0
7.9
7.0
8.0
7.9
New Jersey ....................................................
New Mexico ...................................................
New Y ork.......................................................
North Carolina................................................
North Dakota..................................................
O hio................................................................
Oklahoma ......................................................
Oregon...........................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Rhode Island..................................................
3,042
461
6,831
2,409
257
4,354
1,145
1,080
4,588
387
2,731
410
6,034
2,124
228
3,791
1,048
925
4,008
345
100
19
303
136
17
207
43
67
239
18
211
32
493
150
12
356
54
88
341
24
6.9
7.0
7.2
6.2
4.7
8.2
4.7
8.1
7.4
6.1
540
82
1,161
332
51
732
180
192
780
76
493
73
1,051
302
48
661
170
175
704
66
47
8
110
30
3
71
10
17
76
10
8.8
10.0
9.5
9.0
6.0
9.6
5.5
8.8
9.8
12.8
South Carolina...............................................
South Dakota.................................................
Tennessee .....................................................
Texas .............................................................
U tah................................................................
Verm ont.........................................................
Virginia...........................................................
Washington ....................................................
West Virginia..................................................
W isconsin......................................................
Wyoming........................................................
1,163
277
1,782
5,584
492
206
2,201
1,617
677
1,932
202
1,012
248
1,560
5,092
445
181
2,000
1,406
580
1,712
186
71
16
96
230
18
11
99
91
34
89
9
80
12
125
261
29
13
102
119
62
131
7
6.9
4.5
7.0
4.7
5.8
6.4
4.6
7.4
9.2
6.8
3.6
143
61
233
827
115
39
330
290
91
469
30
134
57
213
752
106
37
302
267
82
431
29
9
3
20
75
9
3
27
23
10
38
2
6.6
5.8
8.5
9.1
7.8
6.4
8.3
8.0
10.4
8.1
6.0
United States ..............................................
55,194
49,542
2,046
3,607
6.5
4,951
4,401
550
11.1
Alabama.........................................................
A laska............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Arkansas........................................................
California........................................................
Colorado........................................................
Connecticut ....................................................
Delaware........................................................
District of Columbia........................................
Florida............................................................
879
101
592
502
5,831
773
825
147
145
2,005
763
86
527
443
5,244
708
770
131
130
1,825
51
5
25
27
221
29
16
6
5
82
65
10
39
32
367
36
38
9
11
98
7.4
9.5
6.6
6.4
6.3
4.7
4.6
6.3
7.3
4.9
75
7
56
50
553
68
80
14
12
214
68
5
50
43
489
62
72
12
11
194
7
1
6
7
65
6
9
2
1
20
9.8
19.3
10.0
14.3
11.7
8.6
10.7
12.1
9.9
9.3
Georgia...........................................................
Hawaii ............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
1,235
189
233
1,132
174
205
48
7
11
55
9
16
4.5
4.6
7.0
100
19
20
91
19
17
10
1
2
9.5
4.5
12.3
Men
See footnotes at end of table.
28
Table 2. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force 16 years and over by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual
averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and State
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Number
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Number
Percent of
part-time
labor force
Men—Continued
Illinois.............................................................
Indiana.............................. ............................
Iowa................................................................
Kansas ...........................................................
Kentucky........................................................
Louisiana .......................................................
M aine.............................................................
2,896
1,391
774
618
863
936
265
2,573
1,202
701
577
752
843
235
86
59
32
19
41
38
13
238
130
41
23
70
55
17
8.2
9.4
5.2
3.7
8.2
5.9
6.4
258
115
82
62
76
79
21
227
101
74
57
68
70
17
31
14
8
5
8
9
3
11.9
12.0
9.6
8.0
10.9
12.0
16.5
Maryland........................................................
Massachusetts...............................................
Michigan ........................................................
Minnesota......................................................
Mississippi .....................................................
Missouri..........................................................
Montana.........................................................
Nebraska .......................................................
Nevada...........................................................
New Hampshire.............................................
1,098
1,496
2,315
1,068
536
1,190
202
403
209
241
1,004
1,374
1,918
967
482
1,064
184
378
189
226
30
42
91
38
24
44
8
13
7
6
64
80
307
63
29
82
10
13
12
10
5.8
5.3
13.2
5.9
5.5
6.9
5.1
3.2
5.7
4.0
96
134
213
125
44
119
18
41
14
21
87
122
176
116
39
110
16
38
13
19
9
12
37
10
4
10
2
3
1
2
9.1
9.2
17.5
7.9
10.2
8.0
11.8
7.6
10.5
9.0
New Jersey ...................................................
New Mexico ..................................................
New Y o rk.......................................................
North Carolina................................................
North Dakota.................................................
O hio...............................................................
Oklahoma......................................................
Oregon...........................................................
Pennsylvania.................................................
Rhode Island.................................................
1,863
297
4,184
1,411
169
2,732
715
688
2,925
237
1,704
268
3,756
1,268
154
2,423
660
599
2,602
215
46
9
136
65
8
89
22
39
107
7
113
20
292
78
8
220
33
51
217
14
6.1
6.6
7.0
5.5
4.4
8.0
4.6
7.4
7.4
6.0
150
29
384
120
14
216
59
54
229
20
131
25
338
105
13
187
55
47
200
17
19
3
46
15
1
29
3
6
29
3
12.5
11.7
11.9
12.5
7.4
13.3
5.7
11.8
12.6
15.0
South Carolina...............................................
South Dakota.................................................
Tennessee .....................................................
Texas .............................................................
Utah................................................................
Vermont .........................................................
Virginia ...........................................................
Washington ....................................................
West Virginia..................................................
Wisconsin......................................................
Wyoming.............................................. ..........
689
177
1,065
3,462
325
130
1,291
1,029
454
1,240
132
613
161
946
3,196
300
118
1,196
912
390
1,117
124
33
9
52
129
8
5
48
41
20
39
4
43
8
67
138
16
7
48
76
44
84
4
6.2
4.5
6.3
4.0
5.1
5.5
3.7
7.3
9.6
6.8
3.0
47
17
94
312
34
11
123
82
28
128
9
44
16
82
279
30
10
109
74
25
112
8
3
1
12
33
4
1
13
8
4
16
(2)
6.1
7.0
12.4
10.6
10.7
7.2
10.9
10.0
13.2
12.8
(3
)
Women
United States ..............................................
34,151
29,482
2,169
2,500
7.3
10,422
9,632
791
7.6
Alabama.........................................................
A laska............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Arkansas ........................................................
California........................................................
Colorado........................................................
Connecticut....................................................
Delaware........................................................
District of Columbia.......................................
Florida............................................................
567
67
369
334
3,694
480
509
89
141
1,353
466
57
330
283
3,228
424
461
73
127
1,179
43
5
17
23
222
30
20
8
5
89
59
6
23
28
244
27
29
8
9
86
10.3
8.4
6.2
8.5
6.6
5.6
5.6
8.7
6.7
6.3
120
13
109
85
1,124
153
202
30
19
352
107
11
102
79
1,040
139
182
27
18
322
13
1
7
6
84
14
20
3
2
30
10.7
11.2
6.7
7.0
7.5
9.1
9.9
9.4
8.3
8.6
Georgia..........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
Illinois.............................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Iow a................................................................
Kansas ...........................................................
Kentucky........................................................
Louisiana .......................................................
M aine.............................................................
856
152
120
1,739
861
418
387
520
564
165
723
134
99
1,502
708
368
352
442
487
133
58
11
10
94
60
26
18
37
38
18
75
7
11
143
94
24
18
41
39
13
8.8
4.6
8.9
8.2
10.9
5.8
4.7
7.86.9
8.1
195
39
52
554
253
175
131
161
144
50
180
36
48
512
238
165
124
150
132
45
14
3
4
42
15
11
7
12
12
5
7.2
8.7
7.7
7.7
6.0
6.1
5.4
7.2
8.1
9.5
Maryland........................................................
Massachusetts...............................................
Michigan ........................................................
Minnesota......................................................
Mississippi ......................................................
Missouri..........................................................
732
903
1,328
612
361
764
651
808
1,066
543
301
659
34
50
104
42
26
49
47
45
157
28
35
56
6.4
5.0
11.9
4.6
9.6
7.3
208
360
442
310
83
222
190
335
403
291
75
208
18
25
40
19
8
14
8.7
7.0
8.9
6.1
9.4
6.4
See footnotes at end of table.
29
Table 2. Full- and part-tim e status of the civilian labor force 16 years and over by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual
averages—-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and State
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Number
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Number
Percent of
part-time
labor force
Women—Continued
Montana.........................................................
Nebraska.......................................................
Nevada...........................................................
New Hampshire.............................................
112
235
126
145
93
213
112
131
11
13
6
8
7
9
8
6
6.5
3.7
6.3
4.3
42
98
27
53
40
91
25
50
3
7
2
4
6.3
6.8
6.7
7.4
New Jersey ....................................................
New Mexico ...................................................
New Y ork.......................................................
North Carolina................................................
North Dakota..................................................
O hio................................................................
Oklahoma.......................................................
Oregon...........................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Rhode Island..................................................
1,178
164
2,646
999
88
1,622
430
391
1,662
150
1,027
142
2,278
856
75
1,368
388
326
1,406
130
54
9
168
71
8
118
21
28
132
11
98
12
201
72
4
136
21
37
124
9
8.3
7.6
7.6
7.2
5.1
8.4
4.9
9.4
7.5
6.3
390
53
777
212
37
516
121
138
551
55
362
48
713
197
35
474
115
128
504
49
29
5
64
15
2
42
7
11
47
7
7.3
9.1
8.3
7.0
5.5
8.1
5.4
7.7
8.6
12.0
South Carolina...............................................
South Dakota.................................................
Tennessee ......................................................
Texas .............................................................
U tah................................................................
Verm ont.........................................................
Virginia...........................................................
Washington ....................................................
West Virginia..................................................
Wisconsin .......................................................
Wyoming........................................................
475
100
717
2,122
167
76
909
588
223
691
70
400
88
615
1,897
145
64
804
494
190
595
62
37
8
44
101
10
6
52
50
14
49
5
38
4
58
124
12
6
54
44
19
47
3
7.9
4.3
8.1
5.8
7.4
8.0
5.9
7.4
8.4
6.8
4.8
96
43
139
515
81
28
207
208
63
341
22
90
41
131
473
76
27
193
193
57
319
20
7
2
8
42
5
2
14
15
6
21
1
6.8
5.3
5.9
8.1
6.6
6.1
6.8
7.2
9.2
6.3
6.3
Both sexes, 16-19 years
United States ..............................................
4,933
3,249
734
950
19.3
4,309
3,620
689
16.0
Alabama.........................................................
A laska............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Arkansas........................................................
California........................................................
Colorado........................................................
Connecticut....................................................
Delaware........................................................
Florida............................................................
78
10
60
51
505
68
62
15
198
43
6
39
31
336
49
44
8
134
14
2
8
7
68
8
7
3
29
20
2
13
13
100
11
11
4
34
26.2
22.0
21.2
24.7
19.9
15.6
17.2
26.0
17.3
52
5
55
37
463
59
88
14
145
40
4
47
29
388
50
72
12
117
12
1
8
7
75
10
16
2
28
23.3
18.9
14.8
20.2
16.3
16.2
17.7
13.8
19.2
Georgia..........................................................
Hawaii ............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
Illinois.............................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Iowa................................................................
Kansas ...........................................................
Kentucky........................................................
Louisiana .......................................................
Maine .............................................................
127
14
22
246
132
69
58
81
89
28
90
9
14
161
76
47
43
47
61
17
16
2
4
29
20
11
9
17
11
6
21
2
4
56
36
11
6
18
17
5
16.8
17.5
19.4
22.6
27.4
16.5
10.3
21.8
19.5
17.0
81
15
20
245
97
82
54
63
56
19
69
13
17
206
83
71
47
52
45
15
12
2
3
39
14
11
7
11
11
4
14.9
11.8
14.9
15.9
14.3
13.6
13.1
18.1
19.6
19.3
Maryland........................................................
Massachusetts...............................................
Michigan ........................................................
Minnesota......................................................
Mississippi ......................................................
Missouri..........................................................
Montana.........................................................
Nebraska.......................................................
Nevada...........................................................
New Hampshire.............................................
98
134
229
109
47
104
20
39
18
23
67
95
134
74
30
70
14
29
13
17
13
18
43
19
6
13
3
6
1
3
18
20
52
15
12
21
4
4
3
2
18.7
15.3
22.7
14.1
24.8
20.4
17.4
9.2
18.7
10.1
87
138
206
129
36
93
14
39
12
18
74
121
167
117
29
82
12
34
10
15
14
18
39
13
7
11
2
4
1
3
15.8
12.9
18.9
9.7
18.7
11.4
14.4
11.4
9.7
15.2
New Jersey ....................................................
New Mexico ...................................................
New Y o rk.......................................................
North Carolina................................................
North Dakota..................................................
O hio................................................................
Oklahoma.......................................................
Oregon............................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Rhode Island..................................................
140
25
298
133
15
242
69
62
245
21
92
16
183
84
11
156
51
39
151
15
14
3
53
21
2
40
7
12
41
2
34
5
63
28
2
46
10
11
52
3
24.3
20.7
21.0
20.9
14.5
18.8
15.3
18.3
21.4
15.4
147
23
291
104
12
215
46
46
218
21
123
18
234
88
' 10
180
42
38
178
17
24
5
56
16
1
35
4
8
39
4
16.3
21.8
19.3
15.7
10.8
16.4
9.5
16.9
18.0
18.7
See footnotes at end of table.
30
Table 2 . Full- and part-tim e status o f the civilian labor force 16 years and o ver by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual
averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Part-time labor force
Full-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and State
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules’
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Number
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Number
Percent of
part-time
labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years—Continued
South Carolina..........................................
South Dakota............................................ ....
Tennessee ................................................. ....
Texas ........................................................ ....
U tah...........................................................
Verm ont.....................................................
Virginia......................................................
Washington ...............................................
West Virginia.............................................
Wisconsin..................................................
Wyoming....................................................
67
19
99
335
37
13
105
88
37
133
12
43
13
61
245
27
9
69
57
21
85
10
13
4
17
37
4
2
17
16
7
23
1
11
2
22
53
6
2
19
16
9
25
1
16.3
9.6
21.8
15.9
15.2
12.6
18.3
18.1
25.0
18.7
11.3
(3)
18
53
259
33
10
92
79
24
140
8
(3)
17
43
219
29
8
75
70
19
118
8
1
10
40
4
1
17
9
5
23
1
(3>
7.3
19.0
15.5
11.3
12.0
18.2
11.9
20.6
16.1
6.5
(3)
White (both sexes)
United States .........................................
78,287
70,057
3,523
4,708
6.0
13,884
12,801
1,083
7.8
Alabama....................................................
A laska.......................................................
Arizona......................................................
Arkansas ...................................................
California....................................................
Colorado....................................................
Connecticut...............................................
Delaware....................................................
District of Columbia...................................
Florida.......................................................
1,088
144
923
731
8,261
1,200
1,242
201
101
2,773
961
125
827
647
7,404
1,088
1,151
178
96
2,518
57
7
40
38
382
56
33
11
2
126
70
12
57
45
475
57
58
12
3
130
6.5
8.1
6.1
6.2
5.7
4.7
4.7
6.0
3.4
4.7
147
16
159
117
1,494
213
269
39
10
479
137
14
147
107
1,376
195
244
35
10
442
10
2
12
10
118
18
25
4
(2)
37
6.8
13.3
7.3
8.5
7.9
8.4
9.4
10.1
(3)
7.8
Georgia.....................................................
H aw aii.......................................................
Idaho.........................................................
Illinois........................................................
Indiana......................................................
Iow a...........................................................
Kansas ......................................................
Kentucky....................................................
Louisiana ...................................................
M aine........................................................
1,674
102
347
4,010
2,068
1,173
949
1,294
1,120
426
1,526
90
300
3,567
1,774
1,057
882
1,123
1,029
365
69
6
21
155
109
57
33
73
42
31
79
6
26
289
186
59
34
98
49
30
4.7
5.8
7.6
7.2
9.0
5.1
3.6
7.6
4.4
7.1
248
19
71
738
344
253
182
222
167
70
234
17
65
680
317
236
172
204
154
62
14
1
6
58
26
17
9
18
13
8
5.6
7.9
9.0
7.8
7.7
6.6
5.2
8.1
7.8
11.4
Maryland....................................................
Massachusetts..........................................
Michigan ....................................................
Minnesota..................................................
Mississippi .................................................
Missouri......................................................
Montana.....................................................
Nebraska...................................................
Nevada......................................................
New Hampshire.........................................
1,400
2,305
3,188
1,643
641
1,767
302
617
305
384
1,284
2,095
2,656
1,479
585
1,574
268
573
276
354
47
89
173
77
26
83
18
25
12
14
68
121
360
87
29
110
15
19
17
16
4.9
5.3
11.3
5.3
4.5
6.2
4.9
3.1
5.5
4.1
251
482
603
427
87
315
58
134
39
74
232
446
541
400
81
295
53
126
36
68
19
36
62
27
6
20
4
8
3
6
7.7
7.4
10.3
6.3
6.7
6.3
7.6
6.0
7.3
7.7
New Jersey ...............................................
New Mexico .............................................. ....
New Y ork................................................... ....
North Carolina........................................... ....
North Dakota.............................................
O hio...........................................................
Oklahoma..................................................
Oregon.......................................................
Pennsylvania.............................................
Rhode Island.............................................
2,657
425
5,795
2,412
381
5,164
1,731
224
3,486
964
889
3,691
331
89
17
252
88
16
186
39
64
213
17
157
27
379
92
11
281
41
81
272
23
5.9
6.5
6.5
4.8
4.2
7.1
4.0
7.8
6.5
6.1
503
76
1,049
266
51
676
166
187
720
74
465
69
957
247
48
619
158
171
657
65
38
7
92
19
57
8
16
63
9
7.6
9.3
8.8
7.2
5.6
8.5
4.9
8.7
8.8
12.6
South Carolina..........................................
South Dakota............................................
Tennessee .................................................
Texas ........................................................
U tah...........................................................
Verm ont.....................................................
Virginia.......................................................
Washington ...............................................
West Virginia.............................................
Wisconsin ..................................................
Wyoming....................................................
838
266
1,524
4,957
480
205
763
240
1,365
4,561
435
181
1,678
1,325
568
1,648
183
34
16
75
196
18
11
71
86
33
84
8
41
10
83
200
28
13
62
108
60
117
7
4.9
3.9
5.5
4.0
5.8
6.4
3.4
7.1
9.0
6.3
3.6
103
59
191
731
113
39
271
276
88
455
30
98
56
176
674
104
37
253
255
79
420
28
5
3
14
56
9
3
17
21
9
35
2
4.8
5.4
7.6
7.7
7.7
6.4
6.4
7.7
10.1
7.7
6.0
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
1,911
251
3,954
1,044
1,033
4,176
371
1,811
1,519
661
1,849
198
See footnotes at end of table.
31
3
Table 2 . Full- and part-tim e status off the civilian labor fforce 16 years and over by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual
averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and State
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Number
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
2
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Number
Percent of
part-time
labor force
Black and other (both sexes)
United States ..............................................
11,058
8,967
691
1,400
12.7
1,489
1,231
258
17.3
Alabama..........................................................
A laska............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Arkansas .........................................................
California........................................................
Colorado........................................................
Connecticut....................................................
Delaware........................................................
District of Columbia.......................................
Florida............................................................
358
23
38
105
1,264
53
92
34
185
585
268
18
31
79
1,068
44
81
27
161
487
37
2
2
11
61
3
2
2
8
45
53
4
5
15
136
6
9
5
17
54
14.9
15.1
13.8
14.5
10.8
11.1
9.3
14.5
9.0
9.2
49
(3)
(3)
(3)
183
(3)
(3)
<
3)
21
87
39
(3)
(3)
(3)
152
(3)
(3)
(3)
19
74
10
f5
)
(3)
(3)
31
(3)
(3)
(3)
2
13
20.9
(3)
(3)
<
3)
17.1
(3)
(3)
(3)
11.1
15.0
Georgia..........................................................
Hawaii ............................................................
Illinois.............................................................
Indiana ...........................................................
Kansas ...........................................................
Kentucky........................................................
Louisiana.......................................................
416
239
625
184
56
90
380
328
217
508
136
46
71
301
37
12
25
10
3
5
34
51
10
92
38
7
13
45
12.3
4.1
14.8
20.5
12.7
14.6
11.8
(3)
40
74
(3)
(3)
<
3)
55
(3)
37
58
(3)
(3)
(3)
47
<
3)
3
16
(3)
<
3)
(3)
8
(3)
7.0
21.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
14.6
Maryland........................................................
Massachusetts...............................................
Michigan ........................................................
Minnesota......................................................
Mississippi .....................................................
Missouri..........................................................
Montana.........................................................
Nebraska.......................................................
Nevada...........................................................
430
94
455
37
256
187
12
21
30
371
87
329
31
198
150
8
18
25
17
3
22
2
23
10
1
1
1
42
4
104
4
35
27
3
2
3
9.8
3.9
22.9
10.6
13.6
14.5
21.9
10.5
10.6
53
(3)
53
(3)
40
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
45
(3)
38
(3)
33
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
7
(3)
15
<
3)
6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
14.0
(3)
27.7
(3)
16.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
New Jersey ...................................................
New Mexico ...................................................
New Y ork.......................................................
North Carolina................................................
O hio................................................................
Oklahoma ......................................................
Oregon...........................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Rhode Island..................................................
384
36
1,036
498
400
101
46
412
16
318
29
870
393
305
84
36
317
14
11
2
51
47
21
4
3
26
1
54
5
115
57
75
12
7
69
1
14.1
13.2
11.1
11.5
18.7
12.3
15.5
16.8
6.8
(3)
(3)
112
66
56
(3)
(3)
60
(3)
(3)
(3)
94
55
43
<
3)
f3)
47
(3)
(3)
(3)
18
11
13
(3)
(3)
13
(3)
(3)
(3)
15.8
16.3
23.5
(3)
(3)
21.5
(3)
South Carolina...............................................
South Dakota.................................................
Tennessee .....................................................
Texas .............................................................
Virginia...........................................................
Washington ....................................................
Wisconsin ......................................................
325
11
258
627
390
98
82
249
9
195
531
322
82
64
37
1
21
34
29
5
5
39
2
42
61
40
11
14
12.1
17.1
16.3
9.8
10.2
11.2
16.7
41
(3)
(3)
97
(3)
(3)
(3)
36
(3)
(3)
78
(3)
(3)
(3)
4
(3)
(3)
19
(3)
(3)
(3)
11.0
(3)
(3)
19.3
(3)
(3)
<
3)
1 Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately
among the full- and part-time employed categories.
2 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent.
3 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS publication
32
standards of reliability for the particular State, based on the sample in the State. See
appendix B.
NOTE: Numbers may not add to totals because of rounding.
Table 3. Labor force status o f the experien ced 1 civilian labor force by occupation and State, 1930 annual
averages
(Numbers in thousands)
White-collar workers
Blue-collar workers
Total
Profes
sional
and tech
nical
workers
Managers
and
adminis
trators,
except
farm
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft and
kindred
workers
Opera
tives,
except
transport
Transport
equip
ment
opera
tives
Nonfarm
laborers
United S tates................................. 103,867
52,760
16,007
11,189
6,455
19,109
34,214
13,413
11,781
3,803
Alabama ...........................................
A laska...............................................
Arizona..............................................
Arkansas ...........................................
California ...........................................
Colorado...........................................
Connecticut.......................................
Delaware ..........................................
District of Columbia..........................
Florida...............................................
1,618
186
1,119
961
11,108
1,466
1,602
276
315
3,893
661
105
631
399
6,314
836
918
146
205
2,013
187
36
203
107
1,924
274
314
52
81
526
123
24
144
95
1,401
187
193
26
34
458
95
10
83
50
758
101
114
16
10
291
257
35
200
148
2,231
274
296
52
80
738
691
54
322
372
3,159
397
485
85
52
1,176
263
25
142
127
1,281
192
220
35
19
530
245
10
77
144
1,053
103
175
27
82
6
35
41
350
38
Georgia.............................................
Hawaii...............................................
Idaho.................................................
Illinois................................................
Indiana..............................................
Iowa ..................................................
Kansas ..............................................
Kentucky...........................................
Louisiana..........................................
M aine................................................
2,366
397
423
5,394
2,604
1,441
1,194
1,604
1,706
497
1,177
215
194
2,743
1,074
642
591
681
834
214
327
67
58
844
295
194
166
190
227
71
276
48
43
558
224
132
140
143
191
45
154
26
26
339
137
87
74
80
120
24
420
75
68
1,002
418
229
211
267
297
74
818
96
142
1,847
1,064
458
356
599
594
202
287
45
62
711
390
183
154
222
254
69
321
20
37
678
423
151
120
229
161
82
Maryland...........................................
Massachusetts..................................
M ichigan...........................................
Minnesota.........................................
Mississippi........................................
Missouri ............................................
Montana ...........................................
Nebraska..........................................
Nevada .............................................
New Hampshire................................
2,114
2,875
4,251
2,106
1,014
2,282
372
773
374
458
1,264
1,559
1,968
1,041
434
1,127
168
351
179
242
426
526
604
325
133
338
53
101
47
84
241
321
367
215
107
248
38
83
44
55
128
169
243
129
49
142
23
46
24
29
469
544
754
371
145
400
54
121
64
74
558
905
1,609
586
406
735
103
220
86
151
242
348
568
246
139
280
50
92
45
59
145
356
647
181
160
245
18
67
15
61
New Jersey.......................................
New Mexico ......................................
New York .........................................
North Carolina ..................................
North Dakota ....................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oklahoma.........................................
Oregon..............................................
Pennsylvania.....................................
Rhode Island ....................................
3,549
538
7,907
2,719
307
5,041
1,321
1,266
5,313
459
2,000
284
4,454
1,216
132
2,430
668
661
2,565
220
598
102
1,357
363
40
735
190
196
809
65
424
62
849
279
29
501
161
144
501
45
234
33
479
162
20
299
83
94
305
28
743
88
1,768
412
43
895
234
228
950
81
1,092
156
2,203
1,100
77
1,833
423
403
1,985
178
436
67
839
344
37
697
165
156
727
59
386
40
742
492
14
671
142
112
746
83
South Carolina..................................
South Dakota....................................
Tennessee ........................................
Texas ................................................
Utah ..................................................
Vermont............................................
Virginia..............................................
Washington .......................................
West Virginia.....................................
Wisconsin..........................................
Wyoming...........................................
1,299
336
2,000
6,369
604
244
2,509
1,896
760
2,381
232
574
146
878
3,237
327
118
1,367
1,008
301
1,072
107
164
42
262
922
100
42
455
331
80
324
34
134
36
176
744
74
26
286
201
63
207
25
68
17
117
418
40
15
148
131
37
141
12
208
51
322
1,154
114
36
478
346
121
400
35
518
84
813
2,137
195
78
784
592
349
834
79
212
36
285
928
84
33
305
278
136
294
40
United S tates.................................
97,270
50,809
15,613
10,919
6,172
18,105
30,800
Alabama ...........................................
A laska...............................................
Arizona..............................................
Arkansas...........................................
California ...........................................
Colorado...........................................
Connecticut.......................................
Delaware ..........................................
District of Columbia..........................
Florida...............................................
1,498
169
1,051
898
10,443
1,391
1,520
258
294
3,691
637
99
608
385
6,072
806
888
140
196
1,939
180
35
198
104
1,866
268
306
51
79
513
120
23
141
93
1,367
180
190
25
34
448
92
9
78
48
731
96
108
15
281
244
32
191
140
2,108
261
283
49
75
697
621
47
290
337
2,870
374
450
76
47
1,100
Georgia.............................................
Hawaii...............................................
Idaho.................................................
Illinois................................................
2,231
379
391
4,993
1,138
208
187
2,629
322
65
57
820
270
46
41
540
149
25
25
324
398
72
64
945
753
90
125
1,618
275
43
56
652
Population group and State
Total
Service
workers
Farm
workers
5,216
14,064
2,829
102
14
67
60
474
65
52
13
13
224
220
26
149
121
1,390
194
193
40
57
605
127
20
25
250
142
67
47
86
108
34
308
71
52
711
387
184
158
225
231
68
273
402
621
338
130
316
56
114
100
59
<2)
(2)
(2)
102
123
224
83
60
119
20
34
14
20
115
19
277
105
13
198
51
53
226
15
155
31
345
159
13
266
64
81
286
21
432
72
1,175
313
43
690
162
164
716
60
( 2)
183
22
330
627
58
26
267
144
112
339
19
45
11
81
250
23
8
90
66
39
91
9
77
15
117
332
30
11
122
104
61
110
11
184
51
247
795
69
34
316
263
98
346
31
12,529
10,346
3,468
4,456
12,958
245
21
131
119
1,201
183
208
32
18
509
216
9
70
127
935
95
161
24
74
5
32
39
320
37
85
11
58
52
414
59
45
11
11
204
198
23
138
111
1,287
175
178
36
51
562
117
18
21
204
280
68
46
656
Civilian labor force
0
284
(*)
10
12
138
83
( 2)
18
209
108
57
36
63
72
17
70
78
170
76
47
91
14
26
13
45
( 2)
(2)
68
245
38
(2)
w
<2)
99
62
14
35
93
79
157
88
100
47
(2)
54
142
44
104
46
88
9
<2)
26
76
90
55
87
68
37
(*)
(*)
(2)
55
62
200
13
14
( 2)
<2)
<2)
129
15
Employed
9
See footnotes at end of table.
33
O
258
283
18
31
581
(2)
10
11
130
78
(2)
17
181
2,704
43
(2)
( 2)
65
214
37
(*>
(2)
( 2)
90
60
13
33
90
Table 3. Labor fo rce status ©f the experienced1 civilian labor fo rce by occupation and State, 1980 annua!
averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
White-collar workers
Population group and State
Total
Total
Managers
Profes
and
sional
adminis
and tech
trators,
nical
except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft and
kindred
workers
Opera
tives,
except
transport
Transport
equip
ment
opera
tives
Nonfarm
laborers
Service
workers
Farm
workers
Employed—Continued
Indiana..............................................
Iowa ..................................................
Kansas..............................................
Kentucky...........................................
Louisiana..........................................
M aine................................................
2,368
1,366
1,145
1,489
1,608
461
1,032
823
577
655
807
206
287
190
164
187
222
70
218
130
138
139
189
43
131
83
72
77
117
24
397
220
203
251
279
70
915
414
332
527
542
183
355
168
147
204
236
64
348
137
109
196
145
74
95
52
33
57
67
15
118
57
42
71
93
29
346
175
149
209
214
62
75
155
87
99
45
(2)
Maryland...........................................
Massachusetts..................................
Michigan...........................................
Minnesota.........................................
Mississippi........................................
Missouri ............................................
M ontana...........................................
Nebraska..........................................
Nevada.............................................
New Hampshire................................
1,996
2,731
3,757
1,996
948
2,134
352
745
352
439
1,221
1,506
1,862
1,010
418
1,091
161
342
172
237
417
511
587
316
131
333
51
99
46
83
234
315
354
213
106
244
37
82
42
54
123
161
225
126
47
135
22
44
23
28
447
519
696
355
135
380
52
117
60
71
508
837
1,297
525
371
651
94
208
79
142
229
326
498
229
132
258
48
89
41
56
127
329
483
158
142
211
17
63
13
56
67
75
143
68
44
81
13
25
12
(2)
86
107
173
71
53
101
17
32
12
18
248
380
550
322
117
290
51
108
93
56
<
2)
(2)
49
138
42
102
45
87
9
(2)
New Jersey.......................................
New M exico.....................................
New York .........................................
North Carolina..................................
North D akota....................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oklahoma.........................................
Oregon..............................................
Pennsylvania.....................................
Rhode Island ....................................
3,323
502
7,389
2,561
293
4,660
1,261
1,167
4,951
429
1,920
274
4,253
1,174
128
2,336
650
632
2,476
209
583
99
1,312
356
39
720
188
191
792
62
412
61
825
271
29
485
157
137
487
43
220
31
448
155
19
286
79
88
295
27
705
83
1,668
392
40
844
225
216
902
76
980
139
1,977
1,012
70
1,609
393
356
1,769
163
413
61
784
323
35
647
157
143
670
55
333
36
655
449
13
572
129
99
858
76
103
18
247
99
12
176
49
48
206
14
131
24
292
142
11
214
57
66
236
19
400
65
1,085
290
41
631
152
143
660
56
(2)
25
73
85
55
84
67
36
(2)
(2)
South Carolina..................................
South Dakota....................................
Tennessee ........................................
Texas ................................................
Utah ..................................................
Vermont............................................
Virginia..............................................
Washington .......................................
West Virginia.....................................
Wisconsin.........................................
Wyoming...........................................
1,216
322
1,870
6,075
570
230
2,401
1,765
696
2,232
223
552
142
848
3,144
315
113
1,327
967
287
1,036
104
160
41
257
903
97
41
445
322
79
316
34
131
35
173
734
73
25
280
194
61
201
24
67
17
113
403
38
14
145
125
35
136
11
194
48
305
1,104
107
34
457
325
113
384
34
475
77
733
2,006
178
71
738
528
310
746
75
198
33
274
892
78
30
291
252
125
276
38
167
21
288
576
52
23
248
127
100
295
18
43
10
76
238
21
7
87
61
35
81
9
67
13
95
299
27
10
111
88
50
94
10
168
48
229
732
64
32
296
241
88
325
30
(2)
55
60
194
12
14
(2)
(2)
<
2)
124
15
United S ta te s.................................
6,596
1,951
395
270
283
1,004
3,414
884
1,436
335
760
1,107
125
Alabam a...........................................
Alaska...............................................
Arizona..............................................
Arkansas...........................................
California..........................................
Colorado...........................................
Connecticut......................................
Delaware ..........................................
District of Columbia..........................
Florida...............................................
120
17
68
63
666
75
82
18
20
202
25
6
23
15
242
31
30
6
9
74
7
2
5
3
58
6
7
1
2
13
3
1
3
1
34
7
3
1
1
9
3
1
5
2
27
5
6
1
1
11
13
3
9
8
123
13
13
3
5
41
70
8
32
36
289
23
36
8
5
76
18
3
11
8
79
9
12
3
2
22
28
1
7
17
119
7
14
3
(2)
26
8
1
4
3
30
1
(2)
(3)
1
8
16
2
10
8
61
5
8
2
2
20
23
3
11
10
104
20
15
3
6
42
Georgia.............................................
H aw aii...............................................
Idaho.................................................
Illinois................................................
Indiana..............................................
Iowa ..................................................
Kansas ..............................................
Kentucky...........................................
Louisiana..........................................
M aine................................................
135
17
32
402
236
74
48
115
98
36
39
7
8
114
41
19
14
26
27
8
5
2
1
23
8
4
2
3
5
2
6
1
1
18
6
2
2
4
2
2
5
1
1
15
6
4
2
3
4
1
23
3
4
58
21
9
8
15
18
4
64
7
18
229
149
44
24
72
52
20
12
2
6
59
36
15
6
18
17
5
38
1
6
96
75
14
10
33
15
8
4
2
28
13
5
3
6
4
2
10
2
4
46
25
9
5
15
15
5
28
3
5
56
41
9
8
16
17
7
Maryland...........................................
Massachusetts..................................
Michigan...........................................
Minnesota.........................................
Mississippi.........................................
Missouri ............................................
Montana ...........................................
Nebraska..........................................
118
144
494
110
67
148
21
28
43
53
108
30
16
36
6
9
9
15
18
9
3
5
2
2
7
6
13
3
1
4
1
1
5
8
17
3
2
7
1
2.
22
25
58
16
10
20
3
4
50
68
311
61
35
85
8
12
13
22
70
17
7
22
3
3
18
27
165
23
18
35
2
4
3
4
27
8
3
10
1
2
16
15
51
12
8
18
3
2
24
23
71
15
14
26
5
6
Unemployed
See footnotes at end of table.
34
(2)
2
(2)
(2)
3
31
1
(2)
<
2)
(2)
10
3
1
2
3
5
2
1
1
1
(2)
(2)
(2)
5
3
2
2
1
1
Table 3. Labor force status o f the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation and State, 1980 annual
averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Blue-collar workers
White-collar workers
Population group and State
Total
Total
Managers
Profes
and
sional
adminis
and tech trators,
nical
except
workers
farm
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft and
kindred
workers
Opera
tives,
except
transport
Transport
equip
ment
opera
tives
Nonfarm
laborers
Service
workers
Farm
workers
Unemployed—Continued
1
2
1
7
3
(3)
(2)
53
4
87
43
2
100
13
13
88
8
12
1
30
6
1
22
2
5
20
1
24
7
53
17
2
52
7
15
50
2
32
7
90
23
2
60
10
22
56
4
(2)
16
2
42
52
6
3
19
17
12
44
1
3
1
5
11
1
1
3
6
5
9
(3)
10
2
22
33
4
1
12
16
11
17
1
16
3
18
63
5
2
20
23
10
21
2
Nevada ....................................
New Hampshire....................... .........
22
19
7
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
8
10
3
3
1
4
New Jersey .............................
New M exico............................ ........
New York ................................ ........
North Carolina ........................ ........
North D akota.......................... ........
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma................................
Oregon..................................... .......
Pennsylvania........................... ........
Rhode Island .......................... .........
225
36
519
158
14
381
60
99
362
30
80
10
201
42
4
94
18
30
89
11
15
3
46
7
1
15
2
5
17
2
12
1
24
8
(3
)
16
4
6
14
2
15
1
31
7
1
13
4
5
11
1
38
5
100
19
2
51
8
13
48
5
112
18
226
88
7
224
31
46
215
15
23
5
55
21
2
50
9
13
57
4
South Carolina........................
South Dakota.......................... ........
Tennessee ............................. ........
Texas .......................................
Utah ........................................ .......
Verm ont................................... ........
Virginia..................................... ........
Washington ............................. ........
West Virginia........................... ........
Wisconsin................................ ........
Wyoming.................................. ........
82
15
130
294
34
14
107
131
63
150
9
22
4
30
93
12
5
40
41
14
36
3
3
1
5
19
3
1
10
8
2
9
1
3V
1
4
10
1
1
6
6
2
6
(3)
2
14
2
17
50
6
2
21
21
8
16
1
43
7
79
132
16
7
46
64
39
88
4
14
3
11
35
6
2
13
26
12
18
1
(3)
4
15
2
1
4
6
2
5
1
(2)
1
3
5
1
3
(3
)
2
(2
)
(2)
(2)
(3)
3
8
1
(3)
(2)
(2
)
(2)
4
(3)
Unemployment rate
United S tates....................... ........
6.4
3.7
2.5
2.4
4.4
5.3
10.0
6.6
12.2
8.8
14.6
7.9
4.4
Alabama ..................................
Alaska...................................... .........
Arizona..................................... .........
Arkansas..................................
California .................................
Colorado..................................
Connecticut.............................
Delaware .................................
District of Columbia.................
Florida...................................... .........
7.4
9.0
6.0
6.6
6.0
5.1
5.1
6.6
6.5
5.2
3.7
5.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.3
4.1
4.6
3.7
3.5
4.7
2.5
3.0
3.0
2.2
2.4
1.7
2.9
2.5
2.2
2.8
2.4
1.5
2.4
3.6
1.7
3.3
2.7
2.1
2.8
7.0
6.1
4.5
3.6
4.6
5.5
6.7
10.5
3.7
5.0
7.8
4.6
5.4
5.5
4.8
4.4
6.0
6.2
5.5
10.2
14.4
10.0
9.5
9.1
5.8
7.3
10.0
9.5
6.4
6.9
13.0
8.0
6.3
6.2
4.8
5.6
7.7
9.2
4.1
11.5
14.3
9.4
11.7
11.3
7.0
8.1
11.9
(2)
9.1
9.5
11.9
10.2
6.5
8.5
3.5
(2)
4.5
6.9
5.7
16.2
18.0
14.7
13.3
12.8
8.3
14.5
16.5
12.8
9.1
10.3
12.0
7.3
8.0
7.5
10.1
7.7
8.1
10.7
7,0
5.2
(2
)
(2
)
4.7
12.8
3.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
9.6
Georgia....................................
Hawaii ......................................
Idaho........................................
Illinois.......................................
Indiana.....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas .....................................
Kentucky..................................
Louisiana .................................
M aine......................................
5.7
4.4
7.6
7.4
9.1
5.2
4.0
7.2
5.7
7.2
3.3
3.3
4.0
4.2
3.9
3.0
2.4
3.8
3.3
3.8
1.5
2.3
2.2
2.8
2.8
1.9
1.2
1.5
2.0
2.7
2.3
2.3
3.2
3.2
2.6
1.6
1.8
2.9
.9
4.1
3.2
5.1
3.5
4.5
4.6
4.7
2.5
3.8
3.0
3.2
5.4
4.2
6.2
5.8
5.0
4.1
3.7
5.8
5.9
4.9
7.9
6.8
12.3
12.4
14.0
9.6
6.8
12.0
8.7
9.8
4.1
4.9
9.4
8.3
9.2
8.3
4.0
8.0
6.9
6.7
11.9
6.8
15.8
14.2
17.7
9.6
8.5
14.5
9.6
10.2
5.4
(2)
8.5
13.2
12.1
8.9
7.2
9.6
5.7
11.4
7.8
11.3
17.5
18.4
17.4
13.9
11.5
17.4
13.9
14.2
9.2
4.1
10.3
7.8
10.6
4.8
5.3
7.2
7.5
9.6
4.6
5.4
4.6
3.2
6.0
1.4
1.5
1.2
2.7
(2)
5.6
5.0
11.6
5.2
6.6
6.5
5.5
3.6
5.9
4.1
3.4
3.4
5.4
2.9
3.7
3.2
3.7
2.6
4.0
2.4
2.2
2.9
2.9
2.6
2.1
1.4
3.2
2.3
2.3
1.3
2.8
1.7
3.7
1.3
.8
1.8
1.7
1.1
3.3
1.5
4.0
4.5
7.1
2.4
4.1
4.9
3.8
4.3
4.1
3.0
4.7
4.6
7.7
4.3
7.2
4.9
5.4
3.2
5.7
4.1
8.9
7.5
19.4
10.3
8.6
11.5
8.2
5.3
8.9
6.4
5.4
6.3
12.3
7.0
5.1
7.8
5.3
3.5
7.5
5.7
12.4
7.6
25.4
12.9
11.0
14.2
9.2
6.3
9.7
7.3
4.9
4.7
15.6
10.4
6.2
10.9
6.5
6.8
7.4
(2)
15.3
12.4
22.6
14.5
12.5
15.3
15.6
7.0
13.6
7.2
8.9
5.6
11.4
4.6
10.7
8.1
9.0
5.6
7.1
5.6
(2)
(2)
9.7
2.4
3.5
2.2
2.0
.7
1.3
(2)
6.3
6.7
6.6
5.8
4.6
7.6
4.5
7.8
6.8
6.5
4.0
3.5
4.5
3.4
3.2
3.9
2.8
4.5
3.5
4.9
2.5
2.7
3.4
2.0
1.4
2.0
1.2
2.5
2.1
3.6
2.8
2.0
2.8
2.7
.4
3.1
2.6
4.5
2.8
4.7
6.3
3.7
6.4
4.4
6.2
4.4
4.6
5.8
3.5
4.7
5.1
5.6
5.7
4.7
5.3
5.6
3.5
5.6
5.0
6.2
10.2
11.3
10.2
8.0
8.9
12.2
7.2
11.5
10.8
8.2
• 5.2
7.8
6.6
6.1
6.2
7.2
5.2
8.2
7.8
6.6
13.7
10.4
11.8
8.8
11.1
14.8
9.0
11.6
11.8
9.2
10.0
6.6
10.7
6.2
10.3
11.2
4.6
10.0
9.0
4.7
15.7
22.7
15.4
10.9
12.7
19.5
10.8
18.5
17.5
11.0
7.5
10.0
7.6
7.4
5.0
8.7
6.2
13.1
7.9
7.0
(2)
3.9
3.9
5.3
1.5
3.6
.7
4.4
(2)
(2)
6.3
3.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
6.8
8.3
6.7
8.9
5.7
12.5
8.9
....
....
....
....
....
....
Maryland..................................
Massachusetts........................
Michigan ..................................
Minnesota................................
Mississippi...............................
Missouri ...................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska.................................
Nevada....................................
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey.............................
New M exico............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma................................
Oregon.....................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Rhode Island ..........................
South Carolina........................
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
See footnotes at end of table.
35
(2)
Table 3. Labor fo rce status o f the experienced* civilian labor fo rce by occupation and State, 1980 annual
averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
White-collar workers
Population group and State
Total
Total
Profes
sional
and tech
nical
workers
Managers
and
adminis
trators,
except
farm
Blue-collar workers
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
2.4
3.6
3.6
5.2
4.3
2.5
4.4
6.2
3.7
5.6
4.2
5.3
4.3
5.5
5.4
4.3
6.0
6.3
4.1
3.7
Total
Craft and
kindred
workers
Opera
tives,
except
transport
Transport
equip
ment
opera
tives
Nonfarm
laborers
Service
workers
Farm
workers
6.4
7.2
7.9
7.4
6.0
6.3
8.7
10.4
6.1
5.9
0.7
4.3
3.1
5.4
3.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.5
.8
Unemployment rate—Continued
South Dakota....................................
Tennessee .......................................
Texas ................................................
Utah ..................................................
Vermont............................................
Virginia..............................................
Washington.......................................
West Virginia.....................................
Wisconsin.........................................
Wyoming...........................................
4.4
6.5
4.6
5.7
5.9
4.3
6.9
8.3
6.3
3.8
2.7
3.4
2.9
3.7
3.9
2.9
4.1
4.5
3.4
2.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.5
3.1
2.2
2.6
2.1
2.6
1.8
1.6
2.0
1.3
1.7
2.7
2.0
3.2
3.1
3.0
1.7
1 Excludes persons with no previous full-time work experience.
2 Data are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability
for the particular State, based on the sample in the State. See appendix B.
8.6
9.8
6.2
8.4
9.5
5.9
10.8
11.3
10.5
4.8
7.5
3.8
3.8
6.8
7.4
4.3
9.3
8.5
6.1
3.2
7.8
12.8
8.2
9.7
10.6
7.1
11.5
10.9
12.9
5.7
5.2
6.0
4.5
6.2
10.8
2.9
8.6
11.6
10.4
3.5
14.5
18.5
10.1
12.0
12.0
9.6
15.3
18.1
15.1
10.2
3 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Items may not add to subtotals because of rounding,
36
Table 4. Occupational distribution o f em ploym ent by State, sex, and race, 1980 annual averages
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and State
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
White-collar workers
Total
Mana
Profes
gers and
sional
adminis Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
kindred
except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Farm
workers
Total, 16 years and over
United States.......................................
97,270
100.0
52.2
16.1
11.2
6.3
18.6
31.7
12.9
10.6
3.6
4.6
13.3
2.8
Alabama.................................................
A laska ....................................................
Arizona...................................................
Arkansas ................................................
California................................................
Colorado................................................
Connecticut...........................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
1,498
169
1,051
898
10,443
1,391
1,520
258
294
3,691
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.5
58.4
57.8
42.8
58.1
57.9
58.4
54.2
66.6
52.5
12.0
20.5
18.8
11.6
17.9
19.3
20.2
19.6
26.7
13.9
8.0
13.7
13.4
10.4
13.1
13.0
12.5
9.6
11.4
12.2
6.2
5.3
7.4
5.3
7.0
6.9
7.1
5.9
3.1
7.6
16.3
19.0
18.2
15.6
20.2
18.8
18.6
19.0
25.4
18.9
41.4
27.5
27.6
37.5
27.5
26.9
29.6
29.6
16.1
29.8
16.3
12.7
12.4
13.3
11.5
13.1
13.7
12.5
6.0
13.8
14.4
5.2
6.6
14.2
9.0
6.9
10.6
9.1
2.6
7.0
4.9
3.0
3.0
4.3
3.1
2.6
2.4
3.9
3.8
3.5
5.7
6.7
5.5
5.8
4.0
4.3
2.9
4.1
3.7
5.5
13.2
13.7
13.1
12.4
12.3
12.6
11.7
14.1
17.2
15.2
2.9
.3
1.4
7.3
2.0
2.7
.3
2.1
.1
2.4
Georgia..................................................
Hawaii ....................................................
Id a h o ......................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana...................................................
Iow a.......................................................
Kansas ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
Maine .....................................................
2,231
379
391
4,993
2,368
1,366
1,145
1,489
1,608
461
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.0
54.9
47.8
52.6
43.6
45.6
50.4
44.0
50.2
44.7
14.4
17.1
14.5
16.4
12.1
13.9
14.3
12.6
13.8
15.1
12.1
12.2
10.6
10.8
9.2
9.5
12.0
9.3
11.8
9.3
6.7
6.5
6.3
6.5
5.5
6.1
6.3
5.2
7.3
5.1
17.8
19.0
16.3
18.9
16.8
16.1
17.8
16.9
17.4
15.3
33.8
23.6
31.9
32.4
38.6
30.3
29.0
35.4
33.7
39.6
12.3
11.4
14.3
13.1
15.0
12.3
12.9
13.7
14.7
13.9
12.7
4.8
8.0
11.6
14.7
10.0
9.6
13.1
9.0
16.0
3.5
2.8
4.3
3.6
4.0
3.8
2.9
3.8
4.2
3.4
5.2
4.6
5.3
4.1
5.0
4.2
3.7
4.8
5.8
6.3
12.6
18.0
11.9
13.1
14.6
12.8
13.0
14.0
13.3
13.4
2.7
3.5
8.5
1.8
3.2
11.3
7.6
6.6
2.8
2.3
Maryland................................................
Massachusetts.......................................
Michigan ................................................
Minnesota..............................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Montana.................................................
Nebraska ...............................................
Nevada...................................................
New Hampshire.....................................
1,996
2,731
3,757
1,996
948
2,134
352
745
352
439
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
61.1
55.1
49.6
50.6
44.1
51.1
45.9
45.9
48.7
53.9
20.9
18.7
15.6
15.8
13.8
15.6
14.5
13.3
13.1
18.9
11.7
11.5
9.4
10.7
11.2
11.4
10.5
11.0
12.0
12.4
6.2
5.9
6.0
6.3
4.9
6.3
6.2
5.9
6.6
6.4
22.4
19.0
18.5
17.8
14.2
17.8
14.6
15.8
17.0
16.2
25.5
30.6
34.5
26.3
39.1
30.5
26.8
27.9
22.3
32.3
11.5
11.9
13.2
11.5
13.9
12.1
13.5
11.9
11.7
12.7
6.4
12.0
12.8
7.9
15.0
9.9
4.7
8.4
3.8
12.8
3.3
2.7
3.8
3.4
4.7
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.4
2.6
4.3
3.9
4.6
3.6
5.6
4.7
4.9
4.3
3.4
4.2
12.4
13.9
14.6
16.1
12.3
13.6
14.5
14.5
26.5
12.8
.9
.3
1.3
6.9
4.5
4.8
12.8
11.7
2.5
1.0
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y ork...............................................
North Carolina........................................
North Dakota.........................................
O hio........................................................
Oklahoma..............................................
Oregon...................................................
Pennsylvania.........................................
Rhode Island..........................................
3,323
502
7,389
2,561
293
4,660
1,261
1,167
4,951
429
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
57.8
54.6
57.6
45.8
43.5
50.1
51.5
54.1
50.0
48.7
17.5
19.8
17.8
13.9
13.4
15.5
14.9
16.3
16.0
14.5
12.4
12.1
11.2
10.6
10.0
10.4
12.4
11.8
9.8
10.1
6.6
6.3
6.1
6.0
6.4
6.1
6.3
7.6
6.0
6.3
21.2
16.5
22.6
15.3
13.7
18.1
17.9
18.5
18.2
17.8
29.5
27.6
26.8
39.5
24.0
34.5
31.1
30.5
35.7
38.0
12.4
12.2
10.6
12.6
11.8
13.9
12.4
12.3
13.5
12.7
10.0
7.2
8.9
17.5
4.3
12.3
10.3
8.5
13.3
17.6
3.1
3.5
3.3
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.2
3.3
3.9
4.7
4.0
5.5
3.9
4.6
4.5
5.7
4.8
4.3
12.0
12.9
14.7
11.3
13.9
13.5
12.0
12.2
13.3
13.1
.7
4.9
1.0
3.3
18.6
1.8
5.3
3.1
.9
.2
South Carolina......................................
South D akota.........................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
U tah.......................................................
Vermont .................................................
Virginia...................................................
Washington............................................
West Virginia..........................................
Wisconsin ..............................................
Wyoming................................................
1,216
322
1,870
6,075
570
230
2,401
1,765
696
2,232
223
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.4
44.1
45.4
51.7
55.3
49.3
55.3
54.8
41.2
46.4
46.4
13.2
12.7
13.8
14.9
17.1
17.7
18.5
18.3
11.3
14.1
15.1
10.8
11.0
9.2
12.1
12.7
10.9
11.7
11.0
8.7
9.0
10.9
5.5
5.3
6.0
6.6
6.6
6.0
6.0
7.1
5.0
6.1
5.1
15.9
15.1
16.3
18.2
18.9
14.7
19.0
18.4
16.2
17.2
15.3
39.0
23.9
39.2
33.0
31.3
30.8
30.7
29.9
44.5
33.4
33.7
16.3
10.3
14.7
14.7
13.7
13.3
12.1
14.3
17.9
12.4
17.1
13.7
6.4
15.4
9.5
9.2
10.0
10.3
7.2
14.4
13.2
8.2
3.5
3.2
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.1
3.6
3.4
5.0
3.6
4.0
5.5
4.0
5.1
4.9
4.7
4.4
4.6
5.0
7.2
4.2
4.4
13.8
14.9
12.2
12.0
11.2
14.0
12.3
13.6
12.6
14.6
13.2
1.8
17.1
3.2
3.2
2.2
5.9
1.7
1.7
1.7
5.6
6.7
United States......................................
55,988
100.0
42.4
15.5
14.4
6.0
6.4
44.8
21.0
11.1
5.7
7.0
8.8
4.0
Alabama.................................................
Alaska ....................................................
Arizona...................................................
Arkansas................................................
California................................................
Colorado................................................
Connecticut...........................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
882
96
603
512
5,953
799
858
150
145
2,101
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
31.7
46.7
48.5
32.3
48.5
48.5
51.2
44.5
57.2
42.8
10.5
20.4
19.0
10.0
18.7
20.1
20.8
20.7
27.1
13.8
9.9
16.1
17.4
12.8
16.2
15.6
17.1
12.2
12.7
15.6
6.2
4.8
6.9
4.9
6.6
6.6
6.7
5.3
3.2
7.4
5.1
5.4
5.3
4.5
7.0
6.2
6.5
6.3
14.2
6.0
57.1
42.5
40.4
50.4
39.2
39.5
40.0
43.2
28.3
43.4
26.5
21.1
20.3
21.2
18.9
21.5
22.5
20.5
10.9
22.8
14.0
6.7
7.2
13.3
9.3
7.8
9.2
10.5
3.0
6.6
7.7
4.8
4.8
7.2
5.0
4.1
3.7
6.0
7.3
5.3
8.9
9.9
8.1
8.7
6.1
6.2
4.6
6.1
7.1
8.7
7.2
10.5
8.8
6.4
9.4
8.4
8.4
9.5
14.5
10.5
4.0
.3
2.3
10.9
2.9
3.5
.4
2.9
O
3.3
Georgia..................................................
Hawaii ....................................................
Ida h o ......................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana ...................................................
1,270
199
233
2,885
1,362
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.2
43.8
36.8
42.6
33.0
12.7
16.2
13.4
15.6
11.0
16.5
16.2
13.5
14.1
11.0
6.7
5.3
5.9
6.0
5.3
6.4
6.2
4.0
6.9
5.6
45.7
38.3
45.2
45.8
54.7
20.2
20.4
22.5
21.3
24.7
11.8
4.9
9.0
12.5
16.0
5.7
5.0
6.3
5.8
6.4
8.0
8.0
7.4
6.2
7.6
8.3
13.5
6.0
8.9
7.7
3.8
4.4
11.9
2.6
4.6
Men
See footnotes at end of table.
37
Table 4. O ccupational distrib u tio n o f em ploym ent by State, sex, and race, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and State
Number
(thou
sands)
White-collar workers
Percent
Total
Blue-coilar workers
Mana
Profes
gers and
sional
adminis Sales
and
trators, workers
technical
except
workers
farm
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
kindred except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Farm
workers
Men—Continued
Iow a.......................................................
Kansas ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
Maine .....................................................
808
653
860
950
265
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
35.0
40.2
32.6
38.0
36.0
12.0
13.1
11.4
11.5
13.4
12.3
15.4
11.5
14.6
12.1
5.8
6.2
4.1
6.2
4.7
4.9
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.8
43.2
41.9
49.4
49.9
53.1
19.7
20.7
22.7
23.5
22.3
11.3
11.2
13.8
11.3
15.1
5.8
4.5
5.8
6.4
5.5
6.3
5.5
7.1
8.6
10.3
6.2
7.1
8.2
7.9
8.0
15.6
10.8
9.8
4.2
2.8
Maryland................................................
Massachusetts......................................
Michigan ................................................
Minnesota..............................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Montana.................................................
Nebraska ...............................................
Nevada ...................................................
New Hampshire .....................................
1,121
1,538
2,184
1,120
545
1,218
208
428
209
250
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.9
46.2
38.9
41.7
34.0
41.6
35.2
36.7
38.4
47.4
21.7
18.4
15.1
15.7
10.5
15.0
12.6
12.4
13.0
18.8
15.2
14.6
12.1
14.2
14.4
14.9
12.8
14.6
14.5
16.6
5.7
5.9
5.5
6.0
4.6
6.5
6.2
5.5
6.0
6.6
8.3
7.3
6.2
5.8
4.6
5.2
3.6
4.2
5.0
5.5
38.9
41.9
49.4
39.4
52.5
42.5
40.9
39.2
33.9
42.4
19.4
19.8
21.5
19.1
23.0
19.5
21.9
19.4
18.7
20.6
7.1
11.2
15.4
9.0
13.3
9.6
6.4
7.9
5.0
11.4
5.5
4.5
5.7
5.8
7.5
6.2
5.5
5.4
5.2
4.2
6.9
6.3
6.8
5.6
8.7
7.2
7.2
6.5
5.0
6.2
8.9
11.6
10.1
8.8
6.6
9.0
7.2
7.2
24.4
8.8
1.3
.3
1.6
10.1
6.9
6.9
16.6
16.9
3.4
1.3
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y o rk...............................................
North Carolina.......................................
North Dakota.........................................
O hio.......................................................
Oklahoma ..............................................
Oregon...................................................
Pennsylvania.........................................
Rhode Island.........................................
1,881
302
4,230
1,437
175
2,699
737
685
2,909
240
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.1
45.1
48.4
38.4
33.2
39.5
40.4
43.7
41.0
40.4
17.6
19.6
17.7
12.8
10.9
14.2
14.2
16.1
15.8
14.0
17.2
15.2
14.6
14.5
12.7
13.6
15.6
14.3
12.9
13.3
5.7
5.9
6.1
6.4
6.0
5.7
5.2
6.7
5.4
6.8
7.5
4.4
9.9
4.8
3.6
6.0
5.4
6.7
7.0
6.2
41.3
39.5
37.9
50.0
35.5
50.2
45.3
44.2
49.4
49.9
20.9
18.9
17.4
20.9
18.3
22.7
20.2
19.4
21.9
20.4
9.2
8.8
8.7
14.1
5.1
14.4
12.1
9.9
13.5
17.1
5.0
5.3
5.5
6.3
6.3
6.0
6.2
6.3
6.6
5.5
6.3
6.5
6.3
8.7
5.6
7.0
6.9
8.5
7.4
6.8
9.5
8.1
12.3
6.5
5.3
7.9
6.6
8.0
8.3
9.5
1.0
7.3
1.4
5.1
26.0
2.5
7.7
4.1
1.2
.2
South Carolina......................................
South D akota........................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
U tah.......................................................
Vermont .................................................
Virginia...................................................
Washington............................................
West Virginia.........................................
Wisconsin ..............................................
Wyoming................................................
690
185
1,080
3,604
339
133
1,353
1,028
435
1,268
136
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.1
33.5
36.9
40.4
46.0
40.0
45.2
45.3
28.5
37.5
33.9
11.5
10.0
12.5
14.1
17.5
16.5
17.3
18.3
9.4
13.9
14.5
14.7
14.7
12.5
14.5
16.5
13.8
15.0
14.0
10.0
12.1
12.5
6.0
4.2
6.4
6.2
6.0
5.2
6.1
6.7
3.9
5.7
3.5
4.9
4.6
5.6
5.6
6.1
4.5
6.7
6.3
5.2
5.8
3.4
52.1
35.3
51.8
47.9
43.6
43.7
44.0
43.8
63.7
47.3
49.6
26.6
17.0
23.8
23.1
21.3
21.2
20.2
22.4
27.9
20.3
26.9
11.2
7.0
13.4
11.0
9.7
10.8
10.9
8.8
18.0
15.2
10.9
5.9
5.2
6.7
6.3
6.0
4.9
5.7
5.3
7.3
5.9
5.7
8.5
6.0
7.9
7.5
6.7
6.8
7.2
7.4
10.5
5.9
6.0
8.0
6.8
6.4
7.1
6.9
8.2
8.3
8.5
5.7
8.1
7.1
2.8
24.5
4.9
4.7
3.5
8.1
2.5
2.4
2.2
7.1
9.5
Women
United States......................................
41,283
100.0
65.6
16.8
6.9
6.8
35.1
13.8
1.8
10.0
.7
1.2
19.5
1.2
Alabama.................................................
Alaska ....................................................
Arizona...................................................
Arkansas................................................
California................................................
Colorado ................................................
Connecticut ...........................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
616
73
448
385
4,490
592
662
108
149
1,589
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
58.0
73.9
70.3
56.9
71.0
70.6
67.8
67.7
75.8
65.3
14.3
20.5
18.6
13.7
16.8
18.1
19.3
18.2
26.3
14.0
5.3
10.5
8.1
7.2
8.9
9.4
6.5
6.1
10.2
7.6
6.1
6.0
8.1
5.9
7.5
7.3
7.6
6.8
3.0
7.8
32.3
36.9
35.5
30.2
37.7
35.7
34.4
36.6
36.4
35.9
19.0
7.8
10.3
20.4
12.0
9.8
16.1
10.8
4.1
11.9
1.8
1.6
1.9
2.8
1.8
1.8
2.3
1.4
1.2
1.8
15.0
3.2
5.9
15.3
8.6
5.6
12.5
7.1
2.1
7.5
1.0
.6
.6
.4
.5
.7
.6
.9
.4
1.2
1.1
2.3
1.9
1.9
1.1
1.7
.8
1.4
• .4
1.4
21.8
18.0
19.0
20.2
16.2
18.2
16.0
20.4
19.9
21.5
1.3
.3
.4
2.4
.9
1.5
.1
1.1
.1
1.3
Georgia ..................................................
Hawaii ....................................................
Ida h o ......................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana ...................................................
Iow a.......................................................
Kansas ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
Maine .....................................................
961
180
157
2,108
1,006
559
493
629
657
196
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
62.6
67.1
64.0
66.3
58.0
60.8
63.9
59.6
67.8
56.4
16.7
18.2
16.2
17.5
13.7
16.7
15.9
14.2
17.2
17.4
6.2
7.9
6.2
6.4
6.7
5.5
7.5
6.4
7.7
5.4
6.7
7.9
7.0
7.1
5.7
6.4
6.5
6.7
8.9
5.6
33.0
33.1
34.6
35.3
31.8
32.2
34.0
32.3
34.0
28.0
18.0
7.5
12.1
14.0
16.9
11.7
11.9
16.2
10.3
21.3
1.8
1.5
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.6
2.6
1.4
1.9
2.6
13.9
4.7
6.4
10.4
12.9
8.1
7.4
12.3
5.7
17.3
.6
.4
1.3
.6
.8
.9
.7
1.0
1.0
.5
1.6
.9
2.2
1.2
1.5
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
.9
18.2
23.0
20.6
18.9
23.9
22.3
20.9
21.9
21.1
20.6
1.2
2.4
3.3
.7
1.2
5.2
3.3
2.3
.8
1.7
Maryland................................................
Massachusetts......................................
Michigan ................................................
Minnesota..............................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Montana.................................................
Nebraska ...............................................
Nevada...................................................
New Hampshire.....................................
875
1,193
1,573
876
402
916
144
317
143
189
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
74.2
66.7
64.4
62.0
57.7
63.8
61.2
58.4
63.9
62.4
19.8
19.1
16.3
16.0
18.2
16.4
17.3
14.4
13.3
19.1
7.3
7.6
5.7
6.1
6.7
6.8
7.2
6.2
8.5
6.8
6.7
5.9
6.7
6.7
5.4
6.1
6.3
6.4
7.4
6.3
40.4
34.0
35.7
33.2
27.3
34.5
30.5
31.4
34.6
30.3
8.3
16.2
13.8
9.6
21.1
14.5
6.4
12.7
5.4
18.9
1.3
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
2.2
1.5
1.8
1.5
2.1
5.4
13.1
9.3
6.6
17.3
10.2
2.3
9.1
2.1
14.7
.6
.4
1.2
.3
.8
.6
1.0
.5
.8
.6
1.0
.8
1.5
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.3
1.1
1.4
17.0
16.9
20.9
25.5
20.0
19.7
25.0
24.2
29.5
18.0
.5
.3
.8
2.9
1.2
1.9
7.4
4.6
1.1
.7
See footnotes at end of table.
38
Table 4. Occupational distribution o f em ploym ent by State, sex, and race, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Number
(thou
sands)
Population group and State
White-collar workers
Mana
Profes
gers and
sional
adminis
Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
tives,
and
kindred except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Farm
workers
Percent
Total
1,442
200
3,158
1,124
118
1,960
524
482
2,042
189
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
70.3
69.1
69.9
55.3
58.8
64.8
67.1
68.9
62.8
59.3
17.4
20.0
17.8
15.3
17.0
17.2
15.9
16.7
16.2
15.2
6.1
7.4
6.5
5.6
5.9
6.1
7.9
8.2
5.5
6.0
7.8
6.8
6.0
5.6
7.1
6.7
7.8
8.8
6.8
5.6
39.1
34.9
39.5
28.8
28.7
34.8
35.5
35.3
34.3
32.4
14.1
9.6
11.9
26.1
7.0
13.0
11.1
11.2
16.2
23.0
1.4
2.1
1.6
2.0
2.2
1.7
1.5
2.2
1.5
3.0
11.1
4.8
9.1
21.9
3.1
9.3
7.7
6.5
13.0
18.3
0.7
.8
.5
.7
.4
.8
.6
1.0
.6
.5
0.9
1.9
.7
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.1
1.2
15.3
20.1
17.8
17.5
26.5
21.3
19.7
18.3
20.5
17.6
0.3
1.2
.5
1.1
7.7
.9
2.0
1.6
.5
.1
527
136
790
2,471
231
97
1,049
737
262
964
87
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
56.1
58.4
56.9
68.3
68.8
62.0
68.2
68.0
62.4
58.1
66.0
15.3
16.5
15.4
15.9
16.4
19.3
20.1
18.2
14.4
14.5
16.2
5.6
6.1
4.8
8.6
7.3
6.8
7.3
6.9
6.6
4.8
8.4
4.8
6.6
5.6
7.2
7.5
7.2
5.9
7.6
6.8
6.6
7.6
30.4
29.3
31.0
36.5
37.6
28.7
35.0
35.4
34.6
32.2
33.9
22.0
8.5
22.0
11.4
13.2
13.1
13.6
10.6
12.6
15.2
8.8
2.7
1.3
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.4
1.7
3.0
1.4
2.0
1.8
17.1
5.5
18.1
7.3
8.5
8.9
9.6
5.0
8.5
10.7
3.9
.4
.4
.5
.5
.4
.6
1.0
.9
1.1
.6
1.2
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.9
21.4
25.9
20.3
19.3
17.6
22.0
17.5
20.8
24.1
23.2
22.9
.5
7.1
.9
1.0
.3
2.9
.6
.6
.9
3.5
2.3
United States..............................
86,380
100.0
53.9
16.5
12.0
6.8
18.6
31.1
13.3
10.1
3.4
4.3
12.1
2.9
Alabama........................................
Alaska ...........................................
Arizona..........................................
Arkansas .......................................
California........................................
Colorado........................................
Connecticut...................................
Delaware.......................................
District of Columbia.......................
Florida...........................................
1,155
147
1,013
793
9,162
1,339
1,427
224
107
3,085
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.8
59.8
58.2
45.1
58.6
58.1
59.3
57.2
89.0
57.0
13.4
21.1
18.7
11.9
18.1
19.3
20.3
20.4
46.6
14.8
9.6
14.3
13.6
11.5
13.8
13.1
13.0
10.4
20.7
13.9
7.5
5.4
7.6
5.8
7.4
7.0
7.4
6.7
4.9
8.5
18.3
19.0
18.3
16.0
19.4
18.7
18.6
19.7
16.8
19.8
38.4
27.7
27.5
36.5
27.5
26.8
29.3
28.5
4.7
28.8
17.8
13.4
12.6
13.6
11.8
13.2
13.8
13.1
2.9
14.5
11.9
5.2
6.5
13.1
8.7
6.6
10.2
8.1
.8
6.5
4.4
3.1
3.0
4.4
3.1
2.7
2.3
3.4
.5
3.2
4.4
6.0
5.4
5.3
3.9
4.3
3.0
3.8
.5
4.6
9.6
12.2
12.8
11.1
11.6
12.3
11.1
12.2
6.2
12.8
3.1
.3
1.4
7.3
2.2
2.8
.3
2.2
.2
1.4
1,829
113
385
4,402
2,200
1,351
1,088
1,399
1,226
458
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
56.2
67.3
47.8
53.4
44.1
45.6
51.5
45.1
55.7
44.9
15.8
25.0
14.5
16.1
12.0
14.0
14.5
12.7
14.6
15.1
13.7
19.4
10.7
11.6
9.7
9.5
12.4
9.8
13.9
9.3
7.8
8.0
6.4
7.0
5.7
6.1
6.5
5.5
8.7
5.2
18.9
15.0
16.3
18.8
16.8
16.0
18.1
17.1
18.4
15.3
31.3
17.2
32.0
32.2
38.5
30.2
28.4
34.8
32.2
39.4
13.1
10.6
14.5
13.6
15.2
12.4
13.1
14.0
15.8
14.0
11.0
2.0
8.0
11.0
14.4
10.0
9.0
12.4
8.7
15.8
2.9
2.1
4.3
3.6
4.1
3.8
2.8
3.9
3.3
3.4
4.4
2.5
5.3
4.1
4.8
4.1
3.5
4.6
4.5
6.3
9.7
13.0
11.8
12.3
14.0
12.7
12.1
13.2
9.5
13.4
2.7
2.4
8.4
2.1
3.4
11.4
8.0
6.8
2.6
2.3
1,563
2,630
3,369
1,956
693
1,952
340
723
324
436
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
64.2
55.5
50.3
50.7
50.8
52.1
46.1
46.0
50.1
53.8
22.4
18.8
15.8
15.8
15.3
15.7
14.6
13.3
13.3
18.9
13.1
11.7
10.0
10.8
13.6
12.0
10.6
11.1
12.6
12.3
7.3
6.0
6.4
6.4
6.1
6.6
6.3
6.0
6.9
6.5
21.4
19.0
18.1
17.7
15.9
17.7
14.6
15.7
17.4
16.1
24.5
30.8
34.2
26.3
36.5
30.7
26.8
28.0
22.8
32.4
12.0
12.0
13.6
11.4
15.8
12.4
13.6
12.1
12.1
12.7
5.7
12.1
12.5
7.9
13.5
9.7
4.7
8.3
3.8
12.8
2.8
2.7
3.7
3.4
3.4
3.8
3.7
3.3
3.5
2.6
4.0
4.0
4.5
3.6
3.8
4.7
4.8
4.2
3.4
4.2
10.2
13.4
14.0
16.0
8.5
12.1
14.1
14.0
24.3
12.7
1.1
.3
1.4
7.0
4.3
5.1
13.0
12.0
2.7
1.0
2,966
466
6,373
2,066
288
4,291
1,161
1,124
4,561
413
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
59.8
56.5
59.1
51.1
43.8
51.1
52.6
54.5
50.7
49.1
17.8
20.4
18.4
15.1
13.4
15.7
15.1
16.2
16.3
14.6
13.3
12.7
12.0
12.4
10.1
10.9
13.0
12.1
10.2
10.1
7.2
6.5
6.5
7.0
6.5
6.4
6.6
7.8
6.0
6.5
21.5
16.9
22.1
16.6
13.8
18.1
17.9
18.5
18.1
17.9
28.6
27.1
26.8
36.7
23.7
34.2
30.4
30.3
35.8
38.0
12.9
12.3
11.1
13.2
11.8
14.3
12.6
12.3
13.9
13.0
9.1
6.6
8.4
15.4
4.2
11.8
9.9
8.3
13.2
17.2
2.9
3.5
3.2
3.5
4.0
3.7
3.8
4.1
4.2
3.4
3.7
4.7
4.0
4.6
3.8
4.5
4.1
5.6
4.5
4.4
10.9
12.2
13.0
9.3
13.6
12.7
11.4
12.0
12.6
12.7
.7
4.2
1.1
2.9
18.9
1.9
5.7
3.1
1.0
.2
895
312
1,617
5,431
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.4
44.3
48.2
54.0
15.6
12.7
14.2
15.5
13.2
11.1
10.4
13.0
6.7
5.4
6.6
7.1
17.9
15.1
17.0
18.4
36.2
24.0
38.8
32.4
18.2
10.5
15.6
15.3
11.5
6.4
14.9
9.2
2.8
3.2
4.0
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.5
9.0
14.5
9.8
10.2
1.5
17.2
3.2
3.5
Women—Continued
New Jersey ...................................
New Mexico ...............................
New Y ork.......................................
North Carolina...............................
North Dakota.................................
O hio...............................................
Oklahoma......................................
Oregon..........................................
Pennsylvania .................................
Rhode Island.................................
South Carolina..............................
South D akota................................
Tennessee .....................................
Texas ............................................
U tah...............................................
Verm ont........................................
Virginia..........................................
Washington....................................
West Virginia.................................
Wisconsin ......................................
Wyoming.......................................
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
....
.......
.......
.......
White (both sexes)
Georgia .........................................
Hawaii ...........................................
Idaho .............................................
Illinois............................................
Indiana ..........................................
Iow a...............................................
Kansas ..........................................
Kentucky.......................................
Louisiana.......................................
Maine ............................................
Maryland.......................................
Massachusetts..............................
Michigan .......................................
Minnesota......................................
Mississippi .....................................
Missouri.........................................
Montana........................................
Nebraska .......................................
Nevada ..........................................
New Hampshire............................
New Jersey ...................................
New Mexico ..................................
New Y ork......................................
North Carolina...............................
North Dakota.................................
O hio...............................................
Oklahoma......................................
Oregon..........................................
Pennsylvania.................................
Rhode Island.................................
South Carolina..............................
South D akota................................
Tennessee .....................................
Texas ............................................
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
....
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
See footnotes at end of table.
39
Table 4. Occupational distribution o f em ploym ent by State, sex, and race, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total employment)
White-collar workers
Total employment
Number
(thou
sands)
Population group and State
Blue-collar workers
Mana
Profes gers and
sional
adminis
Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
tives,
and
kindred
except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Farm
workers
Percent
Total
557
229
2,002
1,666
681
2,152
219
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
55.6
49.3
59.6
55.5
41.6
47.0
46.8
17.2
17.7
20.3
18.2
11.3
14.3
15.2
12.8
10.9
13.1
11.4
8.9
9.2
11.1
6.7
6.0
6.6
7.3
5.1
6.2
5.2
18.8
14.7
19.6
18.6
16.3
17.3
15.3
31.1
30.7
28.7
29.9
44.6
33.1
33.7
13.8
13.3
12.7
14.5
18.0
12.4
17.1
8.9
10.0
8.9
7.1
14.4
12.9
8.2
3.8
3.1
3.2
3.4
4.9
3.7
3.9
4.7
4.4
3.9
5.0
7.2
4.1
4.5
11.1
14.1
10.0
12.9
12.1
14.2
13.0
2.2
5.9
1.7
1.7
1.7
5.7
6.5
50,337
100.0
44.0
16.1
15.3
6.4
6.2
44.0
21.5
10.7
5.4
6.5
8.0
4.1
693
85
581
457
5,298
772
812
133
55
1,783
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.5
48.1
48.9
34.2
48.9
48.6
52.2
46.6
87.3
47.2
11.9
21.2
18.9
10.6
18.8
20.2
21.2
21.2
50.7
14.7
11.7
16.7
17.7
14.0
16.8
15.7
17.7
13.0
22.8
17.7
7.4
5.0
7.1
5.3
6.8
6.6
6.8
5.9
3.7
8.4
5.5
5.2
5.2
4.2
6.4
6.0
6.4
6.5
10.2
6.4
53.7
42.1
40.4
48.8
39.2
39.6
39.3
41.9
6.9
41.6
28.3
21.8
20.6
21.5
19.1
21.6
22.4
21.2
4.5
23.8
12.2
6.8
7.1
12.2
9.2
7.8
8.7
9.9
.7
6.3
6.6
4.9
4.7
7.3
5.0
4.2
3.6
5.1
1.0
4.6
6.6
8.7
7.9
7.8
5.9
6.1
4.6
5.8
.7
6.9
5.5
9.5
8.4
6.4
8.9
8.2
8.1
8.5
5.8
9.4
4.3
.3
2.2
10.6
3.1
3.7
.4
3.0
O
1.9
Georgia...........................................
Hawaii ..............................................
Ida h o ...............................................
Illinois..............................................
Indiana............................................
Iow a.................................................
Kansas ............................................
Kentucky.........................................
Louisiana.........................................
Maine ..............................................
1,062
61
231
2,589
1,274
800
625
811
750
263
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.9
61.5
37.1
43.5
33.9
35.1
41.1
33.6
43.4
36.1
14.1
26.5
13.4
15.8
11.3
12.0
13.3
11.7
12.8
13.4
18.6
25.7
13.7
14.9
11.6
12.3
15.9
12.0
17.2
12.1
7.7
6.2
6.0
6.4
5.5
5.8
6.4
4.2
7.6
4.7
6.5
3.1
4.0
6.5
5.6
4.9
5.5
5.6
5.9
5.8
42.7
28.2
45.4
45.5
54.1
43.1
41.4
48.7
46.4
53.0
21.2
18.7
22.7
21.8
24.9
19.8
20.9
2CM
24.5
22.4
10.5
2.2
9.0
11.8
15.5
11.3
10.8
13.0
10.9
14.8
4.4
3.5
6.2
5.7
6.4
5.8
4.4
5.9
4.7
5.5
6.5
3.8
7.4
6.2
7.3
6.2
5.2
6.8
6.2
10.3
6.7
7.1
5.8
8.1
7.0
6.2
6.3
7.6
6.5
8.1
3.8
3.1
11.8
2.9
4.9
15.7
11.3
10.1
3.7
2.8
Maryland.........................................
Massachusetts................................
Michigan .........................................
Minnesota.......................................
Mississippi .......................................
Missouri...........................................
Montana..........................................
Nebraska........................................
Nevada ............................................
New Hampshire ..............................
902
1,479
1,980
1,100
404
1,127
202
419
194
249
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
54.3
46.7
40.3
41.8
40.1
42.6
35.5
36.8
39.4
47.4
23.5
18.6
15.6
15.7
12.3
15.2
12.6
12.5
13.1
18.7
16.9
14.7
12.8
14.3
17.6
15.5
13.0
14.6
15.1
16.6
6.7
6.1
5.9
6.0
5.6
6.7
6.3
5.6
6.1
6.6
7.2
7.3
6.0
5.7
4.6
5.0
3.6
4.1
5.0
5.6
36.7
42.0
48.4
39.3
48.5
42.4
40.9
39.1
34.6
42.6
19.9
20.0
21.8
19.0
25.7
19.9
21.9
19.4
19.2
20.7
6.3
11.2
14.5
8.9
11.8
9.3
6.3
7.8
5.1
11.4
4.5
4.4
5.5
5.8
5.3
6.2
5.6
5.5
5.3
4.2
6.0
6.5
6.6
5.6
5.7
7.0
7.1
6.4
5.0
6.3
7.5
10.9
9.6
8.7
5.1
7.7
6.9
6.9
22.4
8.7
1.5
.4
1.8
10.3
6.3
7.4
16.7
17.2
3.7
1.3
New Jersey ....................................
New Mexico ....................................
New Y o rk........................................
North Carolina.................................
North Dakota...................................
O hio.................................................
Oklahoma........................................
Oregon............................................
Pennsylvania...................................
Rhode Island...................................
1,700
281
3,724
1,180
172
2,511
684
658
2,700
232
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.9
47.2
49.6
43.3
33.4
40.5
41.4
44.0
41.7
40.7
17.9
20.5
18.4
14.2
10.9
14.4
14.3
15.8
16.3
14.1
18.4
16.1
15.6
16.9
12.9
14.1
16.4
14.6
13.3
13.3
6.2
6.1
6.6
7.4
6.1
6.0
5.5
6.9
5.3
7.1
7.4
4.5
9.1
4.8
3.6
6.1
5.2
6.6
6.9
6.3
40.3
39.0
37.6
46.7
35.0
49.5
44.3
44.1
49.3
50.0
21.4
19.0
17.9
21.7
18.2
23.2
20.4
19.5
22.4
20.7
8.6
8.2
8.4
12.5
5.1
13.9
11.7
9.8
13.4
16.8
4.5
5.4
5.1
5.5
6.4
5.7
6.0
6.3
6.6
5.5
5.7
6.4
6.3
7.0
5.4
6.7
6.2
8.5
6.9
6.9
8.8
7.6
11.2
5.4
5.2
7.3
6.3
7.7
7.6
9.0
1.0
6.2
1.5
4.5
26.3
2.6
8.1
4.1
1.3
.2
South Carolina................................
South D akota..................................
Tennessee .......................................
Texas ..............................................
U tah.................................................
Verm ont..........................................
Virginia............................................
Washington......................................
West Virginia...................................
Wisconsin........................................
Wyoming.........................................
522
180
955
3,266
332
132
1,146
971
426
1,223
134
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.9
33.9
39.3
42.4
46.1
39.9
49.1
45.7
28.7
38.0
34.3
13.8
10.1
12.9
15.0
17.5
16.5
19.1
18.2
9.4
14.0
14.6
17.7
14.8
13.8
15.4
16.6
13.9
16.7
14.4
10.2
12.4
12.7
7.4
4.3
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.1
6.9
6.9
4.0
5.9
3.6
5.0
4.7
5.5
5.5
6.0
4.5
6.4
6.2
5.2
5.7
3.3
47.8
35.4
51.0
46.5
43.6
43.7
41.3
44.0
63.7
46.9
49.6
28.6
17.2
25.1
23.8
21.4
21.2
21.0
22.7
28.0
20.3
26.9
9.6
7.1
12.9
10.6
9.5
10.8
9.6
8.8
17.9
14.9
11.0
4.5
5.2
6.5
5.3
6.0
5.0
4.8
5.2
7.2
6.0
5.7
5.1
5.9
6.5
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.0
7.4
10.6
5.8
6.1
6.0
6.3
5.1
6.1
6.8
8.2
7.1
7.8
5.4
7.8
6.9
2.3
24.4
4.6
5.0
3.5
8.1
2.5
2.5
2.2
7.3
9.1
36,043
100.0
67.7
17.0
7.4
7.3
36.0
13.2
1.9
9.4
.7
1.2
17.8
1.3
White (both sexes)—Continued
U tah..................................................
Verm ont...........................................
Virginia.............................................
Washington......................................
West Virginia....................................
Wisconsin ........................................
Wyoming..........................................
White men
United States.................................
Alabama...........................................
A laska..............................................
Arizona.............................................
Arkansas ..........................................
California..........................................
Colorado..........................................
Connecticut......................................
Delaware..........................................
District of Columbia.........................
Florida..............................................
..
..
..
..
..
..
...
...
White women
United States................................
See footnotes at end of table.
40
Table 4. O ccupational distribution of em ploym ent by State, sex, and race, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and State
Number
(thou
sands)
White-collar workers
Percent
Total
Mana
Profes gers and
sional
adminis Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
kindred
except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Farm
workers
White women—Continued
Alabama .................................................
A laska ....................................................
Arizona...................................................
Arkansas................................................
California................................................
Colorado................................................
Connecticut ...........................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
461
61
432
336
3,864
567
615
91
53
1,302
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.2
76.0
70.6
60.0
72.0
71.1
68.8
72.5
90.7
70.4
15.6
21.0
18.3
13.7
17.0
18.1
19.2
19.2
42.4
14.8
6.5
10.9
8.2
7.9
9.5
9.5
6.7
6.7
18.6
8.6
7.6
6.0
8.2
6.3
8.1
7.6
8.1
7.9
6.2
8.7
37.5
38.1
35.8
32.0
37.3
35.9
34.8
38.7
23.6
38.3
15.5
7.6
10.3
19.6
11.6
9.4
16.1
8.9
2.3
11.2
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.9
1.8
1.9
2.4
1.5
1.3
1.8
11.5
3.0
5.8
14.4
8.1
5.0
12.2
5.5
.8
6.8
Georgia..................................................
Hawaii ....................................................
Ida h o ......................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana...................................................
Iow a........................................................
Kansas ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
Maine .....................................................
767
52
155
1,813
926
551
463
589
476
195
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
69.2
74.1
63.8
67.7
58.0
61.0
65.5
60.9
74.9
56.7
18.2
23.3
16.1
16.5
13.0
17.0
16.2
14.1
17.4
17.5
6.8
12.1
6.2
6.8
7.0
5.5
7.7
6.7
8.7
5.4
8.1
10.0
6.9
8.0
5.9
6.5
6.7
7.2
10.5
5.7
36.2
28.7
34.6
36.4
32.1
32.0
35.0
33.0
38.3
28.1
15.6
4.5
12.2
13.3
17.1
11.6
11.0
15.7
10.0
21.1
1.8
1.3
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.6
2.5
1.4
2.1
2.6
11.6
1.6
6.6
9.8
12.9
8.1
6.5
11.7
5.1
17.2
Maryland................................................
Massachusetts......................... ,...........
Michigan ................................................
Minnesota..............................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Montana.................................................
Nebraska ...............................................
Nevada...................................................
New Hampshire.....................................
661
1,151
1,389
856
288
825
139
304
130
188
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
77.6
66.8
64.6
62.2
65.7
65.0
61.5
58.7
66.2
62.4
20.9
19.0
16.1
15.9
19.4
16.3
17.6
14.4
13.5
19.2
7.9
7.7
6.1
6.1
7.9
7.3
7.1
6.1
8.9
6.7
8.1
6.0
7.1
6.9
6.8
6.5
6.3
6.5
8.0
6.3
40.7
34.1
35.4
33.2
31.6
35.0
30.4
31.6
35.8
30.2
7.8
16.3
14.1
9.6
19.7
14.7
6.3
12.6
5.3
18.8
1.3
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.2
1.5
1.9
1.6
2.2 .
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y o rk........................................ ......
North Carolina................ .......................
North Dakota.........................................
O h io .......................................................
Oklahoma..............................................
Oregon...................................................
Pennsylvania.........................................
Rhode Island.........................................
1,266
185
2,649
886
116
1,780
477
466
1,861
181
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
73.0
70.6
72.4
61.4
59.3
66.1
68.6
69.4
63.6
59.8
17.6
20.1
18.5
16.4
17.1
17.6
16.2
16.8
16.5
15.2
6.5
7.6
7.0
6.3
6.0
6.4
8.2
8.4
5.8
6.0
8.5
7.1
6.5
6.5
7.2
7.1
8.2
9.0
7.0
5.9
40.4
35.7
40.4
32.2
29.1
35.1
36.0
35.2
34.4
32.7
13.0
9.0
11.6
23.3
6.8
12.6
10.5
10.9
16.1
22.5
South Carolina......................... .............
South D akota........................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
U tah.......................................................
V erm ont.................................................
Virginia...................................................
Washington............................................
West Virginia.........................................
Wisconsin ..............................................
Wyoming................................................
372
132
662
2,165
225
96
856
695
255
929
86
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
66.8
58.5
61.2
71.5
69.4
62.1
73.5
69.1
63.0
58.7
66.3
18.0
16.3
16.1
16.2
16.8
19.3
21.8
18.2
14.5
14.7
16.1
7.0
6.0
5.4
9.5
7.3
6.9
8.2
7.1
6.7
4.9
8.5
5.8
6.9
6.0
7.8
7.6
7.2
6.3
7.8
6.9
6.7
7.7
36.0
29.4
33.6
37.9
37.8
28.8
37.2
36.0
34.9
32.4
34.0
19.8
8.4
21.2
11.1
12.7
12.9
11.8
10.2
12.7
14.9
8.8
1.0
.6
.6
.5
.5
.7
.5
.9
1.3
1.0
2.2
2.0
1.9
1.1
1.8
.9
1.0
.2
1.3
15.8
16.0
18.8
17.6
15.5
17.9
15.0
17.5
6.6
17.5
1.4
.3
.4
2.8
1.0
1.6
.2
1.1
.3
.9
.7
.5
1.4
.6
.9
.8
.7
1.1
1.0
.5
1.5
1.0
2.1
1.1
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.7
.9
14.0
19.9
20.6
18.2
23.7
22.2
20.0
21.0
14.4
20.5
1.2
1.6
3.4
.8
1.3
5.3
3.5
2.4
.8
1.7
5.0
13.2
9.5
6.5
15.8
10.3
2.4
9.0
1.8
14.7
.5
.4
1.2
.3
.7
.6
.9
.4
.9
.6
1.1
.8
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.0
1.4
13.9
16.6
20.4
25.3
13.3
18.2
24.5
23.9
27.2
18.1
.6
.3
.9
2.9
1.4
2.1
7.7
4.8
1.2
.7
1.5
2.1
1.7
2.0
2.2
1.7
1.5
2.1
1.5
3.0
9.8
4.2
8.5
19.2
2.9
8.9
7.2
6.2
12.9
17.7
.8
.7
.6
.8
.4
.8
.7
1.0
.6
.6
.9
2.0
.8
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.5
1.0
1.2
13.7
19.2
15.6
14.6
26.1
20.3
18.7
18.1
19.7
17.5
.3
1.1
.5
.7
7.9
1.0
2.2
1.7
.5
.1
3.6
1.3
2.0
2.5
2.6
2.3
1.7
3.0
1.4
2.0
1.7
14.3
5.3
17.7
7.1
8.0
8.8
8.0
4.7
8.7
10.3
3.9
.2
.4
.5
.4
.4
.6
1.0
.9
1.0
.6
1.3
1.7
1.4
1.0
1.0
1.7
1.2
1.1
1.7
1.6
1.9
1.9
13.0
25.8
16.6
16.2
17.5
22.1
14.0
20.0
23.4
22.8
22.6
.4
7.2
1.0
1.2
.3
2.9
.7
.6
.9
3.6
2.3
O
Black and other (both
sexes)
United States......................•................
10,890
100.0
39.2
12.7
5.2
2.9
18.4
35.9
9.6
14.5
4.9
6.9
23.1
1.8
Alabama.................................................
A laska....................................................
Arizona.......................................... ........
Arkansas ................................................
California................................................
C olorado................................................
Connecticut ...........................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
343
23
38
105
1,280
52
93
34
187
605
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.4
49.7
48.3
25.6
54.7
53.0
44.0
34.6
53.8
29.8
7.5
16.2
23.8
8.9
16.6
18.6
17.4
14.8
15.2
9.4
2.7
9.9
6.9
2.5
8.3
9.8
5.2
4.2
6.0
3.3
1.8
4.5
2.5
2.1
4.4
3.8
2.9
.7
2.1
2.9
9.5
19.1
15.1
12.0
25.5
20.8
18.5
14.9
30.4
14.1
51.5
26.5
28.9
45.6
27.0
28.0
34.0
37.0
22.6
35.2
11.5
8.0
6.8
10.9
9.2
10.5
12.5
8.1
7.7
10.0
22.9
5.4
9.4
21.8
10.7
13.2
16.3
15.8
3.6
9.5
6.8
1.9
4.3
3.4
2.6
.3
3.4
7.1
5.7
5.3
10.2
11.2
8.4
9.6
4.5
3.9
1.8
6.0
5.6
10.4
25.2
23.5
21.2
21.7
17.2
19.1
22.0
26.7
23.6
27.6
1.9
.4
1.6
7.1
1.0
Georgia..................................................
Hawaii ....................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana...................................................
402
266
591
168
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
27.2
49.6
46.7
37.6
8.0
13.8
19.1
13.8
5.0
9.2
5.3
3.3
1.5
5.9
2.5
3.7
12.7
20.7
19.9
16.7
44.9
26.4
33.9
40.1
8.9
11.7
9.3
12.2
20.6
6.0
16.6
18.1
6.4
3.1
4.0
3.0
9.0
5.5
4.0
6.8
25.4
20.1
19.4
22.1
See footnotes at end of table.
41
O
O
1.7
0
7.4
2.5
3.9
(1
)
.3
Table 4. O ccupational distrib u tio n o f em ploym ent by State, sex, and race, 1980 annual averages—'Continued
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and State
Number
(thou
sands)
White-collar workers
Percent
Total
'Mana
Profes
gers and
sional
adminis
Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
tives,
and
except
kindred
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Farm
workers
Black and other (both
sexes)—Continued
Kansas ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
58
90
382
100.0
100.0
100.0
29.4
26.7
32.7
10.8
11.0
11.3
4.4
2.5
5.0
2.4‘
.7
2.5
11.7
12.4
13.9
39.7
44.1
38.4
9.3
9.4
11.2
20.3
24.0
10.2
3.9
3.1
7.1
6.2
7.6
9.9
30.6
26.1
25.4
Maryland................................................
Massachusetts......................................
Michigan ................................................
Minnesota..............................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Montana.................................................
Nebraska ...............................................
Nevada...................................................
433
101
389
39
255
182
12
22
28
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.2
45.3
42.9
46.9
25.9
41.3
40.1
43.3
32.5
15.3
16.8
14.3
17.1
9.7
14.7
11.4
11.8
11.4
6.8
8.0
4.0
5.7
4.6
4.7
7.2
10.1
5.4
2.1
2.3
2.5
1.7
1.8
2.9
4.1
2.9
3.1
26.0
18.2
22.0
22.4
9.8
19.0
17.3
18.6
12.7
28.9
27.3
37.0
27.2
46.3
28.7
25.8
26.1
16.5
9.4
9.8
10.6
12.3
8.8
8.5
11.2
8.1
6.8
8.7
11.2
16.2
11.1
19.1
11.2
4.1
10.5
4.2
5.2
4.1
4.8
1.6
8.1
3.6
2.9
2.0
2.3
5.6
2.2
5.4
2.2
10.4
5.4
7.7
5.4
3.2
20.6
27.4
19.9
25.3
22.7
29.4
28.0
28.8
50.9
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y ork...............................................
North Carolina.......................................
O hio.......................................................
Oklahoma..............................................
Oregon...................................................
Pennsylvania.........................................
Rhode Island.........................................
358
36
1,015
496
368
100
43
390
16
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.1
30.4
48.0
23.9
38.5
39.2
44.6
42.3
38.6
15.2
11.8
13.5
8.7
12.3
13.1
19.6
12.0
13.0
4.7
3.8
6.0
3.2
5.1
5.9
4.5
5.4
10.4
2.2
3.6
3.1
2.0
2.7
2.7
2.0
5.2
.2
19.0
11.3
25.5
10.0
18.4
17.6
18.4
19.6
15.0
36.8
34.7
26.8
51.4
38.4
39.2
35.8
35.3
39.7
8.5
11.0
7.2
10.1
9.7
9.9
11.5
9.0
7.2
17.4
14.9
11.6
26.5
17.6
15.1
13.0
14.6
27.0
4.7
3.4
4.2
5.4
4.9
5.2
4.4
4.2
2.8
6.2
5.3
3.8
9.3
6.2
9.1
6.9
7.4
2.7
21.4
21.3
25.1
19.6
23.0
20.0
18.3
22.5
21.7
.7
13.6
.1
5.2
.1
1.5
• 1.3
(1)
(1
)
South Carolina.......................................
South Dakota........................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
Virginia ...................................................
Washington............................................
Wisconsin ..............................................
322
10
253
644
399
99
80
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
23.0
37.4
27.0
32.8
33.7
43.0
31.7
6.5
14.0
10.7
9.7
9.7
19.0
8.9
4.0
9.0
1.8
4.2
4.6
5.0
4.3
2.1
.3
2.5
2.7
3.0
4.1
2.6
10.4
14.1
12.1
16.2
16.3
14.9
15.9
47.0
21.7
41.9
38.6
40.8
29.8
43.7
10.8
5.6
8.4
9.5
9.1
10.6
11.9
19.8
7.0
18.7
12.0
17.6
9.9
22.0
5.7
3.0
4.2
8.7
6.1
4.1
3.1
10.7
6.1
10.5
8.4
8.1
5.1
6.7
27.2
26.4
27.7
27.9
23.9
26.1
23.5
2.7
14.4
3.5
.7
1.6
1.1
1.1
0.3
3.2
3.6
.3
O
.3
.6
5.1
.6
6.1
1.8
O
Black and other men
United States.......................................
5,651
100.0
28.4
10.7
6.7
2.7
8.4
52.7
17.1
14.8
8.8
12.0
16.0
3.0
Alabama.................................................
Alaska ....................................................
Arkansas.......:........................................
California................................................
Connecticut ...........................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
189
11
56
654
45
17
91
318
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.2
36.7
16.3
45.3
32.5
27.6
38.9
18.6
5.0
14.4
4.8
17.4
13.6
16.7
12.9
8.3
3.5
11.7
3.0
11.1
6.3
5:7
6.5
3.8
2.0
3.0
1.7
4.8
4.9
.4
2.9
2.3
3.7
7.6
6.9
12.0
7.7
4.7
16.6
4.2
69.6
44.9
63.3
39.1
52.4
52.9
41.3
53.7
19.8
15.5
18.4
16.7
25.0
15.1
14.7
17.5
20.8
6.5
22.5
10.0
17.4
15.7
4.4
8.3
11.6
3.5
6.4
4.6
6.1
13.3
11.2
9.4
17.4
19.4
15.9
7.7
4.0
8.8
11.0
18.5
13.5
17.8
7.1
14.0
15.0
17.4
19.7
16.5
2.7
.6
13.3
1.6
Georgia ..................................................
Hawaii ....................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana ...................................................
Kansas ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
208
138
296
88
28
50
201
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.6
36.1
35.5
19.4
20.3
15.5
17.7
5.2
11.6
14.4
7.0
9.1
6.9
6.5
6.0
12.0
6.8
2.9
4.1
3.3
4.8
1.6
4.9
3.0
3.3
1.8
.8
.7
5.7
7.5
11.3
6.1
5.2
4.5
5.7
61.3
42.7
49.0
62.4
53.8
61.1
63.0
15.4
21.1
16.5
22.1
16.0
15.9
19.9
18.2
6.1
18.8
23.7
19.5
26.6
12.9
12.0
5.7
7.0
5.7
7.4
5.6
12.8
15.6
9.9
6.8
10.9
10.7
13.0
17.4
16.3
16.3
15.5
17.7
25.3
18.0
13.2
Maryland ................................................
Massachusetts......................................
Michigan ................................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Nevada...................................................
219
59
205
141
91
15
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.0
33.5
25.0
16.6
29.6
25.6
14.4
13.9
10.7
5.3
11.8
11.0
8.3
10.4
5.3
5.4
6.7
6.2
1.5
1.7
1.4
1.6
3.5
4.0
12.8
7.5
7.7
4.3
7.6
4.4
47.7
38.3
59.6
63.8
44.2
25.1
17.3
16.4
19.0
15.2
15.3
12.1
10.5
11.7
23.4
17.5
13.1
4.0
9.5
7.0
8.0
13.7
6.6
4.1
10.4
3.2
9.2
17.3
9.3
4.9
14.7
28.3
15.1
10.9
24.9
49.3
.2
8.6
1.2
(1
)
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y ork...............................................
North Carolina.......................................
O h io .......................................................
Oklahoma..............................................
Oregon...................................................
Pennsylvania.........................................
181
21
506
257
188
53
27
209
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
31.1
17.0
39.1
15.9
25.5
28.0
37.5
31.9
14.9
6.5
12.4
6.2
10.9
12.8
22.4
10.3
6.6
3.6
7.8
3.5
7.2
6.4
6.2
7.8
1.4
4.5
3.2
1.8
1.9
2.0
1.3
6.0
8.3
2.3
15.7
4.3
5.6
6.9
7.7
7.9
51.6
46.6
40.1
65.1
59.0
58.4
45.2
50.9
16.5
17.4
13.5
17.4
17.2
17.1
16.3
15.5
14.3
16.7
11.3
21.5
21.8
17.0
13.2
15.1
9.3
4.6
8.3
10.0
8.9
9.3
6.3
7.4
11.5
7.9
7.0
16.3
11.0
15.1
9.5
12.9
16.3
15.1
20.5
11.3
15.2
10.9
15.3
17.2
1.0
21.3
.2
7.6
.3
2.7
1.9
(1
)
South Carolina.......................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
Virginia ...................................................
Washington............................................
167
125
338
207
56
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.2
18.9
21.1
23.3
37.8
4.4
9.5
6.0
7.2
20.4
5.5
2.0
5.7
6.0
6.9
1.9
1.2
2.2
2.0
3.3
4.3
6.2
7.1
8.1
7.2
65.4
58.3
61.5
58.7
40.3
20.3
13.7
16.4
15.8
16.7
16.1
17.2
14.9
18.2
9.3
10.0
8.2
16.1
10.8
7.0
19.0
19.2
14.2
13.9
7.3
14.0
16.0
16.1
15.3
20.4
4.4
6.8
1.3
2.7
1.5
See footnotes at end of table.
42
O
2.2
0)
11.3
3.8
5.0
O
.5
.7
5.4
6.0
.6
0
Tabs© 4. O ccupational d istrib u tio n o f ©mpHoyment by State, sex, and race, 1980 annuai averages—Continued
(Percent of total employment)
White-collar workers
Total employment
Population group and State
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
Total
Mana
Profes gers and
sional
adminis Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
except
kindred
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Farm
workers
Black and other women
United States.......................................
5,239
100.0
50.9
14.8
3.7
3.1
29.3
17.7
1.4
14.3
0.6
1.4
30.8
0.6
Alabama.................................................
A laska.................................................. .
Arkansas................................................
California................................................
Connecticut...........................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
154
11
50
626
47
17
96
287
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
30.2
62.3
36.0
64.6
55.0
41.7
67.7
42.1
10.5
18.0
13.6
15.7
21.0
12.9
17.5
10.7
1.7
8.2
2.0
5.3
4.1
2.7
5.5
2.8
1.5
5.9
2.6
4.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
3.6
16.6
30.3
17.8
39.6
28.9
25.0
43.4
25.1
29.2
8.4
25.9
14.5
16.4
21.3
5.1
14.7
1.4
.7
2.4
1.4
.5
1.1
1.1
1.7
25.5
4.3
21.0
11.4
15.3
16.0
2.9
10.8
.9
.3
1.5
3.1
2.5
1.2
1.0
.3
.1
.4
(1
)
3.3
.5
1.5
39.6
28.9
38.0
20.6
28.6
35.8
27.2
40.0
Georgia..................................................
Hawaii ....................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana ...................................................
Kansas ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
194
128
294
80
30
40
181
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.5
64.3
58.0
57.5
38.0
40.4
49.2
11.0
16.1
23.7
21.3
12.5
16.1
16.6
3.9
6.2
3.7
3.8
4.7
1.6
5.2
1.4
7.0
2.0
4.1
2.9
.6
4.5
20.3
35.0
28.6
28.3
17.9
22.2
22.9
27.4
8.7
18.7
15.7
26.4
23.1
11.1
1.9
1.7
2.0
1.3
3.0
. 1.5
1.4
23.1
5.9
14.4
12.0
21.0
20.8
7.2
.4
.3
1.0
.1
.5
(1
)
.8
2.1
.9
1.3
2.3
1.9
.9
1.6
35.0
24.2
23.3
26.8
35.7
36.0
38.9
Maryland ................................................
Massachusetts......................................
Michigan ................................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Nevada ...................................................
214
42
184
114
91
13
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
63.7
61.8
62.7
37.4
52.9
40.7
16.2
20.8
18.4
15.2
17.6
11.9
5.3
4.7
2.6
.3.7
2.7
4.3
2.6
3.2
3.7
2.0
2.2
2.0
39.5
33.1
38.0
16.5
30.4
22.4
9.6
12.1
11.7
24.6
13.3
6.4
1.2
.7
1.1
.7
1.8
.5
6.8
10.5
8.3
21.0
9.3
4.5
.9
(')
1.2
1.0
.7
.3
.7
1.0
1.2
1.9
1.5
1.2
26.7
26.1
25.3
37.3
33.8
52.9
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y ork...............................................
North Carolina........................................
O hio.......................................................
Oklahoma..............................................
Pennsylvania.........................................
177
15
510
239
180
47
180
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.3
49.8
56.9
32.4
52.0
52.0
54.3
15.6
19.3
14.5
11.5
13.8
13.4
14.0
2.8
4.2
4.1
2.7
2.9
5.3
2.7
3.0
2.3
3.0
2.1
3.6
3.5
4.4
29.9
24.1
35.3
16.1
31.8
29.9
33.2
21.7
17.4
13.5
36.5
16.8
17.2
17.1
.3
1.9
.9
2.2
1.8
1.7
1.5
20.6
12.3
11.9
31.9
13.2
12.9
13.9
.1
1.7
.1
.5
.6
.5
.5
.8
1.4
.6
1.9
1.2
2.1
1.2
26.5
30.3
29.5
28.5
31.2
30.5
28.6
O
South Carolina .......................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
Virginia...................................................
Washington............................................
155
128
306
193
43
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
30.4
34.8
45.9
44.8
49.9
8.6
11.8
13.8
12.4
17.3
2.4
1.6
2.5
3.2
2.5
2.4
3.7
3.1
4.1
5.1
17.0
17.7
26.4
25.1
25.0
27.1
25.9
13.2
21.7
15.9
.6
3.3
1.8
1.9
2.7
23.7
20.2
8.9
16.9
10.7
.9
.4
.6
1.0
.2
1.8
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.3
41.6
39.1
40.9
33.1
33.7
.9
.2
(1
)
.4
.5
1 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total employed.
NOTE: Items may not add to total because of rounding. Data are not shown
separately for black and other races when the employment estimate for black and
0
.6
.9
1.0
.6
.8
O
1.2
(’)
3.2
1.0
2.8
0
O
(')
.5
.9
O
0)
.3
.7
O
(')
.4
2.4
.1
2.5
O
.3
other races is not sufficiently large to meet BLS publication standards of reliability for
the particular State, based on the sample size in that State. See appendix B.
43
Table 5. Nonagriculfural wage and salary employment by hours of work by State, 1980 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Persons at work by hours
Population group and State
Total at work
1-14
hours
15-29
hours
30-34
hours
35-39
hours
40
hours
Average hours
41-48
hours
49 hours
and over
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Total, 16 years and over
United States.......................................
81,590
4,028
9,709
6,214
6,086
36,791
8,243
10,520
38.1
42.1
Alabama.................................................
A laska....................................................
Arizona...................................................
Arkansas ................................................
California................................................
C olorado................................................
Connecticut ...........................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
1,252
138
886
691
8,660
1,156
1,326
223
265
3,085
56
7
40
32
410
62
74
12
7
116
138
13
107
83
1,033
134
165
30
27
361
99
12
74
52
709
80
88
18
26
199
77
10
42
45
445
68
143
22
17
219
620
56
399
300
4,185
479
537
97
141
1,478
113
15
93
79
792
138
135
19
16
278
149
26
131
100
1,085
193
184
25
30
434
38.2
40.1
38.5
38.6
38.0
38.8
37.7
37.0
38.3
38.8
43.1
45.4
43.9
43.9
43.3
44.3
43.2
42.7
42.5
43.5
G eorgia..................................................
Hawaii ....................................................
Ida h o ......................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana...................................................
Iow a.......................................................
Kansas ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
Maine .....................................................
1,870
318
290
4,284
1,964
1,036
912
1,173
1,336
381
71
16
19
210
97
73
49
54
65
22
188
40
39
497
220
132
107
135
147
45
139
41
26
325
153
81
61
95
89
36
126
19
12
323
130
60
53
102
80
30
882
144
121
1,972
899
397
390
516
623
155
205
22
32
425
215
126
105
128
126
48
258
36
41
532
250
167
147
144
206
45
39.0
37.0
37.4
38.0
38.2
37.9
38.8
38.1
39.3
37.5
43.5
43.0
44.1
43.1
43.4
44.5
44.3
43.3
44.5
43.1
Maryland................................................
Massachusetts......................................
Michigan ................................................
Minnesota..............................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Montana.................................................
Nebraska ...............................................
Nevada...................................................
New Hampshire .....................................
1,767
2,417
3,254
1,599
764
1,727
251
562
307
374
73
139
191
109
41
92
18
36
9
19
207
323
411
241
76
210
32
70
30
47
164
219
256
133
51
130
20
40
22
31
131
225
199
100
41
106
12
34
14
28
807
1,010
1,486
646
365
776
114
216
159
144
165
221
321
176
81
172
22
68
30
50
221
279
390
194
110
241
32
97
42
56
38.0
36.9
37.4
36.7
39.2
38.1
37.1
38.3
39.3
38.1
43.1
42.9
43.1
43.5
44.3
43.7
43.5
44.6
43.5
43.7
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y ork...............................................
North Carolina.......................................
North Dakota.........................................
O hio.......................................................
Oklahoma..............................................
Oregon...................................................
Pennsylvania.........................................
Rhode Island.........................................
2,918
404
6,416
2,184
201
3,994
1,016
955
4,249
370
135
20
297
100
12
201
45
63
209
18
361
46
829
234
28
456
104
127
527
54
184
31
434
188
18
270
69
79
321
49
372
21
993
151
13
242
56
50
353
35
1,286
183
2,754
974
73
1,823
450
405
1,984
132
254
39
504
255
23
438
106
104
421
40
326
65
606
282
35
563
186
127
434
41
37.5
38.8
37.0
38.5
38.1
38.5
39.7
37.3
37.4
36.8
42.4
44.3
41.9
43.5
44.8
43.7
44.7
43.7
42.6
43.1
South Carolina......................................
South Dakota........................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
U tah.......................................................
Vermont .................................................
Virginia...................................................
Washington............................................
West Virginia.........................................
Wisconsin ..............................................
Wyoming................................................
1,045
223
1,545
4,993
481
182
2,060
1,465
592
1,836
177
38
16
63
202
29
13
93
90
24
138
8
110
33
148
523
67
22
221
183
62
252
20
81
17
114
314
42
16
175
137
52
137
14
85
13
116
265
22
13
143
70
40
120
8
494
83
762
2,265
195
71
949
679
273
725
70
118
26
166
593
54
23
220
135
63
227
22
120
34
175
832
73
25
257
170
78
236
35
38.5
37.1
38.6
39.7
37.8
37.3
38.3
37.1
38.8
37.0
39.8
42.9
44.2
43.0
44.5
44.4
43.6
43.4
43.1
43.6
43.7
45.3
,
Refers to persons who work 35 or more hours during the survey week and those who usually work full time but worked 1 to 34 hours because of noneconomic reasons.
44
Table 6. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason by State, 1980 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Reason not at work
State
Total
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Other 1
United S tates................................................................................
5,785
3,268
1,404
153
960
Alabama..........................................................................................
Alaska..............................................................................................
Arizona ............................................................................................
Arkansas .........................................................................................
California.........................................................................................
Colorado..........................................................................................
Connecticut.....................................................................................
Delaware.........................................................................................
District of Columbia........................................................................
Florida..............................................................................................
95
12
64
52
600
86
95
16
15
184
49
8
41
26
325
55
59
9
8
110
26
2
10
10
137
12
26
3
5
44
4
16
3
12
12
103
17
9
3
2
29
Georgia............................................................................................
Hawaii..............................................................................................
Idaho................................................................................................
Illinois...............................................................................................
Indiana.............................................................................................
Io w a .................................................................................................
Kansas.............................................................................................
Kentucky .........................................................................................
Louisiana.........................................................................................
M aine...............................................................................................
116
25
21
339
166
72
58
108
106
29
64
14
12
194
85
42
33
58
50
17
33
6
4
76
39
17
13
25
26
7
Maryland..........................................................................................
Massachusetts.................................................................................
Michigan..........................................................................................
Minnesota .......................................................................................
Mississippi.......................................................................................
Missouri...........................................................................................
Montana ..........................................................................................
Nebraska.........................................................................................
Nevada ............................................................................................
New Hampshire...............................................................................
107
155
257
122
62
126
21
35
16
24
59
92
145
70
29
71
12
20
8
14
30
41
74
23
16
31
3
7
4
6
New Jersey.....................................................................................
New M exico.....................................................................................
New York ........................................................................................
North Carolina.................................................................................
North D akota...................................................................................
Ohio .................................................................................................
Oklahoma........................................................................................
Oregon.............................................................................................
Pennsylvania....................................................................................
Rhode Island...................................................................................
191
30
444
122
16
303
54
65
318
35
117
17
267
62
8
166
30
36
182
20
46
6
112
34
3
85
15
15
87
11
South Carolina.................................................................................
South Dakota...................................................................................
Tennessee ......................................................................................
Texas ...............................................................................................
Utah .................................................................................................
Vermont...........................................................................................
Virginia.............................................................................................
Washington.....................................................................................
West Virginia....................................................................................
Wisconsin........................................................................................
Wyoming .........................................................................................
63
14
107
318
27
13
143
106
53
134
12
35
8
61
176
15
8
82
59
28
84
8
12
4
29
72
6
3
38
20
13
28
2
1 Includes industrial disputes.
2 Less than 500 persons.
45
(2)
1
4
36
2
1
(2)
(2)
1
1
1
1
6
6
2
2
3
6
17
4
4
63
36
12
11
22
24
5
2
3
1
2
4
3
1
2
16
19
36
28
12
21
5
6
3
4
3
1
5
5
1
5
25
7
60
21
4
47
9
11
45
3
(*)
(2)
(2)
(2)
3
4
(2)
2
(2)
5
9
1
(2)
5
6
2
2
t2
)
14
2
13
61
6
2
18
21
11
20
2
Table 7. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages
(Percent of total unemployment)
Percent unemployed by duration of unemployment
Population group and State
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Total
Less than
5 weeks
5-14
weeks
15-26
weeks
27-51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
Total, 16 years and over
United States.......................................
7,448
100.0
43.1
32.4
13.8
6.5
4.3
Alabama.................................................
A laska....................................................
Arizona...................................................
Arkansas ................................................
California................................................
Colorado................................................
Connecticut...........................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
144
18
75
74
760
82
95
22
23
234
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.6
42.8
51.7
47.5
47.2
52.7
48.3
44.2
41.6
50.2
33.4
30.4
32.8
33.1
31.8
30.7
35.7
30.4
35.1
33.9
14.9
14.9
9.2
12.1
12.3
11.4
11.0
15.3
13.5
10.4
8.0
7.4
3.7
5.2
5.3
3.6
2.9
5.2
6.2
2.4
4.1
4.5
2.5
2.1
3.4
1.6
2.2
4.9
3.6
3.2
Georgia..................................................
Hawaii ....................................................
Idaho......................................................
Illinois....................................................
Indiana..................................................
Iow a.......................................................
Kansas...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
Maine ....................................................
154
20
33
454
253
83
53
131
115
39
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.4
53.2
47.6
38.0
36.5
39.7
49.4
38.7
48.8
41.9
32.5
27.7
33.1
32.4
31.9
40.0
32.1
35.6
31.1
32.9
10.9
11.8
12.8
15.5
18.7
12.5
13.5
16.0
11.5
14.4
2.2
2.5
4.3
8.9
8.4
6.5
3.2
6.0
4.9
6.0
3.9
4.8
2.1
5.2
4.6
1.2
1.9
3.8
3.7
4.7
Maryland................................................
Massachusetts......................................
Michigan ................................................
Minnesota..................... ........................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Montana.................................................
Nebraska ...............................................
Nevada..................................................
New Hampshire.....................................
137
163
541
120
76
161
22
31
23
22
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.0
46.2
34.0
45.1
49.3
40.4
44.8
52.3
51.8
47.4
31.9
33.7
30.7
33.2
30.1
33.7
32.8
32.5
31.5
33.4
16.5
11.7
16.4
14.4
12.0
16.4
13.8
10.1
10.4
10.1
5.7
5.3
11.7
5.2
4.2
5.9
6.6
3.1
3.5
5.8
5.8
3.1
7.2
2.2
4.4
3.5
1.9
2.0
2.8
3.3
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y o rk...............................................
North Carolina.......................................
North Dakota.........................................
O hio.......................................................
Oklahoma..............................................
Oregon...................................................
Pennsylvania.........................................
Rhode Island.........................................
258
40
603
180
15
426
64
105
417
33
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.3
48.9
39.3
48.5
47.6
37.7
55.0
43.8
37.2
40.9
33.1
31.9
31.5
31.8
36.4
31.7
27.4
31.9
32.9
34.4
16.8
11.5
14.9
11.5
10.4
15.4
11.3
12.1
16.2
15.2
6.0
5.4
7.9
5.6
4.9
9.7
4.3
6.8
7.3
5.9
5.8
2.4
6.5
2.5
.7
5.5
2.0
5.4
6.4
3.7
South Carolina......................................
South Dakota........................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas ....................................................
U tah.......................................................
Verm ont.................................................
Virginia...................................................
Washington............................................
West Virginia.......................... ..............
Wisconsin ..............................................
Wyoming................................................
90
16
145
337
38
16
129
142
72
169
9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.6
45.4
42.1
58.4
54.4
42.5
47.1
45.3
38.5
39.7
61.8
36.6
36.0
35.2
27.8
31.9
34.3
33.8
33.9
33.4
34.2
29.3
9.4
11.1
12.7
7.7
9.1
10.3
13.0
13.1
16.9
16.0
5.9
5.1
3.4
6.2
3.7
2.9
9.1
4.2
6.8
6.9
6.4
1.2
1.4
4.2
3.8
2.4
1.7
3.8
1.8
1.0
4.2
3.7
1.8
United States......................................
3,261
100.0
35.5
33.1
16.8
8.5
6.2
Alabama.................................................
A laska....................................................
Arizona...................................................
Arkansas ................................................
California................................................
C olorado................................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
57
9
34
31
330
32
8
10
87
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
30.1
37.6
48.4
42.6
39.6
44.2
36.8
39.9
42.2
33.4
27.7
31.2
33.3
32.5
33.1
29.9
34.0
37.0
20.3
21.3
10.3
14.1
14.8
14.0
21.9
13.0
13.5
9.6
7.9
5.8
9.0
7.4
5.3
6.9
7.2
3.2
6.6
5.6
4.4
1.2
5.8
3.4
4.6
5.9
4.1
Georgia..................................................
Ida h o .....................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana ...................................................
Iow a.......................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
Maine .....................................................
48
15
211
114
37
60
* 48
15
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.2
43.9
30.7
31.3
32.1
33.1
45.7
34.9
37.3
33.9
34.4
33.3
42.1
35.0
31.6
31.9
12.4
16.3
16.4
21.7
15.8
18.2
14.4
17.6
1.3
2.9
12.0
10.0
9.8
7.4
4.3
7.9
6.8
3.0
6.4
3.7
.6
6.3
4.0
7.8
Maryland................................................
57
100.0
35.1
33.0
17.1
7.9
7.0
Men, 20 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.
46
Table 7. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Percent of total unemployment)
Percent unemployed by duration of unemployment
Population group and State
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Total
Less than
5 weeks
5-14
weeks
15-26
weeks
27-51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
Men, 20 years and over—Continued
Massachusetts.......................................
Michigan ................................................
Minnesota..............................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Montana.................................................
Nevada ...................................................
73
286
58
25
72
9
11
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.0
29.2
33.6
41.6
33.0
42.8
44.2
35.2
31.0
38.5
35.5
36.3
33.8
35.4
16.8
17.7
16.9
9.4
20.1
13.4
13.2
6.8
13.1
7.1
7.5
5.9
7.3
4.3
4.3
9.0
4.0
6.0
4.8
2.7
3.0
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New York ...............................................
North Carolina........................................
O h io ........................................................
Oregon...................................................
Pennsylvania .........................................
Rhode Island.........................................
101
18
272
70
204
48
194
14
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
28.8
39.4
29.9
44.3
31.2
37.5
27.6
30.1
33.4
33.8
31.7
29.2
30.3
31.9
32.2
34.9
21.3
15.9
16.9
15.3
18.7
16.4
21.0
20.4
7.5
7.0
11.4
7.5
12.0
9.0
10.2
7.7
9.1
3.9
10.1
3.7
7.9
5.2
9.1
6.9
South Carolina.......................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
U tah........................................................
Washington............................................
West Virginia.........................................
Wisconsin ..............................................
39
61
121
15
69
38
74
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.4
33.1
51.8
45.1
40.5
30.8
33.3
39.7
35.2
28.1
35.5
36.4
34.7
32.8
11.4
19.3
10.1
10.9
14.0
18.8
21.5
4.7
6.8
5.8
5.3
7.2
9.8
8.5
.9
5.6
4.1
3.1
1.9
5.9
4.0
Women, 20 years and
over
United States.......................................
2,547
100.0
46.0
31.4
12.8
6.2
3.6
Alabama.................................................
A laska....................................................
Arkansas ................................................
California................................................
C olorado................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
55
6
23
254
30
10
85
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.9
42.8
46.3
51.0
55.4
41.2
53.3
33.1
34.4
30.5
31.5
30.5
37.6
30.5
13.7
9.0
14.9
10.5
10.9
13.4
10.1
5.7
9.4
4.3
4.9
3.2
6.1
2.8
2.6
4.6
4.2
2.0
.2
1.8
3.4
Georgia ..................................................
Ida h o ......................................................
Illinois .....................................................
Indiana ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Maine .....................................................
72
12
149
89
42
15
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.6
51.6
40.5
37.5
36.5
43.8
29.2
29.1
30.1
28.7
36.8
33.1
13.3
9.9
17.1
18.2
17.2
15.3
2.9
7.3
7.9
8.7
6.8
5.0
3.0
2.1
4.5
6.9
2.7
2.7
Maryland................................................
Massachusetts.......................................
Michigan ................................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Nevada...................................................
48
51
164
33
57
8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.8
49.0
36.5
50.2
44.6
59.3
29.8
34.3
28.8
25.7
29.9
26.6
15.7
10.0
15.5
15.5
15.2
6.8
4.5
4.9
12.7
3.5
7.4
3.2
7.3
1.9
6.4
5.1
2.9
4.1
New Jersey ...........................................
New Y o rk...............................................
North Carolina........................................
O hio........................................................
Oregon...................................................
Pennsylvania..........................................
Rhode Island..........................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
U tah.......................................................
Washington............................................
West Virginia.........................................
Wisconsin ..............................................
99
213
66
141
37
132
12
52
122
14
48
20
47
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.6
44.7
46.4
40.8
49.0
44.1
41.3
43.8
58.0
57.9
45.7
45.3
44.7
33.9
30.4
35.5
31.7
30.0
30.1
37.0
35.7
28.9
29.6
30.5
34.7
32.2
13.9
14.6
10.3
13.9
8.6
14.0
15.5
9.4
7.9
9.0
14.5
11.4
12.4
6.7
6.2
5.8
9.9
6.5
6.8
5.1
7.5
3.5
2.3
9.2
6.1
6.5
4.8
4.2
1.9
3.7
5.9
5.0
1.0
3.6
1.8
1.3
.2
2.7
4.3
United States.......................................
1,640
100.0
53.7
32.6
9.3
2.7
1.8
California................................................
Florida....................................................
Illinois............ ........................................
Indiana...................................................
176
62
95
50
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
55.8
57.0
50.3
46.4
31.2
34.3
31.7
34.2
10.1
6.4
11.0
12.5
2.2
.7
3.4
4.2
.7
1.6
3.6
2.7
Maryland................................................
Michigan ................................................
Missouri..................................................
32
91
32
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.4
44.5
49.6
33.2
33.2
34.7
16.8
13.6
10.3
3.9
5.5
3.6
1.8
3.1
1.8
New Jersey ...........................................
58
100.0
50.9
31.4
13.6
2.2
1.8
Both sexes, 16-19 years
See footnotes at end of table.
47
Table 7. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Percent of total unemployment)
Percent unemployed by duration of unemployment
Population group and State
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Total
Less than
5 weeks
5-14
weeks
15-26
weeks
27-51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years—Continued
New Y o rk...............................................
O h io .......................................................
Pennsylvania.........................................
Texas .....................................................
Wisconsin ..............................................
119
81
92
93
47
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.9
48.6
47.5
67.5
44.6
32.9
35.4
38.5
26.2
38.3
11.1
9.9
9.3
4.2
11.1
2.9
3.6
2.1
1.0
3.2
2.3
2.5
2.5
1.1
2.8
White (both sexes)
United States.......................................
5,790
100.0
43.7
32.4
13.7
6.4
3.7
Alabama.................................................
A laska....................................................
Arizona...................................................
Arkansas ................................................
California................................................
C olorado................................................
Connecticut ...........................................
Delaware................................................
Florida....................................................
80
14
68
55
593
75
84
16
167
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.2
41.4
52.4
48.1
48.2
53.2
48.8
46.6
49.0
35.3
30.2
32.1
32.7
32.0
29.6
34.8
29.6
33.3
15.5
16.7
9.1
11.7
11.9
11.6
11.3
15.0
10.9
7.4
6.8
4.0
5.2
4.7
3.9
3.3
4.7
3.1
2.6
4.9
2.4
2.3
3.2
1.8
1.9
4.0
3.7
Georgia..................................................
Idaho......................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana ...................................................
Iow a.......................................................
Kansas ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
Maine .....................................................
93
33
346
213
76
43
116
62
38
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.2
47.5
37.2
37.6
41.3
50.7
39.9
52.8
41.2
32.8
32.8
33.3
33.3
39.4
32.1
34.8
30.2
33.3
9.3
13.1
15.5
18.2
12.2
12.4
16.6
9.8
14.7
1.8
4.4
9.7
7.1
6.0
3.4
5.5
2.6
6.1
2.8
2.2
4.3
3.8
1.2
1.5
3.2
4.6
4.8
Maryland................................................
Massachusetts.......................................
Michigan ................................................
Minnesota..............................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Montana.................................................
Nebraska ...............................................
Nevada...................................................
New Hampshire.....................................
88
157
422
114
35
130
19
27
20
21
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.0
46.0
33.9
45.4
55.6
42.8
47.0
49.5
54.1
47.4
32.1
33.6
31.4
32.8
26.1
32.4
31.1
34.3
29.8
33.4
13.6
12.0
17.3
14.9
11.1
16.3
13.4
10.8
10.7
10.2
4.8
5.4
12.0
5.1
4.3
5.8
7.0
3.1
3.1
5.6
5.5
3.1
5.5
1.8
2.8
2.7
1.6
2.3
2.3
3.3
New Jersey ........... ...............................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y o rk...............................................
North Carolina.......................................
North Dakota.........................................
O hio.......................................................
Oklahoma..............................................
Oregon...................................................
Pennsylvania .........................................
Rhode Island.........................................
195
34
471
111
13
339
49
97
335
32
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.7
48.2
39.3
53.8
49.4
38.2
58.0
42.9
36.0
40.4
33.1
32.1
32.1
30.1
34.7
32.5
29.8
32.8
34.4
34.9
15.7
12.3
15.3
8.9
10.3
15.9
8.1
11.6
17.1
15.1
5.8
5.3
7.7
4.7
5.0
9.1
3.2
7.1
7.7
5.7
5.7
2.2
5.6
2.5
.6
4.3
1.0
5.7
4.8
4.0
South Carolina......................................
South D akota........................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
U tah.......................................................
Vermont .................................................
Virginia ...................................................
Washington............................................
West Virginia.........................................
Wisconsin ..............................................
Wyoming................................................
46
14
98
256
36
16
79
130
68
152
9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.6
48.0
45.6
59.0
54.4
42.3
50.0
45.2
39.5
40.6
62.4
34.6
34.7
34.8
27.5
31.9
34.3
29.4
34.1
33.6
33.9
29.3
7.3
10.9
10.8
7.6
9.2
10.4
14.5
12.7
16.3
16.0
5.7
4.2
1.9
6.3
3.6
2.8
9.2
4.0
7.1
7.0
5.8
1.2
1.3
4.5
2.5
2.3
1.6
3.8
2.2
.9
3.7
3.8
1.3
United States.......................................
1,658
100.0
40.8
32.1
14.1
6.8
6.3
Alabama.................................................
A laska ....................................................
California..........................................•......
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
63
4
167
19
67
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.1
47.5
43.6
41.2
53.1
30.9
31.1
31.4
35.4
35.2
14.2
9.0
13.6
14.0
9.1
8.7
9.4
7.4
5.8
.7
6.1
3.0
4.1
3.7
2.0
Georgia..................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Louisiana................................................
61
108
53
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.2
40.5
44.1
32.0
29.6
32.1
13.5
15.3
13.6
2.7
6.4
7.5
5.6
8.1
2.7
Maryland................................................
50
100.0
32.9
31.6
21.7
7.4
6.5
Black and other (both
sexes)
See footnotes at end of table.
48
Table 7. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Percent of total unemployment)
Percent unemployed by duration of. unemployment
Population group and State
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Total
Less than
5 weeks
5-14
weeks
15-26
weeks
27-51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
Black and other (both
sexes)—Continued
Michigan ................................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
119
41
31
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.3
44.0
30.4
28.5
33.5
39.2
13.1
12.8
16.9
10.7
4.1
6.4
13.5
5.7
7.1
New Jersey ...........................................
New Y ork...............................................
North Carolina........................................
O hio........................................................
Pennsylvania............................ .............
63
132
68
88
82
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.0
39.3
39.9
35.4
42.3
33.1
29.1
34.6
28.9
27.0
20.1
13.3
15.6
13.7
12.5
6.8
8.6
7.2
12.0
5.7
6.0
9.6
2.7
10.0
12.6
South Carolina.......................................
Texas .....................................................
44
80
100.0
100.0
42.4
56.7
38.7
28.9
11.5
7.9
6.0
3.8
1.4
2.7
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular State based on the sample in that
State. See appendix B.
because of rounding.
49
Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
Table 8. Unem ployed persons by reason fo r unem ploym ent by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annua! averages
(Percent of total unemployment)
Population group and State
—
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by reason for unemployment
Total
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Total, 16 years and over
United S tates.......................................................................
7,448
100.0
51.9
11.6
25.2
11.4
Alabama ..................................................................................
A laska.....................................................................................
Arizona ....................................................................................
Arkansas .................................................................................
California.................................................................................
Colorado..................................................................................
Connecticut.............................................................................
Delaware.................................................................................
District of Columbia ................................................................
Florida.....................................................................................
144
18
75
74
760
82
95
22
23
234
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.5
42.5
40.4
42.2
49.9
33.7
42.4
50.3
45.5
39.1
9.6
14.8
19.8
13.8
12.0
23.1
17.9
7.7
14.9
17.7
20.7
36.8
30.2
29.8
25.6
33.6
25.3
26.2
28.7
29.5
16.2
5.9
9.7
14.2
12.4
9.5
14.5
15.8
10.8
13.7
Georgia....................................................................................
Hawaii.....................................................................................
Idaho.......................................................................................
Illinois......................................................................................
Indiana....................................................................................
Io w a ........................................................................................
Kansas.....................................................................................
Kentucky..................................................................................
Louisiana.................................................................................
M aine......................................................................................
154
20
33
454
253
83
53
131
115
39
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.7
41.0
57.6
56.9
62.3
51.4
46.3
56.6
46.8
49.0
13.1
16.3
11.8
9.6
9.6
9.0
15.4
9.5
13.9
10.4
27.9
29.7
27.0
22.0
21.5
29.1
29.1
21.4
24.4
32.8
12.3
13.0
3.6
11.5
6.7
10.5
9.2
12.5
14.9
7.7
Maryland..................................................................................
Massachusetts........................................................................
Michigan..................................................................................
Minnesota................................................................................
Mississippi...............................................................................
Missouri...................................................................................
M ontana..................................................................................
Nebraska................................................................................
Nevada ...................................................................................
New Hampshire......................................................................
137
163
541
120
76
161
22
31
23
22
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.5
50.8
62.3
53.0
45.8
56.4
42.6
43.7
51.0
44.0
11.2
13.2
6.8
9.0
14.4
8.9
14.9
13.8
19.1
15.0
29.2
24.6
22.2
29.4
27.2
26.9
34.5
30.7
24.7
28.2
14.1
11.4
8.7
8.5
12.6
7.8
8.1
11.8
5.2
12.8
New Jersey.............................................................................
New Mexico............................................................................
New York ................................................................................
North Carolina........................................................................
North D akota..........................................................................
Ohio ........................................................................................
Oklahoma................................................................................
Oregon....................................................................................
Pennsylvania...........................................................................
Rhode Island..........................................................................
258
40
603
180
15
426
64
105
417
33
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
56.0
40.5
54.7
44.3
46.6
58.7
39.3
47.8
56.7
55.0
8.1
14.5
8.1
14.9
16.6
9.8
18.2
15.1
6.8
11.8
23.2
33.8
23.2
28.6
29.7
20.8
36.1
31.5
23.3
23.2
12.7
11.2
13.9
12.2
7.1
10.6
6.4
5.6
13.2
10.0
South Carolina........................................................................
South Dakota..........................................................................
Tennessee ..............................................................................
Texas ......................................................................................
U ta h ........................................................................................
Vermont...................................................................................
Virginia....................................................................................
Washington.............................................................................
West Virginia...........................................................................
Wisconsin................................................................................
Wyoming..................................................................................
90
16
145
337
38
16
129
142
72
169
9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.9
42.8
54.1
39.8
38.0
50.1
39.1
53.4
51.5
56.7
37.2
13.1
16.9
12.6
19.4
18.0
13.9
15.0
12.9
14.5
9.3
23.5
29.7
33.2
22.7
28.0
34.9
27.9
29.2
25.5
21.9
22.7
35.7
8.2
7.1
10.6
12.7
9.1
8.1
16.8
8.2
12.1
11.3
3.6
Men, 20 years and over
United S tates.......................................................................
3,261
100.0
71.6
10.6
15.3
2.6
Alabama..................................................................................
Alaska.....................................................................................
A rizona...................................................................................
Arkansas .................................................................................
California.................................................................................
Colorado..................................................................................
Delaware.................................................................................
District of Columbia................................................. ..............
Florida.....................................................................................
57
9
34
31
330
32
8
10
87
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
77.2
63.8
59.4
62.4
67.2
49.9
75.7
59.4
53.4
11.2
9.0
18.6
15.3
11.8
23.1
6.0
14.6
17.8
8.0
26.3
20.5
20.4
17.7
22.8
14.2
20.1
23.7
3.7
1.0
1.4
2.0
3.2
4.2
4.0
6.0
5.1
Georgia....................................................................................
Idaho.......................................................................................
Illinois.......................................................................................
Indiana.....................................................................................
Iowa ........................................................................................
Kentucky..................................................................................
Louisiana............................................................... .................
M aine......................................................................................
48
15
211
114
37
60
48
15
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
69.1
75.9
76.5
78.7
73.8
77.4
69.4
64.4
10.0
9.0
7.6
8.8
6.6
10.6
10.3
11.0
17.2
14.5
12.5
11.7
17.8
10.8
17.7
24.4
3.9
.6
3.4
.8
1.7
1.2
2.7
.2
Maryland.............................. ...................................................
Massachusetts........................................................................
57
73
100.0
100.0
65.9
69.8
9.9
13.0
19.6
14.0
4.6
3.3
See footnotes at end of table.
50
Table 8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages—
'Continued
(Percent of total unemployment)
Population group and State
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by reason for unemployment
Total
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over—Continued
Michigan..................................................................................
Minnesota................................................................................
Mississippi...............................................................................
Missouri ...................................................................................
M ontana..................................................................................
Nevada ....................................................................................
286
58
25
72
9
11
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
80.9
72.5
67.8
74.6
62.4
66.5
5.3
8.6
11.4
6.7
9.5
14.7
12.2
18.8
16.9
17.5
25.8
16.7
1.6
.1
3.9
1.2
2.3
2.1
New Jersey.............................................................................
New M exico............................................................................
New York .............................................................................. .
North Carolina........................................................................
Ohio ........................................................................................
Oregon.....................................................................................
Pennsylvania...........................................................................
Rhode Island ..........................................................................
101
18
272
70
204
48
194
14
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
78.1
62.1
71.4
63.4
79.8
64.0
76.3
70.9
6.7
14.3
8.6
17.6
7.0
13.6
6.2
10.3
12.0
21.4
14.4
17.5
11.4
20.8
14.9
17.0
3.2
2.2
5.6
1.5
1.8
1.6
2.6
1.7
South Carolina........................................................................
Tennessee ..............................................................................
Texas ......................................................................................
U ta h ........................................................................................
Washington.............................................................................
West Virginia...........................................................................
Wisconsin................................................................................
39
61
121
15
69
38
74
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
70.3
70.1
59.1
60.5
73.3
72.7
81.2
10.6
12.1
20.3
20.5
12.3
14.5
8.9
18.0
15.8
18.2
17.8
12.6
10.9
9.7
1.2
2.1
2.4
1.2
1.7
1.9
.2
United S tates.......................................................................
2,547
100.0
44.9
14.3
35.5
5.3
Alabam a..................................................................................
Alaska.....................................................................................
Arkansas .................................................................................
California.................................................................................
Colorado..................................................................................
District of Columbia ................................................................
Florida.....................................................................................
55
6
23
254
30
10
85
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.7
20.9
36.1
44.2
27.2
40.9
37.7
9.7
24.8
17.7
13.9
24.0
19.4
20.1
30.2
51.0
38.0
36.6
45.4
33.4
37.7
11.4
3.2
8.2
5.2
3.4
6.3
4.5
Georgia....................................................................................
Idaho.......................................................................................
Illinois......................................................................................
Indiana....................................................................................
Kentucky..................................................................................
M aine......................................................................................
72
12
149
89
42
15
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.2
47.2
49.1
56.5
50.8
49.8
15.2
17.6
14.1
9.0
10.9
10.9
34.5
33.3
31.6
30.9
33.0
36.5
6.1
1.8
5.2
3.6
5.3
2.8
Maryland..................................................................................
Massachusetts........................................................................
Michigan..................................................................................
Mississippi...............................................................................
Missouri ...................................................................................
Nevada ....................................................................................
48
51
164
33
57
8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.5
47.4
51.4
46.1
48.1
36.8
17.5
16.8
8.7
17.9
12.6
29.9
38.7
32.6
35.0
29.6
36.3
30.7
7.4
3.2
4.9
6.4
3.0
2.7
New Jersey.............................................................................
New York ......................................... ......................................
North Carolina ........................................................................
Ohio ........................................................................................
Oregon.....................................................................................
Pennsylvania...........................................................................
Rhode Island ..........................................................................
Tennessee ..............................................................................
Texas ......................................................................................
Utah ........................................................................................
Washington.............................................................................
West Virginia...........................................................................
Wisconsin................................................................................
99
213
66
141
37
132
12
52
122
14
48
20
47
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.2
51.9
39.6
49.8
38.1
50.0
51.5
48.3
32.4
24.8
38.0
34.1
50.6
12.0
9.1
17.7
13.9
18.7
8.7
14.6
15.2
22.9
17.3
14.1
20.4
10.9
32.3
31.9
39.2
31.4
40.0
35.5
30.8
31.6
38.1
52.6
44.6
36.0
35.9
5.5
7.0
3.5
4.9
3.3
5.9
3.1
5.0
6.6
5.3
3.3
9.5
2.6
United S tates.......................................................................
1,640
100.0
23.3
9.4
28.8
38.5
California.................................................................................
Florida.....................................................................................
Illinois......................................................................................
Indiana....................................................................................
176
62
95
50
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
25.9
20.9
25.5
34.9
9.7
14.1
7.2
12.6
24.6
26.5
27.8
27.1
39.8
38.5
39.5
25.4
Maryland..................................................................................
Michigan..................................................................................
M issouri...................................................................................
32
91
32
100.0
100.0
100.0
23.2
23.1
30.0
4.1
8.4
7.3
31.9
30.8
31.5
40.8
37.9
31.2
New Jersey.............................................................................
New York ................................................................................
O h io ........................................................................................
Pennsylvania...........................................................................
58
119
81
92
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
27.3
21.4
21.1
25.0
3.8
5.4
9.7
5.3
27.3
27.9
26.2
23.7
41.6
45.4
43.0
46.0
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
See footnotes at end of table.
51
Table 8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Percent of total unemployment)
Population group and State
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by reason1for unemployment
Total
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
27.7
30.0
34.1
37.4
Both sexes, 16-19 years—Continued
Texas ......................................................................................
Wisconsin................................................................................
93
47
100.0
100.0
24.5
24.3
13.7
8.3
White (both sexes)
United S tates.......................................................................
5,790
100.0
52.8
12.4
24.5
10.3
Alabam a..................................................................................
Alaska.....................................................................................
Arizona ...................................................................................
Arkansas ................................................................................
California................................................................................
Colorado.................................................................................
Connecticut.............................................................................
Delaware................................................................................
Florida.....................................................................................
80
14
68
55
593
75
84
16
167
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
57.4
42.7
38.9
41.4
51.1
33.6
40.8
49.6
39.0
12.2
16.3
21.3
16.6
12.2
23.8
18.8
8.8
20.5
21.0
36.0
31.9
30.0
25.5
33.9
25.9
28.2
29.8
9.4
4.9
7.8
12.0
11.1
8.7
14.5
13.4
10.7
Georgia...................................................................................
Idaho.......................................................................................
Illinois......................................................................................
Indiana....................................................................................
Io w a ........................................................................................
Kansas....................................................................................
Kentucky.................................................................................
Louisiana................................................................................
M aine......................................................................................
93
33
346
213
76
43
116
62
38
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.5
57.7
57.7
62.6
51.5
44.4
57.1
46.1
49.1
15.3
11.8
11.4
10.5
9.8
16.7
9.3
16.4
10.2
27.2
27.1
21.0
20.0
29.1
31.0
21.4
25.3
32.8
12.0
3.4
9.9
6.9
9.7
7.9
12.3
12.2
7.8
Maryland.................................................................................
Massachusetts........................................................................
Michigan.................................................................................
Minnesota................................................................................
Mississippi...............................................................................
Missouri..................................................................................
M ontana.................................................................................
Nebraska................................................................................
N evada...................................................................................
New Hampshire......................................................................
88
157
422
114
35
130
19
27
20
21
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.8
51.0
63.7
53.7
48.3
57.0
42.0
45.3
48.5
44.1
11.9
13.4
7.5
9.3
19.4
9.8
16.8
14.6
20.3
15.1
29.2
24.6
20.8
28.5
26.3
26.8
32.7
29.5
27.1
28.3
14.0
10.9
8.0
8.4
6.0
6.4
8.5
10.7
4.1
12.4
New Jersey.............................................................................
New M exico............................................................................
New York ................................................................................
North Carolina........................................................................
North D akota..........................................................................
O h io ........................................................................................
Oklahoma...............................................................................
Oregon....................................................................................
Pennsylvania...........................................................................
Rhode Island ..........................................................................
195
34
471
111
13
339
49
97
335
32
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
54.8
40.4
57.5
44.1
46.5
58.4
40.3
48.6
60.4
56.1
9.7
14.0
8.1
16.6
15.4
10.8
19.2
15.5
6.7
12.3
23.3
34.4
22.1
27.0
30.8
21.0
35.4
31.5
19.9
21.9
12.2
11.2
12.2
12.4
7.4
9.8
5.2
4.5
12.9
9.7
South Carolina........................................................................
South Dakota..........................................................................
Tennessee ..............................................................................
Texas ......................................................................................
Utah ........................................................................................
Vermont..................................................................................
Virginia....................................................................................
Washington.............................................................................
West Virginia...........................................................................
Wisconsin................................................................................
Wyoming.................................................................................
46
14
98
256
36
16
79
130
68
152
9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.9
42.7
51.6
40.8
38.0
50.4
38.1
54.8
51.3
57.0
37.3
17.8
17.1
14.6
20.4
17.9
14.0
18.7
12.5
14.7
9.3
23.5
30.9
33.1
22.7
26.8
34.9
27.5
27.6
24.7
21.8
22.7
35.6
4.4
7.2
11.1
12.0
9.2
8.1
15.7
8.1
12.2
11.0
3.7
United S tates.......................................................................
1,658
100.0
48.5
8.8
27.3
15.4
Alabam a.............................................. ...................................
A laska.....................................................................................
California.................................................................................
District of Columbia ................................................................
Florida.....................................................................................
63
4
167
19
67
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.5
41.9
45.7
46.0
39.4
6.3
9.6
11.3
12.5
10.7
20.3
39.6
26.1
30.2
28.7
24.9
9.0
16.9
11.3
21.2
Georgia...................................................................................
Illinois......................................................................................
Louisiana............................ ....................................................
61
108
53
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.5
54.2
47.6
9.8
4.0
11.0
29.0
24.9
23.3
12.8
16.8
18.1
Maryland..................................................................................
Michigan..................................................................................
Mississippi...............................................................................
M issouri...................................................................................
50
119
41
31
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.7
57.1
43.8
53.7
10.0
4.5
10.1
5.3
29.1
27.3
27.9
27.4
14.2
11.1
18.2
13.6
New Jersey.............................................................................
63
100.0
59.5 .
3.2
22.9
14.4
Black and other (both sexes)
See footnotes at end of table.
52
Table 8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment by State, sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Percent of total unemployment)
Population group and State
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by reason for unemployment
Total
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Black and other (both sexes)—Continued
New York ................................................................................
North Carolina........................................................................
O h io ........................................................................................
Pennsylvania...........................................................................
132
68
88
82
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.7
44.8
59.9
41.6
8.2
12.1
5.9
6.9
27.1
31.1
20.2
37.3
19.9
12.0
14.0
14.2
South Carolina........................................................................
Texas .......................................................................................
44
80
100.0
100.0
51.1
36.8
8.1
16.3
28.5
31.8
12.3
15.1
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular State based on the sample in that
State. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
because of rounding.
53
Table 9. Labor force status o f the black civilian noninstitutional population by State and sex, 1980 annual
averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Population group and State
Civilian noninstitutional
population
17,423
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
10,597
60.8
9,098
52.2
1,499
14.1
Error range of
rate1
Total, 16 years and over
United S tates.........................................
13.7
_
_
_
-
14.6
Alabam a....................................................
Alaska.......................................................
Arkansas ...................................................
California...................................................
Colorado....................................................
Connecticut...............................................
Delaware ...................................................
District of Columbia ..................................
Florida.......................................................
718
10
221
1,262
48
138
60
324
1,005
400
8
115
790
40
97
38
203
639
55.7
81.9
51.8
62.6
83.9
70.5
62.6
62.5
63.6
337
7
97
671
34
86
32
184
573
47.0
69.0
43.7
53.2
71.3
62.1
53.8
56.7
57.0
63
1
18
119
6
12
5
19
66
15.7
15.7
15.7
15.1
15.0
11.8
14.1
9.3
10.3
13.5
10.9
12.7
13.6
10.0
8.4
11.5
8.3
8.8
Georgia......................................................
Illinois........................................................
Indiana......................................................
Kansas.......................................................
Kentucky....................................................
Louisiana...................................................
717
1,061
292
89
177
744
450
603
194
59
103
425
62.8
56.8
66.2
65.9
58.1
57.1
392
503
157
49
88
373
54.6
47.4
53.9
55.5
49.8
50.1
59
100
36
9
15
52
13.0
16.5
18.7
15.8
14.3
12.3
11.0
14.6
15.4
11.4
10.3
10.4
Maryland....................................................
Massachusetts..........................................
Michigan....................................................
Mississippi.................................................
Missouri .....................................................
Nebraska...................................................
Nevada .....................................................
628
130
812
509
326
34
31
444
89
471
293
199
22
23
70.7
68.3
58.0
57.4
61.1
64.4
74.6
397
84
358
251
170
19
20
63.1
64.8
44.2
49.4
52.0
54.6
65.0
48
5
113
41
30
3
3
10.7
5.1
23.9
14.0
14.9
15.1
12.9
9.4
2.6
21.7
12.2
12.3
8.9
9.5
'_
_
_
-
New Jersey...............................................
New York ..................................................
North Carolina ..........................................
Ohio ..........................................................
Oklahoma..................................................
Pennsylvania.............................................
Rhode Island ............................................
599
1,768
844
719
126
783
22
380
1,011
526
433
72
444
14
63.5
57.2
62.4
60.2
57.2
56.8
63.2
321
886
461
347
64
364
13
53.6
50.1
54.7
48.3
50.6
46.5
56.8
59
125
65
86
8
80
1
15.6
12.4
12.4
19.8
11.4
18.1
10.1
13.4
11.1
10.3
17.7
7.7
15.9
5.4
_
-
South Carolina.......................... ................
Tennessee ................................................
Texas .........................................................
Virginia.......................................................
Washington............. ..................................
Wisconsin..................................................
607
502
1,033
693
68
128
358
293
668
426
45
84
59.1
58.4
64.7
61.5
66.1
65.9
315
247
593
378
38
69
51.9
49.2
57.4
54.6
56.3
53.7
44
46
75
48
7
16
12.2
15.8
11.2
11.2
14.8
18.6
10.3
13.0
9.6
8.8
9.3
13.2
-
18.6
12.8
13.6
20.4
24.1
14.9
17.8
20.5
18.6
16.6
20.1
15.3
16.6
10.3
- 11.8
_
15.1
18.4
21.9
20.2
18.3
- 14.2
_
-
12.1
7.6
26.2
15.8
17.5
21.3
- 16.4
17.8
13.6
14.5
21.9
15.2
20.3
- 14.7
_ 14.1
Men
United S tates.........................................
7,807
5,490
70.3
4,704
60.3
786
14.3
13.7
-
Alabama ....................................................
Arkansas ...................................................
California...................................................
Connecticut...............................................
Delaware ...................................................
District of Columbia ..................................
Florida.......................................................
329
96
564
62
26
145
459
216
59
408
48
19
99
334
65.6
61.8
72.3
77.7
71.0
68.3
72.9
186
51
339
42
16
90
304
56.7
52.8
60.2
67.5
61.8
61.6
66.2
29
9
68
6
2
10
31
13.6
14.6
16.8
13.2
13.0
9.8
9.2
10.8
10.6
14.7
8.1
9.5
8.4
7.2
_ 16.3
18.6
- 18.9
- 18.3
16.5
- 11.3
- 11.2
Georgia......................................................
Illinois........................................................
Indiana.......................................................
Kansas.......................................................
Kentucky....................................................
Louisiana...................................................
309
466
141
41
83
324
223
309
102
30
58
223
72.0
66.3
72.5
74.8
69.7
68.9
202
251
82
25
49
195
65.2
53.8
58.5
61.4
58.9
60.2
21
58
20
5
9
28
9.4
18.8
19.3
17.9
15.5
12.7
6.9
16.0
14.8
11.5
9.9
10.0
_
-
12.0
21.5
23.8
24.3
21.0
15.3
Maryland....................................................
Massachusetts..........................................
Michigan....................................................
Mississippi.................................................
Missouri .....................................................
Nevada ......................................................
288
69
383
233
145
16
229
52
256
156
100
13
79.4
75.4
66.7
66.9
68.7
85.6
202
50
187
139
85
11
70.2
71.8
48.8
59.7
58.7
72.5
26
2
69
17
15
2
11.5
4.7
26.8
10.8
14.6
15.3
9.7
1.6
23.7
8.6
10.9
10.6
_
-
13.4
7.9
29.9
13.0
18.2
20.1
New Jersey...............................................
New York ..................................................
North Carolina..........................................
Ohio ..........................................................
Oklahoma..................................................
Pennsylvania.............................................
261
764
379
330
58
350
194
509
273
227
37
239
74.5
66.6
72.0
68.6
63.2
68.1
163
436
240
176
32
195
62.3
57.0
63.4
53.3
55.0
55.6
32
73
33
51
5
44
16.4
14.4
12.0
22.3
13.0
18.4
13.3
12.5
9.1
19.3
7.4
15.4
_
-
19.5
16.2
14.9
25.4
18.6
21.3
South Carolina..........................................
Tennessee ................................................
Texas .........................................................
Virginia.......................................................
267
220
467
298
187
144
343
213
70.2
65.3
73.4
71.5
165
121
309
193
61.7
54.9
66.2
64.8
23
23
33
20
12.2
15.9
9.7
9.5
9.5
11.9
7.6
6.3
_ 14.8
- 19.9
11.9
” 12.6
See footnotes at end of table.
54
9
Tab!© 9. Labor force status o f the black civilian noninstitutsonal population by State and sex, 1980 annual
averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Population group and State
Civilian labor force
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Women
United S tates.........................................
9,616
5,107
53.1
4,394
45.7
713
14.0
13.4
-
Alabam a....................................................
Arkansas ...................................................
California...................................................
Connecticut...............................................
Delaware...................................................
District of Columbia..................................
Florida........................................................
389
126
698
76
34
179
547
184
55
382
49
19
103
305
47.3
44.2
54.8
64.6
56.0
57.8
55.7
151
46
332
44
16
94
270
38.8
36.8
47.5
57.8
47.6
52.7
49.4
33
9
51
5
3
9
35
18.1
16.8
13.3
10.5
15.1
8.8
11.5
14.8
12.5
11.3
5.9
11.4
7.4
9.2
- 21.4
- 21.1
- 15.3
- 15.1
- 18.8
- 10.2
- 13.7
Georgia......................................................
Illinois........................................................
Indiana.......................................................
Kansas.......................................................
Kentucky....................................................
Louisiana...................................................
408
595
152
49
95
420
228
294
92
28
46
202
55.8
49.4
60.4
58.4
48.0
48.1
190
252
75
25
40
178
46.6
42.4
49.6
50.5
41.9
42.3
38
42
16
4
6
24
16.5
14.1
18.0
13.5
12.8
11.9
13.4
11.6
13.3
7.5
7.0
9.3
- 19.7
- 16.7
- 22.6
- 19.5
- 18.6
- 14.6
340
428
276
181
15
215
215
137
100
10
63.4
50.3
49.5
55.0
63.3
194
171
112
84
9
57.1
40.0
40.7
46.7
57.2
21
44
24
15
1
9.9
20.4
17.7
15.2
9.6
8.1
17.2
14.9
11.5
4.9
- 11.7
- 23.6
- 20.6
- 18.9
- 14.3
New Jersey...............................................
New York .......................... .......................
North Carolina..........................................
Ohio ..........................................................
Oklahoma..................................................
Pennsylvania.............................................
338
1,003
465
389
68
432
186
502
254
206
35
205
54.9
50.1
54.6
53.0
52.0
47.5
158
450
221
171
32
169
46.8
44.9
47.6
44.0
46.9
39.1
28
52
32
35
3
37
14.8
10.4
12.8
17.0
9.8
17.8
11.7
8.7
9.8
14.0
4.8
14.6
- 17.9
- 12.0
- 15.9
- 19.9
- 14.9
- 20.9
South Carolina..........................................
Tennessee ................................................
Texas ........................................................
Virginia.......................................................
340
281
566
395
171
149
325
213
50.4
53.0
57.5
53.9
150
126
284
185
44.2
44.7
50.2
46.9
21
23
42
28
12.2
15.7
12.8
13.0
9.4
11.8
10.3
9.4
-
Maryland....................................................
Michigan....................................................
Mississippi.................................................
Missouri.....................................................
Nevada ......................................................
*
1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which means
that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error range
constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based
on a complete census of the population would be contained within these error ranges.
14.5
14.9
19.6
15.2
16.6
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular State based on the sample in that
State. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
because of rounding.
55
Table 10. Labor force status of the Hispanic-origin population, selected States, by sex and age,
1980 annua! averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
United S tates..........................................
8,570
5,484
64.0
4,931
57.5
Arizona ......................................................
California...................................................
Colorado....................................................
Florida........................................................
Illinois.......................... ..............................
Michigan....................................................
New Jersey...............................................
New M exico..............................................
New York ..................................................
Texas .........................................................
242
2,722
182
599
344
88
269
299
1,080
1,786
157
1,854
130
378
247
55
175
178
575
1,123
64.9
68.1
71.1
63.1
71.8
62.3
64.9
59.5
53.2
62.9
141
1,673
117
347
211
44
149
158
513
1,028
United S tates.........................................
4,114
3,358
81.6
Arizona ......................................................
California ...................................................
Colorado....................................................
Florida........................................................
Illinois......................... .t.............................
New Jersey...............................................
New M exico..............................................
New York ..................................................
Texas ........................................................
122
1,329
91
280
190
117
143
470
874
98
1,127
81
219
169
99
107
339
711
United S ta te s.........................................
4,456
Arizona ......................................................
California ...................................................
Colorado....................................................
Florida........................................................
Illinois........................................................
New Jersey...............................................
New M exico..............................................
New York ..................................................
Texas .........................................................
120
1,393
91
319
155
152
156
611
912
United S tates.........................................
Arizona ......................................................
California ...................................................
Colorado....................................................
Florida.......................................................
Illinois........................................................
New Jersey.......................... ....................
New M exico..............................................
New York .......................................... .......
Texas ........................................................
Population group and State
Rate
Error range of
rate1
554
10.1
9.6
58.2
61.5
64.1
57.8
61.3
50.7
55.3
52.8
47.5
57.6
16
181
13
32
36
10
26
20
62
95
10.2
9.8
9.8
8.4
14.6
18.6
14.7
11.3
10.8
8.4
8.1
9.0
7.4
6.6
11.9
12.6
11.7
9.8
9.2
7.4
3,032
73.7
326
9.7
9.1
-
10.3
80.3
84.8
88.8
78.2
89.2
84.2
75.1
72.1
81.3
88
1,022
73
201
144
85
96
302
657
72.4
76.9
80.1
71.7
76.0
72.6
67.0
64.4
75.2
10
105
8
18
25
14
12
36
53
9.9
9.4
9.9
8.3
14.8
13.8
10.9
10.7
7.5
7.3
8.3
6.9
6.0
11.4
9.7
9.0
8.7
6.2
-
12.6
10.4
12.9
10.6
18.1
17.8
12.8
12.7
8.8
2,127
47.7
1,899
42.6
228
10.7
9.9
-
11.5
59
727
49
159
78
76
71
236
412
49.3
52.2
53.5
49.8
50.5
50.1
45.3
38.7
45.2
53
651
44
145
67
64
62
210
371
43.9
46.7
48.3
45.6
43.2
42.0
39.9
34.5
40.7
6
76
5
13
11
12
8
26
41
10.8
10.4
9.7
8.5
14.3
16.0
11.9
10.9
10.0
7.3
9.1
5.9
5.8
9.5
11.2
9.5
8.5
8.1
3,531
2,999
84.9
2,751
77.9
248
8.3
7.7
-
8.9
104
1,143
78
254
158
104
125
391
744
88
1,003
71
203
146
93
98
313
625
84.3
87.8
91.2
79.9
92.0
89.3
78.1
79.9
84.0
81
921
66
188
127
81
88
286
588
77.5
80.6
83.8
74.2
80.1
77.5
70.7
73.1
79.1
8.0
8.2
8.1
7.1
12.9
13.2
9.5
8.5
5.9
5.5
7.2
5.2
4.9
9.5
9.1
7.6
6.6
4.7
-
10.6
9.2
11.1
9.4
16.3
17.3
11.4
10.4
7.1
United S tates.........................................
3,895
1,907
49.0
1,734
44.5
173
9.1
8.3
-
9.9
Arizona ......................................................
California ...................................................
Colorado....................................................
Florida.......................................................
Illinois........................................................
New Jersey...............................................
New M exico..............................................
New York .............. ...................................
Texas ........................................................
99
1,219
79
288
132
132
134
532
797
48
.644
43
144
71
67
60
220
366
48.9
52.9
54.8
50.0
53.8
51.0
45.1
41.3
45.9
45
588
40
132
63
57
55
199
335
45.8
48.2
50.2
45.9
47.2
43.5
40.7
37.4
42.0
3
56
4
12
9
10
6
21
31
6.3
8.7
8.5
8.4
12.2
14.8
9.7
9.5
8.6
3.2
7.4
4.6
5.5
7.4
9.8
7.3
7.1
6.7
-
9.4
10.0
12.3
11.2
17.0
19.8
12.1
11.9
10.5
United S tates.........................................
1,153
583
50.6
453
39.3
130
22.2
20.3
-
24.1
California...................................................
New M exico..............................................
Texas ........................................................
361
40
245
207
20
132
57.4
50.0
53.7
165
15
105
45.6
37.6
43.0
42
5
26
20.5
24.8
20.0
17.4
19.2
15.7
- 23.6
- 30.5
- 24.4
Number
Total, 16 years and over
-
10.6
- 12.4
- 10.6
- 12.2
- 10.2
- 17.4
- 24.6
- 17.8
- 12.8
- 12.3
9.5
Men
Women
- 14.3
- 11.7
- 13.5
- 11.2
- 19.2
- 20.8
- 14.3
- 13.3
- 11.9
Men, 20 years and over
7
82'
6
14
19
12
9
27
37
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
1
Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which means
that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error range
constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based
on a complete census of the population would be contained within these error ranges.
56
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular State based on the sample in that
State. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
because of rounding.
Table 11. Full- and part-time status of the Hispanic labor force, selected States, by sex, 1980 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and State
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Number
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
Percent of
part-time
labor force
Number
Total, 16 years and over
United States ..............................................
4,915
4,138
298
479
9.8
570
495
74
13.1
Arizona...........................................................
California........................................................
Colorado.........................................................
Florida............................................................
Illinois.............................................................
Michigan .........................................................
New Jersey ....................................................
New Mexico ...................................................
New Y ork........................................................
Texas .............................................................
135
1,667
113
335
228
47
162
152
527
999
114
1,391
95
296
183
34
133
126
457
850
8
117
8
12
12
5
4
9
16
69
14
159
11
28
33
9
24
16
54
79
10.2
9.5
9.5
8.3
14.3
18.9
15.1
10.9
10.2
7.9
ft
188
(2)
(2)
f2
)
(2)
(2)
26
48
124
(2)
165
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
23
40
108
(2)
23
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
4
8
16
ft
12.0
ft
ft
ft
ft
13.7
16.9
13.0
United States ..............................................
3,138
2,689
157
292
9.3
219
186
33
15.2
Arizona...........................................................
California........................................................
Colorado........................................................
Florida............................................................
Illinois.............................................................
New Jersey ....................................................
New Mexico ...................................................
New Y ork........................................................
Texas .............................................................
91
1,061
75
199
162
94
99
320
655
78
904
65
176
132
78
84
282
571
4
61
3
8
7
3
4
7
38
9
96
7
15
23
13
10
32
46
9.8
9.0
9.7
7.7
14.3
13.9
10.5
9.9
7.1
(2)
67
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
<
2)
<
2)
56
(2)
57
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
49
(2)
10
(2)
(2)
(2)
I2
)
(2)
(2)
7
(2)
14.3
United States ..............................................
1,776
1,449
140
187
10.5
351
310
41
11.7
Arizona...........................................................
California........................................................
Colorado........................................................
Florida............................................................
Illinois.............................................................
New Jersey ....................................................
New Mexico ...................................................
New Y ork.......................................................
Texas .............................................................
44
606
38
136
66
68
53
206
344
36
487
30
120
51
55
43
175
280
4
56
4
4
5
1
5
10
32
5
63
3
12
9
11
6
22
32
10.9
10.4
8.9
9.1
14.4
16.9
11.5
10.7
9.4
I2)
121
I2
)
(2)
(2)
(2)
17
(2)
69
(2)
108
(2)
(2)
(2)
f2
)
15
(2)
60
(2)
13
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2
)
2
ft
9
10.7
(2)
(2)
<
2)
ft
12.9
(2)
13.2
ft
Men
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
(2)
12.6
Women
*
1 Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately
among the full- and part-time employed categories.
2 Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for a particular State based on the sample in that
ft
State. See appendix B.
NOTE: Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of
rounding.
Table 12. Occupational distribution of employed persons of Hispanic origin, selected States, 1980 annua!
averages
(Percent of total employment)
Employment
Population group and State
White-collar workers
Mana
Profes
gers and
sional adminis
Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
Total
United States.......................................
4,931
100.0
34.2
7.9
6.4
Arizona...................................................
California................................................
Colorado................................................
Florida....................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Michigan ................................................
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y ork...............................................
Texas .....................................................
141
1,673
117
347
211
44
149
158
513
1,028
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
31.9
31.6
34.4
44.7
22.5
35.4
30.3
42.6
38.5
32.1
6.2
6.7
8.4
8.7
5.8
10.5
8.3
12.3
7.8
7.1
5.3
5.6
5.6
10.2
2.9
7.1
7.3
8.3
6.1
6.0
NOTE: Data are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of
reliability for the particular State based on the sample in that State. See appendix B.
Blue-collar workers
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
kindred
except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Total
3.9
16.0
45.5
13.7
20.9
3.9
7.0
16.4
3.8
5.2
3.4
2.9
6.5
2.9
1.7
2.8
4.6
3.7
4.2
15.1
15.9
17.5
19.3
10.8
16.2
11.9
17.4
20.9
14.8
44.6
46.6
45.5
41.1
56.7
49.4
59.4
35.8
39.1
48.5
16.8
12.9
15.4
14.6
10.3
10.0
12.7
14.4
10.2
18.0
14.7
23.1
15.9
17.0
38.7
29.0
37.1
8.8
21.9
16.8
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.6
2.1
5.5
4.1
4.3
3.3
4.9
9.5
7.0
10.6
4.9
5.7
4.9
5.4
8.3
3.6
8.9
18.9
15.4
17.8
12.7
20.6
11.4
9.6
17.1
22.1
16.0
4.6
6.4
2.3
1.6
.2
3.8
.8
4.5
.3
3.4
Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of rounding,
57
Farm
workers
Clerical
workers
Section S I Metropolitan Area and City Estimates from
S
tlh® Current Population Survey
58
Table 13. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over in 30 large metropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
' Unemployment
Employment
Civilian labor force
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Anaheim-Santa AnaGarden Grove SMSA
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
1,435
689
746
625
677
133
964
556
408
515
368
82
67.2
80.6
54.7
82.3
54.3
61.4
931
540
391
504
354
73
64.9
78.3
52.4
80.5
52.3
55.0
33
16
17
11
14
8
3.4
2.8
4.2
2.2
3.7
10.4
2.8
2.0
3.1
1.4
2.6
6.7
-
4.1
3.6
5.4
2.9
4.8
14.1
W hite.........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,365
656
709
596
645
124
915
529
385
491
346
78
67.0
80.7
54.3
82.5
53.6
62.5
885
516
369
482
333
69
64.8
78.6
52.1
80.9
51.7
55.6
30
14
16
9
12
8
3.3
2.6
4.2
1.8
3.6
11.0
2.6
1.8
3.0
1.2
2.5
7.1
-
3.9
3.4
5.3
2.5
4.7
14.8
Black and other.........................................
70
49
70.1
46
65.5
3
6.5
2.5
-
10.5
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
347
841
423
418
264
558
347
211
76.1
66.3
82.0
50.5
249
545
342
203
71.6
64.8
80.9
48.6
16
13
5
8
5.9
2.2
1.3
3.8
4.3
1.5
.6
2.3
-
7.6
3.0
2.0
5.2
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
1,389
670
719
599
656
134
952
540
412
496
381
75
68.5
80.6
57.3
82.9
58.1
55.5
895
516
379
478
353
64
64.4
77.0
52.7
79.8
53.9
47.4
57
24
33
18
28
11
6.0
4.4
7.9
3.6
7.3
14.6
5.1
3.5
6.5
2.7
5.8
10.2
-
6.8
5.4
9.4
4.6
8.8
19.0
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
1,141
554
587
494
538
110
776
452
324
413
298
66
68.0
81.5
55.2
83.5
55.4
59.9
738
433
305
399
282
58
64.7
78.1
52.0
80.7
52.4
53.0
38
19
19
14
16
8
4.9
4.1
6.0
3.4
5.5
11.6
4.0
3.1
4.5
2.4
4.0
7.3
-
5.8
5.2
7.4
4.4
6.9
15.9
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
248
116
132
105
118
176
88
88
83
83
70.9
76.0
66.5
79.6
70.5
157
83
74
79
72
63.3
71.3
56.3
75.8
60.7
19
5
13
4
12
10.7
6.2
15.3
4.8
13.8
8.1
3.3
11.1
2.2
9.7
-
13.3
9.1
19.5
7.5
18.0
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
319
844
427
417
217
599
371
228
68.1
70.9
86.9
54.6
196
573
360
213
61.4
67.9
84.2
51.2
21
25
11
14
9.9
4.2
3.0
6.2
7.6
3.3
2.0
4.5
-
12.1
5.2
4.0
8.0
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,615
769
846
689
770
156
1,084
617
467
567
423
94
67.1
80.3
55.2
82.3
55.0
60.6
1,004
572
432
531
396
77
62.2
74.4
51.1
77.1
51.5
49.2
80
45
35
36
27
18
7.4
7.4
7.4
6.3
6.3
18.7
6.7
6.4
6.4
5.4
5.3
15.4
8.1
8.3
8.5
7.2
7.4
- 22.0
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,242
602
640
543
588
111
835
488
347
448
312
74
67.2
81.1
54.1
82.6
53.0
66.9
787
461
326
428
295
63
63.3
76:6T
50.9
78.8
50.2
56.9
48
27
21
21
16
11
5.8
5.6
6.0
4.6
5.3
14.9
5.1
4.7
4.9
3.7
4.2
11.5
-
6.5
6.5
7.1
5.5
6.4
18.4
Black and o th e r........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
373
167
205
146
182
250
129
121
119
218
111
67.0
77.3
58.7
81.0
61.1
101
58.4
66.5
51.9
70.6
55.5
32
18
14
15
10
12.8
14.0
11.5
12.9
9.2
10.9
11.3
9.0
10.2
6.8
-
14.7
16.6
14.1
15.5
11.7
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
407
922
465
457
291
635
392
244
71.4
68.9
84.2
53.3
248
611
379
231
60.8
66.2
81.6
50.6
43
24
12
12
14.8
3.8
3.1
5.0
13.1
3.2
2.3
3.8
-
16.6
4.5
3.9
6.3
Atlanta SMSA
Baltimore SMSA
111
107
103
See footnotes at end of table.
59
Table 13. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
2,179
1,021
1,158
919
1,055
205
1,448
807
641
750
574
124
66.4
79.0
55.3
81.6
54.4
60.3
1,372
764
608
714
550
108
63.0
74.8
52.5
77.8
52.1
52.7
White.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
2,043
950
1,093
858
994
191
1,356
755
601
701
537
118
66.4
79.5
55.0
81.7
54.0
61.9
1,285
714
571
668
514
103
Black and other........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
136
71
65
61
92
5?
40
49
67.5
73.2
61.2
80.4
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 ......................
681
1,156
581
575
502
783
487
296
T o ta l..........................................................
M e n .......................... !.............................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
985
468
517
417
460
108
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
899
426
473
383
423
93
Area and population group
Rate
Error range of
rate1
75
43
33
35
24
16
5.2
5.3
5.1
4.7
4.3
12.7
4.6
4.5
4.2
3.9
3.4
9.7
62.9
75.2
52.2
77.8
51.7
54.0
71
41
30
33
22
15
5.2
5.4
5.0
4.8
4.1
12.8
4.6
4.6
4.1
3.9
3.2
9.7
87
50
37
47
64.0
70.2
57.3
77.4
5
2
3
2
5.1
4.1
6.4
3.7
2.7
1.2
2.4
.8
73.7
67.7
83.8
51.4
461
756
472
285
67.6
65.4
81.1
49.5
41
26
15
11
8.2
3.4
3.2
3.7
7.0
2.7
2.3
2.6
612
360
253
330
223
59
62.2
76.8
48.9
79.1
48.6
54.5
550
321
229
299
206
45
55.8
68.5
44.3
71.6
44.7
42.0
63
39
24
31
18
14
10.2
10.8
9.4
9.5
7.9
23.0
561
332
229
305
202
53
62.3
77.8
48.3
79.6
47.8
57.3
510
301
209
280
187
43
56.7
70.5
44.2
73.0
44.3
46.0
51
31
20
25
15
11
9.1
9.4
8.6
8.3
7.3
19.7
Number
Boston SMSA
_
-
_
-
-
_
-
5.8
6.1
6.0
5.5
5.1
15.6
5.8
6.2
5.9
5.6
5.0
15.8
7.5
7.0
10.5
6.5
-
9.5
4.0
4.0
4.9
9.1
9.3
7.7
8.0
6.2
18.3
_
-
11.4
12.3
11.1
11.0
9.6
27.6
7.9
7.9
6.8
6.9
5.6
15.0
_ 10.2
10.9
10.3
9.8
9.0
24.5
-
-
Buffalo SMSA
Black and o ther........................................
86
52
60.7
40
46.9
12
22.7
17.6
-
27.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
291
554
278
275
196
359
227
132
67.3
64.7
81.6
47.8
165
334
210
123
56.7
60.2
75.6
44.7
31
25
17
8
15.8
7.0
7.3
6.4
13.5
5.7
5.7
4.4
-
18.2
8.2
8.9
8.4
To ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ..................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
5,207
2,486
2,721
2,220
2,463
524
3,436
1,976
1,460
1,820
1,321
295
66.0
79.5
53.7
82.0
53.6
56.3
3,150
1,805
1,346
1,688
1,228
234
60.5
72.6
49.4
76.1
49.8
44.7
286
171
115
132
93
61
8.3
8.7
7.9
7.3
7.0
20.6
7.8
8.0
7.1
6.6
6.2
18.1
_ 8.8
9.4
8.6
7.9
7.8
- 23.0
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
4,191
2,029
2,162
1,828
1,968
395
2,836
1,663
1,173
1,531
1,050
255
67.7
82.0
54.3
83.7
53.3
64.7
2,640
1,546
1,094
1,439
986
214
63.0
76.2
50.6
78.7
50.1
54.2
196
117
79
92
63
41
6.9
7.1
6.7
6.0
6.0
16.1
6.4
6.4
5.9
5.3
5.2
13.7
Black and other........................................
Men ............................ ............................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
1,016
456
560
391
496
600
313
288
290
271
59.1
68.5
51.4
74.0
54.7
510
259
252
249
241
50.2
56.7
44.9
63.6
48.7
90
54
36
41
30
15.0
17.2
12.5
14.0
11.0
13.4
14.9
10.4
11.8
8.8
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
1,487
2,831
1,430
1,401
1,028
1,933
1,222
710
69.1
68.3
85.5
50.7
886
1,832
1,163
669
59.6
64.7
81.3
47.8
142
100
60
41
13.8
5.2
4.9
5.8
12.7
4.6
4.2
4.8
-
Chicago SMSA
See footnotes at end of table.
60
_
-
-
-
"
7.4
7.8
7.5
6.7
6.8
18.6
16.6
19.5
14.7
16.3
13.1
15.0
5.8
5.6
6.7
Table 13. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian non
institutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Cincinnati SMSA
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
1,039
482
557
435
503
101
662
383
279
353
250
59
63.7
79.3
50.2
81.1
49.7
58.7
607
355
253
330
229
48
58.4
73.5
45.4
75.9
45.5
47.4
55
28
27
23
21
11
8.3
7.3
9.6
6.4
8.3
19.2
7.4
6.3
8.2
5.4
7.0
15.5
9.1
8.4
- 10.9
7.4
9.7
- 22.9
W hite........... ..............................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
924
433
491
394
446
84
593
346
246
321
221
50
64.1
80.1
50.1
81.6
49.5
60.0
552
325
227
304
206
42
59.7
75.1
46.2
77.1
46.1
50.4
41
21
19
18
15
8
6.9
6.2
7.8
5.4
6.8
15.9
6.0
5.2
6.5
4.5
5.5
12.1
-
7.7
7.2
9.1
6.4
8.2
19.7
Black and other.........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
115
50
65
41
57
69
36
33
32
29
60.5
73.0
50.9
76.8
51.1
55
30
26
26
23
48.1
59.6
39.4
64.4
41.0
14
7
8
5
6
20.5
18.4
22.7
16.2
19.8
16.9
13.6
17.4
11.2
14.3
-
24.0
23.3
27.9
21.1
25.3
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
241
619
313
306
167
406
258
148
69.5
65.6
82.6
48.2
146
383
246
137
60.6
61.8
78.6
44.6
22
23
12
11
12.9
5.7
4.8
7.4
10.9
4.8
3.7
5.8
-
14.8
6.7
5.8
9.1
Tota l...........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
1,449
670
779
601
707
141
935
533
402
489
363
82
64.5
79.5
51.7
81.4
51.4
58.3
855
486
369
450
337
68
59.0
72.5
47.4
74.8
47.7
48.3
80
47
33
40
27
14
8.6
8.8
8.3
8.1
7.3
17.1
7.8
7.7
7.1
7.0
6.1
13.6
9.4
9.9
9.5
9.2
8.5
- 20.6
W hite.........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
1,210
564
646
508
587
116
794
458
336
420
301
73
65.6
81.2
51.9
82.7
51.2
63.4
740
428
313
395
283
63
61.2
75.8
48.4
77.7
48.2
54.5
53
30
23
25
18
10
6.7
6.6
6.8
6.0
5.9
14.0
5.9
5.6
5.6
5.0
4.7
10.5
-
Black and other.........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r............. 7™......
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
238
106
133
93
120
141
75
67
69
63
59.3
70.4
50.3
74.4
52.6
114
58
56
55
54
48.0
54.8
42.5
59.2
45.1
27
17
10
14
9
19.0
22.2
15.6
20.5
14.2
16.2
18.1
11.7
16.4
10.3
- 21.9
- 26.2
- 19.4
- 24.5
- 18.0
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
383
811
410
402
270
535
345
190
70.6
65.9
84.3
47.2
234
505
325
180
61.1
62.2
79.3
44.8
36
30
21
10
13.4
5.7
5.9
5.2
11.6
4.8
4.8
3.8
-
15.2
6.6
7.1
6.6
T o ta l............................................... ...........
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
2,115
1,029
1,086
930
976
209
1,507
869
639
801
577
130
71.3
84.4
58.8
86.1
59.1
62.0
1,441
836
605
779
553
109
68.1
81.3
55.7
83.7
56.7
52.1
66
33
33
22
23
21
4.4
3.8
5.2
2.8
4.0
15.9
3.9
3.1
4.3
2.2
3.2
12.8
-
4.9
4.4
6.1
3.4
4.9
19.0
W hite..........................................................
Men ................................................... .....
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
1,802
878
924
798
836
168
1,289
753
536
696
485
108 5
71.5
85.8
58.0
87.2
58.0
64.6
1,247
732
515
681
469
96
69.2
83.4
55.7
85.4
56.1
57.4
42
21
21
14
16
12
3.3
2.8
4.0
2.1
3.3
11.1
2.8
2.2
3.1
1.5
2.5
8.1
-
3.8
3.4
4.8
2.6
4.2
14.1
Black and other.........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
313
151
163
132
140
219
116
103
106
92
69.7
76.7
63.3
79.9
65.6
195
104
91
98
84
62.1
68.9
55.8
73.8
60.5
24
12
12
8
7
10.9
10.2
11.8
7.7
7.8
8.8
7.3
8.5
5.0
4.9
-
13.1
13.0
15.0
10.3
10.7
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
468
1,291
650
641
347
923
566
357
74.2
71.5
87.1
55.7
316
900
557
343
67.5
69.7
85.7
53.5
31
23
9
14
9.0
2.5
1.6
4.0
7.5
2.0
1.0
2.9
-
10.6
3.0
2.1
5.0
Cleveland SMSA
7.5
7.7
8.1
7.1
7.1
17.5
Dallas-Fort Worth SMSA
See footnotes at end of table.
61
*
Table 13. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and o ver in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Denver-Boulder SMSA
Tota l...........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
.Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
1,194
570
624
509
564
121
866
480
386
440
348
78
72.6
84.1
62.0
86.5
61.6 ■
64.8
823
460
363
426
331
66
68.9
80.6
58.2
83.7
58.7
54.2
44
20
24
14
17
13
5.0
4.2
6.1
3.3
4.8
16.3
4.3
3.3
4.9
2.4
3.7
12.4
-
5.8
5.1
7.3
4.1
5.9
20.1
W hite..........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
1,125
539
586
482
530
113
815
455
360
418
323
75
72.5
84.4
61.5
86.7
61.0
65.9
778
436
342
404
311
63
69.2
80.9
58.3
83.8
58.6
56.1
37
19
18
14
12
11
4.6
4.1
5.1
3.3
3.8
14.9
3.8
3.2
4.0
2.4
2.8
11.1
-
5.3
5.0
6.2
4.1
4.9
18.7
Black and other.........................................
69
51
73.9
44
64.3
7
12.9
8.4
-
17.4
Single (never married) ...............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
316
681
344
338
246
493
302
191
77.7
72.4
87.9
56.7
221
481
297
184
69.8
70.5
86.4
54.4
25
13
5
8
10.2
2.6
1.7
4.0
8.4
1.9
1.0
2.7
-
12.1
3.3
2.4
5.4
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
3,259
1,567
1,692
1,384
1,521
354
2,058
1,210
848
1,098
752
208
63.2
77.2
50.1
79.3
49.4
58.9
1,782
1,037
745
956
669
157
54.7
66.2
44.0
69.1
44.0
44.3
276
173
103
142
83
52
13.4
14.3
12.2
12.9
11.1
24.8
12.7
13.3
11.0
11.9
9.9
22.0
-
14.2
15.3
13.3
13.9
12.2
27.5
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
2,627
1,272
1,355
1,126
1,218
282
1,686
1,010
676
914
595
177
64.2
79.4
49.9
81.2
48.8
62.8
1,504
895
609
822
541
140
57.2
70.4
44.9
73.0
44.4
49.8
182
115
67
92
53
37
10.8
11.4
9.9
10.1
9.0
20.7
10.0
10.4
8.8
9.1
7.8
17.8
- 11.6
- 12.4
- 11.1
- 11.1
- 10.2
- 23.6
Black and o th e r........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
632
296
337
257
303
372
200
172
184
158
58.9
67.7
51.2
71.3
52.0
278
142
136
134
128
44.0
48.1
40.5
52.2
42.1
94
58
36
49
30
25.3
29.0
20.9
26.8
18.9
23.1
26.0
17.9
23.7
15.8
-
Single (never married)............ .................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
861
1,845
933
912
590
1,206
763
442
68.6
65.3
81.9
48.5
466
1,098
697
402
54.1
59.5
74.7
44.0
124
108
67
41
21.1
8.9
8.8
9.2
19.4
8.1
7.7
7.8
- 22.7
9.8
9.8
- 10.6
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs.......................
1,998
992
1,006
895
902
201
1,397
840
557
778
500
118
69.9
84.7
55.3
87.0
55.5
58.8
1,324
805
519
752
471
101
66.3
81.2
51.6
84.1
52.2
50.1
73
35
38
26
30
18
5.2
4.1
6.8
3.3
5.9
14.8
4.6
3.4
5.8
2.6
4.9
11.7
-
5.8
4.8
7.9
3.9
6.9
17.9
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r........ ..........
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs .......................
1,631
819
812
741
729
161
1,143
702
441
650
395
98
70.1
85.7
54.3
87.8
54.1
61.2
1,096
679
417
633
377
86
67.2
82.9
51.4
85.5
51.7
53.7
47
23
24
17
18
12
4.1
3.3
5.4
2.6
4.5
12.2
3.5
2.6
4.4
2.0
3.5
9.0
-
4.7
3.9
6.5
3.3
5.5
15.4
Black and o ther........................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
367
173
195
154
173
254
138
116
128
106
69.0
79.8
59.5
83.0
61.2
228
126
102
119
94
62.0
73.1
52.2
77.5
54.4
26
12
14
8
12
10.1
8.4
12.2
6.6
11.2
8.3
6.1
9.2
4.4
8.1
-
12.0
10.8
15.2
8.8
14.2
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
469
1,184
598
587
344
824
532
292
73.4
69.6
89.0
49.8
315
793
519
274
67.2
66.9
86.8
46.7
29
31
13
18
8.4
3.8
2.5
6.1
7.0
3.1
1.8
4.7
-
9.9
4.4
3.2
7.4
Detroit SMSA
27.4
32.0
24.0
29.9
22.0
Houston SMSA
See footnotes at end of table.
62
Table 13. Labor fo rce status o f the civilian no ninstitutio nal population 16 years and over in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large citie s by s@&, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian non
institutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Unemployment
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Indianapolis SMSA
T o ta l..........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
857
411
446
364
403
91
579
322
257
294
233
52
67.6
78.3
57.7
80.9
57.8
57.6
532
293
239
270
218
43
62.0
71.2
53.5
74.4
54.2
47.2
48
29
18
24
14
9
8.2
9.0
7.2
8.1
6.2
18.0
7.2
7.6
5.7
6.6
4.7
13.4
9.3
- 10.5
8.7
9.6
7.6
- 22.5
W hite.........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
735
351
384
312
347
76
500
281
220
256
197
47
68.1
79.9
57.3
82.1
56.9
61.6
465
261
205
240
186
40
63.4
74.2
53.4
76.8
53.7
52.1
35
20
15
17
11
7
6.9
7.1
6.7
6.5
5.6
15.4
5.9
5.7
5.1
5.0
4.1
10.8
8.0
8.5
8.2
7.9
7.1
- 20.0
Black and other........................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
122
60
62
52
56
79
42
38
38
36
64.6
69.0
60.3
73.6
63.7
66
32
34
31
32
54.1
53.9
54.2
59.4
57.6
13
9
4
7
3
16.3
21.9
10.1
19.2
9.5
12.5
16.3
5.5
13.6
5.0
- 20.0
- 27.4
- 14.6
- 24.8
- 14.1
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
192
514
260
254
133
354
215
139
69.4
68.9
82.5
54.9
114
333
202
131
59.6
64.8
77.7
51.6
19
21
13
8
14.2
5.9
5.8
6.1
11.6
4.8
4.4
4.2
-
16.9
7.1
7.3
7.9
T o ta l..........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
999
484
515
436
473
90
685
388
297
356
271
58
68.5
80.2
57.6
81.7
57.2
64.3
639
366
273
339
251
49
64.0
75.6
53.0
77.8
53.0
54.9
46
22
24
17
20
8
6.7
5.7
7.9
4.9
7.3
14.7
6.0
4.8
6.8
4.0
6.2
11.4
-
7.4
6.6
9.1
5.7
8.5
18.0
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women .................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
874
424
450
381
416
78
601
344
257
316
234
51
68.8
81.2
57.1
82.9
56.3
65.9
568
328
241
303
220
45
65.0
77.4
53.4
79.6
53.0
58.2
33
16
16
13
14
6
5.4
4.7
6.4
4.0
6.0
11.8
4.8
3.9
5.3
3.2
4.8
8.5
-
6.1
5.6
7.5
4.8
7.1
15.0
Black and o ther........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
125
60
65
55
58
84
44
40
40
36
66.9
72.6
61.5
73.5
63.2
71
38
33
36
31
56.5
63.0
50.4
65.1
53.1
13
6
7
5
6
15.5
13.3
17.9
11.5
16.0
12.6
9.5
13.6
7.8
11.7
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ...........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
215
616
312
304
164
427
261
166
76.2
69.4
83.6
54.8
145
406
251
155
67.7
65.9
80.4
51.1
18
21
10
11
11.1
5.0
3.8
6.8
9.4
4.2
2.9
5.3
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
5,353
2,539
2,814
2,283
2,560
510
3,601
2,038
1,564
1,872
1,431
299
67.3
•80.3
55.6
82.0
55.9
58.6
3,364
1,899
1,465
1,771
1,354
239
62.9
74.8
52.1
77.6
52.9
46.9
237
138
99
100
77
60
6.6
6.8
6.3
5.3
5.4
20.0
6.1
6.2
5.6
4.8
4.7
17.6
7.0
7.4
7.0
5.9
6.1
- 22.4
W hite.........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
4,374
2,101
2,274
1,894
2,076
405
2,973
1,708
1,264
1,569
1,155
248
68.0
81.3
55.6
82.9
55.6
61.3
2,802
1,607
1,196
1,496
1,102
205
64.1
76.5
52.6
79.0
53.1
50.6
170
101
69
74
53
44
5.7
5.9
5.4
4.7
4.6
17.5
5.2
5.3
4.7
4.1
3.9
15.0
6.2
6.6
6.2
5.3
5.3
- 20.1
Black and other........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
978
438
541
389
485
104
628
329
299
302
276
50
64.2
75.2
55.4
77.6
57.0
47.9
562
292
270
276
252
34
57.4
66.8
49.9
70.8
52.1
32.5
66
37
30
26
24
16
10.6
11.2
9.9
8.8
8.6
32.2
9.2
9.2
8.0
6.9
6.7
25.8
- 12.0
- 13.1
- 11.9
- 10.6
- 10.6
- 38.6
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
1,560
2,740
1,376
1,364
1,158
1,857
1,155
702
74.2
67.8
84.0
§1.5
1,028
1,784
1,114
670
65.9
65.1
81.0
49.1.
130
74
41
32
11.2
4.0
3.6
4.6
10.2
3.4
3.0
3.7
-
Kansas City SMSA
- 18.4
- 17.0
- 22.3
- 15.2
- 20.4
-
12.9
5.7
4.7
8.2
Los AngelesLong Beach SMSA
See footnotes at end of table.
63
12.2
4.5
4.2
5.5
Table 13. Labor fo rce status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and o ver in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and m arital status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Miami SMSA
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,158
542
616
488
561
108
717
404
313
376
288
54
61.9
74.6
50.8
76.9
51,2
49.4
672
379
293
355
272
45
58.0
69.9
47.5
72.7
48.4
41.6
45
25
20
21
16
8
6.3
6.2
6.4
5.5
5.6
15.8
5.4
5.0
5.0
4.3
4.2
11.0
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
913
424
489
384
454
75
550
313
237
290
219
41
60.2
73.8
48.4
75.5
48.2
54.5
516
295
221
275
204
36
56.5
69.5
45.1
71.6
45.0
48.3
34
18
16
15
15
5
6.2
5.8
6.8
5.1
6.7
11.4
5.2
4.4
5.2
3.8
5.0
6.6
-
7.3
7.1
8.5
6.4
8.4
16.3
Black and other.........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
245
118
127
104
107
167
91
76
05
69
68.2
77.3
59.8
82.2
64.2
156
84
72
80
67
63.7
71.4
56.6
76.6
62.9
11
7
4
6
1
6.5
7.6
5.3
6.7
2.1
4.6
4.8
2.6
3.9
.3
-
8.5
10.4
7.9
9.5
3.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
271
648
328
320
174
419
255
164
64.2
64.6
77.6
51.2
159
394
241
153
58.7
60.7
73.4
47.8
15
25
14
11
8.4
5.9
5.5
6.6
6.3
4.8
4.0
4.7
-
10.6
7.1
6.9
8.6
T o ta l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,088
522
566
467
505
116
748
423
325
387
286
75
68.7
81.1
57.4
82.9
56.5
65.2
701
396
305
366
270
65
64.5
76.0
53.8
78.4
53.5
56.2
47
27
20
21
15
10
6.2
6.3
6.2
5.5
5.3
13.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
4.6
4.4
11.0
-
6.9
7.1
7.2
6.3
6.3
16.6
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
991
478
513
430
459
102
687
391
296
358
259
70
69.3
81.7
57.8
83.2
56.5
68.6
651
370
281
341
248
62
65.7
77.3
54.8
79.3
54.0
60.3
36
21
15
17
11
9
5.3
5.4
5.1
4.7
4.3
12.1
4.7
4.6
4.2
3.9
3.4
9.4
-
5.9
6.2
6.1
5.5
5.2
14.8
Black and other.........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
97
43
54
37
47
61
32
29
30
26
62.8
73.8
54.0
78.9
56.7
51
27
24
25
22
52.2
61.3
44.8
67.1
48.0
10
5
5
4
4
17.0
16.9
17.0
15.0
15.3
13.6
12.3
12.1
10.3
10.3
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
297
636
322
314
222
444
272
172
74.7
69.8
84.6
54.6
200
426
262
164
67.2
67.0
81.6
52.2
22
17
10
8
10.0
3.9
3.6
4.4
8.6
3.2
2.8
3.3
-
11.4
4.6
4.4
5.6
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs.......................
1,554
745
809
660
727
167
1,152
633
518
570
453
129
74.1
85.0
64.1
86.3
62.3
77.1
1,100
605
495
548
437
115
70.8
81.2
61.2
83.0
60.1
68.7
52
28
23
22
16
14
4.5
4.5
4.5
3.8
3.6
10.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
2.9
2.6
7.8
-
5.2
5.4
5.5
4.7
4.6
13.8
W hite..........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
1,500
719
781
638
703
160
1,114
615
499
554
437
123
74.2
85.5
63.9
86.8
62.1
77.2
1,066
589
477
534
422
111
71.1
81.9
61.1
83.7
60.0
69.5
47
26
21
20
15
12
4.3
4.2
4.3
3.6
3.4
9.9
3.6
3.3
3.3
2.7
2.4
7.0
-
4.9
5.1
5.3
4.5
4.4
12.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
462
885
446
439
382
650
389
261
82.7
73.5
87.2
59.5
356
631
380
251
77.0
71.3
85.1
57.2
27
19
9
10
7.0
3.0
2.4
3.9
5.5
2.2
1.5
2.5
-
8.4
3.7
3.2
5.2
7.2
7.4
7.8
6.7
7.0
- 20.5
Milwaukee SMSA.
- 20.3
- 21.6
- 21.9
- 19.6
- 20.2
Minneapolis-St. Paul LMA3
See footnotes at end of table.
64
Table 13. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment
Civilian labor force
Unemployment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
T o ta l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
2,019
973
1,046
860
941
219
1,293
768
524
701
473
118
64.0
78.9
50.1
81.5
50.3
54.2
1,220
731
489
675
446
99
60.4
75.1
46.8
78.5
47.4
45.4
73
38
35
26
27
19
5.6
4.9
6.7
3.7
5.7
16.3
4.9
4.0
5.4
2.9
4.5
12.7
-
6.3
5.8
7.9
4.6
6.9
19.9
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,901
916
984
810
887
203
1,209
724
484
660
438
111
63.6
79.1
49.2
81.5
49.3
54.4
1,144
690
454
637
413
94
60.2
75.3
46.1
78.6
46.6
46.2
65
34
30
24
24
17
5.3
4.7
6.2
3.6
5.5
15.2
4.6
3.9
5.0
2.8
4.3
11.5
-
6.1
5.6
7.5
4.4
6.8
18.8
Black and other........................................
118
84
71.0
76
64.3
8
9.5
5.9
-
13.0
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
533
1,235
623
612
365
799
518
281
68.5
64.7
83.1
46.0
327
772
506
266
61.3
62.5
81.2
43.4
38
28
12
16
10.4
3.5
2.3
5.6
8.7
2.7
1.6
4.1
-
12.2
4.2
3.1
7.2
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
6,287
2,817
3,469
2,546
3,172
569
3,564
1,999
1,564
1,899
1,471
194
56.7
71.0
45.1
74.6
46.4
34.1
3,271
1,831
1,439
1,760
1,369
142
52.0
65.0
41.5
69.1
43.2
25.0
293
168
125
139
102
52
8.2
8.4
8.0
7.3
6.9
26.7
7.7
7.7
7.3
6.7
6.2
23.7
8.7
9.1
8.7
8.0
7.7
- 29.7
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
4,622
2,100
2,521
1,920
2,328
374
2,630
1,525
1,105
1,447
1,033
150
56.9
72.6
43.8
75.4
44.4
40.1
2,439
1,417
1,022
1,359
965
115
52.8
67.5
40.5
70.8
41.5
30.9
191
108
83
88
68
35
7.3
7.1
7.5
6.1
6.6
23.1
6.7
6.4
6.7
5.4
5.8
19.8
7.8
7.8
8.4
6.8
7.4
- 26.5
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
1,665
717
948
626
844
195
933
474
459
451
438
44
56.0
66.2
48.4
72.1
51.9
22.4
832
414
417
401
404
27
49.9
57.8
44.0
64.0
47.8
13.7
102
60
42
50
34
17
10.9
12.7
9.1
11.2
7.8
39.0
9.8
11.0
7.6
9.6
6.4
32.7
- 12.0
- 14.3
- 10.5
- 12.8
9.2
- 45.3
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
1,959
3,058
1,546
1,512
1,140
1,872
1,202
670
58.2
61.2
77.7
44.3
981
1,777
1,147
629
50.1
58.1
74.2
41.6
159
95
55
40
14.0
5.1
4.6
6.0
12.9
4.5
3.9
5.0
-
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,466
668
798
597
731
138
952
525
427
488
397
67
64.9
78.6
53.5
81.7
54.4
48.5
891
494
396
464
370
56
60.7
74.0
49.6
77.8
50.7
40.4
62
30
31
23
27
11
6.5
5.8
7.3
4.8
6.8
16.7
5.6
4.6
5.9
3.7
5.4
11.8
7.4
6.9
8.7
5.9
8.2
- 21.5
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
1,194
550
643
500
593
101
778
436
342
405
314
59
65.2
79.2
53.1
81.1
52.9
57.9
741
419
322
392
298
52
62.0
76.1
50.0
78.4
50.1
51.1
37
17
20
14
17
7
4.8
4.0
5.8
3.4
5.3
11.8
3.9
2.9
4.3
2.4
3.8
7.2
-
5.6
5.1
7.2
4.4
6.7
16.4
Black and other.........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and over .........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
272
117
155
97
137
174
88
86
82
83
64.0
75.4
55.4
84.6
60.5
150
76
74
73
73
55.0
64.5
47.9
74.7
52.9
24
13
12
10
10
14.0
14.5
13.6
11.8
12.6
11.1
10.3
9.5
7.8
8.5
-
16.9
18.6
17.7
15.8
16.6
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
422
818
412
405
277
561
349
212
65.7
68.6
84.7
52.3
247
538
337
202
58.6
65.8
81.7
49.8
30
23
13
10
10.8
4.1
3.6
4.9
8.8
3.1
2.5
3.2
-
12.9
5.0
4.7
6.5
Area and population group
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Nassau-Suffolk SMSA
New York LMA3
15.0
5.6
5.2
7.0
Newark SMSA
See footnotes at end of table.
65
Table 13. Labor force status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and o ver in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and m arital status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
3,597
1,653
1,944
1,485
1,759
354
2,224
1,269
955
1,176
861
187
61.8
76.8
49.1
79.2
49.0
52.8
2,045
1,170
875
1,098
799
148
56.8
70.8
45.0
73.9
45.4
41.8
179
99
80
79
62
39
8.1
7.8
8.4
6.7
7.2
20.8
7.5
7.0
7.5
5.9
6.3
18.0
8.7
8.6
9.3
7.4
8.1
- 23.6
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars.......................
2,901
1,352
1,549
1,226
1,413
262
1,831
1,063
768
990
691
151
63.1
78.6
49.6
80.7
48.9
57.5
1,722
1,002
721
942
654
127
59.4
74.1
46.5
76.8
46.3
48.4
109
61
48
48
37
24
5.9
5.7
6.2
4.8
5.4
15.8
5.4
5.0
5.3
4.1
4.5
12.9
-
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
696
302
395
259
346
393
206
187
186
170
56.4
68.4
47.3
72.1
49.2
322
168
154
156
145
46.3
55.7
39.1
60.3
42.1
70
38
32
31
25
17.9
18.6
17.2
16.4
14.5
16.0
15.9
14.5
13.7
11.8
- 19.9
- 21.2
- 20.0
- 19.2
- 17.3
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 ......................
993
1,978
994
983
669
1,272
809
463
67.4
64.3
81.4
47.1
571
1,221
781
441
57.5
61.7
78.5
44.8
98
51
29
22
14.6
4.0
3.6
4.8
13.3
3.4
2.9
3.8
-
Total..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ..................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
1,758
851
907
769
842
147
1,033
634
399
585
358
90
58.7
74.5
44.0
76.0
42.5
61.3
949
582
367
545
331
73
54.0
68.4
40.5
70.8
39.3
50.0
83
51
32
40
27
17
8.1
8.1
7.9
6.8
7.5
18.4
7.1
6.9
6.4
5.6
6.0
14.1
9.0
9.3
9.5
8.0
9.1
- 22.7
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
1,651
799
852
722
793
136
970
596
375
550
336
85
58.8
74.5
43.9
76.2
42.3
62.1
896
549
348
514
312
70
54.3
68.7
40.8
71.2
39.3
51.7
74
47
27
36
24
14
7.6
7.9
7.2
6.6
7.0
16.7
6.7
6.6
5.7
5.4
5.5
12.4
8.6
9.1
8.7
7.8
8.6
- 21.0
Area and population group
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Philadelphia SMSA
6.5
6.5
7.1
5.5
6.3
18.7
16.0
4.6
4.2
5.8
Pittsburgh SMSA
Black and other........................................
107
62
58.5
53
49.7
9
14.9
10.0
-
19.8
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
443
1,064
536
527
314
614
414
201
70.9
57.8
77.2
38.0
276
580
395
185
62.2
54.6
73.7
35.1
39
34
19
15
12.3
5.6
4.6
7.6
10.3
4.5
3.4
5.5
-
14.3
6.6
5.7
9.7
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
1,072
505
567
456
508
108
603
352
251
323
221
58
56.2
69.7
44.2
70.8
43.6
53.8
556
324
232
302
208
47
51.9
64.2
40.9
66.2
40.9
43.0
46
28
19
21
14
12
7.7
7.9
7.4
6.5
6.2
20.1
6.7
6.6
5.9
5.3
4.7
15.7
8.7
9.2
8.9
7.8
7.7
- 24.5
W h i t e ....................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and.over...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
983
462
521
419
470
95
551
325
227
298
200
53
56.1
70.3
43.5
71.1
42.6
56.3
513
301
212
280
190
44
52.2
65.1
40.7
66.8
40.4
45.9
39
24
15
18
11
10
7.0
7.4
6.5
6.1
5.3
18.5
6.0
6.0
5.0
4.8
3.8
14.0
-
8.0
8.7
7.9
7.3
6.7
23.0
Black and o ther........................................
89
51
57.6
43
48.7
8
15.5
11.0
-
19.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
211
691
344
346
136
392
246
146
64.4
56.8
71.6
42.2
118
372
234
139
55.6
53.9
68.0
40.0
18
20
12
8
13.6
5.1
5.0
5.2
11.0
4.1
3.8
3.6
-
16.1
6.1
6.3
6.9
Riverside-San
Bernardino-Ontario SMSA
See footnotes at end of table.
66
Table 13. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutionai population 16 years and o ver in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and m arital status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
Area and population group
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
1,799
827
972
740
880
179
1,151
653
499
602
450
99
64.0
78.9
51.3
81.3
51.2
55.5
1,055
595
460
557
419
79
58.6
71.9
47.4
75.2
47.6
44.0
97
58
38
45
31
21
8.4
8.9
7.7
7.5
6.9
20.8
7.7
8.0
6.7
6.6
5.9
17.8
W hite.........................................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,515
710
805
642
733
140
990
576
414
532
371
87
65.3
81.2
51.4
82.8
50.7
61.8
918
530
388
495
351
72
60.6
74.7
48.1
77.1
47.8
51.4
72
46
26
36
21
15
7.3
8.0
6.3
6.9
5.6
16.9
6.6
7.1
5.3
6.0
4.6
13.8
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
284
118
167
98
147
162
77
85
71
78
57.0
65.4
51.1
71.8
53.5
137
65
73
62
68
48.3
54.9
43.6
63.0
46.6
25
12
12
9
10
15.3
16.1
14.6
12.2
12.8
13.1
12.8
11.5
9.1
9.8
_ 17.6
- 19.4
- 17.6
15.3
- 15.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
438
1,057
* 532
526
299
697
442
255
68.2
65.9
83.1
48.5
256
655
416
239
58.5
62.0
78.2
45.5
43
42
26
16
14.3
6.0
5.9
6.1
12.7
5.2
5.0
4.9
_ 15.9
6.7
6.8
7.3
-
To ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
1,307
597
710
536
651
120
845
455
390
417
357
72
64.7
76.2
55.0
77.8
54.7
59.8
791
424
367
390
338
63
60.5
71.1
■51.6
72.8
51.9
52.5
54
31
24
27
19
9
6.4
6.7
6.1
6.4
5.2
12.3
5.5
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.0
8.3
_ 7.3
8.0
7.4
7.7
6.5
- 16.3
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,151
539
612
483
567
101
743
412
331
377
303
64
64.6
76.5
54.1
78.0
53.5
62.9
700
386
313
354
290
56
60.8
71.7
51.2
73.3
51.2
55.2
44
26
18
23
13
8
5.9
6.3
5.3
6.0
4.3
12.2
4.9
5.0
4.0
4.7
3.1
8.0
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
156
58
98
85
102
43
59
53
65.1
73.4
60.2
62.9
91
38
53
48
58.2
65.3
54.0
56.3
11
5
6
6
10.6
11.0
10.4
10.6
7.4
5.9
6.2
6.1
_ 13.9
16.0
- 14.6
- 15.0
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
344
725
350
374
251
457
274
183
72.8
63.1
78.3
48.9
226
439
263
176
65.7
60.5
75.1
46.9
25
19
11
8
9.8
4.1
4.1
4.2
7.9
3.1
2.8
2.6
-
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
2,510
1,197
1,313
1,091
1,214
204
1,648
937
711
872
654
122
65.7
78.3
54.1
79.9
53.8
59.7
1,544
874
670
824
624
97
61.5
73.0
51.0
75.5
51.4
47.3
104
63
41
49
30
25
6.3
6.7
5.8
5.6
4.6
20.7
5.6
5.8
4.8
4.7
3.7
17.0
_ 7.0
7.6
6.8
6.5
5.5
- 24.5
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs........................
2,000
972
1,028
897
956
147
1,324
774
550
724
508
92
66.2
79.6
53.5
80.8
53.1
62.8
1,259
734
525
694
488
77
63.0
75.5
51.0
77.4
51.0
52.6
65
39
26
31
19
15
4.9
5.1
4.7
4.2
3.8
16.3
4.2
4.2
3.7
3.4
2.9
12.2
_
-
Black and other........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
510
225
285
195
258
324
164
160
148
146
63.5
72.7
56.3
76.0
56.7
285
140
145
130
136
55.9
62.1
50.9
66.7
52.6
39
24
15
18
11
12.1
14.5
9.6
12.3
7.2
10.0
11.5
6.9
9.3
4.8
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
715
1,322
664
657
516
868
539
328
72.1
65.6
81.2
50.0
457
837
521
316
63.8
63.4
78.5
48.1
59
30
18
12
11.5
3.5
3.3
3.8
10.0
2.8
2.4
2.6
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
St. Louis SMSA
_
9.1
9.8
8.7
8.4
7.8
- 23.9
-
-
_
7.9
8.9
7.3
7.7
6.6
- 20.0
-
-
-
San Diego SMSA
-
-
6.8
7.5
6.6
7.3
5.6
16.4
-
11.8
5.1
5.3
5.7
San Francisco-Oakland SMSA
See footnotes at end of table.
67
5.6
6.0
5.7
5.1
4.8
- 20.4
_ 14.1
-
-
17.5
12.2
15.3
9.7
_ 13.0
-
4.2
4.2
5.0
Table 13. Labor fo rce status o f the civilian no ninstitutio nal population 16 years and over in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
San Jose SMSA
To ta l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
947
458
489
413
446
88
669
379
290
350
265
54
70.6
82.9
59.2
84.7
59.5
60.9
636
360
277
336
255
45
67.2
78.6
56.5
81.3
57.3
51.2
33
20
13
14
10
9
4.9
5.2
4.5
4.0
3.8
16.0
4.1
4.1
3.3
3.0
2.7
11.4
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
835
401
434
362
395
79
589
335
255
308
233
49
70.6
83.4
58.7
85.1
58.9
62.5
562
318
244
296
224
42
67.3
79.3
56.2
81.8
56.7
53.9
27
17
11
12
9
7
4.6
4.9
4.2
3.9
3.7
13.8
3.8
3.8
3.0
2.8
2.5
9.2
-
5.5
6.1
5.4
5.0
4.9
18.4
Black and o ther........................................
Men ........................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
112
56
51
79
44
42
71.0
78.8
81.7
74
41
40
66.1
73.3
77.8
5
3
2
6.8
6.9
4.8
4.0
3.1
1.5
-
9.6
10.7
8.1
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
241
547
271
276
184
377
229
148
76.3
69.0
84.6
53.7
167
366
221
144
69.5
66.9
81.7
52.3
16
12
8
4
8.9
3.1
3.4
2.5
6.9
2.2
2.2
1.3
-
10.9
3.9
4.6
3.8
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
1,188
587
601
539
553
97
824
480
344
449
315
61
69.4
81.9
57.2
83.3
56.9
63.1
780
454
326
426
298
56
65.7
77.4
54.2
79.1
53.9
57.8
44
26
18
23
17
5
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.3
8.5
4.6
4.4
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.9
-
6.2
6.5
6.5
6.1
6.6
12.0
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
1,102
544
558
499
511
92
765
446
319
416
291
58
69.4
82.0
57.2
83.4
56.9
63.6
726
422
303
396
276
53
65.9
77.6
54.4
79.3
54.1
58.1
39
24
16
20
14
5
5.1
5.3
4.9
4.8
4.9
8.7
4.3
4.2
3.7
3.8
3.6
5.0
-
6.0
6.4
6.2
5.9
6.2
12.3
Black and other........................................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
86
695
349
346
60
471
292
179
68.9
67.8
83.5
51.8
54
454
283
171
63.0
65.3
80.9
49.6
5
17
9
8
8.5
3.6
3.1
4.3
4.9
2.7
2.1
2.8
-
12.2
4.4
4.2
5.8
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
2,223
1,045
1,178
940
1,079
205
1,576
846
730
785
679
112
70.9
80.9
62.0
83.5
62.9
54.9
1,497
809
688
757
645
96
67.4
77.4
58.4
80.5
59.8
46.7
79
37
42
28
34
17
5.0
4.3
5.8
3.6
5.0
15.0
4.5
3.7
5.0
3.0
4.2
12.2
-
5.5
5.0
6.5
4.2
5.7
17.8
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years........................
1,594
760
833
687
769
138
1,134
626
508
581
472
81
71.1
82.4
60.9
84.6
61.4
58.7
1,092
606
485
566
453
73
68.5
79.8
58.3
82.4
58.9
53.0
42
20
22
15
19
8
3.7
3.1
4.4
2.6
4.0
9.8
3.2
2.5
3.6
2.0
3.2
7.0
-
4.2
3.7
5.2
3.2
4.8
12.5
Black and other........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
629
285
344
253
310
66
442
220
222
204
207
31
70.3
77.1
64.6
80.7
66.7
47.1
405
203
203
191
192
22
64.4
71.1
58.9
75.5
61.9
33.6
37
17
20
13
15
9
8.3
7.8
8.9
6.4
7.2
28.6
7.2
6.2
7.2
4.9
5.6
22.4
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
666
1,195
587
608
486
863
502
361
72.9
72.3
85.6
59.3
445
836
493
344
66.8
70.0
84.0
56.5
41
27
10
17
8.4
3.1
1.9
4.8
7.3
2.6
1.4
3.8
5.7
6.3
5.7
5.0
5.0
- 20.6
Seattle-Everett SMSA
Washington D.C. SMSA
See footnotes at end of table.
68
9.5
9.4
- 10.6
7.9
8.8
- 34.8
-
9.4
3.6
2.5
5.7
Table 13. Labor fo rce status o f the civilian noninstitutiona! population 16 years and over in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Baltimore central city
_ 12.2
13.4
11.8
12.4
10.2
- 30.8
Tota l................................................ ..........
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
577
262
315
233
287
58
353
194
160
179
146
28
61.2
73.9
50.7
77.1
51.0
48.1
314
171
144
160
134
21
54.5
65.2
45.6
68.8
46.7
35.8
39
23
16
19
13
7
11.0
11.7
10.1
10.8
8.6
25.6
9.8
10.1
8.5
9.2
6.9
20.4
W hite.........................................................
Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
268
123
145
112
135
154
90
64
84
58
57.5
72.9
44.3
74.7
43.2
143
84
59
79
54
53.4
68.0
40.9
70.5
40.2
11
6
5
5
4
7.1
6.7
7.7
5.6
7.0
5.7
4.9
5.4
3.8
4.6
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
309
139
170
120
152
199
104
96
95
88
64.5
74.7
56.2
79.2
58.0
171
87
84
81
80
55.4
62.6
49.6
67.1
52.4
28
17
11
15
8
14.0
16.1
11.8
15.3
9.6
12.3
13.6
9.4
12.8
7.4
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
188
243
124
118
124
156
97
58
66.1
64.1
78.1
49.4
101
147
91
56
53.5
60.4
73.2
46.9
24
9
6
3
19.0
5.7
6.3
4.9
16.6
4.4
4.5
2.9
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
2,284
1,074
1,210
949
1,102
233
1,394
791
603
728
562
105
61.0
73.6
49.9
76.7
51.0
44.8
1,237
693
545
652
513
73
54.2
64.5
45.0
68.7
46.5
31.2
157
98
59
76
49
32
11.3
12.4
9.7
10.5
8.8
30.4
10.3
11.1
8.4
9.2
7.4
26.1
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,395
672
723
609
665
121
900
532
368
488
337
74
64.5
79.1
50.9
80.1
50.7
61.6
819
479
339
446
314
59
58.7
71.3
47.0
73.2
47.2
48.6
81
52
29
42
23
16
9.0
9.8
7.8
8.6
6.9
21.0
7.9
8.4
6.2
7.2
5.4
16.2
Black and other.........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
889
402
487
340
437
495
259
235
240
225
55.7
64.6
48.3
70.7
51.4
419
213
205
206
199
47.1
53.1
42.1
60.6
45.5
76
46
30
34
26
15.4
17.7
12.8
14.3
11.5
13.6
15.1
10.4
11.8
9.1
_ 17.2
20.3
15.2
- 16.8
- 13.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
767
1,014
517
497
478
668
419
249
62.2
65.8
81.0
50.1
392
622
389
233
51.1
61.3
75.3
46.8
85
46
30
16
17.9
6.9
7.1
6.6
16.0
5.8
5.7
4.8
_ 19.7
8.0
8.5
8.3
-
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
429
194
235
174
212
43
243
136
108
126
98
19
56.7
70.0
45.8
72.3
46.4
44.9
210
114
96
107
89
14
48.9
58.8
40.7
61.5
41.7
33.1
34
22
12
19
10
5
13.8
16.0
11.1
15.0
10.0
26.1
12.5
14.1
9.3
13.0
8.2
20.6
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
256
117
139
107
126
150
86
64
80
57
58.7
73.8
45.9
74.6
45.4
134
76
58
71
53
52.3
64.8
41.7
65.9
41.7
16
11
6
9
5
10.9
12.3
9.1
11.7
8.3
9.3
10.1
6.8
9.5
6.0
_
-
Black and o ther........................................
M e n .........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
173
77
96
67
86
93
49
44
46
41
53.9
64.3
45.6
68.6
47.7
76
38
38
36
36
43.9
49.8
39.1
54.4
41.8
17
11
6
9
5
18.6
22.5
14.2
20.7
12.5
16.1
19.0
10.9
17.1
9.3
_ 21.1
- 26.0
17.4
24.3
- 15.7
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
126
193
98
94
76
120
76
44
60.0
62.5
77.7
46.6
60
109
68
41
47.4
56.5
69.1
43.5
16
11
8
3
21.0
9.5
11.1
6.7
18.3
7.8
8.9
4.3
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
8.6
8.6
10.0
7.4
9.3
15.8
18.6
14.1
17.9
11.9
21.3
7.1
8.0
6.9
Chicago central city
Women, spouse present2 .......................
-
-
12.2
13.7
11.1
11.7
10.1
34.6
10.1
11.3
9.3
10.0
8.5
25.9
Cleveland central city
See footnotes at end of table.
69
_ 15.2
-
-
-
17.9
13.0
16.9
11.9
31.7
12.5
14.4
11.3
13.9
10.5
_ 23.8
-
-
11.1
13.3
9.0
Tab!© 13. Labor fo rce status o f the civilian no ninsfifutio nal population 16 years and over in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Employment
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Dallas central city
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
646
312
334
282
303
61
467
261
206
242
187
38
72.3
83.7
61.7
85.8
61.6
63.1
445
249
196
234
180
31
68.8
79.9
58.5
83.0
59.3
50.8
22
12
10
8
7
8
4.8
4.5
5.1
3.2
3.8
19.5
4.0
3.5
3.8
2.3
2.6
14.8
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 2(^years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
456
223
233
205
215
36
330
189
141
177
129
24
72.5
85.0
60.5
86.3
60.0
68.0
322
185
137
174
126
22
70.6
83.0
58.8
85.0
58.6
60.4
9
4
4
3
3
3
2.6
2.3
2.9
1.5
2.5
11.1
1.9
1.5
1.7
.8
1.4
6.1
Black and o ther.........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
190
89
101
77
88
137
72
65
65
57
71.9
80.5
64.4
84.3
65.4
123
64
59
60
54
64.7
72.2
58.1
77.8
61.0
14
7
6
5
4
10.0
10.3
9.8
7.7
6.7
8.0
7.4
6.8
5.0
4.0
_
-
-
_
-
-
_
5.6
5.6
6.3
4.1
4.9
24.3
3.3
3.2
4.0
2.2
3.6
16.1
-
12.1
13.1
12.8
10.4
9.4
-
10.6
3.3
2.6
5.2
-
180
331
168
163
139
236
144
92
76.9
71.3
85.9
56.3
127
230
142
88
70.3
69.6
84.5
54.2
12
6
2
3
8.7
2.5
1.7
3.6
6.8
1.6
.8
2.1
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
939
441
498
393
455
92
525
291
234
266
211
48
55.9
66.0
47.0
67.7
46.5
51.9
403
213
190
199
175
29
42.9
48.3
38.1
50.7
38.5
31.2
122
78
44
67
36
19
23.3
26.8
18.9
25.2
17.3
39.8
21.8
24.8
16.9
23.1
15.2
35.4
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
346
162
184
151
169
186
108
77
99
68
53.6
66.9
42.0
65.6
40.2
156
88
68
81
60
45.0
54.3
36.7
53.7
35.4
30
20
10
18
8
16.2
18.9
12.4
18.2
11.8
14.0
15.9
9.3
15.1
8.6
-
21.8
15.5
21.3
15.0
Black and other.........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
593
279
314
242
285
65
339
182
157
167
144
29
57.2
65.5
49.9
69.0
50.3
43.9
247
125
122
118
115
14 '
41.7
44.8
38.9
48.8
40.3
21.0
92
58
35
49
28
15
27.2
31.6
22.2
29.3
19.8
52.1
25.3
28.9
19.5
26.5
17.1
47.5
_
-
29.2
34.2
24.8
32.0
22.6
56.7
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
281
400
205
195
172
238
143
96
61.3
59.6
69.8
49.0
117
200
116
84
41.8
50.1
56.8
43.1
55
38
27
11
31.8
16.0
18.6
12.0
29.2
14.0
16.0
9.3
- 34.4
- 17.9
- 21.3
“ 14.8
T o ta l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ..................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs.......................
483
218
265
198
246
39
317
157
160
149
154
15
65.7
72.1
60.4
75.4
62.4
37.3
294
145
149
140
144
11
61.0
66.7
56.3
70.6
58.5
27.7
23
12
11
10
10
4
7.2
7.5
6.9
6.4
6.2
25.6
6.5
6.5
5.9
5.4
5.3
20.7
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
154
71
83
68
82
111
57
55
56
54
72.3
80.2
65.6
81.7
65.9
107
55
53
54
52
69.8
77.3
63.4
78.9
63.6
4
2
2
2
2
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.4
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.2
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years .......................
329
147
182
129
165
35
206
100
106
93
100
13
62.6
68.2
58.1
72.1
60.7
36.7
187
91
96
86
92
9
56.8
61.5
53.0
66.2
56.0
26.4
19
10
9
8
8
4
9.2
9.8
8.7
8.2
7.8
28.0
8.2
8.3
7.4
6.8
6.5
22.4
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
198
161
82
79
141
107
61
46
71.1
66.6
74.3
58.7
127
103
59
44
63.8
63.9
72.0
55.5
15
4
2
3
10.3
4.1
3.1
5.5
9.1
3.2
2.0
3.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
Detroit central city
_ 24.8
28.9
21.0
27.3
- 19.4
- 44.3
-
_ 18.4
District of Columbia
See footnotes at end of table.
70
_
-
-
_
-
-
7.9
8.6
7.9
7.4
7.2
30.6
4.4
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.6
_ 10.2
- 11.2
- 10.1
9.6
9.1
33.5
-
11.5
5.1
4.2
7.1
Table 13. Labor force status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and o ver in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian non
institutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Unemployment
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Houston central city
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,210
598
612
543
548
119
849
499
350
465
317
66
70.2
83.4
57.2
85.7
57.8
56.0
802
476
326
448
299
55
66.3
79.5
53.3
82.5
54.5
46.3
47
23
24
17
18
12
5.5
4.7
6.7
3.7
5.7
17.3
4.7
3.6
5.3
2.7
4.3
12.7
_
-
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye ars........................
878
443
435
405
391
81
621
376
245
352
220
49
70.7
84.8
56.4
86.8
56.4
59.8
598
363
235
342
213
43
68.2
82.1
54.1
84.5
54.5
52.4
22
12
10
9
7
6
3.6
3.2
4.1
2.6
3.2
12.4
2.8
2.3
2.8
1.7
2.0
7.5
_
-
4.4
4.2
5.5
3.5
4.5
17.3
Black and other........................................
M e n ........................................................
W om en...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
332
155
177
138
157
228
123
105
114
97
68.6
79.5
59.1
82.5
61.4
204
112
91
106
85
61.3
72.4
51.6
76.7
54.4
24
11
13
8
11
10.7
9.0
12.8
7.0
11.5
8.5
6.2
9.3
4.4
8.0
_
-
12.9
11.7
16.2
9.6
14.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
335
635
321
314
247
442
282
160
73.9
69.6
87.7
51.1
228
425
273
151
68.1
66.9
85.1
48.3
19
17
8
9
7.9
3.9
3.0
5.6
6.0
2.9
1.9
3.7
-
9.7
4.9
4.1
7.5
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
483
227
256
204
232
46
317
177
140
162
126
28
65.6
77.8
54.8
79.5
54.4
60.4
291
160
131
149
119
22
60.2
70.6
51.1
73.1
51.3
48.4
26
16
9
13
7
6
8.1
9.2
6.8
8.0
5.7
19.8
7.1
7.8
5.3
6.6
4.3
15.1
_ 9.2
- 10.7
8.2
9.5
7.1
- 24.6
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
389
185
204
168
188
33
258
146
112
134
101
23
66.3
78.8
55.0
79.8
53.8
68.4
242
135
108
125
98
19
62.4
72.9
52.8
74.7
52.1
57.5
15
11
4
9
3
4
5.9
7.4
4.0
6.4
3.1
15.9
4.9
5.9
2.7
4.9
1.9
10.9
_
6.9
8.9
5.3
7.8
4.3
- 20.8
Black and other........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...............
94
42
52
36
45
59
31
28
28
25
62.6
73.3
53.9
78.1
56.7
48
26
23
24
21
51.5
60.3
44.3
65.7
47.6
10
6
5
4
4
17.8
17.7
17.8
15.8
16.1
14.5
13.2
13.1
11.2
11.2
_ 21.1
22.3
- 22.6
20.3
- 20.9
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present.......... ................
Men, spouse present2 ............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
144
242
123
119
106
162
99
63
73.6
66.8
80.1
53.2
92
156
94
62
64.2
64.2
76.4
51.6
13
6
5
2
12.7
3.9
4.6
2.9
10.6
2.9
3.2
1.5
-
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
5,365
2,391
2,974
2,159
2,720
487
2,982
1,671
1,311
1,591
1,241
151
55.6
69.9
44.1
73.7
45.6
31.0
2,726
1,523
1,203
1,467
1,151
108
50.8
63.7
40.5
67.9
42.3
22.3
257
148
108
124
90
42
8.6
8.9
8.3
7.8
7.3
28.1
8.0
8.1
7.4
7.1
6.5
24.7
9.2
9.6
9.1
8.5
8.0
31.5
-
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
Both sexes, 16-19 ye a rs............. ..........
3,799
1,714
2,085
1,571
1,930
299
2,114
1,225
890
1,167
838
109
55.7
71.4
42.7
74.3
43.4
36.7
1,952
1,133
819
1,089
779
83
51.4
66.1
39.3
69.4
40.4
27.9
163
92
71
78
59
26
7.7
7.5
7.9
6.6
7.1
23.8
7.1
6.7
7.0
5.9
6.1
19.9
_ 8.3
8.3
8.9
7.4
8.0
- 27.8
Black and other.........................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
1,566
677
889
588
789
868
446
421
424
403
55.4
65.9
47.4
72.1
51.0
774
390
384
377
372
49.4
57.6
43.2
64.2
47.1
94
56
38
47
31
10.8
12.6
8.9
11.0
7.7
9.7
10.9
7.4
9.4
6.2
_ 12.0
- 14.3
- 10.5
12.7
9.1
-
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present..........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
1,719
2,527
1,279
1,248
974
1,530
983
546
56.6
60.5
76.9
43.8
833
1,447
935
512
48.5
57.3
73.1
41.0
140
83
48
34
14.4
5.4
4.9
6.3
13.2
4.8
4.2
5.2
-
6.4
5.7
8.1
4.6
7.1
22.0
-
-
Milwaukee central city
-
-
14.9
5.0
6.1
4.4
New York central city
See footnotes at end of table.
71
15.6
6.0
5.7
7.4
Table 13. Labor fo rce status o f the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11
large cities by sex, age, race, and marital status, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Philadelphia central city
Tota l..........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
1,316
566
750
506
682
127
720
389
331
358
302
60
54.7
68.7
44.1
70.7
44.2
47.0
631
339
291
318
272
41
47.9
60.0
38.8
62.9
39.8
31.9
89
49
40
40
30
19
12.4
12.7
12.0
11.1
10.0
32.1
11.2
11.0
10.2
9.5
8.3
26.9
W hite.........................................................
M e n ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o ve r.........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
810
354
456
328
424
454
252
201
238
184
56.0
71.3
44.1
72.6
43.3
419
233
186
221
172
51.7
65.8
40.8
67.5
40.5
35
20
15
17
12
7.7
7.8
7.6
7.0
6.3
6.4
6.1
5.7
5.3
4.5
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r.........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
506
212
294
179
258
266
136
130
120
118
52.6
64.3
44.2
67.3
45.8
212
107
105
97
100
41.9
50.3
35.8
54.3
38.6
54
30
25
23
19
20.4
21.8
18.9
19.4
15.7
18.0
18.4
15.5
15.9
12.4
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present ..........................
............................
Men, spouse present2 3
Women, spouse present2 .......................
427
572
289
283
261
330
209
121
61.1
57.7
72.3
42.9
205
313
199
114
48.0
54.7
68.8
40.3
56
17
10
7
21.4
5.2
4.7
5.9
19.0
3.9
3.2
3.8
Tota l..........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and over ...................
Both sexes, 16-19 years ........................
378
162
216
145
201
32
• 215
111
104
103
97
15
56.9
68.5
48.1 ■
70.6
48.5
47.1
191
97
94
92
89
11
50.6
60.1
43.5
62.9
44.2
34.6
24
14
10
11
9
4
11.0
12.3
9.7
10.9
8.8
26.5
9.8
10.6
8.1
9.2
7.2
20.8
W hite.........................................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
235
102
133
94
126
139
74
64
68
60
59.0
72.9
48.4
72.7
47.5
128
68
61
63
56
54.5
66.3
45.5
66.9
45.0
11
7
4
5
3
7.6
9.1
5.9
8.0
5.2
6.3
7.2
4.2
6.2
3.6
Black and other........................................
Men ........................................................
Women ...................................................
Men, 20 years and o v e r........................
Women, 20 years and o v e r...................
143
60
83
52
75
76
37
39
34
38
53.4
61.1
47.7
66.8
50.1
63
30
33
29
32
44.1
49.6
40.1
55.7
42.9
13
7
6
6
5
17.4
18.9
16.0
16.6
14.5
15.0
15.4
12.7
13.1
11.2
Single (never married)..............................
Married, spouse present :.........................
Men, spouse present2............................
Women, spouse present2 .......................
116
156
79
77
71
92
56
36
61.3
58.8
70.5
46.8
60
85
51
33
51.8
54.3
64.9
43.4
11
7
4
3
15.5
7.7
8.0
7.2
13.2
6.1
5.9
4.8
.
_ 13.7
_
_
14.4
13.8
12.8
11.7
- 37.2
_
-
_
-
9.0
9.5
9.5
8.6
8.1
_ 22.8
25.3
22.3
_ 23.0
- 19.1
_ 23.9
-
-
6.4
6.3
8.1
St. Louis central city
1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which means
that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error range
constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based
on a complete census of the population would be contained within these error ranges.
2 Differences in population levels occur because of independent estimation of males
and females.
3 These data are for the Labor Market Area (LMA) rather than the Standard
_
12.3
- 14.0
_ 11.3
- 12.6
10.4
- 32.2
_
-
-
8.8
10.9
7.5
9.8
6.9
_ 19.8
22.4
19.2
20.1
- 17.7
-
-
_
-
17.9
9.2
10.0
9.7
Metropolitan Statistical Area for which estimates were published in earlier years. The
significance of the difference is discussed jn appendix C, “ Geographic Boundary
Definitions” .
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that
area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
because of rounding.
if
72
Table 14. Full- and part-tim e status of the civilian labor force 16 years and over in 30 iarge m etropolitan areas and 11 large
cities by sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and area
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Total
Percent of
full-time
labor force
89,346
79,024
4,214
6,108
6.8
15,373
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove.............
A tlanta..........................................................
Baltimore.......................................................
Boston ..........................................................
Buffalo ..........................................................
Chicago ........................................................
Cincinnati......................................................
815
839
941
1,204
495
2,925
556
765
759
840
1,105
416
2,583
487
24
30
33
41
29
108
25
26
49
67
59
51
234
44
3.2
5.9
7.2
4.9
10.2
8.0
7.9
Cleveland ......................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth.........................................
Denver-Boulder ............................................
Detroit...........................................................
Houston........................................................
Indianapolis...................................................
Kansas C ity...................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.............................
794
1,336
735
1,751
1,261
498
595
3,123
696
1,242
674
1,434
1,158
436
535
2,802
31
41
29
83
44
21
19
127
67
53
32
234
59
41
40
193
M iam i............................................................
Milwaukee.....................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A............................
Nassau-Suffolk.............................................
New York LM A .............................................
Newark .........................................................
Philadelphia...................................................
Pittsburgh .....................................................
628
606
925
1,082
3,110
814
1,885
885
571
547
858
976
2,752
738
1,662
770
18
24
29
55
108
22
77
48
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario...............
St. Louis.......................................................
San D iego.....................................................
San Francisco-Oakland................................
San J o s e .......................................................
Seattle-Everett..............................................
Washington D.C.............................................
502
988
697
1,389
566
698
1,368
436
868
610
1,264
525
636
1,269
312
1,231
210
417
464
286
768
264
2,626
621
190
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Total
Percent of
part-time
labor force
14,032
1,341
8.7
149
113
143
243
118
511
106
142
106
130
227
106
460
95
7
7
13
16
12
51
11
4.9
6.5
8.9
6.7
10.1
10.0
10.1
8.5
3.9
4.4
13.3
4.6
8.3
6.7
6.2
141
172
131
307
136
81
90
479
128
158
120
265
122
75
84
435
13
14
12
43
14
6
6
44
9.2
7.9
8.9
13.9
10.4
7.9
6.5
9.2
39
35
38
52
250
54
146
68
6.2
5.8
4.1
4.8
8.0
6.6
7.7
7.6
89
142
227
210
454
139
339
147
83
131
212
190
411
131
305
131
6
11
14
21
43
8
34
16
7.0
8.1
6.3
9.8
9.5
5.7
10.0
10.6
27
39
41
48
16
24
37
39
81
45
78
26
38
61
7.7
8.2
6.5
5.6
4.5
5.4
4.5
101
164
148
259
103
126
208
93
149
140
233
95
120
191
8
15
9
27
7
7
18
7.9
9.3
6.0
10.2
6.9
5.2
8.6
262
1,052
170
386
333
256
708
232
2,315
510
160
15
41
10
13
24
9
23
11
89
36
9
35
138
29
18
107
20
37
21
222
75
21
11.2
11.2
14.1
4.3
23.1
7.0
4.8
7.9
8.4
12.0
11.2
41
164
34
50
61
32
81
52
357
99
25
37
144
30
46
46
29
71
47
322
84
22
4
19
4
4
15
3
10
5
35
15
3
9.9
11.9
12.5
8.3
25.2
8.9
12.3
9.5
9.8
14.9
10.1
55,194
49,542
2,046
3,607
6.5
4,951
4,401
550
11.1
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove.............
Atlanta ..........................................................
Baltimore......................................................
Boston ..........................................................
B uffalo..........................................................
Chicago ........................................................
Cincinnati......................................................
513
506
571
743
325
1,815
350
486
466
517
685
278
1,611
313
14
18
14
21
13
56
12
13
22
40
37
34
148
24
2.5
4.3
7.1
5.0
10.4
8.2
6.9
(3)
(3)
47
64
35
161
33
(3)
(3)
42
58
30
138
29
(3)
(3)
5
6
5
23
4
(3)
(3)
10.5
9.0
14.6
14.3
11.4
Cleveland......................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth.........................................
Denver-Boulder ............................................
D etroit...........................................................
Houston........................................................
Indianapolis...................................................
Kansas C ity...................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.............................
490
805
440
1,115
798
295
358
1,869
434
756
407
922
739
260
328
1,684
16
23
16
40
31
9
10
69
41
27
17
153
29
26
21
116
8.3
3.3
3.9
13.7
3.6
8.8
5.8
6.2
42
64
40
95
41
(3)
30
168
36
57
37
75
36
(3)
28
146
6
6
3
20
6
(3)
1
22
14.3
9.6
7.7
21.2
14.1
(3)
4.8
13.1
Miami ............................................................
364
334
9
21
5.8
40
36
4
10.0
Total, 16 years and over
United S ta te s.................................................
Metropolitan areas:2
Cities:
Baltimore......................................................
Chicago ........................................................
Cleveland ......................................................
Dallas............................................................
Detroit...........................................................
District of Columbia......................................
Houston........................................................
Milwaukee .....................................................
New York ......................................................
Philadelphia...................................................
St. Louis.......................................................
Men
United S ta te s.................................................
Metropolitan areas:2
See footnotes at end of table.
73
Tabs® 14. Full* and part-tim e status of the civilian labor force 16 years and o ver in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large
cities by
age, and race, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thqusands)
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and area
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Total
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Total
Percent of
part-time
labor force
Men—Continued
Metropolitan areas:2
Milwaukee....................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LMA*............................
Nassau-Suffolk.............................................
New York LM A .............................................
Newark.........................................................
Philadelphia...................................................
Pittsburgh......................................................
383
568
701
1,831
488
1,171
587
350
530
648
1,628
449
1,049
517
11
13
25
53
12
36
26
22
24
29
150
27
86
44
5.7
4.2
4.1
8.2
5.6
7.3
7.4
40
66
67
168
(3)
98
(3)
35
61
58
151
(3)
84
(3)
5
4
9
18
(3)
14
(3)
11.9
6.5
13.3
10.6
(3)
14.0
(3)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario...............
St. Louis.......................................................
San D iego....................................................
San Francisco-Oakland................................
San Jo s e ......................................................
Seattle-Everett..............................................
Washington D.C.............................................
323
600
410
851
342
446
777
284
533
363
773
318
408
726
13
16
19
27
7
14
20
25
50
28
51
16
24
31
7.9
8.4
6.8
5.9
4.7
5.4
4.0
(3)
53
45
86
38
(3)
69
(3>
45
42
74
34
<
3)
63
(3)
8
3
12
3
(3)
5
f)
15.0
6.0
14.5
9.1
(3)
7.8
180
731
123
245
270
145
472
160
1,534
360
102
152
622
99
228
188
130
436
140
1,356
299
85
7
21
5
8
11
5
18
6
45
16
4
21
89
20
10
71
11
19
14
133
44
12
11.7
12.1
15.9
3.9
26.2
7.3
4.0
8.5
8.7
12.3
12.1
(3)
59
(3)
(3)
(3)
12
«
(3)
137
(3)
(3)
(3)
50
(3)
O
(3)
11
(3)
(3)
122
(3)
(3)
(3)
10
(3)
(3)
(3)
1
0
(3)
15
(3)
(3)
(3)
16.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
9.9
(3)
(3)
11.0
(3)
(3)
34,151
29,482
2,169
2,500
7.3
10,422
9,632
791
7.6
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove.............
A tlanta..........................................................
Baltimore......................................................
B oston..........................................................
Buffalo..........................................................
Chicago ........................................................
Cincinnati......................................................
302
333
371
461
170
1,110
207
279
292
324
420
137
972
174
11
13
20
20
16
52
13
13
28
27
22
17
86
20
4.2
8.3
7.3
4.7
9.9
7.8
9.6
106
79
97
180
83
350
73
102
74
89
169
76
322
66
5
5
8
11
7
28
7
4.3
6.5
8.2
5.9
8.2
8.1
9.6
Cleveland .....................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth.........................................
Denver-Boulder ............................................
Detroit...........................................................
Houston........................................................
Indianapolis...................................................
Kansas C ity...................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.............................
304
531
295
636
463
203
236
1,253
262
486
267
512
419
176
208
1,119
15
19
14
43
14
12
9
58
27
26
15
81
30
15
19
77
8.7
4.9
5.1
12.7
6.4
7.4
8.1
6.1
99
108
91
213
94
54
60
310
92
101
83
190
86
51
56
289
7
7
9
23
8
3
4
22
7.0
6.9
9.4
10.6
8.7
6.3
7.4
7.0
M iam i............. ..............................................
Milwaukee.....................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A............................
Nassau-Suffolk.............................................
New York LM A .............................................
Newark .........................................................
Philadelphia...................................................
Pittsburgh......................................................
264
222
357
381
' 1,279
325
714
299
237
196
328
328
1,124
289
613
253
9
12
16
30
55
10
41
22
18
13
13
23
99
26
60
24
6.8
6.0
3.8
6.1
7.8
8.1
8.4
8.0
49
103
161
143
285
102
242
100
46
96
151
132
260
97
221
92
2
7
10
12
26
5
20
8
4.5
6.6
6.2
8.2
8.9
5.0
8.3
7.8
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario...............
St. Louis.......................................................
San D iego.....................................................
San Francisco-Oakland................................
San J o s e .......................................................
Seattle-Everett..............................................
Washington D.C.............................................
179
388
286
538
225
252
591
152
334
247
490
207
228
543
14
22
22
21
9
11
18
13
31
18
27
9
14
30
7.3
8.0
6.1
5.0
4.2
5.4
5.0
71
111
104
173
65
92
140
66
104
98
159
61
87
127
5
7
6
14
4
5
12
7.7
6.6
5.9
8.1
5.6
4.9
8.9
C ities:
Baltimore......................................................
Chicago........................................................
Cleveland .....................................................
Dallas............................................................
Detroit...........................................................
District of Columbia ......................................
Houston........................................................
Milwaukee....................................................
New Y o rk ......................................................
Philadelphia...................................................
St. Louis.......................................................
Women
United S tates.................................................
Metropolitan areas:2
See footnotes at end of table.
74
Table 14. Full- and part-tim e status of the civilian labor force 16 years and o ver in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large
cities by sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and area
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Total
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Total
Percent of
part-time
labor force
Women—Continued
Cities:
132
499
86
172
194
141
296
104
1,091
261
88
110
430
71
158
145
127
272
92
958
211
75
8
20
5
5
13
5
6
5
45
20
4
14
49
10
9
36
9
18
7
88
30
9
10.4
9.8
11.5
5.0
18.6
6.7
6.1
6.8
8.1
11.6
10.1
28
104
21
34
40
19
54
36
220
70
16
26
95
19
32
32
18
49
33
200
60
14
2
10
2
2
8
2
5
2
20
9
1
8.8
9.4
9.8
5.5
20.5
8.3
10.0
6.5
9.1
13.5
7.3
4,933
3,249
734
950
19.3
4,309
3,620
689
16.0
Baltimore.......................................................
Boston ..........................................................
Chicago ........................................................
Cincinnati.......................................................
51
60
142
28
34
43
94
19
6
7
15
4
11
9
33
5
21.2
15.4
23.4
19.0
43
64
153
31
36
58
126
25
7
7
28
6
15.7
10.2
18.0
19.4
Cleveland ......................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth.........................................
Denver-Boulder ............................................
D etroit...........................................................
Houston........................................................
Kansas C ity...................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.............................
Milwaukee .....................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A............................
Nassau-Suffolk .............................................
New York L M A .............................................
Philadelphia...................................................
Pittsburgh ......................................................
41
76
40
108
74
31
172
33
58
61
105
102
47
27
56
31
61
55
21
116
23
41
41
63
65
28
6
7
3
19
9
4
19
5
10
12
12
16
10
8
13
6
28
10
6
36
4
8
8
29
21
10
19.6
16.9
15.6
25.5
13.6
18.8
21.0
13.2
13.4
13.5
28.1
20.7
21.3
41
54
39
100
44
27
127
42
70
57
89
85
(3)
35
46
32
76
36 '
25
103
36
64
46
67
67
(3)
6
8
7
24
7
3
24
6
6
11
22
18
(3)
14.7
14.6
17.0
24.0
16.8
10.1
18.6
14.3
8.7
19.2
25.2
20.9
(3)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario ...............
St. Louis ........................................................
San Francisco-Oakland................................
Washington D.C.............................................
31
48
53
60
18
30
34
42
6
5
8
8
7
12
11
10
23.3
26.1
21.6
16.7
(3)
52
70
52
(3)
43
56
45
(3)
8
14
7
(3)
16.0
20.0
13.1
61
25
29
86
36
19
14
52
5
1
4
9
20
5
11
26
33.1
19.6
38.4
29.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
65
(3)
(3)
(3)
48
(3)
(3)
(3)
17
(3)
(3)
(3)
26.0
78,287
70,057
3,523
4,708
6.0
13,884
12,801
1,083
7.8
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove.............
Atlanta ..........................................................
Baltimore.......................................................
Boston ..........................................................
B uffalo..........................................................
Chicago ........................................................
Cincinnati.......................................................
773
675
718
1,123
450
2,382
498
726
623
656
1,030
384
2,137
443
24
19
23
38
26
88
22
23
33
38
56
40
158
33
3.0
4.8
5.4
5.0
8.9
6.6
6.6
142
101
117
232
111
454
95
135
96
107
218
100
416
. 87
7
5
10
15
11
38
8
4.9
5.2
8.3
6.4
9.6
8.4
8.0
Cleveland ......................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth.........................................
Denver-Boulder ............................................
D etroit...........................................................
Houston........................................................
Indianapolis...................................................
Kansas C ity...................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.............................
668
1,140
690
1,417
1,034
428
523
2,564
598
1,074
636
1,199
959
382
478
2,320
25
3327
67
37
16
16
105
44
34
27
151
38
30
28
139
6,6
2.9
3.9
10.7
3.7
6.9
5.4
5.4
126
148
126
269
109
72
78
408
117
140
115
238
100
67
74
377
9
9
10
31
9
5
4
31
7.3
5.9
8.1
11.6
8.3
7.0
5.5
7.7
Baltimore.......................................................
Chicago .........................................................
Cleveland ......................................................
Dallas............................................................
Detroit...........................................................
District of Columbia ......................................
Houston.........................................................
Milwaukee .....................................................
New York ......................................................
Philadelphia...................................................
St. Louis........................................................
Both sexes, 16-19 years
United States .................................................
Metropolitan areas:2
Cities:
Chicago ........................................................
Dallas............................................................
D etroit...........................................................
New York ......................................................
White (both sexes)
United States .................................................
Metropolitan areas:2
See footnotes at end of table.
75
Table 14= Full- and part-tim e status o f the civillian labor fo rc e 16 years and over in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large
citie s by sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages—-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and area
Total
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Total
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Total
Percent of
part-time
labor force
White (both sexes)—Continued
Metropolitan areas:2
Miami ............................................................
Milwaukee .....................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A............................
Nassau-Suffolk .............................................
New York LM A .............................................
Newark .........................................................
Philadelphia...................................................
Pittsburgh......................................................
475
552
894
1,006
2,267
653
1,541
830
436
505
831
910
2,036
605
1,397
727
11
21
28
51
69
16
59
43
29
26
35
45
162
32
85
60
6.1
4.8
3.9
4.5
7.1
4.9
5.5
7.2
74
135
220
203
363
125
291
140
69
125
207
183
334
120
267
126
5
10
13
19
30
5
24
14
6.8
7.4
5.8
9.6
8.1
4.3
8.2
9.9
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario ...............
St. Louis .......................................................
San Diego .....................................................
San Francisco-Oakland................................
San J o s e ......................................................
Seattle-Everett..............................................
Washington D.C.............................................
459
844
607
1,107
497
646
974
402
753
538
1,024
461
590
918
25
30
34
37
15
23
24
32
60
35
46
22
33
31
6.9
7.2
5.8
4.2
4.4
5.1
3.2
93
146
136
217
92
119
160
86
134
128
198
87
112
150
7
12
8
19
5
6
10
7.3
7.9
6.0
8.6
5.9
5.2
6.5
134
780
127
293
160
101
564
213
1,842
389
121
119
684
106
279
125
96
529
192
1,648
339
107
6
25
6
7
9
2
17
9
53
22
4
9
71
15
7
26
3
18
12
140
29
9
6.6
9.1
11.5
2.4
16.4
3.4
3.1
5.5
7.6
7.3
7.8
20
120
23
37
(3)
10
57
45
273
64
18
18
110
21
35
(3)
10
52
42
250
58
17
2
10
2
1
(3)
(4)
5
4
22
6
1
10.4
8.2
7.5
3.8
(3)
(4)
8.3
7.8
8.2
10.0
6.0
11,058
8,967
691
1,400
12.7
1,489
1,231
258
17.3
A tlanta..........................................................
Baltimore......................................................
Boston ..........................................................
Buffalo ..........................................................
Chicago ........................................................
Cincinnati......................................................
164
224
81
45
543
58
136
185
75
32
446
44
12
10
3
3
20
3
17
29
3
11
77
11
10.2
12.9
3.8
23.4
14.1
19.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
57
<
3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
44
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
13
(3)
<
3)
(3)
(3)
<
3)
22.9
(3)
Cleveland .....................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth.........................................
Denver-Boulder ............................................
D etroit...........................................................
Houston........................................................
Indianapolis...................................................
Kansas C ity...................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.............................
126
195
45
334
227
70
72
558
97
167
38
235
199
54
57
482
5
9
3
16
7
5
3
22
23
19
5
83
21
12
11
54
18.5
9.8
11.1
24.7
9.1
16.4
15.8
9.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
70
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
58
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
13
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
17.9
M iam i............................................................
Milwaukee.....................................................
Nassau-Suffolk.............................................
New York L M A .............................................
N ew ark.........................................................
Philadelphia...................................................
Pittsburgh......................................................
152
53
77
843
161
344
56
136
42
66
716
132
266
43
7
2
4
39
6
18
5
10
9
7
88
22
61
8
6.4
16.6
8.9
10.4
13.7
17.6
13.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
91
(3)
49
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
77
(3)
39
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
14
(3)
10
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
15.2
(3)
20.3
(3)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario...............
St. Lou is.......................................................
San Diego .....................................................
San Francisco-Oakland................................
San Jo se .......................................................
Seattle-Everett..............................................
Washington D.C.............................................
43
144
89
282
69
52
394
34
114
73
240
64
46
351
3
9
7
11
1
1
13
7
21
10
31
4
5
30
15.4
14.7
11.3
11.0
5.5
9.0
7.5
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
48
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
41
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
15.2
Cities:
Baltimore.......................................................
Chicago .........................................................
Cleveland ......................................................
Dallas............................................................
D etroit...........................................................
District of Columbia......................................
Houston.........................................................
Milwaukee .....................................................
New York ......................................................
Philadelphia...................................................
St. Louis.......................................................
'
Black and other (both sexes)
United States .................................................
Metropolitan areas:2
See footnotes at end of table.
76
7
Table 14. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force 16 years and over in 30 large metropolitan areas and 11 large
cities by sex, age, and race, 1980 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Part-time labor force
Full-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and area
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules'
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Total
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Employed on
voluntary
part-time'
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Total
Percent of
part-time
labor force
Black and other (both sexes)—Continued
Cities:
Baltimore................. .....................................
Chicago.........................................................
Cleveland ......................................................
Dallas............................................................
Detroit...........................................................
District of Columbia......................................
Houston........................................... r ...........
Milwaukee.....................................................
New York ......................................................
Philadelphia...................................................
St. Louis .......................................................
178
451
82
123
304
185
204
52
784
232
69
144
368
64
107
208
161
178
40
666
171
53
26
67
15
11
81
17
19
9
81
46
12
8
16
4
6
15
8
7
2
36
14
4
21
(3)
(3>
(3)
35
21
(3)
(3)
84
f3)
(3)
19
(3)
(3)
(3)
24
19
(3)
(3)
71
f3)
f3
)
2
(3)
(3)
f3)
12
2
<
3)
(3)
13
<
3)
(3)
9.4
(3)
(3>
(3>
32.8
11.1
(3)
(3)
15.1
(3)
(3)
3 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS publication
standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in the area. See
appendix B.
4 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Numbers may not add to totals because of rounding.
1 Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately
among the full- and part-time employed categories.
2 All are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas except those labeled Labor Market
Area (LMA).
The significance of the difference is discussed in appendix C,
“ Geographic Boundary Definitions” .
14.6
14.8
18.0
8.9
26.6
9.0
9.4
17.4
10.4
19.9
17.1
77
Table 15. Labor force status of the experienced1 labor force by occupation in 30 large metropolitan areas and 11 large cities,
1980 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
White-collar workers
Blue-collar workers
Total
Population group and area
Profes
sional
and tech
nical
workers
Managers
and
adminis
trators,
except
farm
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft and
kindred
workers
Opera
tives,
except
transport
Transport
equip
ment
opera
tives
Nonfarm
laborers
52,760
16,007
11,189
6,455
19,109
34,214
13,413
11,781
3,803
5,216
14,064
Total
Service
workers
Civilian labor force
United States....................................................... 103,867
Metropolitan areas:2
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden G rove..................
Atlanta................................................................
Baltimore ...........................................................
Boston................................................................
Buffalo................................................................
Chicago..............................................................
Cincinnati...........................................................
959
948
1,072
1,440
602
3,399
657
578
560
601
852
293
1,890
322
179
152
193
282
89
589
99
151
132
107
178
55
388
67
75
74
68
85
43
230
42
173
202
233
306
106
684
114
275
263
323
376
220
1,072
236
119
117
131
153
85
417
92
101
74
90
125
73
403
83
(3)
(3)
40
39
(3)
112
27
(3)
48
62
59
35
140
34
104
120
145
212
86
432
96
Cleveland........... ................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth ..............................................
Denver-Boulder..................................................
Detroit ................................................................
Houston .............................................................
Indianapolis .......................................................
Kansas C ity .......................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach..................................
927
1,500
861
2,029
1,387
576
681
3,561
488
807
542
1,025
725
288
372
2,045
139
220
177
320
208
91
102
606
97
165
111 ■
177
152
50
85
447
62
119
67
126
86
38
49
225
189
304
187
401
280
109
137
767
317
517
213
715
504
204
212
1,064
122
213
97
262
243
75
85
388
116
165
61
275
129
75
67
430
34
60
(3)
80
61
(3)
23
112
46
79
(3)
98
71
(3)
38
134
119
166
103
288
151
78
93
447
Miami..................................................................
Milwaukee..........................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul L M A .................................
Nassau-Suffolk...................................................
New York LMA ..................................................
Newark...............................................................
Philadelphia.......................................................
Pittsburgh ...........................................................
710
742
1,146
1,279
3,525
946
2,198
1,021
371
386
682
768
2,099
550
1,220
526
93
117
220
226
614
176
374
182
77
74
136
155
396
113
228
81
45
50
80
98
196
67
143
75
156
144
246
289
893
193
475
188
231
245
293
339
867
279
672
358
86
98
125
150
302
103
269
158
75
96
95
86
309
106
231
104
(3)
25
(3)
(3)
128
(3)
77
(3
)
39
26
(3)
60
128
<
3)
95
55
102
106
164
169
557
114
298
133
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario....................
St. Louis.............................................................
San Diego..........................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.....................................
San Jose ...........................................................
Seattle-Everett...................................................
Washington D.C..................................................
595
1,141
840
1,634
666
822
1,567
292
621
502
1,042
420
500
1,117
80
181
152
344
157
178
426
62
124
117
211
88
99
227
38
84
74
118
44
60
80
112
232
160
369
131
163
384
208
358
213
393
176
219
260
86
148
103
171
66
105
126
52
112
56
107
76
56
46
(3)
42
(3)
52
(3)
(3)
39
43
56
<
3)
64
(3)
(3)
48
80
153
117
195
69
101
189
348
1,370
240
464
512
315
844
313
2,949
706
212
158
642
91
254
207
205
464
141
1,746
354
94
44
216
23
77
53
81
130
41
492
103
29
22
92
(3)
47
(3)
34
90
20
315
47
14
(3)
52
(3)
33
(3)
10
58
19
161
(3)
(3)
77
283
47
97
113
80
186
60
778
168
42
124
501
106
146
216
52
279
118
731
232
73
40
152
29
50
58
19
123
43
244
71
26
40
235
47
46
98
(3)
75
50
276
89
29
(3)
54
16
(3)
28
12
(3)
(3)
109
(3)
(3)
26
61
(3)
30
31
13
(3)
(3)
102
44
(3)
66
226
42
63
89
57
99
55
469
120
45
97,270
50,809
15,613
10,919
6,172
18,105
30,800
12,529
10,346
3,468
4,456
12,958
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden G rove..................
Atlanta................................................................
Baltimore ...........................................................
Boston................................................................
Buffalo................................................................
Chicago..............................................................
Cincinnati...........................................................
931
895
1,004
1,372
550
3,150
607
566
539
581
823
281
1,810
307
176
148
189
273
88
571
96
149
129
104
175
52
374
65
75
71
64
81
41
222
40
165
190
224
295
100
643
106
262
242
289
347
188
940
211
116
111
123
144
77
382
85
95
63
77
115
60
347
72
(3)
(3)
38
37
(3)
96
25
(3)
45
51
51
28
114
29
101
110
131
202
78
396
86
Cleveland...........................................................
Dallas-Fort W o rth ..............................................
Denver-Boulder..................................................
D etroit......... ......................................................
Houston.............................................................
Indianapolis........................................................
Kansas C ity ........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach..................................
855
1,441
823
1,782
1,324
532
639
3,364
470
785
525
964
703
280
360
1,964
136
214
175
309
206
90
100
587
95
163
108
170
150
49
83
435
61
115
64
118
83
37
46
216
179
293
178
368
264
105
131
727
272
493
203
564
476
176
192
978
112
207
94
233
231
66
80
366
94
156
57
191
121
63
57
389
28
57
(3)
67
59
(3)
22
103
37
72
(3)
73
65
(3)
33
120
110
154
91
252
140
72
84
418
Miami..................................................................
Milwaukee..........................................................
672
701
357
374
89
114
75
73
44
49
149
138
214
224
82
92
68
86
(3)
23
35
23
95
99
Cities:
Baltimore ...........................................................
Chicago..............................................................
Cleveland...........................................................
Dallas.................................................................
Detroit ................................................................
District of Columbia...........................................
Houston .............................................................
Milwaukee..........................................................
New Y ork...........................................................
Philadelphia.......................................................
St. Louis.............................................................
Employed
United States...................................................
Metropolitan areas:2
See footnotes at end of table.
78
Table 15. Labor force status of the experienced1 labor force by occupation in 30 large metropolitan areas and 11 large cities,
1980 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
White-collar workers
Population group and area
Total
Total
Profes
sional
and tech
nical
workers
Managers
and
adminis
trators,
except
farm
Blue-collar workers
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft and
kindred
workers
Opera
tives,
except
transport
Transport
equip
ment
opera
tives
Nonfarm
laborers
Service
workers
Employed—Continued
Metropolitan areas:2
Minneapolis-St. Paul L M A .................................
Nassau-Suffolk...................................................
New York LMA ..................................................
Newark...............................................................
Philadelphia........................................................
Pittsburgh ..........................................................
1,100
1,220
3,271
891
2,045
949
662
739
1,985
533
1,170
503
212
220
584
173
366
176
135
150
386
112
221
77
78
92
181
66
136
72
236
277
833
183
447
178
272
315
771
248
602
320
120
143
280
98
251
147
85
77
269
89
206
92
(3)
(3)
114
(3)
70
(3)
(3)
53
108
(3)
75
45
159
163
512
107
266
123
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario.....................
St. Louis.............................................................
San Diego..........................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.....................................
San Jose ...........................................................
Seattle-Everett...................................................
Washington D.C..................................................
556
1,055
791
1,544
636
780
1,497
281
599
484
1,005
410
485
1,079
78
178
147
333
154
174
416
61
122
113
209
87
97
221
37
79
70
114
43
58
77
104
220
153
348
125
155
365
189
308
193
358
161
199
244
81
135
95
162
62
97
121
44
92
50
94
69
50
43
(3)
36
<
3)
48
(3)
(3)
37
39
45
(3)
54
(3)
(*)
42
72
139
107
178
64
94
173
314
1,237
210
445
403
294
802
291
2,726
631
191
150
607
87
249
185
196
448
136
1,647
332
89
43
207
23
76
50
79
128
40
468
101
28
21
88
(3)
46
(3)
34
89
20
306
45
14
(3)
48
(3)
32
(3)
9
56
18
148
<
3)
<
3)
72
264
45
95
97
75
175
58
725
152
40
106
427
85
138
146
47
260
105
647
197
62
35
137
25
48
49
18
115
40
227
64
23
32
197
35
43
57
(3)
70
45
240
76
24
(3)
45
12
(3)
21
11
(3)
(3)
96
(3)
<
3)
21
47
(3)
27
19
11
(3)
(3)
85
34
(3)
58
203
38
57
71
51
92
50
430
101
40
6,596
1,951
395
270
283
1,004
3,414
884
1,436
335
760
1,107
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden G rove..................
Atlanta................................................................
Baltimore ...........................................................
Boston................................................................
Buffalo................................................................
Chicago..............................................................
Cincinnati...........................................................
28
53
68
68
52
249
49
13
21
20
29
12
81
15
3
3
4
9
2
18
3
2
3
3
4
2
14
2
1
3
4
4
2
8
2
7
12
9
11
6
41
8
12
21
34
29
32
132
25
4
6
8
9
8
34
7
6
11
13
10
13
56
11
(3)
(3)
(3)
Cleveland...........................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth ..............................................
Denver-Boulder..................................................
D etroit................................................................
Houston .............................................................
Indianapolis ........................................................
Kansas C ity ........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach..................................
72
59
39
247
63
44
42
197
17
22
17
60
23
8
13
81
4
6
3
11
2
1
2
19
2
2
2
7
2
2
2
13
1
4
3
9
3
1
2
9
10
11
9
33
16
4
6
40
45
24
10
151
29
28
21
86
9
5
3
30
12
9
5
22
21
9
4
83
8
12
10
41
Miami..................................................................
Milwaukee...........................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul L M A .................................
Nassau-Suffolk...................................................
New York LMA ..................................................
Newark...............................................................
Philadelphia........................................................
Pittsburgh ..........................................................
38
40
46
59
254
55
153
71
13
12
20
29
114
17
50
23
4
3
7
5
29
3
8
6
2
1
1
5
10
2
7
4
1
2
2
6
15
2
7
3
6
6
10
12
60
10
28
10
17
21
21
24
95
31
70
38
4.
6
5
7
22
5
17
11
7
11
10
9
39
18
26
11
(3)
2
(3)
(3)
14
(3)
7
(3)
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario.....................
St. Louis............................ .................................
San Diego..........................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.....................................
San J o s e ...........................................................
Seattle-Everett...................................................
Washington D.C..................................................
39
86
49
90
30
42
70
12
22
18
37
10
15
38
2
3
5
11
3
4
10
1
2
3
2
1
2
6
1
4
4
3
1
2
2
8
12
6
20
5
8
20
19
50
20
36
14
20
16
5
13
8
9
4
8
5
8
20
6
13
7
6
3
(3)
Cities:
Baltimore ...........................................................
Chicago..............................................................
Cleveland...........................................................
D allas.................................................................
D etroit................................................................
District of Columbia...........................................
Houston .............................................................
Milwaukee..........................................................
New Y ork...........................................................
Philadelphia.......................................................
St. Louis.............................................................
Unemployed
United States.......................................................
Metropolitan areas:2
See footnotes at end of table.
79
(3)
16
3
3
10
8
7
26
5
5
3
9
7
(3)
12
3
(3)
2
10
(3)
25
6
<
3)
4
14
2
2
7
(3)
4
(3)
(3)
2
4
3
3
10
14
10
8
36
9
10
12
11
36
11
7
9
29
6
20
(3)
20
9
7
7*
5
6
45
7
33
10
5
11
(3)
10
(3)
(3)
6
7
14
10
17
5
8
16
(3)
Table 15. Labor fo rce status o f the experienced1 labor fo rce by occupation in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities,
1980 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
White-collar workers
Population group and area
Total
Total
Managers
Profes
and
sional
adminis
and tech
trators,
nical
except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Sales
workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft and
kindred
workers
Opera
tives,
except
transport
Transport
equip
ment
opera
tives
Nonfarm
laborers
Service
workers
Unemployed—Continued
Cities:
34
133
30
19
109
20
41
22
223
76
21
7
36
4
5
22
9
15
5
100
23
5
6.4
3.7
2.5
2.4
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden G rove..................
Atlanta................................................................
Baltimore ...........................................................
Boston................................................................
Buffalo................................................................
Chicago..............................................................
Cincinnati...........................................................
2.9
5.6
6.3
4.7
8.6
7.3
7.5
2.2
3.8
3.3
3.4
4.2
4.3
4.6
1.6
2.1
2.0
3.3
2.0
3.0
3.4
Cleveland...........................................................
Dallas-Fort W o rth ..............................................
Denver-Boulder..................................................
D etroit................................................................
Houston.............................................................
Indianapolis........................................................
Kansas City^.......................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach..................................
7.8
3.9
4.5
12.2
4.5
7.6
6.2
5.5
3.5
2.7
3.2
5.9
3.1
2.8
3.4
4.0
Miami..................................................................
Milwaukee..........................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul L M A .................................
Nassau-Suffolk...................................................
New York L M A ..................................................
Newark...............................................................
Philadelphia.......................................................
Pittsburgh ..........................................................
5.4
5.4
4.0
4.6
7.2
5.8
7.0
7.0
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario.....................
St. Louis.............................................................
San Diego..........................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.....................................
San J o s e ...........................................................
Seattle-Everett............. .....................................
Washington D.C..................................................
Baltimore ...........................................................
Chicago..............................................................
Cleveland...........................................................
D allas............................... :................................
D etroit................................................................
District of Columbia...........................................
Houston .............................................................
Milwaukee..........................................................
New Y ork...........................................................
Philadelphia........................................................
St. Louis.............................................................
1
9
4
19
3
2
16
5
11
3
53
15
3
19
74
22
8
70
5
19
13
84
34
12
5
15
4
2
9
2
8
3
17
7
3
(3
)
4.4
5.3
10.0
6.6
12.2
1.3
2.5
2.7
2.2
4.3
3.6
2.8
.9
3.7
5.6
4.8
5.3
3.4
4.2
4.2
5.8
4.0
3.7
5.5
6.0
6.8
4.5
8.1
10.6
7.7
14.6
12.4
10.7
3.2
5.0
6.5
5.8
9.9
8.3
7.1
5.8
14.3
14.3
8.2
17.7
13.9
13.6
2.7
2.6
1.5
3.6
1.1
1.5
1.9
3.2
2.5
.9
2.2
3.9
1.3
3.2
2.4
2.8
2.2
3.1
4.9
7.0
3.2
3.1
4.6
4.0
5.1
3.7
4.7
8.3
5.6
3.7
4.5
5.2
14.2
4.7
4.5
21.1
5.7
13.9
9.7
8.1
7.7
2.5
3.3
11.3
4.8
11.9
5.5
5.7
3.6
3.1
2.9
3.8
5.4
3.0
4.1
4.3
4.3
2.5
3.2
2.4
4.8
1.8
2.1
3.2
2.1
1.4
.5
3.3
2.5
1.5
3.2
4.5
2.9
3.5
2.3
6.0
7.6
2.8
4.9
4.5
4.2
4.5
4.1
4.3
6.7
5.0
5.9
5.4
7.5
8.6
7.1
7.0
11.0
11.1
10.4
10.6
6.6
7.6
5.8
5.5
4.5
5.1
4.5
4.1
3.6
3.7
3.6
2.4
3.0
3.4
2.5
1.5
3.1
3.3
1.7
2.0
2.3
1.2
2.0
2.9
.9
.9
2.0
2.8
2.2
5.3
5.0
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
7.3
5.4
4.1
5.6
4.2
4.8
5.1
9.7
9.7
12.4
4.2
21.3
6.5
4.9
7.2
7.6
10.7
10.0
4.7
5.6
3.9
2.1
10.8
4.6
3.3
3.6
5.7
6.4
5.1
2.7
4.1
1.7
1.5
5.1
2.9
1.3
4.1
4.9
2.8
2.7
4.4
4.4
O
1.2
0
2.7
1.1
.4
2.8
4.5
1.7
5.6
6.7
5.4
2.5
13.8
6.2
5.9
4.1
6.9
9.2
6.6
O
1
4
(3
)
1
3
2
2
2
24
3
1
(3
)
4
(3
)
1
(3
)
1
<)
3
1
1
(4
)
9
2
n
1
2
1
13
(3
)
(3
)
7
37
12
3
41
5
6
36
13
6
(3
)
9
3
(3
)
7
1
(3
)
0
13
P)
(3
)
5
14
(3
)
8
23
5
6
17
6
7
5
39
19
5
14.6
7.9
(3
)
2.5
8.2
9.8
4.9
8.9
8.3
9.7
(3
)
3
13
2
(3
>
(3
)
17
10
Unemployment rate
United States.......................................................
8.8
Metropolitan areas:2
(3
)
(3
)
14.6
10.4
6.3
16.9
13.1
20.3
18.4
13.5
18.6
5.4
6.4
30.4
6.3
16.0
15.1
9.4
15.8
5.0
19.3
8.9
4.5
5.8
3.7
4.7
7.2
5.0
6.5
7.0
9.2
11.0
10.4
10.8
12.8
16.5
11.1
10.8
(3
)
9.4
14.0
9.5
9.1
8.0
9.0
6.1
5.4
8.6
7.6
5.2
5.8
7.8
4.3
15.0
14.8
20.3
5.7
32.2
9.5
6.7
10.7
11.5
14.9
15.9
12.0
9.6
12.4
3.4
15.6
9.2
6.7
7.1
7.1
10.2
12.5
5.9
5.4
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
15.7
4.2
25.7
8.7
(3
)
7.2
8.5
8.6
(3
>
(3
)
(3
)
11.2
10.3
10.3
10.3
(3
>
10.9
(3)
9.5
(3)
10.7
15.5
(3)
20.7
17.1
14.5
18.0
11.0
11.9
9.6
11.2
6.4
(3)
16.3
10.9
18.9
P)
P)
7.8
(3)
(3)
4.3
16.0
18.8
15.9
24.8
6.0
41.5
(3)
6.3
1T.5
13.2
14.2
19.1
(3)
16.3
20.3
19.6
22.3
P)
9.6
40.5
12.8
P)
P)
11.9
8.2
7.4
11.2
12.4
7.5
8.7
9.4
6.5
7.1
6.5
3.2
3.8
8.1
6.4
11.0
7.4
9.4
9.1
8.7
8.6
7.9
7.5
8.3
Cities:
Baltimore ...........................................................
Chicago.......... ...................................................
Cleveland...........................................................
D allas.................................................................
D etroit................................................................
District of Columbia...........................................
H ouston.............................................................
Milwaukee..........................................................
New Y ork...........................................................
Philadelphia........................................................
St. Louis.............................................................
1 Excludes persons with no previous full-time work experience.
2 All are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas except those labeled Labor Market
Area (LMA).
The significance of the difference is discussed in appendix C,
"Geographic Boundary Definitions” .
3 Data are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability
P)
7.9
(3)
3.7
(3)
10.5
2.9
4.2
8.1
(3)
(3)
24.9
6.9
(3)
(3)
12.0
(3)
(3)
P)
P)
P)
17.1
23.4
P)
11.5
10.1
11.1
8.8
19.4
10.7
7.6
8.6
8.3
15.5
10.5
for the particular area, based on the sample in the area. See appendix B.
4 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Items may not add to subtotals because of rounding or because farm
workers are included in totals but not shown separately.
80
Table 16. Occupational distribution of employment in 30 large metropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex and race,
1980 annual averages
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and area
White-collar workers
Mana
Profes gers and
sional
adminis Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
Total
97,270
100.0
52.2
16.1
11.2
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove......................
A tlanta...................................................................
Baltimore...............................................................
Boston...................................................................
Buffalo...................................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cincinnati ..............................................................
931
895
1,004
1,372
550
3,150
607
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
60.8
60.2
57.9
60.0
51.1
57.5
50.5
18.9
16.6
18.9
19.9
15.9
18.1
15.8
Cleveland ..............................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth..................................................
Denver-Boulder.....................................................
Detroit....................................................................
Houston.................................................................
Indianapolis...........................................................
Kansas C ity...........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach .....................................
855
1,441
823
1,782
1,324
532
639
3,364
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
55.0
54.5
63.8
54.1
53.1
52.6
56.3
58.4
Miami .....................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LMA.....................................
Nassau-Suffolk......................................................
New York LM A ......................................................
Newark ..................................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
Pittsburgh..............................................................
672
701
1,100
1,220
3,271
891
2,045
949
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario ........................
St. Louis................................................................
San D iego.............................................................
San Francisco-Oakland........................................
San Jose ...............................................................
Seattle-Everett.......................................................
Washington D.C.....................................................
556
1,055
791
1,544
636
780
1,497
Blue-collar workers
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
except
kindred
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Clerical
workers
Total
6.3
18.6
31.7
12.9
10.6
3.6
4.6
13.3
16.0
14.4
10.3
12.7
9.5
11.9
10.7
8.0
8.0
6.4
5.9
7.4
7.1
6.6
17.8
21.3
22.3
21.5
18.2
20.4
17.5
28.2
27.0
28.8
25.3
34.2
29.8
34.8
12.4
12.4
12.2
10.5
13.9
12.1
14.1
10.2
7.0
7.6
8.4
11.0
11.0
11.8
2.6
2.5
3.8
2.7
4.3
3.0
4.1
2.9
5.0
5.1
3.7
5.0
3.6
4.8
10.9
12.3
13.0
14.7
14.2
12.6
14.2
15.9
14.9
21.2
17.3
15.5
16.9
15.6
17.4
11.1
11.3
13.2
9.6
11.3
9.1
13.0
12.9
7.1
8.0
7.8
6.6
6.3
6.9
7.3
6.4
20.9
20.3
21.6
20.6
20.0
19.7
20.4
21.6
31.8
34.2
24.7
31.6
35.9
33.1
30.0
29.1
13.2
14.4
11.4
13.0
17.4
12.5
12.5
10.9
11.0
10.9
6.9
10.7
9.1
11.9
8.9
11.6
3.3
3.9
2.6
3.8
4.4
3.9
3.4
3.1
4.3
5.0
3.8
4.1
4.9
4.8
5.2
3.6
12.8
10.7
11.1
14.1
10.6
13.5
13.2
12.4
53.2
53.4
60.2
60.6
60.7
59.9
57.2
53.0
13.2
16.3
19.3
18.0
17.9
19.4
17.9
18.5
11.2
10.5
12.3
12.3
11.8
12.6
10.8
8.1
6.5
6.9
7.1
7.6
5.5
7.4
6.6
7.6
22.3
19.7
21.5
22.7
25.5
20.6
21.9
18.8
31.8
32.0
24.8
25.8
23.6
27.9
29.4
33.7
12.3
13.1
10.9
11.7
8.6
11.0
12.3
15.5
10.2
12.2
7.7
6.3
8.2
10.0
10.1
9.7
4.2
3.3
3.0
3.5
3.5
2.4
3.4
3.7
5.2
3.3
3.1
4.4
3.3
4.5
3.7
4.8
14.1
14.2
14.4
13.3
15.7
12.0
13.0
12.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.5
56.8
61.2
65.1
64.5
62.1
72.1
14.0
16.9
18.6
21.5
24.3
22.4
27.8
11.0
11.5
14.3
13.5
13.7
12.4
14.8
6.7
7.5
8.8
7.4
6.8
7.5
5.2
18.7
20.8
19.4
22.6
19.7
19.9
24.4
33.9
29.2
24.3
23.2
25.4
25.5
16.3
14.6
12.8
12.1
10.5
9.8
12.4
8.1
8.0
8.7
6.3
6.1
10.8
6.4
2.9
4.4
3.4
2.1
3.1
2.4
2.7
2.5
6.9
4.3
39
3.5
2.3
4.0
2.8
13.0
13.2
13.5
11.5
10.0
12.0
11.6
314
1,237
210
445
403
294
802
291
2,726
631
191
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.9
49.0
41.7
56.0
45.9
66.6
55.9
46.6
60.4
52.6
46.7
13.8
16.7
10.8
17.2
12.4
26.7
15.9
13.7
17.2
15.9
14.8
6.7
7.1
5.9
10.4
5.1
11.4
11.1
7.0
11.2
7.2
7.4
4.4
3.9
3.6
7.2
4.2
3.1
7.0
6.1
5.4
5.3
3.7
23.1
21.3
21.4
21.3
24.2
25.4
21.9
19.9
26.6
24.2
20.8
33.6
34.5
40.3
31.0
36.4
16.1
32.4
36.2
23.7
31.3
32.3
11.1
11.1
12.1
10.8
12.2
6.0
14.3
13.8
8.3
10.2
12.0
10.2
16.0
16.8
9.7
14.2
2.6
8.7
15.3
8.8
12.1
12.3
5.6
3.7
5.9
4.4
5.3
3.8
4.7
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.5
6.7
3.8
5.5
6.1
4.6
3.7
4.7
3.8
3.1
5.3
4.4
18.5
16.4
18.0
12.8
17.7
17.2
11.4
17.2
15.8
16.1
20.9
55,988
100.0
42.4
15.5
14.4
6.0
6.4
44.8
21.0
11.1
5.7
7.0
8.8
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove......................
A tlanta...................................................................
Baltimore...............................................................
Boston ...................................................................
Buffalo ...................................................................
Chicago .................................................................
Cincinnati ..............................................................
540
516
572
764
321
1,805
355
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.2
50.9
46.9
49.7
40.4
48.1
39.5
21.0
15.3
19.9
19.3
15.8
17.3
14.7
19.8
19.2
13.6
15.4
12.1
15.6
13.2
7.4
8.6
5.6
5.9
6.0
7.3
5.5
5.1
7.9
7.8
9.1
6.5
7.9
6.1
38.4
38.7
43.3
37.2
50.2
42.1
50.5
19.7
19.9
20.3
17.4
22.4
19.9
22.9
10.4
7.6
8.6
9.1
14.0
11.6
13.6
4.0
3.8
6.3
4.5
6.0
4.9
6.6
4.3
7.4
8.2
6.1
7.9
5.6
7.4
8.1
10.0
9.3
13.1
8.8
9.6
9.5
Cleveland..............................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth..................................................
Denver-Boulder .....................................................
Detroit....................................................................
Houston.................................................................
Indianapolis...........................................................
Kansas C ity...........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach .....................................
486
836
460
1,037
805
293
366
1,899
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.2
43.5
55.4
43.0
39.1
41.2
46.2
49.2
15.7
14.8
24.2
16.9
14.9
15.9
15.7
18.4
15.3
13.7
16.0
12.3
13.5
11.3
16.9
16.3
7.5
8.1
7.5
6.4
5.4
7.9
7.5
6.4
5.7
6.8
7.7
7.3
5.3
6.2
6.2
8.1
47.4
48.6
36.1
46.7
53.4
49.7
42.5
40.5
22.4
23.1
18.9
21.3
27.4
21.2
19.5
17.9
12.6
11.2
7.4
13.7
12.1
14.1
9.9
11.9
5.4
6.6
4.1
5.5
6.8
7.0
5.4
5.0
7.0
7.7
5.7
6.2
7.1
7.3
7.7
5.6
8.0
7.1
8.1
10.2
6.8
7.7
10.4
10.2
Miami .....................................................................
379
100.0
44.7
14.1
14.5
6.8
9.2
42.9
20.4
7.5
6.7
8.2
11.7
Total, 16 years and over
United S tates.........................................................
Metropolitan areas:1
Cities:
Baltimore...............................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cleveland ..............................................................
Dallas.....................................................................
Detroit....................................................................
District of Columbia..............................................
Houston.................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
New York ..............................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
Men
United S tates........................................................
Metropolitan areas:1
See footnotes at end of table.
81
Table 16. O ccupational distribution of em ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex and race,
1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and area
Number
(thou
sands)
White-collar workers
Percent
Total
Mana
Profes gers and
sional
adminis
Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
kindred
except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Men—Continued
Metropolitan areas:1
Milwaukee.............................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LMA.....................................
Nassau-Suffolk......................................................
New York LM A......................................................
Newark ..................................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
Pittsburgh..............................................................
396
605
731
1,831
494
1,170
582
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.9
52.5
51.1
51.9
50.6
47.0
41.8
16.4
21.2
18.3
17.1
19.4
17.8
19.2
14.5
16.7
17.0
15.0
17.6
14.9
9.6
6.9
7.1
7.9
6.1
6.4
6.3
6.6
7.1
7.4
7.8
13.7
7.2
8.0
6.4
45.8
37.4
36.7
32.8
38.8
42.9
49.9
21.6
18.8
18.6
14.3
18.5
20.5
24.4
13.8
8.4
6.1
6.9
8.8
10.9
12.5
5.3
5.2
5.2
6.1
3.9
5.5
5.8
5.0
4.9
6.8
5.5
7.6
6.0
7.2
8.7
9.2
11.9
15.2
10.4
9.5
7.8
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario ........................
St. Louis................................................................
San D iego.............................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.........................................
San Jose ...............................................................
Seattle-Everett.......................................................
Washington D.C.....................................................
324
595
424
874
360
454
809
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.0
45.3
53.4
55.3
56.7
54.8
63.3
13.5
16.6
19.8
22.4
27.6
23.7
29.5
13.2
14.7
18.4
16.7
16.9
15.2
18.2
5.4
7.1
7.8
7.7
5.7
8.1
5.3
5.9
6.9
7.4
8.5
6.5
7.8
10.3
50.6
43.8
36.4
34.7
33.9
36.2
26.6
23.6
21.4
20.8
17.5
15.5
18.9
14.0
9.3
10.2
6.2
6.4
10.7
7.0
4.1
7.1
5.4
3.3
5.2
4.2
4.2
3.9
10.5
6.8
6.1
5.6
3.5
6.1
4.6
8.4
9.5
8.9
9.8
9.1
8.7
9.9
171
693
114
249
213
145
476
160
1,523
339
97
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.2
36.4
28.8
46.4
26.5
57.2
42.3
34.4
51.6
38.6
33.9
13.7
13.6
9.5
17.2
9.7
27.1
15.4
13.8
16.5
13.8
12.4
8.9
8.6
7.9
13.0
5.9
12.7
13.4
8.2
14.0
9.4
9.4
3.9
4.0
3.5
8.4
2.9
3.2
6.4
4.6
6.1
5.7
3.7
9.8
10.3
7.9
7.8
8.0
14.2
7.0
7.8
15.0
9.7
8.5
50.9
47.9
58.4
44.2
58.8
28.3
49.1
53.8
32.6
47.5
47.7
18.9
18.4
20.6
17.4
22.0
10.9
22.9
23.9
14.0
17.9
21.2
10.7
17.0
18.9
9.6
20.4
3.0
11.5
18.5
7.2
13.3
12.2
9.5
6.1
9.8
7.6
9.1
7.3
7.4
5.4
6.2
6.7
6.6
11.7
6.4
9.1
9.6
7.3
7.1
7.4
6.0
5.2
9.6
7.8
12.9
15.6
12.9
9.2
14.6
14.5
8.2
11.7
15.7
13.7
18.3
41,283
100.0
65.6
16.8
6.9
6.8
35.1
13.8
1.8
10.0
.7
1.2
19.5
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove......................
A tlanta...................................................................
Baltimore...............................................................
Boston ...................................................................
Buffalo...................................................................
Chicago .................................................................
Cincinnati ..............................................................
391
379
432
608
229
1,346
253
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
71.2
73.0
72.4
72.9
66.1
70.0
66.1
16.1
18.4
17.4
20.6
16.2
19.3
17.4
10.9
7.9
6.0
9.4
5.8
6.9
7.0
9.0
7.2
7.4
5.8
9.5
6.8
8.2
35.3
39.5
41.6
37.1
34.6
37.1
33.5
14.0
11.2
9.5
10.3
11.7
13.4
12.7
2.3
2.3
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.7
1.7
10.0
6.3
6.4
7.4
6.8
10.3
9.2
.7
.8
.5
.4
1.9
.5
.5
1.0
1.8
1.0
.8
1.1
.9
1.2
14.7
15.6
17.9
16.7
21.8
16.5
20.9
Cleveland..............................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth..................................................
Denver-Boulder .....................................................
Detroit....................................................................
Houston.................................................................
Indianapolis...........................................................
Kansas C ity...........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach .....................................
369
605
363
745
519
239
273
1,465
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
69.2
69.6
74.4
69.6
74.7
66.5
69.8
70.3
16.1
14.9
17.4
17.9
16.5
18.0
15.5
16.2
5.6
8.0
9.5
5.8
7.9
6.5
7.8
8.5
6.6
7.8
8.2
6.8
7.6
5.7
6.9
6.4
40.9
39.0
39.3
39.2
42.7
36.3
39.5
39.1
11.3
14.3
10.2
10.7
8.8
12.7
13.2
14.3
1.0
2.3
1.9
1.5
1.9
1.7
3.2
1.8
8.9
10.4
6.3
6.7
4.5
9.1
7.4
11.2
.5
.2
.8
1.3
.8
.1
.6
.5
.8
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.8
1.9
.9
19.3
15.7
14.9
19.7
16.4
20.6
16.9
15.3
M iam i.....................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LMA.....................................
Nassau-Suffolk......................................................
New York LM A ......................................................
Newark ..................................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
Pittsburgh..............................................................
293
305
495
489
1,439
396
875
367
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
64.2
64.4
69.6
74.7
71.8
71.5
70.9
70.7
12.1
16.2
17.0 .
17.6
18.8
19.3
18.1
17.5
6.8
5.2
6.9
5.2
7.7
6.3
5.3
5.7
6.1
7.0
7.1
7.0
4.8
8.6
7.1
9.1
39.2
36.0
38.7
44.9
40.5
37.3
40.4
38.3
17.6
14.0
9.4
9.6
11.9
14.2
11.4
7.9
1.7
2.0
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.3
1.3
13.6
10.2
6.8
6.6
9.9
11.5
8.9
5.3
.9
.6
.4
.8
.1
.5
.6
.4
1.4
1.2
.8
.8
.6
.6
.5
.9
17.2
21.3
20.9
15.4
16.3
14.1
17.6
21.1
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario........................
St. Louis................................................................
San D iego.............................................................
San Francisco-Oakland........................................
San Jo se ...............................................................
Seattle-Everett.......................................................
Washington D.C.....................................................
232
460
367
670
277
326
688
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.9
71.5
70.2
77.8
74.5
72.4
82.4
14.7
17.3
17.2
20.4
19.9
20.5
25.8
8.0
7.4
9.6
9.5
9.6
8.5
10.7
8.4
8.0
10.1
7.0
8.1
6.6
5.0
36.7
38.8
33.3
40.9
36.9
36.8
40.9
10.6
10.3
10.4
8.1
14.3
10.6
4.1
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.3
2.4
3.5
1.1
6.2
6.8
6.4
5.7
10.9
5.5
1.5
.7
.7
.7
.4
.1
.7
.7
1.9
1.1
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.8
19.5
17.9
18.8
13.8
11.3
16.7
13.5
Cities:
Baltimore...............................................................
Chicago .................................................................
Cleveland ..............................................................
Dallas....................................................................
Detroit....................................................................
District of Columbia ..............................................
Houston.................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
New York ..............................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
Women
United S tates.........................................................
Metropolitan areas:1
See footnotes at end of table.
82
Table 16. O ccupational distribution of em ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex and race,
1960 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and area
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
White-collar workers
Total
Mana
Profes
gers and
sional
adminis Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
• Blue-collar workers
Clerical
workers
Women—Continued
Total
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
except
kindred
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
1
Cities:
144
545
96
196
190
149
326
131
1,203
291
94
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
61.7
65.1
57.2
68.2
67.5
75.8
75.7
61.5
71.6
68.8
60.1
13.9
20.7
12.4
17.1
15.5
26.3
16.7
13.5
18.0
18.5
17.3
4.1
5.3
3.5
7.0
4.2
10.2
7.6
5.4
7.8
4.6
5.5
5.0
3.7
3.6
5.7
5.5
3.0
7.9
7.9
4.6
4.8
3.8
38.8
35.4
37.6
38.4
42.3
36.4
43.5
34.8
41.2
41.0
33.5
13.0
17.4
18.7
14.3
11.2
4.1
8.1
14.6
12.6
12.3
16.3
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.3
1.3
1.2
1.8
1.3
1.2
1.1
2.5
9.7
14.7
14.3
10.0
7.3
2.1
4.7
11.4
10.8
10.7
12.5
0.9
.5
1.3
.3
.9
.4
.8
.8
.1
.1
.4
0.8
.5
1.2
1.6
1.6
.4
.8
1.1
.5
.4
.9
25.2
17.5
24.1
17.4
21.2
19.9
16.1
23.9
15.8
18.8
23.6
86,380
100.0
53.9
16.5
12.0
6.8
18.6
31.1
13.3
10.1
3.4
4.3
12.1
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove......................
A tlanta...................................................................
Baltimore...............................................................
Boston...................................................................
Buffalo...................................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cincinnati ..............................................................
885
738
787
1,285
510
2,640
552
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
61.4
63.9
62.7
61.0
52.2
59.3
52.2
19.0
17.6
21.1
20.1
16.5
17.8
16.5
16.5
15.7
11.8
13.1
9.9
13.1
11.4
8.1
9.2
7.6
6.1
7.6
8.0
7.0
17.7
21.5
22.3
21.7
18.2
20.4
17.3
27.8
26.0
26.9
25.1
33.7
29.1
34.4
12.7
13.0
12.9
10.5
14.1
12.7
14.3
9.6
6.5
6.6
8.1
10.4
10.0
11.7
2.6
2.0
3.0
2.7
4.4
2.8
4.0
2.9
4.4
4.4
3.8
4.7
3.6
4.5
10.6
9.6
10.0
13.8
13.6
11.4
12.9
Cleveland..............................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth..................................................
Denver-Boulder .....................................................
Detroit....................................................................
Houston.................................................................
Indianapolis...........................................................
Kansas C ity...........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach .....................................
740
1,247
778
1,504
1,096
465
568
2,802
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
57.1
57.5
64.4
55.9
56.6
53.6
58.5
58.8
16.2
15.5
21.3
18.0
16.8
17.3
15.9
17.7
12.0
12.5
13.4
10.6
12.7
9.9
14.2
13.7
8.0
8.8
8.0
7.3
6.9
7.1
7.6
6.8
20.9
20.7
21.7
19.9
20.1
19.4
20.8
20.6
30.7
33.3
24.6
30.9
34.4
32.9
29.4
29.3
13.9
15.2
11.5
13.5
18.6
12.9
12.7
11.0
9.9
10.3
6.5
10.0
8.6
11.4
8.3
12.0
2.7
3.3
2.7
3.5
2.8
4.0
3.4
3.0
4.3
4.5
3.8
3.9
4.4
4.6
5.0
3.3
11.9
8.5
10.6
13.1
8.6
12.6
11.5
11.7
Miami .....................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A.....................................
Nassau-Suffolk......................................................
New York LM A ......................................................
Newark ..................................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
Pittsburgh..............................................................
516
651
1,066
1,144
2,439
741
1,722
896
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
56.2
55.0
60.6
61.7
64.3
63.4
59.6
54.0
14.0
17.0
19.4
18.2
19.4
19.7
18.8
18.8
13.5
10.9
12.5
12.7
13.7
14.2
11.7
8.4
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.8
6.4
8.5
7.1
7.6
21.7
19.9
21.4
23.0
24.9
21.1
22.0
19.1
30.8
31.2
24.7
25.7
23.1
26.2
28.6
33.5
12.4
13.4
10.9
12.0
9.1
11.3
13.1
15.8
10.9
11.5
7.6
5.9
7.5
8.8
9.2
9.5
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.4
3.2
2.0
3.2
3.7
4.2
3.2
3.1
4.4
3.2
4.2
3.1
4.6
12.0
13.2
14.1
12.4
12.5
10.1
11.4
12.1
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario ........................
St. Louis................................................................
San D iego.............................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.........................................
San Jo se ...............................................................
Seattle-Everett......................................................
Washington D.C.....................................................
513
918
700
1,259
562
726
1,092
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.5
58.7
63.1
66.2
64.2
63.0
76.8
14.4
17.1
19.0
22.9
23.4
22.2
31.1
11.6
12.5
15.7
14.8
14.0
12.9
17.3
7.0
8.2
9.5
8.0
7.2
7.7
6.2
18.6
20.9
19.0
20.5
19.6
20.3
22.3
33.4
29.3
23.3
23.4
25.2
25.4
14.6
14.5
13.6
12.6
11.0
10.3
12.6
8.1
7.7
8.4
4.6
5.7
9.8
6.1
2.4
4.6
3.2
2.2
3.4
2.6
2.7
1.7
6.7
4.1
4.0
3.3
2.5
4.0
2.4
12.3
11.0
12.5
10.1
10.5
11.3
8.5
143
819
134
322
156
107
598
242
1,952
419
128
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
59.5
50.6
46.1
62.8
49.5
89.0
62.2
49.8
64.3
56.7
50.7
19.2
16.5
12.1
19.5
12.3
46.6
18.3
15.1
18.9
18.6
16.2
9.9
8.2
7.6
13.0
7.5
20.7
13.1
7.4
13.2
7.4
8.4
7.4
4.9
4.5
8.7
6.4
4.9
8.3
6.9
6.3
5.5
4.7
23.1
21.0
21.8
21.6
23.3
16.8
22.5
20.4
26.0
25.1
21.4
30.3
34.6
38.8
27.8
35.4
4.7
29.0
35.1
23.2
30.7
32.4
13.2
11.9
13.1
11.1
15.0
2.9
15.4
14.5
8.8
11.9
13.3
9.2
15.7
15.4
8.9
12.2
.8
7.5
13.9
8.1
10.9
11.6
3.2
3.1
4.3
2.6
4.7
.5
2.1
3.3
3.3
3.6
3.2
4.7
4.0
6.0
5.2
3.5
.5
4.1
3.4
2.9
4.3
4.1
10.1
14.8
15.0
9.2
14.9
6.2
8.5
15.1
12.4
12.6
16.9
50,337
100.0
44.0
16.1
15.3
6.4
6.2
44.0
21.5
10.7
5.4
6.5
8.0
Baltimore ...-............................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cleveland ..............................................................
Dallas.....................................................................
Detroit....................................................................
District of Columbia..............................................
Houston.................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
New Y o rk ..............................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
White (both sexes)
United S tates.........................................................
Metropolitan areas:’
Cities:
Baltimore...............................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cleveland..............................................................
Dallas.....................................................................
Detroit....................................................................
District of Columbia..............................................
Houston.................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
New Y o rk ..............................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
White men
United S tates.........................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
83
Table 16. Occupational distribution of em ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex and race,
1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and area
Number
(thou
sands)
White-collar workers
Percent
Total
Blue-collar workers
Mana
Profes
gers and
sional adminis Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
kindred
except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Nonfarm
laborers
Service
workers
White men—Continued
Metropolitan areas:1
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove......................
Atlanta...................................................................
Baltimore...............................................................
Boston...................................................................
Buffalo...................................................................
Chicago .................................................................
Cincinnati ..............................................................
516
433
461
714
301
1,546
325
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.4
54.9
52.0
50.9
41.2
50.1
41.4
20.8
16.7
22.7
19.7
16.3
17.8
15.6
20.4
21.0
15.5
15.8
12.5
17.0
14.2
7.3
9.6
6.6
6.2
5.9
8.0
5.8
4.9
7.6
7.2
9.1
6.5
7.3
5.9
38.3
36.5
40.0
37.1
49.4
41.1
49.7
20.1
20.5
21.1
17.5
22.6
20.4
22.9
9.9
7.1
7.5
8.8
13.1
10.5
13.7
4.1
2.9
4.8
4.5
6.1
4.6
6.3
4.2
6.1
6.6
6.3
7.5
5.5
6.7
8.0
7.9
7.5
11.9
8.7
8.6
8.3
Cleveland..............................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth..................................................
Denver-Boulder .....................................................
Detroit...................................................................
Houston.................................................................
Indianapolis...........................................................
Kansas C ity...........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach .....................................
428
732
436
895
679
261
328
1,607
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.4
46.0
55.6
46.1
43.1
42.7
48.3
49.8
16.2
15.7
24.4
18.1
16.8
16.9
16.1
18.6
16.4
15.0
16.1
13.4
15.1
12.1
18.2
17.1
8.4
8.8
7.6
7.3
6.2
8.1
7.8
6.6
5.4
6.5
7.5
7.3
5.1
5.6
6.2
7.4
45.8
47.2
36.3
44.5
50.4
49.3
41.7
40.5
23.3
24.3
19.0
21.6
28.9
21.9
19.7
17.8
11.2
10.6
7.4
12.2
11.2
13.3
9.3
12.5
4.4
5.5
4.3
4.9
3.9
7.1
5.5
4.9
6.8
6.8
5.7
5.7
6.3
6.9
7.2
5.2
7.3
5.9
7.7
9.3
6.0
6.6
9.0
9.6
Miami ....................................................................
Milwaukee .............................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LMA.....................................
Nassau-Suffolk......................................................
New York LM A......................................................
Newark ...................... ...........................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
Pittsburgh..............................................................
295
370
589
690
1,417
419
1,002
549
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.2
46.6
52.9
52.0
55.3
54.6
49.2
42.6
15.4
,17.1
21.5
18.6
18.7
19.8
19.1
19.4
17.3
15.1
17.0
17.5
17.1
20.0
15.9
9.9
7.4
7.3
7.2
8.3
7.0
7.3
6.5
6.6
9.2
7.1
7.2
7.6
12.6
7.4
7.7
6.6
39.2
44.7
37.2
36.3
31.3
36.0
41.7
49.9
20.0
21.9
18.6
18.9
14.7
18.5
21.5
24.9
7.1
12.9
8.4
5.7
6.1
7.6
10.2
12.4
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.0
5.4
3.0
5.1
5.8
6.9
4.7
4.9
6.8
5.1
6.8
4.9
6.9
10.6
8.0
8.9
11.5
13.2
9.2
8.4
7.0
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario ........................
St. Louis................................................................
San Diego .............................................................
San Francisco-Oakland........................................
San Jo se ...............................................................
Seattle-Everett.......................................................
Washington D.C.....................................................
301
530
386
734
318
422
606
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.1
47.1
54.6
56.7
55.7
55.1
68.9
14.1
17.2
19.9
23.5
26.8
23.4
33.3
13.9
15.6
19.5
17.7
17.1
15.7
21.0
5.8
7.7
7.9
8.2
6.1
8.3
6.2
5.4
6.6
7.3
7.3
5.6
7.7
8.3
49.6
43.5
35.6
34.5
34.8
36.4
23.3
23.5
22.3
21.3
17.8
16.3
19.2
13.7
8.8
9.8
4.9
5.9
10.2
6.8
3.4
7.3
5.1
3.2
5.5
4.5
4.0
2.5
10.0
6.4
6.1
5.3
3.8
6.3
3.8
8.2
7.9
8.5
8.6
9.3
8.2
7.6
84
479
76
185
88
55
363
135
1,133
233
68
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.4
37.7
34.8
52.9
33.0
87.3
49.7
37.0
55.3
41.5
37.8
21.1
14.8
11.9
20.5
11.2
50.7
19.0
15.3
18.3
17.2
15.1
13.2
9.6
10.1
15.9
8.0
22.8
15.8
8.6
16.1
8.8
10.3
6.6
4.6
4.8
9.9
5.0
3.7
8.1
5.4
7.0
5.4
4.8
9.5
8.8
8.0
6.6
8.9
10.2
6.8
7.8
13.9
10.1
7.6
41.5
47.2
54.4
39.0
54.1
6.9
43.0
52.6
30.9
46.1
47.4
21.2
19.2
22.1
17.8
25.1
4.5
24.1
24.9
14.2
20.7
22.6
7.9
16.3
15.9
8.9
16.2
.7
9.7
16.9
6.5
11.5
11.1
5.2
5.2
6.9
4.3
7.7
1.0
2.8
5.5
5.6
6.4
6.1
7.2
6.4
9.5
8.0
5.0
.7
6.4
5.3
4.7
7.5
7.6
8.1
15.1
10.8
7.9
12.9
5.8
6.8
10.4
13.7
12.2
14.9
36,043
100.0
67.7
17.0
7.4
7.3
36.0
13.2
1.9
9.4
.7
1.2
17.8
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove......................
Atlanta...................................................................
Baltimore...............................................................
Boston...................................................................
Buffalo...................................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cincinnati ..............................................................
369
305
326
571
209
1,094
227
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
72.5
76.7
77.9
73.8
68.0
72.4
67.7
16.4
18.7
19.0
20.6
16.8
18.0
17.8
11.1
8.2
6.5
9.7
6.2
7.5
7.6
9.2
8.6
8.9
6.0
10.1
8.0
8.7
35.7
41.2
43.5
37.5
35.0
38.9
33.7
13.2
10.9
8.3
10.2
11.0
12.2
12.5
2.4
2.4
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.9
9.3
5.7
5.3
7.1
6.6
9.3
8.8
.6
.9
.4
.5
1.9
.3
.6
1.0
2.0
1.2
.8
.7
.9
1.2
14.2
12.0
13.5
16.0
20.6
15.4
19.4
Cleveland..............................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth..................................................
Denver-Boulder ....................................................
Detroit...................................................................
Houston.................................................................
Indianapolis...........................................................
Kansas C ity...........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach ....................................
313
515
342
609
417
205
241
1,196
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
71.6
73.9
75.7
70.3
78.5
67.5
72.3
70.9
16.1
15.3
17.3
17.9
17.0
17.7
15.6
16.4
6.0
9.0
9.9
6.5
8.8
7.0
8.7
9.1
7.4
8.8
8.5
7.4
8.1
5.7
7.4
7.1
42.1
40.8.
39.9
38.5
44.6
37.1
40.6
38.4
10.1
13.4
9.6
11.0
8.4
12.2
12.8
14.4
.9
2.3
2.0
1.7
2.0
1.5
3.2
1.9
8.1
9.7
5.5
6.8
4.2
8.9
6.8
11.4
.3
.1
.8
1.4
.9
.2
.7
.4
.8
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.6
2.1
.7
18.1
12.2
14.2
18.6
12.9
20.2
14.8
14.6
M iam i....................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
221
281
100.0
100.0
65.5
66.2
12.1
.16.8
8.4
5.3
6.6
7.3
38.4
36.8
19.7
13.5
2.2
2.1
16.0
9.7
.8
.5
.7
1.2
14.0
20.0
Cities:
Baltimore...............................................................
Chicago .................................................................
Cleveland ......................................... ,...................
Dallas....................................................................
Detroit....................................................................
District of Columbia..............................................
Houston.................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
New York ..............................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
White women
United S tates.........................................................
Metropolitan areas:1
____
See footnotes at end of table.
84
Table 16. O ccupational distribution of em ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex and race,
1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and area
Number
(thou
sands)
White-collar workers
Percent
Total
Mana
Profes
gers and
sional
adminis
Sales
and
trators, workers
technical
except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
kindred
except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
White women—Continued
Metropolitan areas:1
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A.....................................
Nassau-Suffolk......................................................
New York LM A ......................................................
Newark ..................................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
Pittsburgh..............................................................
477
454
1,022
322
721
348
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
70.1
76.4
76.8
74.9
74.0
71.9
16.9
17.5
20.4
19.5
18.5
18.0
7.0
5.4
8.9
6.6
5.9
6.0
7.4
7.2
5.6
10.0
7.9
9.1
38.9
46.3
41.9
38.8
41.7
38.8
9.3
9.5
11.7
13.5
10.4
7.6
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.9
1.3
1.4
6.7
6.3
9.5
10.3
7.9
5.0
0.4
.9
.2
.7
.6
.4
0.8
.8
.7
.7
.5
.8
20.5
13.8
11.5
11.3
15.5
20.3
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario.......................
St. Louis................................................................
San Diego .............................................................
San Francisco-Oakland........................................
San Jose ...............................................................
Seattle-Everett......................................................
Washington D.C..................................................;...
212
388
313
525
244
303
485
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
69.1
74.5
73.6
79.6
75.4
74.0
86.8
14.8
16.9
17.9
22.1
19.0
20.6
28.3
8.3
8.2
10.9
10.8
10.0
8.9
12.6
8.8
9.0
11.4
7.8
8.7
6.8
6.2
37.3
40.4
33.5
38.9
37.7
37.7
39.8
10.5
9.8
8.1
8.0
12.7
10.1
3.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.5
2.5
3.3
1.0
6.1
6.4
4.2
5.4
9.3
5.1
1.1
.6
.6
.9
.5
.1
.8
.6
2.0
1.0
1.3
.6
.8
.9
.8
18.2
15.3
17.5
12.1
12.0
15.6
9.6
59
339
58
137
68
53
235
108
819
186
61
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
72.4
68.8
60.9
76.3
71.1
90.7
81.5
65.8
76.9
75.6
65.1
16.4
19.0
12.4
18.1
13.9
42.4
17.2
14.8
19.7
20.4
17.4
5.1
6.2
4.4
9.1
6.9
18.6
8.8
5.8
9.1
5.7
6.2
8.6
5.4
4.1
7.1
8.2
6.2
8.7
8.8
5.4
5.6
4.7
42.3
38.2
39.9
41.9
42.1
23.6
46.8
36.3
42.6
43.9
36.9
14.3
16.8
18.4
12.6
11.2
2.3
7.5
13.2
12.5
11.4
15.7
1.7
1.5
1.4
2.1
1.8
1.3
1.9
1.4
1.4
.9
3.0
10.9
14.9
14.8
8.8
7.0
.8
4.1
10.2
10.4
10.0
12.2
.5
(2)
.9
.4
.7
(2)
1.0
.6
.1
.1
(2)
1.2
.5
1.4
1.4
1.7
.2
.6
1.0
.5
.3
.4
13.0
14.4
20.6
11.0
17.4
6.6
11.0
21.1
10.7
13.0
19.2
10,890
100.0
39.2
12.7
5.2
2.9
18.4
35.9
9.6
14.5
4.9
6.9
23.1
A tlanta...................................................................
Baltimore...............................................................
Boston ...................................................................
Buffalo...................................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cincinnati ..............................................................
157
218
87
40
510
55
100.0
100.0
100.0
•100.0
100.0
100.0
42.8
40.4
44.2
36.7
47.8
33.9
12.0
10.6
16.7
8.9
19.5
9.3
8.4
5.2
7.4
4.5
5.5
2.7
2.2
2.1
2.5
4.9
2.2
2.9
20.2
22.5
17.6
18.4
20.6
18.9
32.0
35.5
27.2
41.2
33.5
38.4
9.6
9.6
9.5
11.5
9.5
11.8
9.6
11.4
12.3
17.9
16.3
13.0
4.6
6.7
3.1
2.7
4.0
4.9
8.1
7.8
2.3
9.1
3.7
8.7
25.1
23.9
28.6
22.3
18.7
27.7
Cleveland ..............................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth..................................................
Denver-Boulder .....................................................
Detroit....................................................................
Houston.................................................................
Indianapolis...........................................................
Kansas C ity...........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach .....................................
114
195
44
278
228
66
71
562
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.0
35.1
53.1
44.5
36.3
45.4
38.7
56.4
139
10.7
20.2
13.7
9.3
14.0
13.0
16.4
5.1
3.6
9.1
3.8
4.7
4.0
3.8
9.1
1.5
2.6
3.9
2.7
3.2
6.1
4.1
4.4
21.5
18.3
19.9
24.3
19.2
21.3
17.8
26.5
38.9
40.1
27.1
35.5
43.2
34.1
34.4
27.7
8.6
9.2
9.7
10.4
11.6
9.2
10.8
10.1
18.3
14.7
13.6
14.6
11.8
15.1
13.8
9.4
7.5
8.0
.1
5.2
12.5
3.2
3.0
3.3
4.5
8.2
3.6
5.4
7.3
6.7
6.8
4.9
19.1
24.5
19.8
20.0
20.0
19.8
26.9
15.9
M iam i.....................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
Nassau-Suffolk ......................................................
New York LM A ......................................................
Newark ..................................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
Pittsburgh..............................................................
156
51
76
832
150
322
53
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.3
31.9
44.3
50.0
42.6
44.5
36.5
10.9
7.9
16.2
13.3
18.0
13.0
13.3
3.4
5.2
6.3
6.3
4.5
5.9
3.0
4.8
1.8
3.6
3.1
2.0
4.2
7.3
24.2
16.9
18.1
27.3
18.2
21.4
12.9
35.2
41.3
28.6
25.0
35.9
33.8
36.6
11.9
9.8
7.3
6.9
9.5
8.1
10.8
7.8
21.7
12.4
10.3
15.8
14.5
13.8
7.0
4.3
5.0
4.2
4.4
4.3
3.9
8.5
5.5
3.8
3.5
6.1
6.9
8.1
20.9
26.8
27.2
24.9
21.3
21.6
26.9
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario........................
St. Louis................................................................
San D iego......................... -...................................
San Francisco-Oakland........................................
San J o s e ...............................................................
Seattle-Everett......................................................
Washington D.C.....................................................
43
137
91
285
74
54
405
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.5
44.0
46.1
60.0
66.3
50.8
59.3
9.9
15.7
15.8
15.5
30.4
24.5
18.9
4.5
5.3
4.1
7.9
12.0
6.3
8.0
2.4
2.7
4.1
4.7
3.2
4.9
2.5
20.7
20.4
31.9
20.7
15.1
29.9
39.5
28.6
32.6
21.9
26.9
27.1
20.9
15.0
7.3
8.1
8.1
6.0
10.5
8.1
11.6
11.3
19.3
7.8
18.2
10.1
4.3
2.9
4.6
1.6
1.9
1.4
3.7
4.7
10.1
5.5
3.6
4.2
1.3
2.8
3.9
21.4
27.3
21.1
17.9
6.8
22.1
19.8
171
419
76
123
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.2
45.9
34.0
38.1
9.2
17.1
8.5
11.1
4.0
5.1
2.9
3.4
1.8
1.8
1.9
3.3
23.1
22.0
20.7
20.3
36.3
34.4
42.9
39.5
9.3
9.6
10.3
9.9
11.1
16.4
19.1
12.1
7.5
4.8
8.8
9.1
8.4
3.6
4.7
8.5
25.5
19.7
23.2
22.4
Cities:
Baltimore...............................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cleveland..............................................................
Dallas.....................................................................
Detroit....................................................................
District of Columbia ..............................................
Houston.................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
New York ..............................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
Black and other (both sexes)
United S tates.........................................................
Metropolitan areas:1
722 .2
Cities:
Baltimore...............................................................
Chicago .................................................................
Cleveland..............................................................
Dallas.....................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
85
Table 16. Occupational distribution o f em ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex and race,
1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and area
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
White-collar workers
Total
Mana
Profes
gers and
sional
adminis Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
kindred
except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Black and other (both sexes)—Continued
C ities:
Detroit....................................................................
District of Columbia..............................................
Houston.................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
New Y o rk ............................ „ ................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
247
100.0
187
100.0
204 . 100.0
48
100.0
774
100.0
212
100.0
63
100.0
43.5
53.8
37.5
30.8
50.5
44.5
38.7
12.5
15.2
9.1
6.7
12.8
10.6
12.1
3.6
6.0
5.2
4.9
6.3
6.6
5.5
2.8
2.1
3.2
2.0
3.2
4.9
1.6
24.7
30.4
20.0
17.2
28.2
22.3
19.4
36.9
22.6
42.4
41.7
25.1
32.4
32.2
10.5
7.7
11.1
10.2
7.1
6.8
9.4
15.5
3.6
12.3
22.2
10.5
14.6
13.8
5.6
5.7
12.5
3.4
4.0
3.7
4.1
5.3
5.6
6.5
5.9
3.5
7.4
4.9
19.5
23.6
20.1
27.6
24.2
23.1
29.1
Black and other men
5,651
100.0
28.4
10.7
6.7
2.7
8.4
52.7
17.1
14.8
8.8
12.0
16.0
A tlanta...................................................................
Baltimore...............................................................
Boston...................................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cincinnati ..............................................................
83
111
50
259
30
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
29.6
25.9
32.4
36.1
18.5
7.6
8.6
13.0
14.3
5.3
9.7
6.0
9.1
7.0
3.1
3.0
1.2
2.0
2.8
2.1
9.2
10.0
8.3
12.0
8.0
49.8
57.1
38.0
48.0
59.2
16.5
17.1
16.0
16.6
22.0
10.3
12.7
13.4
18.0
13.3
8.4
12.3
5.4
7.0
9.3
14.6
15.0
3.2
6.3
14.6
20.5
16.7
29.6
15.9
22.3
Cleveland..............................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth..................................................
Detroit....................................................................
Houston.................................................................
Indianapolis...........................................................
Kansas C ity...........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach ................................ .
58
104
142
126
32
38
292
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
28.0
26.3
23.4
18.0
29.6
28.1
46.1
12.2
8.9
9.6
4.9
8.0
12.0
17.2
6.4
4.9
5.0
5.3
4.6
5.6
11.7
.8
3.2
1.3
1.2
6.4
4.5
5.0
8.6
9.4
7.4
6.6
10.6
6.0
12.2
59.3
58.2
60.7
69.6
53.0
49.7
40.3
15.1
15.2
19.6
19.7
15.7
17.3
18.3
23.1
15.1
22.6
16.7
20.5
15.1
8.3
12.9
14.4
9.3
22.0
6.5
5.3
5.7
8.2
13.5
9.3
11.2
10.4
12.0
7.9
12.7
15.1
15.9
11.6
16.1
22.1
13.6
M iam i.....................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
New York LM A ............................... ......................
New ark..................................................................
Philadelphia..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.........................................
San Jo se ...............................................................
Washington D.C.....................................................
84
27
414
76
168
65
140
41
203
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
28.7
21.4
40.3
28.5
33.7
31.1
48.2
65.2
46.7
9.6
6.7
11.7
17.2
10.1
11.7
16.4
33.5
18.0
4.8
6.7
7.9
4.1
9.1
7.6
11.3
16.0
9.7
4.9
.5
3.2
1.3
4.9
2.6
5.4
2.6
2.7
9.4
7.5
17.5
6.0
9.6
9.3
15.1
13.1
16.3
55.8
60.6
37.7
54.3
50.0
46.0
35.8
27.6
36.5
21.7
18.1
13.0
18.4
14.2
14.1
15.9
9.4
15.0
9.0
27.0
9.6
15.2
15.3
13.8
8.5
14.5
6.3
12.1
6.4
8.4
8.8
7.5
8.2
3.8
2.3
8.3
12.9
9.0
6.7
12.0
12.9
9.9
7.6
1.5
7.0
15.5
18.0
21.8
16.7
16.2
22.8
15.8
7.2
16.8
87
213
38
64
125
91
112
26
390
107
30
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
22.5
33.4
16.8
27.8
22.0
38.9
18.5
20.9
40.8
32.3
25.1
6.4
11.0
4.6
7.9
8.6
12.9
4.1
6.2
11.4
6.3
6.3
4.7
6.3
3i
4.6
4.5
6.5
5.6
6.2
7.8
10.6
7.2
1.3
2.5
.9
4.0
1.5
2.9
1.1
.6
3.4
6.4
1.1
10.1
13.6
7.6
11 3
7.4
16.6
7.8
7.9
18.2
9.0
10.6
59.9
49.7
66.2
59 1
62.2
,41.3
68.9
60.0
37.3
50.6
48.6
16.7
16.6
17.7
16 2
19.7
14.7
18.9
18.9
13.2
12.0
17.9
13.4
18.5
24.7
11 4
23.4
4.4
17.1
27.0
9.4
17.2
14.6
13.7
8.2
15.6
17“1—
10.1
11.2
22.3
4.7
8.1
7.3
7.7
16.1
6.4
8.3
14 4
9.0
11.0
10.6
9.5
6.6
14.1
8.4
17.5
16.9
17.0
13 1
15.8
19.7
12.6
19.1
21.6
17.1
26.1
5,239
100.0
50.9
14.8
3.7
3.1
29.3
17.7
1.4
14.3
.6
1.4
30.8
A tlanta...................................................................
Baltimore...............................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cincinnati ..............................................................
74
107
252
26
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
57.5
55.6
59.8
51.6
17.0
12.7
24.9
13.8
6.9
4.3
3.9
2.2
1.2
3.1
1.6
3.9
32.4
35.5
29.5
31.5
12.2
13.1
18.6
14.6
1.9
1.9
2.1
.1
8.9
10.0
14.4
12.7
.4
.9
1.0
(2)
1.0
.4
1.1
1.9
30.3
31.3
21.5
33.9
Cleveland..............................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth..................................................
Detroit....................................................................
Houston.................................................................
Indianapolis...........................................................
Kansas C ity...........................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach .....................................
56
91
136
102
34
33
270
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
56.3
45.2
66.6
59.0
60.6
51.1
67.6
15.7
12.7
18.0
14.7
19.9
14.2
15.6
3.6
2.1
2.5
3.9
3.4
1.7
6.3
2.3
1.9
4.1
5.6
5.9
3.7
3.6
34.8
28.5
42.0
34.8
31.5
31.4
42.1
18.0
19.4
9.2
10.6
15.9
16.5
14.0
1.9
2.5
.8
1.6
3.0
3.1
1.3
13.5
14.2
6.2
5.8
9.8
12.3
10.4
2.0
.6
.9
.7
(2)
.3
.8
.7
2.2
1.3
2.5
3.1
.7
1.5
25.7
35.3
24.2
30.4
23.4
32.4
18.4
M iam i.....................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
72
24
100.0
100.0
60.3
43.4
12.3
9.3
1.8
3.6
4.7
3.2
41.5
27.3
11.2
20.0
.4
.5
6.3
15.9
1.1
1.9
3.4
1.8
27.2
36.5
United S tates.........................................................
M e tro p o lita n a re a s :1
C ities:
Baltimore...............................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cleveland..............................................................
Detroit....................................................................
District of Columbia..............................................
Houston.................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
New Y o rk ..............................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
Black and other women
United S tates.........................................................
M e tro p o lita n a re a s :1
L______
See footnotes at end of table.
86
Table 16. O ccupational distribution of em ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex and race,
1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total employment)
Total employment
Population group and area
Number
(thou
sands)
SI
White-collar workers
Mana
Profes gers and
sional
adminis Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Blue-collar workers
Clerical
workers
Total
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
kindred
except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Percent
Total
417
74
154
73
53
145
203
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
59.7
57.0
56.3
55.5
49.5
71.4
71.8
14.8
18.8
16.2
19.2
12.9
14.6
19.8
4.7
4.9
2.4
3.2
2.1
4.7
6.3
3.0
2.7
3.4
2.8
2.4
4.1
2.2
37.1
30.6
34.2
30.3
32.2
48.1
43.5
12.3
17.0
16.2
13.1
23.9
8.5
5.4
0.9
.5
1.4
1.2
2.8
.7
1.2
11.0
16.5
13.6
9.0
19.6
7.0
2.4
0.1
(2)
.7
1.3
(2)
(2)
1.0
0.4
.1
.5
1.5
1.5
.9
.8
28.0
26.0
27.5
31.4
26.6
20.0
22.8
84
205
38
59
122
96
91
23
384
105
33
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
54.2
58.9
51.4
49.3
65.5
67.7
60.9
41.7
60.4
56.9
50.8
12.1
23.4
12.4
14.7
16.4
17.5
15.4
7.2
14.2
15.0
17.3
3.3
3.7
2.1
2.1
2.7
5.5
4.7
3.5
4.9
2.6
4.1
2.4
1.0
2.9
2.4
4.0
1.3
5.8
3.5
2.9
3.5
2.1
36.4
30.8
34.0
30.2
42.4
43.4
35.0
27.4
38.3
35.8
27.3
12.1
18.5
19.2
18.1
11.2
5.1
9.9
21.3
12.8
14.0
17.4
1.6
2.2
2.8
2.9
1.0
1.1
1.6
.5
.8
1.5
1.7
8.8
14.3
13.5
12.8
7.5
2.9
6.4
16.9
11.6
11.9
13.0
1.2
1.3
2.0
.3
1.1
.6
.4
2.0
(2)
.1
1.0
.5
.6
1.0
2.0
1.6
.5
1.4
1.9
.4
.5
1.8
33.7
22.6
29.4
32.5
23.3
27.2
29.3
37.0
26.9
29.1
31.7
Black and other women—Continued
M e tro p o lita n a re a s :1
New York LM A ........................ ...........................
Newark..................................................................
Philadelphia..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
San D iego.............................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.........................................
Washington D.C. ...................................................
Cities:
Baltimore...............................................................
Chicago.................................................................
Cleveland ..............................................................
Dallas.....................................................................
Detroit....................................................................
District of Columbia..............................................
Houston.................................................................
Milwaukee.............................................................
New Y o rk ..............................................................
Philadelphia ..........................................................
St. Louis................................................................
1 All are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas except those labeled Labor Market
Area (LMA).
The significance of the difference is discussed in appendix C,
“ Geographic Boundary Definitions” .
2 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total employed.
NOTE: Items may not add to total because of rounding or because farm workers
are included in totals but are not shown separately. Data are not shown separately for
black and other races when the employment estimate for black and other races is not
sufficiently large to meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area,
based on the sample size in that area. See appendix B.
87
Table 17. SMonagiriculSural w age and salary em ploym ent by hours of work in 30 large m eropolitan areas and 11 large cities,
1980 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Persons at work by hours
Population group and area
Total at work
1-14
hours
15-29
hours
30-34
hours
35-39
hours
Average hours
40
hours
41-48
hours
49 hours
and over
Total
Full-time
schedules1
81,590
4,028
9,709
6,214
6,086
36,791
8,243
10,520
38.1
42.1
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove.....
A tla n ta ..................................................
Baltimore ..............................................
Boston ..................................................
Buffalo ..................................................
Chicago ................................................
Cincinnati..............................................
797
780
896
1,223
484
2,767
523
34
27
36
68
30
132
31
90
77
99
176
72
314
61
63
49
79
108
41
206
36
39
49
70
116
42
229
37
359
371
418
518
220
1,286
228
90
84
86
95
40
259
60
121
122
108
143
39
339
71
38.8
39.4
38.2
36.8
36.0
37.9
37.8
43.9
43.6
43.0
42.9
42.2
42.9
43.4
Cleveland .............................................
Dallas-Fort W orth.................................
Denver-Boulder.....................................
D etroit...................................................
Houston................................................
Indianapolis..........................................
Kansas C ity..........................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.....................
750
1,246
720
1,563
1,152
455
555
2,868
37
39
36
78
35
24
22
104
89
114
84
200
99
50
63
322
53
69
49
133
71
38
43
207
46
64
41
95
56
37
31
137
354
591
311
711
541
202
256
1,521
76
152
90
148
147
40
58
248
95
217
109
198
201
64
83
330
38.0
40.2
38.5
37.7
40.5
38.3
39.0
38.3
43.3
44.2
43.8
43.3
44.4
43.5
43.9
42.8
Miami ....................................................
Milwaukee ............................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A....................
Nassau-Suffolk .....................................
New York LMA .................................
Newark .................................................
Philadelphia..........................................
Pittsburgh .............................................
595
616
963
1,066
2,873
789
1,781
829
15
42
57
56
99
34
92
41
57
84
131
151
363
86
225
98
29
45
79
68
176
47
126
66
38
37
65
157
586
106
154
56
350
258
4Q4
435
1,219
370
822
426
44
73
109
80
185
65
182
68
63
79
118
119
244
81
181
74
38.9
37.1
37.2
37.0
37.1
37.7
37.2
37.2
42.3
43.4
43.3
42.4
41.3
42.0
42.5
42.2
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario ......
St. Louis ...............................................
San Diego ............................................
San Francisco-Oakland........................
San J o s e ..............................................
Seattle-Everett......................................
Washington D.C.....................................
453
930
653
1,301
547
665
1,342
25
49
34
67
24
37
51
58
105
85
157
63
82
149
39
64
59
109
44
63
142
20
60
35
80
26
32
91
208
449
296
633
274
301
621
47
90
62
102
47
69
112
56
112
83
154
68
81
175
37.4
37.9
37.6
37.5
38.1
37.5
38.1
43.3
43.0
43.4
42.9
43.1
43.3
43.2
284
1,109
189
389
359
265
697
257
2,399
558
170
12
39
9
11
13
7
19
14
75
20
7
30
110
23
35
43
27
56
32
298
78
20
27
94
14
23
32
26
40
22
133
43
12
22
100
12
19
24
17
33
17
506
56
12
149
586
98
194
195
141
347
114
1,053
279
93
20
87
18
45
22
16
91
32
146
48
14
25
92
15
61
30
30
111
27
187
34
13
37.5
37.8
37.1
39.9
37.2
38.3
40.4
37.2
37.1
36.8
37.3
42.1
41.9
42.0
43.6
41.8
42.5
44.0
42.7
41.0
41.5
41.6
United States .........................................
Metropolitan areas:2
Cities:
Baltimore..............................................
Chicago ................................................
Cleveland .............................................
D allas....................................................
D etroit...................................................
District of Columbia .............................
Houston............... .................................
Milwaukee............................................
New York .............................................
Philadelphia..........................................
St. Louis ...............................................
1 Refers to persons who work 35 or more hours during the survey week and those
who usually work full time but worked 1 to 34 hours because of noneconomic reasons.
2 All are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas except those labeled Labor Market
Area (LMA).
The significance of the difference is discussed in appendix C,
“ Geographic Boundary Definitions".
88
Table 18. Unem ployed persons by duration o f unem ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex, age,
and race, 1980 annual averages
(Percent of total unemployment)
Percent unemployed by duration of unemployment
Population group and area
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Total
Less than
5 weeks
5-14
weeks
15-26
weeks
27-51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
Total, 16 years and over
7,448
100.0
43.1
32.4
13.8
6.5
4.3
A tla n ta ..................................................
Baltimore ..............................................
Boston ..................................................
Buffalo ..................................................
Chicago .............................................. '..
Cincinnati..............................................
57
80
75
63
286
55
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.9
41.2
45.9
35.8
41.1
38.4
28.7
30.4
30.6
28.1
31.5
33.1
11.0
14.9
10.9
16.7
14.1
13.3
2.6
6.4
7.5
11.3
8.6
9.6
3.8
7.2
5.1
8.0
4.7
5.6
Cleveland .............................................
Dallas-Fort W orth.................................
Denver-Boulder.....................................
D etroit...................................................
Houston................................................
Indianapolis..........................................
Kansas C ity ..........................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.....................
80
66
44
276
73
48
46
237
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.8
63.9
57.4
37.3
67.2
41.2
44.7
47.4
31.1
25.1
31.8
29.6
26.9
32.2
33.1
31.0
14.6
7.1
9.1
16.1
4.2
14.7
14.3
11.4
10.7
3.4
1.6
10.5
1.0
6.3
4.0
6.8
3.8
.6
.1
6.6
.7
5.6
4.0
3.4
Miami ....................................................
Milwaukee ............................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A ....................
Nassau-Suffolk .....................................
New York L M A .....................................
Newark .................................................
Philadelphia..........................................
Pittsburgh .............................................
45
47
52
73
293
62
179
83
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.0
44.2
54.0
45.0
39.4.
44.4
37.8
38.7
42.6
35.0
26.9
31.1
30.8
30.2
32.4
33.0
14.3
11.6
11.3
14.8
14.1
13.0
15.6
14.8
5.4
6.6
4.5
5.9
7.3
6.9
5.3
8.8
1.6
2.6
3.2
3.2
8.3
5.6
8.9
4.7
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario .......
St. Louis ...............................................
San Diego ............................................
San Francisco-Oakland........................
Seattle-Everett......................................
Washington D.C.....................................
46
97
54
104
44
79
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.9
37.8
48.2
44.8
46.1
43.4
32.4
30.1
31.3
33.0
33.4
33.0
17.0
18.7
13.2
12.1
14.6
14.9
4.6
9.1
4.4
4.3
4.6
5.3
6.1
4.3
2.8
5.9
1.2
3.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
32.8
40.5
31.7
35.6
41.6
66.0
38.1
38.6
38.8
32.8
31.7
31.8
33.5
29.4
35.1
29.6
38.3
31.4
26.2
31.4
18.2
14.5
18.5
14.9
13.5
2.5
14.7
14.1
16.0
20.1
8.7
8.3
10.6
9.7
6.2
.6
6.4
7.6
6.2
7.3
8.7
4.9
5.7
10.5
3.6
1.2
2.5
8.3
12.7
8.4
3,261
100.0
35.5
33.1
16.8
8.5
6.2
Baltimore..............................................
Chicago ................................................
36
132
100.0
100.0
36.7
31.4
31.9
34.3
14.7
15.6
8.8
12.2
7.9
6.5
Cleveland .............................................
D etroit...................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.....................
Milwaukee ............................................
New York L M A .....................................
Philadelphia..........................................
St. Louis ...............................................
San Francisco-Oakland........................
Washington D.C.....................................
40
142
100
21
139
79
45
49
28
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.7
32.8
40.7
33.3
32.0
26.7
28.6
34.1
36.5
28.8
27.9
29.8
38.8
27.7
35.0
32.5
37.2
35.1
19.2
16.5
13.7
16.8
16.3
18.7
25.2
14.1
17.1
11.8
13.3
9.8
8.3
10.6
6.8
9.0
6.1
5.8
6.5
9.4
6.0
2.8
13.4
12.8
4.8
8.4
5.6
19
76
19
67
10
124
40
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
29.2
31.6
28.6
30.3
39.9
31.3
23.0
32.0
34.0
31.9
29.5
34.0
28.3
30.1
19.9
17.7
19.1
15.5
13.0
16.2
19.7
11.1
11.7
11.9
10.7
7.2
11.3
8.9
7.9
5.1
8.7
14.0
5.9
13.1
18.3
United States .........................................
Metropolitan areas:’
Cities:
Baltimore ..............................................
Chicago ................................................
Cleveland .............................................
D etroit...................................................
District of Columbia .............................
Houston ................................................
Milwaukee ............................................
New York .............................................
Philadelphia..........................................
St. Louis ...............................................
39
157
34
122
23
47
26
257
89
24
*
Men, 20 years and over
United S ta te s.........................................
Metropolitan areas:1
Cities:
Baltimore..............................................
Chicago ................................................
Cleveland .............................................
D etroit...................................................
District of Columbia .............................
New York .............................................
Philadelphia..........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
89
Table 18. Unem ployed persons by duration o f unem ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex, age,
and race, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total unemployment)
Percent unemployed by duration of unemployment
Population group and area
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Total
Less than
5 weeks
5-14
weeks
15-26
weeks
27-51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
Women, 20 years and
over
2,547
100.0
46.0
31.4
12.8
6.2
3.6
93
83
77
102
62
31
34
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.0
39.7
50.3
43.1
42.9
39.7
44.1
28.2
29.5
31.1
34.8
29.5
31.8
32.5
14.8
17.2
9.9
12.8
15.2
13.6
14.7
6.6
9.5
7.2
5.2
5.6
10.4
6.0
4.3
4.1
1.6
4.1
6.9
4.5
2.8
49
36
10
90
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.8
40.0
41.2
42.4
28.3
31.7
37.6
35.5
12.3
14.0
13.4
12.4
5.4
8.7
6.1
5.4
7.2
5.6
1.8
4.4
1,640
100.0
53.7
32.6
9.3
2.7
1.8
61
52
60
52
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
54.5
45.6
54.9
52.1
30.3
34.2
32.9
31.5
9.8
13.1
9.7
10.8
4.0
4.4
1.1
2.4
1.5
2.7
1.5
3.2
5,790
100.0
43.7
32.4
13.7
6.4
3.7
Baltimore..............................................
B oston..................................................
B u ffalo..................................................
Chicago................................................
Cincinnati..............................................
48
71
51
196
41
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.8
45.2
35.2
40.0
38.7
30.2
30.7
28.0
32.6
35.1
13.5
11.2
17.6
13.7
14.6
3.9
7.9
13.4
10.1
8.4
6.6
5.0
5.8
3.6
3.1
Cleveland .............................................
Dallas-Fort W orth.................................
Denver-Boulder....................................
D etroit..................................... :............
Houston................................................
Indianapolis..........................................
Kansas C ity..........................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.....................
Milwaukee............................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A....................
Nassau-Suffolk ....................................
New York L M A ....................................
Philadelphia..........................................
Pittsburgh.............................................
53
42
37
182
47
35
33
170
36
47
65
191
109
74
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.0
67.1
59.7
37.7
67.1
46.4
48.7
48.5
47.4
55.6
41.6
40.1
36.8
38.2
31.7
24.0
29.2
30.4
26.8
30.8
30.7
31.2
31.6
25.9
33.4
31.0
36.1
33.1
13.2
6.9
9.3
16.9
4.3
14.5
13.4
10.4
10.9
11.9
16.8
14.4
15.9
15.2
10.3
1.6
1.7
10.6
1.0
3.3
4.6
6.3
6.6
4.2
5.0
6.6
5.5
9.1
3.7
.4
.1
4.5
.8
4.9
2.6
3.6
3.5
2.6
3.3
7.8
5.8
4.5
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario.......
St. Louis...............................................
San D iego............................................
San Francisco-Oakland........................
Seattle-Everett......................................
Washington D.C....................................
39
72
44
65
39
42
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.9
41.0
51.8
44.4
45.4
49.2
32.6
28.5
31.0
34.2
34.7
29.8
17.7
18.8
11.7
12.4
14.3
11.8
4.0
9.4
3.2
4.5
4.8
5.8
5.8
2.3
2.2
4.5
.9
3.4
81
16
30
163
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.2
29.5
35.0
38.7
34.6
28.2
30.6
32.0
14.7
19.0
17.2
15.0
10.1
16.4
8.0
6.8
3.5
6.9
9.3
7.5
1,658
100.0
40.8
32.1
14.1
6.8
6.3
United States ........................................
M e tro p o lita n a re a s :1
Chicago ................................................
D etroit..................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.....................
New York L M A .....................................
Philadelphia..........................................
St. Louis ...............................................
Washington D.C....................................
C ities:
C hicago................................................
D etroit...................................................
District of Columbia.............................
New York .............................................
Both sexes, 16-19 years
United S ta te s........................................
M etro p o lita n a re a s :1
Chicago ................................................
D etroit...................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.....................
New York L M A .....................................
White (both sexes)
United S ta te s........................................
M e tro p o lita n a re a s :1
Cities:
Chicago............. ..................................
Cleveland .............................................
D etroit...................................................
New Y o rk .............................................
Black and other (both
sexes)
United S ta te s.........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
90
Table 18. Unem ployed persons by duration of unem ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex, age,
and race, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total unemployment)
Percent unemployed by duration of unemployment
Population group and area
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Total
Less than
5 weeks
5-14
weeks
15-26
weeks
27-51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
Black and other (both
sexes)—Continued
M etro p o lita n a re a s :1
Baltimore ..............................................
Chicago ................................................
D etroit...................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.....................
New York L M A .....................................
Philadelphia..........................................
Washington D.C....................................
32
90
94
66
102
70
37
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.1
43.4
36.6
44.5
38.1
39.4
36.9
30.7
29.0
28.0
30.5
30.5
26.8
36.6
17.0
15.0
14.5
14.2
13.5
15.0
18.4
10.2
5.4
10.2
7.9
8.7
5.0
4.8
8.0
7.2
10.6
2.9
9.3
13.8
3.3
28
76
17
92
19
94
54
13
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
30.6
43.9
33.8
35.7
41.2
38.5
43.5
29.0
32.8
28.8
38.5
29.0
35.4
30.3
23.0
31.5
18.5
14.4
18.0
14.2
14.0
12.4
13.5
21.9
9.2
6.3
5.1
10.2
5.8
9.0
5.5
7.6
9.0
6.5
4.6
10.9
3.7
9.8
14.5
10.0
Cities:
Baltimore..............................................
Chicago ................................................
Cleveland .............................................
D etroit...................................................
District of Columbia .............................
New York .............................................
Philadelphia..........................................
St. Louis ...............................................
1 All are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas except those labeled Labor Market
Area (LMA).
The significance of the difference is discussed in appendix C,
“ Geographic Boundary Definitions".
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
91
publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that
area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
because of rounding.
Table 19. Unemployed persons by reason fo r unem ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex, age,
and race, 1980 annual averages
(Percent of total unemployment)
Population group and area
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by reason for unemployment
Total
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Total, 16 years and over
United States..........................................................................
7,448
100.0
51.9
11.6
25.2
11.4
Atlanta...................................................................................
Baltimore................................................................................
Boston....................................................................................
Buffalo...................................................................................
Chicago..................................................................................
Cincinnati ...............................................................................
57
80
75
63
286
55
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.8
48.6
51.1
58.5
54.7
53.9
12.8
11.0
14.7
8.3
8.5
7.6
34.4
25.4
24.1
16.2
24.1 '
28.6
7.0
15.1
10.2
17.0
12.7
9.9
Cleveland...............................................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth .......................... .......................................
Denver-Boulder.....................................................................
Detroit....................................................................................
Houston.................................................................................
Indianapolis............................................................................
Kansas City ...........................................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.....................................................
80
66
44
276
73
48
46
237
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
60.7
39.8
30.4
58.8
37.9
58.8
54.9
48.4
7.7
20.5
25.0
5.0
19.1
12.0
9.0
11.6
21.3
28.8
33.1
25.8
29.3
21.6
27.9
23.1
10.3
10.9
11.5
10.4
13.7
7.6
8.2
16.9
Miam i.....................................................................................
Milwaukee..............................................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LMA ....................................................
Nassau-Suffolk......................................................................
New York LM A......................................................................
Newark..................................................................................
Philadelphia...........................................................................
Pittsburgh...............................................................................
45
47
52
73
293
62
179
83
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.7
56.2
43.2
49.2
53.4
61.3
50.6
57.7
17.2
7.5
11.3
7.9
9.1
4.5
5.8
11.4
16.4
22.4
34.0
24.7
24.3
23.8
29.1
16.5
15.6
13.9
11.4
18.3
13.2
10.3
14.5
14.4
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario........................................
St. Louis.................................................................................
San Diego..............................................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.........................................................
Seattle-Everett ......................................................................
Washington D.C......................................................................
46
97
54
104
44
79
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.3
58.9
45.3
46.7
54.1
36.9
11.1
8.5
20.9
11.1
15.9
17.9
27.4
21.9
24.2
28.5
25.2
34.2
15.2
10.7
9.6
13.6
4.8
11.1
39
157
34
122
23
47
26
257
89
24
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.8
56.6
66.5
57.5
45.5
38.2
56.5
53.6
45.2
60.8
8.9
8.3
4.7
4.3
14.9
20.2
7.9
9.1
5.3
5.7
25.0
20.1
17.2
27.4
28.7
30.1
22.5
24.2
34.5
22.4
13.3
15.0
11.5
10.8
10.8
11.5
13.0
13.1
15.0
11.0
3,261
100.0
71.6
10.6
15.3
2.6
Baltimore................................................................................
Chicago.................................................................................
36
132
100.0
100.0
68.8
73.9
9.5
6.7
15.6
14.8
6.1
4.7
Cleveland...............................................................................
Detroit....................................................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach .....................................................
Milwaukee..............................................................................
New York LM A......................................................................
Philadelphia...........................................................................
St. Louis................................................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.........................................................
Washington D.C......................................................................
40
142
100
21
139
79
45
49
28
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
78.5
80.8
67.0
83.8
66.4
68.2
78.4
65.7
49.6
5.3
4.0
12.5
6.7
10.6
4.9
6.8
9.1
20.7
14.9
14.1
15.7
8.8
15.5
22.0
12.0
21.0
26.6
1.3
1.1
4.8
.7
7.5
4.9
2.7
4.2
3.1
19
76
19
67
10
124
40
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
74.3
74.5
83.5
78.5
59.4
66.2
58.7
6.0
6.6
3.6
4.0
14.6
10.9
4.7
16.5
12.7
10.9
16.2
20.1
15.8
29.9
3.3
6.3
2.2
1.4
6.0
7.1
6.7
Metropolitan areas:1
Cities:
Baltimore................................................................................
Chicago.................................................................................
Cleveland...............................................................................
Detroit....................................................................................
District of Columbia...............................................................
Houston..................................................................................
Milwaukee..............................................................................
New Y o rk...............................................................................
Philadelphia...........................................................................
St. Louis.................................................................................
Men, 20 years and over
United States..........................................................................
Metropolitan areas:1
Cities:
Baltimore................................................................................
Chicago..................................................................................
Cleveland...............................................................................
Detroit....................................................................................
District of Columbia...............................................................
New Y o rk...............................................................................
Philadelphia...........................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
92
Table 19. Unem ployed persons by reason fo r
and race, 1980 annual averages— Continued
unem ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex, age,
(Percent of total unemployment)
Population group and area
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by reason for unemployment
Total
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
2,547
100.0
44.9
14.3
35.5
5.3
93
83
77
102
62
31
34
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.7
46.7
43.6
52.8
45.0
49.3
34.8
11.7
6.8
14.5
8.6
8.2
13.1
20.0
32.7
40.9
33.7
32.1
39.9
32.7
40.4
5.8
5.5
8.2
6.5
7.0
4.9
4.8
49
36
10
90
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.9
43.2
40.9
52.6
12.8
4.9
19.4
7.9
26.8
45.0
33.4
32.6
7.5
6.9
6.3
6.9
5,790
100.0
52.8
12.4
24.5
10.3
Baltimore................................................................................
Boston....................................................................................
Buffalo....................................................................................
Chicago..................................................................................
Cincinnati ...............................................................................
48
71
51
196
41
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.5
51.8
62.2
55.6
55.4
12.6
15.1
8.8
10.5
7.4
24.7
24.2
15.0
23.4
28.5
14.2
8.8
14.1
10.4
8.7
Cleveland...............................................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth ..................................................................
Denver-Boulder......................................................................
Detroit.....................................................................................
Houston..................................................................................
Indianapolis............................................................................
Kansas City ...........................................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach......................................................
Milwaukee..............................................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LMA .....................................................
Nassau-Suffolk.......................................................................
New York LM A.......................................................................
Philadelphia...........................................................................
Pittsburgh...............................................................................
53
42
37
182
47
35
33
170
36
47
65
191
109
74
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
58.2
40.4
29.2
60.6
38.0
58.8
57.2
49.9
58.3
43.8
49.6
59.1
55.8
58.2
9.8
20.8
25.9
4.9
19.0
13.8
10.3
12.5
7.5
12.1
8.1
9.2
6.8
10.4
22.7
30.2
34.3
24.4
29.2
19.1
24.9
21.5
20.8
32.6
23.9
21.2
23.9
16.6
9.3
8.6
10.7
10.0
13.9
8.2
7.5
16.1
13.4
11.5
18.4
10.5
13.5
14.8
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario.........................................
St. Louis.................................................................................
San D iego..............................................................................
San Francisco-Oakland.........................................................
Seattle-Everett .......................................................................
Washington D.C......................................................................
39
72
44
65
39
42
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.4
60.3
48.7
45.7
56.1
34.0
9.5
10.6
18.7
11.2
15.3
22.7
26.7
21.0
24.1
31.6
23.8
32.7
15.4
8.1
8.5
11.5
4.8
10.6
81
16
30
163
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
62.1
63.0
65.7
60.3
12.0
6.1
2.8
9.2
14.5
19.9
22.4
20.7
11.4
11.0
9.0
9.8
1,658
100.0
48.5
8.8
27.3
15.4
32
90
94
66
102
70
37
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.7
52.7
55.1
44.5
42.6
42.5
40.2
8.5
4.0
5.1
9.3
8.9
4.3
12.3
26.3
25.6
28.7
27.0
30.0
37.2
35.9
16.5
17.7
11.1
19.2
18.4
16.0
11.6
28
76
17
92
19
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.9
50.8
69.8
54.8
46.0
6.6
4.3
3.4
4.8
12.5
25.3
26.0
14.7
29.1
30.2
15.2
18.9
12.1
11.3
11.3
United States..........................................................................
Metropolitan areas:'
Chicago.......................................................;..........................
Detroit.....................................................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach......................................................
New York LM A.......................................................................
Philadelphia...........................................................................
St. Louis.................................................................................
Washington D.C......................................................................
Cities:
Chicago..................................................................................
Detroit.....................................................................................
District of Columbia...............................................................
New Y o rk ...............................................................................
White (both sexes)
United States..........................................................................
Metropolitan areas:'
Cities:
Chicago..................................................................................
Cleveland...............................................................................
Detroit.....................................................................................
New Y o rk ...............................................................................
Black and other (both sexes)
United S tates..........................................................................
Metropolitan areas:’
Baltimore................................................................................
Chicago..................................................................................
Detroit.....................................................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach......................................................
New York LM A.......................................................................
Philadelphia...........................................................................
Washington D.C......................................................................
Cities:
Baltimore................................................................................
Chicago..................................................................................
Cleveland...............................................................................
Detroit.....................................................................................
District of Columbia...............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
93
Table 19. Unem ployed persons by reason fo r unem ploym ent in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities by sex, age,
and race, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Percent of total unemployment)
Population group and area
Total unemployed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by reason for unemployment
Total
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
30.3
39.8
18.5
18.8
14.4
14.5
Black and other (both sexes)—Continued
Cities:
New Y o rk ...............................................................................
Philadelphia ...........................................................................
St. Louis......................... .......................................................
94
54
13
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.9
5.0
4.0
publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that
area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
because of rounding.
1 All are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas except those labeled Labor Market
Area (LMA).
The significance of the difference is discussed in appendix C,
“ Geographic Boundary Definitions” .
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
42.0
40.8
63.0
94
Table 20. Labor force status o f the black civilian noninstitutional population in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities
by sex, 1380 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Civilian non
institutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
17,423
10,597
60.8
9,098
52.2
1,499
14.1
13.7
-
Atlanta......................................................
Baltimore..................................................
Boston......................................................
Buffalo......................................................
Chicago....................................................
Cincinnati .................................................
238
352
113
80
894
112
169
235
77
48
512
68
71.0
66.9
68.4
60.5
57.2
60.3
151
205
74
37
429
54
63.4
58.2
65.1
46.7
47.9
47.9
18
31
4
11
83
14
10.7
13.0
4.7
22.8
16.2
20.6
8.0
11.1
2.2
17.5
14.4
16.9
- 13.3
- 14.9
7.3
- 28.2
- 18.0
- 24.2
Cleveland.................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth ....................................
Denver-Boulder........................................
Detroit.......................................................
Houston....................................................
Indianapolis..............................................
Kansas City .............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach .......................
229
284
41
603
346
116
114
631
134
200
35
351
238
74
76
391
58.5
70.4
85.3
58.2
68.7
63.8
66.6
62.0
107
178
30
261
213
62
64
337
46.9
62.7
72.6
43.3
61.5
53.1
56.1
53.4
26
22
5
90
25
12
12
54
19.8
11.0
14.9
25.7
10.4
16.6
15.9
13.8
16.8
8.7
9.2
23.4
8.5
12.8
12.8
11.9
- 22.7
- 13.2
- 20.6
- 27.9
- 12.4
- 20.5
- 18.9
- 15.7
M iam i........................................................
Milwaukee................................................
Nassau-Suffolk.........................................
New York LM A........................................
Newark.....................................................
Philadelphia .............................................
Pittsburgh.................................................
229
91
109
1,476
253
661
101
156
58
77
817
161
370
60
68.0
63.1
70.9
55.4
63.6
55.9
58.8
145
47
69
721
138
301
51
63.3
51.9
63.8
48.8
54.6
45.5
49.9
11
10
8
96
23
69
9
7.0
17.8
10.1
11.8
14.2
18.6
15.1
4.9
14.2
6.2
10.6
11.2
16.6
10.0
9.1
- 21.3
- 13.9
- 13.0
- 17.3
- 20.6
- 20.2
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario..........
St. Louis...................................................
San D iego........ .......................................
San Francisco-Oakland...........................
Washington D.C. ......................................
64
275
80
278
579
38
155
51
173
405
59.1
56.6
63.4
62.3
70.0
32
131
44
143
370
49.7
47.7
54.7
51.4
63.9
6
24
7
30
35
15.9
15.7
13.7
17.4
8.7
10.6
13.3
8.6
14.3
7.5
- 21.1
- 18.0
- 18.7
- 20.5
- 10.0
307
819
171
185
583
324
316
91
1,383
490
141
198
446
93
133
333
203
216
57
757
257
75
64.6
54.4
54.0
71.9
57.2
62.5
68.5
63.2
54.7
52.4
53.3
170
374
75
120
242
184
192
47
667
203
62
55.5
45.6
43.8
64.6
41.6
56.7
60.8
51.8
48.2
41.4
44.0
28
72
17
14
91
19
24
10
89
54
13
14.1
16.1
18.8
10.2
27.4
9.3
11.1
18.1
11.8
20.9
17.4
12.3
14.2
16.3
8.0
25.4
8.3
8.9
14.7
10.5
18.4
15.0
- 15.8
- 18.0
- 21.2
- 12.3
- 29.4
- 10.3
- 13.4
- 21.5
- 13.1
- 23.4
- 19.9
7,807
5,490
70.3
4,704
60.3
786
14.3
13.7
-
Atlanta......................................................
Baltimore..................................................
Boston......................................................
Chicago....................................................
Cincinnati .................................................
111
161
60
399
49
84
123
44
265
35
75.5
76.6
74.0
66.5
72.8
79
105
42
216
29
71.2
65.7
70.6
54.2
59.1
5
18
2
49
7
5.7
14.3
4.6
18.5
18.9
2.8
11.6
1.3
15.9
14.0
8.6
- 17.1
7.8
- 21.1
- 23.8
Cleveland.................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth ....................................
Detroit.......................................................
Houston....................................................
Indianapolis..............................................
Kansas City .............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach........................
101
132
282
161
58
54
278
70
103
188
128
40
39
202
69.7
77.9
66.6
79.3
68.2
72.3
72.8
54
92
133
117
31
34
172
53.7
69.7
47.2
72.4
53.1
62.8
61.8
16
11
55
11
9
5
31
22.9
10.5
29.1
8.7
22.1
13.1
15.1
18.7
7.4
26.0
6.2
16.4
9.2
12.3
- 27.1
- 13.5
- 32.1
- 11.2
- 27.8
- 17.0
- 17.9
M iam i.......................................................
Milwaukee................................................
New York LM A........................................
Newark.....................................................
Philadelphia.............................................
St. Louis...................................................
San Francisco-Oakland...........................
Washington D.C........................................
110
41
627
110
287
114
125
263
85
30
411
83
194
74
88
201
77.3
73.5
65.5
74.7
67.9
65.1
70.1
76.4
78
25
354
70
157
62
69
185
71.0
60.5
56.5
63.2
54.7
54.2
55.4
70.1
7
5
57
13
38
12
18
17
8.2
17.6
13.8
15.5
19.4
16.7
21.0
8.2
5.1
12.8
12.0
11.1
16.6
13.3
16.3
6.6
-
Population group and area
Error range of
rate1
Total, 16 years and over
United States.............. ..............................
14.6
Metropolitan areas:2
Cities:
Baltimore..................................................
Chicago....................................................
Cleveland.................................................
Dallas .......................................................
Detroit.......................................................
District of Columbia.................................
Houston....................................................
Milwaukee................................................
New Y o rk .................................................
Philadelphia.............................................
St. Louis...................................................
Men
United States............................................
14.9
Metropolitan areas:2
See footnotes at end of table.
95
/
■
11.2
22.5
15.6
19.8
22.2
20.1
25.6
9.9
Table 20. Labor fo rce status o f the black civilian noninstitutional population in 30 large m etropolitan areas and 11 large cities
by sex, 1980 annual averages— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Population group and area
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Employment
Percent of
population
Number
Unemployment
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Men—Continued
C ities:
138
369
76
86
274
145
146
40
591
204
59
103
234
49
69
178
99
116
30
386
131
36
74.7
63.3
64.6
80.2
65.2
68.3
79.3
73.5
65.3
64.1
61.3
86
191
38
61
122
90
105
24
332
101
29
62.7
51.7
50.0
71.6
44.6
61.6
71.9
60.2
56.3
49.7
49.7
17
43
11
7
56
10
11
5
53
29
7
16.1
18.4
22.7
10.7
31.6
9.8
9.3
18.1
13.8
22.5
18.9
13.6
15.7
19.1
7.7
29.0
8.4
6.4
13.4
12.0
19.0
15.4
_
-
18.7
21.2
26.2
13.7
34.3
11.3
12.2
22.7
15.7
26.0
22.5
9,616
5,107
53.1
4,394
45.7
713
14.0
13.4
-
14.5
Atlanta......................................................
Baltimore..................................................
Chicago............... ....................................
Cincinnati .................................................
128
192
495
63
86
112
246
32
67.2
58.7
49.8
50.8
72
99
212
25
56.7
51.9
42.9
39.4
13
13
34
7
15.5
11.5
13.8
22.4
11.3
8.9
11.3
17.0
_
-
19.8
14.2
16.2
27.8
Cleveland.................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth .............. .....................
Detroit.......................................................
Houston....................................................
Indianapolis..............................................
Kansas City .............................................
Los Angeles-Long B each........................
128
152
321
185
58
60
353
64
97
163
110
34
37
189
49.7
64.0
50.8
59.4
59.4
61.5
53.5
53
86
128
96
31
30
165
41.6
56.7
39.8
52.0
53.2
49.9
46.9
10
11
36
14
4
7
23
16.3
11.5
21.8
12.5
10.4
18.9
12.4
12.3
8.2
18.6
9.4
5.6
14.3
9.7
_ 20.3
- 14.8
24.9
15.5
- 15.1
- 23.4
- 15.0
M iam i........................................................
Milwaukee................................................
New York LM A.........................................
Newark.....................................................
Philadelphia.............................................
St. Louis...................................................
San Francisco-Oakland...........................
Washington D.C........................................
120
51
849
143
374
161
153
316
71
28
406
78
175
81
85
204
59.5
54.7
47.9
55.0
46.8
50.5
55.8
64.6
67
23
367
68
144
69
74
185
56.2
44.9
43.2
47.9
38.6
43.1
48.2
58.7
4
5
40
10
31
12
12
19
5.6
17.9
9.7
12.9
17.6
14.7
13.7
9.2
2.8
12.8
8.2
8.7
14.8
11.6
9.6
7.5
_
-
8.4
22.9
11.3
17.1
20.5
17.8
17.8
11.0
169
450
96
99
309
179
170
50
792
286
81
95
212
44
64
155
103
101
28
371
126
39
56.4
47.1
45.5
64.9
50.2
57.8
59.2
55.0
46.8
44.0
47.5
84
183
37
58
120
94
87
23
335
102
33
49.7
40.7
39.0
58.6
38.9
52.7
51.3
45.1
42.3
35.6
39.9
11
29
6
6
35
9
13
5
36
24
6
11.8
13.6
14.3
9.6
22.5
8.8
13.3
18.1
9.7
19.2
16.0
9.5
11.0
11.1
6.6
19.8
7.4
9.7
13.3
8.0
15.8
12.8
_
-
14.2
16.2
17.6
12.6
25.2
10.2
16.8
22.9
11.4
22.7
19.3
Baltimore..................................................
Chicago....................................................
Cleveland.................................................
Dallas .......................................................
Detroit.......................................................
District of Columbia.................................
Houston....................................................
Milwaukee................................................
New Y o rk.................................................
Philadelphia.............................................
St. Louis...................................................
Women
United States............................................
M e tro p o lita n a re a s :2
„
C ities:
Baltimore..................................................
Chicago....................................................
Cleveland........................................... .....
• Dallas ......................................................
Detroit......................................................
District of Columbia.................................
Houston....................................................
Milwaukee................................................
New Y o rk .................................................
Philadelphia.............................................
St. Louis................................................. .
1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which means
that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error range
constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based
on a complete census of the population would be contained within these error ranges.
2 All are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas except those labeled Labor Market
Area (LMA).
The significance of the difference is discussed in appendix C,
-
“ Geographic Boundary Definitions” .
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not-shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that
area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
because of rounding.
96
Table 21. Labor force status o f the Hispanic-origin population In selected m etropolitan areas by sex and age, 1980 annual
averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian noninstitutional
population
United S tates.........................................
Chicago SMSA .........................................
Houston SMSA.........................................
Los Angeles SMSA...................................
Miami SM SA .............................................
New York LMA2 ........................................
New York central c ity ..............................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario SMSA .
San Francisco SMSA ...............................
Population group and area
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Rate
Error range of
rate1
554
10.1
9.6
-
10.6
61.3
64.0
63.5
57.9
45.8
44.9
55.0
62.4
35
12
75
26
56
53
11
12
14.9
6.7
8.7
9.2
11.1
11.2
11.1
8.4
12.4
4.9
7.6
7.4
9.7
9.7
8.3
5.8
-
17.4
8.6
9.7
10.9
12.6
12.7
13.8
11.0
3,032
73.7
326
9.7
9.1
-
10.3
137
116
478
145
266
252
52
67
75.5
86.6
78.6
71.1
63.0
62.6
69.3
73.5
24
5
45
14
33
31
7
8
15.2
4.3
8.6
8.9
11.0
10.9
12.2
10.5
12.2
2.5
7.3
6.6
9.1
8.9
8.4
6.7
-
18.2
6.2
10.0
11.1
12.9
12.9
15.9
14.4
47.7
1,899
42.6
228
10.7
9.9
-
11.5
50.9
45.3
53.7
51.7
37.0
35.9
47.6
56.5
63
50
309
113
184
171
38
59
43.6
40.0
49.0
46.7
32.8
31.7
43.0
53.2
11
7
30
12
24
23
4
4
14.3
11.7
8.7
9.6
11.4
11.6
9.5
5.8
10.0
7.6
7.0
6.9
9.1
9.2
5.5
2.5
-
18.7
15.8
10.4
12.2
13.7
14.1
13.5
9.1
2,999
84.9
2,751
77.9
248
8.3
7.7
-
8.9
151
116
524
183
350
333
63
81
139
107
467
146
277
262
52
69
91.8
91.8
89.2
79.8
79.0
78.6
83.4
84.7
120
103
435
135
252
239
47
62
79.7
88.6
83.0
73.6
72.1
71.8
75.7
76.1
18
4
32
12
24
23
5
13.2
3.5
6.9
7.9
8.7
8.7
9.2
10.2
10.1
1.7
5.6
5.6
6.9
6.8
5.7
6.2
-
16.3
5.3
8.2
10.1
10.5
10.5
12.8
14.2
United S tates.........................................
3,895
1,907
49.0
1,734
173
9.1
8.3
-
9.9
Chicago SM SA.........................................
Houston SMSA.........................................
Los Angeles SMSA...................................
Miami S M SA.............................................
New York LMA2 ........................................
New York central c ity ..............................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario SMSA .
San Francisco SMSA ...............................
, 124
105
554
218
491
469
75
103
67
48
306
113
194
180
36
58
54.2
45.8
55.3
52.1
39.5
38.4
47.6
56.2
59
43
285
103
175
162
33
55
47.7
41.5
51.4
47.2
35.7
34.6
44.1
52.8
8
5
22
11
19
18
3
3
12.0
9.4
7.0
9.4
9.6
10.0
7.3
6.0
7.7
5.3
5.4
6.7
7.4
7.6
3.4
2.5
-
16.3
13.5
8.6
12.1
11.8
12.3
11.2
9.4
United S tates.........................................
1,153
583
50.6
453
39.3
130
22.2
20.3
-
24.1
Los Angeles SMSA...................................
161
88
54.7
67
41.7
21
23.7
19.2
- 28.3
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
8,570
5,484
64.0
4,931
57.5
327
259
1,238
446
984
942
164
202
235
178
861
284
507
477
101
137
72.0
68.6
69.6
63.7
51.5
50.6
61.9
68.1
200
166
787
258
450
423
90
126
4,114
3,358
81.6
181
133
608
204
422
402
75
91
161
121
523
159
299
283
59
75
88.9
90.6
86.0
78.0
70.8
70.3
78.9
82.2
United S tates..........................................
4,456
2,127
Chicago SMSA .........................................
Houston SMSA.........................................
Los Angeles SMSA...................................
Miami SM SA .............................................
New York LMA2 ........................................
New York central c ity ..............................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario SMSA .
San Francisco SMSA ...............................
146
126
630
242
562
540
89
111
74
57
339
125
208
194
42
63
3,531
Number
Total, 16 years and over
Men
United S tates.........................................
Chicago SMSA ..........................................
Houston SMSA..........................................
Los Angeles SMSA...................................
Miami SM SA .............................................
New York LMA2 ........................................
New York central city ..............................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario SMSA .
San Francisco SMSA ...............................
Women
.
Men, 20 years and over
United S tates.........................................
Chicago SMSA .........................................
Houston SMSA.........................................
Los Angeles SMSA...................................
Miami SM SA .............................................
New York LMA2 ........................................
New York central c ity ..............................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario SMSA .
San Francisco SMSA ...............................
7
Women, 20 years and over
44.5 .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which means
that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error range
constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based
on a complete census of the population would be contained within these error ranges.
2 These data are for the Labor Market Area (LMA) rather than the Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area for which estimates were published in earlier years. The
significance of the difference is discussed in appendix C, “ Geographic Boundary
Definitions” .
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that
area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
because of rounding.
97
Table 22. Full- and part-tim e status o f the Hispanic labor force in selected m etropolitan areas, 1980 annual
averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Unemployed
(looking for
full-time work)
Employed
Population group and area
Total
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part-time for
economic
reasons
Number
Percent of
full-time
labor force
Employed on
voluntary
part-time1
Unemployed
(looking for
part-time work)
Number
Percent of
part-time
labor force
Total, 16 years and over
United States ..............................................
4,915
4,138
298
479
9.8
570
495
Chicago SMSA...............................................
Houston SM SA..............................................
Los Angeles SMSA........................................
Miami SMSA ..................................................
New York LMA3 .............................................
New York central c ity ...................................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario SMSA......
San Francisco SMSA.....................................
217
164
790
254
467
440
86
121
174
145
675
224
404
380
72
107
11
9
48
6
14
14
5
5
32
10
67
23
48
46
9
9
14.6
6.0
8.4
9.0
10.4
10.4
10.3
7.8
(2)
(2)
71
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
63
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1 Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately
among the full- and part-time employed categories.
2 Data are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability
for the particular area, based on the sample in the area. See appendix B.
3 These data are for the Labor Market Area (LMA) rather than the Standard
74
(2)
(2)
8
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
13.1
(2)
(2)
11.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
<
2)
(2)
Metropolitan Statistical Area for which estimates were published in earlier years. The
significance of the difference is discussed in appendix C, “ Geographic Boundary
Definitions” .
NOTE: Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of
rounding.
98
Table 23. Occupational distribution o f em ployed persons of Hispanic origin in selected m etropolitan areas, 1980 annual
averages
(Percent of persons employed)
White-collar workers
Employment
Mana
Profes
gers and
sional adminis Sales
and
trators, workers
technical except
workers
farm
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
United States .......................................................
4,931
100.0
34.2
7.9
6.4
Chicago SMSA .......................................................
Houston SM S A ......................................................
Los Angeles SMSA................................................
Miami SMSA ..........................................................
New York L M A '......................................................
New York central c ity ...........................................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario SMSA .............
San Francisco SMSA.............................................
200
166
787
258
450
423
90
126
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
22.0
29.0
29.6
46.0
38.8
38.9
33.5
45.8
5.7
8.1
5.7
7.8
7.5
7.0
7.7
9.6
2.6
2.3
5.1
10.0
5.8
5.7
5.0
9.5
Population group and area
Total
1 These data are for the Labor Market Area (LMA) rather than the Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area for which estimates were published in earlier years. The
significance of the difference is discussed in appendix C, “ Geographic Boundary
Definitions".
Blue-collar workers
Craft
Opera
and
tives,
kindred
except
workers transport
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Service
Nonfarm workers
laborers
Clerical
workers
Total
3.9
16.0
45.5
13.7
20.9
3.9
7.0
16.4
2.6
3.2
2.8
7.1
3.6
3.8
4.7
5.2
11.1
15.5
16.0
21.2
21.9
22.4
16.0
21.4
56.8
55.2
52.7
41.7
38.6
39.1
41.7
40.8
10.5
26.2
13.0
13.5
9.5
9.3
12.6
10.9
38.8
15.0
30.6
18.5
21.9
22.5
13.0
14.5
2.1
3.1
2.9
4.9
3.4
3.7
5.5
6.1
5.5
10.9
6.1
4.7
3.7
3.7
10.6
9.3
21.0
15.2
17.6
11.6
22.4
21.7
13.9
13.2
NOTE: Data are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of
reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B.
Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of rounding.
99
S@ ^ n
© i®
UnempSofment
Estimates for States and
Large Labor Market Areas
The tables that follow provide monthly unemploy
ment rates for States and the District of Columbia, and
annual average labor force and unemployment estimates
for States and 230 Labor Market Areas (LMA’s). These
estimates are produced for use in the administration of
the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of
1973, as amended (CETA), the Public Works and Eco
nomic Development Act of 1965, as amended, the Buy
American Act (Executive Order 10582), and Defense
Manpower Policy No. 4A.
These data are the product of a Federal-State coop
erative program in which State employment security
agencies prepare labor force and unemployment esti
mates under concepts, definitions, and technical proce
dures established by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
In 10 large States (California, Florida, Illinois,
Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas) and two areas (New
York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach LMA,
the monthly estimates are obtained directly from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey
of households used to measure unemployment nation
ally. These State and area CPS estimates meet the BLS
standard of reliability (10-percent coefficient of varia
tion on the level of unemployment at a 6-percent rate
of unemployment at one standard error) on a monthly
basis. In the remaining 40 States and the District of
Columbia, an initial estimate of employment and un
employment is developed using data from the unemploy
ment insurance (UI) system together with estimates of
persons not covered by UI.
A 6-month moving average of the CPS to the UIbased estimate is applied to the current month’s esti
mate to bring the Ul-based State estimate more into
conformity with national definitions of employment and
unemployment.
Estimates for the Labor Market Areas (except for
Los Angeles-Long Beach) are obtained from the UI-
based estimates adjusted to the State employment and
unemployment totals.
Once each year, the monthly employment and un
employment estimates for the 10 large States and two
large areas are adjusted to incorporate revised inde
pendent population estimates. The Ul-based estimates
in the remaining States and the District of Columbia
are adjusted or “benchmarked” to annual averages from
the CPS, which meet the BLS reliability standard on
an annual basis. Estimates for areas within the States
are then adjusted so that the sub-State components add
to the statewide totals. The LMA estimates in the fol
lowing tables have been adjusted to State annual aver
age totals from the CPS.
Monthly estimates for the States and LMA’s shown
here are published as table E-l in Employment and Earn
ings, and as a monthly BLS news release, “State and
Metropolitan Area Unemployment.”
Estimates for smaller LMA’s, all counties, cities of
25,000 population or more, and other jurisdictions for
administrative purposes (prime sponsors, program
agents, etc.) are published monthly through the Gov
ernment Printing Office in Employment and Unemploy
ment in States and Local Areas. However, because of
the small size of many of the areas, as well as the limita
tions of the data inputs, users are cautioned that these
data should be used only to fulfill the program needs for
which the estimates were developed.
Subscription information should be addressed to the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print
ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Appendix A pro
vides data mandated under the 1978 Amendments to
the CETA Act and under Defense Manpower Policy
No. 4A, which require that BLS publish CPS-based
data for the 30 large metropolitan areas shown in sec
tion III, in addition to estimates for the same areas based
on the Federal-State Cooperative Program shown in
this section.
100
T a b le 24. M o n th ly C P S u n e m p lo y m e n t ra te s fo r 10 la rg e S ta te s , 1970-801
(Not seasonally adjusted)
State
January
February
March
Apri 1
May
July
June
August September
California
1970....
19 71____
19 7 2 ___
19 73____
19 79____
19 75____
1976 ____
19 7 7 ____
19 7 8 ____
19 7 9 ____
19 80____
6.1
10.1
8.9
7.9
7.6
10.9
10.8
9.8
7.9
7.2
6.5
7.0
10.9
8.9
8.3
7.8
10.9
9.7
9. 1
8.2
7.0
6.8
6.5
8.8
8.2
7.6
7.0
10.3
9.2
8.7
8.0
6.7
6.9
5.8
9.0
7.6
7.9
6.6
9.9
8.7
8.6
7.2
6.2
7.0
6. 1
8.1
7.9
6.6
6.0
9.5
7.3
7.9
7.0
5.6
6.7
7.3
8.0
8.1
6.8
7.2
10.2
8.6
8.5
7.2
5.9
7.2
7.7
9.9
7.6
6.7
7.9
10.3
9.6
8.6
8.1
6.2
7.0
6.9
8.9
7.3
7.5
6.8
9.3
9.0
7.9
7.0
6.3
7.3
Florida
1970 ___
19 71____
19 72____
19 7 3 ____
19 79___
19 7 5 ___
1976 ... .
1977 ____
19 78___
19 7 9 ____
19 8 0 ___
3.9
5.0
9.8
9.9
5.3
10.7
10.2
9.9
7.5
7.5
5.7
3.3
9.7
5.2
9.0
5.6
10.2
9.9
10.0
6. 1
5.8
5.2
3.9
9.9
5.1
3.9
5.9
9.8
9.2
8.9
6.3
5.8
9.9
3.5
5.3
9.5
9.1
9.7
10.6
8.8
8. 1
6. 1
5.3
9.9
3. 1
9.5
9.0
9.3
9.6
11.9
7.9
8.2
6.2
5. 1
5.3
9.6
5.5
5.9
9.6
5.9
11.6
9.2
9.6
6.8
6.0
6.6
9.7
5.1
5.5
9.3
6.9
10.5
8.3
.7.6
6.8
6.6
7.7
5. 1
5.8
6.2
5.3
5.8
10.7
8.6
7.3
6.6
6.1
6.7
3.9
5.9
6.0
9.1
9.8
8.2
6.8
7.0
7.5
5.7
7.8
3.8
5.8
6.9
9.8
9.3
7.9
7.3
6.6
7.1
5.7
7.5
3.5
9.9
6.0
9.9
9.1
7.7
6.8
6.2
6.7
6.0
7.5
2.8
9.6
9.8
9.8
3.9
7.0
5.9
5.9
5.5
5.2
7.2
2.8
9.9
9.5
3.7
3.9
7.9
5.8
9.9
6. 1
9.7
7.3
3.9
5.6
5.9
9.6
9.9
7.8
7.9
7.9
6.2
6.0
9.3
3.7
5. 1
9.7
9.6
3.9
8.1
7.2
6.5
6.9
5. 1
9.9
Ma ss ac hu se tt s
1970....
19 7 1 ____
19 7 2 ____
19 7 3 ____
19 7 9 ____
19 75____
1976 ____
19 77 ____
19 7 8 ___
19 79____
19 8 0 ____
3.7
8.0
8.0
6.9
7.8
10.9
12.3
10.2
7.5
7.5
6.5
9. 1
7. 1
6.9
7.3
8.3
11.7
11.3
9.7
7. 1
6.6
5.8
9.3
7.2
7. 1
7.9
6.5
10.7
10.9
8.7
6.2
6.7
5.3
9.6
6.9
5.7
6.3
6.3
11.3
9.9
9.0
5.7
5.3
5.0
3.8
5.9
5.6
5.7
6.5
11.6
9.8
6.6
5.9
5.0
5.8
3.9
6.7
6.9
6.0
6.6
12. 1
9.0
7.7
6.9
5. 1
6.6
1970 ___
19 7 1 ____
19 7 2 ___
19 73---19 79____
19 75---1976 ---19 7 7 ___
19 7 8 --19 7 9 ____
1980 ____
5.9
8.5
7.9
7,1
5.8
13.7
10.3
8.9
8.1
8.0
11.0
5.8
8.7
8.0
7.8
7.3
19.5
10.7
9.8
7.2
8.2
11.5
6.0
8.9
8.2
6.8
8.9
19.9
10.6
9.7
7.2
8.0
11.2
6. 1
7.6
8.0
5.5
7.2
13.6
10.0
7.3
6.6
8.6
12.3
5.8
6.5
7.7
5.2
6.7
12.3
9.3
7.9
6.6
7.2
19.0
111i noi s
19 70____
19 71____
19 72____
19 73____
19 7 9 ____
19 7 5 ____
1976 ____
19 77____
19 7 8 ___
19 79____
1980 ___
6.3
7.7
8.0
5.7
7.0
19.2
9.9
8.9
. 7.0
7.2
19.3
November
December
Annual
average
7.6
8.2
7.5
6.0
7.0
9.0
9. 1
7.3
5.9
5.8
6.8
8.6
8.2
7.3
6.3
7.7
9.6
9.9
7.9
6.0
5.7
6.9
8.6
7.7
6.7
6.9
8.6
9.8
8.9
6.9
6.3
6.0
6.2
7.3
8.8
7.6
7.0
7.3
9.9
9.2
8.2
7. 1
6.2
6.8
5.8
9.6
5. 1
9.7
7. 1
11.5
9.0
7.7
7.6
6.5
7.0
9.9
9.5
6 .1
3.5
7.9
11.2
8.6
7.7
7.0
6.3
7. 1
5.3
5.6
9.6
9.2
7.7
10.2
9.8
7.6
6.2
5.9
5.6
9. 1
3.9
9.2
9.0
8.9
9.7
8.6
6.9
6.9
5.2
5.0
9.3
9.9
5.1
9.3
6.2
10.7
9.0
8.2
6.6
6.0
6.0
3.6
9.7
5.6
3.5
9.3
6.9
6.9
6.3
6.0
9.6
8.9
9.8
9.6
5.3
9.6
9.9
6.7
6 .1
5.8
5. 1
5.7
8.6
9.0
5.3
9.5
3.6
3.5
6.7
6.9
6.0
5.3
5.5
9.0
3.5
5.7
9.2
3. 1
9.8
5.8
5.7
6.3
5.2
5.5
8.3
3.9
5.9
9.3
3.7
5.1
6.0
5.7
5.6
5.7
6.2
9.2
3.6
5. 1
5. 1
9.1
9.2
7. 1
6.5
6.2
6 .1
5.5
8.3
3.8
6. 1
7. 1
5.9
7.9
11.7
9. 1
7.8
6.3
5.0
6. 1
9.3
7. 1
5.6
5.7
6.8
11.1
9.5
9. 1
6.7
9.7
6.0
5.2
6.9
6.5
6.9
7.9
11.5
8.6
9. 1
5.8
6.9
5.9
5. 1
5.6
6.6
6.7
6.8
10.5
7.8
6.6
9.3
9.9
5.6
6.3
6.5
6.9
8.5
7.3
10.5
8.6
6.9
5.2
9.8
9.6
6.0
6.8
5.7
7.2
8.7
10.9
7.5
5.9
5.7
5. 1
9.9
9.6
6.6
6.9
6.7
7.2
11.2
9.5
8.1
6. 1
5.5
5.6
8.2
8.9
8.2
6.2
7.5
13. 1
9.6
8.8
7.3
7.7
19.9
7.3
7.1
6.9
5.3
7.0
11.7
9.3
9.2
8.0
7.5
12.5
6.7
7.0
6.6
9.3
7. 1
11.1
8.9
7.5
5.8
7.2
12.2
7.3
7. 1
5.0
9.7
6.6
10.0
7.5
6.5
5.5
7.2
12.9
7.7
6.5
5.9
5.2
8.5
9.8
8.9
7.7
6.6
7.9
12.8
7.6
7.7
9.8
5.9
9.9
10.8
8.3
7.0
6.7
8.5
12.9
6.7
7.6
7.0
5.9
7.9
12.5
9.9
8.2
6.9
7.8
12.6
See fo otnotes at end of table.
October
101
7.8
8.9
6.8
6.2
7.3 ■
9.6
8.9
7.6
6.9
6 .1
6.7
T a b le 24. M o n th ly C P S u n e m p lo y m e n t ra te s fo r 10 la rg e S ta te s , 1 9 70-801— C o n tin u e d
(Not seasonally adjusted)
State
January
February
March
Apri 1
May
June
July
August September
October
November
December
Annual
average
New Jersey
1970 ___
197 1___
19 7 2 ___
19 7 3 ___
19 7 4 ___
19 7 5 ___
1976 ___
1977 ___
19 78___
19 79___
1980 ___
4.3
6.9
6.5
6.8
6.8
10.5
10.8
11.4
7.8
7.5
7.5
4. 1
5.8
6.0
7.4
6.6
10.6
10.5
11.5
8.3
8.3
6.6
3.8
5.7
6.5
6.6
6.3
11.4
10.4
10.3
7. 1
7.2
6.8
3.8
5.4
6 .1
4.7
5.3
11.1
9. 1
10. 1
7.2
5.7
6.4
3.9
5.0
4.9
5.8
4.7
11.3
9.3
8.6
7.3
7. 1
8. 1
4. 1
5.9
5.5
5.4
6.3
12.3
10.7
9.2
7.6
7. 1
8.0
4.9
6.2
5.5
6.0
6.4
10.8
11.3
9. 1
7.9
7.9
8.0
4.4
5.8
4.9
5.2
5.8
9.5
10.5
9.5
6.7
7.2
6.9
5.2
5.2
6.0
4.7
6.4
8.6
10.9
9.2
7. 1
6.2
7. 1
5.2
4.9
6.2
4.2
6.4
8.8
10.4
8.9
6.2
6.3
6.5
5. 1
5.5
5.4
5.0
7.2
8.7
10.8
7.9
6.1
6.6
7.0
6.2
6.2
5.7
5.2
7.7
9.3
10.4
6.9
6.9
6.0
7.5
4.6
5.7
5.8
5.6
6.3
10.2
10.4
9.4
7.2
6.9
7.2
New York
1970 ___
19 71___
19 72___
19 7 3 ___
1974 ___
19 75___
1976 ___
1977 ___
19 7 8 ___
19 79___
1980 ___
3.6
6.0
7.3
5.9
6.4
8.9
11.2
11.0
8.8
7.7
8.4
4.0
6.9
7.7
6 .1
6.3
9.3
11.5
10.6
8.9
7.4
8.1
4. 1
6.6
7.5
5.5
6.8
9.6
9.8
10. 1
8.2
7.7
7.3
3.8
6.8
6.8
5. 1
5.7
8.7
10.1
9.2
7.5
6.7
7.0
4.0
6.3
6.4
4.8
5.3
8.6
9.0
8.9
7.5
5.9
7.5
4.3
6.9
6.8
5.6
6.5
9.5
10.4
8.7
7.3
6.9
7.2
5.0
7 .1
6.8
5.6
6.5
9.7
11.1
8.7
7.6
7.4
8.3
4.3
6.5
6.6
5.3
5.7
9.8
9.8
8.0
7.3
7.3
7.9
4.6
6.2
6.7
5.5
6.5
9.8
9.5
8.9
7.7
7.5
7.2
4.8
6.3
5.9
5.0
6.3
9.6
10.0
8.3
7.9
7.1
7.3
5.4
6.4
5.8
5.3
7.2
10.4
10.4
9. 1
7.2
6.9
7.3
5.6
6.7
6.0
5.6
7.3
10.2
10. 1
8. 1
6.6
7.0
7.0
4:5
6.6
6.7
5.4 a
6.4 #
9.5
10.3
9.1
7.7
7. 1
7.6
Ohio
1970 ___
19 71___
19 72___
19 73___
19 74--19 75___
1976 ___
19 77___
19 78___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ___
3.9
7.2
6.7
5.2
4.9
8.2
9.4
7.5
6. 1
6.6
7.2
5.4
7.0
6.6
5.1
5.3
9.7
9.2
9.4
6.3
6.5
7.2
4.8
6.6
7.2
4.7
4.6
10.4
9.5
8.2
6. 1
6.0
6.7
4.8
5.6
5.8
4.5
4.5
9.4
8.1
6.2
5.6
5.5
7.5
4.9
5.2
5.7
3.8
3.8
9.0
7.0
5.4
5. 1
4.9
8.5
6.3
6.9
5.9
4.7
5.4
10.4
7.6
7. 1
5.4
5.8
9.7
4.9
6.5
5. 1
4.2
4.5
10.0
6.5
6 .1
5.3
6.6
9.8
5.4
7.0
5.0
4.4
4.2
9.4
7.5
5.0
5.2
6.9
8.9
4.7
6.9
5.0
4. 1
4.8
9.0
6.7
6. 1
5.4
5.5
8.9
4.9
6.6
4.4
3.2
5.0
7.5
7.5
5.5
4.7
5.9
8.3
6.7
6. 1
4.3
3.5
4.6
7.9
7.4
6. 1
4.9
5.3
9. 1
6.3
6.0
4.8
3.7
5.9
8.1
7.4
5.1
4.8
5.2
8.6
5.4
6.5
5.5
4.3
4.8
9. 1
7.8
6.5
5.4
5.9
8.4
Pennsylvania
1970 ___
19 71___
19 7 2 --19 73___
19 74____
1975--1976 ___
1977 ___
19 78---19 79___
1980 ___
4.0
6.0
6.8
4.8
5.6
8.7
8.4
8.8
7.9
7. 1
7.6
3.7
6.2
6 .1
5.2
5.4
9.4
9.0
9.7
7.6
7.5
7.7
4.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
4.7
9. 1
9.0
8.8
7.9
7.8
7.7
3.7
4.8
5.0
5.3
3.9
8. 1
8.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
7.2
3.6
4.3
4.7
4.2
4. 1
8.5
7.5
6.4
5.8
5.6
7.0
5.5
5.8
7.2
5.7
5.7
8.7
8.7
8. 1
6.6
7.2
8.0
4.8
5.3
5.9
5.0
4.9
8.1
7.9
7.4
7.3
6.3
9.2
4.0
5.6
5.3
4.2
4.8
8.9
7.4
7.6
6.5
7.0
8.3
5.0
5.4
5.2
4.7
4.8
7.7
7.0
7.6
7. 1
6.7
7.9
4.6
5.3
5.4
4.5
5.3
8.2
7. 1
7. 1
6.9
7.9
7.6
4.8
5.1
4.4
4.4
6.0
7.3
6.9
6.7
6.6
6.9
7.6
5.2
5.7
3.9
4.4
6.3
7.2
7.9
7.3
6.0
6.6
7.5
4.5
5.4
5.4
4.8
5. 1
8.3
7.9
7.7
6.9
6.9
7.8
Texas
1970 ___
19 7 1 ___
1972___
19 7 3 ____
19 74___
19 7 5 ___
1976 ___
1977 ___
19 7 8 ___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ___
3.2
5.6
5.6
4.1
4.3
6.0
6.0
6.6
5.5
4.4
5.4
3.6
5.6
5.3
4.0
4.6
5.2
5.8
6.4
5.4
4.5
5.3
3.9
5.0
4.2
4.4
3.7
5.3
5.9
5.3
4.7
3.8
5.7
3.9
4.4
3.7
3.6
3.3
5. 1
5.1
4.9
3.9
3.9
4.9
3.4
4.7
4.0
3.6
3.5
5.5
5.6
4. 1
4.2
4.2
5.2
6 .1
6.2
5.3
4.7
4.8
6.3
7.0
5.7
5.2
4.8
6. 1
5.5
4.9
4.7
4.8
4.3
5.9
6 .1
5.5
5.2
4.7
5.3
5.0
4.6
4.5
4. 1
4.8
5.4
6.2
5.4
5. 1
4.6
5.7
4.6
4.7
4.3
3.7
4.8
5.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
4.0
4.5
4.5
4.8
4.0
3. 1
4.6
5.3
5.2
5.2
4.3
3.8
4.5
4.7
4.4
4.5
3.6
4.7
5.8
4.8
5.0
4.8
4.3
5.6
4.8
4.6
4.1
2.9
4.1
5.3
5.4
4.7
4.7
3.6
4.8
4.4
5.0
4.5
3.9
4.3
5.6
5.7
5.3
4.8
4.2
5.3
1 Monthly estimates for these States are taken directly from the Current Popula
tion Survey. See appendix D for further explanation.
102
A
Table 25. M onthly unemploym ent rates from the Federal-State Cooperative Program for 40 States and the
District of Colum bia, 1976-801
(Not seasonally adjusted)
State
January
February
March
Apri 1
May
June
July
August September
7.0
7.9
6.8
7.2
8.0
6.5
7.2
5.8
6.5
7.6
6.4
7 .1
5.7
6.7
8.5
7.2
7.7
6.6
7.7
• 9.5
6.8
8.0
7. 1
8.0
10.7
6.4
7.3
6. 1
7. 1
9.8
6.5
7.0
5.9
7.2
9. 1
October
November
December
Annual
average
Alabama
1976 ___
1977 ___
19 78___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ___
7.3
7.9
7.5
6.8
7.9
7.2
8.6
6.9
7. 1
7.8
Alaska
1976 ___
1977 ___
19 78--1979 ____
1980....
10.A
10.3
12.2
11.2
10.2
10.0
10.9
11.8
11.7
11.1
10.2
10.4
12.5
11.3
11.2
8.6
9.8
11.8
10.4
11.1
8.6
9.2
11.9
9.4
9.5
8.3
8.0
11.0
9.3
10.2
6.9
7.8
10.1
8.0
9.0
6.8
7.3
9.6
7.4
8. 1
6.6
7. 1
9.3
7.2
7.8
7.5
8.6
10.3
8.2
8.6
8.7
10.3
11.2
9.3
9.2
9.0
11.3
11.5
10.0
9.9
8.0
9.4
11.2
9.2
9.6
Arizona
19 7 6 ---1977 ___
19 7 8 ___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ... .
11.9
9.3
7.2
5.6
5.9
11.5
9. 1
7. 1
5.2
5.9
11.1
9.0
6.6
4.8
6.0
10. 1
8.3
5.9
4.6
6.2
9.5
8.0
5.8
4.4
6.6
10.2
8.4
6.7
5.6
7.7
9.9
8.0
6.4
5.3
7.6
9.2
8.3
5.8
5.0
7.4
8.6
8.0
5.7
4.9
7.0
8.8
7.6
5.2
4.8
6.6
8.7
7.4
5.6
5. 1
6.5
8.6
6.9
5.3
5.2
6.6
9.8
8.2
6. 1
5. 1
6.7
Arkansas
1976 ____
1977 ____
19 78___
19 79____
1980 ___
9.0
9. 1
7.4
8.3
7.5
8.5
8.3
7.2
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.2
6.3
6.6
7.0
6.9
6.4
5.5
6 .1
7.2
6.4
6.0
5.5
5.4
7.5
7.2
6.2
6.0
6.0
8.2
6.9
6.2
6. 1
5.5
8.5
6.5
5.6
5.5
5.5
7.9
5.9
5.4
5.6
5.2
7.2
6. 1
5.8
5.9
5.4
6.9
6.9
6.3
7.2
6.0
7.6
7.4
6.9
7.7
6.7
7.9
7. 1
6.6
6.3
6.2
7.6
Colorado
1976 ___
1977 ____
19 7 8 ___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ___
6.8
6.3
6.7
5.4
5.4
6.3
7.2
5.9
5. 1
5.2
6.7
7.2
6.2
4.9
5.2
5.6
6.7
5.6
4.8
5.5
5. 1
6 .1
5.4
4.6
5.6
5.7
6.2
5.6
4.9
6. 1
5.9
6 .1
5.2
4.6
5.8
5.4
5.8
5.0
4.3
5.3
5.4
5.7
5.0
4.4
5.5
5.2
5.8
4.9
4.5
5.6
6. 1
6 .0
5.2
4.6
5.8
5.9
6 .1
5.5
5. 1
5.7
5.9
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.6
Co nnecticut
1976 ---1977 ___
19 7 8 ___
1979....
1980 ___
Delaware
19 7 6 ___
1977 ___
1978 ___
19 7 9 ___
19 8 0 ___
.
6.6
6.8
5.9
6.9 <
■
8.8
6.8
7 .1
5.8
7.0
8.7
6.7
6.7
6.4
7.4
8.5
6.8
7.4
6.3
7. 1
8.8
11.0
9.0
6.4
5.6
6. 1
10.6
8.7
6.3
5.6
5.7
10.1
8.4
6 .1
5.4
5.6
9.7
7.5
5.5
5. 1
5.5
9.3
7.0
5.2
4.7
5.6
9.7
7.2
5.2
5. 1
6.4
9.6
7.2
5.2
5.5
6.8
9.6
6.6
5.0
4.8
6.4
9.0
6.0
4.4
4.6
5.8
8.3
5.8
4.3
4.7
5.5
8.2
5.8
4.3
4.9
5.5
8.0
5.7
4.7
5.3
5.8
9.5
7.0
5.2
5. 1
5.9
9.6
9.9
8.0
9.2
9.6
9.2
13.2
9.8
9.8
8.3
8.9
9.9
8. 1
8.8
7.6
8.3
8.8
7.0
7.9
8. 1
8.8
8.1
6.7
7. 1
6.3
8.5
7.9
7.5
7.8
8.7
8.8
8.0
7.6
7.9
8.8
9.0
7.9
8.9
8.1
8.8
8.5
6.9
6.7
6.7
7.1
8.7
7.0
6.9
6.7
6.8
9.2
7.4
7.3
8.9
6.9
8.9
7.6
8.0
7.2
7.4
8.9
8.4
7.6
8.0
7.7
9. 1
10.3
9.5
7.9
7.5
9.2
10. 1
9.2
7.8
7.4
8.6
9.9
8.5
7.3
6.9
8.8
9.8
8.4
7.3
7. 1
9.6
11.0
9.2
8. 1
8.0
9.3
10.3
8.8
7.8
7.7
9.0
10. 1
8.3
7.6
7.4
9. 1
9.6
7.7
7. 1
7.4
9.0
9.5
7.7
7 .1
6.9
9.0
9.2
7.7
7 .1
7. 1
8.7
9.2
7.7
6.8
6.6
9. 1
9.7
8.5
7.5
7.2
Di stri ct of Colum bia
9.4
19 7 6 ___
9.2
1977 ____
9.5
19 7 8 ___
8.0
197 9 ___
6.9
1980 ___
Georqi a
1976 ____
19 77____
19 78____
19 7 9 ___
1980 ___
9.4
7.2
6.5
5.4
5.7
9.2
7.4
5.7
5.2
5.9
8.7
6.5
5.5
5.0
5.9
7.9
6.9
5.3
4.8
6. 1
7.9
6.9
5.3
4.7
6.6
8.6
7.6
6.0
5.3
7.6
8.2
7.55.9
5.3
7.7
7.9
6.9
6.2
5.2
6.9
7.5
6.5
5.6
5.0
6.6
7.4
6.6
5.3
5.1
6.3
7.3
6.6
5.5
5. 1
6.2
7.0
6. 1
5.4
5.3
5.9
8.1
6.9
5.7
5. 1
6.4
Hawai i
1976 ___
19 77---19 78---19 7 9 ___
1980 ___
9.7
8.4
8.0
6.9
5.8
10.0
7.7
7.7
6.4
4.8
10.3
7.5
7.9
6.0
4.8
9.7
6.8
7.5
6.4
4.6
9.8
6.8
8.0
6.4
4.5
10. 1
7.3
8.4
7.0
5.2
9.9
7.0
8.2
6.4
5. 1
10.2
6.6
7.7
6.0
4.9
10.0
7.4
7.9
5.9
5.4
9.9
8.0
7.9
6.0
5. 1
9.7
8.2
7.2
6.3
5. 1
8.7
7.5
6.6
5.4
4.8
9.8
7.3
7.7
6.3
5.0
Idaho
1976 ___
19 77--19 78---1979....
198 0 ____
6.9
7.9
6.9
8.5
8.6
7.2
8.0
6.7
7.8
8.4
6.8
7.2
6.4
7.0
8.1
6.0
6.3
5.9
6.2
8.6
5.3
5.5
5.0
5. 1
8.0
5.8
5.3
5.2
4.8
8.2
5.5
5.2
5. 1
4.7
8.2
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.0
8.0
4.6
5.0
4.9
4.5
6.7
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.0
6. 1
5.2
5.2
5.5
4.7
6.9
6 .1
6.0
6.6
6.3
7.8
5.7
5.9
5.7
5.7
7.9
Indi ana
1976 ____
19 77 ___
19 7 8 ___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ___
8.3
7.0
6.6
6.4
8.6
8.0
7.6
7.0
6.6
9. 1
7.3
6. 1
6.3
6 .1
8.8
6.3
5.3
5.5
6 .1
9.0
5.7
5.0
5.2
5.4
10.2
6. 1
5.7
5.8
6.3
11.7
5.6
5.5
5.9
6.6
11.2
5.1
4.9
5.2
6.5
10.6
4.9
4.9
5.0
6.0
9.7
5. 1
5.0
4.8
6.2
8.9
5. 1
5.5
4.9
6.6
8.8
5.5
6.2
6.0
7.9
9. 1
6 .1
5.7
5.7
6.4
9.6
Iowa
1976 ___
1977 ___
19 7 8 ___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ___
5.2
5.2
5.0
5.7
5.5
5. 1
5.2
5. 1
5.5
5.3
4.8
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.2
3.9
3.8
3.9
4.4
5. 1
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
5.5
4.0
3.8
3.9
4. 1
6.4
3.8
3.9
3.8
4.0
6.4
3.4
3.7
3.5
3.4
7.3
3. 1
3.2
3.2
3. 1
5.5
3.2
3.3
3.2
3. 1
5.4
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.5
5.2
4.1
4.3
4.6
4.3
5.7
4.0
4.0
4.0
4. 1
5.7
Kansas
1976 ___
1977 ___
19 78___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ___
4.9
5.0
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.7
4.8
3.9
3.7
4.2
4.3
4.3
3.3
3.2
3.9
4.0
3.8
2.6
3.0
4.5
3.8
3.7
2.6
3.0
4.4
4.4
4.2
3.0
3.5
5.0
4.4
4. 1
2.9
3.7
4.8
4. 1
3.9
2.9
3.2
4.7
3.9
3.8
2.7
3. 1
4.4
3.9
3.6
2.6
3. 1
4.4
4. 1
3.7
3.0
3.0
4.4
4.2
3.4
3.0
3.6
4.4
4.2
4.1
3. 1
3.4
4.4
See fo otnotes at end of table.
103
Table 25. M onthly unemploym ent rates from the Federal-State Cooperative Program for 40 States and the
District of Colum bia, 1976-801— Continued
(Not seasonally adjusted)
State
January
February
March
Apri 1
. May
.
June
July
August September
October
November
December
Annual
av er ag e
Kentucky
1976 ___
1977 ____
19 78___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ---
7.2
5.8
7.3
7 .1
7.9
7.5
6.3
7.7
6.8
8.8
6.8
5.2
5.8
5.8
7.7
5.3
6. 1
6.5
5.0
7.6
5.0
3.5
6.5
6.5
7.6
5.7
6.2
6.8
5.2
9.0
5.2
3.8
5.6
5.8
9.0
5.2
6. 1
5.1
5.3
8.6
6.7
3.9
6.6
6.8
8.3
6.6
6.3
6.6
5.2
7.7
6.9
6.8
6.5
5.3
7.3
5. 1
5.7
5. 1
6.0
7.6
5.6
6.7
5.2
5.6
8.1
Loui siana
1976 ___
19 77___
1978___
1979 ___
1980 ___
7.0
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.0
6.9
7.6
7.2
7. 1
6.8
6.5
7.0
7.0
6.7
6.3
6.9
6.6
6.9
6.6
6.3
6.8
6.5
7. 1
6.6
6.5
7.5
7. 1
8.0
7.6
7. 1
7.3
7.0
7.3
7.2
6.8
6.9
6.7
6 .9
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.3
6.6
6.5
6.8
6.5
6. 1
6.7
6.8
7.0
6.6
6.0
6.8
6.2
7.2
6.6
6. 1
6.8
6.8
7.0
7.0
6.7
6.7
11.2
10. 1
7.9
7.6
8.8
10.9
10.0
7.6
7.8
8.0
10.6
9.9
6)9
7.9
8.1
9.5
9. 1
6.3
7.6
8.2
8. 1
7.9
5.5
7.0
7.5
8.3
8. 1
5.5
6.9
7.8
9.6
9.5
6.9
8.9
9.6
7.6
7. 1
5.2
6.6
7.2
7.0
6.6
5.0
6.2
6.9
7.6
7.0
5.3
6.6
6.8
8.2
7.2
5.5
6.6
7.1
9.0
7.5
6.6
7.3
7.9
8.9
8.6
6.1
7.2
7.7
Ma ryland
1976 ___
1977 --1978 ___
1979 ___
1980 ---
6 .9
6.8
6.3
6.5
6.8
6.6
7.7
6.5
7.0
6.7
6.3
6.7
6.1
5.9
6.6
6. 1
5.9
5.3
5.5
6.0
5.0
5.6
5. 1
5.3
6.0
5.2
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.9
7.6
5.8
5.7
6.0
6.9
7. 1
5.6
5. 1
6 .0
6.6
7.2
5.3
6.7
5.6
6.2
7. 1
5.8
5.0
5.5
6 .1
7.9
5.8
5.6
5.7
6. 1
8.0
6.2
6.2
6.6
6.2
6.8
6.1
5.6
5.9
6.6
Minnesota
1976 ___
19 77___
19 78___
19 79___
1980 ___
7.7
6.8
5.2
5.0
5.7
7.3
6.7
6.9
6.7
5.7
7.3
6.6
6.5
6.6
6.0
6.3
5.5
3.8
6.3
6.0
5.6
6.7
3.5
3.7
5.6
5.8
5.0
3.8
6. 1
6.2
5.5
6.8
3.5
3.7
5.8
5.0
6.6
3. 1
3.8
5.3
6.9
6.0
2.9
3.2
5.2
6.8
3.9
2.8
3.6
5.0
5.2
6. 1
3.6
6.3
5.6
5.9
5.0
6.2
5.2
6.2
5.9
5. 1
3.8
6.2
5.7
Mi ssi ssi ppi
1976 ___
1977 --19 78--1979 ___
1980 ___
7.1
7.6
7.2
6.8
6.7
7.0
8.0
7.6
6.8
6.9
6.7
7.6
7.2
6 .1
6.5
5.7
6.9
6.5
5.6
6.6
5.9
7.0
6.7
5.2
7.3
7.0
7.7
8.3
6.2
8.9
6.7
7.6
8.0
6.0
8.8
6.2
7.0
7.6
5.5
8.1
5.9
7.0
6.5
5.3
7.6
6.3
7. 1
6 .1
5. 1
7. 1
6.7
7.5
6. 1
5.2
7.3
7.2
7.6
6.6
6.0
7.6
6.6
7.6
7. 1
5.8
7.5
Mi ssouri
1976 ___
1977---19 78___
1979___
1930 ____
7.7
7.8
6.3
5.7
6.3
7.2
7. 1
6.6
5.6
6.9
6.7
6.2
5.7
6.6
6.7
6 .1
5.3
6.8
6. 1
6.5
5.7
5.6
6.6
3.7
7. 1
6.3
6.0
5. 1
6.2
8.1
6.6
6.0
5.2
6.2
7.7
5.8
5.8
5.2
6.6
7.6
5.6
5.2
6.3
6.2
7.0
5.5
5.1
6.2
6.3
6.8
5.7
5.2
6.2
6.5
6.7
6.3
5.7
6.6
5. 1
6.8
6.2
5.9
5.0
6.5
7.0
Montana
1976 ___
1977 ---1 9 7 8 ___
19 79___
1980 ____
7.9
8. 1
8. 1
7.9
7.0
7.6
8.0
7.8
7 .1
6.7
7.2
7.7
7.7
6.6
6.5
5.9
6.6
6 .0
5.6
6.6
5.0
5.9
5. 1
6.6
5.2
6.2
6.0
6.2
5.2
6.0
5.5
5.8
5.5
6.5
6.2
5.2
5.5
5. 1
6.0
5.6
6.9
5.3
6.6
3.6
6.8
5. 1
5.5
6.5
3.8
5.0
5.9
6.2
5.5
6.3
5.5
6.5
6.6
6.0
5.2
6.2
6.1
6.6
6.0
5. 1
6.0
Nebraska
1976 ___
1977 ___
1978 ___
1979 --1980 ____
6.5
6.2
6.3
3.9
6. 1
6.6
6.3
6.3
3.6
6. 1
6.3
6.3
6. 1
3.6
3.9
2.9
3.6
2.6
2.8
3.8
2.8
3.3
2.3
2.9
3.9
3.3
3.6
2.8
3.5
6.3
3.0
3.6
2.5
3. 1
6.3
2.8
3.6
2.3
2.8
3.8
2.7
3.6
2.6
3.0
3.6
2.7
3.6
2.5
2.9
3.6
3. 1
3.8
2.5
3.0
6.0
3.6
6.0
3.6
6.0
6.5
3.3
3.7
2.9
3.2
6.0
10.8
9.5
6 .1
5. 1
5.9
10.7
8.9
5.5
5.0
5.8
9.9
8.6
6.9
6.7
5.5
9.0
7.8
6.3
6.8
5.7
8.6
7.2
6. 1
6.8
5.9
8.5
7.6
6.2
5.6
6.6
8.6
6.8
6. 1
5. 1
6.8
8. 1
6.7
3.7
6.8
6. 1
8.0
6. 1
3.9
6.8
6. 1
8. 1
5.9
3.9
5.0
5.9
8.3
5.8
6.2
5. 1
6 .1
8.7
5.8
6.8
5.5
7.0
9.0
7.0
6.6
5.1
6.2
8.1
7.3
6.8
3.3
6.3
7.8
7 .1
6.6
3.2
6.0
7.6
6.8
3.9
3.0
6.2
7.2
6.0
3.5
2.7
6.9
6.0
5.5
3. 1
2.7
5.0
6.3
6 .1
3.9
3.0
5.6
7.2
6.3
6. 1
3.6
6. 1
5.5
5.0
3. 1
2.7
6.7
5.0
6.8
3.3
2.9
6.6
5. 1
5.0
3.7
3. 1
6.5
5.5
6.8
3.5
3.3
6.7
6 .1
5.7
3.9
6.6
5.0
6.6
5.9
3.8
3.1
6.7
10.1
9.7
6.5
7.0
7.6
10.6
9.5
6.2
6.8
7. 1
10.2
9. 1
5.8
6.6
7.0
9.0
8.0
5.3
6. 1
7.0
8.6
7.6
5.2
6.2
7.0
9.7
7.7
6. 1
7.2
8.0
9.3
7.8
5.5
6.5
7.6
8.9
7.6
5.3
6. 1
7.6
8.5
6.7
5.6
6.2
7.6
8.9
6.7
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.7
6.6
5.8
6.3
7.6
8.6
6.5
5.8
6.8
7.6
9. 1
7.8
5.8
6.6
7.6
North Carolina
1976 ___
7.3
1977 ___
7.8
1978___
6.6
5.0
1979 ___
1980 ___
6.3
6.9
7 .1
5.0
6.8
6.0
6.5
6 .9
6.3
6.6
5.9
5.8
6 .1
6.3
6.6
5.7
5.7
5.8
6. 1
6.5
6.3
6. 1
6 .1
6.2
6.9
7.6
6.5
6.6
6.8
5.3
8. 1
5.6
5.3
3.6
6.6
6.9
5.9
6.9
3.6
6.7
6.6
6.0
6.8
3.6
6.9
6.6
6. 1
5. 1
3.8
6.9
6,5
6.2
6.7
6.6
5. 1
6.6
6.2
5.9
6.3
6.8
6.6
North Dakota
1976 ___
1977 ___
19 7 8 ___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ____
6.5
6 .0
6.3
5.5
5.3
6.3
6.2
5.8
6.8
5.2'
3.6
5.1
5.0
6.6
5.2
2.9
6.6
3.9
3.5
6.5
3.5
6.8
6.9
3.3
5.2
2.9
6.2
6.3
2.9
5.0
2.9
6. 1
3.8
2.6
6.6
2.6
3.6
3.3
2.2
6.3
2.9
3.8
3.2
2.2
3.8
6. 1
6.9
6.8
3.6
6.6
6.5
5.7
5.1
6.0
5.3
3.6
6.8
6.6
3.7
6.9
Maine
1976 ___
1977 ___
19 7 8 ___
19 7 9 ___
1980 ___
Nevada
1976 --1977 ___
1978....
1979....
1980 . ...
New Ha mpshire
1976 ___
1977 ___
1978 ___
1979 ___
1980 ___
New Mexico
197 6 ___
1977 --19 78___
1979....
1980 ____
6.3
5.8
7.3
5.9
6.0
See footnotes at end of table.
104
Table 25. M onthly unem ploym ent rates from the Federal-State Cooperative Program for 40 States and the
District of Colum bia, 1976-801— Continued
(Not seasonally adjusted)
State
January
February
March
Apri 1
May
June
July
August September
October
November
December
Annual
average
Oklahoma
1976 ....
1977 ....
19 7 8 ___
1979....
19 8 0 ____
6.7
5.7
4.4
4.1
4.2
6.5
5.7
5. 1
4.0
4.2
6. 1
5.4
4.0
3.3
4.3
5.6
5.2
3.7
3.4
5.0
5.3
5.5
3.7
3.1
5.8
5.7
5.6
4.0 .
3. 1
5.5
5.7
4.9
3.9
3.4
5.4
5.4
4.8
3.5
3.0
5.0
5.1
4.6
3.4
3.2
4.8
5. 1
4.4
3.5
3.3
4.7
5. 1
4.3
3.7
3.6
4.6
5.0
4.1
3.6
4.0
4.3
5.6
5.0
3.9
3.4
4.8
Oregon
1976 ....
1977 . . . .
1978....
1979. ...
1980 ----
12.5
9.7
7.5
8.4
8.7
11.8
9.5
7.2
7.9
7.9
11.5
8.9
6.6
7.5
7.9
10.4
7.9
6 .1
7.1
8.6
9.4
7.3
5.7
6.7
8.8
9.4
7.0
5.6
6.5
8.8
9.2
6.7
5.5
6.4
8.6
8.3
6.4
5.1
6. 1
8.0
7.8
6.0
5.2
5.7
7.6
7.7
5.8
5.3
5.8
7.5
8.4
6.3
6.3
6.7
8.1
8.5
6.7
6.4
7.4
8.6
9.5
7.4
6.0
6.8
8.2
Rhode Island
10.3
1 976 ....
9.6
1977 ....
8.1
19 78___
1979....
7.3
1980 ____
7.6
9.8
9.8
8.7
7.5
8.1
9. 1
9.7
7.6
6.8
7.5
8.2
9.0
6.7
6.6
7.4
7.4
8.7
6.0
5.9
6.7
7.7
8.9
6.5
6.9
7.5
_ _
8.3
10.2
7. 1
8.0
8.3
.
7.7
8.7
6.7
6.8
7.8
_ .
7.0
7.8
5.9
5.8
6.4
_ _
7.0
7. 1
5.6
5.8
5.9
_ .
7 .1
7.0
5.7
5.8
6.0
f ./
7.3
6.3
6.7
6.4
8.1
8.6
6.6
6.6
7.2
South Carolina
7.9
1976 ____
8.0
1977 ....
6.4
1978....
5.2
19 7 9 ___
5.8
1980 ---
7.9
8.6
6.3
5. 1
6.0
7.3
7.5
5.9
5.0
5.8
6.7
7.0
5.6
4.7
5.7
6.6
7.0
5.6
4.5
6.4
7.2
7.6
6.2
5.1
8. 1
7.3
7.8
6.3
5. 1
8.6
6.6
7 .1
5.6
5.0
7.5
6.3
6.5
5.3
4.9
7.3
6.5
6.6
5.4
4.9
7.3
6.9
6.8
5.2
5.1
7. 1
6.7
6.0
5.0
5.1
7.0
6.9
7.2
5.7
5.0
6.9
South Dakota
1976 ....
19 77____
19 78____
1979....
1980 ----
4.5
4.6
4.6
5.0
5.5
4.4
4.2
3.7
4.3
4.8
4.2
4.0
3.4
4.2
4.8
3.2
3.0
2.6
3.9
4.9
3. 1
2.7
2.4
3. 1
4.3
3.5
3.2
3.2
4.0
4.9
3.4
3. 1
3. 1
3.3
5.0
_ _
2.9
2.6
2.8
2.8
4.3
_ _
2.9
2.3
2.2
2.6
4.3
_ .
3.2
2.3
2.4
2.7
4.2
. .
3.2
2.6
2.6
3. 1
4.9
3.8
3.3
3.8
4.1
5.2
3 .H
3.3
3. 1
3.5
4.7
Te nnessee
1976 ....
1977 ____
19 7 8 ____
1979....
1980 ---
7.4
7.8
6.9
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.6
6.7
6.7
7.1
6.5
6.9
6.0
5.8
6.5
6.0
6.3
5.3
5.3
6.4
5.6
5.9
5.3
5.3
6.7
_ _
5.9
6.2
5.6
5.7
7.9
5.8
7.0
7.0
6.4
8.7
5.5
5.7
5. 1
5.5
6.9
6 .i
5.9
5.6
6 .1
7.3
b .U
6.3
5.8
5.8
7.2
Utah
1976 ....
1977 ____
1978. ...
19 79____
19 8 0 ---
7.2
6.4
4.8
4.8
5.9
6.7
6.5
4.6
4.9
6.1
6.3
6.2
4.2
4.4
5.9
5.5
5.3
3.6
4. 1
5.9
5. 1
5.2
3.3
3.9
6.2
5.7
5.5
3.8
4.4
6.9
5.3
5.2
3.5
4. 1
6.7
5. 1
4.9
3.5
3.8
6.3
5.0
4.6
3.4
3.8
6.3
5.0
4.6
3.5
3.9
6.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
4.4
6.2
5.6
4.5
4.2
5.0
6.5
5.7
5.3
3.8
4.3
6.2
Vermont
19 7 6 ___
19 77____
19 7 8 ---19 79____
1980 ___
10.3
8.6
7.3
6.0
6. 1
10.2
8.6
7.2
5.8
6.6
10. 1
8.2
6.9
5.4
6.5
9.7
7.7
6.7
5.5
6.7
8.9
6.9
6.0
4.6
6.5
9.3
6.9
6.4
4.9
7.1
8.4
6.5
5.9
4.8
7.4
8.0
6.2
5.2
4.5
6.7
7.5
5.9
4.5
3.9
5.9
7.4
6. 1
4.5
4.0
5.9
7.9
6.7
5.0
5.0
6.3
8.0
6.9
5.5
5.6
6.2
8.7
7.0
5.7
5. 1
6.4
Virginia
1976 ____
1977 ____
1978 ___
19 79____
1980 ___
7.0
6.4
6.6
5.5
5.5
6.5
7.2
6.2
5.4
5. 1
6.4
6. 1
5.9
4.7
4.8
5.9
5.6
5. 1
4.4
4.7
5.6
5.0
4.9
4.3
4.8
5.9
5.3
5.4
4.9
5.6
5.9
5.3
5.3
4.8
5.7
5.6
4.3
5. 1
4.3
5. 1
5.5
4.4
4.9
4.3
5.0
5.2
4.3
4.7
4.4
4.9
5.4
4.6
4.9
4.8
5.0
5.7
5.4
5.6
4.9
5.0
5.9
5.3
5.4
4.7
5.1
Washi ngton
19 7 6 ____
1977 ____
19 7 8 ___
19 7 9 ___
19 80----
10.3
10.0
8.8
8.3
8.5
9.8
10.3
8.2
7.7
7.7
9.6
10. 1
7.6
7. 1
7.2
8.9
9.3
6.9
6.7
7.3
8.0
8.9
6.6
6.2
7. 1
8.2
8.8
6.7
6.5
7.6
8.4
9.0
6.3
6.6
7.7
8.1
8.6
6.2
6. 1
7. 1
7.7
7.7
5.9
5.9
6.9
7.6
7.4
5.8
6. 1
7.2
8.3
7.6
6.4
6.6
7.5
8.7
7.7
7.0
7.5
8.1
8.7
8.8
6.8
6.8
7.5
West Virginia
1976 ___
1977 ____
19 78____
19 79___
1980 ___
9.4
9.3
9.8
8.6
10.0
9. 1
12.6
10.0
8.6
9.9
8.3
8.3
8.6
7.0
9.3
7.4
7.0
5.2
6.5
9. 1
6.7
5.6
4.8
6.0
8.4
7. 1
5.5
4.6
6.3
9.3
7.6
6.3
6 .1
7.2
10. 1
7. 1
6.0
6 .1
5.7
9.6
6.3
5.8
5.9
5.6
9. 1
6.4
5.5
4.7
6 .1
8.8
6.9
5.8
5.2
6.5
9.0
7.5
7.8
6 .1
7.7
9.8
7.5
7. 1
6.3
6.7
9.4
Wi sconsi n
1976 ____
19 77____
1 9 7 8 ___
1 979 ____
1980 ____
7.4
6. 1
6.4
5.7
6.3
7.6
6.2
6.3
5.4
6.7
6.6
6.3
5.9
4.9
7. 1
5.6
4.8
5.2
4.6
7.0
5. 1
4.3
4.8
3.9
7.7
5.3
4.5
5.0
4.3
8.0
5.4
4.7
5. 1
4.3
8.0
4.7
4.2
4.7
3.8
7.3
4.3
4. 1
4.2
3.8
6.6
4.4
4. 1
4. 1
3.9
6.3
5.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
6.5
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.2
7. 1
5.6
4.9
5. 1
4.5
7.0
Wyomi ng
1976 ___
1977 ___
19 7 8 ___
19 79___
1980 ___
5.2
4.9
4. 1
3.7
4.1
5. 1
4.7
4.0
3. 1
4. 1
4.8
4.0
3.5
2.8
4.0
4.3
3.7
3.2
2.6
3.8
3.6
3.2
3.0
2. 1
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.2
2.5
4.2
3.4
3.0
3.1
2.2
3.8
3. 1
2.7
2.8
2.2
3.4
3.0
3.0
3. 1
2.3
3.3
3.3
3.2
2.9
2.5
3.9
4. 1
4. 1
4.0
3. 1
4.4
4.0
3.9
3.5
3.5
4. 1
4.1
3.6
3.3
2.8
3.9
_ _
1 Monthly estimates for these States are obtained from the Federal-State
Cooperative program and are adjusted to annual averages from the Current Popula
tion Survey. See appendix D for further explanation.
105
_ .
5.3
5.7
5.2
5.3
7.6
_ _
5.3
5-9
5.0
5.2
7. 1
. .
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.2
6.9
. .
T a b le 26. Lab or fo rce and u n e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s fo r S ta te s and s e le c te d m e tro p o lita n a reas,
1979 and 1980 a n n u a l ave ra g e s
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
197 9
1 98 0
1979
1980
197 9
198 0
ALABAMA ................................................................................
B irm ingham ..........................................................................
H un tsville ..............................................................................
M o bile ....................................................................................
M ontgomery..........................................................................
Tuscaloosa............................................................................
1,624.0
375.8
135.8
181.0
118.7
51.8
1,642.0
379.4
137.4
183.1
120.3
52.3
116.0
23.7
9 .8
14.5
6 .9
3 .1
144.0
33.8
12.8
13.8
8 .5
4.1
7. 1
6.3
7.2
8.0
5.8
6.0
8.8
8 .9
9.3
7.5
7.1
7. 9
ALASKA ....................................................................................
180.0
187.0
17.0
18.0
9.2
9.6
A R IZO N A ..................................................................................
Phoenix..................................................................................
Tucson ..................................................................................
1,052.0
641.5
189.0
1,126.0
686.4
204.3
53.0
28.0
8 .3
75.0
40.3
11.7
5.1
4.4
4.4
6.7
5.9
5.7
ARKANSAS ..............................................................................
Fayetteville—S p rin g d ale ....................................................
Fort Smith1 ............................................................................
Little Rock— North Little R ock............................................
Pine B lu f f ..............................................................................
955.0
74.4
83.7
183.4
38.7
972.0
76.0
83.9
186. 2
39.3
59.0
3.3
6.3
7. 9
2.3
74.0
4.3
8.1
10.3
2. 5
6.2
4.5
7.5
4.3
5.9
7.6
5.6
9.7
5.5
6.5
C ALIFO R N IA............................................................................
Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden G ro v e ..............................
Bakersfield............................................................................
Fresno....................................................................................
Los Angeles— Long Beach2 ................................................
M o d e sto ................................................................................
Oxnard—Simi Valley—V entura..........................................
Riverside—San Bernardino—O ntario................................
S acram ento..........................................................................
Salinas—Seaside— M o nte re y............................................
San D iego..............................................................................
San Francisco—O a klan d ....................................................
San J o s e ................................................................................
Santa Barbara—Santa Maria— L om p o c............................
Santa R osa............................................................................
S to c k to n ................................................................................
Vallejo— Fairfield— N apa....................................................
10,968.0
1,0 59.1
176.6
261.3
3,491.0
124.2
223.3
570.7
4 6 2 .2
129.2
744.8
1,595.5
707.0
144.9
127.7
161.1
123.9
11,203.0
1,093.4
180.6
263.5
3,6 01.0
126.7
230.3
575.2
466.7
128.8
754.9
1,612.7
742.7
146.2
131.6
159.9
126.6
684.0
44.1
15.2
20.9
193.0
14.7
16.6
37.5
33.0
10.4
46.1
88.9
35.8
8.4
8. 5
15.9
8.0
760.0
47.3
14.5
23.9
237.0
16.5
16.7
44.0
36.7
11.9
49.6
87.4
39.2
8.1
9 .6
17.1
9.4
6.2
4.2
8.6
8.0
5.5
11.8
7.4
6.6
7 .1
8. 1
6.2
5 .6
5. 1
5 .8
6. 7
9.9
6.4
6.8
4.3
8.0
9 .1
6.6
13.0
7 .2
7. 7
7. 9
9.2
6.6
5.4
5.3
5. 5
7.3
10.7
7.4
COLORADO ..............................................................................
Denver— Boulder..................................................................
1,3 86.0
820.8
1,474.0
872.0
66.0
36.0
82.0
44.6
4.8
4.4
5 .6
5.1
CONNECTICUT........................................................................
Bridgeport ............................................................................
Hartford ................................................................................
New Britain ..........................................................................
New Haven—West Haven ..................................................
Stam ford................................................................................
W aterbury..............................................................................
1,581.0
193.0
378.3
74.0
206.1
120.3
1 09. 1
1,616.0
198.9
388.4
77.8
207.4
120.8
111.4
81.0
10.3
17.5
3'. 8
10.6
4.7
7.0
95.0
12.0
19.4
4. 6
13.1
5.0
8 .7
5.1
5.3
4. 6
5.1
5.1
3.9
6.4
5.9
6.0
5.0
6.0
6.3
4 .1
7.8
DELAW ARE..............................................................................
W ilm ington1 ..........................................................................
275.0
244.5
280.0
249.7
22.0
18.2
22.0
19.4
8.0
7.4
7.7
7.8
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA........................................................
Washington SMSA1 ..............................................................
320.0
1,605.5
317.0
1,633.3
24.0
73.0
23.0
70.4
7.5
4.5
7.2
4. 3
FLORIDA ..................................................................................
Bradenton..............................................................................
Daytona Beach ....................................................................
Fort Lauderdale—H ollywood..............................................
Fort Myers—Cape C o ra l......................................................
G aine sville ............................................................................
Ja ckson ville ..........................................................................
Lakeland—Winter H ave n ....................................................
Melbourne—Titusville—C ocoa..........................................
Miami ....................................................................................
O rlando..................................................................................
Panama C ity ..........................................................................
Pensacola..............................................................................
S arasota................................................................................
Talla h a ssee ..........................................................................
Tampa—St. Petersburg ......................................................
West Palm Beach— Boca Raton ........................................
3,835.0
55.7
93.4
408.9
75.6
67.4
298.8
124.8
104.1
702.9
307.5
37.4
108.8
68.6
75.4
591 . 1
221.5
3,9 25.0
56.9
94.5
424.2
77.3
67.9
2 97 . 5
126. 1
106. 2
724.3
316.8
36.9
107.1
69.1
76.4
603.0
231.9
230.0
2.4
5.1
21.7
3.8
3.0
16.7
12.2
7.5
41.8
17.9
3.5
6.4
2.9
3.4
31.6
14.3
234.0
2 .9
5.4
19.7
4.2
3.0
16.7
12.4
7.3
43.5
18.6
3.3
6.1
3.3
3.2
33.1
14.0
6.0
4.3
5.4
5.3
5.0
4.5
5. 6
9.8
7.2
6.0
5.8
9.5
5.8
4.2
4.5
5.3
6.5
6.0
5.1
5.7
4.7
5.4
4.4
5. 6
9.8
6 .9
6.0
5.9
9.0
5.7
4.8
4.2
5.5
6.0
See fo o tn o te s at end o f table.
106
T a b le 26. L ab or fo rc e an d u n e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s fo r S ta te s and s e le c te d m e tro p o lita n a re a s ,
1979 and 1980 a n n u a l a v e ra g e s — C o n tin u e d
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
State and area
Percent of
labor force
Number
1 979
198 0
1979
1980
1979
1980
5.1
5.9
4.7
5 .6
6.8
5. 7
5. 7
6.4
7.9
5.6
6.7
7. 7
6.0
6.7
GEORGIA............................................
A lb a n y ............ ............ ................
A tla n ta ............................................
A u g u s ta ..........................................
C olu m bu s'......................................
Macon ............................................
Savannah ........................................
2,334.0
48.1
939.7
120.8
84.2
97.1
87.5
2,385.0
49.0
967.4
122.9
83.1
98.1
87.4
119.0
2.8
43.8
6.8
5.7
5.5
5.0
154.0
3.9
53.9
8.2
6.4
5.9
5.8
HAWAII ..............................................
Honolulu ........................................
399.0
313.7
400.0
313.2
25.0
19.1
20.0
14.9
6.3
6.1
5.0
4.8
ID A H O ................................................
Boise City ......................................
422.0
89.2
424.0
89.4
24.0
3.7
33.0
5.6
5.7
4.1
7.9
6.2
IL L IN O IS ............................................
Bloom ington— N orm al..................
Champaign— Urbana— Rantoul ..
C h ic a g o ..........................................
Davenport— Rock Island—Moline'
Decatur ..........................................
Kankakee........................................
P eoria..............................................
Rockford ........................................
S prin g fie ld ......................................
5,332.0
58.9
78.1
3,336.3
183.0
57.2
41.3
170.4
134.6
94.1
5,447.0
59.7
82.9
3,4 19.3
186.5
60.2
41.5
172.9
134.5
96.4
293.0
2.3
3.4
173.0
8.1
4.6
3.4
9.3
7.2
5.5
454.0
3.8
4.7
265.6
13.0
7.2
4.8
14.4
14.0
7.3
5.5
3.9
4.4
5.2
4.4
7.9
8.4
5.4
5.4
5.8
8.3
6.3
5.7
7.8
7.0
11.9
11.6
8.4
10.4
7 .6
IN D IA N A ............................................
A nderson........................................
E lk h a rt............................................
E va n sville '............ ..........................
Fort Wayne ....................................
Gary— Hammond— East Chicago.
Indianapolis....................................
Lafayette—West L a fa ye tte ..........
M u n c ie ..............................................
South B e n d ......................................
Terre H a u te ......................................
2,610.0
60.4
72.6
145.1
193.1
295.4
591.3
61.4
56.3
142.3
82.3
2,620.0
59.0
68.7
145.7
195.7
298.5
602.1
61.8
57.4
139.9
82.5
167.0
5.1
5.9
7.5
10.4
19.6
32.5
3.1
4.1
8 .7
4.9
253.0
9.6
7.9
10.2
19.4
33.5
44.8
4.0
6.3
13.2
6.6
6.4
8.4
8.1
5.2
5.4
6.6
5.5
5.0
7.3
6.1
6.0
9.6
16.2
11.6
7.0
9.9
11.2
7.4
6.4
11.1
9.4
8.0
IO W A ....................................................
Cedar Rapids....................................
Des M o in e s ......................................
Dubuque ...... ....................................
Sioux C it y '........................................
W aterloo—Cedar Falls ..................
1,432.0
88.5
182.9
45.6
55.3
68.9
1,4 49.0
90.8
185.2
46.2
54.4
70.0
59.0
3.2
7.4
2.6
4.0
3.2
83.0
5.9
10.2
3.9
3.4
4.9
4.1
3.7
4.1
5.6
7.3
4.7
5.7
6 .5
5.5
8.5
6.3
7.0
1,198.0
35.4
97.6
227.3
1,198.0
35.5
96.2
227.8
40.0
1. 2
3.9
7.1
53.0
1. 6
5.3
9.6
3.4
3.5
4.0
3.1
4.4
4.5
5.5
4.2
1,563.0
166.0
415.3
39.0
1,621.0
173.1
428.9
42.2
87.0
5.5
21.7
2.2
131.0
8.2
34.1
3.1
5.6
3.3
5.2
5.5
8.1
4.7
8.0
7.4
1,679.0
67.2
208.4
73.4
70.3
53.4
471.7
152.5
1,723.0
67.9
219.6
78.3
73.7
53.4
4 76.0
154.0
112. 0 5.4
13.5
3.4
4.8
4.0
28.2
9.2
115.0
6.0
15.8
2 .9
4.9
4.4
27.5
10.4
6.7
8.0
6.5
4.7
6.8
7 .6
6.0
6.1
6.7
8.8
7.2
3.8
6.6
8.2
5.8
6.8
488.0
37.9
86.7
500.0
38.6
90.1
35.0
2 .7
4.8
39.0
3.0
5.3
7.2
7. 1
5.5
7.7
7.9
5.9
2,092.0
1,043.7
2,133.0
1,0 61.2
124.0
68.0
137.0
78.2
5.9
6 .5
6.4
7.4
KANSAS................................................
Law rence..........................................
Topeka ..............................................
W ic h ita ..............................................
K E N T U C K Y ....................................................
Lexington— F a ye tte ........................
Louisville' ........................................
O w e n s b o ro ......................................
LO U ISIAN A..........................................
A lexa n d ria ........................................
Baton R o u g e ....................................
L a fa y e tte .......... ...............................
Lake C ha rles....................................
M onroe..............................................
New O rle a n s .................. ..................
Shreveport........................ ................
M A IN E ..................................................
Lewiston—A u b u rn ..........................
P o rtlan d ............................................
MARYLAND.................. ..................,‘ . . .
B altim ore..........................................
See fo o tn o te s at end o f table.
107
T able 26. L a bo r fo rc e and u n e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s fo r S ta te s and s e le c te d m e tro p o lita n a re a s ,
1979 and 1980 a n n u a l a v e ra g e s —-C o n tin u e d
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
197 9
1 980
1979
1980
1979
1 98 0
MASSACHUSETTS
2,891.0
1,4 03.7
80.5
74.4
138.8
118.6
86.2
273.8
195.9
2,893.0
1,4 07.0
81.8
73.2
140.8
121.4
81.7
271.9
197.4
160.0
73.9
5.0
5.5
9.1
6.6
6. 4
13.2
9.0
163.0
70.3
5.6
5.9
8.4
6.9
6.6
14.9
10.2
5.5
5.3
6.2
7.4
6.5
5.5
7.5
4.8
4.6
5.6
5.0
6.8
8.1
6.0
5.7
8.1
5.5
5.2
MICHIGAN
4,314.0
145.1
80.0
51.5
2,0 52.1
223.4
309.4
68.3
134.2
233.9
76.8
102.8
4,298.0
144.5
80.3
53.4
2,030.6
229.4
313.2
66.1
135.0
236.9
78.1
101.9
335.0
8.4
5.5
3.9
160.8
19.6
16.6
4.9
7.6
15.6
6.7
7.8
541.0
11.9
9.3
8.1
266.8
40.5
26.3
7.7
11.4
24.9
10.6
14.7
7.8
5.8
6.9
7.7
7.8
8.8
5.4
7.2
5.7
6. 7
8.8
7.6
12.6
8.2
11.6
15.2
13.1
17.7
8.4
11.7
8.5
10.5
13.5
14.5
2,063.0
116.5
1,0 93.8
53.0
71.0
2,1 16.0
117.1
1,1 18.0
55.1
74.1
86.0
6.8
36.3
1.9
4.0
120.0
10.2
49.6
2.5
5.6
4.2
5.8
3.3
3.7
5.7
5.7
8.7
4.4
4.6
7.5
986.0
145.3
1,023.0
153.0
57.0
5.7
76.0
7.7
5.8
3.9
7.5
5.0
2,293.0
687.2
43.9
1,090.3
101.9
2,295.0
684.1
45.0
1,089.5
103.7
104.0
28.1
2 .2
58.6
3.8
161.0
42. 83.2
8 8 .2
5.8
4.5
4.1
5.1
5.4
3.7
7.0
6.3
7.2
8 .1
5.6
370.0
55.1
33.9
374.0
56.7
34.2
19.0
2.0
2.1
2 2 .0
2.6
2.4
5.1
3.7
6.2
6 .0
4.6
6.9
772.0
110.8
281.3
777.0
110.6
280.3
25.0
3 .2
12.7
31.0
4 .0
1.5.3
3.2
2 .9
4 .5
4.0
3 .6
5 .4
358.0
195.3
105.2
376.0
207.5
106.9
18.0
11.2
3.8
23.0
14.6
4.9
5 .1
5.7
3.6
6.2
7.0
4.6
445.0
79.6
71.3
461.0
81 . 3
77.1
14.0
2.6
2.1
22.0
4.2
3.4
3.1
3.3
2.9
4.7
5.2
4.4
3,538.0
95.3
247.9
227.8
322.1
965.1
212.2
159.7
58.2
3,582.0
105.6
244.9
231.5
328.2
975.1
212.1
162.0
59.6
245.0
8.8
24.8
16.4
19.1
64.2
19.3
9.1
5.6
258.0
8 .7
25.2
16.7
20.7
69.2
19.2
10.0
6.6
6.9
9.3
10.0
7.2
5.9
6.7
9.1
5.7
9.6
7.2
8.2
10.3
7.2
6.3
7.1
9.1
6.2
11.0
538.0
201.5
543.0
202.2
35.0
12.6
40.0
15.6
6.6
6.3
7.4
7.7
..................................................................
B o s to n ....................................................................................
Brockton .................................................................................
Fall River'................................................................................
Lawrence— Haverhill' ..........................................................
Low ell......................................................................................
New B e d fo rd ..........................................................................
Springfield—Chicopee— H o ly o k e ......................................
W o rc e s te r..............................................................................
........................................................................................
Ann A rbor................................................................................
Battle Creek............................................................................
Bay C it y .................. ................................................................
Detroit ....................................................................................
Flint ........................................................................................
Grand Rapids ........................................................................
Jackson ..................................................................................
Kalamazoo— Portage............................................................
Lansing— East L a n sin g ........................................................
Muskegon— Norton Shores— Muskegon H e ig h ts ............
S aginaw ..................................................................................
M IN N E S O T A ......................................................................................
Duluth—Superior’ ................................................................
Minneapolis—St. P a u l..........................................................
R o c h e s te r..............................................................................
St. Cloud ................................................................................
M IS S IS S IP P I......................................................................................
Jackson ..................................................................................
M IS S O U R I..........................................................................................
Kansas City' ..........................................................................
St. J o s e p h ..............................................................................
St. Louis1 ................................................................................
S p rin g fie ld ..............................................................................
M O N T A N A ..........................................................................................
B illin g s ....................................................................................
Great F a lls ..............................................................................
N E B R A S K A ......................................................................................
L in c o ln ....................................................................................
Omaha1 ..................................................................................
NEVADA ............................................................................................
Las Vegas ..............................................................................
R eno........................................................................................
NEW H A M P S H IR E ....................................................................
M anchester............................................................................
Nashua....................................................................................
NEW JERSEY ................................................................ ..................
Atlantic C ity .......................................... ..............................
Jersey C ity ..............................................................................
Long Branch—Asbury P a rk..................................................
New Brunswick— Perth Amboy—S a yre ville ......................
N ew ark....................................................................................
Paterson—C lifton— Passaic................................................
Trenton....................................................................................
Vineland— M illville— B rid g e to n ..........................................
NEW M E X IC O ............................................................................
Albuquerque ..........................................................................
See fo o tn o te s at end o f table.
108
'
T a b le 26. L ab o r fo rc e and u n e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s fo r S ta te s and s e le c te d m e tro p o lita n a re a s ,
1979 and 1980 a n n u a l a v e ra g e s — C o n tin u e d
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
1 979
1980
1979
1980
1 97 9
1 980
NEW Y O R K ..............................................................................
Albany—Schenectady—T ro y .................................... .......
Binghamton’ ........................................................................
Buffalo ..................................................................................
E lm ira....................................................................................
Nas8au-S u ffo lk................ ...................................................
New Y o rk ..............................................................................
New York City2..................................................................
Poughkeepsie......................................................................
R o c h e s te r............................................................................
S yra cu se ..............................................................................
Utica— Rome........................................................................
8,009.0
381.9
140.9
581.4
40.5
1,3 10.7
3,619.2
3,007.0
108.4
472.5
308.2
138.5
7,992.0
380.8
141.1
578.3
40.1
1,321.0
3,599.6
2,982.0
108.5
472.4
304.2
137.2
570.0
20.6
8.0
42.7
2.6
82.2
291.8
263.0
5.0
24.7
17.8
8.5
603.0
22.5
9.2
57.1
3.2
79.8
286.0
257.0
5.9
29.1
22.9
10.4
7.1
5.4
5.7
7.3
6.3
6.3
8.1
8.7
4.6
5.2
5.8
6.1
7.6
5.9
6.5
9.9
8.0
6.0
7.9
8.6
5.4
6.2
7.5
7.6
NORTH CAROLINA ................................................................
Asheville ..............................................................................
Charlotte—G a s to n ia ..........................................................
Greensboro—Winston-Salem— High P o in t......................
Raleigh— D urham ................................................................
2,692.0
82.6
339.0
411.6
281.9
2,741.0
82.7
347.9
415.1
289.7
129.0
3.5
12.7
18.0
9.6
180.0
4.8
16.6
24.3
12.9
4.8
4.3
3.8
4.4
3.4
6.6
5.8
4.8
5.9
4.5
NORTH DAKOTA ....................................................................
Fargo— Moorhead' ............................................................
303.0
70.2
309.0
70.8
11.0
2.6
15.0
3.7
3.7
3.6
4.9
5.2
OHIO ........................................................................................
A k ro n ....................................................................................
C a n to n ..................................................................................
Cincinnati1............................................................................
C leveland..............................................................................
Columbus ...................................................................... .
D a y to n ..................................................................................
Toledo’ ...................................................................................
Youngstown—W a rre n ........................................................
5,036.0
302.7
183.6
657.9
932.2
540.9
390.6
366.4
236.2
5,086.0
303.1
186.5
674.4
941.6
557.4
389.0
367.5
237.5
297.0
18.3
10.5
35.1
46.5
25.7
24.1
26.3
17.1
426.0
25.6
16.7
47.5
68.2
31.6
29.2
38.2
28.0
5.9
6.1
5.7
5.3
5.0
4.8
6.2
7.2
7.2
8.4
8.5
8.9
7.0
7.2
5.7
7.5
10.4
OKLAHOMA ............................................................................
Oklahoma City ....................................................................................
Tulsa......................................................................................
1,278.0
386.6
309.6
1,325.0
404.5
324.9
44.0
12.3
64.0
18.0
3.4
4.8
10.1
14.5
3.2
3.3
4.4
4.5
OREGON ..................................................................................
Eugene—S p rin g fie ld ..........................................................
Portland’ ...............................................................................
S&lom
1,217.0
126.6
589.9
112.5
1,271.0
133.3
624.8
83.0
10.4
31.8
6.8
8.2
5.4
8.2
9.8
6.2
120.0
7.0
105.0
13.0
38.7
9 .?
PENNSYLVANIA ............................................ .......................
Allentow n— Bethlehem— Easton' ....................................
Altoona ................................................................................
E rie .........................................................................................
H a rrisb urg ............................................................................
5,368.0
302.7
60.3
127.2
219.5
110.3
177.9
287.4
2,146.4
1,015.9
155.0
53.0
174.7
366.0
19.5
5.1
9.1
Lancaster.................... .. ................................ .............................
Northeast Pennsylvania ...................................................................
P hiladelphia' .........................................................................................
P itts b u rg h ............................................................................
R ea d ing ................................................................................
W illia m s p o rt.............................. ..........................................
Y o r k .......................................................................................
5,296.0
297.6
’ 58.0
125.3
217.0
109.0
175.7
283.2
2,119.4
1,008.1
150.4
52.5
1 71. 2
RHODE IS L A N D ......................................................................
Providence—Warwick— Pawtucket1 .................. .............
450.0
451.7
SOUTH CAROLINA.............................. ....................................
Charleston— North C harleston...................................... ...
C o lu m b ia ..............................................................................
Greenville—Spartanburg....................................................
1,306.0
153.7
172.3
259.0
SOUTH DAKOTA...................... ................................................
Rapid C it y ............................................................................
Sioux F a lls ............................................................................
T E N N E S S E E ........................... .................' . .............................................
Chattanooga’ .......................................................................
K n o x v ille ..............................................................................
Memphis’ ..............................................................................
Nashville— D avidson..........................................................
7 7
417.0
6.9
21.0
5.7
1 1 .5
6.5
8.7
7 .2
12.6
1^.0
5.0
8.7
24.8
148.2
59.1
8.4
5.0
8.9
9.6
28.3
146.2
73.0
11.6
6.4
12.0
4.6
8.7
7.0
5.9
5.6
9.6
5.2
5.4
9.8
6.8
7.2
7.5
i 2.0
6.9
462.0
458.2
30.0
30.1
33.0
33.1
6.6
6.7
7.2
7.2
1, 3 0 6 . 0 '
155.0
172.6
259.7
65.0
8.0
6 .5
10.2
90.0
10.5
8.0
14.7
5.0
5.2
3.8
3.9
6.9
6.8
4.6
5.6
337.0
42.6
62.5
3 3-7.0
42.0
63.1
12.0
1.7
2.0
16.0
2.3
2.9
3.5
4.0
3.2
4.7
5.5
4.6
1,979.0
190.4
206.9
386.0
407.9
2,015.0
189.4
211.9
391.2
4 1 1 .1
115.0
9.9
9.1
20.7
17.7
145.0
12.8
11.7
23.9
23.2
5.8
5.2
4.4
5.4
4.3
7.2
6.8
5.5
6.1
5.6
S ee fo o tn o te s a t e n d o f ta b le .
11.8
109
10.8
9. A
8.0
7.8
7.0
9.5
9 .1
5.8
Table 26. Labor force and unemployment estimates for States and selected metropolitan areas,
1979 and 1980 annual awerages— Contimued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
1979
1 98 0
TEXAS ..............................................................
A m a rillo ........................................................
A u stin ............................................................
Beaumont— Port Arthur—Orange ............
Corpus C h rls tl..............................................
Dallas— Fort Worth ....................................
El P aso..........................................................
Galveston—Texas C it y ..............................
H ou sto n ........................................................
L ubbock........................................................
San A n to n io ..................................................
Waco ............................................................
Wichita F a lls ................................................
6,244.0
87.9
245.3
167.0
140.1
1,464.9
168.9
81.4
1,428.2
100.0
412.2
77.6
59.5
U T A H ................................................................
Salt Lake City—Ogden................................
1979
1980
6,412.0
86.4
252.1
168.0
142.0
1,524.4
173.3
83.2
1,474.0
100.2
425.1
79.7
60.3
263.0
3.0
7.3
9.8
6.8
52.1
13.4
4.2
47.3
3.4
23.3
3.1
1 .9
584.0
384.7
607.0
398.6
VERMONT........................................................
240.0
VIR G IN IA ..........................................................
L ynch b u rg ....................................................
Newport News— Hampton ........................
N orfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth1 ..
Petersburg—Colonial H eights— Hopewell
Richmond ....................................................
Roanoke........................................................
1979
1 980
337.0
3.6
9.4
11.7
8.6
68 . 9
16.0
5.4
62.5
4.4
28.0
4.3
2.4
4.2
3.4
3.0
5.9
4.8
3.6
7.9
5.2
3.3
3.4
5.7
4.0
3.2
5.3
4.2
3.7
7.0
6.0
4.5
9.2
6.5
4.2
4.4
6.6
5.4
4.0
25.0
16.3
38.0
23.8
4.3
4.2
6.2
6.0
245.0
12.0
16.0
5.1
6.4
2,477.0
75.1
159.3
321.9
57.8
322.4
108.7
2,530.0
76.7
167.0
327.0
61.0
330.1
111.4
117.0
3.2
8.6
17.6
3.1
10.6
4.7
129.0
3.9
8 .9
19.0
3.8
11.8
5.2
4.7
4.2
5.4
5.5
5.3
3.3
4.3
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.8
6.2
3.6
4.7
W ASHINGTON................................................
Seattle— E ve rett..........................................
Spokane........................................................
T a c o m a ........................................................
1,892.0
831.1
148.5
174.5
1,9 08.0
838.1
146.6
172.5
128.0
44.4
10.1
12.9
143.0
50.0
11.2
13.0
6.8
5.3
6.8
7.4
7.5
6.0
7.6
7.5
WEST V IR G IN IA ..............................................
C harleston....................................................
Huntington—Ashland1................................
Parkersburg — Marietta1..............................
Wheeling1 ....................................................
751.0
120.9
121.8
69.2
80.2
768.0
128.5
125.2
72.5
82.9
51.0
5.7
7.7
4.1
5.1
72.0
9.7
12.2
6.6
7.9
6.7
4.7
6.3
6.0
6.4
9.4
7.6
9.8
9.1
9.6
WISCONSIN ............................ ........................
Appleton—O shkosh....................................
Eau Claire ....................................................
Green Bay ....................................................
Janesville— Beloit ......................................
Kenosha........................................................
La Crosse............................ ......................
M a diso n ........................................................
M ilw aukee....................................................
R a c in e ..........................................................
2,381.0
150.5
57.8
88.4
71.3
63.0
45.9
179.8
725.9
88.5
2,401.0
150.0
57.3
89.0
70.3
61.5
47.8
182.2
7 31. 1
88.5
108.0
6.5
3.4
4.5
3.6
3.3
2.1
6.5
28.3
4.2
169.0
10.5
4.3
6.0
9.2
5.0
2.7
8 .7
45.3
7.2
4.5
4.3
5.9
5 .1
5.0
5.2
4.5
3.6
3.9
4.8
7.0
7.0
7.6
6.7
13.1
8.1
5.6
4.8
6.2
8.1
WYOMING........................................................
223.0
232.0
6.0
9 .0
2.8
1 Includes interstate portion of area located in adjacent State.
3. 9
statewide totals. See appendix D for a description of the estimating methods.
N.A. = not available.
NOTE: Annual average State data are obtained directly from the Current
Population Survey. Estimates for sub-state areas, except New York City and Los
Angeles-Long Beach, are based on administrative statistics adjusted to the
SOURCE: Current Population Survey and Cooperating State Employment
Security Agencies listed on the inside back cover.
110
Appendix A . Definitions of
Data Derived from the
Cyrrerst Population Survey
Tables showing labor force status in sections I-III in
clude provisional estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over in 1980 as well as
data on the civilian labor force (the total of the em
ployed and the unemployed), unemployment rates, and
labor force participation rates. Population estimates are
revised by the U.S. Bureau of the Census each year.
The revised population estimates are incorporated into
the CPS labor force levels used in the Federal-State
Cooperative Program. This adjustment affects the esti
mates of labor force, employment, and unemployment
but does not affect unemployment rates, participation
rates, or employment-population ratios.
Employed persons are all civilians who did any work
as paid employees or in their own business during the
survey week, or who worked 15 hours or more as un
paid workers in an enterprise operated by a family mem
ber. Persons temporarily absent from a job because of
illness, bad weather, a strike, or for personal reasons
are counted as employed whether they were paid by
their employer or were seeking other jobs.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who did not work
during the survey week, made specific efforts to find a
job in the prior 4 weeks, and were available for work
during the survey week (except for temporary illness).
Persons waiting to be recalled to a job from which they
had been laid off, and those waiting to report to a new
job within the next 30 days, are also counted as
unemployed.
Duration o f unemployment represents the length of
time (through the current survey week) during which
persons classified as unemployed had been continuously
looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of
unemployment represents the number of full weeks since
the termination of their most recent employment. A pe
riod of 2 weeks or more during which a person was
employed or ceased looking for work is considered to
break the continuity of the present period of jobseeking.
In this report, the percent of the unemployed with
short-term unemployment—less than 5 weeks or about
1 month—is contrasted with the percent unemployed
5-14 weeks, 15-26 weeks, 27-51 weeks, and 52 weeks
and over. Data are available by sex, age, and race in
111
States, metropolitan areas, and large cities. However,
because of the small size of the teenage and black and
other population in many areas, estimates of the dura
tion of unemployment for these demographic groups
are available only for a limited number of areas. Esti
mates are not published for categories in which there
are fewer than 500 persons unemployed.
Reasons fo r unemployment are divided into four ma
jor groups: (1) Job losers— persons whose employment
ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for
work, and persons on layoff; (2) Job leavers— persons
who quit or otherwise terminated their employment
voluntarily and immediately began looking for work;
(3) Reentrants— persons who previously worked at a
full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer but were out of
the labor force before looking for work; and (4) New
entrants—persons who never worked at a full-time job
lasting 2 weeks or longer.
The full-tim e labor force consists of persons working
on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working
part time (employed part time for economic reasons),
and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. “Eco
nomic reasons” include: Slack work, material shortages,
repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of
job during the week, and inability to find full-time work.
The part-time labor force consists of persons working
part time voluntarily (1-34 hours), and unemployed per
sons seeking part-time work. Persons with a job but not
at work are classified according to their usual full- or
part-time status.
Estimates for the full-time and part-time labor force
are shown for the States and 30 metropolitan areas.
However, because of the small numbers involved, reli
able data for the black and other population are not
available for all areas.
Occupational data for the employed refer to the job
held during the survey week. Persons with two or more
jobs are classified according to the job in which they
worked the most hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to the last full-time
civilian job held for 2 weeks or more. The classifica
tions of occupations used in data derived from the CPS
are as defined in the 1970 Census.
Employment, unemployment, and the unemployment
rate are shown for each of the States and the 30 large
metropolitan areas for each occupational category. Data
are not shown where the numbers are too small to yield
reliable estimates. In tables showing data for cities, oc
cupational groups have been combined in order to im
prove the quality of the estimates.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the survey week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but who
were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be re
ported as working 32 hours even though they were paid
for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the fig
ures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs
during the survey week. However, all the hours are
credited to the major job.
The distribution of employment by hours worked re
lates to persons “at work” during the survey week. Atwork data differ from data on total employment be
cause the latter include persons in the zerohours-worked category, “with a job but not at work.”
Included in this latter group are persons who were on
vacation, ill, involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise
absent from their jobs for voluntary, noneconomic
reasons.
White and black and other are terms used to describe,
the race of workers. The “black and other” category
includes all persons who identified themselves in the
enumeration process to be other than white. At the time
of the 1970 Census of Population, 89 percent of the
black-and-other population group were black; the re
mainder were primarily American Indians, Alaskan Na
tives,, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. The term “black”
is used in this report when the relevant data are pro
vided exclusively for the black population.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified them
selves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto
Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or of other
Hispanic origin or descent. Hispanics may be of either
race; hence, they are included in the data for both the
white and the “black and other” population. Estimates
of sampling errors in this report for the Hispanic-origin
population are based upon those for the black and other
population. However, since the Hispanic population is
smaller, estimates for this group are likely to have a
wider error range. Therefore, caution should be exer
cised in making comparisons using these data.
A more detailed description of the definitions used
in this survey appears in Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Popula
tion Survey, BLS Report 463.
112
Appendix B. CPS Sampling
and Esfiimatfcn Proaedynss
and Sampling Error Tables
The estimates presented in sections I-III of this re
port are based on annual averages of monthly data ob
tained from the Current Population Survey (CPS)—a
sample survey of the civilian noninstitutional popula
tion. 1The survey is conducted each month by the Bu
reau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
and provides comprehensive data on the labor force,
the employed, and the unemployed, including such char
acteristics as age, sex, race, marital status, and occupa
tion. The survey also provides data on the characteris
tics of those not in the labor force. The information is
collected by trained interviewers from a scientifically
selected sample designed to represent the civilian non
institutional population. During 1980, over 71,000 oc
cupied housing units were eligible for interview each
month; all but about 6,000 of these units were in the
national CPS sample. Respondents are interviewed to
obtain information about the employment status of each
household member 16 years of age and over for the
calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which in
cludes the 12th of the month. This is known as the sur
vey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the
following week.
Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed Forces,
and persons under 14 years of age are not covered in
the regular monthly enumerations; persons under 16 are
excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this report.
-.Sampling procedures
The sample design used for the CPS is based to a
large extent on the distribution of the population re
ported in the most recent decennial census. The current
sample encompasses 629 sample areas comprising over
1,000 counties and cities, with coverage in every State
and the District of Columbia. These areas were selected
by dividing the entire area of the United States into
1,931 primary sampling units (PSU’s). With some mi
nor exceptions, a PSU consists of a county or a num
ber of contiguous counties. Each of the standard met'F or a technical description of the CPS sampling and estimation
procedures and variance estimation procedures, see Technical Paper
40, T he C u rre n t P o pulation S u rvey D esig n a n d M eth o d o lo g y, January
1978, published by the Bureau of the Census.
ropolitan statistical areas (SMSA’s) defined as of the
1970 Census constitutes a separate PSU.
To improve the efficiency of the sample, the 1,931
PSU’s were grouped into strata. PSU’s in strata by
themselves are self-representing (SR), and generally are
the most populated PSU’s in each State. Other strata
were formed by combining PSU’s which were similar
in such characteristics as geographic region, population
density and growth, proportion nonwhite, principal in
dustry, number of farms, etc. PSU’s selected from these
strata are non-self-representing (NSR), since each rep
resents the entire stratum.
Within each of the selected PSU’s, the number of
households to be enumerated each month is determined
in two steps. First, a sample of census enumeration dis
tricts (ED’s) is selected. These are administrative units
designated in the 1970 Census and contain, on the av
erage, about 300 households. Second, clusters of ap
proximately four addresses to be enumerated within
each designated ED are selected. Whenever possible,
the four units are contiguous.
Part of the sample is changed, or rotated, each month.
A primary reason for rotating the sample is to avoid
the poor cooperation which may result from interview
ing a constant panel indefinitely. Another reason for
replacing households is to reduce the cumulative effect
of response biases which are sometimes observed when
the same persons are interviewed indefinitely. The ro
tation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to
be identical from 1 month to the next and one-half to
be identical with the same month a year earlier.
Prior to the State and area sample supplementations
in 1976 and 1980, the sampling ratio, or probability of
selecting each household, was the same in each State,
approximately 1 in 1,500. The sampling ratio is auto
matically modified over time so that the size of the
sample is held relatively constant despite the overall
growth of the population. In 1976, the samples in 23
small States and Washington, D.C. were supplemented
to improve the reliability of the estimates. In 1980, ad
ditional households were added to the samples in se
lected States and areas for this same purpose. This sup
plementation affected the sampling ratios in these States.
Consequently, the probability of selecting a particular
113
population estimates in these categories.
The independent State controls for the civilian
noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an
arithmetic extrapolation of the trend in their growth
from the April 1, 1970, census count through the
latest available July 1 estimate, adjusted as a last step
to a current estimate of the U.S. population. A
description of the methodology used to derive the na
tional age-sex-race estimates and State totals may be
obtained from the Chief of the Population Division,
U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
20233.
household in the sample currently varies considerably
from State to State. (See section on reliability standards).
CPS estimating methods
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all
of the results for a given month become available si
multaneously and are based on returns from the entire
panel of respondents. The CPS estimation procedure
involves the weighting up, or inflating, of the data from
each sample person to develop estimates for the entire
population from which the sample was drawn.
The basic weights, which are the inverse of the sam
pling ratios, are adjusted to better reflect the entire
population, as described below.
1.
Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all inter
viewed households are inflated to the extent needed to
account for occupied sample households for which no
information was obtained because of absence, impassable
roads, refusals, unavailability of the respondent, or other
reasons. The proportion of sample households not inter
viewed generally varies from 4 to 5 percent, depending
on weather, vacations, etc.
2.
3.
Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population se
Reliability of the (estimates
Since the estimates in this report are based upon a
sample of the population rather than a complete count,
they may differ from the figures that would have been
obtained if it had been possible to take a complete census
using the same schedules and procedures as are used in
the CPS. There are two types of errors in an estimate
based on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling.
The sampling error tables in this report primarily indi
cate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also
partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors
in response and enumerations but do not measure any
systematic biases in data. In general, the error of a sam
ple estimate varies inversely with the size of the sam
ple and directly with the size of the estimate. Hence,
an estimate for a subgroup constituting a small propor
tion of a population will tend to have a smaller abso
lute fond larger relative) error than an estimate for a
subgroup constituting a large proportion of that same
population.
lected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance,
from that of the population as a whole in such charac
teristics as age, race, sex, and residence.
Since these characteristics are closely correlated with
labor force participation and other principal measure
ments made from the sample, the latter estimates can be
substantially improved when weighted appropriately by
the known distribution of these population characteris
tics. This is accomplished through two stages of ratio
estimation as follows:
a.
First-stage ratio estimate. As explained above, NSR
areas are chosen to represent not only themselves,
but also other unsampled areas. The first-stage ratio
adjustment procedure is designed to correct for the
differences that existed at the time of the 1970 Census
between the distribution of the population by race
and residence in the NSR sample areas and the
known distribution in the entire area represented by
each of these NSR areas. The procedure is performed
twice, once for the four census regions and then for
each of the 46 States which contain NSR areas.
b.
Second-stage ratio estimate. This stage is designed
to adjust the first-stage estimates for sample cover
age of the population, and is conducted as follows.
First, the sample estimates are adjusted within each
State and the District of Columbia to an independ
ent estimate of the population 16 years and over for
that State. The second step involves persons of black
and other races only and is an adjustment to inde
pendent estimates of 48 age-sex-race categories for
the Nation as a whole. The third step, applied to all
sample persons, is used to adjust the State totals to
independent population estimates for 68 national
age-sex-race groups. When completed, this pro
cedure insures that the sample population estimates,
both for the States and the national age-sex-race
categories, will be virtually equal to the independent
Composite estimate procedure. In deriving the final sta
tistics for a given month, a composite estimating proce
dure is used which takes account of net changes in the
sample results from the previous month for the continu
ing households of the sample (75 percent), as well as the
sample results from all households for the current month.
Almost all estimates of month-to-month change are im
proved by this procedure, and most estimates of levels
are also improved, but to a lesser extent.
Reliability standards
As previously mentioned, the proportion of the total
population sampled in the CPS differs among the States.
In general, the smaller the population, the larger the
sampling proportion. For example, in Vermont approxi
mately 1 in every 200 households was sampled in 1980,
whereas in New York the sample covered about 1 in
every 1,500 households. Nevertheless, the size of the
sample in New York is larger than in Vermont because
the State CPS data are weighted to produce national
estimates, and because New York contains a much larger
proportion of the national population than Vermont.
Differences in the probability of selection of house
holds in each area (i.e., sampling ratios) are necessary
114
to obtain total unemployment levels meeting a mini
mum level of reliability—a maximum expected annual
coefficient of variation of 10 percent, at one standard
error, given a 6-percent unemployment rate. Before
CPS labor force data for a State or area can be used in
the Federal-State cooperative program, the size of the
sample for that area must be large enough to produce
estimates meeting that minimum standard of reliability.
(See section IV.)
Publication standards for State and area
CPS data
The publication of data based on a comparable mini
mum standard of reliability for all areas, including
States, SMSA’s, and cities, requires unique standards
for minimum labor force, employment, and unemploy
ment levels, based on the known differences in sam
pling ratios among these areas. To ensure a minimum
standard of reliability, BLS requires that at least 30
sample cases be the basis for publication of data below
the State or area totals. As a result of these two re
quirements, minimum bases for publication have been
developed for each State. Table B-l lists the minimum
necessary base for publication of data in each of the
States, the District of Columbia, and the metropolitan
areas and cities appearing in this report.
Estimates are not shown when they do not meet the
minimum base for the State or area listed in table B-l.
The determining factor for publication is the size of ei
ther the denominator of the distribution or the un
employment rate. In tables showing labor force status,
the size of the labor force of the particular group de
termines whether data for that group are published. In
all other tables, the determining factor is the base or
total of the distribution—which equals 100 percent. Data
are not published for any cell with fewer than 500 per
sons or less than 0.5 percent.
Using the sampling error tables
T h e sam p lin g e r r o r ta b les (tab les B-2 th r o u g h B-l 7)
can be used directly to develop 90-percent confidence
intervals for sample estimates. They indicate the order
of magnitude of the sampling error rather than the pre
cise amount of the possible error in an estimate. (A
sampling error equals 1.645 times one standard error.)
Table B-2 shows that an estimate of 50,000 un
employed persons (total or white) in Alabama will have
an absolute sampling error of 8,000, and a relative sam
pling error of 16 percent, while an estimate of 100,000
unemployed persons in Alabama has an absolute sam
pling error of 12,000 and a relative sampling error of
12 percent.
The statement that unemployment in Alabama is be
tween 42,000 and 58,000 in the first instance, and be
tween 88,000 and 112,000 in the second, is made with
90-percent confidence. If repeated samples were drawn
from the same population and a confidence interval
115
constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of
10 cases the true value based on a complete census of
the population would be contained within these error
ranges. Hence we can be 90-percent confident that the
interval constructed does, in fact, contain the true value.
To calculate a 68-percent confidence interval (2
chances out of 3), multiply the sampling error shown
by 0.6. To convert the sampling error to 95-percent
confidence (19 chances out of 20), multiply the sam
pling error by 1.19. For the example given above, the
sampling error at 90-percent confidence was 8,000. At
68-percent confidence, the error would be about 4,800
(8,000 X 0.6 = 4,800). At 95-percent confidence, the
error would be about 9,500 (8,000 X 1.19 = 9,520).
To compute the error of a difference from the tables,
an additional step is required. If, for instance, one wishes
to know whether a change in the unemployment rate
from 1979 to 1980 in a particular area is statistically
significant, or whether the difference in the unemploy
ment rate between two areas or population groups is
statistically meaningful, the significance of the differ
ence needs to be computed.
To test for the significance of a difference, the follow
ing formula should be used:
-J i
where:
T
E j = (E ]) + (E2) - C
E 1 = the sampling error of one group or year
E 2 - the sampling error of another group or year
C = the covariance (or relationship) term
between El and E2
Ed - the sampling error of the difference
The Ej and the E2 must be found in the appropriate
Geographic Profile for each year, since the size of the
samples and, consequently, sampling errors may differ
from year to year. Estimates for the “C” term for areas in
this report are not available. (If the relationship between
the two groups or years is small, the “C” term may be
ignored. If, however, there is a strong positive relation
ship between the two groups, then the error computed
without the “C” term will be overstated.) An example
will show how this test is applied. Suppose one wished
to know whether a hypothetical change in the CPS un
employment rate in Alaska from 10 percent to 8 per
cent between 1979 and 1980 was significant. Assume that
the labor force was about 100,000 in both years. Table
B-8 in the 1979 Geographic Profile gives the error for a
10.0 percent unemployment rate as S.l 1, and table B-6
in this year’s Geographic Profile gives the error for an
8.0 percent unemployment rate as 1.07. Using the formu
la described above, the following would result.
El = 1.11
(E1 )2 + (E2)2 = 2.377
V 2~377 = 1.54
E2 = 1.07
Assuming a negligible “C” term, the error of the dif
ference is about 1.5. Since the actual change (2.0 percent)
exceeds the error of the difference, it can be stated, with
90-percent confidence, that the difference in rates is
attributable to factors other than sampling error alone.
To derive a sampling error for a given estimate, it may
be necessary to use interpolation or extrapolation. For
example, table B-2 contains no sampling error for an
estimate of 150,000 unemployed persons in Alabama.
The following formula shows how to interpolate for an
estimate of 150,000 in Alabama:
where:
Es = [[(S - G) (F - G)] x (X - Y)] + Y
F = published size immediately above the
size desired (200.000)
G = published size immediately below the
size desired (100.000)
S = size desired (150.000)
X = error of the F (16,000)
Y - error of G (12,000)
Es = error of S (14,000)
If the sample estimate lies outside the boundaries of
the error tables, extrapolation can be used to approxi
mate the sampling error. The formula for extrapolation
is the same as that for interpolation; however, the “F”
term is the highest value in the table and the “G” term
becomes the next highest value.
Derivation of sampling errors
These State and area sampling errors are developed
using a generalized procedure and are not based on the
sample data for each individual area. As with all sam
pling error tables produced for CPS State and area data,
a number of approximations were required in order
to derive sampling errors that would be applicable to
a wide variety of items. As a result, these sampling er
rors provide an indication of the order of magnitude of
a sampling error rather than a precise sampling error
for any specific item.
The sampling error tables are derived from standard
error equations and special parameters developed by
the Bureau of the Census. These may be obtained from
the Bureau of Labor Statistics on request.
116
Table B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of State or area data
(In thousands)
State or area
California..............................................
Colorado ..............................................
Connecticut..........................................
Delaware..............................................
Minimum base
38
4
27
22
46
28
42
8
9
48
State or area
Minimum base
Wyoming..............................................
65
37
19
46
5
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove
SMSA................................................
Baltimore central c ity ........................
Hawaii...................................................
Idaho ....................................................
Illinois ...................................................
Indiana..................................................
Io w a ......................................................
Kansas .................................................
Kentucky..............................................
48
13
10
49
44
30
24
37
44
13
Buffalo SMSA.......................................
Chicago SM SA.....................................
Chicago central c ity ..........................
Cincinnati SM S A ..................................
Cleveland SM SA..................................
Cleveland central c ity ........................
Dallas-Fort Worth SMSA .....................
Denver-Boulder SM SA........................
Massachusetts .....................................
Nebraska..............................................
New Jersey..........................................
New Mexico.........................................
30
41
42
36
22
29
8
18
7
12
47
13
Detroit central c ity .............................
Milwaukee SMSA.................................
Milwaukee central c ity .......................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LMA ...................
45
North Dakota.......................................
Oklahoma.............................................
Oregon .................................................
Pennsylvania .......................................
57
7
42
30
26
47
12
38
8
46
13
7
35
24
35
40
27
9
37
42
32
20
47
38
20
17
47
47
43
New York central c ity ........................
44
Philadelphia SMSA ..............................
Philadelphia central city ....................
47
40
39
47
Riverside-San Bemardino-Ontario
SMSA................................................
49
U ta h ......................................................
Vermont ...............................................
47
46
29
19
39
33
47
47
23
29
15
San Francisco-Oakland SMSA ...........
San Jose SMSA...................................
Seattle-Everett SMSA...........................
Washington D.C. SMSA.......................
117
31
25,
12
42
47
36
38
28
Table B-2. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estim ated num bers o f unem ployed fo r total o r w hite persons by
State
(In thousands)
Estimated number
10
20
25
50
100
200
400
600
800
Alabama.................................................
Alaska ....................................................
Arizona...................................................
Arkansas ................................................
California................................................
Colorado ................................................
Connecticut ...........................................
Delaware................................................
District of Columbia...............................
Florida....................................................
5
3
1
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
3
4
1
3
3
4
3
3
1
2
4
5
2
4
4
5
4
5
2
2
6
6
—
5
4
6
5
5
2
2
6
8
—
6
6
8
7
8
—
—
9
12
—
9
9
12
9
11
—
—
13
16
—
—
—
17
—
—
—
—
18
_
—
—
—
24
—
—
—
—
25
_
—
—
—
29
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
33
—
—
—
—
—
—
Georgia ..................................................
Hawaii ....................................................
Idaho ......................................................
Illinois.....................................................
Indiana ...................................................
Iow a.......................................................
Kansas ...................................................
Kentucky................................................
Louisiana................................................
Maine ....................................................
3
1
1
3
3
2
2
3
3
1
4
2
2
4
4
3
3
4
4
2
6
3
3
6
5
5
4
5
5
3
7
—
3
6
6
5
5
6
6
3
9
—
4
9
9
8
7
8
8
4
13
—
—
13
12
11
9
12
12
--
18
—
—
18
17
—
—
16
16
—
_
—
—
25
23
—
—
—
—
--
_
—
—
30
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
“
Maryland................................................
Massachusetts......... .............................
Michigan ....................................... ........
Minnesota..............................................
Mississippi .............................................
Missouri..................................................
Montana.................................................
Nebraska ...............................................
Nevada ...................................................
New Hampshire .....................................
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
2
1
1
3
3
4
4
3
3
2
3
2
2
4
5
5
5
4
5
3
4
2
3
5
5
6
6
4
5
3
4
2
3
6
7
9
8
6
7
—
6
—
—
9
11
12
11
9
10
—
12
15
17
15
—
15
—
_
—
24
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
29
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
--
— ■
New Jersey ...........................................
New Mexico ..........................................
New Y ork...............................................
North Carolina........................................
North Dakota.........................................
O hio.......................................................
Oklahoma..............................................
O regon...................................................
Pennsylvania.........................................
Rhode Island.........................................
3
1
3
3
1
3
2
2
3
1
4
2
4
5
2
4
3
3
' 4
2
5
3
6
7
2
5
5
4
6
3
6
3
6
7
—
6
5
5
6
3
23
—
24
—
—
23
—
—
24
_
—
30
—
—
28
—
—
29
South Carolina......................................
South D akota........................................
Tennessee .............................................
Texas .....................................................
U tah.......................................................
Vermont .................................................
Virginia...................................................
Washington............................................
West Virginia.........................................
Wisconsin ..............................................
Wyoming................................................
3
1
3
3
2
1
4
2
2
3
1
4
2
4
4
2
1
5
3
2
4
1
5
2
6
6
3
2
7
5
3
6
6
—
7
7
4
—
8
5
4
7
—
■“
118
—
—
—
—
—■
9
4
9
10
—
8
7
7
9
4
12
—
12
15
—
12
10
9
12
17
—
17
20
—
16
—
13
17
—
—
—
—
—
8
—
9
9
5
—
11
8
5
9
11
—
13
13
_
-18
19
_
—
—
26
_.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
16
11
7
13
—
22
15
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
18
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-*
—
34
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table B-3. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estim ated numbers of unem ployed fo r black and other persons
by State
(In thousands)
Estimated number
2
10
20
3
1
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
3
4
—
3
3
4
3
3
1
2
4
5
—
—
4
5
—
5
—
2
—
—
—
—
6
6
6
7
—
—
7
5
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
3
1
—
3
3
2
2
3
3
—
4
2
—
4
4
3
3
4
4
--
—
—
5
5
--
—
— •
—
Maryland.........................................
Massachusetts................................
Michigan .........................................
Minnesota.......................................
Mississippi .......................................
Missouri...........................................
Montana..........................................
Nebraska........................................
Nevada ...........................................
New Hampshire............................
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
2
1
--
3
3
4
4
3
3
—
—■
—
~
4
—
6
—
4
5
—
—
—
—
5
—
New Jersey .....................................
New Mexico ....................................
New Y o rk........................................
North Carolina.................................
North Dakota...................................
O hio.................................................
Oklahoma .......................................
Oregon............................................
Pennsylvania........................ ..........
Rhode Island...................................
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
3
3
—
3
2
2
3
—
4
2
4
5
—
4
3
3
4
—
6
—
6
7
—
South Carolina................................
South D akota..................................
Tennessee ......................................
T e xa s..............................................
2
1
2
2
3
1
3
3
Verm ont..........................................
Virginia............................................
Washington .....................................
West Virginia...................................
Wisconsin .......................................
Wyoming.........................................
1
2
2
1
2
1
_
4
2
2
3
—
—
—
12
—
—
—
—
13
—
—
—
—
17
—
—
—
—
—
9
—
—
9
9
—
—
—
9
—
13
—
—
13
—
—
—
—
12
—
—
—
—
18
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
—
9
—
6
8
—
—
—
--
—
—
12
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
17
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
12
—
13
15
—
12
—
—
12
—
—
—
18
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
13
—
—
—
--
9
—
—
—
9
—
—
—
—
9
Georgia...........................................
Hawaii .............................................
Idaho...............................................
Illinois..............................................
Indiana............................................
Iowa.................................................
Kansas ............................................
Kentucky.........................................
Louisiana........................................
Maine ..............................................
6
5
12
6
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
3
—
200
50
Alabama..........................................
A laska.............................................
Arizona............................................
Arkansas.........................................
California.........................................
Colorado.........................................
Connecticut.....................................
Delaware.........................................
District of Columbia.........................
Florida.............................................
,
100
25
—
—
—
6
6
6
—
6
—
5
5
—
—
—
—
‘
--
—
9
—
9
11
—
8
—
—
9
—
4
—
4
4
5
—
6
—
7
7
8
—
10
10
•_
—
7
5
—
6
—
—
_
—
—
11
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
5
—
6
6
6
5
3
—
4
—
119
6
—
6
7
—
6
—
—
6
8
—
—
Table B-4. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estim ated num bers of civilian labor force and em ployed fo r total
or w hite persons by State
(In thousands)
Estimated number
25
50
100
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
_
—
—
—
92
—
—
—
—
61
_
—
—
—
100
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
44
• --—
—
—
—
10,000
_
12,500
Alabama.........................................................
Alaska ............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Arkansas........................................................
California........................................................
Colorado........................................................
Connecticut ....................................................
Delaware........................................................
District of Columbia.......................................
Florida............................................................
7
2
6
6
8
6
7
3
3
8
10
3
8
8
11
8
10
4
4
11
15
4
11
11
15
12
14
5
6
16
20
3
16
15
22
16
19
6
7
22
28
—
21
19
31
22
26
3
5
31
32
—
24
22
37
25
30
—
—
38
36
—
25
23
43
27
. 33
—
—
43
38
—
25
22
47
27
34
—
—
47
39
—
19
—
57
24
34
—
—
55
35
—
—
—
65
—
26
—
—
61
_
—
—
—
71
—
—
—
—
65
Georgia..........................................................
Hawaii ............................................................
Ida h o ..............................................................
Illinois.............................................................
Indiana ...........................................................
Iow a................................................................
Kansas ...........................................................
Kentucky........................................................
Louisiana .......................................................
Maine .............................................................
8
4
4
8
8
7
6
7
8
4
12
5
5
12
11
9
8
10
11
6
16
7
7
16
15
13
11
15
15
8
23
9
9
23
21
18
16
20
21
10
31
9
9
32
29
24
21
27
28
12
37
—
5
39
35
28
23
32
33
10
41
—
—
44
39
30
25
35
37
~
45
—
—
49
42
31
25
37
39
--
49
—
—
57
47
29
18
37
41
—
50
—
—
64
49
—
—
32
38
—
47
—
—
68
47
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
73
—
—
—
—
—
--
--
--
-
-
Maryland........................................................
Massachusetts...............................................
Michigan ........................................................
Minnesota......................................................
Mississippi ......................................................
Missouri..........................................................
Montana.........................................................
Nebraska.......................................................
Nevada...........................................................
New Hampshire.............................................
6
7
8
7
6
7
3
5
3
4
8
10
11
10
8
9
5
7
4
5
12
14
15
14
11
13
6
10
6
7
16
19
21
19
15
18
8
13
7
9
22
27
30
26
20
25
■
8
17
6
10
26
32
36
31
22
29
—
17
—
6
29
36
41
34
23
33
—
16
—
—
31
39
45
37
23
35
—
—
—
—
34
44
53
39
15
39
—
—
—
—
32
46
58
37
—
40
—
—
—
~
27
46
61
30
—
37
—
—
—
_
—
56
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
__
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
--
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
~
New Jersey ....................................................
New Mexico ...................................................
New Y ork........................................................
North Carolina................................................
North Dakota..................................................
O hio................................................................
Oklahoma .......................................................
Oregon...........................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Rhode Island..................................................
8
4
8
9
3
7
6
6
8
4
11
6
11
13
4
11
9
8
11
5
15
8
16
18
6
15
13
12
16
7
22
10
22
25
7
21
17
16
22
9
30
12
31
34
5
29
23
21
31
10
36
12
37
41
—
35
27
24
37
7
41
—
43
46
—
40
29
26
43
--
45
—
48
49
—
44
30
26
47
—
52
—
57
56
—
52
27
22
56
— '
56
—
65
58
—
58
—
—
62
--
58
—
71
56
—
62
—
—
67
—
35
—
87
—
—
65
—
—
74
—
_
—
90
—
—
32
—
—
55
—
_
—
78
—
—
—
—
—
—
--
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
South Carolina...............................................
South Dakota.................................................
Tennessee ......................................................
Texas .............................................................
U tah................................................................
Verm ont.........................................................
Virginia...........................................................
Washington ....................................................
West Virginia..................................................
Wisconsin ......................................................
Wyoming........................................................
7
3
8
8
4
3
9
7
5
8
2
10
4
12
12
6
4
13
10
7
11
3
14
6
17
16
8
5
19
14
10
16
4
19
7
23
23
11
5
26
19
13
22
5
26
6
31
32
13
—
36
26
17
31
—
30
—
37
39
13
—
42
30
18
36
—
32
—
41
44
9
—
47
34
19
40
—
33
—
44
49
_
—
41
71
_
—
_
—
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
120
—
—
51
36
—
44
—
29
—
48
58
—
—
57
38
—
•48
—
_
—
47
65
—
—
58
35
—
48
—
—
—
55
—
—
44
—
—
81
—
—
—
—
—
—
100
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
90
—
_
—
—
-
--
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
68
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table B-5. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estim ated num bers o f civilian labor force and em ployed for
black and other persons by State
(In thousands)
Estimated number
10
20
25
50
100
200
400
600
Alabama ...........................................
Alaska...............................................
Arizona..............................................
Arkansas...........................................
California ..........................................
Colorado...........................................
Connecticut......................................
Delaware ..........................................
District of Columbia..........................
Florida...............................................
5
1
4
4
5
4
4
2
2
5
7
2
5
5
7
5
6
3
3
7
7
2
6
6
8
6
7
3
3
8
10
3
8
8
11
8
10
4
4
11
15
—
—
11
15
12
14
—
6
16
20
—
—
15
22
—
19
—
7
22
27
—
—
—
30
—
—
—
5
31
32
—
—
—
37
—
—
—
—
38
Georgia.............................................
Hawaii...............................................
5
2
7
3
8
4
12
5
16
7
23
9
31
9
37
--
Illinois................................................
Indiana..............................................
Iowa ..................................................
Kansas ..............................................
Kentucky...........................................
Louisiana..........................................
5
5
4
4
5
5
7
7
6
5
7
7
8
8
7
6
7
8
11
11
—
8
10
11
16
15
—
11
14
15
23
21
~
—
20
21
32
29
—
—
—
28
38
—
—
__
—
33
44
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Maryland...........................................
Massachusetts..................................
Michigan ...........................................
Minnesota.........................................
Mississippi........................................
Missouri ............................................
Montana ...........................................
Nebraska..........................................
Nevada .............................................
4
4
5
4
4
4
2
3
2
5
6
7
6
5
6
3
5
3
6
7
8
7
6
7
—
5
3
8
10
11
10
8
9
—
7
4
12
14
15
16
19
21
26
—
36
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
11
13
~
—
~
15
18
—
—
--
22
—
30
—
20
25
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
New Jersey......................................
New M exico......................................
New York .........................................
North Carolina ..................................
North Dakota ...................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oklahoma.........................................
Oregon..............................................
Pennsylvania.....................................
Rhode Island ....................................
5
3
5
6
2
5
4
4
5
2
7
4
7
8
—
7
6
5
7
3
8
4
8
9
—
7
6
6
8
--
11
6
11
13
—
11
9
8
11
—
15
—
16
18
—
15
13
12
16
—
22
—
22
25
—
21
17
—
22
--
30
—
31
34
—
29
—
—
31
—
36
—
37
41
—
35
—
—
37
--
_
—
43
—
—
—
—
47
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
57
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
South Carolina..................................
South Dakota...................................
Tennessee .......................................
Texas ................................................
Utah ..................................................
Virginia..............................................
Washington ......................................
West Virginia.....................................
Wisconsin.........................................
4
2
5
5
3
6
4
3
5
6
3
7
7
4
8
6
4
7
7
—
8
8
—
9
7
—
8
10
—
12
12
—
13
10
—
11
14
—
16
16
—
18
14
—
16
19
—
23
23
—
26
19
—
—
26
—
31
32
—
35
—
—
—
_
—
—
39
—
42
—
—
—
_
—
—
44
—
—
—
—
—
121
—
—
—
—
—
—
800
1,000
1,500
_
_
_
—
—
—
42
—
—
—
—
43
—
—
—
47
—
—
—
—
--
—
—
—
57
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
--
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Tabs® B-6. Sampling e rro rs at 90-percent confidence level o f estim ated unem ploym ent rates fo r total o r w hite persons by
State
Estimated rate (percent)
State apd size of
civilian labor force
(In thousands)
1
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
25
Alabama, California, Florida,
Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey,
New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ...............................................
2,000 ...............................................
2,500 ...............................................
5,000 ...............................................
7,500 ...............................................
10,000 .............................................
12,500 .............................................
8.43
5.33
3.77
2.67
2.39
1.69
1.19
.84
.60
.49
.42
.38
.31
.27
.24
.17
.14
.12
.11
11.83
' 7.48
5.29
3.74
3.35
2.37
1.67
1.18
.84
.68
.59
.53
.43
.37
.33
.24
.19
.17
.15
16.44
10.40
7.35
5.20
4.65
3.29
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.82
.74
.60
.52
.47
.33
.27
.23
.21
19.77
12.51
8.84
6.25
5.59
3.95
2.80
1.98
1.40
1.14
.99
.89
.72
.63
.56
.40
.33
.28
.25
22.41
14.17
10.02
7.09
6.34
4.48
3.17
2.24
1.59
1.30
1.12
1.00
.82
.71
.64
.45
.37
.32
.29
24.58
15.54
10.99
7.77
6.95
4.92
3.48
2.46
1.74
1.42
1.23
1.10
.90
.78
.70
.50
.41
.36
.32
28.58
18.07
12.78
9.04
8.08
5.72
4.04
2.86
2.02
1.65
1.43
1.28
1.05
.91
.82
.58
.48
.42
.38
31.14
19.69
13.93
9.85
8.81
6.23
4.41
3.12
2.21
1.80
1.56
1.40
1.15
1.00
.89
.64
.53
.46
.42
32.60
20.62
14.58
10.31
9.22
6.52
4.61
3.27
2.31
1.89
1.64
1.47
1.20
1.05
.94
.68
.56
.50
.45
Delaware, Vermont
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ...................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ...................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
3.26
2.06
1.46
1.03
.92
.65
.46
.33
.23
4.57
2.89
2.04
1.45
1.29
.91
.65
.46
.33
6.35
4.01
2.84
2.01
1.80
1.27
.90
.64
.46
7.63
4.82
3.41
2.41
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.55
8.63
5.46
3.86
2.73
2.45
1.73
1.23
.88
.63
9.46
5.98
4.23
3.00
2.68
1.90
1.35
.96
.70
10.96
6.93
4.91
3.48
3.11
2.21
1.58
1.13
.83
11.89
7.53
5.33
3.78
3.38
2.41
1.72
1.25
.92
12.38
7.84
5.55
3.94
3.53
2.52
1.81
1.33
1.00
Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, South
Dakota
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ...................................................
25 ...................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 .................................................
600 ..................................................
4.15
2.62
1.86
1.31
1.17
.83
.59
.42
.29
.24
5.82
3.68
2.60
1.84
1.65
1.16
.82
.58
.41
.34
8.10
5.12
3.62
2.56
2.29
1.62
1.15
.81
.58
.47
9.75
6.17
4.36
3.08
2.76
1.95
1.38
.98
.70
.57
11.06
7.00
4.95
3.50
3.13
2.22
1.57
1.11
.79
.65
12.14
7.68
5.43
3.84
3.44
2.43
1.73
1.23
.88
.72
14.17
8.96
6.34
4.49
4.01
2.84
2.02
1.44
1.04
.86
15.50
9.81
6.94
4.91
4.40
3.12
2.22
1.59
1.15
.96
16.31
10.32
7.31
5.18
4.63
3.29
2.35
1.69
1.23
1.04
Maine, New Mexico
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
4.59
2.90
2.05
1.45
1.30
.92
.65
.46
.33
.27
6.44
4.07
2.88
2.04
1.82
1.29
.91
.64
.46
.37
8.96
5.66
4.01
2.83
2.53
1.79
1.27
.90
.64
.52
10.78
6.82
4.82
3.41
3.05
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.63
12.22
7.73
5.47
3.87
3.46
2.45
1.73
1.23
.88
.72
13.42
8.49
6.00
4.25
3.80
2.69
1.91
1.35
.97
.79
15.63
9.89
6.99
4.95
4.43
3.14
2.23
1.59
1.14
.94
17.07
10.80
7.64
5.41
4.84
3.43
2.44
1.74
1.26
1.05
17.93
11.35
8.03
5.69
5.09
3.61
2.57
1.85
1.34
1.13
Arizona, Arkansas, Maryland,
Missouri, Nebraska
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ...............................................
2,000 ...............................................
2,500 ...............................................
6.40
4.05
2.86
2.02
1.81
1.28
.91
.64
.45
.37
.32
.29
.23
.20
.18
8.97
5.67
4.01
2.84
2.54
1.79
1.27
.90
.63
.52
.45
.40
.33
.29
.26
12.45
7.88
5.57
3.94
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.25
.88
.72
.63
.56
.46
.40
.36
14.97
9.47
6.69
4.73
4.23
2.99
2.12
1.50
1.06
.87
.75
.67
.55
.48
.43
16.94
10.72
7.58
5.36
4.79
3.39
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.85
.77
.63
.55
.49
18.56
11.74
8.30
5.87
5.25
3.71
2.63
1.86
1.32
1.08
.94
.84
.69
.60
.54
21.50
13.60
9.62
6.80
6.09
4.31
3.05
2.16
1.53
1.26
1.10
.98
.81
.71
.64
23.33
14.76
10.44
7.38
6.60
4.67
3.31
2.35
1.67
1.38
1.20
1.08
.90
.79
.72
24.29
15.37
10.87
7.69
6.88
4.87
3.45
2.45
1.75
1.45
1.26
1.14
.95
.84
.77
122
Table B-6. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level o f estim ated unem ploym ent rates for total o r w hite persons by
State — Continued
State and size of
civilian labor force
(In thousands)
1
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
25
Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts,
Minnesota, Missouri, South
Carolina, Washington
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ............................ .....................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ...............................................
2,000 ...............................................
2,500 ...............................................
5,000 ...............................................
7.46
4.72
3.34
2.36
2.11
1.49
1.06
.75
.53
.43
.37
.33
.27
.24
.21
.15
10.46
6.61
4.68
3.31
2.96
2.09
1.48
1.05
.74
.60
.52
.47
.38
.33
.30
.21
14.52
9.19
6.50
4.59
4.11
2.91
2.05
1.45
1.03
.84
.73
.65
.53
.46
.41
.30
17.45
11.04
7.81
5.52
4.94
3.49
2.47
1.75
1.24
1.01
.88
.78
.64
.56
.50
.36
19.76
12.50
8.84
6.25
5.59
3.95
2.80
1.98
1.40
1.15
.99
.89
.73
.63
.57
.41
21.64
13.69
9.68
6.85
6.12
4.33
3.06
2.17
1.54
1.26
1.09
.98
.80
.70
.63
.45
25.08
15.86
11.22
7.93
7.10
5.02
3.55
2.52
1.79
1.46
1.27
1.14
.94
.82
.74
.54
27.22
17.21
12.17
8.61
7.70
5.45
3.86
2.74
1.94
1.59
1.39
1.25
1.03
.90
.82
.61
28.34
17.93
12.68
8.97
8.02
5.68
4.02
2.85
2.03
1.67
1.46
1.31
1.09
.96
.87
.66
Nevada, North Dakota, District of
Columbia
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
3.67
2.32
1.64
1.16
1.04
.73
.52
.37
.26
5.16
3.26
2.31
1.63
1.46
1.03
.73
.52
.37
7.18
4.54
3.21
2.27
2.03
1.44
1.02
.72
.51
8.65
5.47
3.87
2.74
2.45
1.73
1.23
.87
.62
9.83
6.22
4.40
3.11
2.78
1.97
1.40
.99
.71
10.80
6.83
4.83
3.42
3.06
2.17
1.54
1.09
.78
12.64
7.99
5.66
4.00
3.58
2.54
1.80
1.29
.93
13.88
8.78
6.21
4.40
3.94
2.79
1.99
1.43
1.04
14.67
9.28
6.57
4.66
4.17
2.96
2.12
1.53
1.12
Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma,
Oregon
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ...............................................
7.20
4.55
3.22
2.28
2.04
1.44
1.02
.72
.51
.42
.36
.32
.26
10.10
6.39
4.52
3.19
2.86
2.02
1.43
1.01
.71
.58
.51
.45
.37
14.04
8.88
6.28
4.44
3.97
2.81
1.99
1.41
1.00
.81
.71
.63
.52
16.91
10.69
7.56
5.35
4.78
3.38
2.39
1.69
1.20
.98
.85
.76
.63
19.18
12.13
8.58
6.07
5.43
3.84
2.72
1.92
1.36
1.12
.97
.87
.71
21.05
13.32
9.42
6.66
5.96
4.21
2.98
2.11
1.50
1.23
1.07
.96
.79
24.55
15.53
10.98
7.77
6.95
4.92
3.48
2.47
1.75
1.44
1.25
1.13
.93
26.85
16.98
12.01
8.50
7.60
5.38
3.81
2.71
1.93
1.59
1.38
1.25
1.04
28.23
17.86
12.63
8.94
8.00
5.66
4.01
2.85
2.04
1.68
1.47
1.33
1.11
Georgia, Tennessee, Texas,
Wisconsin
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ...............................................
2,000 ...............................................
2,500 ...............................................
5,000 ...............................................
7,500 ...............................................
9.36
5.92
4.19
2.96
2.65
1.87
1.32
.94
.66
.54
.47
.42
.34
.30
.27
.19
.15
13.14
8.31
5.88
4.16
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
.93
.76
.66
.59
.48
.42
.37
.26
.22
18.29
11.57
8.18
5.78
5.17
3.66
2.59
1.83
1.29
1.06
.92
.82
.67
.58
.52
.37
.30
22.04
13.94
9.86
6.97
6.23
4.41
3.12
2.20
1.56
1.27
1.10
.99
.81
.70
.63
.44
.36
25.02
15.83
11.19
7.91
7.08
5.01
3.54
2.50
1.77
1.45
1.25
1.12
.92
.80
.71
.51
.42
27.49
17.39
12.29
8.69
7.78
5.50
3.89
2.75
1.95
1.59
1.38
1.23
1.01
.87
.78
.56
.46
32.13
20.32
14.37
10.16
9.09
6.43
4.55
3.22
2.28
1.86
1.61
1.44
1.18
1.03
.92
.66
.54
35.24
22.29
15.76
11.15
9.97
7.05
4.99
3.53
2.50
2.04
1.77
1.59
1.30
1.13
1.02
.73
.61
37.20
23.53
16.64
11.77
10.53
7.44
5.27
3.73
2.64
2.16
1.88
1.68
1.38
1.20
1.08
.78
.65
North Carolina,
Virginia
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
11.12
7.03
4.97
3.52
3.15
2.22
1.57
1.11
.79
.64
15.61
9.88
6.98
4.94
4.42
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
21.76
13.76
9.73
6.88
6.16
4.35
3.08
2.18
1.54
1.26
26.25
16.60
11.74
8.30
7.43
5.25
3.71
2.63
1.86
1.52
29.85
18.88
13.35
9.44
8.44
5.97
4.22
2.99
2.11
1.73
32.84
20.77
14.69
10.39
9.29
6.57
4.65
3.29
2.33
1.90
38.54
24.38
17.24
12.19
10.90
7.71
5.46
3.86
2.74
2.24
42.48
26.87
19.00
13.44
12.02
8.50
6.02
4.26
3.02
2.47
45.12
28.54
20.18
14.27
12.77
9.03
6.39
4.53
3.22
2.64
Estimated rate (percent)
123
Table B-6. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level o f estim ated unem ploym ent rates fo r total or w hite persons by
State — Continued
State and size of
civilian labor force
(In thousands)
1
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
25
Continued----- North Carolina,
Virginia
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ...............................................
2,000 ...............................................
2,500 ...............................................
5,000 ...............................................
0.56
.50
.41
.35
.31
.22
0.78
.70
.57
.49
.44
.31
1.09
.98
.80
.69
.62
.44
1.32
1.18
.96
.84
.75
.53
1.50
1.34
1.10
.95
.85
.61
1.65
1.48
1.21
1.05
.94
.68
1.94
1.74
1.43
1.24
1.12
.81
2.15
1.93
1.58
1.38
1.24
.91
2.29
2.06
1.70
1.48
1.34
.99
Utah, West Virginia
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ...................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ...................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 .................................................
800 ..................................................
5.45
3.45
2.44
1.72
1.54
1.09
.77
.55
.39
.32
.27
7.64
4.83
3.42
2.42
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.54
.44
.38
10.63
6.72
4.75
3.36
3.01
2.13
1.50
1.06
.75
.62
.54
12.78
8.08
5.72
4.04
3.62
2.56
1.81
1.28
.91
.74
.65
14.49
9.16
6.48
4.58
4.10
2.90
2.05
1.45
1.03
.85
.74
15.89
10.05
7.11
5.03
4.50
3.18
2.25
1.60
1.14
.93
.81
18.47
11.69
8.26
5.85
5.23
3.70
2.62
1.86
1.33
1.10
.96
20.13
12.74
9.01
6.37
5.70
4.04
2.87
2.04
1.46
1.21
1.06
21.08
13.34
9.44
6.68
5.98
4.24
3.01
2.15
1.55
1.29
1.13
Alaska, Wyoming
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
2.83
1.79
1.26
.89
.80
.57
.40
.28
.20
3.97
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.12
.79
.56
.40
.28
5.52
3.49
2.47
1.75
1.56
1.11
.78
.56
.40
6.64
4.20
2.97
2.10
1.88
1.33
.94
.67
.48
7.53
4.76
3.37
2.38
2.13
1.51
1.07
.77
.55
8.26
5.23
3.70
2.62
2.34
1.66
1.18
.84
.61
9.63
6.09
4.31
3.05
2.73
1.94
1.39
1.00
.73
10.52
6.66
4.71
3.34
2.99
2.13
1.53
1.11
.82
11.05
6.99
4.96
3.52
3.15
2.25
1.62
1.18
.89
Estimated rate (percent)
124
Table 6 -7 . Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level o f estim ated unem ploym ent rates fo r black and other persons by
State
State and size of
civilian labor force
(In thousands)
1
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
25
Alaska, Wyoming
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
2.68
1.70
1.20
.85
.76
.54
3.77
2.38
1.69
1.19
1.07
.75
5.25
3.32
2.35
1.66
1.49
1.05
6.33
4.00
2.83
2.00
1.79
1.27
7.19
4.55
3.22
2.28
2.04
1.44
7.90
5.00
3.54
2.50
2.24
1.59
9.25
5.86
4.14
2.94
2.63
1.87
10.17
6.44
4.56
3.23
2.89
2.06
10.77
6.82
4.83
3.43
3.07
2.19
Delaware, Nevada, District of
Columbia
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
3.57
2.26
1.60
1.13
1.01
.71
.50
.36
.25
5.00
3.16
2.24
1.58
1.41
1.00
.71
.50
.36
6.95
4.40
3.11
2.20
1.97
1.39
.99
.70
.50
8.36
5.29
3.74
2.65
2.37
1.68
1.19
.84
.60
9.48
5.99
4.24
3.00
2.68
1.90
1.35
.96
.69
10.39
6.57
4.65
3.29
2.94
2.09
1.48
1.06
.76
12.08
7.64
5.41
3.83
3.43
2.43
1.73
1.24
.90
13.16
8.33
5.90
4.18
3.74
2.66
1.90
1.37
1.00
13.78
8.72
6.18
4.38
3.92
2.79
2.00
1.45
1.08
Hawaii, Idaho, Rhode Island
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 .................................................... ^
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
4.22
2.67
1.89
1.33
1.19
.84
.60
.42
.30
5.92
3.74
2.65
1.87
1.67
1.18
.84
.59
. -42
8.22
5.20
3.68
2.60
2.33
1.65
1.17
.83
.59
9.89
6.26
4.42
3.13
2.80
1.98
1.40
1.00
.71
11.21
7.09
5.02
3.55
3.17
2.25
1.59
1.13
.81
12.29
7.78
5.50
3.89
3.48
2.47
1.75
1.24
.89
14.29
9.04
6.40
4.53
4.05
2.87
2.04
1.46
1.05
15.57
9.85
6.97
4.94
4.42
3.14
2.24
1.60
1.17
16.30
10.32
7.30
5.18
4.63
3.29
2.35
1.70
1.25
Arizona, Arkansas, Maryland,
Mississippi, Nebraska
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
6.53
4.13
2.92
2.06
1.85
1.31
.92
.65
.46
.38
9.15
5.79
4.09
2.69
2.59
1.83
1.29
.92
.65
.53
12.72
8.04
5.69
4.02
3.60
2.54
1.80
1.27
.90
.74
15.30
9.68
6.84
4.84
4.33
3.06
2.17
1.53
1.08
.89
17.34'
10.97
7.76
5.48
4.91
3.47
2.45
1.74
1.23
1.01
19.01
12.03
8.50
6.01
5.38
3.81
2.69
1.91
1.35
1.11
22.10
13.98
9.89
6.99
6.26
4.43
3.13
2.22
1.58
1.29
24.08
15.23
10.77
7.62
6.82
4.82
3.42
2.42
1.72
1.42
25.21
15.94
11.28
7.98
7.14
5.05
3.58
2.54
1.81
1.49
Montana, New Hampshire, North
Dakota, South Dakota
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
4.05
2.56
1.81
1.28
5.69
3.60
2.54
1.80
7.92
5.01
3.54
2.51
9.55
6.04
4.27
3.02
10.85
6.87
4.86
3.43
11.93
7.55
5.34
3.78
13.98
8.84
6.26
4.43
15.37
9.73
6.88
4.87
16.28
10.30
7.29
5.16
Maine, New Mexico
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ............................ .......................
50 ....................................................
4.65
2.94
2.08
1.47
1.32
.93
6.53
4.13
2.92
2.06
1.85
1.31
9.08
5.74
4.06
2.87
2.57
1.82
10.94
6.92
4.89
3.46
3.10
2.19
12.41
7.85
5.55
3.93
3.51
2.49
13.63
8.62
6.10
4.31
3.86
2.73
15.92
10.07
7.12
5.04
4.51
3.19
17.44
11.03
7.80
5.52
4.94
3.50
18.38
11.63
8.23
5.82
5.21
3.70
Alabama, California, Florida,
Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey,
New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ...............................................
8.83
5.58
3.95
2.79
2.50
1.77
1.25
.88
.62
.51
.44
.39
.32
12.39
7.84
5.54
3.92
3.50
2.48
1.75
1.24
.88
.72
.62
.55
.45
17.24
10.90
7.71
5.45
4.88
3.45
2.44
1.72
1.22
1.00
.86
.77
.63
20.77
13.14
9.29
6.57
5.87
4.15
2.94
2.08
1.47
1.20
1.04
.93
.76
23.57
14.91
10.54
7.46
6.67
4.72
3.33
2.36
1.67
1.36
1.18
1.06
.86
25.89
16.38
11.58
8.19
7.32
5.18
3.66
2.59
1.83
1.50
1.30
1.16
.95
30.24
19.13
13.53
9.56
8.55
6.05
4.28
3.03
2.14
1.75
1.52
1.36
1.11
33.14
20.96
14.82
10.48
9.37
6.63
4.69
3.32
2.35
1.92
1.66
1.49
1.22
34.94
22.10
15.63
11.05
9.88
6.99
4.95
3.50
2.48
2.03
1.76
1.58
1.29
Estimated rate (percent)
125
Table B-7. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estim ated unem ploym ent rates fo r black and other persons by
State —Continued
State and size of
civilian labor force
(In thousands)
1
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
25
Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma,
Oregon
2 .......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
7.31
4.62
3.27
2.31
2.07
1.46
1.03
.73
10.26
6.49
4.59
3.24
2.90
2.05
1.45
1.03
14.28
9.03
6.39
4.52
4.04
2.86
2.02
1.43
17.20
10.88
7.69
5.44
4.87
3.44
2.43
1.72
19.53
12.35
8.73
6.18
5.52
3.91
2.76
1.96
21.45
13.57
9.60
6.79
6.07
4.29
3.04
2.15
25.07
15.86
11.21
7.93
7.10
5.02
3.55
2.52
27.49
17.39
12.30
8.70
7.78
5.51
3.90
2.77
29.02
18.36
12.98
9.18
8.22
5.82
4.12
2.93
Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts,
Minnesota, Missouri, South
Carolina, Washington
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ...................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
8.02
5.07
3.59
2.54
2.27
1.60
1.13
.80
.57
11.25
7.12
5.03
3.56 .
3.18
2.25
1.59
1.13
.80
15.65
9.90
7.00
4.95
4.43
3.13
2.21
1.57
1.11
18.85
11.92
8.43
5.96
5.33
3.77
2.67
1.89
1.34
21.39
13.53
9.57
6.77
6.05
4.28
3.03
2.14
1.52
23.49
14.86
10.51
7.43
6.65
4.70
3.33
2.36
1.67
27.42
17.34
12.27
8.68
7.76
5.49
3.89
2.76
1.96
30.02
18.99
13.43
9.50
8.50
6.02
4.26
3.02
2.15
31.63
20.01
14.15
10.01
8.96
6.34
4.50
3.20
2.28
Georgia, Tennessee, Texas,
Wisconsin
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ..................................................
9.49
6.01
4.25
3.00
2.69
1.90
1.34
.95
.67
.55
.47
13.33
8.43
5.96
4.21
3.77
2.67
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.67
18.56
11.74
8.30
5.87
5.25
3.71
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.93
22.38
14.15
10.01
7.08
6.33
4.48
3.17
2.24
1.58
1.29
1.12
25.42
16.08
11.37
8.04
7.19
5.09
3.60
2.54
1.80
1.47
1.27
27.95
17.68
12.50
8.84
7.91
5.59
3.95
2.80
1.98
1.62
1.40
32.73
20.70
14.64
10.35
9.26
6.55
4.63
3.28
2.32
1.90
1.64
35.99
22.76
16.09
11.38
10.18
7.20
5.09
3.60
2.55
2.09
1.81
38.10
24.10
17.04
12.05
10.78
7.62
5.39
3.82
2.70
2.21
1.92
Vermont
2 ......................................................
3.05
4.28
5.95
7.15
8.11
8.89
10.33
11.26
11.79
North Carolina, Virginia
2 ....•............................... :..... ...........
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
11.24
7.11
5.03
3.55
3.18
2.25
1.59
1.12
.80
.65
15.79
9.99
7.06
4.99
4.47
3.16
2.23
1.58
1.12
.91
22.01
13.92
9.84
6.96
6.23
4.40
3.11
2.20
1.56
1.27
26.57
16.80
11.88
8.40
7.51
5.31
3.76
2.66
1.88
1.54
30.22
19.11
13.51
9.56
8.55
6.04
4.28
3.02
2.14
1.75
33.26
21.04
14.88
10.52
9.41
6.65
4.71
3.33
2.36
1.93
39.10
24.73
17.49
12.37
11.06
7.82
5.53
3.92
2.77
2.27
43.17
27.30
19.31
13.65
12.21
8.64
6.11
4.33
3.07
2.51
45.94
29.06
20.55
14.53
13.00
9.20
6.51
4.61
3.27
2.68
Utah, West Virginia
2 .......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
5.55
3.51
2.48
1.75
7.78
4.92
3.48
2.46
10.82
6.85
4.84
3.42
13.03
8.24
5.83
4.12
14.78
9.35
6.61
4.68
16.23
10.26
7.26
5.13
18.92
11.97
8.46
5.99
20.69
13.09
9.26
6.55
21.76
13.76
9.74
6.89
Estimated rate (percent)
126
Table B-8. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of civilian labor force participation rates for total or w hite persons
by State
State and size of
population
(In thousands)
2 or 98
5 or 95
20 or 80
30 qr 70
40 or 60
50
Delaware, Vermont
2 .............. ...............................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
6.06
3.83
2.71
1.92
1.71
1.21
.86
.61
.43
.35
9.43
5.97
4.22
2.98
2.67
1.89
1.33
.94
.67
.54
17.32
10.95
7.74
5.48
4.90
3.46
2.45
1.73
1.22
1.00
19.84
12.55
8.87
6.27
5.61
3.97
2.81
1.98
1.40
1.15
21.21
13.41
9.48
6.71
6.00
4.24
3.00
2.12
1.50
1.22
21.64
13.69
9.68
6.84
6.12
4.33
3.06
2.16
1.53
1.25
Hawaii, Idaho, New Hampshire, Rhode Island
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
1 0 ............................................................... :............................
20 .............................................................................. ..............
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
7.69
4.86
3.44
2.43
2.18
1.54
1.09
.77
.54
.44
.38
11.97
7.57
5.35
3.79
3.39
2.39
1.69
1.20
.85
.69
.60
21.97
13.90
9.83
6.95
6.21
4.39
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.27
1.10
25.17
15.92
11.26
7.96
7.12
5.03
3.56
2.52
1.78
1.45
1.26
26.91
17.02
12.03
8.51
7.61
5.38
3.81
2.69
1.90
1.55
1.35
27.46
17.37
12.28
8.68
7.77
5.49
3.88
2.75
1.94
1.59
1.37
Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Maryland, Mississippi,
Oregon
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
2,000 .......................................................................................
2,500 .......................................................................................
5,000 .......................................................................................
11.90
7.52
5.32
3.76
3.36
2.38
1.68 .
1.19
.84
.69
.59
.53
.43
.38
.34
.24
18.52
11.71
8.28
5.86
5.24
3.70
2.62
1.85
1.31
1.07
.93
.83
.68
.59
.52
.37
33.99
21.50
15.20
10.75
9.61
6.80
4.81
3.40
2.40
1.96
1.70
1.52
1.24
1.07
.96
.68
38.94
24.63
17.41
12.31
11.01
7.79
5.51
3.89
2.75
2.25
1.95
1.74
1.42
1.23
1.10
.78
41.63
26.33
18.62
13.16
11.77
8.33
5.89
4.16
2.94
2.40
2.08
1.86
1.52
1.32
1.18
.83
42.49
26.87
19.00
13.44
12.02
8.50
6.01
4.25
3.00
2.45
2.12
1.90
1.55
1.34
1.20
.85
Iowa, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma,
Washington
2 .......................................... ...................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
1 0 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 .......................... :................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
2,000 .......................................................................................
2,500 .......................................................................................
5,000 .......................................................................................
14.01
8.86
6.26
4.43
3.96
2.80
1.98
1.40
.99
.81
.70
.63
.51
.44
.40
.28
21.81
13.79
9.75
6.90
6.17
4.36
3.08
2.18
1.54
1.26
1.09
.98
.80
.69
.62
.44
40.03
25.31
17.90
12.66
11.32
8.01
5.66
4.00
2.83
2.31
2.00
1.79
1.46
1.27
1.13
.80
45.85
29.00
20.51
14.50
12.97
9.17
6.48
4.59
3.24
2.65
2.29
2.05
1.67
1.45
1.30
.92
49.02
31.00
21.92
15.50
13.87
9.80
6.93
4.90
3.47
2.83
2.45
2.19
1.79
1.55
1.39
.98
50.03
31.64
22.37
15.82
14.15
10.01
7.08
5.00
3.54
2.89
2.50
2.24
1.83
1.58
1.42
1.00
Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, South Dakota, District of
Columbia
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
6.92
4.38
3.09
2.19
1.96
1.38
.98
.69
.49
.40
10.77
6.81
4.82
3.41
3.05
2.15
1.52
1.08
.76
.62
19.76
12.50
8.84
6.25
5.59
3.95
2.80
1.98
1.40
1.14
22.64
14.32
10.13
7.16
6.40
4.53
3.20
2.26
1.60
1.31
24.21
15.31
10.83
7.65
6.85
4.84
3.42
2.42
1.71
1.40
24.71
15.63
11.05
7.81
6.99
4.94
3.49
2.47
1.75
1.43
Estimated rate (percent)
•
127
Table B-8. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level o f civilian labor force participation rates fo r total or w hite persons
by State — Continued
State and size of
population
(In thousands)
2 or 98
5 or 95
20 or 80
30 or 70
40 or 60
50
Nebraska, West Virginia
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................. !.............................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
10.14
6.41
4.53
3.21
2.87
2.03
1.43
1.01
.72
.59
.51
.45
.37
15.78
9.98
7.06
4.99
4.46
3.16
2.23
1.58
1.12
.91
.79
.71
.58
28.96
18.31
12.95
9.16
8.19
5.79
4.10
2.90
2.05
1.67
1.45
1.30
1.06
33.18
20.98
14.84
10.49
9.38
6.64
4.69
3.32
2.35
1.92
1.66
1.48
1.21
35.47
22.43
15.86
11.22
10.03
7.09
5.02
3.55
2.51
2.05
1.77
1.59
1.30
36.20
22.89
16.19
11.45
10.24
7.24
5.12
3.62
2.56
2.09
1.81
1.62
1.32
Alabama, California, Connecticut, Indiana, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, South
Carolina
2 ................................................................................... ...........
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
2 0 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
5 0 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
2,000 .......................................................................................
2,500 ........:..............................................................................
5,000 .......................................................................................
7,500 .......................................................................................
10,000 .....................................................................................
12,500 .....................................................................................
15,000 ......................................................................................
15.48
9.79
6.92
4.89
4.38
3.10
2.19
1.55
1.09
.89
.77
.69
.57
.49
.44
.31
.25
.22
.20
.18
24.10
15.24
10.78
7.62
6.82
4.82
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.39
1.20
1.08
.88
.76
.68
.48
.39
.34
.30
.28
44.22
27.97
19.78
13.98
12.51
8.84
6.25
4.42
3.13
2.55
2.21
1.98
1.61
1.40
1.25
.88
.72
.63
.56
.51
50.66
32.04
22.66
16.02
14.33
10.13
7.16
5.07
3.58
2.93
2.53
2.27
1.85
1.60
1.43
1.01
.83
.72
.64
.59
54.16
34.26
24.22
17.13
15.32
10.83
7.66
5.42
3.83
3.13
2.71
2.42
1.98
1.71
1.53
1.08
.88
.77
.69
.63
55.28
34.96
24.72
17.48
15.64
11.06
7.82
5.53
3.91
3.19
2.76
2.47
2.02
1.75
1.56
1.11
.90
.78
.70
.64
Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
Wisconsin
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
1 0 ............................................................................... ............
2 0 ............................................................................................
2 5 ............................................................................................
5 0 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
2,000 .......................................................................................
2,500 .......................................................................................
5,000 .......................................................................................
7,500 .......................................................................................
10,000 .....................................................................................
16.24
10.27
7.26
5.14
4.59
3.25
2.30
1.62
1.15
.94
.81
.73
.59
.51
.46
.32
.27
.23
25.28
15.99
11.31
7.99
7.15
5.06
3.58
2.53
1.79
1.46
1.26
1.13
.92
.80
.72
.51
.41
.36
46.40
29.35
20.75
14.67
13.12
9.28
6.56
4.64
3.28
2.68
2.32
2.08
1.69
1.47
1.31
.93
.76
.66
53.16
33.62
23.77
16.81
15.04
10.63
7.52
5.32
3.76
3.07
2.66
2.38
1.94
1.68
1.50
1.06
.87
.75
56.83
35.94
25.41
17.97
16.07
11.37
8.04
5.68
4.02
3.28
2.84
2.54
2.08
1.80
1.61
1.14
.93
.80
58.00
36.68
25.94
18.34
16.40
11.60
8.20
5.80
4.10
3.35
2.90
2.59
2.12
1.83
1.64
1.16
.95
.82
Maine, New Mexico, Utah
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
1 0 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
5 0 .......................................... .................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
8.55
5.41
3.82
2.70
2.42
1.71
1.21
.85
.60
.49
.43
.38
13.31
8.42
5.95
4.21
3.76
2.66
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.67
.60
24.43
15.45
10.92
7.72
6.91
4.89
3.45
2.44
1.73
1.41
1.22
1.09
27.98
17.70
12.51
8.85
7.91
5.60
3.96
2.80
1.98
1.62
1.40
1.25
29.91
18.92
13.38
9.46
8.46
5.98
4.23
2.99
2.12
1.73
1.50
1.34
30.53
19.31
13.65
9.65
8.64
6.11
4.32
3.05
2.16
1.76
1.53
1.37
North Carolina, Virginia
2 .................. ............................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
1 0 ............................................................................................
2 0 ............................................................................................
2 5 ............................................................................................
5 0 ............................................................................................
18.56
11.74
8.30
5.87
5.25
3.71
28.89
18.27
12.92
9.14
8.17
5.78
53.02
33.53
23.71
16.77
15.00
10.60
60.74
38.42
27.16
19.21
17.18
12.15
64.94
41.07
29.04
20.53
18.37
12.99
66.27
41.92
29.64
20.96
18.75
13.25
Estimated rate (percent)
128
Table B-8. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of civilian labor force participation rates fo r total or white persons
by State — Continued
State and size of
population
(In thousands)
2 or 98
5 or 95
20 or 80
30 or 70
40 or 60
50
Continued------North Carolina, Virginia
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
2,000 .......................................................................................
2,500 .......................................................................................
5,000 .......................................................................................
2.62
1.86
1.31
1.07
.93
.83
.68
.59
.52
.37
4.09
2.89
2.04
1.67
1.44
1.29
1.05
.91
.82
.58
7.50
5.30
3.75
3.06
2.65
2.37
1.94
1.68
1.50
1.06
8.59
6.07
4.30
3.51
3.04
2.72
2.22
1.92
1.72
1.21
9.18
6.49
4.59
3.75
3.25
2.90
2.37
2.05
1.84
1.30
9.37
6.63
4.69
3.83
3.31
2.96
2.42
2.10
1.87
1.33
Alaska, Wyoming
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
5.05
3.19
2.26
1.60
1.43
1.01
.71
.50
.36
7.85
4.97
3.51
2.48
2.22
1.57
1.11
.79
.56
14.42
9.12
6.45
4.56
4.08
2.88
2.04
1.44
1.02
16.51
10.44
7.39
5.22
4.67
3.30
2.34
1.65
1.17
17.65
11.17
7.90
5.58
4.99
3.53
2.50
1.77
1.25
18.02
11.40
8.06
5.70
5.10
3.60
2.55
1.80
1.27
Estimated rate (percent)
129
Table B-9. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level o f civilian labor force participation rates fo r black and other
persons by State
State and size of
population
(In thousands)
2 or 98
5 or 95
20 or 80
30 or 70
40 or 60
50
‘ Alaska, Wyoming
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
4.59
2.90
2.05
1.45
1.30
.92
7.14
4.52
3.19
2.26
2.02
1.43
13.10
8.29
5.86
4.14
3.71
2.62
15.01
9.49
6.71
4.75
4.25
3.00
16.05
10.15
7.18
5.07
4.54
3.21
16.38
10.36
7.32
5.18
4.63
3.28
California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana,
Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania,
Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
2,000 .......................................................................................
2,500 .......................................................................................
15.21
9.62
6.80
4.81
4.30
3.04
2.15
1.52
1.08
.88
.76
.68
.56
.48
.43
23.67
14.97
10.59
7.49
6.70
4.73
3.35
2.37
1.67
1.37
1.18
1.06
.86
.75
.67
43.45
27.48
19.43
13.74
12.29
8.69
6.14
4.34
3.07
2.51
2.17
1.94
1.59
1.37
1.23
49.77
31.48
22.26
15.74
14.08
9.95
7.04
4.98
3.52
2.87
2.49
2.23
1.82
1.57
1.41
53.21
33.65
23.80
16.83
15.05
10.64
7.53
5.32
3.76
3.07
2.66
2.38
1.94
1.68
1.51
54.31
34.35
24.29
17.17
15.36
10.86
7.68
5.43
3.84
3.14
2.72
2.43
1.98
1.72
1.54
Delaware, Nevada, North Dakota, South Dakota, District of
Columbia
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
6.47
4.09
2.89
2.05
1.83
1.29
.91
.65
.46
10.07
6.37
4.50
3.18
2.85
2.01.
1.42
1.01
.71
18.48
11.69
8.27
5.84
5.23
3.70
2.61
1.85
1.31
21.17
13.39
9.47
6.70
5.99
4.23
2.99
2.12
1.50
22.64
14.32
10.12
7.16
6.40
4.53
3.20
2.26
1.60
23.10
14.61
10.33
7.31
6.53
4.62
3.27
2.31
1.63
Hawaii, Maine, New Mexico, Flhode Island
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
7.65
4.84
3.42
2.42
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.54
.44
11.91
7.53
5.33
3.77
3.37
2.38
1.68
1.19
.84
.69
21.86
13.83
9.78
6.91
6.18
4.37
3.09
2.19
1.55
1.26
25.05
15.84
11.20
7.92
7.08
5.01
3.54
2.50
1.77
1.45
26.78
16.94
11.98
8.47
7.57
5.36
3.79
2.68
1.89
1.55
27.33
17.29
12.22
8.64
7.73
5.47
3.87
2.73
1.93
1.58
Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Maryland, Mississippi,
Oregon
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
11.84
7.49
5.29
3.74
3.35
2.37
1.67
1.18
.84
.68
.59
18.43
11.66
8.24
5.83
5.21
3.69
2.61
1.84
1.30
1.06
.92
33.82
21.39
15.13
10.70
9.57
6.76
4.78
3.38
2.39
1.95
1.69
38.75
24.51
17.33
12.25
10.96
7.75
5.48
3.87
2.74
2.24
1.94
41.42
26.20
18.53
13.10
11.72
8.28
5.86
4.14
2.93
2.39
2.07
42.28
26.74
18.91
13.37
11.96
8.46
5.98
4.23
2.99
2.44
2.11
Iowa, Oklahoma, Missouri
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
12.92
8.17
5.78
4.09
3.66
2.58
1.83
1.29
.91
20.12
12.73
9.00
6.36
5.69
4.02
2.85
2.01
1.42
36.93
23.36
16.51
11.68
10.44
7.39
5.22
3.69
2.61
42.31
26.76
18.92
13.38
11.97
8.46
5.98
4.23
2.99
45.23
28.60
20.23
14.30
12.79
9.05
6.40
4.52
3.20
46.16
29.19
20.64
14.60
13.06
9.23
6.53
4.62
3.26
Estimated rate (percent)
130
Tabs© B-9. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of civiiian labor force participation rates fo r black and other
persons by State — Continued
State and size of
population
(In thousands)
2 or 98
5 or 95
20 or 80
30 or 70
Idaho, Montana, New Hampshire
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
6.89
4.36
3.08
2.18
1.95
1.38
10.73
6.78
4.80
3.39
3.03
2.15
19.69
12.45
8.80
6.23
5.57
3.94
22.56
14.27
10.09
7.13
6.38
4.51
24.11
15.25
10.78
' 7.63
6.82
4.82
24.61
15.57
11.01
7.78
6.96
4.92
Nebraska, West Virginia
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................... .............................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
10.10
6.39
4.52
3.19
2.86
2.02
15.72
9.94
7.03
4.97
4.45
3.14
28.85
18.24
12.90
9.12
8.16
5.77
33.05
20.90
14.78
10.45
9.35
6.61
35.33
22.34
15.80
11.17
9.99
7.07
36.06
22.81
16.13
11.40
10.20
7.21
North Carolina, Virginia
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ................................. .........................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
17.72
11.21
7.92
5.60
5.01
3.54
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.89
.79
27.58
17.45
12.34
8.72
7.80
5.52
3.90
2.76
1.95
1.59
1.38
1.23
50.62
32.02
22.64
16.01
14.32
10.12
7.16
5.06
3.58
2.92
2.53
2.26
58.00
36.68
25.94
18.34
16.40
11.60
8.20
5.80
4.10
3.35
2.90
2.59
62.00
39.21
27.73
19.61
17.54
12.40
8.77
6.20
4.38
3.58
3.10
2.77
63.28
40.02
28.30
20.01
17.90
12.66
8.95
6.33
4.47
3.65
3.16
2.83
Alabama, Connecticut, Kentucky, Massachusetts,
Minnesota, Ohio, South Carolina, Washington
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
2 0 ............................................................................................
2 5 ............................................................................................
5 0 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
14.79
9.35
6.61
4.68
4.18
2.96
2.09
1.48
1.05
.85
.74
23.02
14.56
10.30
7.28
6.51
4.60
3.26
2.30
1.63
1.33
1.15
42.26
26.72
18.90
13.36
11.95
8.45
5.98
4.23
2.99
2.44
2.11
48.41
30.62
21.65
15.31
13.69
9.68
6.85
4.84
3.42
2.79
2.42
51.75
32.73
23.14
16.37
14.64
10.35
7.32
5.18
3.66
2.99
2.59
52.82
33.41
23.62
16.70
14.94
10.56
7.47
5.28
3.73
3.05
2.64
Utah
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
8.52
5.39
3.81
2.69
2.41
13.26
8.39
5.93
4.19
3.75
24.34
15.39
10.89
7.70
6.88
27.88
17.64
12.47
8.82
7.89
29.81
18.85
13.33
9.43
8.43
30.42
19.24
13.61
9.62
8.61
Vermont
2 ..............................................................................................
5.53
8.61
15.81
18.11
19.36
19.76
Estimated rate (percent)
131
40 or 60
50
Table B-10. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estim ated num bers of unem ployed fo r total or white persons
fo r m etropolitan areas1 and central cities
(In thousands)
Estimated number
2
5
10
20
25
50
100
200
400
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove
SMSA ..........................................
Atlanta SMSA .................................
Baltimore SMSA .............................
Baltimore central city...................
Boston SMSA .................................
Buffalo SMSA .................................
Chicago SMSA................................
Chicago central c ity .....................
Cincinnati SMSA.............................
Cleveland SMSA ............................
Cleveland central c ity ..................
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
4
4
3
2
3
3
4
4
2
3
2
5
5
4
3
5
4
5
5
4
4
3
6
6
4
4
5
5
6
6
4
4
3
8
8
6
5
7
7
8
8
5
6
4
11
9
—
10
9
11
11
8
9
—
—
—
—
—
—
16
15
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
22
—
—
—
--
—
Dallas-Fort Worth SMSA................
Dallas central city .......................
Denver-Boulder SMSA....................
Detroit SM SA..................................
Detroit central city .......................
District of Columbia........................
Houston SM SA...............................
Houston central city ....................
Indianapolis SM SA.........................
Kansas City SMSA.........................
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
5
4
4
5
4
2
4
5
4
3
5
4
5
5
4
2
5
5
5
4
7
• -7
7
6
—
7
7
6
5
10
—
—
10
8
—
10
—
—
—
_
—
—
14
11
—
—
—
—
_
—
20
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles-Long Beach SMSA....
Miami SMSA ...................................
Milwaukee SMSA ...........................
Milwaukee central c ity .................
Minneapolis-St. Paul L M A ..............
Nassau-Suffolk SMSA ....................
New York LMA ...............................
New York central c ity ..................
Newark SMSA ................................
Philadelphia SMSA.........................
Philadelphia central c ity ..............
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
3
5
5
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
4
3
6
6
5
6
6
2
2
4
3
2
2
4
4
3
3
4
3
3
5
5
5
11
—
—
-11
11
11
11
11
10
10
16
—
—
—
—
—
15
15
—
14
—
22
—
—
—
—
-- 21
21
—
—
5
8
7
5
5
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
Pittsburgh SMSA ............................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario
SMSA ..........................................
St. Louis SMSA ..............................
St. Louis central c ity ....................
San Diego SMSA ...........................
San Francisco-Oakland SM SA.....
San Jose SM SA .............................
Seattle-Everett SMSA.....................
Washington D.C. SMSA .................
2
3
4
5
6
8
11
_
_
1
2
2
3
3
1
2
2
3
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
5
5
4
5
4
3
5
6
8
—
10
11
—
—
—
—
15
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
5
4
6
6
—
7
8
7
7
6
—
—
—
—
—
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
4
1 See Appendix C for complete titles and area definitions of the SMSA’s and LMA’s in these tables.
132
5
9
—
Table B-11. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estim ated num bers of unem ployed fo r black and other persons
fo r m etropolitan areas1 and central cities
(In thousands)
Estimated number
2
5
10
20
25
50
100
200
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove
SMSA ..........................................
Atlanta SMSA .................................
Baltimore SMSA .............................
Baltimore central city ...................
Boston SMSA .................................
Buffalo SMSA .................................
Chicago SMSA.......................'.........
Chicago central c ity .....................
Cincinnati SMSA.............................
Cleveland SMSA ............................
Cleveland central c ity ..................
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
4
3
2
—
3
4
4
3
3
2
5
4
3
—
4
5
5
4
4
3
—
5
4
—
—
6
6
—
5
—
—
6
5
—
—
8
8
—
6
—
—
—
—
__
—
12
11
—
—
--
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
__
Dallas-Fort Worth SM SA................
Dallas central c ity ........................
Denver-Boulder SMSA....................
Detroit SMSA ..................................
Detroit central city .......................
District of Columbia........................
Houston SMSA ...............................
Houston central city ....................
Indianapolis SM SA.........................
Kansas City SMSA.........................
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
5
4
—
5
4
2
5
5
4
3
5
—
—
5
4
_
—
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
5
5
—
—
7
—
—
—
11
8
—
—
—
—
--
—
-—
—
—
—
Los Angeles-Long Beach SMSA....
Miami SMSA ...................................
Milwaukee SMSA ...........................
Milwaukee central c ity .................
Minneapolis-St. Paul L M A ............
Nassau-Suffolk SMSA ....................
New York LMA ...............................
New York central c ity ..................
Newark SMSA ................................
Philadelphia SMSA.........................
Philadelphia central c ity ..............
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
4
3
2
2
—
4
4
4
4
3
3
5
5
3
3
—
—
5
5
5
5
5
6
—
—
-—
—
6
6
6
5
5
8
—
—
—
—
—
8
8
—
8
7
' 12
—
—
—
—
—
11
11
—
11
10
—
—
—
—
—
—
16
—
—
—
—
Pittsburgh SMSA ............................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario
SMSA ..........................................
St. Louis SMSA ..............................
St. Louis central c ity ....................
San Diego SMSA ...........................
San Francisco-Oakland SMSA.......
San Jose SM SA.............................
Seattle-Everett SM SA.....................
Washington D.C. SMSA .................
2
3
4
—
—
—
—
—
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
4
3
3
3
_
_
_
_
_
4
3
5
5
4
—
—
6
—
—
4
—
—
—
8
—
—
6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4
1 See Appendix C for complete titles and area definitions of the SMSA’s and LMA’s in these tables.
8
6
—
133
Table B-12. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estim ated num bers of civilian labor force and em ployed fo r
total o r w hite persons fo r m etropolitan areas1 and central cities
(In thousands)
Estimated number
5,000
5
10
20
25
50
100
200
400
600
800
1,000
2,500
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove
SMSA ............................................
Atlanta SMSA ...................................
Baltimore SMSA...............................
Baltimore central c ity ....................
Boston SM SA...................................
Buffalo SMSA ...................................
Chicago SMSA .................................
Chicago central c ity .......................
Cincinnati SMSA...............................
Cleveland S M SA..............................
Cleveland central city ....................
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
5
5
4
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
3
7
7
5
4
6
6
7
7
5
5
4
7
7
6
5
7
6
7
7
5
6
4
10
10
8
6
10
9
11
11
7
8
6
14
14
11
9
13
12
15
15
10
11
7
20
20
16
11
19
16
21
20
13
16
9
25
25
21
11
25
19
29
27
16
20
7
28
27
23
—
29
19
35
31
16
22
—
28
27
24
—
31
15
39
33
14
23
—
25
24
23
—
32
—
43
34
—
21
—
—
—
—
—
—
54
—
—
—
—
Dallas-Fort Worth SMSA ..!...............
Dallas central c ity .........................
Denver-Boulder SMSA .....................
Detroit SMSA....................................
Detroit central c ity ........................
District of Columbia..........................
Houston SMSA.................................
Houston central c ity ......................
Indianapolis SMSA...........................
Kansas City SMSA...........................
3
2
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
2
4
3
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
3
6
5
6
6
5
3
6
6
5
4
7
5
6
7
6
3
7
7
6
5
10
7
9
10
8
4
9
10
8
7
13
10
12
14
11
6
13
14
12
9
18
13
17
19
14
7
18
18
15
13
24
14
21
26
17
5
24
23
18
15
28
11
22
31
15
—
27
23
16
15
30
—
20
34
—
—
29
21
—
12
31
—
15
36
—
—
29
13
—
—
_
—
—
33
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles-Long Beach SMSA......
Miami SMSA .....................................
Milwaukee SMSA .............................
Milwaukee central city...................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A................
Nassau-Suffolk SMSA .....................
New York L M A .................................
New York central city....................
Newark SM SA ..................................
Philadelphia SMSA...........................
Philadelphia central c ity ................
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
4
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
7
6
4
4
7
7
6
6
7
6
6
7
7
5 •
4
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
11
9
7
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
15
13
9
8
14
15
14
14
15
14
13
21
17
12
10
20
20
20
20
20
19
18
29
22
15
6
26
27
28
28
26
26
23
35
23
16
—
29
31
34
34
28
31
25
39
21
14
—
29
33
38
38
29
34
24
43
—
-—
28
34
42
42
27
37
—
55
—
—
—
—
—
58
53
—
38
--
26
—
—
—
—
—
55
29
—
—
—
Pittsburgh SM SA..............................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario
S M S A............................................
St. Louis SMSA ................................
St. Louis central city .....................
San Diego SM SA.............................
San Francisco-Oakland SMSA........
San Jose SMSA...............................
Seattle-Everett SMSA......................
Washington D.C. S M SA ...................
3
5
7
7
10
15
20
26
30
31
31
_
_
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
2
4
5
4
4
4
5
5
3
6
7
6
6
5
6
5
4
7
7
6
7
6
8
8
5
10
11
9
9
8
12
11
7
14
15
12
13
11
15
15
7
18
20
16
17
16
19
19
—
23
28
20
22
21
19
22
—
25
32
19
23
24
16
23
23
—
20
37
—
16
27
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
__
—
—
1 See Appendix C for complete titles and area definitions of the SMSA’s and LMA’s in these tables.
134
—
24
35
14
21
26
—
—
—
—
—
—
18
—
•--- ■
—
—
Table B-13. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level o f estim ated num bers o f civilian labor force and em ployed
forblack and other persons fo r m etropolitan areas1 and central cities
(In thousands)
Estimated number
5
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove
SMSA ............................................
Atlanta SMSA ...................................
Baltimore SM SA...............................
Baltimore central city ....................
Boston SMSA ...................................
Buffalo SMSA ...................................
Chicago SMSA .................................
Chicago central city.......................
Cincinnati SMSA...............................
Cleveland SMSA ..............................
Cleveland central city....................
10
20
25
50
100
200
400
600
800
1,000
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
5
5
4
3
4
4
5
5
3
4
3
7
7
5
4
6
6
7
7
5
5
4
7
7
6
5
7
6
7
7
5
6
4
10
10
8
6
10
9
11
10
7
8
6
14
11
9
13
12
15
15
10
11
7
19
16
11
—
—
21
20
—
16
—
—
20
—
—
—
29
27
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
34
31
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
39
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
--
_
—
—
—
—
—
• —
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
--
35
—
—
—
—
—
34
33
—
—
—
39
—
—
—
—
—
38
38
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
42
41
—
—
--
_
Dallas-Fort Worth SMSA..................
Dallas central c ity .........................
Denver-Boulder SMSA .....................
Detroit SM SA....................................
Detroit central c ity ........................
District of Columbia..........................
Houston SM SA.................................
Houston central city ......................
Indianapolis SMSA...........................
Kansas City SMSA...........................
3
2
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
2
4
3
4
4
4
2
4
4
4
3
6
5
6
6
5
3
6
6
5
4
7
5
6
7
6
3
7
7
6
5
9
7
9
10
8
4.
9
10
8
7
13
10
12
14
11
6
13
14
12
9
18
13
—
19
14
7
18
18
—
~
24
—
—
26
17
5
24
23
—
—
Los Angeles-Long Beach SMSA......
Miami SMSA .....................................
Milwaukee SMSA .............................
Milwaukee central city ...................
Minneapolis-St. Paul LM A ................
Nassau-Suffolk SMSA ......................
New York LMA .................................
New York central city ....................
Newark SMSA ..................................
Philadelphia SMSA...........................
Philadelphia central c ity ................
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
4
3
3
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
7
6
4
4
7
7
6
6
7
6
6
7
7
5
4
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
11
9
7
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
15
13
9
8
—
15
14
14
14
14
13
21
17
—
—
—
—
20
20
20
19
18
29
--—
—
—
—
28
28
—
26
23
Pittsburgh SMSA ..............................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario
SMSA ............................................
St. Louis SMSA ................................
St. Louis central city .....................
San Diego SMSA .............................
San Francisco-Oakland SMSA........
San Jose SMSA...............................
Seattle-Everett SMSA.......................
Washington D.C. SMSA ...................
3
5
7
7
10
15
—
—
—
__
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
2
4
5
4
4
4
5
5
3
6
7
6
6
6
5
4
7
7
6
7
6
8
8
5
10
10
9
9
11
11
6
14
15
12
13
11
..
_
_
—
—
—
27
—
—
21
—
—
—
—
—
—
24
--
...
14
-18
20
—
—
15
'
5
8
1 See Appendix C for complete titles and area definitions of the SMSA’s and LMA’s in these tables.
135
*
—
—
—
-- '
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table B-14. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estim ated unem ploym ent rates fo r total or w hite persons fo r
metropolitan areas1 and central cities
Area and size of
civilian labor force
(In thousands)
1
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
25
Baltimore, Buffalo, Cleveland,
Indianapolis, and Riverside SMSA’s
2 ......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ....:............................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ...............................................
6.31
3.99
2.82
2.00
1.78
1.26
.89
.63
.45
.36
.32
.28
.23
8.84
5.59
3.95
2.80
2.50
1.77
1.25
.89
.63
.51
.44
.40
.33
12.28
7.77
5.49
3.88
3.47
2.46
1.74
1.23
.87
.71
.62
.55
.45
14.76
9.33
6.60
4.67
4.17
2.95
2.09
1.48
1.05
.86
.75
.67
.55
16.70
10.57
7.47
5.28
4.73
3.34
2.37
1.68
1.19
.98
.85
.76
.63
18.30
11.57
8.18
5.79
5.18
3.66
2.59
1.84
1.31
1.07
.93
.84
.70
21.20
13.41
9.48
6.71
6.00
4.25
3.01
2.14
1.53
1.26
1.10
.99
.83
23.00
14.55
10.29
7.28
6.52
4.62
3.28
2.33
1.67
1.38
1.21
1.10
.92
23.95
15.15
10.72
7.59
6.79
4.81
3.42
2.44
1.76
1.46
1.29
1.17
1.00
8.00
5.06
3.58
2.53
2.26
1.60
1.13
.80
.57
.46
.40
.36
.29
.25
.23
.16
11.21
7.09
5.02
3.55
3.17
2.24
1.59
1.12
.79
.65
.56
.50
.41
.36
.32
.23
15.57
9.85
6.96
4.92
4.40
3.11
2.20
1.56
1.10
.90
.78
.70
.57
.50
.44
.32
18.71
11.83
8.37
5.92
5.29
3.74
2.65
1.87
1.33
1.08
.94
.84
.69
.60
.54
.38
21.18
13.40
9.47
6.70
5.99
4.24
3.00
2.12
1.50
1.23
1.06
.95
.78
.68
.61
.44
23.20
14.67
10.38
7.34
6.56
4.64
3.28
2.32
1.65
1.35
1.17
1.05
.86
.75
.67
.48
26.88
17.00
12.02
8.50
7.61
5.38
3.81
2.70
1.91
1.57
1.36
1.22
1.00
.87
.79
.58
29.17
18.45
13.05
9.23
8.25
5.84
4.13
2.93
2.08
1.71
1.48
1.33
1.10
.96
.87
.64
30.37
19.21
13.58
9.61
8.60
6.08
4.31
3.06
2.17
1.79
1.56
1.40
1.16
1.02
.92
.70
Cleveland and St. Louis central
cities
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
4.48
2.84
2.01
1.42
1.27
.90
.63
.45
.32
6.28
3.98
2.81
1.99
1.78
1.26
.89
.63
.45
8.73
5.52
3.90
2.76
2.47
1.75
1.24
.88
.63
10.49
6.63
4.69
3.32
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.06
.76
11.87
7.51
5.31
3.76
3.36
2.38
1.69
1.20
.86
13.01
8.23
5.82
4.12
3.69
2.61
1.86
1.32
.95
15.07
9.54
6.75
4.78
4.28
3.04
2.16
1.55
1.13
16.35
10.35
7.33
5.19
4.65
3.31
2.37
1.71
1.26
17.03
10.78
7.64
5.42
4.85
3.46
2.49
1.82
1.36
Boston, Dallas, Denver, Detroit,
Houston, Miami, Philadelphia, San
Jose, and Seattle SMSA’s;
Philadelphia central city
2 ......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ................................................
2,000 ...............................................
2,500 ...............................................
7.39
4.67
3.30
2.34
2.09
1.48
1.04
.74
.52
.43
.37
.33
.27
.23
.21
10.35
6.55
4.63
3 27
2.93
2.07
1.46
1.04
.73
.60
.52
.46
.38
.33
.29
14.38
9.09
6.43
4.55
4.07
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.72
.65
.53
.46
.41
17.28
10.93
7.73
5.46
4.89
3.46
2.45
1.73
1.23
1.00
.87
.78
.64
.55
.50
19.56
12.37
8.75
6.19
5.53
3.91
2.77
1.96
1.39
1.14
.99
.88
.73
.63
.57
21.42
13.55
9.58
6.78
6.06
4.29
3.03
2.15
1.52
1.25
1.08
.97
.80
.70
.63
24.82
15.70
11.10
7.85
7.03
4.97
3.52
2.49
1.77
1.45
1.26
1.14
.94
.82
.74
26.93
17.03
12.05
8.52
7.62
5.40
3.82
2.71
1.93
1.59
1.38
1.25
1.03
.91
.83
28.04
17.74
12.54
8.87
7.94
5.62
3.98
2.83
2.02
1.67
1.46
1.32
1.10
.97
.89
District of Columbia
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 .......... ,........................................
25 ....................................................
3.50
2.21
1.56
1.11
.99
4.90
3.10
2.19
1.55
1.39
6.81
4.31
3.04
2.15
1.93
8.18
5.17
3.66
2.59
2.32
9.26
5.86
4.14
2.93
2.62
10.14
6.42
4.54
3.21
2.87
11.75
7.44
5.26
3.73
3.34
12.75
8.07
5.71
4.05
3.63
13.28
8.41
5.96
4.23
3.79
Anaheim, Atlanta, Chicago, Los
Angeles, Nassau, Newark,
Pittsburgh, San Diego, and San
Francisco SMSA’s; Minneapolis
and New York LMA’s; Chicago,
Houston, and New York central
cities
2 ......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ...............................................
2,000 ...............................................
2,500 ...............................................
5,000 ...............................................
Estimated rate (percent)
•
See footnotes at end of table.
136
Table B-14. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estimated unemployment rates for total or white persons for
metropolitan areas1 and central cities —Continued
Area and size of
civilian labor force
(In thousands)
1
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
25
Continued-----District of Columbia
50 ....................................................
100 .................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
0.70
.49
.35
■25
0.98
.69
.49
.35
1.36
.97
.69
.49
1.64
1.16
.83
.59
1.86
1.32
.94
.67
2.04
1.45
1.03
.74
2.37
1.69
1.21
.88
2.58
1.84
1.33
.98
2.70
1.94
1.41
1.06
Kansas City and Milwaukee
SMSA's; Baltimore and Milwaukee
central cities
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ........ .........................................
800 ..................................................
5.28
3.34
2.36
1.67
1.49
1.06
.75
.53
.37
.31
.26
7.40
4.68
3.31
2.34
2.09
1.48
1.05
.74
.53
.43
.37
10.28
6.50
4.60
3.25
2.91
2.06
1.46
1.03
.73
.60
.52
12.35
7.81
5.53
3.91
3.50
2.47
1.75
1.24
.88
.72
.63
13.99
8.85
6.26
4.43
3.96
2.80
1.98
1.41
1.00
.82
.72
15.32
9.69
6.85
4.85
4.34
3.07
2.18
1.55
1.10
.91
.79
17.75
11.23
7.94
5.62
5.03
3.56
2.53
1.80
1.29
1.07
.94
19.26
12.19
8.62
6.10
5.46
3.87
2.75
1.97
1.42
1.18
1.05
20.05
12.69
8.98
6.36
5.69
4.04
2.88
2.07
1.51
1.27
1.13
Cincinnati, St. Louis, and
Washington, D.C. SMSA’s; Dallas
and Detroit central cities
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
1,500 ...............................................
2,000 ...............................................
6.14
3.89
2.75
1.94
1.74
1.23
.87
.61
.43
.36
.31
.28
.22
.19
8.61
5.45
3.85
2.72
2.44
1.72
1.22
.86
.61
.50
.43
.39
.32
.27
11.96
7.56
5.35
3.78
3.38
2.39
1.69
1.20
.85
.69
.60
.54
.44
.38
14.37
9.09
6.43
4.55
4.07
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.84
.72
.65
.53
.46
16.27
10.29
7.28
5.15
4.60
3.26
2.30
1.63
1.16
.95
.82
.74
.61
.53
17.82
11.27
7.97
5.64
5.04
3.57
2.52
1.79
1.27
1.04
.91
.81
.67
.59
20.65
13.06
9.24
6.53
5.84
4.14
2.93
2.08
1.48
1.22
1.06
.95
.79
.70
22.40
14.17
10.02
7.09
6.34
4.49
3.18
2.26
1.62
1.33
1.16
1.05
.88
.78
23.32
14.75
10.44
7.38
6.61
4.68
3.32
2.37
1.70
1.40
1.23
1.12
.94
.84
Estimated rate (percent)
1 See Appendix C for complete titles and area definitions of the SMSA’s and LMA's in these tables.
137
Table B-15. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of estimated unemployment rates for black and other persons for
metropolitan areas1 and central cities
Area and size of
civilian labor force
(In thousands)
1
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
25
Baltimore, Buffalo, Cleveland,
Denver, Indianapolis, and Riverside
SMSA’s
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
6.43
4.07
2.88
2.03
1.82
1.29
.91
.64
.46
9.02
5.71
4.03
2.85
2.55
1.80
1.28
.90
.64
12.54
7.93
5.61
3.97
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.26
.89
15.08
9.54
6.75
4.77
4.27
3.02
2.14
1.51
1.07
17.09
10.81
7.65
5.41
4.84
3.42
2.42
1.72
1.22
18.74
11.86
8.38
5.93
5.30
3.75
2.66
1.88
1.34
21.79
13.78
9.75
6.90
6.17
4.37
3.09
2.20
1.57
23.74
15.02
10.62
7.52
6.72
4.76
3.38
2.40
1.72
24.85
15.72
11.12
7.87
7.04
4.99
3.54
2.53
1.82
Cincinnati, Kansas City, and
Milwaukee SMSA’s; Baltimore
central city
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ...................................................
20 ...................................................
25 ...................................................
50 ...................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
5.14
3.25
2.30
1.63
1.46
1.03
.73
.51
7.21
4.56
3.23
2.28
2.04
1.44
1.02
.72
10.02
6.34
4.48
3.17
2.84
2.01
1.42
1.01
12.06
7.63
5.39
3.82
3.41
2.42
1.71
1.21
13.67
8.65
6.11
4.33
3.87
2.74
1.94
1.38
14.99
9.48
6.71
• 4.74
4.25
3.01
2.13
1.52
17.42
11.02
7.80
5.52
4.94
3.50
2.49
1.78
18.98
12.01
8.50
6.02
5.39
3.83
2.73
1.96
19.87
12.58
8.90
6.31
5.65
4.02
2.88
2.08
Boston, Dallas, Detroit, Houston,
Miami, Philadelphia, San Jose, and
Seattle SMSA's; Philadelphia
central city
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ...................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ...................................................
50 ...................................................
100 ..................................................
200 .................................................
400 ..................................................
7.53
4.76
3.37
2.38
2.13
1.51
1.07
.75
.53
10.56
6.68
4.72
3.34
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.06
.75
14.68
9.29
6.57
4.64
4.15
2.94
2.08
1.47
1.04
17.66
11.17
7.90
5.59
5.00
3.53
2.50
1.77
1.25
20.02
12.66
8.95
6.33
5.66
4.00
2.83
2.01
1.42
21.95
13.88
9.82
6.94
6.21
4.39
3.11
2.20
1.56
25.51
16.14
11.41
8.07
7.22
5.11
3.62
2.56
1.82
27.80
17.58
12.43
8.79
7.87
5.57
3.94
2.80
1.99
29.09
18.40
13.02
9.21
8.24
5.83
4.13
2.93
2.09
District of Columbia
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ...................................................
20 ...................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ...................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
3.57
2.26
1.60
1.13
1.01
.71
.50
.36
.25
5.00
3.16
2.24
1.58
1.41
1.00
.71
.50
.36
6.95
4.40
3.11
2.20
1.97
1.39
.99
.70
.50
8.36
5.29
3.74
2.65
2.37
1.68
1.19
.84
.60
9.48
5.99
4.24
3.00
2.68
1.90
1.35
.96
.69
10.39
6.57
4.65
3.29
2.94
2.09
1.48
1.06
.76
12.08
7.64
5.41
3.83
13.16
8.33
5.90
4.18
3.43
3.74
2.43
1.73
1.24
.90
2.66
1.90
1.37
1.00
13.78
8.72
6.18
4.38
3.92
2.79
2.00
1.45
1.08
Cleveland and Milwaukee central
cities
2 ......................................................
5 ......................................................
10 ...................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
4.98
3.15
2.23
1.57
1.41
1.00
.70
6.98
4.41
3.12
2.21
1.97
1.40
.99
9.70
6.13
4.34
3.07
2.74
1.94
1.38
11.66
7.38
5.22
3.69
3.30
2.34
1.66
13.22
8.36
5.91
4.19
3.74
2.65
1.88
14.50
9.17
6.49
4.59
4.11
2.91
2.07
16.85
10.66
7.55
5.34
4.78
3.39
2.42
18.36
11.62
8.23
5.83
5.22
3.71
2.65
19.22
12.17
8.62
6.11
5.48
3.90
2.80
Anaheim, Atlanta, Chicago, Los
Angeles, Nassau, Newark,
Pittsburgh, San Diego, and San
Francisco SMSA’s; Minneapolis
and New York LMA’s; Chicago,
Houston, and New York central
cities
2 ......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
7.89
4.99
3.53
2.50
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.56
.46
11.07
7.00
4.95
3.50
3.13
2.21
1.57
1.11
.78
.64
15.38
9.73
6.88
4.86
4.35
3.08
2.18
1.54
1.09
.89
18.50
11.70
8.28
5.85
5.23
3.70
2.62
1.85
1.31
1.07
20.97
13.26
9.38
6.63
5.93
4.20
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.21
22.99
14.54
10.28
7.27
6.51
4.60
3.25
2.30
1.63
1.33
26.73
16.91
11.96
8.46
7.56
5.35
3.78
2.68
1.90
1.55
29.12
18.42
13.03
9.21
8.24
5.83
4.13
2.92
2.07
1.70
30.48
19.28
13.63
9.64
8.63
6.10
4.32
3.06
2.18
1.79
Estimated rate (percent)
See footnotes at end of table.
138
Table B-15. Sampling errors at 90*percent confidence level of estimated unemployment rates for black and other persons for
metropolitan areas1 and central cities —Continued
Area and size of
civilian labor force
(In thousands)
1
2
4
6
8
10
15
20
25
Continued----Anaheim, Atlanta, Chicago, Los
Angeles, Nassau, Newark,
Pittsburgh, San Diego, and San
Francisco SMSA's; Minneapolis
and New York LMA's; Chicago,
Houston, and New York central
cities
800 ..................................................
1,000 ...............................................
0.39
.35
0.55
.50
0.77
•69
0.93
.83
1.05
.94
1.16
1.04
1.35
1.21
1.48
1.33
1.55
1.40
St. Louis central city
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
4.13
2.61
1.85
1.31
1.17
.83
.58
5.79
3.66
2.59
1.83
1.64
1.16
.82
8.05
5.09
3.60
2.55
2.28
1.61
1.14
9.69
6.13
4.33
3.07
2.74
1.94
1.38
10.98
6.94
4.91
3.48
3.11
2.20
1.56
12.04
7.62
5.39
3.81
3.41
2.42
1.72
14.00
8.86
6.27
4.44
3.97
2.82
2.01
15.25
9.65
6.83
4.84
4.34
3.09
2.21
15.97
10.11
7.16
5.08
4.55
3.25
2.34
St. Louis and Washington, D.C.
SMSA’s; Dallas and Detroit central
cities
2 .......................................................
5 .......................................................
10 ....................................................
20 ....................................................
25 ....................................................
50 ....................................................
100 ..................................................
200 ..................................................
400 ..................................................
600 ..................................................
6.27
3.96
2.80
1.98
1.77
1.25
.89
.63
.44
.36
8.79
5.56
3.93
2.78
2.49
1.76
1.24
.88
.62
.51
12.21
7.72
5.46
3.86
3.45
2.44
1.73
1.22
.87
.71
14.69
9.29
6.57
4.65
4.16
2.94
2.08
1.47
1.04
.85
16.65
10.53
7.45
5.27
4.71
3.33
2.36
1.67
1.18
.97
18.25
11.55
8.16
5.77
5.17
3.65
2.59
1.83
1.30
1.07
21.22
13.42
9.49
6.71
6.01
4.25
3.01
2.13
1.52
1.25
23.12
14.62
10.34
7.32
6.55
4.63
3.28
2.33
1.66
1.37
24.20
15.31
10.83
7.66
6.85
4.85
3.44
2.45
1.75
1.45
Estimated rate (percent)
1 See Appendix C for complete titles and area definitions of the SMSA’s and LMA’s in these tables.
139
Table B-16. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of civilian labor force participation rates for total or white persons
for metropolitan areas1 and central cities
Area and size of
population
(In thousands)
2 or 98
5 or 95
20 or 80
30 or 70
40 or 60
50
Baltimore, Buffalo, Cleveland, Indianapolis, and Riverside
SMSA’s
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ........................... ..............................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
2,000 .......................................................................................
11.73
7.42
5.24
3.71
3.32
2.35
1.66
1.17
.83
.68
.59
.52
.43
.37
18.26
11.55
8.16
5.77
5.16
3.65
2.58
1.83
1.29
1.05
.91
.82
.67
.58
33.51
21.19
14.99
10.60
9.48
6.70
4.74
3.35
2.37
1.93
1.68
1.50
1.22
1.06
38.39
24.28
17.17
12.14
10.86
7.68
5.43
3.84
2.71
2.22
1.92
1.72
1.40
1.21
41.04
25.96
18.35
12.98
11.61
8.21
5.80
4.10
2.90
2.37
2.05
1.84
1.50
1.30
41.88
26.49
18.73
13.25
11.85
8.38
5.92
4.19
2.96
2.42
2.09
1.87
1.53
1.32
Cincinnati, Kansas City, and Milwaukee SMSA’s; Baltimore
central city
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
10.31
6.52
4.61
3.26
2.92
2.06
1.46
1.03
.73
.60
.52
.46
.38
16.05
10.15
7.18
5.08
4.54
3.21
2.27
1.61
1.14
.93
.80
.72
.59
29.46
18.63
13.18
9.32
8.33
5.89
4.17
2.95
2.08
1.70
1.47
1.32
1.08
33.76
21.35
15.10
10.67
9.55
6.75
4.77
3.38
2.39
1.95
1.69
1.51
1.23
36.09
22.82
16.14
11.41
10.21
7.22
5.10
3.61
2.55
2.08
1.80
1.61
1.32
36.83
23.29
16.47
11.65
10.42
7.37
5.21
3.68
2.60
2.13
1.84
1.65
1.34
Boston, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Miami,
Philadelphia, San Jose, and Seattle SMSA’s; Philadelphia
central city
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
2,000 .......................................................................................
2,500 .......................................................................................
5,000 .......................................................................................
13.73
8.69
6.14
4.34
3.88
2.75
1.94
1.37
.97
.79
.69
.61
.50
.43
.39
.27
21.38
13.52
9.56
6.76
6.05
4.28
3.02
2.14
1.51
1.23
1.07
.96
.78
.68
.60
.43
39.24
24.82
17.55
12.41
11.10
7.85
5.55
3.92
2.77
2.27
1.96
1.75
1.43
1.24
1.11
.78
44.95
28.43
20.10
14.21
12.71
8.99
6.36
4.50
3.18
2.60
2.25
2.01
1.64
1.42
1.27
.90
48.05
30.39
21.49
15.20
13.59
9.61
6.80
4.81
3.40
2.77
2.40
2.15
1.75
1.52
1.36
.96
49.05
31.02
21.93
15.51
13.87
9.81
6.94
4.90
3.47
2.83
2.45
2.19
1.79
1.55
1.39
.98
District of Columbia
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
6.50
4.11
2.91
2.06
1.84
1.30
.92
.65
.46
.38
10.12
6.40
4.53
3.20
2.86
2.02
1.43
1.01
.72
.58
18.57
11.75
8.31
5.87
5.25
3.71
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
21.28
13.46
9.52
6.73
6.02
4.26
3.01
2.13
1.50
1.23
22.75
14.39
10.17
7.19
6.43
4.55
3.22
2.27
1.61
1.31
23.22
14.68
10.38
7.34
6.57
4.64
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.34
Los Angeles-Long Beach SMSA
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ...................................................................................„........
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
2,o00.......................................................................................
14.87
9.41
6.65
4.70
4.21
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.74
.67
.54
.47
23.15
14.64
10.35
7.32
6.55
4.63
3.27
2.32
1.64
1.34
1.16
1.04
.85
.73
42.49
26.88
19.00
13.44
12.02
8.50
6.01
4.25
3.00
2.45
2.12
1.90
1.55
1.34
48.68
30.79
21.77
15.39
13.77
9.74
6.88
4.87
3.44
2.81
2.43
2.18
1.78
1.54
52.04
32.92
23.27
16.46
14.72
10.41
7.36
5.20
3.68
3.00
2.60
2.33
1.90
1.65
53.12
33.59
23.75
16.80
15.02
10.62
7.51
5.31
3.76
3.07
2.66
2.38
1.94
1.68
Estimated rate (percent)
See footnotes at end of table.
140
Table B-16. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of civilian labor force participation rates for total or white persons
for metropolitan areas1 and central cities —Continued
Area and size of
population
(In thousands)
2 or 98
5 or 95
20 or 80
30 or 70
40 or 60
50
Los Angeles-Long Beach SMSA
2,500 ........................................................................................
5,000 ........................................................................................
7,500 ........................................................................................
0.42
.30
.24
0.65
.46
.38
1.20
.85
.69
1.38
.97
.79
1.47
1.04
.85
1.50
1.06
.87
Cleveland and Milwaukee central cities
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
9.07
5.74
4.06
2.87
2.57
1.81
1.28
.91
.64
.52
14.12
8.93
6.31
4.46
3.99
2.82
2.00
1.41
1.00
.82
25.91
16.39
11.59
8.19
7.33
5.18
3.66
2.59
1.83
1.50
29.68
18.77
13.28
9.39
8.40
5.94
4.20
2.97
2.10
1.71
31.73
20.07
14.19
10.04
8.98
6.35
4.49
3.17
2.24
1.83
32.39
20.48
14.48
10.24
9.16
6.48
4.58
3.24
2.29
1.87
St. Louis central city
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
7.53
4.76
3.37
2.38
2.13
1.51
1.07
.75
.53
11.72
7.41
5.24
3.71
3.32
2.34
1.66
1.17
.83
21.52
13.61
9.62
6.80
6.09
4.30
3.04
2.15
1.52
24.65
15.59
11.02
7.80
6.97
4.93
3.49
2.47
1.74
26.35
16.67
11.79
8.33
7.45
5.27
3.73
2.64
1.86
26.90
17.01
12.03
8.51
7.61
5.38
3.80
2.69
1.90
St. Louis and Washington, D.C. SMSA’s; Dallas and Detroit
central cities
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 ........................................................................................
1,500 ......................................................................... ..............
2,000 ........................................................................................
2,500 ........................................................................................
11.42
7.22
5.11
3.61
3.23
2.28
1.62
1.14
.81
.66
.57
.51
.42
.36
.32
17.78
11.25
7.95
5.62
5.03
3.56
2.51
1.78
1.26
1.03
.89
.80
.65
.56
.50
32.63
20.64
14.59
10.32
9.23
6.53
4.61
3.26
2.31
1.88
1.63
1.46
1.19
1.03
.92
37.39
23.64
16.72
11.82
10.57
7.48
5.29
3.74
2.64
2.16
1.87
1.67
1.37
1.18
1.06
39.97
25.28
17.87
12.64
11.30
7.99
5.65
4.00
2.83
2.31
2.00
1.79
1.46
1.26
1.13
40.79
25.80
18.24
12.90
11.54
8.16
5.77
4.08
2.88
2.36
2.04
1.82
1.49
1.29
1.15
Estimated rate (percent)
1 See Appendix C for complete titles and area definitions of the SMSA’s and LMA’s in these tables.
141
Table B-17. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of civilian labor force participation rates for black and other
persons for metropolitan areas1 and central cities
Estimated rate (percent)
Area and size of
population
(In thousands)
2 or 98
5 or 95
20 or 80
30 or 70
40 or 60
50
Cincinnati, Kansas City, and Milwaukee SMSA’s; Baltimore
central city
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
1 0 0 ..........................................................................................
200 .................................................................................. :.......
400 ..........................................................................................
9.33
5.90
4.17
2.95
2.64
1.87
1.32
.93
.66
14.53
9.19
6.50
4.59
4.11
2.91
2.05
1.45
1.03
26.66
16.86
11.92
8.43
7.54
5.33
3.77
2.67
1.89
30.54
19.32
13.66
9.66
8.64
6.11
4.32
3.05
2.16
32.65
20.65
14.60
10.32
9.23
6.53
4.62
3.27
2.31
33.32
21.08
14.90
10.54
9.43
6.66
4.71
3.33
2.36
Baltimore, Buffalo, Cleveland, Indianapolis, and Riverside
SMSA’s
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
11.73
7.42
5.25
3.71
3.32
2.35
1.66
1.17
.83
18.26
11.55
8.17
5.77
5.17
3.65
2.58
1.83
1.29
33.52
21.20
14.99
10.60
9.48
6.70
4.74
3.35
2.37
38.40
24.28
17.17
12.14
10.86
7.68
5.43
3.84
2.72
41.05
25.96
18.36
12.98
11.61
8.21
5.81
4.10
2.90
41.90
26.50
18.74
13.25
11.85
8.38
5.92
4.19
2.95
Cleveland and Milwaukee central cities
2 ....................... ......................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
8.29
5.25
3.71
2.62
2.35
1.66
1.17
.83
12.91
8.17
5.77
4.08
3.65
2.58
1.83
1.29
23.70
14.99
10.60
7.49
6.70
4.74
3.35
2.37
27.15
17.17
12.14
8.59
7.68
5.43
3.84 .
2.72
29.03
18.36
12.98
9.18
8.21
5.81
4.10
2.90
29.62
18.74
13.25
9.37
8.38
5.92
4.19
2.96
13.67
8.64
6.11
4.32
3.87
2.73
21.27
13.46
9.51
6.73
6.02
4.25
44.73
28.29
20.00
14.15
12.65
8.95
6.33
4.47
3.16
2.58
2.24
47.82
30.24
<;21-39
15.12
13.53
9.56
6.76
4.78
3.38
2.76
2.39
48.81
30.87
21.83
15.43
13.80
9.76
6.90
4.88
3.45
2.82
2.44
Boston, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Miami,
Philadelphia, San Jose, and Seattle SMSA’s; Philadelphia
central city
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 .............................................. .............................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
*
1.93
3.01
1.37
.97
.79
.68
2.13
1.50
1.23
1.06
39.05
24.69
17.46
12.35
11.04
7.81
5.52
3.90
2.76
2.25
1.95
District of Columbia
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
6.47
4.09
2.89
2.05
1.83
1.29
.91
.65
.46
10.07
6.37
4.50
3.18
2.85
2.01
1.42
1.01
.71
18.48
11.69
8.27
5.84
5.23
3.70
2.61
1.85
1.31
21.17
13.39
9.47
6.70
5.99
4.23
2.99
2.12
1.50
22.64
14.32
10.12
7.16
6.40
4.53
3.20
2.26
1.60
23.10
14.61
10.33
7.31
6.53
4.62
3.27
2.31
1.63
Anaheim, Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, Nassau, Newark,
Pittsburgh, San Diego, and San Francisco SMSA's;
Minneapolis and New York LMA’s; Chicago, Houston, and
New York central cities
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ........................................................................... ..................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................... ............
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
1,000 .......................................................................................
1,500 .......................................................................................
14.32
9.06
6.40
4.53
4.05
2.86
2.02
1.43
1.01
.83
.72
.64
.52
22.29
14.10
9.97
7.05
6.30
4.46
3.15
2.23
1.58
1.29
1.11
1.00
.81
40.91
25.87
18.30
12.94
11.57
8.18
5.79
4.09
2.89
2.36
2.05
1.83
1.49
46.87
29.64
20.96
14.82
13.26
9.37
6.63
4.69
3.31
2.71
2.34
2.10
1.71
50.10
31.69
22.41
15.84
14.17
10.02
7.09
5.01
3.54
2.89
2.51
2.24
1.83
51.14
32.34
22.87
16.17
14.46
10.23
7.23
5.11
3.62
2.95
2.56
2.29
1.87
See footnotes at end of table.
142
Table B-17. Sampling errors at 90-percent confidence level of civilian labor force participation rates for black and other
persons for metropolitan areas1 and central cities— Continued
Estimated rate (percent)
Area and size of
(In thousands)
2 or 98
5 or 95
20 or 80
30 or 70
40 or 60
50
Continued-----Anaheim, Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles, Nassau, Newark,
Pittsburgh, San Diego, and San Francisco SMSA’s;
Minneapolis and New York LMA's; Chicago, Houston, and
New York central cities
2,000 ........................................................................... ............
0.45
0.70
1.29
1.48
1.58
1.62
St. Louis central city
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ................................................................ ..........................
7.49
4.74
3.35
2.37
2.12
1.50
1.06
.75
11.67
7.38
5.22
3.69
3.30
2.33
1.65
1.17
21.41
13.54
9.58
6.77
6.06
4.28
3.03
2.14
24.53
15.52
10.97
7.76
6.94
4.91
3.47
2.45
26.23
16.59
11.73
8.29
7.42
5.25
3.71
2.62
. 26.77
16.93
11.97
8.46
7.57
5.35
3.79
2.68
St. Louis and Washington, D.C. SMSA’s; Dallas and Detroit
central cities
2 ..............................................................................................
5 ..............................................................................................
10 ............................................................................................
20 ............................................................................................
25 ............................................................................................
50 ............................................................................................
100 ..........................................................................................
200 ..........................................................................................
400 ..........................................................................................
600 ..........................................................................................
800 ..........................................................................................
11.37
7.19
5.08
3.59
3.21
2.27
1.61
1.14
.80
.66
.57
17.69
11.19
7.91
5.60
5.00
3.54
2.50
1.77
1.25
1.02
.88
32.47
20.54
14.52
10.27
9.19
6.49
4.59
3.25
2.30
1.87
1.62
37.20
23.53
16.64
11.76
10.52
7.44
5.26
3.72
2.63
2.15
1.86
39.77
25.15
17.79
12.58
11.25
7.95
5.62
3.98
2.81
2.30
1.99
40.59
25.67
18.15
12.84
11.48
8.12
5.74
4.06
2.87
2.34
2.03
1 See Appendix C for complete titles and area definitions of the SMSA's and LMA's in these tables.
143
Appendix C. Geographic
Boundary Definitions for 30
Large Metropolitan Areas
This appendix lists the boundary definitions of 30
large metropolitan areas using the two methods by
which the areas are defined for statistical pur
poses—Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA’s) and Labor Market Areas (LMA’s).
The Department of Labor has used LMA’s for a
number of years for various administrative and pro
gram purposes. Designed to measure conditions of the
labor force within reasonable commuting distance of a
large central city (or cities), the boundaries for almost
all LMA’s are the same as those for SMSA’s as defined
by the Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Stand
ards. SMSA boundaries are defined using a set of
uniform criteria, while LMA’s are defined jointly by the
State Employment Security Agencies and the Depart
ment of Labor. Since many LMA’s were established
before they were designated as an SMSA, there are a
few areas where boundary differences reflect this initial
classification discrepancy.
An SMSA is defined as a county containing at least
one city with 50,000 inhabitants or more, or several,
economically and socially related contiguous counties
with at least one city of 25,000 inhabitants or more. In
the New England States, where SMSA’s are comprised
of cities and towns, the minimum population size is
75,000.
144
The boundaries of SMSA’s are occasionally revised.
The tables that follow compare the boundaries of 30
large SMSA’s in 1970 and 1973 (the current SMSA
boundaries) with the current LMA boundaries. With the
exception of Minneapolis-St. Paul and New York,
estimates in section III refer to SMSA’s, while those in
section IV refer to LMA’s.
Since 1973, the New York SMSA has consisted of the
five counties included in New York City, and Rockland,
Westchester, and Putnam Counties in New York State,
plus Bergen County, New Jersey. Before 1973, the New
York SMSA did not include Putnam or Bergen County.
On the other hand, the New York Labor Market (LMA)
has, for many years, included Putnam County, but ex
cluded Bergen County. Bergen County had a labor force
of 484,000 in 1980, equal to approximately 12 percent of
the New York SMSA. However, Putnam County has a
labor force comprising less than 1 percent of the total.
Thus the current New York LMA is consistent with the
1970 SMSA definition. Data based on the SMSA defini
tion are available upon request.
Estimates for the Minneapolis-St. Paul LMA as
published in this year’s report are not significantly dif
ferent from those for the SMSA. Consequently, earlier
data based on the SMSA definition may be used in a
time series with the current LMA data.
Table C-1. G eographic boundaries of m etropolitan areas (S M S A ’s and L M A ’s)
SMSA
A re a
1 9 7 0 d e fin itio n
SMSA
L M A d e fin itio n 1
1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n
A n a h e im S a n ta A n a . .
O ra n g e C o u n ty
Sam e
Sam e
C o u n t ie s o f C o b b , C la y t o n , D e K a lb ,
G a rd e n G ro v e
1 9 7 0 d e f in it io n p lu s c o u n tie s o f B u tts ,
1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n
C h e r o k e e , D o u g la s , F a y e t t e , F o r
F u lto n , G w in n e tt
s y t h , H e n r y , N e w t o n , P a u ld in g ,
R o c k d a le , W a lto n
B a ltim o r e
.................
C it y o f B a lt im o r e , C o u n t ie s o f A n n e
Sam e
Sam e
1 9 7 0 d e f i n it i o n p lu s B o x f o r d T o w n
1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n
A r u n d e l, B a ltim o r e , C a rr o ll, H a r
fo rd , a n d H o w a rd
B o s t o n ...........................
S u ffo lk
C o u n t y a n d p a r ts o f C o u n t ie s
o f E s s e x , M id d le s e x , N o r f o lk ,
P ly m o u th
in E s s e x C o u n t y ; T o w n s o f A c t o n ,
B o x b o r o u g h , C a r l i s le , H o l l i s t o n in
M id d le s e x C o u n t y ; B e llin g h a m ,
F o x b o r o u g h , F r a n k lin , M e d w a y ,
S to u g h to n , W re n th a m
in N o r f o l k
C o u n ty ; a n d A b in g to n , H a n s o n ,
K i n g s t o n in P l y m o u t h C o u n t y .
B u ffa lo
........................
C h i c a g o ........................
C o u n t ie s o f E r ie , N ia g a ra
Sam e
Sam e
C o u n t ie s o f C o o k , D u P a g e , K a n e ,
Sam e
Sam e
Sam e
Sam e
Sam e
Sam e
L a k e , M c H e n r y , W ill
O h io p o r t io n :
C o u n t ie s o f C le r m o n t ,
H a m ilto n , W a rre n
K e n tu c k y p o r tio n :
C o u n t ie s o f B o o n e ,
C a m p b e ll, K e n t o n
In d ia n a p o r tio n :
D e a rb o rn C o u n ty
C o u n t ie s o f C u y a h o g a , G e a u g a , L a k e ,
M e d in a
D a ll a s F o r t W o rth
. . . .
C o u n t i e s o f C o l l i n , D a ll a s , D e n t o n ,
E l li s , K a u f m a n , R o c k w a l l , J o h n
1970
d e f i n i t i o n p lu s C o u n t i e s o f
Sam e
H o o d , P a r k e r , a n d W is e
son, T a rra n t
D e n v e rC o u n t ie s o f A d a m s , A r a p a h o e , B o u l
d e r, J e ffe rs o n , D e n v e r
D e tr o it
........................
C o u n t ie s o f M a c o m b , O a k la n d , W a y n e
1 9 7 0 d e f in it io n
p lu s C o u n t ie s o f
D o u g la s , G ilp in
1 9 7 0 d e f i n it i o n p lu s C o u n t ie s o f
1 9 7 3 d e f i n i t i o n p lu s C l e a r C r e e k
C o u n ty
1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n
L a p e e r , L iv in g s t o n , S t. C la ir
H o u s to n
....................
1 9 7 0 d e f i n i t i o n p lu s W a l l e r C o u n t y
1 9 7 3 d e f in it io n
Sam e
Sam e
1 9 7 0 d e f i n it i o n p lu s R a y C o u n t y , M o .
1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n
L o s A n g e le s C o u n t y
Sam e
Sam e
D a d e C o u n ty
Sam e
Sam e
C o u n t ie s o f M ilw a u k e e , O z a u k e e ,
Sam e
Sam e
1 9 7 0 d e f i n it i o n p lu s C o u n t ie s o f
1 9 7 3 d e f i n it i o n m in u s S t . C r o ix
C o u n t ie s o f B r a z o r ia , F o r t B e n d ,
H a rr is , L ib e r t y , M o n t g o m e r y
I n d i a n a p o l i s ..............
C o u n t ie s o f B o o n e , H a m i l t o n , H a n
c o c k , H e n d r ic k s , J o h n s o n , M a r io n ,
M o r g a n , S h e lb y
K a n s a s C i t y ..............
M is s o u r i p o r t i o n :
C o u n t ie s o f C ass,
C la y , J a c k s o n , P la tte
K a n s a s p o r t io n :
C o u n t ie s o f J o h n s o n ,
W y a n d o tte
L o s A n g e le s Long Beach
M ia m i
. . . .
...........................
M i l w a u k e e .................
W a s h in g to n , W a u k e s h a
M in n e a p o lis S t . P a u l ....................
M in n e s o ta p o r t io n :
C o u n t ie s o f
A n o k a , D a k o t a , H e n n e p in ,
C a r v e r , C h is a g o , S c o t t , W r i g h t ,
R a m s e y , W a s h in g to n
M i n n . , a n d S t . C r o i x , W is .
C o u n ty
N assauS u ffo lk
....................
C o u n t ie s o f N a s s a u , S u f f o l k
Sam e
Sam e
See fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le .
145
T ab le C-1. C o ntinu ed — G eographic boundaries of m etropolitan areas (S M S A ’s and LM A ’s)
A re a
New
Y o r k .................
SMSA
1 9 7 0 d e fin itio n
N e w Y o r k p o r t io n :
N e w Y o rk C ity
( 5 C o u n t ie s ) , a n d C o u n t ie s o f
L M A d e f in it io n 1
S M S A 1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n
1 9 7 0 d e f i n it i o n p lu s P u tn a m
C o u n ty ,
1 9 7 3 d e f i n it i o n m in u s B e rg e n C o u n t y
N . Y . , a n d B e rg e n C o u n t y , N .J .
R o c k la n d , W e s tc h e s te r
N e w a r k ........................
C o u n t ie s o f E s s e x , M o r r is , U n io n
1 9 7 0 d e f i n i t i o n p lu s S o m e r s e t C o u n t y
1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n
P h i l a d e l p h i a ..............
P e n n s y lv a n ia p o r t io n :
Sam e
Sam e
Sam e
Sam e
C o u n t ie s o f R iv e r s id e , S a n B e r n a r d in o
Sam e
Sam e
M is s o u r i p o r t i o n :
1 9 7 0 d e f i n it i o n p lu s C o u n t ie s o f
1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n
C o u n t ie s o f
B u c k s , C h e s te r , D e la w a r e , M o n t
g o m e r y , P h ila d e lp h ia
N e w J e rs e y p o r tio n :
C o u n t ie s o f
B u r lin g t o n , C a m d e n , G lo u c e s te r
P i t t s b u r g h .................
C o u n t ie s o f A lle g h e n y , B e a v e r, W a s h
in g t o n , W e s t m o r e la n d
R iv e r s id e S a n B e r n a r d in o O n t a r i o ....................
S t . L o u i s ....................
S t . L o u is C i t y a n d
C o u n t ie s o f F r a n k li n , J e f f e r s o n ,
C lin t o n , M o n r o e , III.
S t . C h a r le s , S t . L o u is
Illin o is p o r t io n :
C o u n t ie s o f M a d is o n ,
S t. C la ir
S a n F r a n c is c o O a k l a n d ....................
C o u n t i e s o f A l a m e d a , C o n t r a C o s ta ,
Sam e
Sam e
S a n ta C la r a C o u n t y
Sam e
Sam e
S a n D ie g o C o u n t y
Sam e
Sam e
C o u n t ie s o f K in g , S n o h o m is h
Sam e
Sam e
D is t r ic t o f C o lu m b ia
1 9 7 0 d e f i n i t i o n p l u s C h a r le s C o u n t y ,
1 9 7 3 d e fin itio n
M a r i n , S a n F r a n c is c o , S a n M a t e o
S an Jose
S a n D ie g o
....................
.................
S e a ttle E v e re tt
....................
W a s h in g to n ,
D . C .................................
M d.
V ir g in ia p o r t io n :
C o u n t ie s o f A r lin g
t o n , F a i r f a x , L o u d o u n , P r in c e
W i l l i a m , C i t i e s o f A l e x a n d r i a , F a l ls
C h u rc h , F a ir fa x , M anassas,
M aq ass as P a rk
M a r y la n d p o r t io n :
C o u n t ie s o f M o n t
g o m e r y , P r in c e G e o rg e s
1 Except for Denver-Boulder, for which the estimates in sec- metropolitan area estimates in sections III and IV are based on
tion III are based on the 1973 SMSA geographic boundaries, all the LMA boundaries.
146
Appendix D„ Pro c e d u re s fo r
Estimating Em p lo ym e nt and
Unemployment U nd er the
Federal-State Cooperatiw®
Program
using special surveys, national historical relationships,
and census data.
Estimating methods
Employment and unemployment estimates for the 10
largest States (California, New York, Texas, Illinois,
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Florida, New Jersey, and
Massachusetts) and two areas (New York City and the
Los Angeles-Long Beach
) are taken directly from
the Current Population Survey ( ) . For a description
of
concepts, see the
periodical Employment and
Earnings, Explanatory Note A, “Household Data.”
Estimates for the remaining 40 States and the District
of Columbia are prepared by State employment security
agencies under standardized procedures developed by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The estimates are prepared in
several stages, as explained below.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
Labor Market Areas (
’ ) , and other areas covered
under Federal assistance programs are developed by
State employment security agencies under a Federal-State
cooperative program. The local unemployment estimates
which are derived from standardized procedures devel
oped by
are the basis for determining eligibility of an
area for benefits under Federal programs such as the
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act and the
Public Works and Economic Development Act.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment
In the current month, the estimate of unemployment is
an aggregate of the estimates for each of three categories:
(1) Persons who were previously employed in industries
covered by State ui laws; (2) those previously employed
in industries not covered by these laws; and (3) those
who were either entering the labor force for the first time
or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred
to below as the ui-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered
industries is derived from a count of current unemploy
ment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants
whose benefits have been exhausted, those persons dis
qualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary reasons
(because they quit, were discharged for cause, etc., but
would otherwise have been eligible), and persons who
either filed claims late or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in indus
tries not covered by ui is derived by applying to the em
ployment estimate for each noncovered industry or class
of worker subgroup in the State the ratio of covered un
employment to covered employment, weighted by factors
reflecting national historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants
into the labor force, a composite estimate is developed
from equations that relate the total entrants into the
labor force to the experienced unemployed and the expe
rienced labor force. For each month, the estimate of en
trants into the labor force is a function of: (a) the month
of the year; (b) the level of the experienced unemployed;
(c) the level of the experienced labor force; and (d) the
proportion of the working-age population that is consid
ered “youth.” The composite estimate of total entrants is
defined as:
l m a
c p s
c p s
b ls
l m a
s
b ls
Preliminary estimate—employment
The total employment estimate is based primarily on
data from the survey of establishments which produces
an estimate of payroll employment. This place-of-work
estimate must be adjusted to refer to place of residence
as used in the
. Factors for adjusting from place of
work to place of residence have been developed for the
major categories of employment by class of worker and
industry on the basis of employment relationships which
existed at the time of the 1970 Decennial Census. These
factors are applied to the payroll employment estimates
for the current period to obtain adjusted employment
estimates.
Estimates of employment for workers not covered by
the payroll survey, such as agricultural workers and selfemployed and unpaid family workers, are also developed
c p s
U = A(X+E) + BX, where
U = total entrant unemployment
E = total employment
X = total experienced unemployment
147
employment security agencies using ui-based estimating
procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked, by
to the
annual average
estimates for the 40 States for which
monthly
estimates are not available. This adjustment
is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are not
as reliable as the
annual averages due to differences
in State ui laws, the structural limitations of the ui-based
estimating method, and errors in the ui data.
The benchmarked estimates are produced in three
stages. First, the monthly ui-based estimates are adjusted
by the ratio of the
to the ui-based annual averages.
Second, the difference between the ratio of annual aver
ages for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly
estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the
original series. Finally, the second-stage estimates are
forced into agreement with
annual averages. In the
10 States which use
estimates monthly, no bench
mark correction is required, as the average of the 12
monthly State
estimates will equal the
annual
averages.
The
estimates in the 10 large States and two large
areas are adjusted each year to incorporate revised inde
pendent population estimates provided by the Bureau of
the Census. These revised population estimates affect the
levels of employment and unemployment, but do not af
fect the unemployment rates.
The estimates for
’ in section IV have been ad
justed to conform to
annual averages estimates for
the States.
A, B = synthetic factors incorporating seasonal variations and
an assumed relationship between the proportion of youths in
the working population and the historical relationship of en
trants to the experienced unemployed (B factor) or the expe
rienced labor force (A factor)
b ls
c ps
c p s
Correction factors
c ps
Correction factors are then applied at the State level
to the ui-based estimates obtained above for each of the
40 States and District of Columbia. These correction fac
tors are based on the ratio of the
to the ui-based
estimates for the 6-month period ending in the current
month (e.g., a 6-month moving average).
c ps
c p s
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Independent estimates of employment and unemploy
ment are prepared both for the State (obtained directly
from the
in 10 large States or by the ui-based method
in the remaining States), and labor market areas (
’ )
within the State. The total labor force included in the
’ exhausts the geographic boundaries of the State. A
proportional adjustment is applied to all sub-State
estimates to ensure that the sub-State estimates of em
ployment and unemployment add to the independent
State totals. In California and New York, which also
have sub-State areas taken directly from the
, the ad
ditivity adjustment for the remaining areas is applied to
the State total minus the direct
area.
c ps
c ps
c ps
l m a
l m a
s
c ps
s
c ps
c ps
l m a
c p s
l m a s
c ps
c p s
Benchmark correction procedures
Once each year monthly estimates prepared by State
♦U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1982 0-361-279A907
148
Youth Unemployment:
A n International
Perspectiwe
Bulletin 2098 from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics examines the labor
market experiences of youth—from
the early 1960's to the late 1970's—
in the United States and eight other
industrial countries:.
Australia
Canada
France
Germany
Great Britain
Italy
Japan
Sweden.
The size of the youth unemployment
problem and the underlying reasons
for large international differences in
youth unemployment are highlighted.
Youth Unemployment:
An International
Perspective contains:
Five charts
Nine tables
Technical appendix
Bibliography
Price: $3.50
Where to send order
1603 J F K B u ild in g
B o s to n , M a s s . 02203
Y o u c a n a ls o
se n d y o u r o rd e r
d ire c tly to:
Order form
P .O . B o x 13309
P h ila d e lp h ia , Pa . 19101
1371 P e a c h tre e St., N .E.
A tla n ta , G a . 30367
911 W a ln u t S tre e t
K a n s a s C ity , M o. 64106
S u ite 3400
1515 B ro a d w a y
N e w Y o rk , N .Y . 10036
Th e BLS
R e g io n a l o ffic e
n e a re s t y o u
w ill e x p e d ite
y o u r o rd e r.
F e d e ra l O ffic e B u ild in g
230 S o u th D e a rb o rn St.
C h ic a g o , III. 60604
2nd F lo o r
555 G riffin S q u a re B ldg.
D a lla s , T e x . 75202
450 G o ld e n G a te A v e .
B o x 36017
S a n F r a n c is c o , C a lif. 94102
S u p e rin te n d e n t of D o c u m e n ts
U .S G o v e rn m e n t P rinting O ffic e
W a s h in g to n , D C . 20402
□
P le a s e s e n d ______c o p ie s of Y o u th U n e m p lo y m e n t: A n In te r n a tio n a l P e r s p e c tiv e , B ulle tin 2098.
G P O S to c k N o. U29-001 -0 2 6 1 4 -5 , at $3.50 p e r c o p y .
□
E n c lo s e d is c h e c k o r m o n e y o rd e r p a y a b le to S u p e rin te n d e n t of D o c u m e n ts .
□
C h a r g e to m y G P O a c c o u n t n o _______________________________ _______________
□
C h a r g e to M a ste rC a rd * ,
□
C h a r g e to Visa*,
A c c o u n t n o _______________________________________E xp ira tio n d a t e ______
A c c o u n t n o ______________________________________ E x p ira tio n d a t e ______
* Available only on orders sent directly to Superintendent of Documents.
Nam e
O rg a n iz a tio n
(if a p p lic a b le )
S tre e t a d d re s s
C ity , S tate,
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Offices
Region i
1603 JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: (617) 223-6761
Region !V
1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30367
Phone: (404) 881-4418
Regions VIS and VISS
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: (816) 374-2481
Region IS
Suite 3400
1515 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10036
Phone: (212) 944-3121
Region V
9th Floor
Federal Office Building
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
Regions SX and X
450 Golden Gate Avenue
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: (415) 556-4678
Region I8l
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
Region V!
Second Floor
555 Griffin Square Building
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6971
