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FEDERAL RESERVE statistical release
G.17 (419)

For release at 9:15 a.m. (EDT)
May 16, 2007

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION

Industrial production increased 0.7 percent in April after a decrease of 0.3 percent in March. Output in
the manufacturing sector moved up 0.5 percent in April; the increase was led by advances in motor vehicles and
parts and in high-technology goods. The output of utilities increased 3.5 percent; temperatures were relatively
warm in March but fell below seasonal norms in April. Mining output decreased 0.3 percent in April. At
(over)

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION: SUMMARY
Seasonally adjusted

2002=100

Percent change

Industrial production

2007
Jan.r

2007
Jan.r

Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.p

Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.p

Total index
Previous estimates

111.7
111.8

112.6
112.7

112.2
112.5

Major market groups
Final Products
Consumer goods
Business equipment
Nonindustrial supplies
Construction
Materials

112.7
107.4
128.8
110.0
108.4
111.3

114.1
109.2
129.4
110.1
107.5
111.9

Major industry groups
Manufacturing (see note below)
Previous estimates
Mining
Utilities

113.7
113.7
100.2
105.1

113.0

-.5
-.4

.8
.8

-.3
-.2

.7

1.9

113.5
108.3
130.5
109.8
108.8
111.8

114.5
109.3
131.7
110.5
109.3
112.5

-.8
-.4
-2.5
-.1
-1.2
-.3

1.3
1.7
.4
.1
-.8
.5

-.5
-.8
.9
-.3
1.2
-.1

.9
.9
.9
.6
.4
.6

3.0
2.4
5.7
-.1
-2.1
1.5

113.8
113.8
100.8
112.7

114.4
114.6
100.9
104.3

115.0

-.6
-.6
-2.3
2.5

.0
.1
.6
7.3

.6
.7
.1
-7.5

.5

1.9

-.3
3.5

.8
2.5

Average
1972–2006

1994-95
high

Percent of capacity
2001-02
2006
2007
low
Apr.
Jan.r

Total industry
Previous estimates

81.0

85.1

73.6

81.9

Manufacturing (see note below)
Previous estimates
Mining
Utilities

79.8

84.6

71.6

80.7

87.4
86.7

88.9
93.7

84.8
83.8

Stage-of-process groups
Crude
Primary and semifinished
Finished

86.5
82.2
77.8

89.5
88.2
80.5

82.0
74.6
70.0

Capacity utilization

100.6
107.9

Apr. ’06 to
Apr. ’07

Capacity
growth
Apr. ’06 to
Apr. ’07

Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.p

81.1
81.1

81.6
81.6

81.2
81.4

81.6

2.3

79.7
79.7
90.5
89.6

80.0
80.1
90.6
82.8

80.2

2.5

90.4
85.4

79.8
79.8
90.1
83.7

90.3
85.7

1.0
2.2

88.2
83.8
77.8

88.2
81.9
77.9

89.2
82.5
78.1

89.3
81.5
78.3

88.8
82.1
78.8

.5
2.9
2.1

r Revised. p Preliminary.
Note. The statistics in this release cover output, capacity, and capacity utilization in the U.S. industrial sector, which is defined by the Federal Reserve to comprise
manufacturing, mining, and electric and gas utilities. Mining is defined as all industries in sector 21 of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS);
electric and gas utilities are those in NAICS sectors 2211 and 2212. Manufacturing comprises NAICS manufacturing industries (sector 31-33) plus the logging industry
and the newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishing industries. Logging and publishing are classified elsewhere in NAICS (under agriculture and information
respectively), but historically they were considered to be manufacturing and were included in the industrial sector under the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
system. In December 2002 the Federal Reserve reclassified all its industrial output data from the SIC system to NAICS.

1

113.0 percent of its 2002 average, overall industrial production for April was 1.9 percent above its year-earlier
level. The rate of capacity utilization for total industry rose 0.4 percentage point, to 81.6 percent, a level
0.6 percentage point above its 1972–2006 average.
Market Groups
All major market groups recorded increases in April. The output of consumer goods rebounded
0.9 percent after having fallen 0.8 percent in March. Production of consumer durables expanded 2.1 percent in
April. Apart from the strength in automotive products, the output of home electronics climbed 4.8 percent
because of gains in computers produced for households and in audio and video equipment. Also within
consumer durables, the indexes for appliances, furniture, and carpeting and for miscellaneous goods increased.
Within consumer nondurables, the output of non-energy goods edged up 0.2 percent, as a decline in foods and
tobacco was more than offset by increases in clothing, in chemical products, and in paper products. Among
consumer energy products, an increase in residential sales by utilities outweighed a decline in the output of fuels.
The output of business equipment moved up for a third consecutive month in April; an increase of
0.9 percent was led by gains in transit equipment and in information processing equipment. The rise of
1.9 percent in transit equipment was supported by increases in truck production and continued strength in
civilian aircraft. Information processing equipment rose 0.9 percent because of output gains in electromedical
equipment and in computers produced for businesses. The output of defense and space equipment rose
1.0 percent after having decreased 2.3 percent in March; this increase reflected a return to work in April at a
shipyard affected by a recent strike. The output of construction supplies increased 0.4 percent in April. The
output of business supplies advanced 0.7 percent because of strength in the production of medical supplies and in
commercial sales of gas and electricity.
The production of materials moved up 0.6 percent in April, as gains in both durable and energy materials
outweighed a decline in nondurable materials. Within durables, the output of equipment parts rose 1.3 percent;
the output of semiconductors advanced for a second consecutive month. The output of consumer parts also
increased 1.3 percent; the rise was boosted by increases in the indexes related to motor vehicle parts and steel.
The production of other durables increased 0.5 percent. Within nondurable materials, the production of both
textiles and chemicals fell, while the output of paper materials remained unchanged. The production of energy
materials recovered 0.8 percent in April after having declined 2.4 percent in March.
Industry Groups
Manufacturing output rose 0.5 percent in April, as a gain in the production of durables outweighed a
decline in nondurables. The factory operating rate moved up 0.2 percentage point, to 80.2 percent. The
production of durable goods rose 1.1 percent after an increase of 0.7 percent in March. Increases of more than
1.0 percent were recorded in the indexes for computer and electronic products; electrical equipment, appliances,
and components; motor vehicles and parts; and miscellaneous manufacturing. These gains more than offset
small decreases in the indexes for nonmetallic mineral products, machinery, and furniture and related products.
The index for nondurable manufacturing edged down 0.2 percent; declines occurred in the indexes for textile and
product mills; food, beverage, and tobacco products; and petroleum and coal products. The decline of
2.8 percent in the production of petroleum and coal products resulted from an unusually high number of refinery
shutdowns for seasonal maintenance. The production of non-NAICS manufacturing (logging and publishing)
moved up 0.7 percent in April and reversed more than half of the decline seen over the first quarter.
The output of natural gas utilities jumped 11.8 percent, and the output of electric utilities rose
2.0 percent. Mining production decreased 0.3 percent in April after having edged up 0.1 percent in March.
2

Capacity utilization for industries in the crude stage of processing moved down 0.5 percentage point, to
88.8 percent, in April. Capacity utilization for industries in the primary and semifinished stages moved up
0.6 percentage point, to 82.1 percent, and capacity utilization for industries at the finished stage increased
0.5 percentage point, to 78.8 percent.

Tables
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Industrial Production: Market and Industry Group Summary; percent change
Industrial Production: Special Aggregates and Selected Detail; percent change
Motor Vehicle Assemblies
Industrial Production: Market and Industry Group Summary; indexes
Industrial Production: Special Aggregates and Selected Detail; indexes
Diffusion Indexes of Industrial Production
Capacity Utilization
Industrial Capacity
Gross Value of Products and Nonindustrial Supplies
Gross-Value-Weighted Industrial Production: Stage-of-Process Groups
Historical Statistics: Total Industry
Historical Statistics: Manufacturing
Historical Statistics: Total Industry Excluding Selected High-Technology Industries
Historical Statistics: Manufacturing Excluding Selected High-Technology Industries

Further detail is available on the Board’s website (www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17/).

3

1. Industrial production, capacity, and utilization
160

Ratio scale, 2002 output = 100
Total
Manufacturing

135

160

135

110

Capacity

110

85

85

Production

Detail: 2003 to present

118

60

60

114
110

Production

106
102

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

35

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

98

2005

Percent of capacity

100
95

35

100
95

Utilization
85

85

75

75

65

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

65

Notes: The shaded areas are periods of business recession as defined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER).
See note on cover page.

4

2. Industrial production and capacity utilization
Consumer goods

Ratio scale, 2002=100

Equipment

Ratio scale, 2002=100

115

115

140

140

110

110

130

130

105

105

100

Nondurable

120

100

95
90

Durable

95

110

110

90

100

100

85

85

80

80

90

75

80

120

120

120

115

115

75

1998

2000

2002

Nonindustrial supplies

110

2004

2006

Ratio scale, 2002=100

105

105

100

100

95

95

1998

2000

2002

2004

85

Other business

1998

2000

2002

Capacity utilization

2004

2006

85

Primary and

115

Non-energy

110

110

105

105

100

100

95

95
90

Energy

85

85

90

80

80

85

75

1998

2000

2002

Capacity utilization
90

90

85

85

semifinished

2004

2006

75

Percent of capacity
90

85
Finished processing

processing

80

80

120

115

Percent of capacity

90

2006

Ratio scale, 2002=100

90

90

90

Defense and Space

Industrial materials

110

Construction

120

Business

75

80

80

80

75

75

75

70

70

Excluding utilities
70

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

5

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

70

3. Industrial production and capacity utilization, high-technology industries
Industrial production

Ratio scale, 2002 = 100

125
115

125
115

Excluding
high-technology
industries

95

95

75

75

Total IP

55

35

1970

1975

1980

1985

55

1990

1995

Industrial production

2000

2005

35

Percent change from year earlier

15

15
Total IP

10

10

5

5

0

0
Excluding the
contribution
of high-technology
industries

-5
-10
-15

1970

1975

Industrial production

1980

1985

1990

Ratio scale, 2002 = 100

Capacity utilization

400
300

400
300

200
150

200
150

Communications eq.

100

Computers

-10

2000

2005

95

100

100
95

Excluding
high-technology
industries

85

85

75

75

65

65
Semiconductors
10

1998

2000

2002

-15

Percent of capacity

100

50

50

1995

-5

High-technology industries
2004

2006

10

55

1990

1995

2000

2005

55

Notes: High-technology industries are defined as semiconductors and related electronic components (NAICS 334412-9),
computers (NAICS 3341),and communications equipment (NAICS 3342).
The shaded areas are periods of business recession as defined by the NBER.

6

Table 1
I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION : M ARKET AND I NDUSTRY G ROUP S UMMARY
Percent change, seasonally adjusted

Fourth quarter to
fourth quarter
Item

Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.p

4.0

-1.5

.9

-.5

.8

-.3

.7

1.9

5.7
3.0
1.0
-1.8
44.2
-1.6
.4
3.7
2.9
.2
5.3
6.6
5.7
6.1

3.9
2.6
-4.6
-10.1
-9.7
-5.1
5.6
5.0
3.0
1.3
-1.4
7.8
.6
10.9

-.3
-.1
-4.0
-3.4
8.1
-8.4
-4.4
1.2
4.4
7.0
-2.6
-1.4
9.8
-8.0

1.1
2.8
-.4
-.2
49.4
-6.7
-4.1
3.8
2.9
6.4
.7
-2.4
-.5
7.2

-.6
-.4
-3.0
-5.4
2.2
-1.7
-.9
.5
-.1
.2
1.9
-1.0
.1
2.4

1.0
1.7
1.8
3.8
7.0
-.2
-.9
1.7
.0
.5
-1.4
-.8
.6
7.0

-.4
-.8
.3
.3
.3
-.1
.4
-1.2
.4
1.0
-.8
-.6
.1
-6.2

.8
.9
2.1
3.7
4.8
.4
.3
.5
.2
-.5
.9
1.2
1.0
1.5

2.2
2.4
.4
1.5
17.6
-5.7
-.7
3.0
2.6
3.1
-1.1
1.3
3.3
4.1

9.7
16.9
10.1
6.9
2.3

17.2
12.5
29.8
12.4
3.8

10.4
10.1
8.0
11.9
5.6

5.0
11.2
7.7
1.2
-3.1

-1.2
-.5
9.8
-7.2
.0

-2.5
-1.8
.2
-4.2
1.3

.4
.5
1.4
-.2
-.6

.9
-.3
.9
1.3
-2.3

.9
1.9
.9
.4
1.0

5.7
7.5
10.4
2.4
.2

8.0
3.4

-2.1
2.4

.6
5.0

-.9
3.3

-8.9
-1.0

-.8
-.7

-1.2
.3

-.8
.5

1.2
-.9

.4
.7

-2.1
.8

3.4
4.8
5.4
.2
9.4
4.5
3.8
-3.4
3.9
7.7
-.2

1.1
3.5
7.0
1.7
16.0
2.7
-2.1
.2
-.2
-6.5
-4.2

4.7
4.5
5.6
-3.2
19.4
-.7
2.6
-7.3
2.5
4.7
5.4

7.6
7.0
10.3
4.7
20.6
5.1
1.7
-7.8
.3
4.4
9.1

4.3
4.9
6.6
-8.3
27.9
-1.9
2.3
-4.2
3.8
4.7
2.5

-3.1
-4.0
-3.9
-9.8
10.3
-11.6
-4.2
-13.3
2.8
-10.2
-.7

.5
.5
.4
-2.4
-1.9
3.3
.5
-9.1
-3.6
7.4
.7

-.3
-.5
-.3
-1.7
-.5
.4
-1.0
-2.6
-3.1
.2
.2

.5
.1
-.2
.2
-.9
.1
.5
.3
1.0
1.1
1.8

-.1
.8
.9
1.0
.8
.9
.5
.1
-.1
1.1
-2.4

.6
.5
.9
1.3
1.3
.5
-.1
-1.1
.0
-.4
.8

1.5
1.5
2.4
-4.7
11.2
-1.3
.0
-8.2
1.0
1.5
1.3

321
327
331
332
333
334

81.86
77.70
41.46
1.39
2.43
3.25
5.63
5.12
7.51

3.4
3.5
3.7
1.8
3.8
7.4
1.6
5.0
10.2

4.4
4.6
7.9
10.5
5.8
-2.3
6.1
8.2
18.3

3.4
3.6
4.7
-14.5
-1.9
-3.5
3.8
5.3
18.3

5.5
5.7
9.4
-10.8
-2.1
14.7
5.8
8.6
27.4

4.4
4.8
5.5
-11.8
-5.2
-6.8
5.3
19.9
20.6

-1.7
-2.1
-1.5
-25.5
-9.3
-28.2
-1.4
-3.1
14.6

.9
1.2
-.3
-8.3
-5.2
11.1
-.2
-9.9
3.8

-.6
-.7
-1.3
-1.8
-1.0
4.2
-.4
-5.1
-.2

.0
.1
.2
-.7
-3.0
1.0
.5
-.9
.2

.6
.6
.7
-1.9
1.7
.7
.8
1.9
.8

.5
.5
1.1
.6
-.3
.8
.1
-.3
2.0

1.9
2.1
2.7
-13.3
-5.7
-3.9
1.3
.8
13.8

Construction supplies
Business supplies
Materials
Non-energy
Durable
Consumer parts
Equipment parts
Other
Nondurable
Textile
Paper
Chemical
Energy

2005

Q3

100.00

3.0

3.2

3.5

6.5

57.43
29.36
7.16
3.33
.36
1.23
2.24
22.19
16.90
9.18
.59
4.83
1.79
5.29

2.6
1.8
-.2
-3.2
14.2
2.2
2.1
2.6
2.2
2.3
-10.5
3.8
3.2
3.7

4.8
2.7
2.3
-1.8
16.8
3.1
6.4
2.9
3.4
4.8
-.3
.9
2.2
1.7

2.6
1.1
-2.5
-4.6
13.1
-4.7
-.6
2.2
2.7
2.2
.7
3.8
3.3
.7

9.95
2.03
2.78
5.14
1.75

5.3
6.0
7.2
3.9
2.5

11.2
20.5
13.7
6.7
3.8

4.55
11.02

1.6
2.9

42.57
30.80
19.15
3.30
6.64
9.21
11.64
.60
2.30
5.49
11.77

Apr. ’06
to
Apr. ’07

Q4

Business equipment
Transit
Information processing
Industrial and other
Defense and space equipment

2006

2006
Q2

Monthly rate
2007
Jan.r

M ARKET G ROUPS
Final products and nonindustrial supplies
Consumer goods
Durable
Automotive products
Home electronics
Appliances, furniture, carpeting
Miscellaneous goods
Nondurable
Non-energy
Foods and tobacco
Clothing
Chemical products
Paper products
Energy

2004

Annual rate
2007
Q1r

Total IP

2006
proportion1

I NDUSTRY G ROUPS
Manufacturing
Manufacturing (NAICS)
Durable manufacturing
Wood products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metal
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Computer and electronic products
Electrical equip., appliances,
and components
Motor vehicles and parts
Aerospace and miscellaneous
transportation equipment
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous

335
3361–3

2.03
5.54

2.0
-1.6

3.8
.2

2.4
-3.8

6.5
.0

1.9
-9.8

-3.3
-4.0

5.5
-8.0

-.5
-5.9

.9
2.4

.4
.2

1.4
3.3

2.7
-1.9

3364–9
337
339

3.76
1.57
3.22

2.0
3.5
2.2

15.0
1.7
8.7

14.7
-1.2
4.8

14.8
6.9
4.9

12.4
-3.2
5.8

9.0
-6.9
7.9

11.3
-7.4
1.5

1.9
-.9
-.6

.4
-.5
-.5

-.4
.2
1.5

.8
-.2
1.6

9.7
-4.1
6.3

Nondurable manufacturing
Food, beverage, and tobacco products
Textile and product mills
Apparel and leather
Paper
Printing and support
Petroleum and coal products
Chemical
Plastics and rubber products

311,2
313,4
315,6
322
323
324
325
326

36.24
10.80
1.05
.64
2.61
2.05
3.83
11.81
3.46

3.2
1.2
-.7
-9.6
3.0
1.9
10.0
6.1
.8

.9
5.3
2.0
.4
-.1
1.9
-3.6
-2.5
3.0

2.3
2.6
-7.7
-.1
-.1
5.2
2.6
3.8
.2

1.7
.3
-6.7
4.1
-2.0
5.6
-4.4
5.1
5.5

4.1
1.1
-5.5
-1.4
2.1
-1.5
17.4
5.7
1.9

-2.9
7.4
-14.6
-3.9
-.4
8.4
-13.4
-7.5
-8.9

3.1
5.8
-7.5
-.2
-7.9
4.0
7.4
1.9
6.2

.1
.1
-1.3
1.7
-3.1
-.7
3.8
-.5
.7

-.1
.4
.0
-1.4
.5
.5
-2.7
.4
-.7

.5
.9
-.5
-.6
-.5
.1
.6
.3
1.1

-.2
-.5
-.4
.7
.0
.7
-2.8
.2
1.2

1.3
2.9
-8.1
-1.6
-1.2
2.9
2.2
.7
1.1

1133,5111

4.16

2.6

.6

.2

1.5

-3.9

7.5

-4.8

-.2

-.5

-.4

.7

-.8

21
2211,2
2211
2212

8.58
9.55
8.04
1.51

-.8
1.6
2.2
-1.4

-5.5
2.1
3.4
-3.4

8.0
.3
.0
1.9

7.9
14.3
11.5
28.8

.6
4.6
1.7
19.9

3.0
-3.6
-2.9
-7.3

-3.0
3.7
4.0
2.8

-2.3
2.5
2.1
4.6

.6
7.3
4.9
20.4

.1
-7.5
-5.8
-15.9

-.3
3.5
2.0
11.8

.8
2.5
.9
10.6

Other manufacturing (non-NAICS)
Mining
Utilities
Electric
Natural gas

31–33

r Revised. p Preliminary.
NOTE. Under the industry groups, the figures to the right of the series descriptions are 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. The abbreviation pt denotes part of
a NAICS code. Additional industry detail is available on the Board’s web site (www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17). Under market groups, in the products category, miscellaneous consumer
nondurables, oil and gas drilling, and manufactured homes are not shown separately; in the nondurable materials category, containers and miscellaneous nondurable materials are not shown
separately.
1. The proportion data are estimates of the relative contribution of each series to the growth of total industrial production in the following year.

7

Table 2
I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION : S PECIAL AGGREGATES AND S ELECTED D ETAIL
Percent change, seasonally adjusted

Fourth quarter to
fourth quarter
Item

2006

Q3

Q4

Feb.

3.2

3.5

6.5

4.0

-1.5

.9

-.5

.8

-.3

.7

1.9

1.5
3.7
4.5
8.3
2.1
-1.3

-1.8
1.7
.5
11.8
-2.5
-4.9

4.0
.7
2.3
14.7
2.2
6.8

8.7
6.1
6.9
31.6
18.1
5.3

5.8
10.9
8.7
11.8
6.7
.8

-2.8
-8.0
-2.5
.5
-8.9
3.4

2.5
7.2
-.6
8.6
1.4
.4

1.2
2.4
3.3
1.3
.8
.0

3.2
7.0
2.7
.6
4.0
.8

-3.7
-6.2
-5.2
-.4
-4.0
-1.6

.9
1.5
1.1
-1.4
2.4
.1

2.1
4.1
.8
5.1
2.0
.9

79.47

3.3

4.6

3.3

5.9

3.5

-1.1

.5

-.9

.2

.6

.7

1.8

3341
3342

4.84
1.20
1.06

10.4
6.6
6.2

28.1
30.4
12.9

24.6
12.1
14.8

33.7
48.2
38.8

27.3
2.3
6.6

24.7
24.4
9.6

10.2
37.0
27.2

.6
2.8
2.1

.3
3.6
2.5

1.8
3.2
2.0

2.6
2.2
.5

21.6
24.5
15.3

334412–9

2.58

13.7

33.8

34.8

25.7

51.3

31.1

-6.6

-1.1

-2.2

1.0

3.8

22.6

74.63

2.8

3.1

1.9

4.2

2.0

-2.7

-.2

-1.0

.2

.5

.5

.5

5.54
2.41
2.72

-1.6
-3.0
-1.1

.2
-2.5
1.3

-3.8
-6.0
-.2

.0
-2.0
7.1

-9.8
-16.9
-3.5

-4.0
-5.2
-3.4

-8.0
-11.1
-4.3

-5.9
-9.5
-2.7

2.4
5.6
.3

.2
-.5
1.0

3.3
5.8
1.6

-1.9
-2.3
-.9

69.09
20.91
7.81
4.52
7.93
26.14

3.2
2.4
4.4
1.5
2.1
4.4

3.4
3.6
8.9
8.0
3.1
.7

2.4
1.8
10.2
-2.2
1.0
2.3

4.5
2.6
14.6
.3
3.1
4.8

3.1
2.7
13.0
-1.0
-.3
2.3

-2.6
2.0
4.0
-9.1
-1.8
-7.0

.4
1.7
-3.2
-1.1
-.6
1.3

-.6
-.3
-2.7
-1.2
-.6
-.3

.0
.0
.0
-.9
-.1
.2

.5
.3
1.0
1.2
.6
.7

.3
.3
.6
.4
.4
.1

.7
1.6
4.9
-2.3
-.2
-.2

Measures excluding selected
high-technology industries
Total industry
Manufacturing1
Durable

95.16
77.02
36.79

2.5
3.0
2.8

1.9
2.9
5.2

2.4
2.0
2.0

5.2
3.8
6.2

2.9
3.0
2.5

-2.7
-3.3
-4.7

.4
.3
-1.6

-.5
-.7
-1.5

.8
.0
.2

-.4
.5
.5

.6
.4
.9

.9
.7
.3

Measures excluding motor vehicles
and parts
Total industry
Manufacturing1
Durable

94.46
76.32
36.09

3.3
3.9
4.8

3.4
4.7
9.3

3.9
3.9
6.0

6.9
5.9
10.9

4.9
5.5
7.9

-1.3
-1.5
-1.0

1.4
1.6
1.0

-.2
-.3
-.6

.7
-.1
-.1

-.3
.6
.8

.6
.3
.8

2.1
2.2
3.5

Measures excluding selected
high-technology industries
and motor vehicles and parts
Total industry
Manufacturing1

89.62
71.48

2.9
3.4

2.1
3.1

2.8
2.5

5.5
4.1

3.7
4.0

-2.7
-3.2

.9
1.0

-.2
-.3

.7
-.1

-.4
.5

.4
.1

1.1
.9

Stage-of-process components
of non-energy materials,
measures of the input to
Finished processors
Primary and semifinished processors

12.85
17.95

5.2
4.4

8.3
-.1

9.0
1.3

11.2
3.9

11.9
.1

2.6
-8.6

-2.7
2.8

-1.4
.1

-.2
.3

.7
.8

1.0
.2

4.3
-.5

Non-energy
Selected high-technology industries
Computers and peripheral equipment
Communications equipment
Semiconductors and related
electronic components
Excluding selected high-technology
industries
Motor vehicles and parts
Motor vehicles
Motor vehicle parts
Excluding motor vehicles and parts
Consumer goods
Business equipment
Construction supplies
Business supplies
Materials

3361–3
3361
3363

100.00

3.0

20.53
5.29
2.74
.72
3.79
7.98

Apr. ’06
to
Apr. ’07

2007
Jan.r

213111

2005

Monthly rate
2007
Q1r

Energy
Consumer products
Commercial products
Oil and gas well drilling
Converted fuel
Primary materials

2004

Annual rate
2006
Q2

Total industry

2006
proportion

r

Mar.

r

Apr.

p

r Revised. p Preliminary.
1. Refer to note on cover page.

Table 3
M OTOR V EHICLE A SSEMBLIES
Millions of units, seasonally adjusted annual rate

2006
average

2006
Q2

Q3

Q4

2007
Q1

2007
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Total
Autos
Trucks
Light
Medium and heavy

11.26
4.37
6.89
6.43
.46

11.56
4.35
7.21
6.76
.45

10.98
4.28
6.69
6.21
.49

10.96
4.38
6.57
6.13
.45

10.52
3.93
6.60
6.24
.35

10.27
4.14
6.13
5.75
.38

10.69
3.89
6.80
6.44
.36

10.60
3.75
6.85
6.54
.31

11.17
3.80
7.37
7.02
.35

Memo
Autos and light trucks

10.80

11.11

10.49

10.51

10.17

9.89

10.33

10.29

10.82

Item

NOTE. Seasonal factors and underlying data for auto, light truck, and medium and heavy truck production are available on the Board’s web site, www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17/mvsf.htm

8

Table 4
I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION I NDEXES : M ARKET AND I NDUSTRY G ROUP S UMMARY
2002 = 100, seasonally adjusted

2006
proportion

2006
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

2007
Jan.r

Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.p

100.00

112.5

112.2

112.0

111.5

112.2

111.7

112.6

112.2

113.0

57.43
29.36
7.16
3.33
.36
1.23
2.24
22.19
16.90
9.18
.59
4.83
1.79
5.29

112.5
107.8
106.2
99.6
168.2
105.4
109.5
108.2
107.7
108.7
79.5
112.4
101.0
109.8

112.2
107.6
105.4
98.4
174.1
103.4
109.2
108.2
108.3
109.8
79.1
112.1
102.0
108.4

112.0
107.3
102.8
94.5
171.1
102.0
108.3
108.7
108.7
110.2
80.0
111.6
104.7
109.0

111.9
107.6
104.4
98.2
173.1
101.9
107.5
108.5
108.8
111.2
79.1
110.4
103.9
107.8

112.6
107.8
106.2
100.6
180.7
102.2
108.4
108.2
109.8
111.8
78.9
112.9
103.3
103.7

111.9
107.4
103.1
95.2
184.6
100.5
107.4
108.7
109.7
112.1
80.4
111.8
103.3
106.1

113.0
109.2
104.9
98.8
197.5
100.2
106.5
110.5
109.8
112.6
79.3
110.9
104.0
113.5

112.5
108.3
105.2
99.1
198.1
100.2
106.9
109.2
110.2
113.7
78.7
110.2
104.1
106.5

113.4
109.3
107.4
102.7
207.6
100.6
107.2
109.8
110.4
113.1
79.4
111.5
105.1
108.1

9.95
2.03
2.78
5.14
1.75

128.6
141.2
139.5
118.4
113.0

128.5
140.7
140.8
117.8
113.6

128.4
141.1
141.9
116.9
113.3

129.5
146.0
142.5
117.0
112.0

132.1
146.8
144.0
120.7
112.5

128.8
144.2
144.4
115.6
113.9

129.4
144.8
146.4
115.4
113.2

130.5
144.4
147.8
117.0
110.6

131.7
147.2
149.2
117.5
111.7

4.55
11.02

111.3
111.5

110.3
110.8

108.4
111.9

107.4
110.5

109.7
110.3

108.4
110.6

107.5
111.2

108.8
110.2

109.3
111.0

42.57
30.80
19.15
3.30
6.64
9.21
11.64
.60
2.30
5.49
11.77

112.6
117.6
125.9
101.1
166.6
110.6
104.9
86.7
100.8
111.7
100.9

112.2
117.4
125.9
100.0
168.5
110.1
104.5
84.8
101.4
110.5
100.0

112.0
116.4
124.9
97.5
169.6
108.6
103.7
83.8
100.9
108.5
101.3

111.0
115.4
123.7
97.6
170.0
106.1
102.9
82.6
100.7
107.3
100.6

111.7
116.6
124.7
98.5
170.8
107.3
104.2
83.3
103.2
108.7
100.2

111.3
115.9
124.4
96.8
169.8
107.8
103.2
81.1
100.1
108.9
100.5

111.9
116.0
124.1
97.0
168.4
107.9
103.7
81.3
101.0
110.1
102.3

111.8
116.9
125.2
98.0
169.7
108.9
104.2
81.4
100.9
111.3
99.9

112.5
117.5
126.4
99.3
172.0
109.5
104.1
80.5
100.9
110.9
100.7

321
327
331
332
333
334

81.86
77.70
41.46
1.39
2.43
3.25
5.63
5.12
7.51

114.3
115.4
122.6
107.4
113.3
114.5
110.7
121.0
174.0

114.3
115.3
122.2
104.8
110.6
112.8
110.5
120.6
177.2

113.4
114.3
121.2
100.4
109.1
109.2
110.5
118.1
179.3

113.2
114.1
121.3
98.0
109.1
103.8
109.7
117.6
180.0

114.4
115.4
122.7
100.3
111.0
102.7
109.8
122.6
181.7

113.7
114.7
121.2
98.5
109.8
107.1
109.3
116.4
181.3

113.8
114.7
121.4
97.8
106.6
108.2
109.8
115.3
181.7

114.4
115.4
122.3
96.0
108.4
108.9
110.7
117.5
183.0

115.0
116.0
123.6
96.5
108.0
109.8
110.8
117.2
186.7

335
3361–3

2.03
5.54

107.6
102.2

105.1
100.9

105.5
97.3

105.1
100.7

107.1
102.4

106.5
96.4

107.5
98.7

107.9
99.0

109.4
102.3

3364–9
337
339

3.76
1.57
3.22

124.6
106.4
118.1

125.2
104.7
118.0

126.3
104.2
118.8

127.7
103.4
120.0

128.3
102.7
121.0

130.7
101.8
120.2

131.2
101.3
119.6

130.8
101.4
121.3

131.8
101.2
123.2

311,2
313,4
315,6
322
323
324
325
326

36.24
10.80
1.05
.64
2.61
2.05
3.83
11.81
3.46

107.5
108.9
92.8
80.6
98.7
102.7
112.8
112.4
107.1

107.8
110.1
91.3
80.2
99.3
103.1
115.3
111.7
106.1

106.7
110.6
89.8
80.9
98.3
104.1
110.4
110.1
104.4

106.2
111.5
88.6
80.0
97.9
104.3
108.5
108.8
103.9

107.4
112.2
88.6
79.7
99.5
106.3
108.9
110.5
105.6

107.5
112.3
87.4
81.1
96.4
105.6
113.0
109.9
106.3

107.4
112.8
87.4
80.0
96.9
106.1
110.0
110.3
105.5

107.9
113.9
87.0
79.5
96.4
106.2
110.7
110.7
106.7

107.7
113.3
86.7
80.1
96.4
106.9
107.6
110.9
108.0

1133,5111

4.16

97.0

97.2

99.6

99.4

98.7

98.4

98.0

97.6

98.2

21
2211,2
2211
2212

8.58
9.55
8.04
1.51

99.9
108.8
111.0
98.4

101.0
104.5
105.5
100.0

100.9
109.8
110.6
106.0

100.7
106.8
108.8
97.6

102.5
102.5
105.8
87.0

100.2
105.1
108.1
91.0

100.8
112.7
113.4
109.6

100.9
104.3
106.9
92.1

100.6
107.9
109.0
102.9

Item
Total IP
M ARKET G ROUPS
Final products and nonindustrial supplies
Consumer goods
Durable
Automotive products
Home electronics
Appliances, furniture, carpeting
Miscellaneous goods
Nondurable
Non-energy
Foods and tobacco
Clothing
Chemical products
Paper products
Energy
Business equipment
Transit
Information processing
Industrial and other
Defense and space equipment
Construction supplies
Business supplies
Materials
Non-energy
Durable
Consumer parts
Equipment parts
Other
Nondurable
Textile
Paper
Chemical
Energy
I NDUSTRY G ROUPS
Manufacturing
Manufacturing (NAICS)
Durable manufacturing
Wood products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metal
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Computer and electronic products
Electrical equip., appliances,
and components
Motor vehicles and parts
Aerospace and miscellaneous
transportation equipment
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous
Nondurable manufacturing
Food, beverage, and tobacco products
Textile and product mills
Apparel and leather
Paper
Printing and support
Petroleum and coal products
Chemical
Plastics and rubber products
Other manufacturing (non-NAICS)
Mining
Utilities
Electric
Natural gas

31–33

r Revised. p Preliminary.
NOTE. Refer to notes on table 1.

9

Table 5
I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION I NDEXES : S PECIAL AGGREGATES
2002 = 100, seasonally adjusted

2006
proportion

2006
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

2007
Jan.r

Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.p

100.00

112.5

112.2

112.0

111.5

112.2

111.7

112.6

112.2

113.0

20.53
5.29
2.74
.72
3.79
7.98

106.0
109.8
115.6
170.5
106.3
98.2

104.9
108.4
114.0
171.6
102.4
98.7

106.4
109.0
118.5
170.6
104.9
99.5

104.9
107.8
113.0
167.7
102.9
99.3

103.3
103.7
110.0
170.3
101.3
99.5

104.6
106.1
113.7
172.6
102.1
99.5

108.0
113.5
116.7
173.7
106.2
100.3

104.0
106.5
110.7
173.0
101.9
98.7

105.0
108.1
111.9
170.6
104.4
98.8

79.47

114.2

114.1

113.5

113.3

114.6

113.6

113.7

114.4

115.2

3341
3342

4.84
1.20
1.06

204.3
153.7
149.3

210.7
158.3
154.2

214.4
161.4
152.9

216.2
163.7
155.0

218.6
166.6
157.8

219.9
171.3
161.1

220.6
177.5
165.1

224.5
183.1
168.4

230.4
187.1
169.3

334412–9

2.58

262.9

271.2

278.4

279.4

281.0

278.0

271.9

274.7

285.1

74.63

109.5

109.1

108.3

108.1

109.4

108.2

108.4

109.0

109.5

5.54
2.41
2.72

102.2
101.7
100.8

100.9
99.3
100.2

97.3
93.8
98.1

100.7
99.7
99.5

102.4
102.2
100.4

96.4
92.4
97.7

98.7
97.6
98.0

99.0
97.1
99.0

102.3
102.7
100.6

69.09
20.91
7.81
4.52
7.93
26.14

110.1
108.0
122.9
110.8
106.2
109.5

109.8
108.4
122.2
109.8
105.7
109.0

109.3
108.4
122.3
107.9
105.6
107.9

108.7
108.4
123.0
106.8
105.4
106.5

110.0
109.4
125.6
109.2
106.1
107.6

109.3
109.1
122.2
107.9
105.4
107.3

109.2
109.1
122.2
106.9
105.3
107.5

109.8
109.4
123.4
108.2
105.9
108.3

110.2
109.7
124.2
108.7
106.3
108.4

95.16
77.02
36.79

108.7
109.7
113.5

108.2
109.4
112.6

107.9
108.4
111.2

107.4
108.2
111.2

108.0
109.3
112.6

107.4
108.5
110.9

108.3
108.6
111.1

107.9
109.1
111.7

108.5
109.5
112.7

94.46
76.32
36.09

113.2
115.3
126.3

112.9
115.4
126.1

113.0
114.8
125.5

112.2
114.3
125.0

112.9
115.4
126.5

112.7
115.1
125.8

113.5
115.0
125.6

113.1
115.7
126.6

113.7
116.0
127.6

89.62
71.48

109.1
110.3

108.6
110.1

108.6
109.3

107.8
108.8

108.4
109.9

108.1
109.5

108.9
109.4

108.4
109.9

108.9
110.1

12.85
17.95

128.9
109.3

129.4
108.7

128.8
107.5

128.9
105.8

130.1
106.9

128.3
107.0

128.0
107.3

128.9
108.2

130.2
108.4

Item
Total industry
Energy
Consumer products
Commercial products
Oil and gas well drilling
Converted fuel
Primary materials

213111

Non-energy
Selected high-technology industries
Computers and peripheral equipment
Communications equipment
Semiconductors and related
electronic components
Excluding selected high-technology
industries
Motor vehicles and parts
Motor vehicles
Motor vehicle parts

3361–3
3361
3363

Excluding motor vehicles and parts
Consumer goods
Business equipment
Construction supplies
Business supplies
Materials

Measures excluding selected high-technology
industries
Total industry
Manufacturing1
Durable
Measures excluding motor vehicles and parts
Total industry
Manufacturing1
Durable
Measures excluding selected high-technology
industries and motor vehicles and parts
Total industry
Manufacturing1

Stage-of-process components of non-energy
materials, measures of the input to
Finished processors
Primary and semifinished processors
r Revised. p Preliminary.
1. Refer to note on cover page.

Table 6
D IFFUSION I NDEXES OF I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION
Percent

Item
One month earlier
2005
2006
2007
Three months earlier
2005
2006
2007
Six months earlier
2005
2006
2007

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

54.8
63.4
46.9

50.5
48.2
56.4

52.1
58.7
58.4

52.5
60.4

56.4
50.2

56.1
61.1

56.8
59.4

51.2
51.2

61.1
46.5

58.4
41.6

58.4
43.2

52.1
59.4

58.7
61.4
45.2

61.4
56.8
55.1

54.8
63.0
51.8

53.1
59.7

57.8
56.1

60.1
61.1

57.8
58.1

57.8
57.4

56.8
52.5

56.1
43.2

56.4
36.6

57.8
45.5

58.7
59.1
36.3

57.4
57.4
43.6

59.7
64.0
41.9

58.1
63.0

62.7
62.0

59.1
64.0

61.1
61.4

55.8
64.4

62.4
59.4

63.0
47.5

59.4
44.2

56.4
46.9

NOTE. The diffusion indexes are calculated as the percentage of series that increased over the indicated span (one, three, or six months) plus one-half the percentage that were unchanged.

10

Table 7
C APACITY U TILIZATION
Percent of capacity, seasonally adjusted

2006
proportion

19722006
ave.

198889
high

199495
high

200102
low

2006
Q2

Q3

Q4

2007
Q1r

2007
Jan.r

Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.p

100.00

81.0

85.0

85.1

73.6

82.0

82.3

81.5

81.3

81.1

81.6

81.2

81.6

31–33

82.52
78.53

79.8
79.6

85.4
85.3

84.6
84.7

71.6
71.0

80.6
80.4

80.9
80.8

80.1
79.9

79.8
79.6

79.8
79.6

79.7
79.5

80.0
79.8

80.2
80.0

321
327
331
332
333
334

42.55
1.41
2.34
2.86
5.63
5.14
8.43

78.0
80.2
79.5
80.8
77.3
78.7
78.3

84.5
88.2
85.1
93.8
81.6
85.2
81.4

84.2
87.7
84.1
95.6
85.1
87.6
84.3

68.1
71.0
75.8
68.5
69.2
63.7
58.6

79.3
83.3
84.1
89.9
79.9
79.0
76.1

79.5
80.4
82.3
88.8
80.7
82.1
77.2

78.5
74.3
79.6
82.2
80.2
80.9
77.3

77.7
72.5
78.0
84.6
79.9
78.3
75.4

77.6
73.4
79.3
83.9
79.5
78.5
76.0

77.5
72.8
76.8
84.7
79.8
77.6
75.3

77.8
71.4
78.0
85.2
80.4
78.8
74.9

78.4
71.8
77.6
85.8
80.3
78.4
75.5

335
3361–3

1.90
5.92

83.2
77.5

89.1
89.7

93.1
89.0

71.8
68.9

85.3
77.8

85.4
75.6

84.3
74.7

85.0
73.5

84.5
72.1

85.2
74.0

85.4
74.4

86.5
77.1

3364–9
337
339

3.96
1.61
3.36

72.5
78.5
76.7

87.1
82.2
82.5

68.5
82.9
81.3

62.8
67.8
70.6

75.8
80.0
77.7

77.6
79.5
78.1

78.8
78.3
78.8

80.4
76.8
78.3

80.5
77.1
78.5

80.6
76.7
77.7

80.2
76.8
78.6

80.6
76.5
79.5

311,2
313,4
315,6
322
323
324
325
326

35.98
10.67
1.09
.70
2.46
2.08
3.77
12.01
3.20

81.7
81.6
82.3
78.7
87.8
83.7
86.2
78.3
83.9

86.8
85.9
91.2
84.3
92.5
91.8
89.0
85.1
89.8

85.4
84.1
91.4
87.1
92.0
86.4
90.6
81.4
91.9

74.9
75.6
68.8
59.5
78.9
72.7
83.7
70.2
75.1

81.8
81.2
78.9
73.6
84.8
80.1
89.3
78.5
87.9

82.4
81.1
78.3
74.1
85.4
79.3
93.1
79.5
87.5

81.6
82.2
75.8
74.1
85.5
80.5
90.1
77.7
84.8

82.0
82.9
74.8
74.8
83.9
80.8
92.0
77.9
85.3

82.0
82.6
74.7
75.4
83.7
80.7
93.4
77.7
85.7

81.9
82.8
74.9
74.6
84.2
80.9
90.9
77.9
84.8

82.2
83.5
74.7
74.4
83.8
80.9
91.6
78.1
85.6

82.0
82.9
74.6
75.1
83.8
81.3
89.0
78.2
86.4

1133,5111

3.99

84.7

91.0

83.3

81.3

84.3

83.2

84.6

83.3

83.8

83.3

82.9

83.4

21
2211,2

8.25
9.23

87.4
86.7

86.1
92.7

88.9
93.7

84.8
83.8

91.0
85.9

90.9
86.4

91.3
85.0

90.4
85.4

90.1
83.7

90.5
89.6

90.6
82.8

90.3
85.7

3341
3342

5.48
1.39
1.29

78.0
78.1
75.4

80.8
79.9
80.8

87.4
84.2
86.6

56.2
62.8
40.2

77.2
74.6
70.8

78.7
74.5
71.8

79.7
78.3
73.3

78.0
83.0
77.5

78.6
81.1
75.9

77.7
83.2
77.6

77.8
84.7
79.0

78.6
85.1
79.1

334412–9

2.80

80.6

82.9

93.5

58.1

81.3

83.5

82.7

75.5

78.1

74.7

73.7

74.9

Measures excluding selected
high-technology industries
Total industry
Manufacturing1

94.52
77.04

81.2
79.9

85.4
85.9

85.0
84.5

74.7
72.8

82.3
80.9

82.6
81.3

81.8
80.3

81.6
80.2

81.4
80.1

81.9
80.0

81.5
80.3

82.0
80.6

S TAGE - OF - PROCESS GROUPS
Crude
Primary and semifinished
Finished

12.41
48.00
39.59

86.5
82.2
77.8

88.1
86.5
82.8

89.5
88.2
80.5

82.0
74.6
70.0

88.8
83.9
77.6

89.4
84.1
77.9

89.1
82.3
78.2

88.9
82.0
78.1

88.2
81.9
77.9

89.2
82.5
78.1

89.3
81.5
78.3

88.8
82.1
78.8

Item

Total industry
1

Manufacturing
Manufacturing (NAICS)
Durable manufacturing
Wood products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metal
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Computer and electronic products
Electrical equip., appliances,
and components
Motor vehicles and parts
Aerospace and miscellaneous
transportation equipment
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous
Nondurable manufacturing
Food, beverage, and tobacco products
Textile and product mills
Apparel and leather
Paper
Printing and support
Petroleum and coal products
Chemical
Plastics and rubber products
Other manufacturing (non-NAICS)
Mining
Utilities

Selected high-technology industries
Computers and peripheral equipment
Communications equipment
Semiconductors and related
electronic components

r Revised. p Preliminary.
1. Refer to note on cover page.

11

Table 8
I NDUSTRIAL C APACITY
Percent change

Item

197279

Average annual rate
1980198988
94

Fourth quarter to fourth quarter
19952007

2004

2005

2006

2007

2006
Q3

Annual rate
2007
Q4
Q1

Q2

Monthly rate
2007
Apr.

Total industry

3.1

2.0

2.3

3.3

.1

1.1

2.4

2.1

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

.2

Manufacturing1

3.3

2.3

2.6

3.7

.0

1.7

2.7

2.4

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

.2

Mining
Utilities

.8
4.3

.1
2.1

-.9
1.6

-.5
2.2

-.3
2.6

-1.7
.0

.6
2.1

.7
1.3

1.0
2.5

1.1
2.5

1.0
2.1

.6
1.3

.0
.1

20.9

19.1

17.3

27.3

4.3

18.3

19.6

20.9

18.2

18.5

19.8

21.1

1.6

2.6

1.3

1.6

1.7

-.2

.6

1.4

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

.1

1.7
3.0
3.9

.3
1.4
3.5

-.4
2.6
2.7

-.1
3.9
3.5

-.1
.4
.5

-1.1
1.4
2.0

.3
3.0
2.3

.7
2.5
2.2

.5
3.1
2.2

.5
3.0
2.1

.6
2.8
2.1

.6
2.5
2.2

.0
.2
.2

Selected high-technology industries
Manufacturing1 ex. selected
high-technology industries

S TAGE - OF - PROCESS GROUPS
Crude
Primary and semifinished
Finished
p Preliminary.
1. Refer to note on cover page.

Table 9
G ROSS VALUE OF F INAL P RODUCTS AND N ONINDUSTRIAL S UPPLIES
Billions of 2000 dollars at annual rate, seasonally adjusted

2000

2006

2006
Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

2007
Q1r

2007
Jan.r

Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.p

2,812.5

3,043.0

3,012.9

3,045.3

3,075.0

3,060.2

3,066.8

3,052.7

3,083.4

3,064.4

3,085.4

2,112.0
1,480.7
471.7
278.9
192.9
1,009.0

2,302.3
1,606.0
504.6
296.1
208.2
1,097.5

2,276.5
1,600.7
511.4
303.3
207.9
1,087.3

2,302.5
1,607.9
511.4
301.5
209.6
1,094.0

2,327.4
1,619.6
503.1
293.1
209.6
1,111.5

2,321.5
1,610.7
498.2
291.1
206.7
1,107.0

2,328.4
1,624.0
496.9
289.9
206.6
1,120.5

2,314.7
1,611.7
489.4
282.5
206.3
1,115.1

2,342.9
1,638.0
500.4
293.3
206.8
1,130.8

2,327.6
1,622.2
500.8
293.9
206.6
1,115.7

2,345.1
1,632.9
513.8
305.3
208.4
1,115.0

Equipment, total
Business and defense
Business
Defense and space

631.3
614.9
556.8
58.2

706.0
689.1
619.8
71.4

683.0
666.1
596.4
71.0

704.0
686.5
617.0
71.5

718.4
701.3
631.4
72.2

722.2
706.0
637.4
71.4

714.5
697.5
628.1
71.7

713.5
696.5
626.3
72.3

714.4
697.2
627.2
72.1

715.6
698.7
630.9
70.7

722.7
706.4
638.1
71.2

Nonindustrial supplies
Construction supplies
Business supplies
Commercial energy products

700.5
197.2
503.3
136.0

741.1
207.8
533.2
154.7

736.6
209.3
527.2
152.4

743.1
209.6
533.4
154.4

748.1
209.2
538.9
157.7

739.6
204.0
535.7
156.3

739.4
203.7
535.9
155.9

738.7
204.0
534.9
155.9

741.7
202.5
539.5
159.7

737.9
204.7
533.2
152.0

741.5
205.7
535.8
153.0

Item
Final products and nonindustrial
supplies
Final products
Consumer goods
Durable
Automotive products
Other durable goods
Nondurable

r Revised. p Preliminary.

Table 10
G ROSS -VALUE -W EIGHTED I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION : S TAGE - OF -P ROCESS G ROUPS
Percent change, seasonally adjusted

Fourth quarter to
fourth quarter
Item

Finished
Semifinished
Primary
Crude

2006
gross value1

2004

2005

1980.5
1754.9
992.6
420.0

2.4
2.4
4.5
5.2

5.6
6.2
-.8
-8.3

Annual rate

2006

2006
Q2

Q3

3.4
2.5
.1
7.1

6.1
5.9
4.4
6.5

2.3
5.7
5.0
2.5

r Revised. p Preliminary.
1. Billions of 2000 dollars.

12

Monthly rate

Q4

2007
Q1r

2007
Jan.r

Feb.

2.3
-2.7
-13.3
-3.4

-.9
-.6
5.5
1.3

-2.0
-.4
2.4
-1.5

.6
.6
1.3
1.4

r

Mar.

r

.1
-.2
-1.7
.7

Apr.

p

1.1
1.0
.1
-.5

Apr. ’06
to
Apr. ’07
2.1
1.4
.2
1.1

Table 11
H ISTORICAL S TATISTICS FOR I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION , C APACITY, AND U TILIZATION : Total Industry
Seasonally adjusted

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Annual

IP (percent
change)1
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

-.3
.5
-.3
.0
.2

.4
-.8
1.3
.4
-.5

.2
-.6
.2
.3
.3

-.2
.1
.6
.5
.0

.1
.2
.7
-.1
-.7

.1
-.3
.5
.2
.0

-.6
.6
.6
.2
-.9

.5
-.2
.7
.5
1.0

.4
.2
.3
-.3
-.3

-.4
.4
1.5
.6
-.1

.3
.5
.5
.2
.3

1.0
.9
.5
.4
.7

1.2
2.4
5.4
3.4
1.5

.7
-2.4
7.2
3.4
-1.8

-.5
1.7
7.3
2.1
-2.4

2.7
4.6
9.9
3.3
1.8

1.4
1.1
5.1
5.1
.9

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

-.6
-.5
-.5
.5
.5

.9
-.7
.7
.3
.0

.5
-.5
.8
.0
1.0

-.1
.2
.7
.3
.5

.2
1.0
.4
-.4
.5

.3
1.0
.1
.3
.7

-.2
.0
.8
.4
.2

.3
.2
-.5
.0
.5

.2
.9
.2
.5
.3

-.7
-.2
.7
.8
.9

-1.2
-.1
.4
.4
.7

-.7
-.3
.1
.6
1.1

3.0
-7.6
-.3
3.7
5.6

2.8
2.7
7.1
1.1
7.3

1.4
5.7
3.1
2.4
5.1

-5.9
1.0
4.0
6.4
8.3

1.0
-1.5
2.9
3.4
5.5

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

.4
-.8
.2
.5
.6

.1
1.5
1.2
.1
.5

.1
-.2
.8
.0
.2

-.1
.9
-.1
.5
.2

.2
.7
.6
.7
.8

.3
.9
.4
-.5
-.1

-.4
-.2
.5
-.3
.7

1.3
.7
1.3
2.2
.5

.4
.5
.9
-.2
-.4

-.2
.0
.8
.7
1.3

.3
.9
1.0
-.1
.6

.3
.7
.4
.4
.9

6.0
2.0
8.3
4.7
4.9

1.0
8.4
5.5
3.3
4.0

3.8
5.2
9.0
3.8
4.4

3.5
6.1
11.1
5.3
8.2

5.0
4.3
7.2
6.1
4.7

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004

.1
-.7
.5
.6
.2

.4
-.6
.1
.3
.7

.4
-.4
.8
-.2
-.6

.8
-.3
.4
-.8
.6

.3
-.7
.4
-.1
.6

.1
-.6
.9
.2
-.7

-.3
-.4
-.3
.4
.6

-.3
-.4
.2
-.1
.2

.5
-.4
.1
.5
-.2

-.5
-.6
-.3
-.1
.7

.0
-.5
.4
.8
.2

-.4
.0
-.4
.0
.6

5.3
-5.7
2.7
2.3
3.3

5.9
-5.4
6.4
-3.2
2.5

-.5
-5.6
2.3
2.5
1.8

-1.6
-5.1
-.4
3.3
4.3

4.5
-3.5
.0
1.1
2.5

2005
2006
2007

.3
.0
-.5

.6
.3
.8

-.1
.5
-.3

.1
.9
.7

.4
-.1

.6
.9

.0
.4

.3
.2

-1.6
-.3

1.2
-.2

1.1
-.4

.8
.6

4.6
5.0
.9

2.8
6.5

.8
4.0

4.7
-1.5

3.2
3.9

IP (2002=100)
2005
2006
2007

105.6
109.1
111.7

106.2
109.4
112.6

106.1
110.0
112.2

106.2
110.9
113.0

106.6
110.9

107.3
111.9

107.3
112.3

107.6
112.5

105.8
112.2

107.1
112.0

108.2
111.5

109.1
112.2

106.0
109.5
112.2

106.7
111.2

106.9
112.3

108.1
111.9

106.9
111.1

Capacity
(percent of
2002 output)
2005
2006
2007

132.7
134.6
137.8

132.7
134.8
138.0

132.8
135.1
138.2

132.9
135.4
138.5

133.0
135.7

133.1
136.0

133.2
136.2

133.4
136.5

133.6
136.8

133.8
137.0

134.1
137.3

134.3
137.5

132.7
134.9
138.0

133.0
135.7

133.4
136.5

134.1
137.3

133.3
136.1

Utilization
(percent)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

80.0
79.8
79.0
83.2
85.0

80.1
79.0
79.9
83.5
84.5

80.0
78.4
79.9
83.6
84.6

79.7
78.4
80.2
84.0
84.4

79.6
78.4
80.5
83.9
83.7

79.4
78.1
80.8
84.0
83.6

78.7
78.5
81.1
84.1
82.6

78.9
78.3
81.6
84.5
83.3

79.1
78.3
81.6
84.2
82.8

78.6
78.6
82.7
84.6
82.6

78.8
78.8
83.0
84.7
82.7

79.5
79.4
83.3
84.9
83.1

80.0
79.1
79.6
83.4
84.7

79.6
78.3
80.5
84.0
83.9

78.9
78.4
81.4
84.2
82.9

79.0
78.9
83.0
84.7
82.8

79.4
78.7
81.1
84.1
83.6

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

82.4
79.7
79.0
81.1
82.6

83.0
79.0
79.4
81.3
82.4

83.2
78.5
79.9
81.1
83.1

82.9
78.6
80.3
81.3
83.3

82.9
79.3
80.4
80.9
83.5

83.0
79.9
80.3
81.0
83.8

82.7
79.8
80.8
81.2
83.7

82.8
79.8
80.3
81.1
83.8

82.8
80.4
80.3
81.4
83.8

82.1
80.1
80.8
81.8
84.2

80.9
79.9
80.9
82.0
84.4

80.2
79.5
80.8
82.3
85.1

82.9
79.1
79.4
81.2
82.7

82.9
79.3
80.3
81.1
83.5

82.7
80.0
80.5
81.2
83.8

81.1
79.9
80.8
82.1
84.6

82.4
79.6
80.3
81.4
83.6

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

85.1
82.3
83.3
84.3
82.1

84.8
83.2
83.8
83.9
82.1

84.6
82.6
84.1
83.3
81.9

84.1
83.0
83.6
83.2
81.8

84.0
83.2
83.6
83.2
82.1

83.9
83.6
83.5
82.3
81.6

83.2
83.0
83.5
81.6
81.8

84.0
83.2
84.0
82.9
81.9

84.0
83.3
84.3
82.3
81.3

83.5
83.0
84.4
82.5
82.0

83.4
83.3
84.7
82.0
82.2

83.3
83.5
84.5
81.9
82.6

84.8
82.7
83.7
83.8
82.0

84.0
83.3
83.6
82.9
81.8

83.7
83.2
83.9
82.3
81.7

83.4
83.3
84.5
82.2
82.3

84.0
83.1
83.9
82.8
81.9

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004

82.3
79.2
73.8
75.7
77.2

82.3
78.5
73.8
76.0
77.8

82.3
78.0
74.3
75.9
77.3

82.6
77.5
74.5
75.4
77.8

82.5
76.8
74.7
75.4
78.2

82.3
76.2
75.4
75.7
77.7

81.8
75.7
75.1
76.0
78.1

81.3
75.3
75.2
76.0
78.3

81.4
74.8
75.3
76.4
78.2

80.8
74.2
75.1
76.4
78.7

80.5
73.7
75.5
77.1
78.9

79.9
73.6
75.2
77.1
79.4

82.3
78.5
74.0
75.9
77.5

82.5
76.9
74.9
75.5
77.9

81.5
75.3
75.2
76.1
78.2

80.4
73.8
75.3
76.8
79.0

81.7
76.1
74.8
76.1
78.1

2005
2006
2007

79.6
81.1
81.1

80.0
81.1
81.6

79.9
81.4
81.2

79.9
81.9
81.6

80.2
81.7

80.6
82.3

80.5
82.4

80.7
82.4

79.2
82.0

80.0
81.7

80.7
81.3

81.3
81.6

79.8
81.2
81.3

80.2
82.0

80.1
82.3

80.7
81.5

80.2
81.7

1. Quarterly changes are at annual rates. Annual changes are calculated from annual averages.

13

Table 12
H ISTORICAL S TATISTICS FOR I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION , C APACITY, AND U TILIZATION : Manufacturing1
Seasonally adjusted

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Annual

IP (percent
change)2
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

-.4
1.1
-.3
-.2
.7

-.3
-.7
1.4
.1
-1.0

.8
-.3
.1
.3
-.1

-.3
.4
.5
.8
.1

.1
.2
.8
-.1
-.8

.2
-.3
.4
.1
.1

-.6
.5
.7
.1
-1.1

.6
.3
.5
.1
1.0

.1
.2
.6
.4
-.3

-.2
.4
1.6
.6
-.2

.7
.5
.6
.3
.2

.4
.9
.6
.4
.2

.3
4.6
6.0
2.4
1.7

1.1
.0
7.0
4.3
-3.2

.3
2.5
7.2
1.4
-2.9

2.5
5.0
11.4
5.0
.6

1.9
2.3
5.7
5.3
.8

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

-.2
-.8
-.5
1.1
.3

1.4
-.7
.8
.1
.1

.4
-.6
.9
-.2
1.3

-.2
.3
.5
.6
.8

.1
.7
.6
-.1
.7

.2
1.1
.3
-.1
.3

-.2
.2
.8
.3
.5

.3
.3
-.4
-.1
.7

.0
1.1
.1
.6
.4

-.8
-.2
.6
.8
1.0

-1.1
-.2
.4
.4
.8

-.7
-.1
-.1
.6
1.2

4.5
-9.0
.7
4.6
5.5

2.6
2.3
8.1
1.6
9.2

.8
7.4
4.2
1.7
6.0

-6.5
1.8
2.8
7.2
10.1

.8
-1.9
3.8
3.7
6.1

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

.4
-.9
.1
.8
.4

.0
1.5
1.4
.0
.8

.2
-.3
1.1
-.2
-.1

-.2
1.1
-.3
.6
.3

.0
.7
.8
.5
1.0

.4
1.1
.6
-.6
-.3

-.6
.3
.4
-.4
.5

1.2
.6
1.5
2.6
.7

.9
.7
.9
-.3
-.3

-.1
.0
.8
.9
1.6

.1
.9
1.2
.2
.8

.3
.9
.5
.5
.8

6.4
1.1
9.8
6.3
5.4

.4
9.6
6.6
2.8
4.5

3.1
7.6
10.0
4.1
4.1

4.4
6.5
12.1
7.5
9.9

5.5
4.6
8.5
6.9
5.4

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004

.2
-.6
.4
.5
.0

.3
-.6
.1
.0
.7

.7
-.4
.8
.2
-.1

.7
-.3
.1
-.9
.6

.0
-.7
.6
-.1
.6

.2
-.6
1.1
.6
-.7

-.1
-.3
-.4
.1
.8

-.6
-.7
.4
-.2
.6

.5
-.3
.1
.7
-.3

-.4
-.7
-.5
-.1
.7

-.4
-.3
.4
1.0
.0

-.7
.2
-.4
-.1
.6

5.8
-6.6
3.1
1.7
2.9

5.8
-5.7
5.8
-2.3
3.7

-.7
-6.2
3.1
2.2
3.5

-3.2
-5.0
-.8
3.7
3.7

4.8
-4.2
.0
1.1
2.9

2005
2006
2007

.5
.8
-.6

.6
-.2
.0

-.2
.4
.6

.2
1.0
.5

.6
-.2

.4
.9

.1
.4

.4
.4

-.8
.0

1.5
-.8

.9
-.2

.4
1.1

5.1
5.5
.9

3.1
5.5

1.9
4.4

7.5
-1.7

3.9
4.6

IP (2002=100)
2005
2006
2007

106.4
111.5
113.7

107.0
111.2
113.8

106.7
111.7
114.4

106.9
112.8
115.0

107.6
112.6

108.0
113.5

108.1
113.9

108.4
114.3

107.5
114.3

109.2
113.4

110.1
113.2

110.6
114.4

106.7
111.5
114.0

107.5
113.0

108.0
114.2

110.0
113.7

108.0
113.0

Capacity
(percent of
2002 output)
2005
2006
2007

136.0
138.9
142.5

136.2
139.2
142.8

136.3
139.5
143.0

136.5
139.9
143.3

136.6
140.2

136.9
140.5

137.1
140.8

137.3
141.1

137.6
141.3

137.9
141.6

138.2
141.9

138.6
142.2

136.2
139.2
142.8

136.6
140.2

137.4
141.1

138.2
141.9

137.1
140.6

Utilization
(percent)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

79.1
78.9
78.9
83.0
85.4

78.6
78.3
79.9
83.0
84.4

79.0
78.0
79.7
83.2
84.2

78.5
78.2
79.9
83.9
84.1

78.4
78.3
80.4
83.7
83.2

78.3
77.9
80.5
83.8
83.2

77.7
78.2
80.9
83.8
82.1

78.0
78.3
81.1
83.9
82.6

77.9
78.4
81.4
84.1
82.2

77.6
78.5
82.5
84.5
81.9

77.9
78.8
82.9
84.7
81.9

78.2
79.3
83.2
84.9
81.8

78.9
78.4
79.5
83.1
84.7

78.4
78.1
80.3
83.8
83.5

77.9
78.3
81.1
83.9
82.3

77.9
78.9
82.9
84.7
81.9

78.3
78.4
80.9
83.9
83.1

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

81.5
78.4
78.0
80.3
81.3

82.5
77.7
78.5
80.3
81.2

82.6
77.1
79.0
80.0
82.1

82.2
77.2
79.3
80.3
82.5

82.2
77.7
79.6
80.1
82.7

82.2
78.4
79.7
79.9
82.7

81.9
78.5
80.2
80.1
82.8

81.9
78.6
79.7
79.9
83.1

81.8
79.3
79.5
80.2
83.1

81.0
79.0
79.8
80.8
83.6

79.9
78.7
79.9
80.9
83.9

79.2
78.5
79.6
81.3
84.6

82.2
77.7
78.5
80.2
81.5

82.2
77.8
79.5
80.1
82.6

81.8
78.8
79.8
80.0
83.0

80.0
78.8
79.8
81.0
84.0

81.6
78.3
79.4
80.3
82.8

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

84.6
81.0
82.1
83.6
81.0

84.2
81.8
82.8
83.0
81.2

84.0
81.2
83.3
82.3
80.8

83.5
81.7
82.5
82.2
80.7

83.1
81.8
82.7
82.1
81.1

83.1
82.3
82.7
81.0
80.5

82.2
82.0
82.4
80.2
80.5

82.7
82.1
83.2
81.8
80.7

83.1
82.3
83.3
81.1
80.0

82.6
81.8
83.4
81.4
80.9

82.3
82.2
83.8
81.1
81.1

82.1
82.5
83.6
81.1
81.4

84.3
81.3
82.8
83.0
81.0

83.2
81.9
82.6
81.8
80.7

82.7
82.2
83.0
81.0
80.4

82.3
82.2
83.6
81.2
81.1

83.1
81.9
83.0
81.7
80.8

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004

81.1
76.9
71.9
73.7
75.3

81.0
76.2
71.9
73.8
75.8

81.2
75.7
72.4
74.1
75.7

81.4
75.3
72.4
73.5
76.2

81.0
74.6
72.8
73.5
76.6

80.8
73.9
73.6
74.0
76.1

80.4
73.5
73.2
74.1
76.7

79.6
72.9
73.5
74.0
77.2

79.7
72.5
73.6
74.6
76.9

79.0
71.9
73.3
74.5
77.4

78.4
71.6
73.6
75.3
77.4

77.6
71.7
73.3
75.2
77.8

81.1
76.3
72.0
73.9
75.6

81.1
74.6
72.9
73.6
76.3

79.9
73.0
73.5
74.2
76.9

78.3
71.7
73.4
75.0
77.6

80.1
73.9
73.0
74.2
76.6

2005
2006
2007

78.2
80.3
79.8

78.6
79.9
79.7

78.3
80.1
80.0

78.4
80.7
80.2

78.7
80.3

78.9
80.8

78.8
80.9

79.0
81.1

78.1
80.9

79.2
80.1

79.7
79.8

79.8
80.5

78.4
80.1
79.8

78.7
80.6

78.6
80.9

79.6
80.1

78.8
80.4

1. Refer to note on cover page.
2. Quarterly changes are at annual rates. Annual changes are calculated from annual averages.

14

Table 13
H ISTORICAL S TATISTICS FOR I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION , C APACITY,
High-Technology Industries1

AND

U TILIZATION : Total Industry Excluding Selected

Seasonally adjusted

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Annual

IP (percent
change)2
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

-.3
.5
-.5
.0
.3

.5
-.8
1.2
.4
-.5

.2
-.7
.2
.2
.3

-.1
.0
.5
.5
-.1

.1
.1
.6
-.2
-.7

.0
-.2
.4
.2
.0

-.5
.3
.5
.1
-1.1

.4
-.2
.6
.5
.9

.5
.2
.2
-.4
-.3

-.4
.4
1.4
.5
-.2

.3
.4
.5
.2
.3

1.1
.8
.4
.4
.7

.9
2.3
4.4
3.0
1.8

1.1
-2.7
6.4
2.7
-2.0

-.2
.5
6.1
1.4
-3.3

2.6
4.0
9.0
2.9
1.0

1.0
.9
4.3
4.4
.6

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

-.7
-.5
-.8
.5
.4

.9
-.8
.7
.3
.0

.4
-.6
.7
-.1
.9

-.2
.2
.6
.3
.3

.1
1.0
.3
-.4
.4

.2
1.0
-.1
.2
.6

-.2
.0
.8
.3
.1

.3
.1
-.6
-.1
.3

.1
.9
.2
.4
.0

-.8
-.2
.6
.7
.6

-1.2
-.2
.3
.3
.4

-.7
-.5
.0
.5
.9

2.2
-8.1
-1.9
3.0
4.2

2.3
2.2
6.1
.4
5.4

1.0
5.4
1.8
1.6
3.3

-6.5
.4
2.9
5.1
5.5

.3
-2.0
1.9
2.5
4.0

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

.2
-1.0
-.1
.2
.2

-.2
1.4
.8
-.1
.2

-.2
-.4
.5
-.1
-.1

-.3
.8
-.4
.2
-.2

.0
.4
.3
.5
.6

.1
.7
.2
-.9
-.5

-.5
-.5
.3
-.8
.3

1.1
.4
1.0
2.0
.4

.1
.4
.7
-.6
-.5

-.5
-.2
.7
.5
1.2

.1
.8
.7
-.3
.3

.2
.5
.2
.0
.6

3.0
-.3
5.0
1.7
.9

-1.4
6.0
2.1
1.0
.3

1.5
2.2
6.0
-.2
1.2

.4
3.4
8.3
2.2
5.5

2.4
1.7
4.2
3.1
1.2

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004

-.3
-.7
.7
.5
.1

.0
-.5
.1
.2
.6

.1
-.4
.8
-.3
-.6

.4
-.1
.4
-.8
.7

.0
-.6
.4
-.1
.6

-.1
-.4
.9
.2
-.8

-.5
-.3
-.3
.3
.7

-.4
-.3
.1
-.1
.2

.4
-.5
.0
.5
-.2

-.6
-.6
-.4
-.1
.7

-.2
-.5
.3
.8
.2

-.5
-.1
-.6
-.1
.6

.7
-6.4
2.9
1.0
1.9

1.7
-4.1
6.1
-4.0
2.6

-2.9
-4.3
1.7
1.7
1.6

-3.0
-5.3
-1.3
2.7
4.0

1.1
-4.1
.1
.2
1.9

2005
2006
2007

.2
-.1
-.5

.5
.2
.8

-.2
.4
-.4

-.1
.7
.6

.3
-.2

.6
.8

-.1
.3

.2
.1

-1.9
-.5

1.0
-.3

1.0
-.5

.8
.6

3.8
4.5
.4

1.5
5.2

-.5
2.9

3.0
-2.7

2.5
2.8

IP (2002=100)
2005
2006
2007

103.9
106.1
107.4

104.4
106.3
108.3

104.2
106.8
107.9

104.2
107.6
108.5

104.4
107.4

105.1
108.3

105.0
108.6

105.2
108.7

103.2
108.2

104.2
107.9

105.3
107.4

106.2
108.0

104.2
106.4
107.9

104.6
107.7

104.4
108.5

105.2
107.8

104.6
107.5

Capacity
(percent of
2002 output)
2005
2006
2007

129.7
130.2
132.0

129.7
130.4
132.1

129.7
130.5
132.3

129.7
130.7
132.4

129.6
130.8

129.7
131.0

129.7
131.2

129.7
131.3

129.8
131.5

129.9
131.6

130.0
131.8

130.1
131.9

129.7
130.4
132.1

129.7
130.8

129.7
131.3

130.0
131.8

129.8
131.1

Utilization
(percent)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

79.7
80.2
79.2
83.6
85.4

79.9
79.4
80.1
83.9
84.9

79.9
78.8
80.1
84.0
85.1

79.7
78.8
80.4
84.4
84.9

79.6
78.8
80.8
84.2
84.2

79.5
78.6
81.1
84.3
84.0

78.9
78.8
81.4
84.4
83.0

79.1
78.5
81.8
84.8
83.6

79.4
78.6
81.9
84.4
83.2

79.0
78.8
83.0
84.8
82.9

79.1
79.1
83.3
84.9
83.0

79.8
79.6
83.6
85.2
83.4

79.8
79.5
79.8
83.8
85.1

79.6
78.7
80.8
84.3
84.3

79.1
78.6
81.7
84.5
83.3

79.3
79.2
83.3
85.0
83.1

79.5
79.0
81.4
84.4
84.0

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

82.7
80.0
79.0
81.2
82.6

83.3
79.3
79.4
81.4
82.5

83.5
78.7
79.9
81.3
83.1

83.2
78.8
80.4
81.4
83.2

83.2
79.5
80.5
81.0
83.5

83.3
80.1
80.3
81.1
83.8

83.0
80.1
80.9
81.3
83.8

83.1
80.0
80.3
81.2
83.9

83.1
80.6
80.4
81.4
83.8

82.4
80.4
80.8
81.9
84.2

81.2
80.1
81.0
82.1
84.4

80.5
79.6
80.9
82.4
85.0

83.2
79.4
79.4
81.3
82.7

83.2
79.5
80.4
81.2
83.5

83.1
80.2
80.5
81.3
83.8

81.4
80.1
80.9
82.1
84.5

82.7
79.8
80.3
81.5
83.6

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

85.0
82.2
83.4
84.3
82.2

84.7
83.2
83.9
84.0
82.1

84.4
82.7
84.1
83.6
81.8

84.0
83.2
83.5
83.6
81.5

83.8
83.4
83.4
83.8
81.8

83.8
83.8
83.3
82.8
81.3

83.2
83.2
83.3
82.0
81.4

83.9
83.4
83.8
83.3
81.5

83.9
83.5
84.1
82.6
81.0

83.3
83.1
84.4
82.8
81.8

83.2
83.6
84.7
82.4
81.9

83.2
83.8
84.5
82.2
82.2

84.7
82.7
83.8
84.0
82.1

83.9
83.4
83.4
83.4
81.6

83.6
83.4
83.7
82.7
81.3

83.2
83.5
84.5
82.5
81.9

83.9
83.3
83.9
83.1
81.7

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004

81.8
78.8
75.2
76.9
77.7

81.7
78.3
75.2
77.1
78.2

81.6
77.9
75.7
77.0
77.7

81.8
77.8
75.9
76.4
78.2

81.7
77.3
76.2
76.4
78.7

81.5
76.9
76.9
76.6
78.1

81.0
76.6
76.7
76.8
78.6

80.6
76.3
76.7
76.8
78.8

80.8
75.8
76.8
77.2
78.6

80.2
75.3
76.5
77.1
79.2

80.0
74.9
76.8
77.7
79.4

79.5
74.7
76.4
77.7
79.9

81.7
78.4
75.3
77.0
77.9

81.7
77.3
76.4
76.4
78.4

80.8
76.2
76.7
76.9
78.7

79.9
75.0
76.6
77.5
79.5

81.0
76.7
76.3
77.0
78.6

2005
2006
2007

80.1
81.5
81.4

80.5
81.5
81.9

80.4
81.8
81.5

80.3
82.3
82.0

80.6
82.1

81.1
82.7

80.9
82.8

81.1
82.8

79.5
82.3

80.2
82.0

81.0
81.5

81.6
81.9

80.3
81.6
81.6

80.6
82.3

80.5
82.6

80.9
81.8

80.6
82.1

1. Selected high-technology industries are computers, communications equipment, and semiconductors and related electronic components.
2. Quarterly changes are at annual rates. Annual changes are calculated from annual averages.

15

Table 14
H ISTORICAL S TATISTICS FOR I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION , C APACITY, AND U TILIZATION : Manufacturing1 Excluding Selected
High-Technology Industries2
Seasonally adjusted

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Annual

IP (percent
change)3
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

-.5
1.2
-.5
-.2
.8

-.3
-.7
1.4
.2
-1.1

.9
-.3
.1
.2
-.1

-.2
.4
.4
.8
.0

.1
.1
.7
-.2
-.9

.1
-.2
.3
.0
.1

-.4
.2
.6
.0
-1.3

.6
.2
.3
.1
.9

.2
.2
.5
.3
-.3

-.3
.3
1.5
.5
-.3

.6
.4
.5
.3
.1

.4
.8
.5
.4
.1

-.2
4.7
4.7
1.9
2.0

1.7
-.3
5.9
3.5
-3.6

.7
1.2
5.7
.5
-4.0

2.5
4.3
10.4
4.6
-.4

1.4
2.2
4.6
4.4
.4

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

-.3
-.8
-.8
1.1
.1

1.4
-.8
.8
.0
.0

.3
-.8
.9
-.3
1.2

-.3
.4
.4
.5
.6

.1
.6
.5
-.1
.5

.2
1.1
.1
-.2
.2

-.2
.3
.7
.3
.3

.3
.2
-.5
-.2
.5

-.1
1.1
.0
.5
.1

-.8
-.2
.4
.7
.7

-1.2
-.3
.3
.3
.6

-.8
-.3
-.2
.5
.9

3.7
-9.8
-1.2
3.8
3.9

2.0
1.5
6.9
.8
7.1

.3
7.1
2.6
.6
3.9

-7.2
1.0
1.5
5.7
6.7

.0
-2.6
2.6
2.6
4.4

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

.2
-1.2
-.2
.5
.0

-.3
1.3
1.0
-.1
.5

-.1
-.5
.9
-.3
-.5

-.4
1.0
-.7
.4
-.1

-.2
.4
.5
.4
.8

.2
.8
.4
-1.1
-.7

-.8
-.1
.1
-.9
.0

.9
.4
1.3
2.4
.6

.6
.5
.7
-.7
-.5

-.4
-.4
.6
.7
1.4

-.1
.8
.9
-.1
.4

.1
.7
.2
.2
.4

3.0
-1.7
6.0
3.0
.9

-2.5
6.8
2.6
.0
.2

.3
4.1
6.6
-.6
.4

.8
3.2
8.8
4.0
6.9

2.5
1.5
4.9
3.5
1.4

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004

-.3
-.6
.5
.4
-.2

-.1
-.5
.0
-.2
.6

.3
-.4
.8
.2
-.2

.3
-.1
.1
-1.0
.7

-.4
-.6
.6
-.1
.6

.0
-.5
1.0
.5
-.7

-.4
-.1
-.5
.0
.8

-.8
-.7
.3
-.3
.6

.4
-.4
.0
.7
-.4

-.6
-.7
-.6
-.2
.7

-.6
-.3
.3
1.0
.0

-.9
.1
-.6
-.3
.5

.5
-7.5
3.4
.1
1.3

.9
-4.1
5.4
-3.1
3.9

-3.5
-4.7
2.4
1.2
3.3

-5.0
-5.2
-2.0
3.0
3.4

.8
-4.9
.1
.0
2.2

2005
2006
2007

.4
.8
-.7

.5
-.3
.0

-.3
.3
.5

.0
.8
.4

.5
-.4

.3
.8

-.1
.3

.2
.2

-1.1
-.3

1.4
-.9

.8
-.2

.4
1.1

4.1
4.9
.3

1.6
3.8

.4
3.0

5.5
-3.3

3.0
3.2

IP (2002=100)
2005
2006
2007

104.3
107.9
108.5

104.8
107.5
108.6

104.5
107.8
109.1

104.5
108.7
109.5

105.0
108.3

105.3
109.2

105.3
109.5

105.5
109.7

104.3
109.4

105.8
108.4

106.6
108.2

107.0
109.3

104.5
107.7
108.7

104.9
108.7

105.0
109.5

106.5
108.6

105.2
108.6

Capacity
(percent of
2002 output)
2005
2006
2007

132.6
133.7
135.5

132.6
133.9
135.6

132.7
134.0
135.8

132.7
134.2
135.9

132.8
134.3

132.8
134.5

132.9
134.7

133.0
134.8

133.1
135.0

133.3
135.1

133.4
135.2

133.6
135.4

132.6
133.9
135.6

132.8
134.3

133.0
134.8

133.4
135.2

133.0
134.6

Utilization
(percent)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

78.6
79.4
79.1
83.4
85.9

78.3
78.8
80.1
83.5
84.9

78.8
78.4
80.0
83.7
84.7

78.5
78.7
80.2
84.3
84.6

78.4
78.7
80.7
84.1
83.7

78.3
78.4
80.8
84.2
83.7

77.9
78.5
81.2
84.1
82.4

78.2
78.6
81.4
84.2
83.0

78.2
78.7
81.7
84.4
82.7

77.9
78.8
82.9
84.8
82.2

78.3
79.0
83.3
85.0
82.2

78.5
79.6
83.6
85.3
82.2

78.6
78.9
79.7
83.5
85.2

78.4
78.6
80.6
84.2
84.0

78.1
78.6
81.4
84.2
82.7

78.2
79.1
83.2
85.0
82.2

78.3
78.8
81.2
84.3
83.5

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

81.8
78.7
77.9
80.4
81.2

82.8
77.9
78.4
80.4
81.2

82.9
77.2
79.0
80.1
82.0

82.6
77.4
79.3
80.4
82.4

82.5
77.8
79.6
80.2
82.7

82.5
78.6
79.7
80.0
82.7

82.2
78.7
80.2
80.1
82.8

82.3
78.7
79.7
79.9
83.1

82.1
79.5
79.6
80.2
83.1

81.3
79.3
79.8
80.7
83.5

80.2
78.9
80.0
80.9
83.8

79.5
78.6
79.7
81.2
84.5

82.5
78.0
78.4
80.3
81.5

82.5
77.9
79.5
80.2
82.6

82.2
79.0
79.8
80.1
83.0

80.3
78.9
79.8
81.0
83.9

81.9
78.4
79.4
80.4
82.8

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999

84.4
80.8
82.2
83.5
81.0

84.0
81.7
82.8
83.1
81.2

83.7
81.1
83.2
82.5
80.6

83.2
81.7
82.3
82.6
80.3

82.9
81.9
82.4
82.6
80.7

82.9
82.4
82.4
81.4
80.0

82.0
82.2
82.1
80.5
79.8

82.6
82.3
82.9
82.1
80.2

82.9
82.4
83.1
81.3
79.5

82.3
81.9
83.2
81.6
80.5

82.0
82.3
83.6
81.3
80.7

81.9
82.6
83.5
81.2
80.8

84.0
81.2
82.7
83.1
80.9

83.0
82.0
82.4
82.2
80.3

82.5
82.3
82.7
81.3
79.8

82.1
82.3
83.4
81.4
80.7

82.9
81.9
82.8
82.0
80.4

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004

80.4
76.3
73.3
75.0
75.7

80.2
75.8
73.3
74.9
76.2

80.3
75.5
73.9
75.1
76.0

80.4
75.4
73.9
74.5
76.6

79.9
74.9
74.4
74.4
77.1

79.8
74.5
75.2
74.9
76.5

79.3
74.4
74.8
74.9
77.2

78.6
73.8
75.1
74.7
77.6

78.8
73.5
75.2
75.3
77.3

78.2
73.0
74.8
75.2
77.9

77.7
72.8
75.0
76.0
77.9

76.9
72.9
74.6
75.8
78.3

80.3
75.9
73.5
75.0
76.0

80.0
74.9
74.5
74.6
76.7

78.9
73.9
75.0
75.0
77.4

77.6
72.9
74.8
75.7
78.1

79.2
74.4
74.5
75.1
77.0

2005
2006
2007

78.7
80.7
80.1

79.0
80.3
80.0

78.8
80.5
80.3

78.7
81.0
80.6

79.1
80.6

79.3
81.2

79.2
81.3

79.3
81.4

78.4
81.1

79.4
80.3

79.9
80.0

80.1
80.7

78.8
80.5
80.2

79.0
80.9

79.0
81.3

79.8
80.3

79.2
80.8

1. Refer to note on cover page.
2. Selected high-technology industries are computers, communications equipment, and semiconductors and related electronic components.
3. Quarterly changes are at annual rates. Annual changes are calculated from annual averages.

16

Aggregation Methodology and Weights. The aggregation method
for the IP index is a version of the Fisher-ideal index formula. (For a
detailed discussion of the aggregation method, see Federal Reserve
Bulletin February 1997 and March 2001.) In the IP index, series that
measure the output of an individual industry are combined using
weights derived from their proportion in the total value-added output
of all industries. The IP index, which extends back to 1919, is built as
a chain-type index since 1972. The current formula for the growth in
monthly IP (or any of the sub-aggregates) since 1972 is the geometric
mean of the change in output (I), and, as can be seen below, is
computed using the unit value added estimate for the current month
(pm ) and the estimate for previous month:

E XPLANATORY N OTE
The Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization statistical
release, which is published around the middle of the month, reports
measures of output, capacity, and capacity utilization in
manufacturing, mining, and the electric and gas utilities industries.
More detailed descriptions of industrial production and capacity
utilization are available at www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17 at
the Board’s World Wide Web site. In addition, files containing data
shown in the release, more detailed series that were published in the
G.17 prior to December 2000, and historical data are available at the
Board’s Web site. Instructions for searching for and downloading
specific series are provided as well. For paid access to the data files
through the Department of Commerce’s Economic Bulletin Board or
World Wide Web site, please call STAT-USA at 1-800-STAT-USA or
202-452-1986. Diskettes containing historical data and the data
published in this release also are available from the Board of
Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Publications Services,
202-452-3245.

A
Im
A
Im−1

s P
P
I p
I p
P m m−1 × P m m
=
Im−1 pm−1

Im−1 pm

The IP proportions (typically shown in the first column of the relevant
tables in the G.17 release) are estimates of the industries’ relative
contributions to overall growth in the following year. For example, the
relative importance weight of the motor vehicles and parts industry is
about 8 percent. If output in this industry increased 10 percent in a
month, then this gain would boost growth in total IP by 8/10
percentage point (0.08 x 10% = 0.8%). To assist users with
calculations, the Federal Reserve’s web site provides supplemental
monthly statistics that represent the exact proportionate contribution
of a monthly change in a component index to the monthly change in
the total index (www.federalreserve.gov/
releases/G17/ipdisk/ipweights.sa).

I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION
Coverage. The industrial production (IP) index measures the real
output of the manufacturing, mining, and electric and gas utilities
industries; the reference period for the index is 2002. Manufacturing
consists of those industries included in the North American Industry
Classification System, or NAICS, definition of manufacturing plus
those industries-logging and newspaper, periodical, book and
directory publishing-that have traditionally been considered to be
manufacturing and included in the industrial sector. For the period
since 1997, the total IP index has been constructed from 300
individual series based on the 2002 North American Industrial
Classification System (NAICS) codes. These individual series are
classified in two ways: (1) market groups, and (2) industry groups.
Market groups consist of products and materials. Total products are
the aggregate of final products, such as consumer goods and
equipment, and nonindustrial supplies (which are inputs to
nonindustrial sectors). Materials are inputs in the manufacture of
products. Major industry groups include three-digit NAICS industries
and aggregates of these industries—for example, durable and
nondurable manufacturing, mining, and utilities. A complete
description of the market and industry structures, including details
regarding series classification, relative importance weights, and data
sources, is available on the Board’s web site
(www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17/About.html). Changes in
output for the market and industry groups are summarized in table 1
and the levels of output (in index form) are shown in table 4. Special
aggregates, that highlight the relative importance and contributions of
several key industries, such as high-technology and motor vehicles,
are summarized in tables 2 and 5. For a detailed description of the
contents of the statistical tables, see below.

Timing. The first estimate of output for a month is published around
the 15th of the following month. The estimate is preliminary (denoted
by the superscript “p” in tables) and subject to revision in each of the
subsequent three months as new source data become available.
(Revised estimates are denoted by the superscript “r” in tables.) For
the first estimate of output for a given month, about 70 percent of the
source data (in value-added terms) are available; the fraction of
available source data increases to about 84 percent for estimates in the
second month that the estimate is published, 96 percent in the third
month, and 97 percent in the fourth month. Data availability by data
type is summarized in the table below:
Availability of Monthly IP Data in Publication Window
(Percent of value added in 2005)
Month of estimate

Source data. On a monthly basis, the individual indexes of industrial
production are constructed from two main types of source data: (1)
output measured in physical units and (2) data on inputs to the
production process, from which output is inferred. Data on physical
products, such as tons of steel or barrels of oil, are obtained from
private trade associations and from government agencies; data of this
type are used to estimate monthly IP wherever possible and
appropriate. Production indexes for a few industries are derived by
dividing estimated nominal output (calculated using unit production
or sales and unit values) by a corresponding Fisher price index; the
most notable of these fall within the high-technology grouping and
include computers, communications equipment, and semiconductors.
When suitable data on physical product are not available, estimates of
output are based on production-worker hours by industry. Data on
hours worked by production workers are collected in the monthly
establishment survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The factors used to convert inputs into estimates of production are
based on historical relationships between the inputs and the
comprehensive annual data used to benchmark the IP indexes; these
factors also may be influenced by technological or cyclical
developments. The annual data used in benchmarking the individual
IP indexes are constructed from a variety of source data, such as the
quinquennial Censuses of Manufactures and Mineral Industries and
the Annual Survey of Manufactures, prepared by the Bureau of the
Census; the Minerals Yearbook, prepared by the United States
Geological Survey of the Department of the Interior; and publications
of the Department of Energy.

Type of data

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

Physical product

27

42

54

54

Production-worker hours

43

43

43

43

IP data received

70

84

96

97

IP data estimated

30

16

4

3

The physical product group includes series based on either monthly or
quarterly data. As can be seen in the first line of the table, in the first
month, a physical product indicator is available for about half of the
series (in terms of value added) that ultimately are based on physical
product data (25 percent out of total of 52 percent). Of the 25 percent,
about two-thirds (17 percent of total IP) include series that are derived
from weekly physical product data and for which actual monthly data
may lag up to several months. On average, quarterly product data are
received for the third estimate of industrial production. Specifically,
quarterly data are available for the second estimate of the last month
of a quarter, the third estimate of the second month of a quarter, and
the fourth estimate of the first month of a quarter. About 3 percent of
the source data for monthly IP—all physical product measures—are
available too late for direct inclusion in the current index and are
incorporated at the time of an annual historical revision.
Seasonal adjustment. Individual series are seasonally adjusted using
Census X-12 ARIMA. For series based on production-worker hours,
the current seasonal factors were estimated with data through

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September 2006; for other series, the factors were estimated with data
through at least June 2006. Series are pre-adjusted for the effects of
holidays or the business cycle when appropriate. For the data since
1972, all seasonally adjusted aggregate indexes are calculated by
aggregating the seasonally adjusted indexes of the individual series.

related capacity index.
Consistency. A major aim is that the Federal Reserve utilization rates
be consistent over time so that, for example, a rate of 85 percent
means about the same degree of tightness that it meant in the past. A
major task for the Federal Reserve in developing reasonable and
consistent time series of capacity and utilization is dealing with
inconsistencies between the movements of the industrial production
index and the survey-based utilization rates. The McGraw-Hill/DRI
Survey, now discontinued, was the primary source of manufacturing
utilization rates for many years. This was a survey of large companies
that reported, on average, higher utilization rates than those reported
by establishments covered by the SPC (currently the primary source
of factory operating rates) for the fourteen years they overlapped.
Adjustments have been made to keep the industry utilization rates
currently reported by the Federal Reserve roughly in line with rates
formerly reported by McGraw-Hill. As a consequence, the rates
reported by the Federal Reserve tend to be higher than the rates
reported in the SPC.

Reliability. The average revision to the level of the total IP index,
without regard to sign, between the first and the fourth estimates was
0.27 percent during the 1987–2005 period. The average revision to
the percent change in total IP, without regard to sign, from the first to
the fourth estimates was 0.21 percentage point during the 1987–2005
period. In most cases (about 86 percent), the direction of change in
output indicated by the first estimate for a given month is the same as
that shown by the fourth estimate.
Rounding. The published percent changes are calculated from
unrounded indexes, and may not be the same as percent changes
calculated from the rounded indexes shown in the release.
C APACITY U TILIZATION

Perspective. Over the 1972–2005 period, the average total industry
utilization rate is 81.0 percent; for manufacturing, the average factory
operating rate has been 79.8 percent. Industrial plants usually operate
at capacity utilization rates that are well below 100 percent: none of
the broad aggregates has ever reached 100 percent. For total industry
and total manufacturing, utilization rates have exceeded 90 percent
only in wartime. The highs and lows in capacity utilization shown in
table 7 are specific to each series and do not all occur in the same
month.

Overview. The Federal Reserve Board constructs estimates of
capacity and capacity utilization for industries in manufacturing,
mining, and electric and gas utilities. For a given industry, the
capacity utilization rate is equal to an output index (seasonally
adjusted) divided by a capacity index. The Federal Reserve Board’s
capacity indexes attempt to capture the concept of sustainable
maximum output—the greatest level of output a plant can maintain
within the framework of a realistic work schedule, after factoring in
normal downtime and assuming sufficient availability of inputs to
operate the capital in place.

R EFERENCES AND R ELEASE DATES
References. The annual revision published in November 2005 is
described in an article published in the Federal Reserve Bulletin, vol.
92, pp. A39–A58. A description of the aggregation methods for
industrial production and capacity utilization is included in an article
in the Federal Reserve Bulletin, vol. 83 (February 1997), pp. 67-92.
The Federal Reserve methodology for constructing industry-level
measures of capital is detailed in “Capital Stock Estimates for
Manufacturing Industries: Methods and Data” by Mike Mohr and
Charles Gilbert (1996), which can be obtained at:
www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/capital stock doc-latest.pdf.

Coverage. Capacity indexes are constructed for 87 detailed industries
(69 in manufacturing, 16 in mining, and 2 in utilities), which mostly
correspond to industries at the three- and four-digit NAICS level.
Estimates of capacity and utilization are available for a variety of
groups, including durable and nondurable manufacturing, total
manufacturing, mining, utilities, and total industry. Manufacturing
consists of those industries included in the North American Industry
Classification System, or NAICS, definition of manufacturing plus
those industries—logging and newspaper, periodical, book and
directory publishing—that have traditionally been considered to be
manufacturing and included in the industrial sector. Also, special
aggregates are available, such as high-tech industries and
manufacturing excluding high-tech industries.

Industrial Production—1986 Edition contains a more detailed
description of the other methods used to compile the industrial
production index, plus a history of its development, a glossary of
terms, and a bibliography. The major revisions to the IP indexes and
capacity utilization since 1990 have been described in the Federal
Reserve Bulletin (April 1990, June 1990, June 1993, March 1994,
January 1995, January 1996, February 1997, February 1998, January
1999, March 2000, March 2001, March 2002, April 2003, Winter
2004, Winter 2005).

Source Data. The monthly rates of capacity utilization are designed
to be consistent with both the monthly data on production and the
periodically available data on capacity and utilization. Because there
is no direct monthly information on overall industrial capacity or
utilization rates, the Federal Reserve first estimates annual capacity
indexes from the source data. Capacity data reported in physical units
from government sources (primarily from the U.S. Geological Survey
and the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration)
and trade sources are available for portions of several industries in
manufacturing (e.g., paper, industrial chemicals, petroleum refining,
motor vehicles), as well as for electric utilities and mining; these
industries represent about 24 percent of total industrial capacity.
When physical product data are unavailable for manufacturing
industries, capacity indexes are based on responses to the Bureau of
the Census’s Survey of Plant Capacity (SPC); these industries account
for a bit less than 72 percent of total industry capacity. In the absence
of utilization data for a few mining and petroleum series, capacity is
based on trends through peaks in production (roughly 4 percent of
total industry capacity). A detailed description of the methodology
used to construct the capacity indexes is available on the Board’s web
site (www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17/cap notes.html).

Release Schedule
At 9:15 a.m. on
2006: January 17, February 15, March 17, April 14, May 16, June 15,
July 17, August 16, September 15, October 17, November 16, and
December 15.
2007: January 17, February 15, March 16, April 17, May 16, June 15,
July 17, August 15, September 14, October 16, November 16, and
December 14.

Aggregation Methodology. Monthly capacity aggregates are
calculated in three steps: (1) utilization aggregates are calculated on
an annual basis through the most recent full year as capacity-weighted
aggregates of individual utilization rates; (2) the annual aggregate
capacity is derived from the corresponding production and utilization
aggregates; (3) the monthly capacity aggregate is obtained by
interpolating with a Fisher index of its constituent monthly capacity
series. Utilization rates for the individual series and aggregates are
calculated by dividing the pertinent monthly production index by the

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