The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Technical information: (202) 691-6467 http://www.bls.gov/bdm/ Media contact: USDL 05-2277 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Thursday, December 8, 2005 691-5902 NEW QUARTERLY DATA FROM BLS ON BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS BY SIZE OF FIRM New data on Business Employment Dynamics (BED) by firm size were introduced today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. These data show how large firms, small firms, or both are creating or losing jobs in the economy. These new data detail nine different size classes in the private sector spanning September 1992 to March 2005, and include measures of gross job gains, gross job losses, and net employment change. They can be used to examine employment trends for different firm-size classes on a relatively current basis or for selected time periods of particular interest, such as over-the-year changes or for different points in the business cycle. This release presents a brief analysis of the data over the full time series, during the 2001 recession, and for the first quarter of 2005, the most recently available quarter. For example, the data show that, from September 1992 through March 2005, firms with fewer than 500 employees accounted, on average, for 65 percent of quarterly net employment growth, representing 13.5 million out of 20.6 million net jobs created by the total private sector. (See chart 2 and tables A and D.) As of March 2005, firms with fewer than 500 employees accounted for 55.8 percent of private sector employment. (See table B.) Chart 1. Average share of total quarterly gross job gains, gross job losses, and net employment change by firm size, September 1992 - March 2005, seasonally adjusted Chart 2. Cumulative average share of total quarterly gross job gains, gross job losses, and net employment change by firm size, September 1992 - March 2005, seasonally adjusted 100.0 35.0 90.0 30.0 80.0 Cumulative Percent Percent 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 5.0 10.0 0.0 1-4 5-9 10 - 19 20 - 49 50 - 99 100 - 249 250 - 499 Size Class - Number of Employees Share of net change Share of gross job gains 500 - 999 1,000 or More 0.0 1-4 1-9 1 - 19 1 - 49 1 - 99 1 - 249 1 - 499 1 - 999 All Fims Size Class - Number of Employees Share of gross job losses Share of net change Share of gross job gains Share of gross job losses What are Business Employment Dynamics? The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment that occur at all firms in the economy. These new data track the changes in employment at private business firms from one quarter to the next and allocate the gain or loss in employment into the appropriate firm-size class. Gross job gains are the sum of increases in employment from expansions in employment at existing firms and 2 the addition of new jobs at opening firms. Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing firms and the loss of jobs at closing firms. The difference between the number of gross jobs gained and the number of gross jobs lost is the net change in employment. Thus, the BED statistics show the labor market flows that underlie the net employment change. The BED statistics for this release are measured at the firm level rather than the establishment level, and are not comparable to other BED data series. (See the Technical Note for a more complete discussion of these data.) Table A. Net change in employment, third quarter 1992 - first quarter 2005, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Size class (number of employees) 1 5 10 20 50 100 250 Category Total private 4 9 19 49 99 249 499 Net change in Employment… 20,597 2,014 1,379 1,705 2,529 1,924 2,411 1,502 Cumulative…….. 2,014 3,393 5,098 7,627 9,551 11,962 13,464 500 999 1,000 or more 1,213 14,677 5,920 20,597 Size Distribution of Firms At the end of the first quarter of 2005, there were 4.9 million firms in the private sector of the U.S. economy. Firms with fewer than 500 employees accounted for 99.6 percent of all firms and 55.8 percent of total employment. Of the firms included in the BED data, 54.4 percent had 1–4 employees, representing 5.2 percent of total employment. In contrast, firms with 1,000 or more employees accounted for 0.2 percent of firms and had 37.4 percent of total employment. (See table B.) Table B. Number of firms and employment by size class, first quarter 2005, not seasonally adjusted Number of firms Employment Number of Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Share Number of Share Cumulative Firm size class firms total of total share employees total of total share In thousands Percent In thousands Percent 1 - 4 employees…………….. 2,687 2,687 54.4 54.4 5,606 5,606 5.2 5.2 5 - 9 employees……………. 1,006 3,693 20.3 74.7 6,613 12,219 6.1 11.3 10 - 19 employees…………. 610 4,303 12.4 87.1 8,204 20,423 7.6 18.9 20 - 49 employees……….. 392 4,695 7.9 95.0 11,801 32,223 10.9 29.9 50 - 99 employees……….. 129 4,824 2.6 97.6 8,873 41,096 8.2 38.1 100 - 249 employees……. 75 4,899 1.5 99.1 11,310 52,406 10.5 48.6 250 - 499 employees…….. 23 4,922 0.5 99.6 7,813 60,219 7.2 55.8 500 - 999 employees…….. 11 4,932 0.2 99.8 7,334 67,553 6.8 62.6 1,000 or more employees…. 10 4,942 0.2 100.0 40,349 107,902 37.4 100.0 Average Gross Job Gains and Losses by Firm–Size Class: September 1992–March 2005 The data in this release show the dynamics within nine size classes. For example, from the third quarter of 1992 through the first quarter of 2005, the average quarterly gross job gains in the largest firms—those with 1,000 or more employees—were 1.2 million, and the average quarterly job losses were 1.1 million. This resulted in an average net quarterly gain of 117,000 jobs, or 28.8 percent of the average total net quarterly change. Firms with 1,000 or more employees had the largest average net quarterly gain among the nine firmsize categories used in this release. Firms with 20–49 employees had net quarterly gains of 50,000 jobs on 3 Table C. Average quarterly level of gross job gains and gross job losses by firm size, third quarter 1992 - first quarter 2005, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Size class (number of employees) 1 5 10 20 50 100 250 500 1,000 Category Total or 4 9 19 49 99 249 499 999 more Gross job gains……………6,666 950 766 794 951 606 652 396 326 1,225 At expanding firms…… 5,573 387 591 667 843 559 618 381 316 1,211 At opening firms………. 1,093 563 175 127 108 47 34 15 10 14 Gross job losses………… 6,260 At contracting firms… 5,191 At closing firms………… 1,069 Net change……………………406 911 388 523 39 738 573 165 28 761 636 125 33 901 790 111 50 568 516 52 38 605 562 43 47 367 347 20 29 301 288 13 25 1,108 1,091 17 117 average, or 12.3 percent of the total net change in employment—the second largest average quarterly gain. (See tables C and D.) The firm-size classes presented in this release can be combined to create other groupings for analysis. For example, a commonly used definition of a “large” firm is 500 or more employees; data for this grouping can be created by combining two firm-size classes, those with 500–999 employees and those with 1,000 or more employees. Firms with 500 or more employees were, on average over the period, responsible for 23.3 percent of all gross quarterly job gains, 22.5 percent of gross quarterly job losses, and 35.0 percent of quarterly net gains in employment. (See table D.) Generally, as firm size increases, openings and closings account for a decreasing share of gross employment changes. For example, openings and closings make up over half of gross job gains and losses for firms with 1–4 employees, but only about 1 percent of the gains and losses for firms with 1,000 or more employees. (See table D.) Table D. Average percentage share1 of gross job gains and gross job losses by firm size, third quarter 1992 - first quarter 2005, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Size class (number of employees) 1 5 10 20 50 100 250 500 1,000 Category or Total 4 9 19 49 99 249 499 999 more Gross job gains…….. 100 14.3 11.5 11.9 14.3 9.1 9.8 5.9 4.9 18.4 Expansions…………. 100 6.9 10.6 12.0 15.1 10.0 11.1 6.8 5.7 21.7 Openings……………. 100 51.5 16.0 11.6 9.9 4.3 3.1 1.4 0.9 1.3 Gross job losses………. 100 Contractions………… 100 Closings……………… 100 Net change……………. 100 Cumulative share of net change 1 14.6 7.5 48.9 9.6 9.6 11.8 11.0 15.4 6.9 16.5 12.2 12.3 11.7 8.1 24.6 14.4 15.2 10.4 12.3 36.9 Share measures the percent of the category represented by each firm size class. 9.1 9.9 4.9 9.4 46.3 9.7 10.8 4.0 11.6 57.9 5.9 6.7 1.9 7.1 65.0 4.8 5.5 1.2 6.2 71.2 17.7 21.0 1.6 28.8 100.0 4 Chart 3. Quarterly net employment growth in firms with 1–4 employees, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Chart 4. Quarterly net employment growth in firms with 1,000 or more employees, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) 2001 Recession and Recovery Firm-size class data also can be used to analyze patterns of employment changes among firms of varying sizes across the business cycle. All firm–size classes experienced at least one quarter of negative net employment change related to the 2001 recession, but the larger size classes experienced more quarters of net loss than the smaller classes. Firms with 250–499 employees and firms with 500–999 employees both saw the longest period of net losses, lasting 10 consecutive quarters, from the first quarter of 2001 through the second quarter of 2003. During the same period, the smallest size class, 1–4 employees, experienced only two quarters of net job loss and size class 5–9 employees had just four quarters of net job loss. (See chart 3 and tables 1–10.) During the period for which the BED data are available, overall employment declined in eight quarters— the last three quarters of 2001 and the second quarter of 2002 through the second quarter of 2003. During these eight quarters, firms with 500 or more employees accounted for 60 percent of net job losses. This is in contrast to the 35-percent average contribution of this group to the net gain in employment from September 1992 through March 2005. The net employment declines associated with the 2001 recession are most evident in firms with 1,000 or more employees. Firms in this category had a net employment loss in the third quarter of 2001 of 578,000, making up 41.7 percent of the overall net employment decline. This largest firm-size class did not show sustained growth on a quarterly basis until September 2003. (See chart 4 and table 10.) More recently, there have been seven consecutive quarters of overall net employment growth, from September 2003 through March 2005. Firms with 500 or more employees added 1.0 million new jobs, representing 35.9 percent of the 2.8 million net jobs gained during this period. Firms with fewer than 500 employees accounted for the remaining 1.8 million jobs, representing 64.1 percent of the total net job gains. During this same period, firms with 1,000 or more employees added 842,000 jobs, representing 30.3 percent of the total net job gains. 5 Table E. Level and rate of gross job gains and losses by firm size, first quarter 2005, seasonally adjusted Size Class (number of employees) 1 5 10 20 50 100 250 500 1,000 Category Total or 4 9 19 49 99 249 499 999 more Level (in thousands) Gross job gains……………… 6,345 984 770 780 912 564 604 364 291 1,076 At expanding firms…………. 5,249 376 582 652 814 527 581 356 287 1,074 At opening Firms………….. 1,096 608 188 128 98 37 23 8 4 2 Gross job losses……………. 6,047 At contracting firms………. 5,003 At closing firms………….. 1,044 Net change………………… 298 976 401 575 8 763 592 171 7 328 315 13 36 269 262 7 22 981 977 4 95 11.5 8.7 2.8 765 879 533 553 649 788 495 524 116 91 38 29 15 33 31 51 Rate (percent of employment) 9.3 7.5 6.2 5.2 7.8 6.7 5.8 5.0 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.2 Gross job gains…………….. 5.8 At expanding firms…………4.8 At opening Firms…………..1.0 17.3 6.6 10.7 4.6 4.5 0.1 4.0 3.9 0.1 2.6 2.6 0.0 Gross job losses……………. 5.6 At contracting firms………..4.6 At closing firms…………. 1.0 Net change………………… 0.2 17.3 7.1 10.2 0.0 11.3 8.8 2.5 0.2 9.2 7.8 1.4 0.1 4.2 4.0 0.2 0.4 3.6 3.5 0.1 0.4 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.2 7.3 6.5 0.8 0.2 5.8 5.4 0.4 0.4 4.8 4.5 0.3 0.4 First Quarter 2005 From December 2004 to March 2005, the most recent quarter for which the data are available, there were 6.3 million gross job gains and 6.0 million gross job losses by firms of all sizes, resulting in a net gain of 298,000 jobs, or 0.2 percent of total employment. Firms with 1,000 or more employees had 1.1 million gross job gains, the largest gross job gains of any size class. The same size class had 981,000 gross job losses, leading to a net increase of 95,000 jobs in this size group. This net job increase represented the largest net employment gain among firms of all sizes, and accounted for 31.9 percent of the total net change in employment in the quarter. (See tables E and F.) Table F. Firm size percentage share1 of gross job gains and losses, first quarter 2005, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Size class (number of employees) 1 5 10 20 50 100 250 500 1,000 Category or Total 4 9 19 49 99 249 499 999 more Gross job gains…………… 100 15.5 12.1 12.3 14.4 8.9 9.5 5.7 4.6 17.0 Expansions…………………..100 7.2 11.1 12.4 15.5 10.0 11.1 6.8 5.5 20.5 Openings……………………… 100 55.5 17.2 11.7 8.9 3.4 2.1 0.7 0.4 0.2 Gross job losses……….. 100 Contractions………………. 100 Closings………………………. 100 Net change………………….. 100 Cumulative share of net change 1 16.1 8.0 55.1 2.7 2.7 12.6 11.8 16.4 2.3 5.0 12.7 13.0 11.1 5.0 10.1 14.5 15.8 8.7 11.1 21.1 Share measures the percent of the category represented by each firm size class. 8.8 9.9 3.6 10.4 31.5 9.1 10.5 2.8 17.1 48.7 5.4 6.3 1.2 12.1 60.7 4.4 5.2 0.7 7.4 68.1 16.2 19.5 0.4 31.9 100.0 6 Firms with 1–4 employees had gross job gains of 984,000 and gross job losses of 976,000 jobs in the first quarter of 2005, the second largest number of both gross job gains and losses among these size classes. However, the net gain of 8,000 jobs in this size class represents the second smallest net gain in all size classes. In the first quarter of 2005, firms with less than 500 employees represented 60.7 percent of total net change, while firms with 500 or more employees represented the remaining 39.3 percent of net change. (See table F.) The rates of gross job gains and gross job losses in the smaller size classes are greater than those in the larger size classes. The rate is a measure of gains and losses as a percent of employment during the quarter and represents the extent of “job churning” in each size class. During the first quarter of 2005, in the firms with 1–4 employees, the rates of both gross job gains and gross job losses equaled 17.3 percent of quarterly employment, while in the firms with 1,000 or more employees, gross job gains and gross job losses accounted for only 2.6 and 2.4 percent, respectively, of employment. (See table E.) Due to the high numbers of openings and closings in the 1–4 employee size class, firms of this size accounted for 55.5 percent of gross job gains at opening firms and 55.1 percent of gross job losses at closing firms. The share of gross job gains and losses due to openings and closings drop sharply as the size class increases. (See table F.) Methodology Firms, rather than establishments, are used in the tabulation of these size–class statistics. An establishment is defined as an economic unit that produces goods or services, usually at a single physical location, and engages in one, or predominantly one, activity. A firm is defined as an aggregation of establishments under common ownership by a corporate parent. Firm-level data are compiled by aggregating records under the same employer tax identification numbers. Total gross job gains and gross job losses reported in this release are lower than previously released gross job gain and gross job loss statistics computed at the establishment level, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process. The Bureau of Labor Statistics considered a number of methodologies for use in examining firm–size class dynamics before deciding to use the method of dynamic sizing for these calculations. Dynamic sizing allocates each firm’s employment growth or loss during a quarter to each respective size class in which the change occurred. For example, if a firm grew from 2 employees in the first quarter to 38 employees in the second quarter, then of the 36-employee increase, 2 jobs would be allocated to the 1–4 size class, 5 jobs would be allocated to the 5–9 size class, 10 jobs would be allocated to the 10–19 size class, and 19 jobs would be allocated to the 20–49 size class. Dynamic sizing accounts for the transitory changes in employment across size classes that result largely from the seasonal variations in the quarterly employment data. Additionally, it has a clear conceptual foundation by allocating each job gain or loss to the actual size class where it occurred. For more information, see the “Dynamic sizing methodology” section of the Technical Note. More Information In the future, Business Employment Dynamics data by size of firm will be released each quarter as a part of the quarterly Business Employment Dynamics news release. Additional information is available on the 7 Business Employment Dynamics Web page at http://www.bls.gov/bdm. Research data on alternative sizing methods will be updated on a periodic basis. Additional information about the Business Employment Dynamics data can be found in the Technical Note of this release or may be obtained by e-mailing BDMinfo@bls.gov. Comparing Business Employment Dynamics Data with Current Employment Statistics and Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages Data The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data series are derived from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), also known as the ES-202 program. This program is a quarterly census of all firms covered under state unemployment insurance programs, representing about 98 percent of employment on nonfarm payrolls. The net change in employment from the BED data series will not match the estimates from employment series such as the monthly Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey or the totals from the QCEW program. The CES estimates are based on a sample of establishments, while gross job gains and gross job losses are based on a quarterly census of administrative records. In addition, the CES has a different coverage, excluding the agriculture sector but including firms not covered by the unemployment insurance program. The BED data have a more limited scope than the QCEW data. The data in this release, in contrast to QCEW data, exclude government employees, private households (NAICS 814110), and firms with zero employment. See the Technical Note for further information. Technical Note The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The BED data are compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing quarterly state unemployment insurance (UI) records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The quarterly UI reports are sent by the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) to BLS and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe sampling frame. These reports also are used to produce the quarterly QCEW data on total employment and wages and the longitudinal BED data on gross job gains and losses. Another important Bureau use of the QCEW data is in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program. In the BED program, the QCEW enhanced UI records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments. Coverage Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) laws are compiled from quarterly contribution reports submitted to the SWAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments within a state complete a questionnaire, called the “Multiple Worksite Report,” which provides detailed information on the location of their establishments. These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of residence. UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to state. Major exclusions from UI coverage are self-employed workers, religious organizations, most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain small nonprofit organizations. Gross job gains and gross job losses data in this release do not report estimates for government employees or private households (NAICS 814110), and do not include establishments with zero employment over three quarters. Data from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands also are excluded from the national data. Unit of analysis Firms, rather than establishments, are used in the tabulation of these size-class statistics. An establishment is defined as an economic unit that produces goods or services, usually at a single physical location, and engages in one or predominantly one activity. A firm is a legal business, either corporate or otherwise, and may consist of several establishments. Firmlevel data are compiled based on an aggregation of establishments under common ownership by a corporate parent using employer tax identification numbers. The firm level is more consistent with the role of corporations as the economic decision makers than each individual establishment. Moreover, the firm level is consistent with similar data from other sources. Total gross job gains and gross job losses reported in this release are lower than previously released data by establishment, as some establishment gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process. However, the total net changes in employment are the same for not seasonally adjusted data and are similar for seasonally adjusted data. Concepts and methodology The Business Employment Dynamics data measure the net change in employment at the establishment or firm level. These changes come about in one of four ways. In the BED statistics by size of firm, a net increase in employment can come from either opening firms or expanding firms. A net decrease in employment can come from either closing firms or contracting firms. Gross job gains include the sum of all jobs added at either opening or expanding firms. Gross job losses include the sum of all jobs lost in either closing or contracting firms. The net change in employment is the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses. The formal definitions of firm-level employment changes are as follows: Openings. These are either firms with positive third-month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third-month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter. Expansions. These are firms with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period. Closings. These are either firms with positive third-month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter. Contractions. These are firms with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period. All firm-level employment changes are measured from the third month of each quarter. Not all firms change their employment levels; these firms count towards estimates of total employment, but not for levels of gross job gains and gross job losses. Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and previous quarters. This provides a symmetric growth rate. The rates are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses rate is the net growth rate. Though the aggregation for measuring the BED size-class data is by firm, the linkage process matches records at the establishment level. Records are linked across two quarters by their unique establishment identification numbers (SWA-ID). Between 95 to 97 percent of establishments identified as continuous from quarter to quarter are matched by SWA-ID. The rest are linked in one of three ways. The first method uses predecessor and successor information, identified by the states, which relates records with different SWA-IDs across quarters. Predecessor and successor relations can come about for a variety of reasons, including a change in ownership, a firm restructuring, or a UI account restructuring. If a match cannot be attained in this manner, a probability-based match is used. This match attempts to identify two establishments with different SWA-IDs as continuous. The match is based upon comparisons such as the same name, address, and phone number. Third, an analyst examines unmatched records individually and makes a possible match. In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, SWAs verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment classification codes resulting from the verification process are introduced with the data reported for the first quarter of the year. Changes resulting from improved employer reporting also are introduced in the first quarter. Dynamic sizing methodology The method of dynamic sizing is used in calculations for the BED firm size-class data series. Dynamic sizing allocates each firm’s employment gain or loss during a quarter to each respective size class in which the change occurred. For example, if a firm grew from 2 employees in quarter 1 to 38 employees in quarter 2, then of the 36-employee increase, 2 would be allocated to the first size class, 5 to the size class 5 to 9, 10 to size class 10 to 19, and 19 to size class 20 to 49. Dynamic sizing provides symmetrical firm-size estimates and eliminates any systematic effects which may be caused by the transitory and reverting changes in firms’ sizes over time. Additionally, it allocates each job gain or loss to the actual size class where it occurred. Besides dynamic sizing, four other methodologies were considered: quarterly base sizing, end sizing, mean sizing, and annual base sizing. Quarterly base sizing classifies firms into size categories based on the number of employees in the previous quarter. End sizing classifies firms into size categories based on the number of employees in the current quarter. Mean sizing is a compromise between these two methods and classifies firms based on the average size during month three of the current and previous quarters. Annual base sizing classifies a firm based upon the most recent first quarter. For firms that are growing and that move from one size class to another, base sizing results in statistics which indicate that employment growth is coming from smaller firms, whereas end sizing results in statistics which indicate that employment growth is coming from larger firms. Similarly, for firms that are contracting and that move from one size-class category to another, base sizing results in statistics which indicate that employment decline is coming from larger firms, whereas end sizing results in statistics which indicate that employment decline is coming from smaller firms. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the levels of employment and the associated job flows undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in the weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence can be eliminated by adjusting these statistics from quarter to quarter. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity, easier to recognize. For example, the large number of youths taking summer jobs is likely to obscure other changes that have taken place in June relative to March, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. The adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. The employment data series for opening, expanding, closing, and contracting firms are independently seasonally adjusted; net changes are calculated based on the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses. Additionally, employment levels are independently seasonally adjusted to calculate the seasonally adjusted rates. Concurrent seasonal adjustment is run using X-12 ARIMA. Seasonally adjusted data series for total private are the sum of seasonally adjusted data of all sectors, including the unclassified sector, which is not separately published. The net over-the-quarter change derived by summing the BED component series will differ from the net employment change estimated from the seasonally adjusted total private employment series from the CES program. The intended use of BED statistics is to show the dynamic labor market changes that underlie the net employment change statistic. As such, data users interested particularly in the net employment change, and not in the gross job flows underlying this change, should refer to CES data for over-the-quarter net employment changes. Reliability of the data Since the data series on Business Employment Dynamics are based on administrative rather than sample data, there are no issues related to sampling error. Nonsampling error, however, still exists. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, such as the employer submitting corrected employment data after the end of the quarter or typographical errors made by businesses when providing information. Such errors, however, are likely to be distributed randomly throughout the dataset. Changes in administrative data sometimes create complications for the linkage process. This can result in overstating openings and closings while understating expansions and contractions. The BLS continues to refine methods for improving the linkage process to alleviate the effects of these complications. The BED data series are subject to periodic minor changes based on corrections in QCEW records, updates on pre- decessors and successors information, and seasonal adjustment revisions. Additional statistics and other information Several other programs within BLS produce closely related information. The QCEW program, also known as the ES-202 program, provides both quarterly and annual estimates of employment by state, county, and detailed industry. News releases on quarterly county employment and wages are available upon request from the Division of Administrative Statistics and Labor Turnover, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20212; telephone 202691-6567; (http://www.bls.gov/cew/); (email: QCEWInfo@bls.gov). The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, its net change, and earnings by detailed industry. These estimates are part of the Employment Situation report put out monthly by BLS. The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) program provides monthly measures of job openings, as well as employee hires and separations. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral number: 1-800-877-8339. Table 1. Total private sector quarterly gross job gains and gross job losses, levels and rates, calculated using firm-level data, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Year 1 3 months ended Gross job gains Net change1 Rates (percent of employment) Gross job losses Total Expanding firms Opening firms Total Contracting firms Gross job gains Closing firms Net change1 Gross job losses Total Expanding firms Opening firms Total Contracting firms Closing firms 1992 September December 532 252 6,125 5,986 5,089 4,953 1,036 1,033 5,593 5,734 4,636 4,747 957 987 0.6 0.3 6.9 6.7 5.7 5.5 1.2 1.2 6.3 6.4 5.2 5.3 1.1 1.1 1993 March June September December 257 755 941 626 5,869 6,170 6,379 6,241 4,869 5,177 5,338 5,267 1,000 993 1,041 974 5,612 5,415 5,438 5,615 4,649 4,419 4,544 4,668 963 996 894 947 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.7 6.5 6.8 6.9 6.8 5.4 5.7 5.8 5.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.1 5.2 4.9 5.0 5.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1994 March June September December 470 1,003 1,246 493 6,171 6,558 6,771 6,371 5,165 5,476 5,653 5,405 1,006 1,082 1,118 966 5,701 5,555 5,525 5,878 4,737 4,469 4,657 4,858 964 1,086 868 1,020 0.6 1.1 1.4 0.5 6.7 7.1 7.2 6.7 5.6 5.9 6.0 5.7 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.2 5.1 4.8 4.9 5.1 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.1 1995 March June September December 708 399 861 370 6,498 6,381 6,718 6,564 5,457 5,322 5,673 5,473 1,041 1,059 1,045 1,091 5,790 5,982 5,857 6,194 4,833 4,968 4,806 5,114 957 1,014 1,051 1,080 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.4 6.8 6.6 6.9 6.7 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 6.0 6.2 6.0 6.3 5.0 5.1 4.9 5.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1996 March June September December 510 645 684 801 6,654 6,723 6,830 6,822 5,586 5,630 5,682 5,724 1,068 1,093 1,148 1,098 6,144 6,078 6,146 6,021 5,103 5,014 5,109 4,979 1,041 1,064 1,037 1,042 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 6.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.7 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1997 March June September December 838 611 927 606 6,933 6,703 7,126 7,151 5,824 5,638 6,014 6,001 1,109 1,065 1,112 1,150 6,095 6,092 6,199 6,545 5,051 5,010 5,087 5,276 1,044 1,082 1,112 1,269 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.6 6.9 6.6 7.0 6.9 5.8 5.6 5.9 5.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.3 5.0 4.9 5.0 5.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1998 March June September December 900 641 742 659 7,467 7,171 7,140 7,022 6,205 5,924 6,025 6,005 1,262 1,247 1,115 1,017 6,567 6,530 6,398 6,363 5,336 5,392 5,263 5,218 1,231 1,138 1,135 1,145 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.7 7.2 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.7 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.1 5.2 5.0 4.9 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1999 March June September December 530 526 618 996 7,337 7,253 7,361 7,524 6,119 6,038 6,180 6,281 1,218 1,215 1,181 1,243 6,807 6,727 6,743 6,528 5,605 5,536 5,536 5,379 1,202 1,191 1,207 1,149 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 6.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.1 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 2000 March June September December 872 486 202 274 7,464 7,179 7,220 7,096 6,238 6,039 6,043 5,966 1,226 1,140 1,177 1,130 6,592 6,693 7,018 6,822 5,437 5,558 5,791 5,674 1,155 1,135 1,227 1,148 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.3 6.8 6.5 6.6 6.4 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 6.1 6.1 6.4 6.1 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 2001 March June September December 35 -835 -1,385 -972 7,076 6,582 6,186 6,368 5,995 5,516 5,107 5,210 1,081 1,066 1,079 1,158 7,041 7,417 7,571 7,340 5,844 6,295 6,329 6,244 1,197 1,122 1,242 1,096 0.0 -0.7 -1.2 -0.9 6.4 6.0 5.7 5.9 5.4 5.0 4.7 4.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 6.4 6.7 6.9 6.8 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 2002 March June September December 67 -135 -164 -230 6,642 6,521 6,289 6,245 5,556 5,419 5,231 5,203 1,086 1,102 1,058 1,042 6,575 6,656 6,453 6,475 5,494 5,600 5,399 5,453 1,081 1,056 1,054 1,022 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.2 5.0 4.9 4.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2003 March June September December -355 -191 121 327 6,117 6,217 6,148 6,277 5,082 5,191 5,131 5,242 1,035 1,026 1,017 1,035 6,472 6,408 6,027 5,950 5,429 5,395 5,056 4,965 1,043 1,013 971 985 -0.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 5.7 5.9 5.8 5.9 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 6.1 5.9 5.6 5.5 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.6 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 2004 March June September December 419 565 205 846 6,365 6,545 6,366 6,661 5,283 5,482 5,274 5,520 1,082 1,063 1,092 1,141 5,946 5,980 6,161 5,815 4,948 4,968 5,082 4,808 998 1,012 1,079 1,007 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.8 5.9 6.1 5.9 6.1 4.9 5.1 4.9 5.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.3 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 2005 March 298 6,345 5,249 1,096 6,047 5,003 1,044 0.2 5.8 4.8 1.0 5.6 4.6 1.0 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Table 2. Firm size class 1–4 employees: private sector quarterly gross job gains and gross job losses, levels and rates, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Year 1 3 months ended Rates (percent of employment) Gross job gains Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Gross job gains Closing firms Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Closing firms 1992 September December 72 24 913 891 380 377 533 514 841 867 380 382 461 485 1.5 0.5 18.5 17.9 7.7 7.6 10.8 10.3 17.0 17.4 7.7 7.7 9.3 9.7 1993 March June September December 42 61 125 41 897 917 937 888 377 387 389 389 520 530 548 499 855 856 812 847 381 370 375 377 474 486 437 470 0.9 1.2 2.5 0.9 18.0 18.3 18.6 17.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 10.4 10.6 10.9 9.9 17.1 17.1 16.1 16.7 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.4 9.5 9.7 8.7 9.3 1994 March June September December 27 59 135 -4 888 948 964 891 380 392 396 385 508 556 568 506 861 889 829 895 383 376 380 388 478 513 449 507 0.5 1.1 2.7 -0.1 17.5 18.6 18.9 17.4 7.5 7.7 7.8 7.5 10.0 10.9 11.1 9.9 17.0 17.5 16.2 17.5 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.6 9.4 10.1 8.8 9.9 1995 March June September December 69 42 38 20 927 929 931 929 390 383 393 387 537 546 538 542 858 887 893 909 386 387 387 391 472 500 506 518 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.4 18.1 18.0 18.0 18.0 7.6 7.4 7.6 7.5 10.5 10.6 10.4 10.5 16.7 17.2 17.3 17.6 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 9.2 9.7 9.8 10.0 1996 March June September December 46 54 87 31 938 955 971 945 389 393 395 394 549 562 576 551 892 901 884 914 385 387 392 394 507 514 492 520 0.9 1.1 1.7 0.6 18.1 18.4 18.6 18.0 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.5 10.6 10.8 11.0 10.5 17.2 17.3 16.9 17.4 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 9.8 9.9 9.4 9.9 1997 March June September December 82 35 34 1 972 946 951 965 401 395 400 399 571 551 551 566 890 911 917 964 387 391 391 399 503 520 526 565 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.0 18.5 17.9 18.0 18.3 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.6 10.9 10.4 10.4 10.7 17.0 17.3 17.4 18.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.6 9.6 9.9 10.0 10.7 1998 March June September December 49 113 24 4 996 1,003 958 929 394 396 395 400 602 607 563 529 947 890 934 925 387 385 396 386 560 505 538 539 1.0 2.2 0.4 0.1 18.9 18.9 17.9 17.4 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.5 11.4 11.4 10.5 9.9 17.9 16.7 17.5 17.3 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.2 10.6 9.5 10.1 10.1 1999 March June September December 52 -4 13 85 990 980 989 1,022 408 398 400 404 582 582 589 618 938 984 976 937 393 410 402 389 545 574 574 548 0.9 -0.1 0.3 1.6 18.5 18.4 18.6 19.2 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.6 10.9 10.9 11.1 11.6 17.6 18.5 18.3 17.6 7.4 7.7 7.5 7.3 10.2 10.8 10.8 10.3 2000 March June September December 56 27 -2 23 1,008 978 992 980 403 396 398 390 605 582 594 590 952 951 994 957 396 412 408 407 556 539 586 550 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 18.8 18.3 18.5 18.2 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.2 11.3 10.9 11.1 11.0 17.8 17.8 18.5 17.8 7.4 7.7 7.6 7.6 10.4 10.1 10.9 10.2 2001 March June September December 10 3 -69 32 949 929 924 953 385 380 368 372 564 549 556 581 939 926 993 921 392 393 397 388 547 533 596 533 0.2 0.0 -1.4 0.5 17.6 17.2 17.1 17.6 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.9 10.5 10.2 10.3 10.7 17.4 17.2 18.5 17.1 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.2 10.1 9.9 11.1 9.9 2002 March June September December 21 36 42 40 934 944 943 948 376 371 373 375 558 573 570 573 913 908 901 908 379 383 380 383 534 525 521 525 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 17.2 17.3 17.2 17.2 6.9 6.8 6.8 6.8 10.3 10.5 10.4 10.4 16.8 16.7 16.5 16.6 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 9.8 9.7 9.5 9.6 2003 March June September December -11 31 34 48 926 933 925 939 367 380 374 367 559 553 551 572 937 902 891 891 394 377 373 373 543 525 518 518 -0.3 0.6 0.6 0.8 16.8 16.9 16.8 16.9 6.7 6.9 6.8 6.6 10.1 10.0 10.0 10.3 17.1 16.3 16.2 16.1 7.2 6.8 6.8 6.7 9.9 9.5 9.4 9.4 2004 March June September December 70 25 20 113 987 942 965 1,015 385 377 372 384 602 565 593 631 917 917 945 902 383 377 374 381 534 540 571 521 1.2 0.4 0.4 1.9 17.7 16.9 17.3 18.0 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.8 10.8 10.1 10.6 11.2 16.5 16.5 16.9 16.1 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.8 9.6 9.7 10.2 9.3 2005 March 8 984 376 608 976 401 575 0.0 17.3 6.6 10.7 17.3 7.1 10.2 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Table 3. Firm size class 5–9 employees: private sector quarterly gross job gains and gross job losses, levels and rates, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Year 1 3 months ended Rates (percent of employment) Gross job gains Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Gross job gains Closing firms Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Closing firms 1992 September December 38 28 730 729 568 562 162 167 692 701 548 551 144 150 0.6 0.5 12.1 12.1 9.4 9.3 2.7 2.8 11.5 11.6 9.1 9.1 2.4 2.5 1993 March June September December 6 55 78 53 707 735 749 745 552 577 582 584 155 158 167 161 701 680 671 692 554 528 536 547 147 152 135 145 0.2 0.9 1.3 0.8 11.7 12.1 12.2 12.1 9.1 9.5 9.5 9.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 11.5 11.2 10.9 11.3 9.1 8.7 8.7 8.9 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.4 1994 March June September December 23 47 101 15 728 758 785 739 573 590 603 583 155 168 182 156 705 711 684 724 555 543 549 565 150 168 135 159 0.4 0.7 1.6 0.3 11.8 12.2 12.6 11.8 9.3 9.5 9.7 9.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.5 11.4 11.5 11.0 11.5 9.0 8.8 8.8 9.0 2.4 2.7 2.2 2.5 1995 March June September December 46 23 39 24 756 748 763 760 591 579 596 588 165 169 167 172 710 725 724 736 562 567 563 571 148 158 161 165 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.3 12.0 11.9 12.2 12.0 9.4 9.2 9.5 9.3 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 1996 March June September December 33 35 45 39 757 767 774 776 589 594 594 602 168 173 180 174 724 732 729 737 564 568 575 575 160 164 154 162 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.2 9.3 9.4 9.4 9.5 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 11.4 11.6 11.5 11.5 8.9 9.0 9.1 9.0 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.5 1997 March June September December 62 25 38 19 782 759 780 789 608 593 613 606 174 166 167 183 720 734 742 770 563 571 572 586 157 163 170 184 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 12.2 11.9 12.2 12.4 9.5 9.3 9.6 9.5 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.9 11.3 11.4 11.6 12.0 8.8 8.9 8.9 9.1 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.9 1998 March June September December 25 64 10 32 789 797 770 774 595 602 597 612 194 195 173 162 764 733 760 742 570 565 583 565 194 168 177 177 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.5 12.3 12.4 12.0 12.0 9.3 9.4 9.3 9.5 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.5 11.9 11.4 11.7 11.5 8.9 8.8 9.0 8.8 3.0 2.6 2.7 2.7 1999 March June September December 39 17 24 79 809 800 811 836 615 615 621 636 194 185 190 200 770 783 787 757 583 600 598 578 187 183 189 179 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.2 12.5 12.3 12.5 12.9 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.8 3.0 2.8 2.9 3.1 11.9 12.0 12.1 11.7 9.0 9.2 9.2 8.9 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 2000 March June September December 59 5 4 -1 832 796 810 786 635 610 620 604 197 186 190 182 773 791 806 787 590 617 614 611 183 174 192 176 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 12.7 12.1 12.4 12.0 9.7 9.3 9.5 9.2 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 11.8 12.1 12.3 12.0 9.0 9.4 9.4 9.3 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.7 2001 March June September December 15 -12 -54 -15 782 760 743 747 605 587 568 570 177 173 175 177 767 772 797 762 589 601 605 591 178 171 192 171 0.3 -0.2 -0.8 -0.3 12.0 11.6 11.4 11.4 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.7 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 11.7 11.8 12.2 11.7 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.1 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.6 2002 March June September December 23 11 11 2 760 754 747 739 583 575 574 574 177 179 173 165 737 743 736 737 572 580 576 577 165 163 160 160 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 11.6 11.5 11.3 11.2 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 11.2 11.3 11.2 11.2 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.8 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2003 March June September December -20 27 22 20 733 753 739 737 562 585 575 572 171 168 164 165 753 726 717 717 592 567 562 561 161 159 155 156 -0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 11.1 11.4 11.2 11.1 8.5 8.9 8.7 8.6 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5 11.4 11.0 10.8 10.7 9.0 8.6 8.5 8.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2004 March June September December 34 17 13 49 768 754 757 780 588 583 576 591 180 171 181 189 734 737 744 731 575 570 568 569 159 167 176 162 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.7 11.5 11.3 11.3 11.6 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.8 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.8 11.0 11.0 11.1 10.9 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.4 2005 March 7 770 582 188 763 592 171 0.2 11.5 8.7 2.8 11.3 8.8 2.5 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Table 4. Firm size class 10–19 employees: private sector quarterly gross gains and gross job losses, levels and rates, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Year 1 3 months ended Rates (percent of employment) Gross job gains Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Gross job gains Closing firms Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Closing firms 1992 September December 49 22 757 746 639 620 118 126 708 724 596 609 112 115 0.6 0.3 10.3 10.2 8.7 8.5 1.6 1.7 9.7 9.9 8.2 8.3 1.5 1.6 1993 March June September December 13 64 91 60 724 751 774 768 610 638 653 650 114 113 121 118 711 687 683 708 600 573 579 599 111 114 104 109 0.2 0.9 1.2 0.8 9.9 10.2 10.4 10.3 8.3 8.7 8.8 8.7 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 9.7 9.3 9.2 9.5 8.2 7.8 7.8 8.0 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1994 March June September December 45 60 122 35 759 780 820 771 644 659 685 657 115 121 135 114 714 720 698 736 602 592 597 616 112 128 101 120 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.4 10.1 10.4 10.8 10.1 8.6 8.8 9.0 8.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.5 9.5 9.6 9.2 9.7 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.1 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.6 1995 March June September December 64 26 59 29 791 775 802 791 669 651 679 664 122 124 123 127 727 749 743 762 614 629 619 635 113 120 124 127 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.4 10.3 10.1 10.4 10.2 8.7 8.5 8.8 8.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 9.5 9.8 9.6 9.8 8.0 8.2 8.0 8.2 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1996 March June September December 50 35 56 58 793 795 808 816 671 669 674 687 122 126 134 129 743 760 752 758 622 633 634 635 121 127 118 123 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 10.3 10.2 10.3 10.4 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 9.6 9.8 9.6 9.7 8.0 8.2 8.1 8.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1997 March June September December 80 31 59 35 822 789 818 828 697 669 696 692 125 120 122 136 742 758 759 793 620 634 632 647 122 124 127 146 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.4 10.5 10.0 10.3 10.4 8.9 8.5 8.8 8.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 9.5 9.6 9.6 10.0 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.2 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 1998 March June September December 38 66 26 52 828 830 809 815 680 683 682 699 148 147 127 116 790 764 783 763 636 632 648 628 154 132 135 135 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.6 10.5 10.4 10.1 10.1 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.7 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.4 9.9 9.6 9.8 9.5 8.0 7.9 8.1 7.8 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1999 March June September December 31 36 43 100 830 831 849 877 689 695 710 729 141 136 139 148 799 795 806 777 653 658 660 640 146 137 146 137 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.2 10.4 10.3 10.5 10.8 8.6 8.6 8.8 9.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 9.9 9.8 10.0 9.6 8.1 8.1 8.2 7.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 2000 March June September December 70 11 11 6 871 830 839 819 727 692 697 688 144 138 142 131 801 819 828 813 662 684 682 677 139 135 146 136 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 10.7 10.1 10.2 10.0 8.9 8.4 8.5 8.4 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 9.8 9.9 10.1 10.0 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.3 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 2001 March June September December 17 -32 -68 -36 821 794 770 769 691 666 641 639 130 128 129 130 804 826 838 805 665 692 691 674 139 134 147 131 0.2 -0.3 -0.8 -0.4 10.0 9.7 9.4 9.4 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 9.8 10.0 10.2 9.8 8.1 8.4 8.4 8.2 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 2002 March June September December 13 4 -4 -14 787 784 765 754 657 652 640 636 130 132 125 118 774 780 769 768 650 657 651 650 124 123 118 118 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.2 9.6 9.5 9.3 9.1 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 9.4 9.5 9.3 9.3 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.9 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 2003 March June September December -31 21 18 27 750 778 759 764 627 657 641 646 123 121 118 118 781 757 741 737 664 637 629 624 117 120 112 113 -0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 9.1 9.5 9.2 9.2 7.6 8.0 7.8 7.8 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 9.5 9.2 9.0 8.9 8.1 7.7 7.6 7.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 2004 March June September December 37 40 11 54 783 782 767 795 658 660 639 664 125 122 128 131 746 742 756 741 634 625 633 625 112 117 123 116 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.7 9.4 9.4 9.2 9.6 7.9 7.9 7.7 8.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 8.9 8.9 9.1 8.9 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4 2005 March 15 780 652 128 765 649 116 0.1 9.3 7.8 1.5 9.2 7.8 1.4 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Table 5. Firm size class 20–49 employees: private sector quarterly gross job gains and gross job losses, levels and rates, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Year 1 3 months ended Rates (percent of employment) Gross job gains Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Gross job gains Closing firms Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Closing firms 1992 September December 83 36 913 887 809 779 104 108 830 851 730 746 100 105 0.8 0.4 8.9 8.7 7.9 7.6 1.0 1.1 8.1 8.3 7.1 7.3 1.0 1.0 1993 March June September December 31 89 127 101 861 887 925 921 763 791 825 821 98 96 100 100 830 798 798 820 731 698 705 724 99 100 93 96 0.3 0.8 1.3 0.9 8.4 8.5 8.9 8.7 7.4 7.6 7.9 7.8 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 8.1 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.1 6.7 6.7 6.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1994 March June September December 68 104 176 65 904 932 985 926 805 828 870 830 99 104 115 96 836 828 809 861 735 717 721 754 101 111 88 107 0.6 1.0 1.7 0.6 8.5 8.7 9.2 8.5 7.6 7.7 8.1 7.6 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.7 6.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 1995 March June September December 104 35 108 63 954 920 973 959 850 813 866 850 104 107 107 109 850 885 865 896 749 778 753 782 101 107 112 114 1.1 0.3 1.0 0.6 8.8 8.4 8.8 8.7 7.8 7.4 7.8 7.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 7.7 8.1 7.8 8.1 6.8 7.1 6.8 7.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1996 March June September December 79 36 82 96 961 945 974 981 857 837 858 871 104 108 116 110 882 909 892 885 774 795 786 776 108 114 106 109 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.8 8.6 8.5 8.6 8.7 7.7 7.5 7.6 7.7 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 8.1 7.9 7.9 7.0 7.1 7.0 6.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1997 March June September December 118 38 108 63 996 940 999 1,004 889 839 891 889 107 101 108 115 878 902 891 941 766 790 778 800 112 112 113 141 1.0 0.3 0.9 0.5 8.7 8.2 8.7 8.7 7.8 7.3 7.8 7.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 7.7 7.9 7.8 8.2 6.7 6.9 6.8 7.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1998 March June September December 53 71 46 107 1,002 997 976 1,003 867 869 863 906 135 128 113 97 949 926 930 896 805 799 807 779 144 127 123 117 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.9 8.7 8.6 8.4 8.6 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8 8.3 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.7 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 1999 March June September December 34 65 72 138 996 1,007 1,032 1,063 875 887 912 933 121 120 120 130 962 942 960 925 828 821 824 800 134 121 136 125 0.3 0.6 0.5 1.2 8.5 8.6 8.7 9.0 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 8.2 8.0 8.2 7.8 7.1 7.0 7.0 6.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1 2000 March June September December 100 35 23 18 1,055 1,011 1,015 991 931 894 893 882 124 117 122 109 955 976 992 973 828 852 861 851 127 124 131 122 0.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 8.8 8.4 8.4 8.3 7.8 7.4 7.4 7.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1 6.9 7.1 7.2 7.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 2001 March June September December 1 -65 -119 -85 986 955 909 906 878 844 799 796 108 111 110 110 985 1,020 1,028 991 856 897 895 873 129 123 133 118 0.0 -0.6 -1.0 -0.7 8.2 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 8.2 8.5 8.6 8.3 7.1 7.5 7.5 7.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 2002 March June September December -3 8 -33 -31 933 941 894 882 824 829 792 786 109 112 102 96 936 933 927 913 829 825 826 812 107 108 101 101 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.4 6.9 7.0 6.7 6.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 2003 March June September December -57 27 16 21 873 917 885 889 773 818 791 794 100 99 94 95 930 890 869 868 831 789 777 774 99 101 92 94 -0.5 0.1 0.1 0.2 7.3 7.7 7.5 7.5 6.5 6.9 6.7 6.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.6 6.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 2004 March June September December 64 82 26 72 924 935 904 934 825 836 800 832 99 99 104 102 860 853 878 862 770 757 779 769 90 96 99 93 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 7.7 7.8 7.6 7.7 6.9 7.0 6.7 6.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 7.3 7.1 7.3 7.2 6.5 6.3 6.5 6.4 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 2005 March 33 912 814 98 879 788 91 0.2 7.5 6.7 0.8 7.3 6.5 0.8 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Table 6. Firm size class 50–99 employees: private sector quarterly gross job gains and gross job losses, levels and rates, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Year 1 3 months ended Rates (percent of employment) Gross job gains Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Gross job gains Closing firms Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Closing firms 1992 September December 60 38 580 576 533 527 47 49 520 538 473 487 47 51 0.7 0.4 7.5 7.4 6.9 6.8 0.6 0.6 6.8 7.0 6.2 6.3 0.6 0.7 1993 March June September December 36 64 100 80 559 566 597 596 514 525 554 552 45 41 43 44 523 502 497 516 475 455 452 470 48 47 45 46 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.0 7.3 7.3 7.6 7.6 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.6 6.1 5.9 5.8 6.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1994 March June September December 60 82 121 69 584 596 626 601 537 549 576 559 47 47 50 42 524 514 505 532 475 462 464 483 49 52 41 49 0.8 1.1 1.5 0.8 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.3 6.8 6.9 7.1 6.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.5 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 1995 March June September December 83 30 81 58 615 589 627 624 568 540 579 573 47 49 48 51 532 559 546 566 484 510 493 510 48 49 53 56 1.0 0.4 1.0 0.6 7.5 7.1 7.5 7.4 6.9 6.5 6.9 6.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 6.5 6.7 6.5 6.8 5.9 6.1 5.9 6.1 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 1996 March June September December 51 30 60 87 614 605 623 636 568 555 570 585 46 50 53 51 563 575 563 549 511 520 512 498 52 55 51 51 0.5 0.4 0.7 1.0 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.4 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.8 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1997 March June September December 78 44 89 59 634 604 649 650 586 557 598 597 48 47 51 53 556 560 560 591 503 507 508 515 53 53 52 76 1.0 0.4 1.1 0.6 7.4 6.9 7.5 7.4 6.8 6.4 6.9 6.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.8 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 1998 March June September December 53 39 46 86 656 633 627 646 589 574 578 603 67 59 49 43 603 594 581 560 531 527 522 505 72 67 59 55 0.6 0.4 0.5 1.0 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.3 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 6.9 6.8 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 1999 March June September December 24 46 57 102 639 646 666 689 584 590 612 628 55 56 54 61 615 600 609 587 550 543 545 524 65 57 64 63 0.2 0.5 0.6 1.1 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.6 6.5 6.6 6.8 6.9 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 2000 March June September December 82 37 32 14 682 656 662 631 627 607 609 585 55 49 53 46 600 619 630 617 540 558 567 558 60 61 63 59 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 7.5 7.1 7.2 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 6.6 6.8 6.9 6.7 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 2001 March June September December -27 -68 -112 -93 620 606 562 562 574 558 515 514 46 48 47 48 647 674 674 655 583 616 609 599 64 58 65 56 -0.3 -0.7 -1.2 -1.1 6.8 6.6 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.1 5.7 5.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.3 6.4 6.7 6.7 6.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 2002 March June September December -21 12 -30 -35 578 595 558 545 534 548 516 506 44 47 42 39 599 583 588 580 548 534 541 533 51 49 47 47 -0.2 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 6.5 6.6 6.3 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 6.7 6.5 6.6 6.5 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 2003 March June September December -29 -1 3 8 548 566 548 552 509 527 510 513 39 39 38 39 577 567 545 544 533 522 505 503 44 45 40 41 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 6.4 6.2 6.2 5.7 6.0 5.8 5.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2004 March June September December 62 74 32 40 586 593 571 576 547 554 529 535 39 39 42 41 524 519 539 536 485 478 496 498 39 41 43 38 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.5 6.5 6.6 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.2 5.9 5.9 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 5.8 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 2005 March 31 564 527 37 533 495 38 0.4 6.2 5.8 0.4 5.8 5.4 0.4 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Table 7. Firm size class 100–249 employees: private sector quarterly gross job gains and gross job losses, levels and rates, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Year 1 3 months ended Rates (percent of employment) Gross job gains Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Gross job gains Closing firms Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Closing firms 1992 September December 46 47 595 605 562 568 33 37 549 558 511 515 38 43 0.5 0.4 6.4 6.4 6.0 6.0 0.4 0.4 5.9 6.0 5.5 5.5 0.4 0.5 1993 March June September December 60 87 115 88 599 606 638 630 563 577 607 600 36 29 31 30 539 519 523 542 500 479 485 506 39 40 38 36 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.9 6.3 6.3 6.6 6.5 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.0 5.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1994 March June September December 78 120 135 92 621 649 666 650 583 614 630 619 38 35 36 31 543 529 531 558 505 486 499 517 38 43 32 41 0.8 1.3 1.4 0.9 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.4 5.9 6.2 6.3 6.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.5 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 1995 March June September December 89 56 91 76 655 636 668 670 620 601 635 630 35 35 33 40 566 580 577 594 528 540 534 549 38 40 43 45 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.8 6.4 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.1 5.8 6.1 6.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1996 March June September December 52 46 88 111 656 649 684 688 621 610 642 652 35 39 42 36 604 603 596 577 561 561 551 534 43 42 45 43 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.0 6.2 6.2 6.5 6.4 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1997 March June September December 74 83 120 76 673 662 712 714 638 626 669 672 35 36 43 42 599 579 592 638 556 536 548 568 43 43 44 70 0.7 0.8 1.1 0.7 6.2 6.1 6.5 6.5 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.8 5.1 4.9 5.0 5.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 1998 March June September December 80 57 69 92 725 699 693 700 667 651 653 669 58 48 40 31 645 642 624 608 589 580 575 561 56 62 49 47 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.9 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.0 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 1999 March June September December 14 78 67 123 699 716 720 754 652 669 678 707 47 47 42 47 685 638 653 631 629 591 600 579 56 47 53 52 0.1 0.7 0.6 1.0 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.6 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 6.1 5.6 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.2 5.3 5.1 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 2000 March June September December 109 60 45 31 750 717 722 696 710 683 684 663 40 34 38 33 641 657 677 665 594 607 623 615 47 50 54 50 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.3 6.5 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 2001 March June September December -55 -95 -151 -127 672 655 600 597 642 622 567 562 30 33 33 35 727 750 751 724 666 702 697 679 61 48 54 45 -0.4 -0.8 -1.4 -1.2 5.8 5.6 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.3 4.9 4.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.1 6.0 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 2002 March June September December -28 3 -38 -42 622 637 589 579 592 605 564 553 30 32 25 26 650 634 627 621 607 591 588 584 43 43 39 37 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 5.5 5.7 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.0 4.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 2003 March June September December -30 -9 2 6 586 598 574 578 562 573 552 554 24 25 22 24 616 607 572 572 581 573 543 539 35 34 29 33 -0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.1 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.9 5.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 5.5 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 2004 March June September December 79 78 52 60 618 629 621 618 596 605 593 592 22 24 28 26 539 551 569 558 509 522 534 530 30 29 35 28 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 2005 March 51 604 581 23 553 524 29 0.4 5.2 5.0 0.2 4.8 4.5 0.3 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Table 8. Firm size class 250–499 employees: private sector quarterly gross job gains and gross job losses, levels and rates, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Year 1 3 months ended Rates (percent of employment) Gross job gains Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Gross job gains Closing firms Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Closing firms 1992 September December 30 24 348 351 334 334 14 17 318 327 300 308 18 19 0.4 0.4 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.3 0.2 0.3 5.1 5.2 4.8 4.9 0.3 0.3 1993 March June September December 35 67 75 55 343 359 376 373 327 347 365 362 16 12 11 11 308 292 301 318 291 274 282 301 17 18 19 17 0.6 1.0 1.2 0.8 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.7 5.2 5.4 5.7 5.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.6 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1994 March June September December 57 96 83 55 374 403 404 392 356 387 388 380 18 16 16 12 317 307 321 337 301 289 309 318 16 18 12 19 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.8 5.7 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.7 5.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.3 4.6 4.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 1995 March June September December 53 33 60 50 388 377 400 402 374 363 386 383 14 14 14 19 335 344 340 352 319 326 318 332 16 18 22 20 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.7 5.6 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 4.8 5.0 4.8 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 1996 March June September December 22 65 50 63 391 409 406 408 374 392 388 391 17 17 18 17 369 344 356 345 350 326 335 325 19 18 21 20 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 1997 March June September December 56 63 60 66 413 411 429 438 395 395 407 418 18 16 22 20 357 348 369 372 337 327 346 341 20 21 23 31 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 5.6 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 1998 March June September December 72 21 56 60 455 431 430 433 428 409 411 418 27 22 19 15 383 410 374 373 358 377 351 351 25 33 23 22 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.8 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.4 5.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 5.0 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 1999 March June September December 1 46 48 75 434 443 447 468 411 418 430 449 23 25 17 19 433 397 399 393 405 372 377 368 28 25 22 25 0.0 0.6 0.6 1.0 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.9 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 5.6 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 2000 March June September December 88 40 22 7 477 445 444 424 459 430 427 411 18 15 17 13 389 405 422 417 370 383 398 396 19 22 24 21 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.0 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.2 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 2001 March June September December -45 -91 -111 -102 410 385 361 358 398 372 345 342 12 13 16 16 455 476 472 460 423 453 450 441 32 23 22 19 -0.6 -1.2 -1.4 -1.3 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.9 5.2 5.7 5.7 5.7 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 2002 March June September December -14 -13 -19 -28 385 381 356 354 372 366 347 342 13 15 9 12 399 394 375 382 377 372 357 366 22 22 18 16 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.8 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 2003 March June September December -24 -13 3 14 353 357 357 360 343 347 348 350 10 10 9 10 377 370 354 346 361 357 341 331 16 13 13 15 -0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.2 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2004 March June September December 39 40 35 41 365 374 376 376 358 364 366 366 7 10 10 10 326 334 341 335 312 323 325 321 14 11 16 14 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 2005 March 36 364 356 8 328 315 13 0.4 4.6 4.5 0.1 4.2 4.0 0.2 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Table 9. Firm size class 500–999 employees: private sector quarterly gross job gains and gross job losses, levels and rates, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Year 1 3 months ended Rates (percent of employment) Gross job gains Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Gross job gains Closing firms Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Closing firms 1992 September December 19 23 273 274 261 265 12 9 254 251 241 239 13 12 0.3 0.5 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.6 0.2 0.2 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 0.2 0.2 1993 March June September December 41 67 42 55 276 287 294 306 266 280 287 299 10 7 7 7 235 220 252 251 224 207 238 236 11 13 14 15 0.7 1.1 0.7 1.0 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.0 3.7 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.5 4.0 3.9 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1994 March June September December 49 67 74 53 302 315 322 317 292 303 314 311 10 12 8 6 253 248 248 264 243 231 242 255 10 17 6 9 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.9 5.0 4.9 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 1995 March June September December 51 30 76 23 311 301 339 315 302 292 330 304 9 9 9 11 260 271 263 292 250 260 248 277 10 11 15 15 0.7 0.4 1.2 0.4 4.8 4.6 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.5 5.1 4.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.4 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1996 March June September December 11 50 47 62 314 330 343 346 303 320 329 334 11 10 14 12 303 280 296 284 290 269 282 272 13 11 14 12 0.2 0.7 0.7 0.9 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.1 4.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1997 March June September December 26 38 67 54 334 338 371 369 322 328 351 355 12 10 20 14 308 300 304 315 294 282 289 294 14 18 15 21 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.8 4.8 4.8 5.3 5.2 4.6 4.7 5.0 5.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 1998 March June September December 87 4 50 39 400 359 361 365 383 346 348 353 17 13 13 12 313 355 311 326 296 332 294 307 17 23 17 19 1.2 0.1 0.7 0.5 5.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.3 4.8 4.8 4.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.3 4.9 4.3 4.5 4.1 4.6 4.1 4.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 1999 March June September December 20 33 46 67 376 373 371 384 358 354 358 374 18 19 13 10 356 340 325 317 336 322 314 303 20 18 11 14 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.9 5.0 5.1 5.0 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 2000 March June September December 70 44 32 0 386 373 374 357 374 364 363 351 12 9 11 6 316 329 342 357 305 317 328 341 11 12 14 16 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 2001 March June September December -20 -94 -123 -90 353 311 285 294 348 306 277 281 5 5 8 13 373 405 408 384 352 389 393 372 21 16 15 12 -0.2 -1.2 -1.6 -1.2 4.6 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 4.8 5.3 5.4 5.2 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 2002 March June September December -19 -24 -14 -16 317 311 302 298 308 303 297 291 9 8 5 7 336 335 316 314 320 320 303 307 16 15 13 7 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 2003 March June September December -24 -37 3 1 288 288 291 281 283 282 286 275 5 6 5 6 312 325 288 280 302 317 280 272 10 8 8 8 -0.3 -0.5 0.1 0.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.3 4.5 4.0 3.9 4.2 4.4 3.9 3.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2004 March June September December 33 41 12 45 299 312 300 314 295 306 295 308 4 6 5 6 266 271 288 269 257 266 279 259 9 5 9 10 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.7 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2005 March 22 291 287 4 269 262 7 0.4 4.0 3.9 0.1 3.6 3.5 0.1 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. Table 10. Firm size class 1,000 or more employees: private sector quarterly gross job gains and gross job losses, levels and rates, seasonally adjusted Levels (in thousands) Year 1 3 months ended Rates (percent of employment) Gross job gains Net change1 Total Expanding firms Gross job losses Opening firms Total Contracting firms Gross job losses Gross job gains Closing firms Net change1 Total Expanding firms Opening firms Total Contracting firms Closing firms 1992 September December 135 10 1,016 927 1,003 921 13 6 881 917 857 910 24 7 0.4 0.0 3.2 2.9 3.2 2.9 0.0 0.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.9 0.1 0.0 1993 March June September December -7 201 188 93 903 1,062 1,089 1,014 897 1,055 1,076 1,010 6 7 13 4 910 861 901 921 893 835 892 908 17 26 9 13 -0.1 0.6 0.5 0.3 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1994 March June September December 63 368 299 113 1,011 1,177 1,199 1,084 995 1,154 1,191 1,081 16 23 8 3 948 809 900 971 938 773 896 962 10 36 4 9 0.1 1.2 0.8 0.4 3.0 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.9 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.7 2.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1995 March June September December 149 124 309 27 1,101 1,106 1,215 1,114 1,093 1,100 1,209 1,094 8 6 6 20 952 982 906 1,087 941 971 891 1,067 11 11 15 20 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.0 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.8 2.8 2.6 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.6 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1996 March June September December 166 294 169 254 1,230 1,268 1,247 1,226 1,214 1,260 1,232 1,208 16 8 15 18 1,064 974 1,078 972 1,046 955 1,042 970 18 19 36 2 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.8 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 1997 March June September December 262 254 352 233 1,307 1,254 1,417 1,394 1,288 1,236 1,389 1,373 19 18 28 21 1,045 1,000 1,065 1,161 1,025 972 1,023 1,126 20 28 42 35 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.7 3.7 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.8 3.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1998 March June September December 443 206 415 187 1,616 1,422 1,516 1,357 1,602 1,394 1,498 1,345 14 28 18 12 1,173 1,216 1,101 1,170 1,164 1,195 1,087 1,136 9 21 14 34 1.1 0.5 1.1 0.4 4.2 3.7 3.9 3.4 4.2 3.6 3.9 3.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.1 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 1999 March June September December 315 209 248 227 1,564 1,457 1,476 1,431 1,527 1,412 1,459 1,421 37 45 17 10 1,249 1,248 1,228 1,204 1,228 1,219 1,216 1,198 21 29 12 6 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.5 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 2000 March June September December 238 227 35 176 1,403 1,373 1,362 1,412 1,372 1,363 1,352 1,392 31 10 10 20 1,165 1,146 1,327 1,236 1,152 1,128 1,310 1,218 13 18 17 18 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 2.7 3.2 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.2 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2001 March June September December 139 -381 -578 -456 1,483 1,187 1,032 1,182 1,474 1,181 1,027 1,134 9 6 5 48 1,344 1,568 1,610 1,638 1,318 1,552 1,592 1,627 26 16 18 11 0.2 -0.9 -1.4 -1.1 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.3 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.2 3.7 3.9 4.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2002 March June September December 95 -172 -79 -106 1,326 1,174 1,135 1,146 1,310 1,170 1,128 1,140 16 4 7 6 1,231 1,346 1,214 1,252 1,212 1,338 1,177 1,241 19 8 37 11 0.3 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.8 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.3 2.9 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 2003 March June September December -129 -237 20 182 1,060 1,027 1,070 1,177 1,056 1,022 1,054 1,171 4 5 16 6 1,189 1,264 1,050 995 1,171 1,256 1,046 988 18 8 4 7 -0.3 -0.6 0.1 0.4 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.9 3.2 2.6 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2004 March June September December 1 168 4 372 1,035 1,224 1,105 1,253 1,031 1,197 1,104 1,248 4 27 1 5 1,034 1,056 1,101 881 1,023 1,050 1,094 856 11 6 7 25 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.9 2.6 3.1 2.7 3.1 2.6 3.0 2.7 3.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 2005 March 95 1,076 1,074 2 981 977 4 0.2 2.6 2.6 0.0 2.4 2.4 0.0 Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.