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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

SEVENTH CONFERENCE

GOVERNORS O F FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS

WASHINGTON, D. C.

- SHOREHAM H O T E L

WALTER

S. COX

SHORTHAND REPORTER
COLUMBIAN

BUIDING—TEL.

WASHINGTON,

D . C.

M . 8324


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e

D

A

E Ss

Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D . C .
Tuesday, April 18, 1916.

The Conference reassembled a t 9:30 o'clock a. m ,
pursuant t o adjournment, Governor Strong presiding.
The Chairman: G e n t l e m e n , t h e meeting will please

come to order.
We c o n c l u d e d o u r d i s c u s s i o n y e s t e r d a y , having c o m p l e t -

ed the first nine items o n the pregram, b u t w e omitted a n y

reference t o Topic No. 8,"Foreign arrangements.”

A r e yau

interested i n this subject o f foreign arrangements,

o r do

you w a n t t o p o s t p o n e i t s c o n s i d e r a t i o n u n t i l a f t e r t h e w a r

is over?
would l i k e v e r y m u c h t o h e a r

Governor McCord: I

something about i t myself, f o r this reason:

W e have some

cotton t h a t t h e y h a v e g o t t o have o v e r i n t h e t country,

war

or n o war, a n d w e want t o know what i s going t o b e t h e result o f t h e proposition.

O

f course

are n o t t o g o against t h e w i s h e s

m y views

o r wishes

o f t h e m a j o r i t y here.

If t h e g e n t l e m e n presj@mt d o n o t w a n t t o h e a r i t I

will

ply s i t d o w n a n d b e Satisfied.

8. F O R E I G N ARRANGEMENTS.
The Chairman: I

suppose w e a l l agree about what t h e

Act means i n regard t o foreign arrangements.

T h e Act i s

very specific a s t o what t h e Federal Reserve Banks a r e e x -

pected t o do. S e c t i o n 14 cf the Act provides that Federal |


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

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Reserve Banks m a y open a n d maintain banking accounts i n
foreign countries, a p p o i n t c o r r e s p o n d e n t s

a n d establish

agencies i n such countries, wheresoever i t m a y deem best
for t h e purpose o f purchasing, selling a n d collecting bills
of exchange, a n d t o buy a m s e l l w i t h o r without i t s endorsoments, t h r o u g h s u c h c o r r e s p o n d e n t s

o r agencies, b i l l s

of

exchange arising o u t o f actual commercial transactions
which h a v e n o t m o r e t h a n n i n e t y d a y s t o r u n a n d w h i c h b e a r

the Signature o f two o r more responsibie parties.
There i s n o power conferred u p o n t h e Federal Reserve
Banks, u n d e r t h e t e r m s o f t h e act,

t o do a

general b a n k i n g

business i n foreign countries, a n d certainly t h e Act
never contemplated that anything o f the sort should b e
undertaken

b y t h e r e s e r v e banks.

T h e y a r e merely permit-

ted t o use their funds i n foreign countries t o buy bills
of certain specific character, a n d the problem o f making

the necessary arrangements f o r the purchaseof the bills i s
a comparatively simple one.
somebody,

buy bills,

T h e y simply have t o select

o r appoint t h e i r o w n man, w h o i s c o m p e t e n t

t o buy them.

to

W h e n i t i s not profitable t o

buy t h e m they discontinue buying t h e m and let t h e m r u n
off.

T h e s e bills c a n b e purchased, u n d e r t h e terms o f

the Act, w h e n t h e y c r i g i n a t e

i n this c o u n t r y ,

a s document-

ary bills, o r they may be purchased i n foreign countries
after t h e y h a v e b e e n accepted.

I have always f e l t that i t would b e a mistake f o r t h e
Federal Reserve Banks t o jump into t h e exchange market a n d
buy long documentary bills i n competition w i t h their o w n


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members a n d p r i o r t o acceptance,

a n d undertake a l l t h e

trouble a n d e x p e n s e o f t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t

o f all t h e machin-

ery necessary f o r the handling o f documentary bills, w h i c h
is not a Simple thing a t all.

i t would b e a mistake f o r

them t o d o that when they c a n sidestep a l l o f that compli-

cation b y buying their bills abroad after the documents
have b e e n d e t a c h e d a n d a f t e r t h e b i l l s

h a v e b e e n accepted.

Proceeding u p o n t h a t t h e o r y w e w o u l d l e t t h e b i l l s
country, S u c h b i l l s a s w o u l d o r i g i n a t e

go through i n the ordinary course,

i n this

i n y o u r district,

T h e y a r e all bought.

There a r e lots o f buyers f o r those bills, a n d t h e profit
to t h e b a n k i n b u y i n g t h e b i l l h e r e r a t h e r t h a n i n buying

it

abroad i s i n the exchange turn-over a n d i s not i n the interest at. all, a s a rule.
interest profit.

w e would b u y t h e bills f o r a n

T h e o r d i n a r y b u y e r o f those b i l l s b u y s

them f o r t h e e x c h a n g e p r o f i t ,

t o make f o r e i g n exchange f o r

him. T h e r e f o r e t h e only matters that I

investigated o v e r

there particularly w i t h reference t o bills were t h e general
bill market, t h e type o f bill, a n d s o forth, t h a t was i n
circulation there, a n d the general subject o f arrangements
for representation i n Paris a n d London. I

think something

can b e done, w h e n t h e time comes f o r u s t o d o it, i n a
very S a t i s f a c t o r y w a y t h r o u g h s o m e o f t h e i m p o r t a n t b a n k s

over there. F u r t h e r m o r e , 1
mdeon

such a

think arrangements c a n b e

basis t h a t w o w i l l n o t h a v e t o b o t h e r v e r y

much about t h e credit;

t h a t wie will g e t guarantys t h a t

are satisfactory f o r a l l the bills t h a t w e buy.
that i t very much simplifies t h e work.

I f we do

W e could handle


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the a c c o u n t j u s t e x a c t l y a s w e h a n d l e t h e p r e s e n t i n v e s t -

ment account,

o r some other arrangement better t h a n that

could b e devised,

i f desirable,

b y which these bills a r e

purchased i n large blocks, either shipped over here o r
held o v e r t h e r e f o r o u r a c c o u n t a n d a
madc;

report o f t h e p u r c h a s e

t h e y could b e collected a s t h e y mature a n d t h e pro-

ceeds paid i n t o o u r account.
We also could m a k e arrangements o v e r there b y which
wouldb
e drawing interest,

all o f our balances
course,

a t t h e p r e s e n t time,

a m of

a t v e r y s a t i s f a c t o r y rates.

While I l was over there I

could have purchased some

millions o f pounds sterling o f the very best bills t h a t
you could want, m a n y o f them bearing t h e endorsement o f
good American banks,

i n which w e all have supreme confidence.

But i t did not seem wise, without having a n understanding
with t h e F e d e r a l R e s e r v e B o a r d i n Washington,

a t a n y rate,

to begin this business until t h e whole subject h a d been
thoroughly t h r e s h e d out.
Governor Wold:

Y o u a r e completely satisfied t h a t w e

ougnt not t o buy bills here, then?
The Chairman:

Yes.

tion w i t h o u r o w n members,

I t j u s t brings u s i n competiY o u accomplish absolutely

nothing b y doing i t except t o put yourself i n the market
on this e n d f o r possibly a
fourth exchange profit.

is t o it.

one-sixteenth o r one-sixth-

T h a t i s all t h e advantage there

T h e bill goes over there and the interest

rate i s j u s t t h e s a m e w h e t h e r y o u b u y i t o v e r h e r e o r o f e r

there, because y o u a r e discounting i t o n the basis o f the


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discount r a t e o v e r t h e r e a n d n o t o n t h e b a s i s O f t h e d i s =
count r a t e o v e r here,

Governor McCord:

S o m e o f our member banks want u s

to handle t h e i r foreign bills. I

d o not m e a n t h e y want

us t o carry them for them, b u t t o handle t h e m for their
credit.

I s i t possible t h a t a n arrangement c a n b e m a d e

whereby these c a n b e sold b y y o u i n New York t o advantage
and p u t u s o n a n e q u a l f o o t t i n g w i t h t h e s t a t e b a n k s ?

The Chairman:

O h , yes, w e c a n handle that business.

That i s s i m p l y h a n d l i n g N e w Y o r k exchange.

Governor McCord: C e r t a i n l y , b u t i t must b e i n this
form.

T h e draft h a s g o t t o have the documents attached

and y e t i t i s n o t accepted.
and o f c o u r s e t h e r e i s a

I

t passes

t o t h e other side,

telegraphic a c c e p t a n c e

o r arrange-

ment w h e r e b y i t i s accepted.
Governor Strong:

W

e have handled a

great m a n y m i l -

lions o f these ce. tton drafts a t the Trust Company,
they a r e o f this native.

am

Y o u r member bank sells a

at 9 0 days S i g h t o n London, w i t h d o c u m e n t s a t t a c h e d ,

the New York correspondent.
correspondent,

documents,

I

draft
t o

t draws o n the New York

a t t a c h i n g t h e L o n d o n draft, w i t h a l l t h e

t o the N e w York draft.

Governor McCord:
The Chairman:

Yes.

Y o u r bank does n o t endorse t h e London

draft a t all.

Governor McCord:
The Chairman:
member bank.

I

N o .

T h e transaction i s between y o u a m y u u r

t would simply b e buying s o much N e w York


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

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exchange.

T h e p a p e r s a n d t h e L o n d o n draft, a t t a c h e d

to

the New York draft, are negotiated i n New York a t some
exchange h o u s e , l i k e t h e G u a r a n t y T r u s t C o m p a n y ,

a n d your

interest i s i n giving service t o your member bank i n negotiating that draft.
That i 8 easy.

T h e r e i s n o difficulty i n doing that.

I t i s easy enough t o make arrangements t o

negotiate those drafts f o r s o many days until that draft
and t h e d o c u m e n t s a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a c c e p t a n c e

that is, s o long a s your credit i s good.

i n Londong

T h e holder o f

the draft i s taking a risk that the documents are i n order

and that they represent real cotton; that the credit is
opén and that the draft will b e adteopted when presented i n
Londons
Governor M c C o r d ?

W

e require that o u r member banks

guarantee t h e p r o d u c t r e p r e s e n t e d

b y t h e lading.

A t what rate could those choice

Governor Fancher:

bills h a v e been purchased a t this time?

The Chairman: I

was i n the Union Discount Company,

Nugent
talking with S i r Christopher , one day, w h e n a batch o f

think

bills came i n that h e had just purchased himself. I

in round figures there was $750,000 worth o f bills o r 150,000
pounds worth.

H e said that there w a s a

that h e could sell a t 5-1/8, I
Guarantee

batch o f bills

think i t was, w i t h t h e

o f t h e Union Discount Company, w h i c h w a s a

oughly responsible institution. I

thor-

looked a t all o f those

bills a n d every dollar o f them were American bills bearing
the e n d o r s e m e n t

o f t h e Farmers L o a n a n d Trust Company,

Equitable T r u s t C o m p a n y ,

J . P. Morgan &

Company,

the

t h e Bank


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

ath

do not think there were a n y

of California, a n d S o on. I

Bankers Trust Company bills there, b u t there were s o m e
Guaranty's

a n d some Hanover National Bank.

A

t a n y rate

they were a l l names with which w e are thoroughly familiar
and k n o w t o b e absolutely good.

Then I was i n Lloyds Bank one day and Sir Felix
Schuster s h o w e d m e a

batch o f b i l l s t h a t h e h a d p u r c h a s e d

in the market, j u s t a million pounds sterling.

M a n y of

those b i l b came f r o m the east, b u t i f you are acquainted
with t h e n a m e s

o n the London market y o u would realize t h a t

each a n d every one o f t h e m was just a s good a s wheat.
of t h e l a r g e s t b a n k s

Some

i n London, Paris, U n i o n o f London, S m i t h s ,

the London City Midland, and most o f them bore also the endoresement o f colonial banks like t h e Hong Kong a n d Shanghai
and t h e C h a r t e r Bank.

T h e y looked awful good, a n d i t was

very tempting.

Governor Seay:
The Chairman:

A t 5-1/8?
Y e s .

T h e rate i s a

little l o w e r n o w

than i t was.

Governor wold:

I f you will observe t h e liability o f

some o f those eastern banks o n account o f the endorsement
om bills, y o u will s e e that i t runs into very large figures.
The Chairman:

Y e s , b u t that i s their business.

far a s t h e i r e a s t e r n b u s i n e s s

houses,
pany.

S o

i s concerned t h e y a r e discount

i n effect, l i k e t h e Union o r National Discount ComT h e y gather those bills

u p i n all t h e markets

where t h e y have offices a n d send t h e m through t o London f o r
acceptance a n d discount.


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Governor McCord:
ancc h o u s e

I s not t h i s true, t h a t i f a n accen-

i n London begins

t o accept certain matters

arc n o t standard, t h e y lose o u t themselves? I
the c l a s s o f t h e i r p a p e r b e g i n s
The Chairman:

W h e n a

that

mean, that

t o g e t below p a r ?

name a p p e a r s t o o m u c h i n t h e

market there i t develops w h a t t h e London bankers c a l l a

"Market resistance".
Mr+ Curtis:

T h a t i s certainly a

The Chairman:

Yes.

and s e n s i t i v e i n s t r u m e n t .

very p o l i t e term.

T h e market i s a mas t
I

delicate

t detacts t h e m r i g h t away.

The bills a r e s o current t h a t t h e y pass around f r o m hand
to h a n d v e r y frequently.

F o r instance Mr. Padgett,

the

head o f the discount department o f t h e Bank o f ungland,
sald t o m e t h a t t h e m o s t d i f f i c u l t p a r t o f h i s j o b w a s t o
throw o u t o f t h e b u n d l e s

they a r e n o t i n c l i n e d
putting a

o f bills which

t o take.

red m a r k o n a

H

com

i n those that

e said i t was just like

bill, b e c a u s e e v e r y t i m e t h e y d o

it the fact gets known around t h e market.

T h e y handle

that matter with great skill and delicacy s o that offense
is n o t given.

B u t t h e market i s s o well educated a s t o

what t h e Bank o f England will o r will n o t take that there
are very f e w bills offered there that t h e y are n o t certain
the b a n k w i l l take.

Governor McCord:

W e see that i n our experience.

When a bank begins t o discount with us w e throw out a certain c l a s s

o f paper.

T h e y take t h e hint t h a t that class

of p a p e r w i l l n o t p a s s w i t h u s a m t h e y d o n o t s e n d i t in.
The Chairman:

O

f course t h e bill business

i n London


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

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is a

t o what i t i s i n Paris.

mere b a g a t e l l e

the d i s c o u n t d e p a r t m e n t

T h e head o f

o f t h e B a n k o f France, M r . P a l l i a n

told m e h e had 450 clerks i n his department j u s t handling
the bills that c a m e in; a n d a thousand messengers.
said t h e r e w e r e d a y s

H e

o n which h e h a d c o l l e c t e d 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 b i l l s

in the City o f Paris b y hand; that h o had collected that
many i n o n e day.

Governor Wold :

T h o s e bilis average very small.

The a v e r a g e a m o u n t i s v e r y s m a l l coinpa red w i t h t h e a v e r a g e

amourt o f the bills i n London and New York:
The Chairman: ‘ T h e vbdlithe af bills that comes into the
Bank of ngland i s not determined b y the necessity of the

bank for rea@isddint or credit. I

think it ms been the

fuppeastion i n this country that the Bank o f France has discounted a n immense quantity o f bills f o r bamks o v e r there
that n e e d t o build u p their reserves t o meet demands m a d e
upon them.

B u t t h a t i s n o t r e a l l y t h e c a s e a t all.

Bank o f France charges a

T h e

minimum discount o f five days,

at the bank rate, o n every bill which i s discounted, e v e n
if i t h a s o n l y o n e d a y t o run.

T h e i r facilities f o r

collection a r e s o vastly superior t o those o f a n y other
bank that i t i s the custom a f t h e banks there t o dump a l l
their bills o n them within five days o f maturity.
Governor S e a y :

T h e y m u s t c h a r g e a s m u c h a s 1,000

per c e n t i n s o m e c a s e s ,

The Chairman:
Long t h e b i l l runs.
France

i s simply a

T h e y charge f i v e days, n o matter h o w
I

t really means t h a t t h e Bank o f

collection a g e n c y f o r a l l o f t h e s e d o m e s -


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

$20 Bilis.
Governor Fancher:

S

o t h a t i n effect t h e five d a y

minimum interest charge i s really a
The Chairman:

I

service charge?

t i s really a

service charge- W h e n

you read over t h e figures o f what t h e Bank o f France does
in bills, t h e turn-over, a n d s o on, i t looks a s though they
are doing a n immense discount business, w h e n i n reality
it i s a n immense collection business.
Governor Fancher:

I s Paris a n open m r k e t f o r t h e

purchase of such bills a s the Federal Reserve Banks might
want, o r is London the market?
The Chairman:

L o n d o n i s the matkets

Y o u can buy

the bills i n Paris, b u t y o u d o not b u y them t h e same w a y
that y o u d o i n London, because t h e y have n o discount houses
and n o b i l l b r o k e r s

i n t h e s e n s e t h a t t h e y h a v e i n London.

The transactions between t h e banks i n bills a r e conducted
by a rather cheap l o t o f brokers t h a t deal i n anything f r o m
a pawn ticket t o a n automobile,

o r life insurance a n d bonds

and stocks o f foreign exchange.
Governor Fancher:

The Chairman:
Governor Seay:

A n d scalps a

Small c o m m i s s i o n ?

Yes.
A r e t h e bills a l l subject

t o prtest

it not. pard?

The Chairman:
Governor Seay:
item, I

Yes.
T h e r e i s n o protest o n a ten dollar

presume?

Governor Wold:
conccrns.

Y o u refer t o brokers

a m discounting

T h e discounting concerns referred

t o i n London


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Lin
Giscount t h e i r o w n bills.

T h e y would n o t g o through a

bill broker, w o u l d they?
The Chairman: I

d i d n o t understand t h a t , G o v e r n o r

Wold.
Governor Wold: I

was speaking o f the discount concerns.

If they wish t o melt five millions o f bills, t h e y would
take i t t o the Bank o f +ngland.themselves a n d would n e t take
Lt t o

s e o

e

The Chairman:
happens

T h a t i s not t h e w a y i t works.

W h a t

i n t h e c a s e o f t h e U n i o n D i s c o u n t C o m p a n y i s this;

they a r e b u y i n g b i l l s f r o m a l l o f t h e various b a n k i n g a g e n -

cies.

T h e y b u y the bills t h a t come into t h e Oharter Bank

of London,

t h e R i v e r Platte Bank, t h e B a n k o f India,

Australian banks, a n d s o on.

T h e y have a

ment w i t h t h e m a n d q u o t e t h e m a

rate.

the

regular arrange-

T h e y might b u y

them from the Guaranty Trust Company, t h e Equitable Trust
Company,

o r the Farmers L o a n Company, American bills, w h i c h

bills a r e drawn s a y a t 9 0 days sight a n d r u n for 9 3 days,
on account

o f t h e t h r e e d a y s grate.

T h e arrangement t h e y

make w i t h most o f their customers, f r o m whom they b u y bills,
is t h a t t h e y w i l l g i v e t h e m a
ance.

discount t h e d a y a f t e r a c c e p t -

T h a t g i v e s o n e d a y f o r acceptance.

count c o m p a n y s e l l s t h e b i l l i t h a s 9 2 d a y s

W h e n t h e dist o run.

T h e

Union Discount Company does n o t necessarily s e l l those
bills, b u t frequently carries them, because t h e y receive
many deposits o n which t h e y allow a rate o f interest a t a
Somewhat l e s s r a t e t h a n t h e a v e r a g e t h e y a r e p a y i n g o n t h e
© Sebaape

I f the market s h o u l d show a

tendency t o g o up, t h e n


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

176

the Union Discount Company would call i n the bill brokers;
they would offer those bills t o the banks t h a t are buying
bills, Lloyé€s, t h e Union o f London,

o r t h e London City.

If the market w a s n o t inclined t o take t h e bills, a n d they
had t o h a v e t h e money, t h e n t h e U n i o n D i s c o u n t C o m p a n y w o u l d

go t o the Bank o f “ngland a n d t u r n i n a batch o f bills w i t h
a liability agreement,

v e r y bill that t h e Union Discount

Company turns o v e r i s either accompanied b y a liability

agreement; which makes i t liable for every bill a s a n endorser constructively, o r else i t actually endorses the

bills; and the liability agreement they give with a batcH
of bills contains a provision--- and I have some o f those
here--- that the other party c a n require t h e Union Discount

Company t o put its endorsement o n the bill i f they want t o

negotiate it.

T h e liability agreement i s simply a mechan-

ical device t o relieve the discount company o f inconvenience
and detail i n endorsing s o many bills.
Governor Wold: W o u l d that apply t o the dealings o f
the Bank o f “ngland with the bill brokers? W o u l d they buy
bills f r o m the bill brokers, wnosell t h e m o n the market
without their endorsement?
The Chairman:

T h e bill broker a s a

rule b u y s b i l l s

and shifts them b y carrying them as day t o day loans, o r
seven day loans,with the banks.

F o r instance a bill

broker might have strong clients all through the United
Kingdom from whom h e i s buying bills.

T h e y make a

rate

which i s slightly higher than the rate a t which they can
borrow the money o n the bill.

T h e y g o around through t h e


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Ey2s
market a n d b o r r o w m o n e y f r o m C a y t o day,

o r o n s e v e n days!

notife,and t h e n i f t h e market g o e s a g a i n s t t h e m a n d t h e y
{J

have t o h a v e t h e money, t h e y g c t o t h e B a n k c f iunglam a n d

ell the bills.
rate.

H e ig always figuring against the bank

T h a t i s his rule, h i s provectibn,

Ho k n o w s

h e c a n get o u t a t a

s o t o speak.

1losS n o g r e a t e r t h a n t h e d i f -

ference between t h e rate a t which h e got t h e bill a n d t h e
rate t h e Bank c f mngland will charge h i m for it. N a t u r a l y
the bill broker i s exceédingly careful n e t t o actumulate
a lot o f bills w h i c h h e cannot m e l t a t the Bank c f Lngland,
because t h a t i s his only insurance against a
Governor Fancher:

I

big loss.

n your judgment, provided a n ar-

rangement c a n b e worked out, a n d provided t h e Federal R e serve Board deems i t advisable,

i s i t a good time n o w t o

make a start over tnere%
Tne Chairman:

I t would b e a good t i m e this fall. I

do not think i t would b e now.
this f a l l .

I t might b e a gocd time

Y o u must remember that w h e n y o u b u y a

bill

by
over t h e r e n o w , f o r w h i c h y o u p r o v i d e t h e m o n e y b u y i n g

sterling exchange, y o u are really buying exchange a t a new
parity o f exchange, b e c a u s e 4 . 7 7 i s t h e c o s t o f m a k i n g t h e
xchange f o r t h e e x p o r t
By b u y i n g e x c h a n g e

o f g o l d u n d e r p r e s e n t conditions.

a t 4.77 y o u a r e n o t getting a

in sterling exchange a t all.

bargain

I t would n o t b e a bargain

until t h e means o f transportation, insurance, a n d s o on,and
the price o f gold get b a c k t o normal.
I think there a r e t w o questions

t o b e determined w i t h

reference t e buying bills o v e r there now.

T h e Lirst 38s


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i n London w h e n y o u d o n o t k n o w

is i t s a f e t d b u y b i l l s

whether you are going t o get back your balance o n a gold
basis;

t h e o t h e r q u e s t i o n i s whether,

w i t h this w a r going
F

Y

f
:
!
i
}
.
.
::
on, w e are justified i n doing business i n a beligerant

.
country a n d whether w e would not b o subject t o criticism

Governor Fancher:

T h a t i f the poiht I wanted t o

bring out.

The Ghairman: F r a n k l y I do not know. I
think a n y o f us know.

cine.

do not

T h i s thing i b like a dose o f medi-

Y o u have got t o take i t t o find out.
Governor Miller:

W h e n will w e know whether o r not

the beligerant countries will be on a paper basis Even
though t h e y m a y start o u t o n a gold basis, a n d after. t h e
they m a y later
war,get o n a paper basis.
the
o
f
termination
D

The Chairman:

o y o u not t h i n k that i s simply a

ques=

tion t o be determined b y the character o f arrangements
which w e s u b s e q u e n t l y m a k e o v e r t h e r e ?
Governor Miller:
will b e p e c u l i a r

B u t c a n w e make arrangements w h i c h

t o us?

The Chairman:

W e l l , t h a t i s the whole question.

Are

to
we sufficiently important n o w i n the world's affairs
t h a t n o one
justify u s i n expecting that w e c a n get terms
else c a n g e t ?

Governor Miller:

W h o woulda b e the guarantor o f any

terms w h i c h w e might make?
The Chairman:

T h a t i s just t h e question.

J u s t what

we will d o about that I do not know.
deI feel a little b i t embarrased i n going into t h e


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

of io
tails

o f t h i s f o r t w o reasons.

I

n the first place what-

ever w e undertake t o d o over there has g o t t o b e discus-

sed with the Federal Reserve Board, i n order t o protect
oursclvos f r o m possible criticism here i n Washington.

I n

the s c c o n d p l a c e i t i s a b s o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y t h a t a n y p o s -

sible arrangement o r negotiation should n o t b e permitted t o
Leek o u t iust now,

T h e fact i s that w e c a n make arrange-

ments o v e r there t h a t a r e extraordinarily favorable i f w e
can afford t o make a n y arrangements a t all.
not know.

w e must f i n d out.

and Mp. Hamlin yesterday I

T h a t I

do

I n talking with Mr. Delano

rather gathered t h a t i t i s a

matter t h e y wanted t o consider very carefully before w e
went t o o f a r i n a

discusdon

o f it. P o s s i b l y b e f o r e l e a v -

ing W a s h i n g t o n w
e c a n m a k e s o m e progress w i t h them.

I f

we had a l l arrangements completed today w e would not feel
that w e were justified i n doing business o v e r there a t t h e
present level o f exchange.
Governor Miller:

W

e c o u l d never hope f o r a n y direct

Cooperation f r o m t h e G o v e r n m e n t i t s e l f

i n standing behind

us t o see that t h e arrangements %.e¢ might make i n Europe
Would b e c a r r i e d o u t ?
, T h e Chairman:

O u r Government?

Governor Miller:

The Chairman:

Y e s .

O h , I

that w o u l d b e a s e f f e c t i v e

do n o t think so- I

do n o t think

a s t h e question o f credit invol-

v e d . If We c o u l d m a k e a g r e e m e n t s

o f t h e charactcr t h a t w e

would like t o make, a n y violation o f that agreement would
be such a blow. :

a t the credit o f t h e violator,

s o to


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

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speak, t h a t i t would b e worth more a s insurance t h a n anything o u r Government might b e able t o d o t o enforce t h e
terms o f the agreement.

Governor Miller: t . o u l d the Bank of “ngland regard
us a s i n t r u d e r s a n d c o s i d e r t h a t w e w e r e c u t t i n g i n t o t h e
inglish o p e n m a r k e t ?

The Chairman:
bumped

T h e y might t h i n k that i f w e just

i n there without h a v i n g a n y arrangement

o r under-

standing, a n d I also think that t h e Bank o f France would
think that likewise.
Governor Wold:

I t i s true that t h e B a n k o f England

at times buys bills i n France, a n d the Bank o f France buys
bills i n London.
The Chairman:

V e r y rarely.

Governor Wold:
The Chairman:

O r Amsterdam?
T h e ieichsbank h a s done that more

than the Bank of “ngland or the Bank of France.
I t i s probable t h a t w e would b e very

Governor Seay:
welcome intruders,
The Chairman:

i s i t not?
j

l thine so-«

their eyes o n u s very intently.

very rich.

O f course t h e y h a v e h a d

V e arc. regarded o s peing

T h a t is, the Federal Reserve System i s regard—-

ed a s being v e r y rich.

T h e y s e e t h e gold figures a n d

those figures astonish t h e m over there.
ously interested a n d very m u c h impressed.

T h e y a r e tremend—
T h e whele money

Situation i n England i s largely i n the hands o f the Bank o f
England, a n d t h e money situation i n France i s i n the hands
of the Bank o f France.

T h e y control t h e market.

W e


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181
might b o a very disturbing element i n their market i f w e
wont t h r o u g h t h e d i s c o u n t c o m p a n i e s a n d s o m e o f t h e b i g j o i n t
stock c o m p a n i e s a n d j u s t t h r e w m o n e y a r o u n d r e c k l e s s l y

without knowing what w o were doing.

w e might disturb t h e

exchange a n d interest rates very much.
A n d w e might g e t disturbed ourselves.

Governor MeCord:

Y e s ; w e might ultimately b e disturbed

The Chairman:

ourselves before w e g o t through.
Governor Fancher:

T h e n , preliminary t o getting under

way thore i t would b e necessary t o get t h e funds o v e r there,
a m select a

to watch conditions

T h e r e i s n o difficulty i n getting t h e

Governor Wold:

T h e difficulty would b e i n getting t h e m

funds ovor there.
back.

favorable opportunity-

Y o u c a n get sterling n o w a t a very l o w level.
N o , i t i s a t about par.

The Chairman:

T h a t depends u p o n whether y o u think

Governor Wold:

the n e w parity i s going t o remain after t h e war.
S u p p o s e after t h e war y o u could n o t

The Chairman:
get gold a t all?
change?

T h e n what would b e the parity o f ex-

I t might b e four dollars o r two dollars;

be anything.

i t might

T h a t i s w h e r e c a r e h a s g o t t o b e exerciscd.

We have g o t t o have a roof over o u r heads b y having someone
who i s abSolutely going t o b e i n the position t o furnish
us gold c r w o cannot sell o u r exchange.
T h a t has n o bearing o n the procuring

Governor Wold:

of exchange o n London today.
The Chairman:

N o , b u t i t has a bearing o n the

ultimate l i q u i d a t i o n

o f t h e accounts.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

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Governor old: I

think v e have g o t t o make haste v e r y

Slowly i n that matter, having i n mind the difficulty w e
mignt encounter i n securing o u r funds a t t h e maturity o f

the bills, i f we want them.

I n other wards, I mean get-

ting t h e g o l d o v e r here.
Mr. Tupper:

M r » Chairman,

i s i t n o t very g e n e r a l l y

held i n New York, b y the New York banks, that the arrangement S u c h a s y o u have mentioned i s the o n l y thing that will
protect t h e tremendous r e s e r v e s

The Chairman:

i n this country?

i l theme S t e s

eetere

yee

o t

whole situation would b e improved a n d %e would b e better
protected

i f w e had a

large f u n d o n t h e o t h e r s i d e t o d r a w

upon i n c a s c d e m a n d s w e r e m a d e u p o n u s f o r gold,

o

f

course i f that demand e v e r came t h e n t h e liquidation o f
our account Would b e immensely profitable t o us.
Governor Fancher: A

hundred million dollar fund o f

the F e d e r a l R e s e r v e B a n k s w o u l d b e a

tremendous p o w e r ,

would i t not?
The Chairman:

l

L think 1 6 would b e t h e s r e a t e s t

in

the world.

The Chairman:

W o u l d t h e Bank o f Sngland accept a n

account from the Federal Reserve Bank o f New York?
The Chairman:

T h e Bank o f 4ngland a m t h e Bank o f

France a r e b o t h very conservative about taking a n y account
abroad---— they a r e very conservative.
Governor Miller:
The Chairman:
not Miller:

O

o u l d t h e y d o that?

W e might b e able t o arrange that, Gover-

f course t h e y a r e p r e t t y conservative,

old


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

183
fashioned p e o p l e

i n t h o s e o l d banks,

tend t o g i v e t h e f a c i l i t i e s
market gives.

a n d t h e y d o not p r e -

t o their customers t h a t t h e

T h a t < m u s t v e b o r n e a n mines.

Governor Fancher:

Y o u probably would not get the

facilities f r o m t h e m t h a t y o u v o u l d g e t f r o m a

bank l i k e

the London City Bank?
The Chairman:

ters.

T h e B a n k o f France n e v e r w r i t e s l e t -

T h e y send a messenger o v e r t o Ungland.

T h e y would

rather s e n d a messenger t h a n write a letier about s o m e important matter:

T h e y d o not have telephones i n those o l d

banks.

Governor Miller:

R e f e r r i n g a g a i n t o the acaunt,

would i.t b e p o s s i b l e f o r u s t o m a k e a

in a bank

ceposit jin e n g l a n d

or France that would give u s gold back regardless o f any
change i n the status o f the finances i n ingland o r France?
The Chairman:

T h a t i s t h e question.

O f course t h e

Bank o f »ngland a m t h e Bank o f France traditionally a l l o w
no i n t e r e s t

o n deposits.

h e r e would b e n o particular

advantage unless t h e y would violate a l l precedent,

i n hav-

ing a n account with them i f w e d i d not g e t interest o n it.
The o t h e r b a n k s d e p e n d u p o n t h e B a n k o f “ n g l a n d a n i t h e

Bank of France for their gold, a m they could not make a
gold contract w i t h u s without having t h e Bank o f sngland's

support.

I n the case of the Bank of France, that is the

Only b a n k a u t h o r i z e d

b y t h e Government

t o export gold.

They hold all the gold, and the Bank o f France would have
to give i t s consent t o the export o f the gold, s o that i n
the case o f t h e Bank o f France w e would b e dependent u p o n

Government a s s e n t

t o t h e arrangement.

Governor Miller:

S O , considering all t h e things men-

tioned, w e might g e t a gold ceposit i n London, a n d b u y bills
which w o u l d b e c o m

o n a

paper basis,

a n d a t the same time

their demand o n us, a s a n offset, w o u l d b e payable i n gold-The Chairman:

W h e n y o u g o into t h e Bank o & England,

or a bank i n London, a n d o p e n a n account--— i n fact a

bank

anywhere s-you place your money i n their hands subject t o
repaymont

i n money t h a t i s l e g a l t e n d e r

Governor Miller:

T h e n i t would

i n t h a t country.

b e a

very dangerous

thing f o r u s t o d o until w e knew exactly what would b e done.
The Chairman:

Unless

Governor Miller:

The Chairman:

w e h a d a n arrangement.

Y e s .

Y h a t i s t h e feeling o f t h e EPonference

in regard t o whether w e shall undertake a n y b u s i r s s o v e r
there n o v

o r wait until t h e conclusion o f the war? H a v e

any o f you a n y definite views o n the subject?
Governor V a n Zandt: I

d o n o t think w e ought t o break

in over there until w e have something more definite t h a n
we h a v e n o w . I

think t h i s i s a

subject t h a t c o u l d b e

very much more intelligently considered a t the next conference t h a n a t t h i s one.

T h e r e i s n o immediate need,

as

far a s 1 can see, for disposing o f i t now.
The Chairman:
Mr. Calkins: I

M r . Calkins, w h a t d o y o u think?
feel that I

have learned a

great deal,

Mr. Chairman, f r o m your remarks, b u t m y opinion would t
no value a t this stage o f the game. I

do not k n o w enough

about t h e situation t o have a n opinion o f any weight.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

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185
The Chairman:

I t i s a big subject.

T h i s system was

organized f o r t h e purpose, a m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s ,

c f dealing

with j u s t t h a t p h a s e o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l banking.

Mr. Calkins: I
be done. I

would like t o add that 1 feel i t mst

a m s p e a k i n g o f m y o p i n i o n a t this t i m e .

do n o t k n o w e n o u g h t o have a n o p i n i o n now. I

A E

have n o

doubt whatever o f t h e ultimate expedieney o f such a n arbangement.

The Chairman:

I f w e could get suitable guaranties

that e v e r y b o d y w o u l d a c c e p t a s satisfactory,

d o you think

we would b e justified i n doing business abroad under w a r
conditions?
Mr. C a l k i n s :

I

t seems

t o m e that t h e b e s t guaranty

affcrded b y t h e London houses w o u l d b e s o good that they
could h a r d l y b e q u e s t i o n e d f r o m a n y h u m a n p o i n t

o f view.

They a r e a S sure a s anything except death a n d taxes.
The Chairman:

I f t h e time ever came when t h e London

market broke down, w e would a l l b e whittling sticks i n the
back yard.

Governor Aiken, what i s your view?
Governor Aiken: I

Van Zandt: I

d o not q u i t e a g r e e w i t h G o v e r n o r

think w e ought t o make s u c h connections a s

early a s w e c a n with reasonable business safety.
to m e i t i s o n e o f t h e f u n d a m e n t a l s

I t seems

i n the development

of

this system that w e should have a call o n the London markets
It will b e t h e greatest insurance that w e c a n have, i f w e
are subjected t o aheavy drain o f gold, after t h e war, i f
we c a n get a big offset i n London.

186
The Chairman:

G o v e r n o r told, w h a t i s your view?

Governor Wold: I

a m inclined t o agree w i t h Governor

Aiken, but I do not think a reasoable insurance i s necesSary-oOr sufficient. I

think w e ought t o have pretty near-

ly a n absclute insurance.
Governor Aiken: I

would o f c o u r s e l i k e t o g e t i t a s

good a s w e c a n get it.
Governsr %-:1ld:

T h a t i s where w e are going t e serve

the m e m b e r b a n k s a n d t h e b u s i n e s s i n t e r e s t s

o f this coun-

try t o the very greatest advantage.
Governor Fancher:
us h o w y o u f e e l a b o u t

M r s Chairman, w i l l y o u not tell
it,

a s you have Sized

u p the situa-

tion?
The Chairman: I

feel a b o u t i t j u s t a s a

very w i s e

man told m e h e felt about i t , w h e n 1 went t o see h i m particularly about i t and w e talked i t over together.

knows things very very well indeed-

H e

H e said, "It is the

greatest thing i n the world t o do if you can do i t safely."
that 1 8 the w i h o f it,
Governer Miller:

C a n w e put i t o n a safe basis?
H a v e y o u i n your mind s o n p l a n o r

arrangement t h a t c a n b e made that would,

i n your opinicn,

make i t safe--- not o n l y reasonably safe, b u t almos t

cer-

tainly s a f e ?

The Chairman:

Y e s , I have a

Governor Miller:

The Chairman: I

B u t y o u a r e n o t willing t o state i t

hate t o appear

of having a n y secrets here.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

plan i n mind, Governor.

t o b e i n the position

187
Governor Miller:

“ € d o not want y o u t o state it,

Mp» Chairman, i f you d o not wish t o state it.
The Chairman:

T h e r e a r e considerations involved i n

anything that w e d o ovor there that o u r people here h a v e
got t o consider v e r y seriously before w e undertake. I
would rather wait, before discussing i t i n any more
cetail,
until those considerations h a v e been threshed out.
Governor Miller:
The Chairman:

W

e are perfectly satisfied.

A l s o p a r t i c u l a r l y b e c a u s e w i t h refer-—

ence t o the discussions that w e h a d m e y e r were
pledged most
positively n o t t o d i v u l g e t h e m .

I

t is a

very i m p o r t a n t

thing t h a t they should n o t b e discussed.
(Informal discussion followed.)
The Chairman: I

will tell y o u what I

to d o i n regard t o this matter. I

think w e ought

do not want t o drop it.

I d o n o t w a n t t o s e e n o t h i n g c o m e o f it. i

put i n a n i n e

mense amount o f time o n this thing over there. I

practic-—

ally lived o n the j o b a m did not d o anything
else, a n d I
not w a n t t o s e e a l l t h a t t i m e t h r o w n away.

how c a n i t b e dealt w i t h without

do

T h e question i s

u r being i n the unfor-

tunate position o f having t o leave i t t o Some
o n e chap t o
work out.

W e d o not want t o d o that a t all.

Governor Aiken:

W e would n o t call i t a misfortune

Lt: you-wiii-d6- s t .

The Chairman:
two o f y o u r m e m b e r s

I f you will permit m e t o select o n e
or
t o j o i n w i t h me, I

will t a k e i t u p , a d d

we c a n a p p r o a c h t h e F e d e r a l R e s e r v e
B o a r d a n d d r a w t h e m out.

I have n o secrets f r o m this bunch a t all, a n d
have n o desire


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

188
to h a v e a n y -

discussed.

B u t t h e r e a r e reasons w n y i t S h o u l d n o t b e

T h e people o n the other side, w i t h whom I

talked, a s k e d t h a t t h i s m a t t e r b e c o n s i d e r e d f o r t h e moment
as q u i t e a

personal o n c .

F r a n k l y , there are only four m e n

abroad that k n o w the story a t all, a n d those a r e t h e m e n I
consulted.

I f y o u will leave i t i n that shape, w e will

do the best w e c a n with it.
Governor Miller: I

move t h a t the Chairman select h i s

own committee a n d handle t h e situation i n his o w n way.
Governor Wold: I

will second t h a t motion.

Governor V a n Zandt:

W o u l d i t not b e well t o have

the c o m m i t t e e m a k e s u c h r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s

a s i t sees f i t t o

this body.
Governor Miller:

T h a t w o u l d b e d o i n g i t i n his o w n

Governor McCord:

Y e s ; t h a t w o u l d n a t u r a l l y follov.

Mr. Calkins:
absolutely

T h e intention b e i n g t o leave t h e m t t p r

i n Governor S t r o n g ' s h a n d s w i t h o u t r e s e r v a t i o n

any k i n d w h a t e v e r a n d w i t h o u t p a r t i c i p a t i o n

of

i n those things

which h e m i s t necessarily k e e p s e c r e t ?

The Chairman:
or two. I

S u p p o s e w e leave i t that w a y f o r a day

will p u t t h e motion.

(The motion, b e i n g duly seconded, w a s unanimously c a r ried.)
The Chairman:

B e f o r e

w e leave W a s h i n g t o n I

hope t o

b e

able t o s a y something m o r e about it.
Governor Aiken:

M r - Chairman, w a s i t not suggested

at the Conference, before y o u went away, that i n view o f the


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189

fact that you were negotiating for the FederalReserve Sys-


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tem that there should b e some distribution o f the expense
invelved

think w e o u g h t t o t a k e t h a t u p .

i n y o u r trip. I

(Informal discussion followed.)
Governor Aiken: I

move t h a t t h e C h a i r m a n b e request-

ed t o submit h i s e x p e n s e a c c o u n t a n d t h a t i t b e a s s e s s e a

pro rata among t h e banks, b e i n g diviced i n t o twelfths.
The Chairman:

W h e n - t h i s matter gets under w a y w e

are going t o work together i n a n account.
thing where there c a n b e n o question.
operated

i n a n account a n d manage

run it.

I

that sort.

t can be run b y a

T h a t i s one

W e must have this

i t someway.

committee,

A n y o n e can

o r something

B u t i t must b e handled i n a n account.

of

L t 16

absolutely impossible f o r t h e twelve banks t o g o over there
and d o b u s i n e s s s e p a r a t e l y .
not m a k e a r r a n g e m e n t s ;

I

n the first place y o u could

t h e y would n o t b e willing

t o d o it.

They w o u l d l o c k a t u s i n d i s m a y i f w e s h o u l d p r o p o s e t w e l v e
Separate a r r a n g e m e n t s .

T h e y will o n l y make o n e arrange-

ment.

My belief i s that this bill i f i t i s t o b e apportioned
among t h e banks, ought t o b e divided u p o n t h e basis o f participation

T h e basis

i n t h e account.

the account,

o f participation

in

a t the outset, w o u l d p r o b a b l y b e substantially

that which prevails i n the handling o f warrants

a m a c c e p t -—

ances.
Governor Aiken: I

will m o d i f y m y m o t i o n t o r e a d t h a t

the e x p e n s e b e d i s t r i b u t e d
of w a r r a n t s .

o n the basis

o f t h e distribution


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

will s e c o n d t h a t motion.

Governor Miller: I

B u t three o f the banks d o not join i n

Mr-e Curtis:
that.

Governor Seay:

Y e s - Thereis a

percentage distribu-

tion.
Mr. Curtis:

Y e s , u n d e r t h e n e w O U ELlaie:

Governer Seay:

T h e plan was devised w i t h reference

to t h e future.
The Chairman:

W

e should eliminate t h e question o f

warnings f r o m i t for this reason.
taken i n p a r t f o r profit,

T h i s business i s underi t i s undertaken f o r

b u t primarily

the purpose o f protecting t h e situation.

I t m a y prove

to b e a burden some d a y t o handle this account.

I t may

take o u r resources w h e n w e d o not want t o use them.
would like t o amend that motion

Governor Miller: I
and m a k e i t o n t h e b a s i s
Governor McCord:

o f capitalization.

T h a t i s t h e correct way,

o n the basis

of legal deposits.
Governor Fancher:

The Chairman:

Resources.

A n y w a y y o u say, gentlemen.

Governor McCord:

W

e are willim

t o bear o u r part o f

it a n y w a y y o u s e t t l e i t .

The Chairman:
table n o w p r e p a r e d

Suppos e

t o s a y what t h e participation

bank would b e i n the account?
Governor McCord: I
The Chairman:

we were sitting around t h e
o f each

W h a t would i t amount t o ?

c o u l d n o t say.

‘ t l e w o u l d find s o m e basis f o r i t , ‘ a m a p -

portionment a s t o resources, capital o r something o f that


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

sort.

Governor Fancher:

I f we were going into a ~25,000,000

to w h a t e x t e n t w o u l d e a c k b a n k p a r t i c i p a t e ?
The Chairman:

W w e would participate

i n proportion

to

our resources.
will modify m y amendment a n d make

Governor Miller: I

it "resources", M r - Chairman.
Governor McCord:

T h e n I will second the motion.

Governor Seay:

M

y only object

have y o u u n d e r s t a n d t h a t w e d e S i r e
portionment. I

hope

i n speaking w a s t o

t o participate

y o u d i d n o t umMerstand

The Chairman: I

i n any ap-

i t ctherwise.

appreciate t h a t G o v e r n o r Seay:

all t h e conversations I

had over there I

i

n

took t h e liberty

of stating n o t that t h e whole system o f twelve banks would
participate,
opportunity

b u t that a l l t h e twelve banks must have a n
t o participate.

Governor Seay:

T h a t a l l will participate, I

a m sure.

The Chairman: I

hope s o .

Governor Fancher:

I t will d e p e n d o n conditions.

Governor McCord:

Whether

w e participate

o r not i t

is j u s t a n d r i g h t t h a t m y i n s t i t u t i o n s h o u l d p a y i t s p o r -

tion o f the expense.
The Chairman: I

think y o u w i l l b e g l a d t o join,

Governor McCord.
Governor McCord:

I

f w e n e v e r h a v e o c c a s i o n t o join,

this i s a n arrangement f o r t h e entire system o f banks.

W e

Should participate i n the cost o f establkshing t h e arrangement w h e t h e r

w e avail ourselves

o f i t o r not.

192

Governor Miller:
to t h e b a n k s

T h e amount i n bulk will b e given

s 0 t h a t w e m a y remit?

O r , will y o u charge

our account?
The Chairman: I

will s e n d a memorandum.

is I have n o t made u p m y account yet: I

T h e fact

will have i t made

up.

Governor Milleb:

A n d you will advise uséf our pro-

POrtion?

The Chairman:

Y e s s

(There were calls for the question.)
The Chairman:

T h e question has beeh called for.

I s

there a n y further discussion?

(There was no further discussion and the motion was duly
carried.)
The Chairman:

Gentlemen,

a r e y o u ready t o dispose o f

Topic Noy. 1 0 ?

10. C O N V E R S I O N A N D DISPOSITION O F UNITED STATES BONDS
AND NOTES.
The Chairman:

T h a t w a s proposed b y Governor V a n Zandt

and Governor McDougal.
Governor V a n Zandt:

M

y name appears first there- I

asked Mr- Curtis t o put that o n the program more i n the

nature o f a way i n which t o get information o n the advantages o r disadvantages o f the conversion o f the two's i n t o
three's,

M r . McDougal h a s h a d some pexperience i n that

matter a n d I will defer t o him.
Mr. McDougal: I

suggested t h e topic f o r the reason

that there has b e e n some correspondence between t h e banks,


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

between the New York bank and ourselves, a n d the other
banks, a n d f o r t h e further reason that 1 thought i t would
be a matter o f interest.
I wrote t o the N e w York bank a m t o l d t h e m that I
should o f c o u r s e b e w i l l i n g

t o stand b y some minimum price

which w e might b e willing t o set a t which t o dispose o f

the bonds. I

understand that some o f the banks have sold

their c o n v e r s i o n bonds.

w

e have h a d o n l y o n e formal c f f e r

and that was at about two premiums.
The Chairman:

A t 102?

Governor McDougal:

Yes.

The Chairman! T h a t is too low.
Governor McDougal!
a better price.

S o m e o f the others have sold a t

O u r committee);

i n considering t h e matter,

has determined t h a t w e are willing t o sell o u r bonl s—- o n e
million o f t h e t h i r t y y e a r b o n d s - - -

than 3-1/2.

at a

price n o t l e s s

A l l we have heard o n the subject comes from

two sources i n New York.

O n e was that sales had been

made a t 3-5/8, and then o f course I knew that Governor Fancher h a d m a d e a

cussion.

sale- I

suggested t h e m a t t e r s i m p l y f o r d i s -

T h a t . i s all.

Governor Wold:
Chairman, I

T h e price obtained b y Cleveland, M r .

think r e q u i r e s s o m e explanation.

Sing that with m

I

n discus-

Governor Fancher told m e that h e let his

notes g o a t one half, w i t h t h e bonds, t h a t is, h i s o n o year
gold notes.

Governor McDougal:
Governor W o l d :

Y o u mean a t a one half premium?

Y e s .


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194
Governor Seay:

D i d h e take indemnity f o r renewal?

Governor W o l d

O h , no.

Chase a t t h e e n d o f t h e year,
The Chairman:

H

Governor Wold:

Yes.

The Chairman:

H e was obligated t o repuro f course,

e sold a t par a n d a halt?

P o s t i s cUuuivel ent. to O l t o r . p e - b a n e e

Per c e n t ponds.

Governor Wold:

N o , the notes only run for a year.

The Chairman: I

know, b u t assuming that y o u are going

to k e e p t h e n o t e a n d s e l l t h e bond, t h e n y o u a r e g e t t i n g

Substantially t h e equivalent o f 101 f o r t h e long bond.
Governor Wold:

T h a t i s not equivalent t o selling

Government bonds a t 10&-5/8 b y a long shot.
The Chairman:

N o .

Governor Wold: I

had t h e matter u p with o u r Board

and t h e y are disposed t o sell t h e conversion bonds over t h e
counter.

T h e y feel t h a t w e ought t o try t o make a market

for those bonds w i t h the people.

T h e price w a s t o b e such

as w e could agree upon a t this meeting.
Mr. Calkins:

I s the practice t o sell t h e notes a n d

the bonds?

Governer Wild:

N o , just the bonds.

(Informal discussion followed.)
The Chairman:

W h y would n o t this b e a good question

to handle through a committee?

M r . Kenzel

pared a very long memorandum o n this matter.
long t o read:

h

T o what effect?

s pre-

I t is too

C o p i e s o f i t c a n b e sent t o you.

Governor Seay:

a


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

195
The Chairman: I
be a

think he feels that 103-1/2 would

fair price.
Governor McCord:

paper a t 103-3/8.

P a n a m a 3 ' s a r e quéted

i n t o day's

T h e y are due i n 1986.

Governor Miller:

O u r bonds would r u n a little better

than that.

Mr- Curtis:

T h e y are a little better than the Panama

bonds because the word "Panamd' seems t o have a little sentimental effect.

Governor Miller:

I t i s suggested that probably t h e

bonds a r e n o t t h e bonds o f the Government itself.
Mr. Curtis: I

have heard a

lot o f people s a y that

in the minds o f the public t h e u s e o f the word Panama i s a n
indication t h a t possibly t h e y are payable o u t o f the revenues
of the canal, o r that t h e y are a joint obligation o f t h e
Panamanian Government a n d this Government;

t h a t does n o t

make i t a straight bond o f the United States.
Governor Miller:

I

f Germany o r Japan takes t h e canal

the bonds m a y not b e good.

The Chairman:
objection t o that?

H o w about 103-1/2.

I s there any

I s that t o o high?

Governor Miller: i

would t a k e that f o r our bonds i f

we couldn't get more.
Governor Van Zandt: P a n a m a 3's a t 103 yield 2.88,
according t o the memorandum, a n d the conversions,

a t 104,

yield 2.80.
The Chairman:

Panama 3's.

T h a t i s below t h e squivalent

o f the

I t is 3/4 of a point, o r something like that,


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

in f a v o r

o f t h e conversion bonds,

Governor McCord: 103-1/2 would be a good basis.
Governor Miller:

103-1/2 to 103-5/8.

Governor McCord:

N o , j u s t l e a v e i t a t o n e price.

If anybody asks you you could say "103-1/2."
Mr. Tupper:

fect?

H o w l o n g w o u l d t h e agreement

b e i n ef-

H o w long should w e hold t h e m f o r that?
Governor McCord:

U n t i l w e have another conference

or a g r e e u p o n i t i n correspondence.
Governor Aiken: I

think t h e suggestion t h a t w e should

handle i t b y a committee i s a good one. C o n d i t i o n s a r e
changing a l l t h e t i m e i n these m a t t e r s ,

a n d i t i s hard t o

get twelve banks t o agree, unless y o u handle i t through
a small committee.
The Chairman:

T h e y would a l w a y s

g o down t o the mini-

mum, a n d I think i t i s pretty hard t o d o better than the
minimum throughout t h e whole system.

O n c e y o u made a

trade below a given price y o u would have t o cut down each
time.
Governor Seay:

The Chairman:

U n l e s s t h e y a r e a b s o r b e d v e r y quickly.

Yes.

Governor McCord: I

have a n o t h e r s u g g e s t i o n

t o make,

and that i s that w e sell t h e m o n a quotation o f one-eighth

above the Panama 3's.
Governor Wold:

T h a t would allow Childs a n d those

people t o m a k e t h e p r i c e f o r us.

W

e h a d better make o u r

own price.

(Informal discussion followed. )


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LOT

Governor McDougal: I

would like t o know what t h e other

banks h a v e d o n e w i t h t h e i r bonds. I

would l i k e t o k n o w

whether a n y o f t h e m h a v e s o l d them. I

understand t h a t s e m e

bonds have b e e n sold o n the basis o f 103 o r a little above.
The Chairmant G o v e r n o r Rhoads, I

think, s o l d half

a million at 102-1/2, and the banks that bought them turned
around almost immediately a n d sold t h e m a t 103-5/8.
work t o g e t h e r I

I f we

believe w e c a n s e l l t h e w h o l e b a t c h o f

bonds a t 103-1/2 net.
(Further informal discussion followed. )
The Chairman:

H o w would i t d o t o have a

try a t hav-

ing all the bonds sold at 103-1/2?
Governor Miller: I

Mr. Calkins:

think that would b e all right.

I t seems t o me that Governor Aiken's

Suggestion i s t h e o n l y o n e i n sight, a n d t h a t i s t h a t a
committee h a n d l e i t r a t h e r t h a n h a v i n g i t h a n d l e d

in a

hap-

hazard way.

Governor Seay: I

m o v e that t h e Chair appoint a com-—

mittee o f t h r e e a n d t h a t t h e y b e a u t h o r i z e d

t o sell t h e

bonds cf the bank at 103-1/2 or better, i n their discretion.
The Chairman:

T h a t i s a good motion.

Mr. Calkins: I

second t h e motion.

I s that sec-

onded?

Governor McDougal:

T h a t would limit t h e sale o f bonds

to the commit te-Governor Seay:

I t will b e better t o handle i t through

a committee.
The Chairman:
see w h a t

W

c a n b e done.

e can do i t for a

Limited p e r i o d

a m


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198
I

Governor A i k e n :

t seems

know w h a t w e h a v e t o d e l i v e r

t o m e the committee

t o them.

must

Y o u cannot h a v e

bonds s o l d o u t s i d e o f t h e a r r a n g e m e n t - - -

Governor McDougal:

B u t i f we are offered 103-1/2 o r

better?

R e f e r t h e offer t o the committee.

Governor Seay:
The Chairman:
mittee, s u b j e c t

T a k e i t u p b y telegraph w i t h t h e com-

t o confirmation,

a n d t h e n i t i s just s o l d

for the account.
Governor McDougal:

T h a t ,

o f course, w o u l d b e s a t i s -

factory.

would like t o have that motion read.

Governor Wold: I

(The pending motion offered b y Governor Seay was bhereupon read.)
a m opposed

Governor Wold: I

t o that. I

would n o t

ask tho committee t o dispose o f our bonds a t this time i n
view o f t h e f a c t t h a t o u r d i r e c t o r s h a v e g o n e o n record

with the view that t h e y want t o establish a local market
with the public f o r t h e bonds.

W e are willing t o dis-

pose o f t h e m a t w h a t e v e r p r e m i u m i s d e c i d e d

conference. I

u p o n b y this

would not b e authorized, knowing the feel-

ing o f m y directors,

as I

do,

t o g o into a

peol w i t h o u r

bonds t o b e sold a t any price.
should t h i n k that would b e all

The Chairman: I
right.

P u t i n a proviso t o the effect t h a t anyone c a n

sell their bonds over t h e counter.
Governor Wold:

W

e cannot autherize t h e committee

sell o u r bonds because o u r directors d o not want t o sell
our b o n d s

a t this t i m e

o n t h e maxket.

to


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199

Governor McCord: I

think: i t would dure i t i f the

banks would communicate w i t h the committee a n d tell t h e m
whether t h e y care t o offer their bonds, g o that t h e com—
mittee w i l l k n o w w h a t t h e y h a v e o n hand,

Governcr Seay:

L e t a n y bank that does n o t care t o

go i n t o i t withdraw.

I

t c a n take i t s bonds o u t a n d sell

them a t the price, 3-1/2. .
handle i t s o w n bonds

A n y bank that desires t o

i n i t s o w n w a y m a y d o s o b y communicat-—

ing with the committee. I

should like. t o rid myself o f

the bonds a s quickly a s I can and t o get t h e best price
for them. I

believe w e c a n d o that through t h e medium

of a committee.

A n y bank that does n o t want t o join t h e

peol should n o t b e asked t o c o so, o r should n o t bind
itself.

A n y bank desiring t o d o s o m a y communicate w i t h

the c o m m i t t e e a n d i n f o r m t h e c o m m i t t e e t h a t i t s b o n d s a r e

for sale.
Governor Wold:
bank t h a t d e s i r e s

W o u l d i t not b e better t o have t h e

t c dispose

o f i t s bonds communicate w i t h

the committee, rather t h a n have t h e committee dispose o f
the bonds unless advised t o the contrary?
The Chairman:

H o w would i t d o t o agree a t this meet-

ing a t t h e f a i r p r i c e

conditions c h a n g e ,

a t which

t o sell t h e bonds,

i s 1 0 3 - 1 / 2 a n d interest;

desiring t o p a r t i c i p a t e

t h a t a n y bank

i n a n account f o r t h e s a l e o f t h o s e

bonds s h a l l n o t i f y t h e c o m m i t t e e

Chairman,

until

t o b e appointed

b y the

c f the amount o f bonds which i t desires t o sell

through t h e committee; t h a t t o the extent i t i s selling
bonds d i r e c t l y w i t h o u t t h e s e r v i c e

o f t h e committee t h e s a l e


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200
Shall, f o r t h e present,

b e a t n o t l e s s t h a n t h a t D P E L C E 5u n

its o w n market, a n d that n.tification shall b e sent t o
the committee.

Governor McDougal:

s h a t i s meant b y “in its

mrket"?
The Chairman:

W e l l , a t home,

F o r instance somecne

wants t o sell bonds o v e r t h e ccunter a t home.

I f w e are

negotiating a sale o f five millions o f bonds i n New Yerk
it would b e embarrassing t e have other bonds ¢ffered e v e n
at t h e s a m e price.

Governor Miller:

O f f e r e d i n New York.

Governor McDougal:

w e will b e i n a position t o sell

our bonds a t 103-1/2 a f w e get an-offer a n y plate, w o u l d
we not?
Tne Chairman:

N o t i n N e w York.

Presumably

i f you

got a n offer y o u would g e t i t i n Chicago.
Governor McDougal: I

would net bind c u r bank i n that

Way because I have already taken action o n the matter, a n d
when

« e get a

chance

t o sell t h e m v e a r e going

t o sell them;

but we are willing t o stand by the price.
Governor McCerd:

T h a t sittiation s o u l d b e c u r e d v e r y

easily b y m a k i n g d e l i v e r i e s t h r o u g h t h e F e d e r a l N e s o r v e
Bank i n t h e dcisirict w h e r e sold.

(Further infcrmal discussion followed. )
Tne Chairman:

L e t u s p u t in-an- a c u t t i o n a l p r o v i s i o n

that a n y bank negotiating a
Withheld

sale c f bonds which have been

f r o m the account w i l l k e e p t h e committee

of w h a t -2b--s

advisod


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201
Governor S e a y :

I

n other words t h e Committee w i l l

not a c t u n l e s s s e v e r a l b a n k s c o m m u n i c a t e w i t h i t a n d f o r m
a pool.

Governor Fancher:

T h i s condition m a y arise.

T h e

committee m a y b e negotiating f o r a sale a t 103-3/4, w i t h
fair prospects, a n d o n e o f the other banks m a y have a

hid

from brokers at 103-1/2 or 103-1/2 to 103-11/16, and sell.
You a t once p u t a stop t o the negotiations

o n the part o f

the committes i n the market.
The Chairman:

T h e danger y o u r u n i n dealing i n a

new G o v e r n m e n t b o n d ,

i n t h e w a y t h a t y o u propose,

i s this.

Some enthusiastic young broker will c o m e along a n d make
an offer t o Governor McDougal f o r his bonds, believing that
he c a n t u r n t h e m o v e r a t a

profit.

I

n t h e megntime

we

are working o n the sale o f a block o f bonds, o f s a y five
million.

T h i s broker, w h o i s net a

very responsible broker,

finds t h a t h e i s h u n g u p w i t h t h e bonds, t h a t h e c a n n o t
turn t h e m o v e r a t a
mines

profit;

t o c u t down h i s losses

sell t h e m

a t Such a

price

h e gets i n a

panic a n d d e t e r -

a s sharply a s possible a n d t o

a s h e c a n get.

H e h a s therefore

spoiled t h e market f o r the five millions o f bonds.

Y o u

have sold t h e bonds a t the agreed price, t h e committee

price, but the broker who has bought$100,000 ofthem finds
that h e i s stuckof bonds.

H e spoils t h e market for the 35,000,000

T h a t i s nearly always t h e case w i t h every n o w

issue e f bonds,

a m e v e r y bond hcuse i n New Yerk that i s

experienced i n these matters oxercises t h e greatest c a r e
in introducing a

new issue, t o see that t h e primary sales


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

202

made t o responsible people that will n o t g e t frightenrnd r u n i f they d o n e t turn the bonds o v e r right away.
I do not care particula. r l y , because I

believe there

a number o f very rich m e n a n d institutions

i n New York

who a r e looking with grave concern t o tne future o n account
of the war, a n d I think w e cculd g e t o some o f them quietly
and place a l l o f our bonds a t a very fair price a n d have
them p u t a w a y permanently.

Governcr McDougal:

O u r committce acted o n that mat-

ter a n d f e l t t h a t i t would@ b e o u r policy: to: sell t h e -ponds

aS soon a s v e could, a n d fixed t h e price o n them a t 3-1/2 .
The Chairman:

c far a s I a m concerned, 1

S

would just

as leave g o i t alone i n this matter a n d n e t attempt t o
think t h e c h a n c e s a r e w e w o u l d d o

heave “any account. I

better with a n account, b u t I think the Federal “eserve B ank
ef New York can do much better without any partners i n it.
We h a v e t h e f a c i l i t i e s

Governor Seay:

t o s e l l them.

M y object i s t o get the best price

for the bonds, a n d m y judgment i s that we would get the
best p r i c e b y p r o l i n g t h e m a n d g e t t i n g t h e m o f f t h e market

and letting t h e brokers w o r k u p the price afterwards f o r
themselves.

F o r that reason I sug:sested a committee. I

am also willing t o go i t alone, but 1 am convinced, a t the
time.
same t h a t w e w i l l d o b e t i e r i f t h e bonds a r e pooled.

Governor Miller:

H o w about giving t h e committee a n

option o n your b o n d s f o r t w e n t y o r t h i r t y days, G o v e r n o r

McDougal; l e t them t r y i t f o r 3 0 days a t t h e price y m have
named, o r better.

2035
Governor McDougal:
sell t h e b o n d s

P t i h i n k L f we=fot e B 7 Chance

a t t h a t p r i c e w e w o u l d s e l l them.

W

to
e want

to soll t h e m a s soon a s possible a n d g e t r i d o f them.

Governor Wold: I
misunderstood h e r e .

like t o d o now.

do not want m y position t o be
I

t i s not a

question o f what I

would

O u r directors a t their last meeting took

action u p o n t h i s m a t t e r a n d I

have t o abide b y that a c t i o n

at least until w e have another directors meeting.
Governor Seay: I

will w i t h d r a w

m y motion, M r . C h a i r -

(Informal discussion followed.)
oe i tery tt


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

The Chairman:

H a v e w e nct threshed t h i s o u t t o a

point where w e c a n get dcewn t o a motion?
Governor Wold:

W w e Can agree u p o n o n e thing; v e c a n

agree u p o n a price t o ask, c a n w e not.
The C h a i r m a n

Y e s .

Governor Wald: W h a t e v e r i s agreed upon a t this conference,

w e will abide by, a n d cur bonds will n o t b e sold

over t h e c o u n t e r

a t a n y l o w e r price.

The Chairman:

S u p p o s e y o u cffer a

Governor Wold: I

resolution.

do not want t o f i x the price.
move t h a t t h e b a s i c p r i c e b e

Governor McCord: I

3-1/2 per cent minimum, for the present.
Governor V a n Zandt: I
The Chairman:
(There w a s

I

second t h e motion.

s there a n y discussion?

n o ciscussion

and the motion was duly

carricd.)
The Chairman:

N e w , a s t o the method c f sale-

H a s


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

anybody a resolution?
Governor Wold: I
mittee b e appointed,

a m prepared t o suggest that a coma n d if,

i n their judgment,

a n advance

in this price i s justified, t h e y netify t h e member banks
and that they abide b y their devision i n the matter.
Governor Seay: I
The Chairman:

second t h e motion.

A r e y o u ready f o r t h e question? £

would like t o say for t h e Federal Reserve B a n k o f New York
I would n o t j o i n i n a pooling arrangement,
going t o sell i r r e s p e c t i v e

i f ohhers were

o f t h e arrangement. I

not want t o serve o n the committee. I

would

have n o t a word o f

criticism; e v e r y bank ought t o d o just what i t thinks best,

but I would not want t o serve o n a committee t o sell bonds
of e i g h t o r s e v e n o f t h e b a n k s a n d h a v e o n e c r t w o o f t h e m
outside o f t h e arrangement.

T h a t would p u t t h e pool a t a

tromendous disadvantage i n the amount o f bonds sold.
(At t h i s p o i n t i n f o r m a l d i s c u s s i o n a r o s e w h i c h t h e s t e nographer w a s d i r e c t e d

n t

t o report; a f t e r w h i c h t h e f o l l o w -

ing proceedings took place.)
The Chairman:

W

e a r e w a s t i n g t i m e , gentlemen. I

net g o i n g t o waste a n y more t i m e talking about it.
that w o cannot m a k e that arrangement;
and g e t along.

W

am

w e k

now

s o let u s abandon i t

e h a v e f i x e d t h e price,

a n d s o let the

matter drop.
ll. N O T E ISSUES.
The Chairman:
Mre Curtis:

T h e next item is No. 11, "Note issues".
M r + Chairman, a t the last conference o f


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

205
Governors i t was voted t o refer t o the Conference o f
Federal R e s e r v e A g e n t s a l l m e t t e r s p e r t a i n i n g

t o the issue

of notes,

The Chairman:

T h a t i s a great helps G e n t l e m e n , i s

it your pleasure t o carry o u t o u r formal expression o f in-

tentions a n d refer topics 1 1 (a), (b), (c) and (d) t o the
Federal R e s e r v e A g e n t s f o r d i s c u s s i o n a n d disposition?

Governor Fancher: I

s o move, Mr. Chairman.

Governor V a n Zandt: I
The Chairman:

second the motion.

I s there a n y ciscussion?

(There was n o discussion and the motion was duly
carried. )

lé. R E V I S I O N O F REGULATIONS.

Mr. Curtis:

M r . Wold has some ideas o n Topic 12.

Governor Wolds G o v e r n o r Strong, a t different times,
has h a d this matter u p o f rewriting t h e regulations, a n d
quite r e c e n t l y t h e B o a r d s u b m i t t e d t w o s u b j e c t s k n o w n a s

No. 1

and No. 2

t o the Federal Reserve Agents.

T h a t came

to m y motive and I discussed i t with our agent and suggested t o h i m that h e might write t o the Board a n d tell t h e m
that i n a s m u c h a s a C o n f e r e n c e

o f Governors w a s h e l d a l o n g

about t h i s t i m e , t h e m a t t e r m i g h t b e r e f e r r e d

t o it.

B t

went d o w n t o t h e B o a r d r o o m y e S t e r d a y a n d a s k e d t h e m i f t h e y

propos e d t o refer these n e w rezulations

Mr. Hambin said, "Yos, I suppose so-" I
furnish u s with copies?" I
Set;

t o the Conference.

said, "Will you

had already procured the one

a m t h e y S a i d t h e y w o u l d s e n d o v e r copies,

have not. I

b u t they

have t w o p r o p o s a l s h e r e , o n e a n d t w o , a n d I


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

206
believe t h a t t h e Governers a r e more interested i n this matter t h a n t h e agents,
our banks,

a n d i t i s o f more importance

a n d w e ought t o h a v e a n opportunity

t o us and

t o ciscuss

and g o over these regulations before t h e y a r e finally i s -

sued» I

have been told--- Ithink Mr. Curtis told me—-

that they were n e t going t o put these o u t until Mr. Warburg
had gotten back.
Mre Curtis:

T h a t i s the latest decision.

Governor Miller:

I s i t your understanding that copies

of t h e s e w e r e s e n t t o t h e F e d e r a l R e s e r v e A g e n t s ?

Governor Wold:
and

O u r Federal Reserve Agent got a sct,

h e was instructed

Governor Miller:

Governor Seay: I
think o u r a g e n t g o t a
Governor McCord:

t o confer w i t h

m e o n the matter.

I f our agent g o t it, h e did not con-

have never heard o f it. I

do not

copy.
O u r agent g o t a

soon a s h e opened t h e envelope,

copy, a n d j u s t a s

h e gave m e a duplicate c o p y

snd said, " I want you t o read this over, because you are
more interested i n it than w e are.”

The Chairman:

I t would b
e impossible for us tc deal

with t h i s m a t t e r here;

w e h a v é n e t c o p i e s e n o u g h t o read,

and i t would b e a long discussion.

A s s u m i n g that w e can

not discuss it, what action should w e tako with references
to a revision o f the regulation?


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

_{Informal discussion follored. )
The Chairman:

W i l l y o u offer a

resolution, Governor

Miller?

Governor Miller: I

will certainly d o it i f Mr. Cur-

tis will frame it.
Mr+ Curtis:
The Chairman:

I t has been passed three times.
N o , n o t separate mailing.

Governor Miller: I
Mr- Curtis:

offer t h e resolution.

T h e very first o n e was o n separate mail-


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Governor Miller:
Girect

I l offer a

t o t h e Governcr

resolution that t h e Board

c f each b a n k a l l communications

are intended ultimately f o r delivery t o the b a n k which
heretofore b e e n mailed t o the agent f o r delivery.

Governor McDougal: I

think that i s the identical

language u s e d a t Chicago i n regard t o the same subject.
Mr. Curtis:

J u s t about, Mr. McDougal.

Governor Seay:

T h e repetition ought t o lend force

to it, then.
The Chairman:
hear a

W i t h this m e t i o n before us, d o I

second?

(The metion was duly seconded.)
Governor Fancher:
man, I

B e f o r e t h e mction i s puty Mr.Chair+

will s a y t h a t t h e t r o u b l e s e e m s

t o me, f r o m m y e x p e r -

lence w i t h t h e Board, t h a t t h e y h a v e n o t a n y plan, a n y f i x e d

Plan, o v e r there, o f their own.
The Chairman:

N o system.

Governor Fancher:

I

T had t h a t u p w i t h Mr. D e l a n o

when h e w a s i n “ l e v e l a n d a b o u t t h r e e w e e k s ago. I
to t h e B o a r d w i t h r e f e r e n c e

warrants.

w e wanted a

wrote

t e the matter o f some issues

little larger percentage.

of

T h e

ackyowledgement c a m e back t o m e from Secretary Willis stating that i t would b e brought t o the attention o f the Board.
In a few days t h e Board advised t h e Federal Reserve Agent
that o u r request f o r certain things had b e e n granted, a n d a
carbon c o p y t o t h e a g e n t c a m e o v e r t o m y desk.

gone about t h e cther w a y sometimes.

I

t has

W h e n t h e agent h a s

addressed s o m communications, t h e y would reply t o the Gover-


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

209

nor.

S o there i s not a n y general scheme o r regular p l a n
spoke

about communicGkhtions c o m i n g d i r e c t f r o m t h e Board. I

to Mr. Delano about i t and h e rather admitted that they
were just a Little b i t a t sea over there, a n d I put considerable s t r e s s

o n t h e matter.

Governor S e a y ?

matter.
but I

T h e r e i s n o u s # o f compromise

i n this

I f they take a n opposed view, w e cannot help it,

should think w e shéuld stand u p o n t h e request t h a t i t

be done.

Governor Miller:

T h e n m y resolution should g o a lit-

tle further a n d state that t h e Board should address t h e
Governor

o n all matters pertaining particularly

ation o f t h e b a n k a n d s e n d a

t o the oper-

carbon c o p y o f t h e l e t t e r

to

the agent.

Governor Seay: I
Governor Wold:

think you have the right idea, now.

W h y not say, " W e renew o u r request

that a l l c o m m u n i c a t i o n s b e a r i n g u p o n t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e

bank b e directed t o the Governor o f the Bank?"
The Chairman:

O u r Secretary w i l l o f course s e n d t h e

usual e x p u r g a t e d edition.

(After informal discussion t h e resolution w a s duly

adopted.)
The Chairman:

W e still have n o t hit Topic No. 12,

which i s Revision o f regulations.
pursue

i n respect

W h a t course should fre

t o this particular matter?

D

o w e want

to ask the Board t o see that e a c h Governor i s furnished
with a copy o f the revision o f regulations, a n d after w e
have h a d t h e m , w h a t d o y o u t h i n k w e o u g h t t o d o a b o u t it-—~-

deal individually o r collectively?
Governor Millor:

W

e cannot tell, b e c a u s e w e d o n o t

know t h e s u b j e c t m a t t e r .
Governor Wold:

W e u l d i t n o t b e better, M r . C h a i r m a n ,

if w a w e r e t o consolidate o u r v i e w s a n d recomnendations,

rather t h a n t o have this referred t o twelve different
Governors f o r t w e l v e d i f f e r e n t e x p r e s s i o n s g i v e n a s t o w h a t

Should b e done?
Mre Tupper:

I f these regulations a r e things t h a t per-

tain directly t o the operation o f the bank, a n d i t s relation t o t h e o p e r a t i n g e n d o f t h e bank, a

large p a r t o f

them Would vitally affect the Governors! Department.
The Chairman:

W i t h a l l d u e respect

t o t h e Board, I

Cannot help b u t feel that t h e y a r e inclined t o b e a little

bit sensitive o f getting into a position where their own
original w o r k i s directed o r suggested o r molded t o o much
by t h e o f f i c e r s

o f t h e b a n k s themselves. i

-do.net t h i n k

that the Board feel that they ought t o go t o the officers
of all t h e banks a n d ask them what kind o f regulations

they should make; but having prepared regulations, i t seems
to mo absolutely neccossary that befcre they are promulgated
the o f f i c e r s

o f t h e bank should h a v e a n opportunity

t o ex-

amine t h e m and m a k e suggestions.

The question is, what kind o f a recommendation d o you
think should g o t o the Federal Reserve B o a r d which will i n Sure o u r having opportunity t o examine t h e revisions o f r e gulations before t h e y are promulgated, e n d when w e d o send
that recommendation,


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

i f they a c t upon it, h o w should w e deal

212

with the drafts o f revised regulations s o that o u r work
will n o t b e t o o i n d i s c r i m i n a t e a n d s c a t t e r e d

t o b e effec-

tive?

Governor McDougal: I

think t h e Board believes t h a t

they have sent copies t o all t h e banks. I

got from Mr.

Bosworth a

copy o f this proposed revision, a n d I think i t

was j u s t a

copy o f a

banks.

general ¢ i r c u l a r s e n t t o t h e t w e l v e

T h e intent w a s v e r y good there; i t was t o simplify

matters a n d t o give t h e banks fullinstructions a n d l e t u s
conduct t h e affairs o f the banks a s w e would i f w e were
operating S o m e commercial institution.
The Chairman:
little I

T h e s e regulations, I

a m sure, f r o m t h e

know o f them, a r e a great improvement o v e r their

former regulations.
Governor McCord: I

a m sure that the Board intended

hat t h e G o v e r n o r s s h o u l d h a v e a

c o p y o f t h e regulations,

because o u r chairman g o t t w o copies, a n d h e gave m e o n o o f

them, a n d l read that.

h e n w e get back home, i f we have

net r e c e i v e d t h e copy, a s k t h e a g e n t f o r i t , a n d t h e n c o m m u n -

icate w i t h the a g o t a n d cffer o u r suggestion, a n d when
they c o m e h e r e i n May, l e t t h e m t a k e u p o u r s u g i e s t i o n s
‘'with thcoir own.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

can adopt a

T h e y c e r t a i n l y s h o u l d n e t conflict.

T h e y

Suggestion t o the Board that t h e y shink would

be right.

Governor Fancher:

T h e y came t o our agent with the

letter asking f o r suggestions. I
act language. I

do not recall t h e e x -

think h e was asked t o confer w i t h t h e

Gevernor a n d make suggestions.

W e sat down a n d gave i t


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

considerable thought.
The Chairman:

W h o here h a s n e t received copies o f

these regulations?
Governor Miller:

{ G 4 4 Rot.

Governor Seay: I

have not.

W e have changed agents

in that time, a n d i t m a y b e due t o that fact.
Governor Aiken: I
it t o o u r agent.

have t h e letter here transmitting

T h e last paragraph says that i t i s t h e

general object t o study i t with the officers o f the bank,
etc.

The Chairman:

E a c h o f the banks that have n o t receiv-

ed copics o f the regulations ought t o take i t up. 2

Aoso 3

Say t h a t i f w e b e g i n g o i n g b e t w e e n i n d i v i d u a l b a n k s a n d t h e

Board w e will b e getting i n hot water all the time.

T h e

Board has done exactly what w e are n o w requesting t h e m t o
do, a n d t h e d i f f i c u l t y d o e s n o t l i e w i t h t h e Board, b u t w i t h

the Agents o f three e r four o f the banks.
(At this point a n informal discussion arose which the
stenographer w a s d i r e c t e d n o t t o report; a f t e r w h i c h t h e

following proceedings t o o k place:)
Governor Seay:

I t i s clear that w e cannot handle t h e

matter here n o w i n this conference.

I t i s a matter o f re-

gret t h a t w e d i d n o t h a v e t h e m b e f o r e a n d h a v e n o t b e e n a b l e

to get together t o discuss i t among ourselves a n d get t h e

benefit o f each other's ideas.
The Chairman:

H a s anybody a suggestion o f how the

criticism o r how suggestions

i n regard t o the f o r m o f these

revised regulations can be submitted t o the Federal Reserve


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

214

Board collectively a n d effectively f r o m all 1 2 o f the banks?
That i s w h a t w e w a n t t o g e t at.

cumstances,

thik, under. the. c i r

think not. i

Governor S e a y I

w e will have t o make o u r individual comments

and suggestions.
Governor Miller:
We will

over.

W h y c a n w e not g e t copies

o f these?

b e here several days, a n d w e c a n probably r e a d t h e m

T h e r e m a y not b e very m u c h t o i t when w e read it.

I do not know what i s i n it.
Governor McCord:

I l ‘think-you- will. find very little.
W o u l d i t not b e a pretty g o o d

Governor V a n Zandt:

plan t o have t h e Governors g e t copies o f this while t h e y
are here, those t h a y haven't them, a n d after they g e t back
to their banks,

g o over this plan and submit t h e i r criti-

cisms o r suggestions t o Mr- Curtis, a n d let h i m tabulate
them a n d s e n d i n t h e d u p l i c a t i o n ?

Mr. Curtis: T h a t does not accomplish anything, except t o make m e d o the w a k of--Mr. Calkins:

T w e l v e separate suggestions f r o m twelve

separate b a n k s w i l l n o t g e t a n y w h e r e e x c e p t i n t o a

wrong

direction.

The Chairman:

L e t u s have a

committee, then.

W h o

is willing t o serve o n the committee?
Governor McDougal: I

do net think t h e communication

Would i n d i c a t e t h a t i t w a s n e c e s s a r y f o r u s t o a c t u p o n t h i s
as a

body.

T h e nature

o f the letter i s rather personal

and a s k s e a c h b a n k t o express i t s views. I

have i n m i n d

ono c o n f c r e n c e w i t h t h e B o a r d w h e n w e w e r e t o l d p r e t t y p l a i n -


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

ZA

ly thatthey w o u l d operate a s they s a w fit a n d they d i d not
want u s t o interferes,

Governor Seay:

A s a body.

Governor McDougal:
The Chairman:

W

A s a body:
e are here a s a

body a t t h e direc-

tion of the Reserve Board.
Mr: C u r t i s :

T h i s meeting

i s called

b y request

o f the

Reserve Board,
Governor Seay:
thesoe r e g u l a t i o n s

B u t w e are n o t requested t o consider

as a

Mr- Curtis:

body.

M r . J a y wrote t o them that h e had handed

me his c o p y f o r the purpose o f having i t discussed a t this
conference.

S

o that t h e y are advised

a s t o t h a t much.

Nobody h a s s a i d ye&S o r n o t o t h a t p r o p o s i t i o n
Governor McCord:

i n reply.

M r . Miller's suggestion i s a

very gocd one——- g e t a copy while here, a n d then, before
we adjourn, d i s c u s s

Mr- Curtis:

i t briefly.

T h e r e i s one important question i n con-

nection with it, a n d that i s whether o r not they Shall con-

solidate everything into one little pamphlet and have i n
there divisions t h a t cover t h e actions o f the member b a n k s ,
the action o f the reserve banks a n d t h e action o f the Federal R e s e r v e Agents;
pamphlets

o r whether t h e y s h a l l p u b l i s h s e p a r a t e

i n which those s a m e divisions s h a l l b e marked

out byt t h o inappropriate ones n o t sent t o the member banks.
Then there a r e minor changes; b u t that i s the great
issue presented. P e P e o n a l l y > I
all i n o n e l i t t l e p a m p h l e t

a m i n favor o f having i t

s o that everybody w h o deals w i t h

the r o s c r v e b a n k s k n o w s h o w e v e r y o f f i c e r

o f the bank o r


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of t h e G o v e r n m e n t

i s g o i n g t o h a n d l e a n y proposition.

It i s j u s t l i k e t h e r e p o r t s

i n t h e T r e a s u r y Vepartment,

They d o n o t n e e d t o r e a d a n y t h i n g t h a t t h e y d e n o t w a n t
to.
Governor Miller:
ably d e a l w i t h a
ours.

M r . Secretary,

different c h a r a c t e r

l i v e r y banker

y o u would prob-

o f member banks f r o m

i n Oklahoma w o u l d b e discussing w i t h

the agent o r the Governor his rights a n d limitations. I

have gct discourses that high (indicating) o n what i s the
duty o f a Governor, a n d s o forth; " W o u l d y o u please give
me your authority f o r t h i s , t h a t o r the other?"
cannot f i n d a n y t h i n g

The Chairman:
living

i n the l a w that applies

T h e y

t o it.

T h a t i s one o f the misfortunes o f

i n Oklahoma.

(Informal d i s c u s s i o n f o l l o w e d w h i c h t h e s t e n o g r a p h e r
was d i r e c t e d n o t t o report; a f t e r w h i c h t h e f o l l o w i n g p r o -

ceedings took place.)
Tho Chairman:

W e have exhausted t h e time allotted

for-No... L a s
Governor McCord: I

Governor Fancher: I

move w e p a s s i t f o r t h e present.

s e c o m t h e motion.

(There w a s n o f u r t h e r d i s c u s s i o n a n d t h e q u e s t i o n w a s

duly carried.)
The C h a i r m a n :

N o w we come

t o amendments

t o the

Federal Reserve Act, No. 1 3 h a v i n g b e e n taken care of.

14. A M E N D M E N T S

T O F E D E R A L R E S E R V E ACT.

Have y o u a n y h o p e o r e x p e c t a t i o n t h a t a

this matter will d o any good, Mr. Secretary?

discussion o f

CLT

Mr. Curtis:

T h e only thing which I know of that

the Board might like t o have u s discuss h e r e i s the amondment concering t h e issuing o f Federal Reserve notes against
gold.
The Che irman:

A n d w e ought t o put a

strong r e s o l u t i o n

through o n that.
Mr- C u r t i s s I

for the present.

think, p e r h a p s ,

w o might p a s s t h a t

M r . Hamlin asked m c t o g o over i t some-

time during t h e course o f the week a n d confer w i t h h i m o n
the c x a c t p h r a s e o l o g y t h a t t h e y m i g h t adopt.
had s o m e l i t t l e u p s e t w i t h r e s p e c t
posed t o Congress,

T h e y have

t o the plan they pro-

a n d they a r e v e r y anxious

straightened o u t i n apple p i e order,

t o have i t

s o that t h e y c a n con-

vinec t h e committee t h a t i t should b e done. I

believe

that w e would g e t along a

good doal faster i f w e found just

where t h e B o a r d w e r e n o w ,

M r . J a y h a s b e e n i n correspond-

ence with t h e m for s o m t i m e before w e tackled that, a n d

I think they would appreciate a resolution.
The Chairman:

T h e n l e t u s pass t h a t until Mr. Curtis

has h a d his conference.
Governor McCord:

pardon m e just a

O

moment:

n t h a t o n e point,

i f y o u will

I f the l a w i s a s m y good friend

Van Zandt says, t h e n w e need a n amendment t o put u s o n a n
equal p l a n e w i t h b a n k s l o a n i n g m o n e y t o o u r m e m b e r banks.

We have t o discount a n d cannot m a k e loans direct,

a m in

doing s o should a bank fail w e must prove o u r claim o n
each individual item.


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The Chairman:

T h a t has becn attended t o b y a n amend-


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ment that i s n o w proposed, and, I

believe, h a s b e e n rather

tentatively agreed u p o n with the House committee, t h a t
the b a n k s m a y b e p e r m i t t o d

t o make loans n o t exceeding

fifteen d a y s m a t u r i t y s e c u r e d

b y bills t h a t a r e e l i g i b l e

for discount.
Governor McCord:

B u t that does n o t meet t h e subject

as I would like t o have it, becauso y o u are discounting
continually, a n d while t h e y might l e t y o u make a

note f o r

fiftcen days i t would n e t protect y o u i n discounting.
What I

want i s t h a t t h e c i s c o u n t s , h o w e v e r m a n y t h e r e

may be, shall b e filed a s one claim.
The Chairman:

T h a t h a s nothing t o c o with t h e Federal

Reserve Act.
Mr- Curtis:

Y o u a r e talking about bankruptcy claims?

Governor McCord:

N

o 617;

i t i s cifierent t r o m 2

bamkruptcy claim.

The Chairman:

T h e Federal Government cannot make

any l a w w i t h r e s p e c t thereto.

Governor Miller:

G o v e r n o r McCord, t h a t i s simply a

little formality o f just swearing t o each item?
Governor McCord:

N o ,

i t i s not a

formality.

(Informal discussion followocd which t h e stenographer
was d i r e c t e d n e t t o report; a f t e r w h i c h t h e f o l l o w i n g prco-

ceodings t o o k place: )

The Chairman:

A L ] o f the amendments that t h e ¥ederal

Reserve Board a r e willing t o press t o obtain a t this sesSion o f Congress h a v e b e e n Submitted t o Congress a n d a r e
now u n d e r discussion.

T h i s i s a n amendment

t o t h e general


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219
statutes

o f t h e U n i t e d States.

L S A O a n O - b a b eodhVie.wlon Cain

accomplish anything b y taking the matter u p with the Reserve

Board at this tim&
Governor McCord:

V o u l d t h e r e be: a n y 1mprdpricery— i n

my taking i t u p with m y Member o f Congress?
The Chairman:

N o t a bit;

b u t w h y d o y o u not sug-

gest that t h e item b e put o n the calcondar for o u r next meeting a n d k e p t t h e r e ?
Governcr McCord:

C o n g r e s s w i l l b e adjourned

b y that

time.
The Chairman:
it i s important,

T a k e i t u p with the next Congress.

i t i s worth keeping

o n o u r program,

I f

as

other matters have been, f o r long periods o f time.
I think m o s t o f t h e s e q u e s t i o n s w h i c h n c b o d y g e t s a n
opportunity

t o consider u n l e s s t h e y a r e o n t h e p r o g r a m

ought n o t t o b e c o n s i d e r e d u n l e s s t h e y h a v e b e e n s u : g e s t e d

for the program, a n d everybody comes here prepared t o dis-

cuss them. T h e fact is that many questions come up at
our meetings, b u t where these things a r e pending i n the
different r e s e r v e b a n k s a n d c a n b e suggested f o r t h e p r o -

gram i t greatly facilitates dealing w i t h them i f they are
offered i n advance.
Governor Miller:

Y o u were going t o make some sugges-

ticn about a n amendment?
The Ghairman:

I t i s a very-trifling matter, b u t i f i t

is one that appeals t o you a s Wise, w e c a n put i t i n i n
connection w i t h the sujzestion f o r amendments-—Governer MeCord: I

thoughtit w a s m a d e u p .

220
he Chairman:

b

s

amendment n o w offered.

.

3 ard. avis. L S 2, Daru c t t h e

I t i s with reference t o that sec-

tion o f the l a w relating t o bankers! acceptances, a n d I
would l i k e t o have that revision which i s t o b e ciscussed
before t h e committee i n a day o r two n o w include a
Sion t h a t b i l l s
exclusive

provi-

o f reserve b a n k s m a y r u n f o r n i n e t y d a y s

c f grace, b e c a u s e t h e b i l l s c r a w n o n L o n d o n c a r r y

three days grace, a n d practically i t would b e very difficult f o r u s t o buy bills w h i c h had a maturity o f 9 3 days
under t h e provisions o f the statutes here.

T h a t i s one

of t h e a m e r n d m e n t s w h i c h t h e Federal R e s e r v e B e a r d a r e n o w

working on, a n d i f y o u think i t i s good business t o take
advantage

o f this opportunity---

Governor Miller:

The Chairman:

I

t would

b e well t o straighten i t

T h e Act says payable

i n any more than

ninety days, a n d i t i s payable a s a matter o f fact i n 9 3
days.

Governor Wold:

I t does mature i n 9 0 days, a n d y o u

have three days grace i n which t o pay it,
Governor Fancner: I

offer a

resolution recommending

that wherefer t h e Act gives a s maturity f o r a n eligible bill
or note ninety dayscr threc months, t h a t grace shall b e
excluded.

Y o u c a n add grace a n d make i t a n eligible piece

of paper.
Governor Wold: I

second t h e motion.

(There was n o further discussion and the motion was
duly carried.)


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15, R E P L E N I S H I N G MEMBER BANKS! F I V E P E R CENT FUNDS
THROUGH FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS.

The Chairman:

W h a t was the Board's suggestion with

reference t o No. 15, Mr* Curtis?
Mr- Curtis:

A

t t h e last conference t h i s matter c a m e

up, a n d i t was discovered t h a t i t had n o t been presented
to the members o r any o f the Governors present, a n d after
a brief discussion i t was voted that this matter should
be handled b y each o f t h e banks a s they thought best.

I l

have here a letter f r o m Mr. Delano w h i c h h e sent m e just
the other day, under date o f April llth. I

think i t has

gone t o each o f the Federal Heserve Agents with a copy o f
for t h e bank. I

have h e r e a copy that w a s went t o the

bank.
Governor Seay:
gmcinstance

Strange

t o say,

i n which i t came directly

i n our c a s e i t was
t o t h e Governor a n d

a c o p y w e n t t o t h e Agent.
Mr-+ Curtis:

T h i s o n e i s addressed

t o Mr. P i e r r e J a y ;

and then, a t the top, i t says: “ F o r the Bank", and Mr,
Delano's signature i s stamped i n and n o t written.
Governor Seay: I

thought i t was worthy o f notice

that i t w a s d o n e t h e o t h e r w a y i n o u r case.
(Informal d i s c u s s i o n o c c u r r e d w h i c h t h e stenoz rapher
was d i r e c t e d n c t t o report; a f t e r w h i c h t h e f o l l o w i n g p r o -

ceedings t o o k place:)

Mr. Curtis:

S h a l l I read this, Mr. Chairman?

The Chairman:

Yes.

Mr. Curtis: ( R e a d i n g ) :
"Tho Federal Reserve Board has h a d under discussion

Ree

with the Treasury Dopartment, particularly with Assistant
Secretary Malburn, suggestions w h i c h have c o m e t o
it at
various t i m e s t h a t N a t i o n a l B a n k s b e p e r m i t t e d
posits

t o make d e -

t o the credit o f t h e Five P e r Cent Fund i n the
hands

of the Treasurer o f the United States a t Washington
threugh their o w n Federal Reserve Banks, a n d that, i f this
can b e arranged,
render

i t will enable Federal Reserve Banks t o

a n i m p o r t a n t a n d desirable s e r v i c e

t o t h e i r members.

The r u l e h e r e t o f o r e h a s r e q u i r e d N a t i o n a l b a n k s

t o get

drafts o n New York, b u t i t i s n o w Suggested that instead
of r e q u i r i n g t h i s , t h e b a n k s m a y p r o p e r l y b e
permitted
request t h e i r

c w F e d e r a l R e s e r v e B a n k s LO. r e m ,

to

t o sthe

Treasurer o f t h e United States f o r their credit i n the
Fiver P e r c e n t R e d e m p t i o n Fund.

T h i s would t h e n b e han-

dled ( i n denominations o f $10,000) a n d at the convenience
of the Federal Reserve B a n k o f the District, through t h e
Gold R e d e m p t i o n F u n d a t Washington.

"In carrying o u t this p l a n i t i s proposed t h a t t h e Federal R e s e r v e

Bank

c f N e w Y o r k s h a l l h a v e t h e p r i v iisce

paying f o r i t s m e m b e r b a n k s d i r e c t l y
urer o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s

o F

t o t h e Assistant T r e a s e

i n that city, a n d , furthermore,

it i s t h e idea that nothing i n this p l a n shall prevent
National b a n k s f r o m m a k i n g r e m i t t a n c e s d i r e c t
urer

o f t h e United States

o r t o the Assistant

New Y o r k i n t h e o l d w a y i f t h e y d o n o t c h o o s e
themselves

t o the TreasTreasurer

a t

t o avail

o f t h e m e t h o d h e r e i n proposed.

"As t h i s i s a

matter

i n connection w i t h t h e cperation

of the Banks which m a y well b e considerea b y the Governors


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225
at t h e i r f o r t h c o m i n g c o n f e r e n c e

i n Washington,

i t i s now

Submitted t o you with the request that y o u take i t u p a t
that t i m e a n d o f f e r s u c h s u g g e s t i o n s

o r conclusions

a s you

may have arrived at. "
"Yours v e r y truly,

"FF, £, Delano,
"“Wice Governor."
I wrote t o Mp. Delano and cited t o him the decision
arrived a t a t t h e last Conference a n d said that I would
be very glad t o put i t o n the program again f o r t h e Governors t o consider a t this conference.
Governor “old:

W h a t w a s t h e res:lution a t t h e last

Conference?

Mr+ Curtis:

T h a t each Federal reserve bank handle

the matter i n the w a y they deemed best.
Mr. S a i l e r a n d Mr. K e n z e l h a v e m a c e a

very g o o d b r i e f

memorandum o n this subject which points o u t some o f the

matters mentioned b y Mr. Delano, which I will read:
"Referring t o the aitached letver’from Mr. velano,
Vice G o v e r n o r

o f t h e Federal Reserve Board, w i t h reference

to the 5% Redemption Fund of National banks, w e beg to
point o u t that this matter was discussed w i t h Mr. Malburn
at our office o n January 28th last.
"at that time w e suggested t h a t deposits t o replenish

the 5% Fund of National banks throughout the country could
be m a d e i n t h e f o l l o w i n g manner:

1. T h a t the Treasurer c f the United States instruct
the National banks throughout t h e country hereafter

224

to make s u c h deposits b y requesting their Federal
reserve b a n k t o m a k e a

transfer

o f t h e amount

through t h e F e d e r a l R e s e r v e B a n k o f N e w Y o r k t o

the Assistant Treasurer e f t h e United States i n
New York.

If mor® cesirable, that the Federal reserve bank
of e a c h d i s t r i c t m a k e s u c h t r a n s f e r s d i r e c t

by

issuing t h e i r ‘ r a f t o n t h e F e d e r a l R e s e r v e B a n k

of New York and sending i t t o the Assistant
Treasurer

o f the United States

i n N e w York, c o v e r -

ing o n e o r m o r e s u c h d e p o s i t s f o r t h e c r e d i t o f

the member banks 5 % Redemption Fund.
"Inasmuch a s there may b e a number o f these payments
from c a c h d i s t r i c t ,

t h e above procedure

would simplify

the

work o f the Federal Reserve Bank o f New York and the Subtreasury.

A s the Treasurer o f the United States i s n o w

maintaining deposit accounts w i t h each Federal reserve bank,

credits for the 5 % Fund could b e passed t o the credit o f

the Treasurer of the United States i n each Federal reserve
bank, w i t h a d v i c e t o t h e fpeasurer, t h e r e b y e l i m i n a t i n g
all c h e c k s a n d t r a n s f e r s

b y m e m b e r b a n k s a n d Federal r e -

serve banks.

"It i s difficult t o see h o w the Gold Settlement Funda
could b e used t o advantage i n these matters,

a s the unit o f

transactions through t h e Gold Settlement F u n d i s vL0,000,

and the payments t o the 5 % Fund are almost always for small
odd amounts,

of $10 000."


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multiple


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The Chairmant

¥ e have dis c u s s e d this before a t our

meetings, and, a s you know, I have always shied a t the
idea that t h e Federal Reserve Banks should b e interposed,
if y o u please, between t h e National banks o f t h e country
and the Government's f i v e p e r cent redemption fund, which

is a part o f the general fund, o n the theory that i f we
handled t h e payments i n behalf o f the member banks i n the
form o f c h e c k s - - - t h a t i s , i f t h e y g i v e u s c h e c k s

correspondents,
possibly a

o n their

w e will g e t i n settlement f o r those checks

different quality o f money f r o m what w e would

be able t o pay t o the Government through the Gold Settlement Fund, a n d a t a time o f heavy redemption o f National
bank notes, w h e r e t h e f u n d h a d t o t e r e g u l a r l y replenished,

if w e permitted a

National b a n k t o give i t s check o n any

but a Federal reserve bank, w e would get replenishment
through t h e clearing house,

a m w e would always b e paying

That

out our gold through the Gold Settlement Fund.

would: not b e the case i f the drafts that w e receive f o r
transfer p u r p o s e s

w e r e always drafts

o n Federal

reserve

banks, because t h e y a r e settling between themselves i n gold.
So that Mr. Kenzel's suggestion that these transfers b e
made solely through the Federal reserve agents b y drafts
on Federal r e s e r v e b a n k s w o u l d p r o t e c t u s .
Governor McCord:

The Chairman:

t would not protect us.

I t wouid not?

Governor McCord:
tell y o u why.

I

N o sir; i t would not.

F o r instance, I

b a s ceMeSe 8

have t w o o r t h r e e h u n d r e d

thousand dollars t o b o deposited b y the Atlanta Banks i n


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226
the F i v e r P e r C e n t Fund.

T h o s e people would send u s down

National b a n k n o t e s o r c h e c k s

o n our par points creating

their credit, t h e n g o a m c r a w their checks o n u s f o r the
amount,

a n d w e have g o t t o pump i n the gold t o make their

Five P e r Cent Fund a n d take such things a s t h e Government
itself would not take f r o m us.
Governor Wold:

R h y d o y o u tako the b a n k notes?

You

are not cbliged to.
Governer McCord:

O h , yes, y o u are.

in o u r c o u n t r y a t t h e p o i n t o f a

Governor Seay:

notes

pistol.

C u s t o m i n a community m a y force y o u

to d o things o f that kind.
The Chairman:

Y o u would d o i t

W w e do not take them.

T h e bank has n o right t o redeem its

i n that way.

Governor McDougal:

W e have h a d a number o f requests

from Member Banks f r o m time t o time t o handle t h e matter
for t h e m i n t h i s way,
and d e p o s i t

with a

b y a s k i n g us-.to c h a r g e t h e i r a c c o u n t

local sSubtreasury;

are d o i n g n o w , a n d w h a t i s c u s t o m a r y

a n d that

i s what

we

i n t h e l a r g e banks.

In answer t o this letter from Mr. Delano I suggested
to h i m t h e p o s s i b i l i t y

o f their being able

t o handle

i t re-

gardless o f their subtreasury through t h e Government account.
That i s t h e plan that I

believe y o u found some objection to,

Mr. Strong?
The Chairman:

Y e s .

Governor M c D o u g a l : W o u l d y o u state that objection
again, i f y o u please?

The Chairman:

T h e Government, a s I understand it,

227
while i t holds t h e Five P e r Cent Redemption F u n d i n the
General Fund, i s n o t authcrized b y the Federal Reserve A c t

to deposit that portion o f the General Fund with Federal
Roserve Banks.

T h a t i s specially excepted b y the statute,

as 1 reca ll. I

have n o t looked a t i t f o r s o m time.

Governor Seay:

T h a t i s unquestionably right.

Governer McDougal:

I

n our communication i t was stated

that o f course this would have t o b e with the consent o f
the Treasurer.

Governcr Wold: I

am under the impression, Mr. Chair-

man, t h a t w e are making those transfers o r replen&shing t h e
Five P e r Cent Fund f o r our Member banks b y drafts u p o n

the New york bank sent t o the Assistant T r e a s u r e r t
a New
York w i t h t h e r e q u e s t t h a t i t b e p l a c e d

i n the Five P e r Cent

Fund.
Governor McDougal: I

simply s t a t e t h e m a n n e r

which we are handling that for our member banks.
convenient f o r t h e m a n d s t i l l

in

I t is in-

i t a n s w e r s t h e purpose.

This

plan o f “ir. Delano's would n o t help u s i n m y district a t
Eri
Governor McCord:

I

t would materially affect us.

We have n o R t e e a s u e e .
Governor Seay:

Y o u r redemptions a r e very large?

Governor McCord:

O u r redemptions a r e very large.

he

are n o t permitted t o carry i r t h e unclassified account a n y
redemption

o f national

b a n k notes.

T h e only thing

wo

Can p u t i n there i s u n f i t s i l v e r c e r t i f i c a t e s a n d T r e a s u r y

notes, a n d w e pump that d r y i n two hours.


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I t would simply be


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228
pumping o u t t h e g o l d f r o m o u r G a l d F u n d i n t o t h e Tlreasury

of the United States a n d getting i n payment therefor
checks

o n o u r p a r points,

a n d national b a n k n o t e s t h a t a r e

Uni i g o r circuie ton.
The Chairman:
reference

T h i s question divides itself, w i t h

t o y o u r experience,

i n t o t w o parts:

O n e i s the

part covered b y this suggestion, w h i c h i s simply t o furnish
facilities t o country banks outside o f Federal Reserve Cities
for making remittances.

T h e other i s your o w n special

local c a s e w h e r e y o u r b a n k s - - -

Governor McCord:

N o t o n l y the Atlanta Bank, b u t o u r

country banks d o the same thing.
The Chairman:

T h a t i s a local situation.

Governor McCord:

I t i s local w i t h a t least o n e o f

you, t o o .

Governor V a n Zandt:

I t i s local w i t h us.

Governor Seay? T h e r e i s some danger t h a t the redemption m a y b e the means o f depleting o u r gold fund.

L E <5

am not mistaken, t h e entire volume o f National b a n k notes
is r e d e e m e d e v e r y year.

The Chairman:

T h a t i s what I have been hearing.

Governor S e a y : I

t h i n k i t behooves

u s t o be a

careful o n that, because w e might readily conceive a
when,

i f a

Feceral

reserve

b a n k should undertake

little

time

t o fur-

nish the gold, t h e y would g e t back i n exchange f o r i t some
other class o f money.
The Chairman: I

would n o t want t o undertake t o fur-

nish gold i n settlement o f all national b a n k redemptions


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

coo
f o r t h e b a n k s i n . o u r «district. i
service t h a t i s p e r f o r m e d
limited t o t r a n s m i t t i n g

would l i k e t o s e e t h e

b y the F e d @ a l reserve banks

t o t h e Government t h e s a m e k i n d o f

money w e r e c e i v e f r o m t h e N a t i o n a l b a n k s ,

a n d tlere i s

no oc<aSion f o r u s t o perform that service i n New York
city for member banks that a r e located there, because t h e y
can g o right t o the sSubtreasury.
Governor Wold:
about this;

B u t there i s nothing obligatory

i t i s s i m p l y p u t h e r e s o w e c a n serve o u r

member b a n k s w h e n w e d e s i r e t o , a n d d i s c o n t i n u e t h a t s e r -

vice when w e please.

Governor Seay:

A n d i f you undcertakeit and get them

in the habit o f it, y o u will b e furnishing them with the
means o f depleting your g o l d reserve, a n d i t will net b e
very e a s y t o reverse your position.
The Chairman:

A r e w e ready t o make a n y recommenda-

tion with respect t o this matter?

A r e n o t t h e t w o cbjec-

tions t o the plan, one, that the Gold Settlement Fund, only
providing settlements i n units o f 610,000,

w i l l not

apply t o t h e a v e r a g e r u n c f s m a l l t r a n s a c t i o n s

i n replenish-

ing t h e Five P e r cent Redemption Fund; a n d , two, t h a t unless t h e a r r a n g e m e n t

i s s o operated t h a t w e c a n p a y i n t o

the redemption fund t h e same kind o f money that w e receive,
we w i l l b e subject

t o the pos sibility o f a

depletion o f o u r g o l d r e s e r v e s

very s e r i o u s

b y being obliged t o p a y out

gold a n d r e c e i v e n a t i o n a l b a n k notes, U n i t e d S t a t e s n o t e s
and s i l v e r certificates.

Governor Seay:

A n d credits o n par points.


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

The Chairman:

A n d checks.

Governor Seay: I

move t h a t t h e a t t e n t i o n o f t h e

Board b e c a l l e d t o t h o s e t w o considerations,

a n d that i t b e

conveyed t o them i n the language expressed b y our Chairman,

which 1 think covers the situation very completely.
Governor McCord: I

second the motion.

(There w a s n o discussion,

a n d t h e motion w a s

duly carried.)

16. M E M B E R BANK EARNINGS STATEMENTS.
The Chairman:

Mr. Rhoads.

T h e next t: pic i s No. 16, offered b y

H e was obliged t o g o t o a funeral. I

do not

know W h a t t h i s t o p i c r e f e r s t o , e x c e p t p o s s i b l y t h e m o n t h l y
publication.
Mr. C u r t i s :

S t a t e m e n t s t h a t a r e s o n t t o t h e Comptrol-—-

ler a t t h e t i m e o f t h e d e c l a r a t i o n

banks.

o f dividends

b y member

H e wants t o have copies o f those sent t o the Re-

serve b a n k s f o r t h e i r information,

w h i c h h e says h e i s not

now getting t o a n y great extent.
Governor Miller:

Mr- Curtis:

D i v i d e n d reports?

Yes.

i t i s t h e report c f earnings

accompanies t h e dividend.
Governor McCord:

T h a t i s w h e t i t i s called.

Governor Fancher:

W e d o n o t get them a t all, now.

Governor McCord: I
Governor Wold:
Governor McCord:
have t o s e n d u s a
tho Comptroller.

W

get a

few o f them.

e d o occasionally.
S o m e o f o u r member banks t h i n k t h e y

duplicate

c f everything t h e y s e n d t o


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

251

The Chairman:

A r e they o f value f o r credit purposes?

Governor McCord:
The Chairman:
behalf

Y e s sir.

A r e y o u prepared

o f Governor Rhoads?

H

t o cffer a

motion

in

e apparently thinks h e ought

to have them.
Governor Miller:

I t i s the best documentary evidence

of the prosperity o f the bank,or lack o f prosperity.
Governor McDougal: I
requested

would move that t h e Board b e

t o secure f o r e a c h o f t h e m e m b e r banks a

copy

of the semi-annual report o f dividends a n d earnings a s furnished b y the banks t o the Comptroller f r o m time t o time.
(The m o t i o n w a s d u l y seconded, a n d , t h e r e b e i n g

no further discussion, i t was carried.)
17. M E T H O D O F HANDLING C I P H R C O D E TELUGRAMS.
Mre Curtis:

W e h a d quite a

little discussion about

the method o f handling cipher code telegrams, a n d Mr. Jefferson has worked out, i n conjunction w i t h some o f the cther
members

o f t h e staff, a

very complete s y s t o m w h i c h t h e y

feel very proud o f there, a n d he thought i t might b o well
to have t h e m distributed around f o r the information o f the
other banks t o see whether o r not t h e y wanted t o adopt similar systems. I

think y o u went o v e r that, Mr. Fancher,

when y o u were there, d i d y o u not?
Governor Fancher:
Mr- Curtis:

Y e s . sir.

T h a t i s . l l this is--- merely a

query

as t o whether t h e other banks would b e interested i n having
a description o f that system sent around t o all the banks.
Governor McCord:

W

e have agreed w i t h y o u r b a n k o n

232

the u s e o f that systom. I

think i t would b e valuable i f

we all h a d uniformity, i t . i s y n o t a
a word t h a t Shows,

test word, b u t i t i s

i f y o u s e n d t h r e e o r four t e l e g r a m s

i n

one a n e s w h i c h o n e y o u a r e r e f e r r i n g t o .

Mrs Calkins:

I s that a l l that i s included i n this

system?

Mre Ourtis:

T h e r e i s more t h a n that.

dum i s really t o o long t o read;

T h i s memoran-

i t i s about four pages

long, w i t h some exhibits attached, showing j u s t h o w i t i s
worked.
Mr. Calkins:

C o p i e s have n o t been sent t o t h e

banks?

Mr.» Curtis:

N o t that I

know of; no. I

think t h e y

have h a d correspondence w i t h some o f t h e banks.
Mr. Calkins:

W

e h a d correspondence w i t h y o u r bank

in regard t o that first word, b u t nothing else.
Governor Wold: I

move that t h e Federal Reserve B a n k

of New York b e requested t o send copies o f this plan t o
all t h e Reserve banks, w i t h the view o f making t h e u s e o f
the code gencral.
Mr- Calkins: I
The Chairman:

second t h e motion.
I

s there a n y discussion?

(There was n o discussion, a n d t h e motion was d i l y

carried.)
The Chairman:
been disposed of.


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T h e A u d .t o f Gold Settlement F u n d h a s

19. DISTRIBUTION OF CONFERENCE EXPENSES,
Mrs Curtis:

T h a t 1s a

v e r y s m a l l matter,

I

t o@tur-

red t o somecf u s t h e other d a y that there were some
charges f o r ¢igars a n d liquors t h a t p e r h a p s w o u l d a p p e a r

better o u t o f the cxpensé t h a n i n it, a n d I had t h e audi-

tof i n our office g o through ail o f our expense accounts
for all o f these conferences a n d take oub expenses for

cigars and liquors i n order t d bee how mich the whole
thing amounted t o and what disp6sition t h e Goverhors want-

ed to mike of that matter,

T h e y can be left as they are.

Up t o the last Cohferent¢e digars améuhted t o $91, and
liquors around the very mddébate s u m of $20. T h e r e wag
a suggestion that perhapsit would b e well t o have those
paid b y the individual Governors a n d not g o t o the banks,

Governor Fanther:

A r e you reopening that a s t o a

fulLure p o l i c y ?
Governor Seay:

Mr. Curtis:

H a s i t been criticised

N o , n o t a t all. I

b y anybody?

think o u r Chairman

is the one w h o thought o f this matter.

The Chairman:

W h a t impressed m e about the account

was this, that i n effect w e are spending the Governmont's
money i n running t h e s e s b a n k s , b e c a u s e t h e s u r p l u s o v e r

expenses a n d dividends goes t o the Government, a n d t o t h a
extent that w e increase o u r expenses w e reduce t h e Surplus.
So that should t h e Governmen» s e e fit t o make a n investigation o f the Reserve banks a n d haul over their accounts a n d
vouchers,

w h i c h Congress m a y d o a t a n y time, a n d w h i c h I

think i t i s quite likely some d a y will b e done, w e d o n o t


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

234
want t o b e h u m i l i a t e d

b y having newspaper headlines s t a t e

that w e w e r e o v e r h e r e d f i n k i n g w h i s k e y a n d s m o k i n g c i g a r s

constructively a t the expense o f tho Government, without
any a u t h o r i t y t o d o s o - P e r s o n a l l y , I

would r a t h e r p a y

the bill t h a n have ithat question pos sibly arise, a n d i n
clear r e c o r d t h a t i t h a d n o t r e c e i v e d c o n -

paying i t m a k e a

sideration until t h e present t i m e when w e were looking over
thequestion o f the expenses o f this Conference a n d t h e suggestion was m a d @ that i t might b e wiser n o t t o have t h e
banks p a y f o r a l c o h o l a n d tobacco.

One a o n

w h y I suggested i t was that i n the o l d Trust

Company w e f o r m a n y y e a r s h e l d o u r e x e c u t i v e c o m m i t t e e

meetings Thursday afternoon a n d evening, « n d w e had dinner
together, a n d once a

month when t h e club bill came i n the

fees f o r the meetings w e r e adjusted, a n d all costs o f alcohol a n d c i g a r s w e r e t a k e n f r o m t h e fees,

s o that n o t h i n g

of that sort would appear o n the books o f the Trust Company.
Governor Seay:
Mr- Curtis:

F o r what period i s that, Mr. Curtis?

U p t o date, f r o m the beginning o f these

conferences.
Governor Wold:

L e t u s get o u r record clear a n d pay

it personally a n d hereafter i t will b e understood t h a t
it will b e a separate bill a n d paid f o r individually.
(Informal d i s c u s s i o n o c c u r r e d w h i c h t h e s t e n o g r a p h e r
was d i r e c t e d n o t t o report; a f t e r w h i c h t h e f o l l o w i n g p r o -

ceedings took place: )
Mr+- Curtis: I

think o n e resolution will cover t h e

two; t h a t t h e expenses o f past meetings b e


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

235
pro rated among t h e twelve Governors a n d that a l l future
expenses f o r l i q u o r s a n d c i g a r s

b e scent t o e a c h o f t h e

Governors p e r s o n a l l y .

(Further informal discussion occurred which t h e ste-

nographer was directed ndt t o report} afiéer which the follewing proccedings took placei)
Governor Seay! U n d e r this heading 1 think i t will b e
possible f o r the Committee o n Apportionment t o make a re-

port up6n another matter which was referred t o it; andthat
was the question o f providing for the compensation o f the

Secretary and legal adviser of this Conference,
Our committee considers that the Conference i s fortuhate t o have a highly capable legal adviser and Secretary
in one.

T h e Committee

i s unanimously

o f t h e opinion t h a t

the arrangement that h a s heretofore b e e n i n force b e continued, i f the Secretary i s willing t o continue h i s services
aS l e g a l a d v i s e r a n d w e d e s i r e t h a t i t b e s p e c i a l l y n o t e d

that h e is -ceting a s legal adviser t o the Conference,
framer o f resolutions, performing clerical labors which w o
think could not very well b e performed t o o u r satisfaction
unless t h e y wore performed b y a man who i s familiar w i t h
the routine o f bank work a n d with t h e purposes o f this Conference, a n d w h o understands t h e subjects w h i c h are discussed here.
to o b t a i n a

W

e d o not think i t would b e a
Secretary f o r t h a t purpose,

very e a s y m a t t e r

a n d w e therefore

recommend t h a t i f t h e p r e s e n t S e c r e t a r y i s w i l l i n g t h e a r -

rangement which has b e e n i n existence heretofore be’ continued a n d t h a t t h e s a m e c o m p e n s a t i o n

b e continued.


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236

Governor McDougal: I
The Chairman:

second t h e recomnendation.

B e f o r e putting t h e question, l e t m e

refresh y o u r r e c o l l e c t i o n a b o u t w h a t occurred.

T h e sug-

gestion was made that t h e payment t o a Secretary o f this
meeting w a s a

proper t h i n g ; t h a t w e h a d t o have a

and that w e ought t o have a

Secretary,

man who could advise u s about

these things a s w e went along, a n d that Mr. Curtis w a s t h e
only man.

S e c r e t a r y McAddo expressed t h e hope o r the

wish that w e could make that payment compensation for Mr.
Curtis! s e r v i c e s

i n passing u p o n warrants a n d performing

services o f that character directly for each bank a m h a v e
it s o a p p e a r

ing;

o n o u r books,

a m n o t a s Secretary

o f this m a t -

t h e reason f o r that being that there i s nothing i n

the statute w h i c h contemplates a n organization o f this kind,
and, again, w e are spending t h e Government's money.

£t.48

all right i f the offieers o f the banks c o m h e r e f o r a
conference, b u t when they -rganize a n d have paid officers,
it begins t o look a little b i t ultra vires.

M r - Curtis i s

advising t h e banks about investments i n other matters i n New
York,

and I

had thought t h a t i f h e could b e compensated

the b a s i s o f h i s a c t i n g

on

i n that capacity a s sort o f a n ad-

viser o r assistant i n New York i n these matters,

n o possible

objection could b e raised t o it.
Governor Wold:

T h e resolution calls f o r t h e fixing

of this compensation a s counsel, w h i c h will cover a l l that.
Governor Scay: I

embraced that idea i n m y report. I

may not have c-vered i t i n such phraseology a s y o u m a y think
will best meet t h e Situation, b u t inasmuch a s w e have a legal


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

257
adviser I

do not s e e w h y h e could n o t b e called o n t o

frame the resolution.
The Chairman:

A r e y o u ready f o r a vote o n that,

Governor S e a y ?

Governor Seay:

T h a t i s t h e report.of t h e committee,

Mr. Chairman.
The Chairman:

H a s someone a

resolution t o offer?

The resolution might b e framed b y the counsel.
Governor McDougal‘ I
Mr. Calkins! I

offer such a resolution.

second t h e motion.

(There was n o discussion; a n d the motion was duly
carried, )

21s, P R E S S STATEMENT.
Ths Chairman:

S h a l l t h e press statement

b e referred

to the Secretary a s usual?
(On motion, d u l y seconded, t h e preparation o f a state-

ment for the press was referred t o the Secretary.)
22. N E X T MEETING:
Governor V a n Zandt: I

move t h a t t h e p r e s e n t C h a i r m a n

be requested t o preside a t the next Conference which m a y
be called.
(The m o t i o n w a s n u m e r o u s l y s e c o n d e d a n d u n a n i m o u s l y

carried.)
The Chairman:

H o w about t h e date o f the next meeting?

Governor Seay: I

ject t o arrangement.
(Whereupon,

move t h a t our next meeting b e sub-

(

I

t was s o ordered. )

a t 12:45 o'clock p. m., a

recess w a s taken

until Wednesday, April 19, 1916, a t 9:30 o'clock a. m.)


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