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Extended Mass Layoffs in 2006 U.S. Department of Labor U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics April 2008 Report 1004 Introduction report uses the new metropolitan area definitions as defined in the Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 07-10. Additional information about the program is provided in the Technical Note that follows the tables. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts the Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program to provide information on large-scale private nonfarm layoff events and on the characteristics of dislocated workers. Each month, BLS reports the number of mass layoff events by employers, and, each quarter, there is a separate report on the number and characteristics of those private nonfarm mass layoffs that last more than 30 days. This report summarizes that latter analysis for all of 2006, providing information on the industry, geographic distribution, and size of private nonfarm mass layoffs; the demographic characteristics of those claiming unemployment insurance; the duration of certified unemployment; the expectation of recall; the extent of permanent worksite closures; and the movement-of-work actions taken by employers. In 2006, employers laid off about 936,000 workers in 4,885 private nonfarm extended mass layoff events. Compared with 2005, layoff events remained unchanged, while the number of separations increased by over 51,000. (See table 1.) Twentysix States and the District of Columbia reported over-theyear increases in the number of workers laid off. Among the 7 categories of economic reasons for layoff, layoffs due to seasonal work accounted for 38 percent of all private nonfarm worker separations. Between 34,036 and 55,751 workers lost their jobs in extended mass layoffs because their employers moved work to other U.S. locations or to locations outside of the United States, either within the same company or to other companies. Layoff activity involving permanent worksite closures accounted for 13 percent of all layoff events and affected 153,718 workers in 2006. In 2006, the national unemployment rate was 4.6 percent; a year earlier, it was 5.1 percent. Private nonfarm payroll employment increased by 2.0 percent, or about 2.3 million jobs, from 2005 to 2006. Extended mass layoffs, as defined in the MLS program, refer to layoffs of at least 31 days’ duration that involve the filing of initial claims for unemployment insurance by 50 or more individuals from a single establishment during a consecutive 5-week period. Since 2004, the detailed reports no longer cover government and agricultural layoffs. This Highlights Industry distribution of 2006 mass layoffs • Manufacturing establishments accounted for 28 percent of layoff events and 29 percent of separations in 2006, up slightly from 26 percent of events and 25 percent of separations in 2005. The percentages of events and separations in 2006 were the second and third lowest respectively on record for this sector since annual data became available in 1996. Food manufacturing (mostly fresh and frozen seafood processing and fruit and vegetable canning) and transportation equipment (largely in automobiles) firms accounted for 48 percent of the separations in manufacturing in 2006. When compared with 2005, transportation equipment registered the largest increase in manufacturing separations (38,305). (See tables 2 and 3.) • Construction (mainly in heavy and civil engineering and in specialty trade contractors) accounted for 22 percent of private nonfarm mass layoff events and 13 percent of separations. The number of laid-off construction workers, 125,892 in 2006, was slightly higher than the previous year. (See table 2.) Eighty-six percent of all construction layoffs were due to the ending of seasonal work and the completion of contracts. Employers expected a recall in 59 percent of the construction layoff events. • Administrative and waste services accounted for 10 percent of all private nonfarm layoff events and separations, largely reflecting the completion of contracts in professional employer organizations and temporary help agencies. (See table 2.) Both the numbers of events (477) and separations (91,777) in administration and waste services reached their lowest levels since 2000. • Manufacturers and distributors of clothing reported laying off 55,925 workers, the second lowest level recorded in the program after the 2005 level. (See table 2.) Layoffs due to organizational changes accounted for the largest number of separations in this industry group (21,242), followed by seasonal reasons (15,802). The South registered the highest number of laid-off workers (16,781), followed by the West (14,293). • Employers involved in food processing and distribution, excluding agriculture, accounted for 13 percent of all private nonfarm separations, representing 120,789 workers. The number of such laid-off workers remained about the same from the previous year’s level of 121,738. (See tables 2 and 3.) • Of the major sectors, manufacturing recorded the largest increase in worker separations between 2005 and 2006 (50,502), followed by retail trade (20,436) and finance and insurance (12,147). Among those sectors showing declines in the number of separated workers, health care and social assistance had the largest decrease (12,846), followed by arts, entertainment, and recreation (9,044) and accommodation and food services (7,806). (See table 3.) • Of the four information technology-producing industries (computer hardware, software and computer services, communications equipment, and communications services), firms involved in computer hardware had the largest number of laid-off workers (12,036) in 2006. Layoffs in communications services reported the largest decrease (2,792) since 2005 and reached its lowest level of separations since 2000. (See table 4.) • • • Reasons for layoff • Based on the 7 categories of economic reasons for extended mass layoffs, events related to seasonal reasons (seasonal and vacation period) accounted for 35 percent of layoff events and 38 percent of separations, lower than in 2005. (See table 7 and the chart.) Compared with 2005, the number of workers laid off due to seasonal factors declined by 4 percent, while the number of workers in total private nonfarm layoffs increased (6 percent). On average, during each of the last 3 years, about 360,000 workers have been laid off due to seasonal work. Thirty percent of all workers separated because of seasonal layoffs were from transit and ground passenger transportation, heavy and civil engineering construction jobs, and food services and drinking places. Among the 88 3-digit NAICS-coded industry groups in the private nonfarm economy identified in the MLS program, 43 posted increases in the number of separated workers during 2006. Of these, transportation equipment manufacturing recorded the largest increase (38,305), followed by general merchandise stores (17,478) and transit and ground passenger transportation (12,711). Forty-one industries registered decreases, led by air transportation (8,907) and amusements, gambling, and recreation (7,330). At the 3-digit NAICS industry level, general merchandise stores moved into the top 10 in terms of worker separations, with social assistance dropping from that list. (See table 5.) Among the 6-digit NAICS industries, automobile manufacturing and supermarkets and other grocery stores moved into the top 10 in terms of separations, replacing mail-order houses and child day care services. (See table 6.) • The number of workers separated due to business demand factors (contract cancellation, contract completion, domestic competition, excess inventory, import completion, and slack work) accounted for 37 percent of all extended mass layoff events and 28 percent of separations, up from 28 percent of events and 24 percent of separations in 2005. (See table 7.) Contract completion and slack work accounted for 92 percent of the events and separations within the business demand group. Administrative and support services (professional employer organizations and temporary help services) had the largest number of worker separations due to contract completion; transportation equipment manufacturers recorded the largest separations due to slack work. • The largest over-the-year increases in layoffs, by reasonfor-layoff category, occurred because of organizational changes (46,563), business demand issues (45,034), production specific reasons (7,241), and financial issues (4,137). Layoffs due to disaster and safety had the largest decrease (54,718) in worker separations compared with 2005, when Hurricanes Katrina and Rita resulted in the large number of separations in this category. (See tables 7 and 8.) • Layoffs associated with organizational changes (businessownership change and reorganization or restructuring) recorded the largest increase in separations over the year, after declining for 4 consecutive years. The largest over-the-year increase in separations associated with reorganization or restructuring was recorded by general merchandise stores (+13,848). (See tables 7 and 8.) • California and Illinois accounted for the largest numbers of separations in the seasonal category, followed by New Jersey, Ohio, Wisconsin, New York, and Michigan. In layoffs due to business demand factors, Florida and California accounted for the highest number of separations. California and Ohio registered the largest numbers of separations due to organizational changes. (See table 9.) on the specific number of separations associated with the movement-of-work component of the layoff in 232 actions, or 66 percent of the total actions for 2006. Thus, a range of 34,036 (separations in movement-ofwork actions in which the employer was able to provide specific details) to 55,751 (total separations in all layoff events that included movement of work) is established for separations due to the movement of work in 2006. (See table 14.) Movement of Work • Movement of work was involved in 252 extended mass layoff events in 2006. This accounted for 8 percent of all nonseasonal and nonvacation-period mass layoff events and resulted in the separation of 55,751 workers. Compared with 2005, the number of events dropped by 9 percent, while the number of separations increased by 4 percent. (See tables 10 and 14.) • Among the 252 layoff events with reported relocation of work, 66 percent involved the permanent closure of worksites, which affected 39,757 workers. In sharp contrast, only 15 percent of the nonseasonal and nonvacation mass layoffs in which there was no movement of work resulted in a closure. • Manufacturing industries were associated with 68 percent of the events and 69 percent of separations in which work moved, largely in transportation equipment, electrical equipment and appliance, and food manufacturing. In contrast, manufacturing accounted for only 32 percent of events and 36 percent of separations in nonseasonal and nonvacation mass layoffs with no movement of work. (See table 10.) • • • • Organizational change (business-ownership change and reorganization or restructuring of company) was cited in the 63 percent of events and separations associated with the movement of work. Among nonseasonal and nonvacation mass layoffs with no movement of work, 15 percent of events and 22 percent of separations were due to such changes. (See table 11.) • Of the 232 actions with separations reported, domestic relocations of work accounted for 64 percent of the actions and resulted in the separation of 20,669 workers. Eighty-four percent of the domestic actions and 88 percent of associated separations were the result of moving work within the same company. Employers cited Ohio more than any other State as the location to which work was moving, followed by California, Tennessee, and Texas. (See table 15.) • Out-of-country relocations accounted for 36 percent of the movement-of-work actions among the 232 relocations of work with separations reported and resulted in 13,367 laid-off workers. Eighty-five percent of the out-of-thecountry actions and 88 percent of separations were due to relocations within the same company. (See table 15.) Mexico and China were cited 63 percent of the time as the destination to which work was moving. Size of layoff • Layoff events in 2006 continued to be concentrated at the lower end of the extended layoff-size spectrum. Smallersize layoffs--those involving fewer than 150 workers in the event--accounted for 65 percent of all events this year, the highest percentage in this category in program history. These layoff events, however, accounted for only 30 percent of all separations, about the same as 2005 (31 percent). On the other end of the spectrum, 266 layoff events involving 500 or more workers accounted for 33 percent of all separations. (See table 16.) The South led all regions in terms of separations (18,965) in which work was moved, followed by the Midwest (17,315). (See table 12.) The South and Midwest regions experienced over-the-year increases (19 and 4 percent, respectively) in the number of laidoff workers in events experiencing some movement of work. The Northeast and the West regions experienced over-the-year declines (10 and 5 percent, respectively) in the number of separations associated with movement of work. Benefit exhaustion rates were higher for claimants in layoffs involving the movement of work. Also, in movement-of-work events, the older the claimants, the more likely they were to exhaust benefits. In events in which work did not move, benefit exhaustion rates were similar for claimants of all ages, with the exception of the oldest age category (55 years of age and older). (See table 13.) In the 252 layoff events involving movement of work, 349 relocations of work were identified. (Movement of work can involve more than one relocation.) Of these relocations, employers were able to provide information • The average number of separations per layoff event in 2006 was 192, up from 181 in 2005. Among private sector establishments, arts, entertainment, and recreation reported the largest average layoff size per layoff event (331 workers), followed by retail trade (320 workers) and professional and technical services (286 workers). Establishments with the smallest average layoff size were those in real estate and rental and leasing (102 workers) and educational services (102 workers). (See table 17.) • Employers citing labor dispute or contract negotiations or strike as the reason for layoff had the highest average layoff size per layoff event (629 workers), followed by those reporting model changeover (475 workers), business-ownership change (336 workers), and nonnatural disaster (309 workers). Layoffs due to extreme weather-related events and contract completion averaged the fewest separations per layoff event (95 and 138 workers, respectively). (See table 17.) • jobless duration (as measured by the average number of continued claims) were separated from employers located in Kentucky, Montana, Arkansas, and Alaska. (See table 21.) Employers reporting the worksite as permanently closed averaged 248 separations per layoff event, the highest since 2002. (See table 17.) Initial claimants • In 2006, there were 950,157 initial claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events. Of these, 40 percent were women; 16 percent were black; 14 percent were Hispanic; and 19 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-five percent of claimants were between the ages of 30 and 44. (See tables 18 and 20.) In the total civilian labor force in 2006, 46 percent were women; 11 percent were black; 14 percent were Hispanic; and 17 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-four percent of the civilian labor force was between the ages of 30 and 44. • The percentage of MLS claimants who were white remained unchanged from 2005 at 59 percent. Persons of Hispanic origin accounted for 14 percent of the claimants involved in extended mass layoff events. The percentage of Hispanic claimants was highest in wholesale trade (27 percent), followed by health care and social assistance (24 percent) and administrative and waste services (23 percent). (See table 19.) • The proportion of black claimants was 16 percent in 2006, about the same as in 2005 (17 percent). Establishments providing other services, except public administration reported the highest percentage of black claimants (31 percent), followed by educational services (28 percent) and health care and social assistance (23 percent). • The percentage of claimants aged 55 and over continued to increase, from 13 percent in 2001 to 19 percent in 2006. The proportions of these older claimants were highest in professional and technical services, transportation and warehousing, and arts, entertainment, and recreation. Claimants between the ages of 30 and 44 accounted for 35 percent of all claimants from extended mass layoffs. Within this age group, the proportion of claimants was highest among real estate and rental and leasing, construction, and health care and social assistance. (See table 20.) Duration of insured unemployment • Tennessee reported the longest duration of insured unemployment associated with extended mass layoff events (as measured by the average number of continued claims for unemployment insurance filed for weeks including the 12th day of the month following the initial claim), followed by Alabama, New Mexico, and West Virginia. Claimants experiencing the shortest • Tennessee reported the largest proportion of claimants exhausting unemployment insurance benefits (33 percent), followed by Wyoming (32 percent), North Carolina (29 percent), and North Dakota (26 percent). States registering the lowest percentages of exhaustees were Delaware, Alaska, Arkansas, and New Hampshire. (See table 21.) • The longest average jobless duration (based on the average number of continued claims) was experienced by claimants laid off from finance and insurance companies. Claimants laid off from transportation and warehousing experienced the shortest periods of jobless duration, followed closely by accommodation and food services. (See table 22.) • Benefit exhaustion rates were highest among workers in professional and technical services (26 percent), while workers in construction (7 percent) had the lowest rates. (See table 22.) • Claimants laid off due to organizational changes and financial issues reported the longest jobless duration. The shortest duration occurred in layoffs due to a slowdown in business demand. (See table 22.) • Benefit exhaustion rates were high for claimants involved with worksite closures (24 percent). Claimants associated with layoffs from employers which did not expect a recall (18 percent) experienced higher benefit exhaustion rates than workers in events from which a recall was expected (9 percent). (See table 22.) • Among the 50 largest metropolitan statistical areas in terms of the level of initial claims activity, claimants laid off from employers in Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KYIN reported the longest jobless duration, followed by Dayton, OH and Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC. Claimants associated with employers in HarrisburgCarlisle, PA, Shreveport-Bossier City, LA, and ScrantonWilkes-Barre, PA experienced the shortest duration of unemployment. Benefit exhaustion rates were highest in Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN (36 percent), MiamiFort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL (35 percent), and Dayton, OH (31 percent). (See table 23.) • Claimants aged 55 and over had the highest exhaustion rates as compared to other age groups. Women had higher exhaustion rates than men. Black claimants reported higher benefit exhaustion rates than any other race or ethnic category, followed by those of Hispanic origin. (See table 24.) Geographic distribution • In 2006, for the third consecutive year, employers in the Midwest reported the highest number of separations, largely due to layoffs in manufacturing and in construction. (See table 25.) The Northeast continued to have the lowest number of separations, while the South had the lowest number of events. Excluding the impact of seasonal layoffs, the Midwest (172,581) and South (163,360) had the highest levels of separated workers in extended mass layoff events. • • • • Recall expectations • In 2006, employers expected a recall in over half of all extended mass layoff events. Industries in which the expectation of recall was highest following a layoff included arts, entertainment, and recreation (82 percent); other services, except public administration (81 percent); and health care and social assistance (80 percent). Layoffs in the finance and insurance (5 percent) sector and information (27 percent) sector had the lowest percentages of recall expectation. Excluding seasonal and vacation-period layoffs (in which a recall was expected 94 percent of the time), a recall was expected in 29 percent of events, down from 32 percent in 2005. (See tables 28 and 29.) Compared to 2005, increases in the number of separations occurred in three of the four regions, with the West reporting an increase of 70,678, mostly due to more layoffs in construction and in finance and insurance. Four of the nine geographic divisions reported an increase in separations from 2005, with the largest increases in the Pacific (77,698), South Atlantic (21,097), and New England (13,215) divisions. (See table 25.) California had the largest number of worker separations, 160,807, largely in manufacturing. The States with the next-highest totals of separations (including seasonal layoffs) were Illinois (86,832), Florida (77,660), and Michigan (67,132). (See table 26.) When the substantial impact of seasonal layoffs is excluded, California had the highest separations total for 2006 (117,694 workers), followed by Florida (64,513) and Michigan (50,204). Three States–Alaska, Connecticut, and Wyoming– reached their highest annual totals of laid-off workers since annual data became available in 1996, while Idaho, Louisiana, Maine, Oklahoma, and Texas reached new lows. Twenty-six States and the District of Columbia had over-the-year increases in the number of laid-off workers, led by California (80,125), Michigan (22,642), Ohio (10,740), and Connecticut (10,351). Of the 24 States reporting an over-the-year decrease in the number of laid-off workers, Louisiana (48,350), New York (14,992), Illinois (14,274), and Mississippi (10,485) experienced the largest declines. In 2005, layoffs related to Hurricane Katrina contributed to the large numbers of separations in Louisiana and Mississippi. (See table 26.) • Of those establishments expecting a recall, 49 percent indicated that all workers would eventually be recalled, and 92 percent expected to recall at least half of the workers. (See table 28.) • Employers citing organizational changes and financial issues had the lowest percentages of recall expectation. Layoffs due to seasonal reasons registered the highest recall expectations, followed by layoffs due to disaster and safety reasons. (See table 29.) • Manufacturing industries accounted for 34 percent of all events and separations from which the employer did not expect a recall. These layoffs occurred mainly in transportation equipment, computer and electronic products, and food manufacturing. Retail trade accounted for an additional 17 percent of the laid-off workers where no recall was expected, mostly in general merchandise stores. (See table 30.) • Changes in company organization were cited most frequently for layoffs from which no recall is expected, accounting for 30 percent of such layoff events and 39 percent of separations. Layoffs due to a decline in business demand accounted for an additional 47 percent of layoff events with no expectation of recall and 35 percent of separations, mostly a result of contracts ending. (See table 30.) Permanent worksite closures • Employers reported that 13 percent of all extended mass layoff events resulted in a permanent closure of the worksite, affecting 153,718 workers. The number of workers involved in closures reached its fourth lowest level in the program. (See table 31.) Fifty-five percent of events and 48 percent of separations occurred in metropolitan areas, a decrease from 2005, when 60 percent of events and 53 percent of separations occurred in such areas. Among the 369 metropolitan areas, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA reported the highest number of separations (39,638), largely in finance and insurance and in construction. San JoseSunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA and San Francisco-OaklandFremont, CA entered the top 10 metropolitan areas in terms of laid-off workers, while New Orleans-MetairieKenner, LA and Gulfport-Biloxi, MS dropped out of the top 10. (See table 27.) • Separations from permanent closures in 2006 were due mainly to organizational changes, followed by financial issues and business demand reasons. (See table 31.) • In 2006, manufacturing accounted for 51 percent of events and 44 percent of separations resulting in a worksite closure. These events occurred largely in transportation equipment, computer and electronic products, food manufacturing, and textile mills. Retail trade accounted for 13 percent of the layoff events and 27 percent of separations resulting from closures during the year, largely in food and beverage stores and general merchandise stores. (See table 32.) Three major industry sectors (mining, utilities, and health care and social assistance) reached series lows in terms of closurerelated separated workers in 2006. • In 2006, general merchandise stores, textile mills, accommodation, and plastics and rubber products manufacturing moved into the top 10 3-digit NAICS industries in terms of the number of laid-off workers in permanent closures. These industries replaced fabricated metal product manufacturing, machinery manufacturing, furniture and related product manufacturing, and primary metal manufacturing. (See table 33.) • California registered the highest number of separations in permanent closure-related events (28,290), followed by Ohio (16,346) and Florida (14,409). California reported the largest increase (13,263) in separations due to closures, while New York had the largest decrease (3,257) in laid-off workers due to closures. (See table 34.) One State, Ohio, reached its series high in terms of closure-related separated workers in 2006, while 10 other States and the District of Columbia reached their series low in 2006. • Among the 369 Metropolitan Areas, employers in Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA reported the highest number of separations (8,572) in permanent closure-related events, followed by New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA (7,423). San JoseSunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA and Miami-Fort LauderdalePompano Beach, FL entered the top five metropolitan areas this year in terms of workers laid off in permanent closures, replacing Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA. (See table 35.) Table 1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 1998–2006 Year/quarter 1998 First quarter……………………… Second quarter…………………… Third quarter……………………… Fourth quarter…………………… Total…………………………… 1999 First quarter……………………… Second quarter…………………… Third quarter……………………… Fourth quarter…………………… Total…………………………… 2000 First quarter……………………… Second quarter…………………… Third quarter……………………… Fourth quarter…………………… Total…………………………… 2001 First quarter……………………… Second quarter…………………… Third quarter……………………… Fourth quarter…………………… Total…………………………… 2002 First quarter……………………… Second quarter…………………… Third quarter……………………… Fourth quarter…………………… Total…………………………… 2003 First quarter……………………… Second quarter…………………… Third quarter……………………… Fourth quarter…………………… Total…………………………… 2004 First quarter……………………… Second quarter…………………… Third quarter……………………… Fourth quarter…………………… Total…………………………… 2005 First quarter……………………… Second quarter…………………… Third quarter……………………… Fourth quarter…………………… Total…………………………… 2006 First quarter……………………… Second quarter…………………… Third quarter……………………… Fourth quarter…………………… Total…………………………… 1 Initial claimants for Events1 Separations1 1,115 1,333 1,028 1,383 178,251 336,536 201,186 275,272 206,366 361,822 219,763 268,511 4,859 991,245 1,056,462 1,262 1,194 898 1,202 230,711 246,251 184,429 240,060 213,535 205,043 156,123 222,216 4,556 901,451 796,917 1,081 1,055 817 1,638 202,500 205,861 174,628 332,973 180,205 186,759 158,394 320,909 4,591 915,962 846,267 1,546 1,828 1,629 2,372 304,171 430,499 330,391 459,771 306,535 358,611 336,298 456,068 7,375 1,524,832 1,457,512 1,611 1,624 1,186 1,916 299,266 344,606 255,152 373,307 292,998 299,598 254,955 370,592 6,337 1,272,331 1,218,143 1,502 1,799 1,190 1,690 286,947 368,273 236,333 325,333 297,608 348,966 227,909 326,328 6,181 1,216,886 1,200,811 1,339 1,358 886 1,427 276,503 278,831 164,608 273,967 238,392 254,063 148,575 262,049 5,010 993,909 903,079 1,142 1,203 1,136 1,400 186,506 246,099 201,878 250,178 185,486 212,673 190,186 246,188 4,881 884,661 834,533 963 1,353 929 1,640 183,089 295,886 160,252 296,578 193,510 264,807 161,716 330,124 4,885 935,805 950,157 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all States and the District of Columbia. unemployment insurance1 Table 2. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2004–06 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Industry 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 5,010 4,881 4,885 993,909 884,661 935,805 903,079 834,533 950,157 Mining………………………………………………………… 40 13 Utilities………………………………………………………… 870 Construction…………………………………………………… Manufacturing………………………………………………… 1,467 310 Food………………………………………………………… 21 Beverage and tobacco products ………………………… Textile mills………………………………………………… 40 Textile product mills……………………………………… 26 Apparel …………………………………………………… 69 11 Leather and allied products ……………………………… 38 Wood products …………………………………………… 43 Paper ……………………………………………………… Printing and related support activities…………………… 41 21 Petroleum and coal products …………………………… 48 Chemicals ………………………………………………… 44 13 960 1,292 273 13 37 24 47 6 49 29 39 19 31 40 11 1,062 1,368 245 26 55 20 53 9 87 38 36 22 26 6,123 2,964 118,998 254,430 64,050 4,505 6,140 4,546 11,583 1,873 4,587 5,750 5,764 2,781 6,566 5,906 1,818 122,393 223,066 50,817 2,489 5,256 3,110 7,024 887 7,547 3,416 4,763 2,513 5,519 6,911 1,690 125,892 273,568 50,229 3,433 9,083 2,311 7,575 998 10,768 4,944 4,904 3,102 3,490 5,423 2,585 135,574 261,913 60,690 3,122 7,416 5,015 9,132 1,921 5,659 5,590 5,461 3,150 6,051 5,470 1,776 135,323 243,159 52,823 2,041 7,466 4,282 6,051 774 8,287 3,258 5,454 2,902 4,750 6,122 1,735 157,635 328,571 50,026 3,476 12,227 3,710 6,714 1,021 14,225 4,211 4,468 3,320 2,746 Plastics and rubber products …………………………… Nonmetallic mineral products …………………………… Primary metal ……………………………………………… Fabricated metal products ……………………………… Machinery…………………………………………………… Computer and electronic products ……………………… Electrical equipment and appliance……………………… Transportation equipment ………………………………… Furniture and related products …………………………… Miscellaneous manufacturing…………………………… 78 70 49 94 63 95 49 189 73 39 63 82 35 77 72 79 40 196 52 29 71 66 44 63 70 80 45 227 56 29 10,336 11,269 8,217 13,549 9,195 14,979 11,396 40,636 10,761 5,947 7,732 12,229 6,752 10,291 12,427 14,230 10,537 42,971 8,468 4,088 10,710 10,737 8,981 7,232 11,498 17,936 11,102 81,276 8,530 4,729 9,782 11,592 8,046 13,240 9,959 16,370 15,073 48,255 11,190 5,199 8,686 12,486 5,238 10,884 13,974 12,984 12,556 55,970 8,563 3,730 12,302 11,319 8,357 9,167 11,608 14,556 13,599 128,627 9,065 3,827 Wholesale trade……………………………………………… Retail trade…………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing…………………………… Information…………………………………………………… Finance and insurance……………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing………………………… Professional and technical services………………………… Management of companies and enterprises……………… Administrative and waste services………………………… Educational services………………………………………… Health care and social assistance………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation………………………… Accommodation and food services………………………… Other services, except public administration……………… 94 344 278 170 158 13 151 21 545 16 284 138 314 88 102 336 300 114 110 19 156 14 505 22 307 135 357 94 84 313 314 113 161 17 155 18 477 23 232 130 286 81 15,908 143,671 59,098 36,593 34,145 3,889 33,199 3,688 113,365 1,429 44,213 37,687 68,855 14,906 13,345 79,607 67,455 23,041 18,898 2,667 41,800 2,178 93,554 5,227 42,918 52,058 74,912 13,618 13,976 100,043 70,074 18,978 31,045 1,732 44,306 2,582 91,777 2,353 30,072 43,014 67,106 10,686 12,241 90,414 57,789 37,968 32,040 3,405 30,605 3,453 104,880 1,589 33,530 16,916 61,004 11,221 13,611 71,432 58,009 22,671 19,957 3,618 31,717 1,867 93,636 3,181 33,935 18,801 63,567 12,623 10,783 86,447 62,142 23,736 28,446 1,500 35,728 2,530 91,729 2,661 25,180 15,645 59,311 10,256 Unclassified …………………………………………………… 6 1 – 748 200 – 529 180 – 232 638 182 632 239 534 59,683 180,333 33,657 121,738 55,925 120,789 54,075 134,106 35,857 118,583 60,738 115,020 Total, private nonfarm 1........................................................ Selected industry groupings 2 Clothing manufacturing and distribution ……………………… Food processing and distribution……………………………… 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 See the Technical Note for descriptions of these industry groupings. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 3. Over-the-year change in extended mass layoff separations by industry, private nonfarm sector, 2004–2005 and 2005–2006 2004-2005 2005-2006 Industry Level change Percent change Level change Percent change Total, private nonfarm1 ................................................... -109,248 -11.0 51,144 5.8 Mining........................................................................... Utilities.......................................................................... Construction.................................................................. Manufacturing............................................................... Food.......................................................................... Beverage and tobacco products............................... Textile mills............................................................... Textile product mills.................................................. Apparel..................................................................... Leather and allied products...................................... Wood products.......................................................... Paper........................................................................ Printing and related support activities....................... Petroleum and coal products.................................... Chemicals................................................................. -217 -1,146 3,395 -31,364 -13,233 -2,016 -884 -1,436 -4,559 -986 2,960 -2,334 -1,001 -268 -1,047 -3.5 -38.7 2.9 -12.3 -20.7 -44.8 -14.4 -31.6 -39.4 -52.6 64.5 -40.6 -17.4 -9.6 -15.9 1,005 -128 3,499 50,502 -588 944 3,827 -799 551 111 3,221 1,528 141 589 -2,029 17.0 -7.0 2.9 22.6 -1.2 37.9 72.8 -25.7 7.8 12.5 42.7 44.7 3.0 23.4 -36.8 Plastics and rubber products.................................... Nonmetallic mineral products................................... Primary metal............................................................ Fabricated metal products........................................ Machinery................................................................. Computer and electronic products............................ Electrical equipment and appliance.......................... Transportation equipment......................................... Furniture and related products.................................. Miscellaneous manufacturing................................... -2,604 960 -1,465 -3,258 3,232 -749 -859 2,335 -2,293 -1,859 -25.2 8.5 -17.8 -24.0 35.1 -5.0 -7.5 5.7 -21.3 -31.3 2,978 -1,492 2,229 -3,059 -929 3,706 565 38,305 62 641 38.5 -12.2 33.0 -29.7 -7.5 26.0 5.4 89.1 .7 15.7 Wholesale trade............................................................ Retail trade................................................................... Transportation and warehousing.................................. Information.................................................................... Finance and insurance................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing............................... Professional and technical services.............................. Management of companies and enterprises................. Administrative and waste services................................ Educational services..................................................... Health care and social assistance................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation.............................. Accommodation and food services............................... Other services, except public administration................ -2,563 -64,064 8,357 -13,552 -15,247 -1,222 8,601 -1,510 -19,811 3,798 -1,295 14,371 6,057 -1,288 -16.1 -44.6 14.1 -37.0 -44.7 -31.4 25.9 -40.9 -17.5 265.8 -2.9 38.1 8.8 -8.6 631 20,436 2,619 -4,063 12,147 -935 2,506 404 -1,777 -2,874 -12,846 -9,044 -7,806 -2,932 4.7 25.7 3.9 -17.6 64.3 -35.1 6.0 18.5 -1.9 -55.0 -29.9 -17.4 -10.4 -21.5 Unclassified ................................................................. -548 -73.3 -200 -100.0 -26,026 -58,595 -43.6 -32.5 22,268 -949 66.2 -.8 2 Selected industry groupings Clothing manufacturing and distribution ………………… Food processing and distribution…………………………… 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 See the Technical Note for descriptions of these industry groupings. Table 4. Information technology-producing industries: Extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 1996–2006 Year Information technology-producing industries1 Total extended mass layoffs Layoff events Separations Computer hardware2 Software and computer services3 Communications equipment4 Communications services5 Layoff events Separations Layoff events Separations Layoff events Separations Layoff events Separations 6,612 1996 ...................................... 4,760 948,122 100 17,884 20 10,724 32 5,323 33 1997 ...................................... 4,671 947,843 64 11,934 15 1,730 23 2,515 18 3,237 1998 ...................................... 4,859 991,245 166 36,069 17 3,296 33 6,971 25 4,150 1999 ...................................... 4,556 901,451 103 22,557 20 3,731 27 4,344 18 3,930 2000 ...................................... 4,591 915,962 66 18,805 48 7,940 25 4,618 24 4,048 2001 ...................................... 7,375 1,524,832 503 102,587 205 29,420 140 34,874 136 30,084 2002 ...................................... 6,337 1,272,331 303 59,653 137 18,689 112 23,236 176 32,134 2003 ...................................... 6,181 1,216,886 196 32,689 80 13,426 62 10,408 113 21,721 2004 ...................................... 5,010 993,909 76 11,524 52 8,575 16 1,887 81 17,266 2005 ...................................... 4,881 884,661 75 11,928 32 5,667 13 3,000 47 7,725 2006 ...................................... 4,885 935,805 48 12,036 23 3,503 19 3,752 34 4,933 1 providers; Web search portals; data processing and related services; computer and software merchant wholesalers; computer and software stores; custom computer programming services; computer systems design services; computer facilities management services; other computer related services; office equipment rental and leasing; and computer and office machine repair. 4 The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), are: telephone apparatus manufacturing; audio and video equipment manufacturing; broadcast and wireless communications equipment; fiber optic cable manufacturing; software reproducing; and magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing. 5 The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), are: wired telecommunications carriers; cellular and other wireless carriers; telecommunications resellers; cable and other program distribution; satellite telecommunications; other telecommunications; and communication equipment repair. Information technology-producing industries are defined in Digital Economy 2003, (U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, 2003). 2 The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), are: semiconductor machinery manufacturing; office machinery manufacturing; electronic computer manufacturing; computer storage device manufacturing; computer terminal manufacturing; other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing; electron tube manufacturing; bare printed circuit board manufacturing; semiconductors and related device manufacturing; electronic capacitor manufacturing; electronic resistor manufacturing; electronic coils, transformers, and inductors; electronic connector manufacturing; printed circuit assembly manufacturing; other electronic component manufacturing; industrial process variable instruments; electricity and signal testing instruments; analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing; computer and software merchant wholesalers; and computer and software stores. 3 The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), are: Software publishers; Internet service 10 Table 5. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest three-digit NAICS industries in 2006 Industry NAICS 2 2005 Events Separations 2006 Rank 1 Events Separations Rank Total, private nonfarm ...................................... … 4,881 884,661 … 4,885 935,805 … Total, 50 highest industries ......................................... … 4,545 837,855 … 4,585 892,029 … Administrative and support services…………………… Transportation equipment manufacturing……………… Heavy and civil engineering construction……………… Food manufacturing……………………………………… Specialty trade contractors……………………………… Transit and ground passenger transportation………… Professional and technical services…………………… Food services and drinking places……………………… General merchandise stores…………………………… Amusements, gambling, and recreation………………… 561 336 237 311 238 485 541 722 452 713 489 196 449 273 370 155 156 247 87 60 91,121 42,971 60,314 50,817 42,641 32,016 41,800 48,440 20,905 40,080 1 5 2 3 6 9 7 4 13 8 472 227 438 245 454 181 155 189 118 57 89,674 81,276 57,978 50,229 47,351 44,727 44,306 41,941 38,383 32,750 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Accommodation…………………………………………… Social assistance………………………………………… Food and beverage stores……………………………… Construction of buildings………………………………… Computer and electronic product manufacturing……… Credit intermediation and related activities…………… Nonstore retailers………………………………………… Insurance carriers and related activities………………… Machinery manufacturing………………………………… Electrical equipment and appliance mfg………………… 721 624 445 236 334 522 454 524 333 335 110 199 69 141 79 65 47 30 72 40 26,472 26,983 16,177 19,438 14,230 12,252 21,678 3,644 12,427 10,537 11 10 15 14 17 19 12 47 18 22 97 182 49 170 80 104 38 46 70 45 25,165 22,957 21,276 20,563 17,936 17,049 16,428 12,701 11,498 11,102 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Wood product manufacturing…………………………… Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing…………… Plastics and rubber products manufacturing…………… Performing arts and spectator sports…………………… Textile mills………………………………………………… Primary metal manufacturing…………………………… Furniture and related product manufacturing…………… Apparel manufacturing…………………………………… Clothing and clothing accessories stores……………… Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods……………… 321 327 326 711 313 331 337 315 448 424 49 82 63 68 37 35 52 47 28 43 7,547 12,229 7,732 10,915 5,256 6,752 8,468 7,024 4,827 5,797 30 20 28 21 39 32 25 31 42 36 87 66 71 69 55 44 56 53 29 47 10,768 10,737 10,710 9,843 9,083 8,981 8,530 7,575 7,441 7,399 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Fabricated metal product manufacturing……………… Air transportation………………………………………… Motion picture and sound recording industries………… Membership associations and organizations…………… Mining, except oil and gas……………………………… Truck transportation……………………………………… Telecommunications……………………………………… Couriers and messengers………………………………… Paper manufacturing……………………………………… Printing and related support activities…………………… 332 481 512 813 212 484 517 492 322 323 77 45 28 51 41 25 46 21 29 39 10,291 15,426 8,719 6,602 5,718 4,887 7,604 7,900 3,416 4,763 23 16 24 33 37 41 29 26 49 43 63 29 34 51 36 39 36 16 38 36 7,232 6,519 6,511 6,357 6,306 5,890 5,119 5,055 4,944 4,904 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Miscellaneous manufacturing…………………………… Building material and garden supply stores…………… Merchant wholesalers, durable goods………………… Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores……… Chemical manufacturing………………………………… Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing………… Hospitals…………………………………………………… Petroleum and coal products manufacturing…………… Support activities for transportation……………………… Broadcasting, except Internet…………………………… 339 444 423 451 325 312 622 324 488 515 29 23 47 11 31 13 37 19 19 4 4,088 4,480 6,333 1,576 5,519 2,489 7,745 2,513 2,539 326 46 45 34 66 38 56 27 55 54 77 29 23 24 13 26 26 19 22 19 12 4,729 4,497 4,251 4,046 3,490 3,433 3,310 3,102 3,075 2,902 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1 Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2006. 2 See foonote 1, table 1. 11 1 Table 6. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit NAICS industries in 2006 Industry 2 NAICS 2004 Separations 2005 Rank 1 Separations 2006 Rank 1 Separations Rank Total, private nonfarm .......................................... … 993,909 … 884,661 … 935,805 … Total, 50 highest industries ........................................ … 616,270 … 525,306 … 565,715 … Highway, street, and bridge construction………………… School and employee bus transportation………………… Professional employer organizations……………………… Food service contractors…………………………………… Temporary help services…………………………………… Tax preparation services…………………………………… Automobile manufacturing………………………………… Hotels and motels, except casino hotels………………… Supermarkets and other grocery stores…………………… Skiing facilities……………………………………………… 237310 485410 561330 722310 561320 541213 336111 721110 445110 713920 39,861 33,462 33,536 26,448 50,156 10,969 8,850 24,739 61,744 21,163 3 5 4 6 2 17 22 7 1 8 45,812 28,448 28,550 27,975 37,252 21,842 7,229 22,657 14,751 24,458 1 4 3 5 2 8 22 7 12 6 41,100 40,349 36,803 32,048 30,416 25,601 21,330 20,092 19,629 17,548 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Department stores, except discount……………………… Child day care services……………………………………… Mail-order houses…………………………………………… Discount department stores………………………………… Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing……………… Amusement and theme parks……………………………… Fresh and frozen seafood processing……………………… Fruit and vegetable canning………………………………… Nonresidential electrical contractors……………………… Motor vehicle seating and interior trim mfg……………… 452111 624410 454113 452112 336112 713110 311712 311421 238212 336360 18,074 16,521 16,104 15,247 200 3,719 6,489 18,511 10,753 6,510 10 11 12 13 459 45 27 9 18 26 5,988 18,112 19,436 10,131 1,890 9,367 3,979 11,375 10,692 3,405 26 10 9 15 101 16 40 13 14 49 16,713 14,696 14,628 14,461 13,812 12,390 10,198 10,126 8,608 8,531 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Commercial building construction………………………… Landscaping services……………………………………… Industrial building construction……………………………… Scheduled passenger air transportation…………………… Motion picture and video production……………………… Ready-mix concrete manufacturing………………………… All other plastics product manufacturing…………………… Direct health and medical insurance carriers……………… Nonresidential plumbing and HVAC contractors………… Household refrigerator and home freezer mfg…………… 236220 561730 236210 481111 512110 327320 326199 524114 238222 335222 8,099 6,346 12,990 4,555 10,199 5,670 5,086 1,533 6,364 3,920 25 29 14 36 21 32 33 128 28 41 7,749 6,731 8,325 14,946 8,521 6,067 4,019 306 5,335 2,859 21 24 19 11 18 25 39 363 29 58 7,331 7,247 6,628 6,519 6,216 6,148 5,961 5,702 5,528 5,399 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Nonresidential site preparation contractors……………… Computer storage device manufacturing………………… All other motor vehicle parts manufacturing……………… Casino hotels………………………………………………… Couriers……………………………………………………… Broadwoven fabric mills…………………………………… Other individual and family services……………………… Full-service restaurants……………………………………… Real estate credit…………………………………………… Frozen fruit and vegetable manufacturing………………… 238912 334112 336399 721120 492110 313210 624190 722110 522292 311411 3,608 297 3,616 1,700 6,010 3,419 4,766 10,354 5,944 8,813 47 393 46 113 30 50 34 20 31 23 4,447 227 4,909 3,815 7,805 2,872 3,797 9,000 821 5,112 37 406 34 43 20 57 44 17 185 30 5,353 5,135 5,107 5,073 5,055 5,001 4,966 4,937 4,935 4,780 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 All other general merchandise stores……………………… Power and communication system construction………… Aircraft manufacturing……………………………………… New single-family general contractors…………………… Other social advocacy organizations……………………… Payroll services……………………………………………… Iron and steel mills…………………………………………… Home centers………………………………………………… Other heavy construction…………………………………… Nonresidential drywall contractors………………………… 452990 237130 336411 236115 813319 541214 331111 444110 237990 238312 1,333 2,357 2,263 2,199 3,887 2,814 3,504 2,005 2,058 1,883 142 76 80 82 43 60 48 90 89 98 1,475 3,711 1,515 1,618 5,070 3,097 1,620 2,790 2,337 2,081 127 46 122 115 32 53 114 60 75 89 4,767 4,749 4,511 4,454 4,350 4,220 4,210 4,209 4,083 4,062 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1 Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2006. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 12 1 Table 7. Reason for layoff: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2004–06 Layoff events Reason for layoff 1 Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Total, private nonfarm, all reasons2 ............... 5,010 4,881 4,885 993,909 884,661 935,805 903,079 834,533 950,157 Business demand ................................................... 1,513 1,385 1,788 273,297 212,844 257,878 289,738 260,049 350,964 Contract cancellation ........................................... Contract completion ............................................. Domestic competition ........................................... Excess inventory/saturated market ...................... Import competition ............................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal business slowdown ........................................ 111 772 71 692 71 1,056 18,398 170,192 11,402 115,992 10,813 146,069 14,165 157,236 10,017 134,105 10,355 183,684 ( ) 3 ( ) 51 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 56 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 64 ( ) 3 ( ) 8,064 ( ) 3 ( ) 11,112 ( ) 3 ( ) 10,458 ( ) 3 ( ) 7,599 ( ) 3 ( ) 10,086 ( ) 3 ( ) 11,737 579 566 597 76,643 74,338 90,538 110,738 105,841 145,188 Organizational changes .......................................... 680 550 597 135,977 103,266 149,829 129,132 99,587 147,655 Business-ownership change ................................ Reorganization or restructuring of company ........ 128 552 107 443 124 473 30,495 105,482 23,748 79,518 41,714 108,115 21,566 107,566 17,928 81,659 26,403 121,252 Financial issues ...................................................... 309 223 221 63,350 46,243 50,380 47,535 37,687 37,069 Bankruptcy ........................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ...... Financial difficulty ................................................. 90 89 56 20,130 21,181 15,838 14,526 15,743 7,577 (3) 219 (3) 134 (3) 165 (3) 43,220 (3) 25,062 (3) 34,542 (3) 33,009 (3) 21,944 (3) 29,492 Production specific .................................................. 102 97 94 43,350 22,943 30,184 24,559 20,583 21,204 3 – 3 4 (4) 542 983 655 479 (3) 31 5 9 19 35 (3) 27 6 7 10 40 (3) 29,935 384 2,417 2,811 7,143 (3) 9,289 828 2,533 1,327 7,441 ( ) (3) 11,313 1,486 4,278 2,201 9,688 673 – (4) ( ) (3) 18 10 9 12 36 660 – (4) (3) 10,616 743 2,229 3,536 6,762 (3) 7,703 754 2,852 1,762 6,378 ( ) (3) 7,363 2,146 2,576 1,757 6,170 Disaster/safety ........................................................ 70 403 62 9,346 62,348 7,630 8,445 53,457 7,838 Hazardous work environment .............................. Natural disaster (not weather related) .................. Non-natural disaster ............................................. Extreme weather-related event ............................ 4 ( ) 3 (4) 2 (4) 413 (4) 508 (4) 447 (4) 398 (4) 7,626 (4) 61,255 688 840 1,546 4,556 (4) 355 (4) 62 4 5 5 48 (4) 7,418 (4) 52,366 479 655 1,449 5,255 Seasonal ................................................................. 1,788 1,905 1,725 352,001 370,986 355,091 299,077 299,789 304,631 Seasonal .............................................................. Vacation period–school related or otherwise ....... 1,678 110 1,808 97 1,613 112 334,389 17,612 355,831 15,155 337,531 17,560 282,918 16,159 285,931 13,858 287,265 17,366 Other/miscellaneous ............................................... 548 318 398 116,588 66,031 84,813 104,593 63,381 80,796 Other .................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal .................................. Data not provided: Does not know ....................... 173 246 129 94 151 73 94 192 112 37,767 55,867 22,954 16,704 35,880 13,447 18,237 46,747 19,829 28,044 55,439 21,110 14,809 35,616 12,956 15,375 46,734 18,687 Automation/technological advances .................... Energy related ...................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................ Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ........... Material or supply shortage .................................. Model changeover ............................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance .................. Product line discontinued ..................................... 3 4 1 1 Beginning with the publication of data for the first quarter 2007, the presentation Beginning with the publication of data for the first quarter 2007, the presentation of data by economic reasons for extended mass layoffs were improved. Clearer definitions and titles of data by economic reasons for extended mass layoffs were improved. Clearer for many current reasons were introduced, and seven higher-level categories were identified within which and the detailed economic reasonsreasons are classified. In addition, four reasons were definitions titles for many current were introduced, andnew seven higher-level added. Use of these new reasons began with first quarter 2007 data. For additional informa- categories were identified within which the detailed economic reasons are classified. In addition, four new reasons were added. Use of these new reasons began with first quarter 2007 data. For additional information on the changes to MLS reasons, please 13 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 http://www.bls.gov/mls/home.htm. tionsee on the changes to MLS reasons, please see http://www.bls.gov/mls/home.htm. 2 See2 footnote 1, table 1. See footnote 1, table 1. 3 Use of this reason began with the first quarter 2007 data. 3 4 DataUse do not BLS or State agency disclosure standards. of meet this reason began with the first quarter 2007 data. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 4 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 8. Over-the-year change in separations by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2004–2005 and 2005–2006 2004-2005 Reason for layoff 2005-2006 Level change Percent change Total, private nonfarm, all reasons1 .................................... -109,248 -11.0 51,144 5.8 Business demand ......................................................................... -60,453 -22.1 45,034 21.2 Contract cancellation ................................................................. Contract completion ................................................................... Domestic competition ................................................................ Excess inventory/saturated market ............................................ Import competition ..................................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal business slowdown .............................................................. -6,996 -54,200 -38.0 -31.8 -589 30,077 -5.2 25.9 Organizational changes ................................................................ -32,711 -24.1 46,563 45.1 Business-ownership change ...................................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company .............................. -6,747 -25,964 -22.1 -24.6 17,966 28,597 75.7 36.0 Financial issues ............................................................................ -17,107 -27.0 4,137 8.9 Bankruptcy ................................................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............................ Financial difficulty ...................................................................... 1,051 5.2 -5,343 -25.2 (4) -18,158 (4) -42.0 (4) 9,480 (4) 37.8 Production specific ........................................................................ -20,407 -47.1 7,241 31.6 Automation/technological advances .......................................... Energy related ........................................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ...................................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................................. Material or supply shortage ....................................................... Model changeover ..................................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ........................................ Product line discontinued ........................................................... -118 983 -17.9 2 ( ) (4) -20,646 444 116 -1,484 298 ( ) (4) -69.0 115.6 4.8 -52.8 4.2 ( ) (4) 2,024 658 1,745 874 2,247 (2) (4) 21.8 79.5 68.9 65.9 30.2 Disaster/safety .............................................................................. 53,002 567.1 -54,718 -87.8 Hazardous work environment .................................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ....................................... Non-natural disaster .................................................................. Extreme weather-related event .................................................. 2 ( ) 95 (2) 23.0 (2) 332 (2) 65.4 (2) 53,629 (2) 703.2 (2) -56,699 (2) -92.6 Seasonal ....................................................................................... 18,985 5.4 -15,895 -4.3 Seasonal .................................................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ............................. 21,442 -2,457 6.4 -14.0 -18,300 2,405 -5.1 15.9 4 4 Level change 4 Percent change 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3,048 ( ) 4 ( ) 37.8 ( ) 4 ( ) -654 ( ) 4 ( ) -5.9 -2,305 -3.0 16,200 21.8 3 2 (2) Other/miscellaneous ..................................................................... -50,557 -43.4 18,782 28.4 Other .......................................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ........................................................ Data not provided: Does not know ............................................. -21,063 -19,987 -9,507 -55.8 -35.8 -41.4 1,533 10,867 6,382 9.2 30.3 47.5 1 2 3 See footnote 1, table 1. Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. 4 14 Percentage could not be calculated because the denominator is zero. Use of this reason began with first quarter 2007 data. 1 Table 9. Number of separations in extended mass layoff events by State and by selected higher-level category for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006 Separations State Total Business demand Total, private nonfarm2 ........... 935,805 257,878 149,829 50,380 Alabama ............................................ Alaska ............................................... Arizona .............................................. Arkansas ........................................... California ........................................... Colorado ........................................... Connecticut ....................................... Delaware ........................................... District of Columbia ........................... Florida ............................................... Georgia ............................................. Hawaii ............................................... Idaho ................................................. 9,522 10,875 4,375 3,546 160,807 18,488 18,147 1,781 306 77,660 11,981 2,921 3,745 2,244 2,521 – – 924 39,361 2,097 2,922 – – 6,214 4,612 733 – Illinois ................................................ Indiana .............................................. Iowa .................................................. Kansas .............................................. Kentucky ........................................... Louisiana .......................................... Maine ................................................ Maryland ........................................... Massachusetts .................................. Michigan ........................................... Minnesota ......................................... Mississippi ........................................ Missouri ............................................ 86,832 17,120 4,130 4,430 9,444 10,812 4,711 8,643 14,612 67,132 20,128 3,680 19,121 30,608 5,500 273 1,154 2,504 1,567 544 2,519 3,755 22,059 2,525 895 1,372 11,484 4,189 1,685 Montana ............................................ Nebraska .......................................... Nevada ............................................. New Hampshire ................................ New Jersey ....................................... New Mexico ...................................... New York .......................................... North Carolina ................................... North Dakota ..................................... Ohio .................................................. Oklahoma ......................................... Oregon .............................................. Pennsylvania .................................... 2,726 2,794 3,261 1,871 39,058 2,317 55,573 6,301 1,290 59,293 1,665 17,195 39,162 556 780 – 1,161 941 Rhode Island ..................................... South Carolina .................................. South Dakota .................................... Tennessee ........................................ Texas ................................................ Utah .................................................. Vermont ............................................ Virginia .............................................. Washington ....................................... West Virginia ..................................... Wisconsin ......................................... Wyoming ........................................... 1,977 7,455 458 9,185 15,132 5,186 1,944 19,173 11,171 3,473 28,959 4,237 ( ) 2,792 810 1,251 1,459 – ( ) 1,132 – ( ) (3) – Puerto Rico ....................................... 7,551 5,293 1,467 ( ) (3) 1,046 (3) 44,917 472 (3) (3) (3) 46,864 4,047 1,398 – 3 ( ) 690 3,301 824 18,132 3,499 (3) 12,047 642 1,914 23,966 3 ( ) 706 – 688 4,256 436 Organizational changes Financial issues 3 ( ) – 7,051 581 365 – – 8,130 719 – – 3 ( ) – 2,871 1,571 (3) (3) (3) 1,088 (3) 858 786 (3) 1,075 2,592 10,037 520 (3) (3) 607 3,101 1,165 – – (3) 2,166 Production specific Disaster/safety Seasonal 30,184 7,630 355,091 684 – – 2,101 3,632 – 497 – – – 2,468 – – – – 1,432 10,695 2,421 – 43,113 15,074 6,492 (3) – – 660 (3) 3 ( ) – 598 (3) – 687 427 2,480 – (3) (3) 958 (3) (3) 3 ( ) – – – – – – – 320 – – (3) – (3) 6,948 756 7,007 1,633 – 17,316 (3) 1,145 2,306 (3) 470 493 (3) 722 – 195 – – 5,830 5,324 ( ) 3 ( ) 388 – 502 – – – ( ) (3) 1,537 2,237 – – 7,763 861 (3) – 999 778 3 3 3 3 3 ( ) – 990 (3) 2,530 (3) – 4,453 (3) (3) – – 3 1,742 477 442 1,125 24,253 (3) 18,306 385 728 21,787 – 12,363 12,063 (3) (3) – – – (3) 400 – – – 567 – ( ) The higher-level category, other/miscellaneous is not displayed. 3 2 See footnote 1, table 1. NOTE: Dash represents zero. – 41,271 5,550 2,097 2,039 4,609 3,865 3,412 3,011 7,658 16,928 15,717 1,043 12,627 1,515 388 268 – 2,031 4,277 1,614 4,672 4,095 431 19,617 4,237 1 15 – – – – (3) (3) – 356 – 266 – 381 – – – – 2,005 – 1,223 644 – 2,132 3 (3) – – – (3) (3) 13,147 1,174 459 3,745 3 ( ) – (3) 3 ( ) – – Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. 3 Table 10. Movement of work: Nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2006 Layoff events Industry Work moved Total, private nonfarm1........................................................ 252 2 Mining............................................................................... Utilities.............................................................................. Construction..................................................................... Manufacturing................................................................... Food............................................................................. Beverage and tobacco products................................... Textile mills................................................................... Textile product mills...................................................... Apparel......................................................................... Leather and allied products.......................................... Wood products............................................................. Paper............................................................................ Printing and related support activities.......................... Petroleum and coal products........................................ ( ) – – 172 16 Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Work not moved or unknown Work moved 2,908 55,751 2 ( ) – – 38,708 4,115 ( 2) – 17 5 662 928 83 15 46 18 32 4 68 28 23 4 Chemicals..................................................................... Plastics and rubber products........................................ Nonmetallic mineral products....................................... Primary metal............................................................... Fabricated metal products............................................ Machinery..................................................................... Computer and electronic products............................... Electrical equipment and appliance.............................. Transportation equipment............................................ Furniture and related products..................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing....................................... 5 11 4 5 5 14 12 18 26 6 10 Wholesale trade............................................................... Retail trade....................................................................... Transportation and warehousing...................................... Information....................................................................... Finance and insurance..................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing................................... Professional and technical services................................. Management of companies and enterprises.................... Administrative and waste services................................... Educational services........................................................ Health care and social assistance.................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................................. Accommodation and food services.................................. Other services, except public administration.................... 14 8 10 10 17 Work not moved or unknown 524,963 Work moved 47,206 2 Work not moved or unknown 598,320 ( ) – – 34,274 2,820 ( 2) – 3,697 819 71,817 187,001 15,903 1,981 7,085 2,122 4,200 339 8,951 3,759 2,735 407 ( 2) – 2,756 709 98,293 244,367 17,622 2,219 8,969 3,564 3,979 575 11,748 3,307 2,415 534 21 59 35 39 53 50 67 26 191 49 17 848 2,227 813 774 740 3,811 2,833 5,115 6,899 1,510 1,708 2,642 8,418 5,192 8,207 5,984 6,762 15,003 5,742 72,385 6,860 2,324 629 2,012 457 609 815 2,707 2,000 6,125 7,185 1,006 970 2,117 10,181 5,392 7,748 7,714 7,616 12,371 7,199 118,995 7,942 2,160 3,246 2,487 2,951 1,522 3,748 ( 2) 6,256 61,126 22,059 14,866 27,232 1,052 12,054 1,486 77,303 1,640 9,733 4,165 19,559 3,098 1,475 2,397 1,970 1,713 3,093 ( 2) 40 175 91 90 143 12 96 13 393 14 74 33 98 24 ( 2) 5,678 47,834 20,034 18,640 25,280 1,164 16,599 1,472 80,026 1,763 7,622 4,340 18,561 3,182 – – – – – – ( 2) 7 ( 2) 12 4 ( 2) 9 ( 2) 6 ( 2) 7 – – ( 2) – Unclassified ..................................................................... 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 16 ( 2) 1,540 ( 2) 2,288 609 ( 2) 1,120 ( 2) 582 ( 2) 1,536 – – ( 2) – ( 2) 2,786 ( 2) 1,886 394 ( 2) 839 ( 2) 606 ( 2) 1,095 – – ( 2) – Table 11. Movement of work: Nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006 Layoff events Reason for layoff Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations 1 Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Total, private nonfarm2 ....................................... 252 2,908 55,751 524,963 47,206 598,320 Business demand ......................................................... 38 1,750 7,272 250,606 6,512 344,452 Contract cancellation ................................................. Contract completion ................................................... Domestic competition ................................................ Excess inventory/saturated market ........................... Import competition ..................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal business slowdown .............................................. 4 7 67 1,049 949 1,001 9,864 145,068 568 941 9,787 182,743 ( ) 4 ( ) 19 ( ) 4 ( ) 45 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 3,939 ( ) 4 ( ) 6,519 ( ) 4 ( ) 3,779 ( ) 4 ( ) 7,958 8 589 1,383 89,155 1,224 143,964 Organizational changes ................................................ 158 439 35,201 114,628 31,963 115,692 Business-ownership change ...................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company .............. 17 141 107 332 3,363 31,838 38,351 76,277 2,035 29,928 24,368 91,324 Financial issues ............................................................ 25 196 4,478 45,902 3,076 33,993 Bankruptcy ................................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........... Financial difficulty ...................................................... 3 53 785 15,053 336 7,241 ( 4) 22 ( 4) 143 ( 4) 3,693 ( 4) 30,849 ( 4) 2,740 ( 4) 26,752 4 4 4 4 4 Production specific ....................................................... 18 76 7,099 23,085 3,100 18,104 Automation/technological advances .......................... Energy related ........................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ...................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................. Material or supply shortage ....................................... Model changeover ..................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ........................ Product line discontinued .......................................... 3 ( ) – ( 3) ( 3) – ( 3) ( 3) – ( 3) 3 ( 3) ( 3) ( 4) 7,243 2,146 2,576 1,757 3,302 7,403 ( 3) 7,739 – – ( 3) – 688 840 1,319 4,556 ( 3) – 479 655 1,350 5,255 386 ( 3) 83,339 ( 3) 78,340 82 192 112 3 16,763 46,747 19,829 3 12,919 46,734 18,687 ( 3) ( ) ( 4) 17 10 9 12 20 Disaster/safety .............................................................. ( 3) Hazardous work environment .................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ....................... Non-natural disaster .................................................. Extreme weather-related event ................................. – – Other/miscellaneous ..................................................... Other .......................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ........................................ Data not provided: Does not know ............................ 3 ( 3) ( ) ( 4) 11,207 1,486 4,278 2,201 2,825 61 ( 3) – – ( 3) – 4 5 4 48 ( 3) ( 4) ( 3) – – – 3 ( ) – – ( 4) ( 3) – – – ( ) – – 1 See footnote 1, table 7. 4 2 See footnote 1, table 1. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 3 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. ( 4) ( 3) – – – ( ) – – Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data. 17 Table 12. Movement of work: Nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private nonfarm sector, 2006 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Census region and division Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown United States1 ...................................................... 252 2,908 55,751 524,963 47,206 598,320 Northeast ........................................................................ 46 600 8,934 91,683 5,984 123,113 New England .............................................................. Middle Atlantic ............................................................ 13 33 88 512 3,111 5,823 18,335 73,348 2,192 3,792 13,592 109,521 South .............................................................................. 82 747 18,965 144,395 14,564 140,021 South Atlantic ............................................................. East South Central ..................................................... West South Central .................................................... 43 32 7 505 117 125 9,554 6,767 2,644 103,800 17,980 22,615 8,975 4,200 1,389 98,582 16,139 25,300 Midwest .......................................................................... 78 679 17,315 155,266 18,834 190,132 East North Central ...................................................... West North Central ..................................................... 54 24 599 80 10,959 6,356 143,224 12,042 9,476 9,358 178,249 11,883 West ............................................................................... 46 882 10,537 133,619 7,824 145,054 Mountain .................................................................... Pacific ......................................................................... 7 39 56 826 758 9,779 11,154 122,465 656 7,168 8,109 136,945 1 See footnote 1, table 1. NOTE: The States (and the District of Columbia) that make up the census divisions are: New England–Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic–New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic–Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central–Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central–Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central–Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central–Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain–Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific–Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 18 Table 13. Movement of work: Nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2006 Initial claims for unemployment insurance Characteristic Total, private nonfarm1 ……………… Final payments for unemployment insurance Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown 47,206 598,320 12,231 77,423 25.9 12.9 6,495 16,819 14,091 9,334 467 104,348 213,050 168,425 101,023 11,474 1,419 4,114 3,722 2,898 78 12,970 26,417 20,981 15,899 1,156 21.8 24.5 26.4 31.0 16.7 12.4 12.4 12.5 15.7 10.1 25,704 21,422 80 381,816 213,194 3,310 5,712 6,507 12 41,013 36,215 195 22.2 30.4 15.0 10.7 17.0 5.9 27,325 8,077 4,879 226 1,369 5,330 345,006 102,034 82,997 3,685 13,408 51,190 6,418 2,713 1,725 49 338 988 39,141 16,143 12,349 502 2,165 7,123 23.5 33.6 35.4 21.7 24.7 18.5 11.3 15.8 14.9 13.6 16.1 13.9 Age Under 30 years of age …………………… 30-44 ……………………………………… 45-54 ……………………………………… 55 years of age or over ………………… Not available ……………………………… Gender Male………………………………………… Female…………………………………… Not available ……………………………… Race/ethnicity White……………………………………… Black ……………………………………… Hispanic origin …………………………… American Indian or Alaska Native ……… Asian or Pacific Islander ………………… Not available ……………………………… 1 See footnote 1, table 1. Table 14. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2005–06 Layoff events Action Separations 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total private nonfarm ………………………………………… 4,881 Total, excluding seasonal and vacation events2………… 2,976 4,885 884,661 935,805 3,160 513,675 580,714 Total, movement of work3 ……………………………… 277 252 53,649 55,751 Movement of work actions………………………… 363 349 4 ( ) ( 4) With separations reported……………………… 259 232 34,194 34,036 With separations unknown……………………… 104 117 4 ( ) ( 4) 1 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 The questions on movement of work were not asked of employers when the reason for layoff was either seasonal work or vacation period. 3 Movement of work can involve more than one action. 4 Data are not available. 19 Table 15. Movement of work actions by type of separation where number of separations is known by employers, 2005–06 1 Separations Actions Activities 2005 2006 2005 2006 259 232 34,194 34,036 Out-of-country relocations……………………………........ Within company…………………………………..……… Different company…………..................………………… 91 68 23 84 71 13 12,030 9,438 2,592 13,367 11,776 1,591 Domestic relocations………......................………………… Within company…………………………………….…… Different company……………………………….……… 164 132 32 148 125 23 21,470 17,135 4,335 20,669 18,210 2,459 4 – 694 – 204 132 68 4 196 125 71 – 27,267 17,135 9,438 694 29,986 18,210 11,776 – 55 32 23 – 36 23 13 – 6,927 4,335 2,592 – 4,050 2,459 1,591 – With separations reported2…………………………………. By location Unable to assign place of relocation……………………… By company Within company………………............................………… Domestic……………………..............................……… Out of country……………….........................…………… Unable to assign………………………………………… Different company………………………………………..... Domestic…………………………………………………. Out of country……………………………………………. Unable to assign………………………………………… 1 Only actions for which separations associated with the movement of work were reported are shown. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 16. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2005–06 Layoff events Number of workers Separations Percent1 Number 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total, private nonfarm2…… 4,881 4,885 100.0 100.0 884,661 50-99…………………………… 100-149………………………… 150-199………………………… 200-299………………………… 300-499………………………… 500-999………………………… 1,000 or more………………… 1,935 1,153 576 603 351 193 70 2,008 1,172 527 557 355 170 96 39.6 23.6 11.8 12.4 7.2 4.0 1.4 41.1 24.0 10.8 11.4 7.3 3.5 2.0 139,225 135,645 96,230 139,686 126,980 127,565 119,330 1 Due to rounding, sums of individual percentages may not equal 100.0 percent. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 20 Percent1 Number 2005 2006 2005 2006 935,805 100.0 100.0 143,729 137,196 88,202 129,388 130,921 114,871 191,498 15.7 15.3 10.9 15.8 14.4 14.4 13.5 15.4 14.7 9.4 13.8 14.0 12.3 20.5 Table 17. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm sector, 1999–2006 Average number of separations Measure 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 198 200 207 201 197 198 181 192 Industry Mining …………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………… Manufacturing …………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ……………………… Information ……………………………………………… 181 176 148 205 158 341 214 285 126 140 147 200 165 320 183 194 215 202 144 192 161 289 297 186 149 178 140 191 161 329 243 196 158 135 140 183 181 308 250 259 153 228 137 173 169 418 213 215 134 140 127 173 131 237 225 202 173 154 119 200 166 320 223 168 Finance and insurance ………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing …………………… Professional and technical services ………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………… Administrative and waste services …………………… Educational services …………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………… Accommodation and food services …………………… Other services, except public administration ………… Unclassified establishments …………………………… 197 118 208 210 190 161 155 260 177 144 109 276 128 188 247 213 99 189 315 247 141 167 190 230 199 209 283 110 137 316 217 138 206 193 173 224 248 221 114 136 372 206 159 163 193 166 194 195 222 182 137 275 215 132 161 216 299 220 176 208 89 156 273 219 169 125 172 140 268 156 185 238 140 386 210 145 200 193 102 286 143 192 102 130 331 235 132 – Business demand ..................................................... Contract cancellation ............................................. Contract completion .............................................. Domestic competition ............................................ Excess inventory/saturated market ....................... Import competition ................................................. Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal business slowdown ......................................... 166 156 176 173 159 189 174 177 186 172 190 180 168 297 170 181 166 220 154 161 168 144 152 138 ( 5) 5 ( ) 276 ( 5) 5 ( ) 213 ( 5) 5 ( ) 213 ( 5) 5 ( ) 207 ( 5) 5 ( ) 214 ( 5) 5 ( ) 158 ( 5) 5 ( ) 198 ( 5) 5 ( ) 163 136 157 167 163 143 132 131 152 Organizational changes ........................................... Business-ownership change ................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company ......... 236 304 207 252 270 247 220 267 207 204 230 198 209 271 198 200 238 191 188 222 179 251 336 229 Financial issues ........................................................ Bankruptcy ............................................................ Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ....... Financial difficulty .................................................. 324 464 257 355 303 470 270 359 261 341 205 224 207 238 228 283 5 ( ) 248 5 ( ) 205 5 ( ) 231 5 ( ) 226 5 ( ) 217 5 ( ) 197 5 ( ) 187 ( 5) 209 Production specific ................................................... Automation/technological advances ...................... Energy related ....................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............. Material or supply shortage ................................... Model changeover ................................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................... Product line discontinued ...................................... 237 93 122 309 374 249 229 127 274 163 171 353 308 321 ( 5) 559 183 267 121 156 ( 5) 631 155 266 163 157 ( 5) 304 99 372 143 248 Disaster/safety ......................................................... Hazardous work environment ............................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ................... Non-natural disaster .............................................. Extreme weather-related event ............................. 138 ( 3) ( 3) 6 ( ) 115 102 163 – Seasonal .................................................................. Seasonal ............................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........ Total, private nonfarm 1 ................................... Reason for layoff2 425 220 – 237 181 246 ( 5) 192 159 283 157 123 ( 3) ( 3) ( 5) 861 121 368 138 177 ( 5) 966 77 269 148 204 ( 5) 344 138 362 133 186 142 131 175 134 155 ( 3) ( 3) 139 120 ( 3) 252 ( 3) 138 ( ) 95 ( 3) ( 3) 6 235 107 ( ) 162 3 ( ) 123 ( 3) ( 3) 3 ( ) 154 123 172 168 309 95 197 198 182 191 192 159 206 207 194 211 212 178 201 202 193 197 199 160 195 197 156 206 209 157 Other/miscellaneous ................................................ Other ..................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal .................................... Data not provided: Does not know ........................ 166 176 170 120 183 167 212 141 199 212 197 159 214 187 276 190 201 175 218 174 213 218 227 178 208 178 238 184 213 194 243 177 Domestic relocation .................................................. Overseas relocation ................................................. 177 167 164 211 185 199 195 251 161 213 ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( ) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 271 181 233 243 186 216 304 185 230 259 189 213 229 183 201 214 181 222 192 178 187 248 185 200 6 3 ( 3) ( 3) ( 5) 629 149 475 183 269 4 Other selected measures Worksite closures……………………………………… Recall expected………………………………………… No recall expected……………………………………… 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 See footnote 1, table 7. 6 quarter of 2001, in order to be able to identify layoffs directly or indirectly 3 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. related to the September 11 attacks. Thus, data for 2001 pertain to the 4 Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer third and fourth quarters only. used. For additional information, see the Technical Note. 5 Non-natural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the third NOTE: Dash represents zero. Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data. 21 Table 18. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2005–06 State Layoff events Percent of total Total initial claimants for unemployment insurance Hispanic origin Black Women Persons aged 55 and older 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total, private nonfarm1 ........ 4,881 4,885 834,533 950,157 17.4 15.9 12.9 14.5 42.9 40.4 17.6 18.7 Alabama .................................... Alaska ........................................ Arizona ...................................... Arkansas .................................... California ................................... Colorado .................................... Connecticut ................................ Delaware ................................... District of Columbia ................... Florida ........................................ Georgia ...................................... Hawaii ........................................ Idaho .......................................... 14 21 18 10 430 43 36 2,077 3,572 3,296 1,626 76,766 5,803 6,832 (2) (2) 343 72 13 39 52 27 20 13 941 37 52 3 3 347 86 22 29 (2) (2) 58,252 11,767 1,406 5,093 8,321 4,450 2,661 3,049 165,828 4,911 11,257 3,211 306 60,914 17,218 2,644 3,741 40.2 3.3 2.9 47.7 9.0 3.3 11.4 15.7 35.7 16.1 54.7 1.4 .4 48.4 3.4 4.0 28.2 8.7 4.6 14.2 14.3 49.7 16.9 56.2 3.9 .4 2.1 20.7 43.4 7.0 36.5 32.6 9.3 2.0 19.0 31.6 1.1 16.1 20.8 2.7 17.9 44.3 2.8 35.8 32.1 11.1 1.2 13.7 31.5 1.2 23.1 20.1 41.2 32.6 40.2 64.5 52.5 34.7 53.8 20.4 58.1 47.5 60.5 32.5 46.7 52.7 32.4 58.7 43.3 40.2 39.2 47.6 17.9 64.4 44.2 46.7 27.8 39.5 21.5 17.4 18.4 16.6 17.2 18.4 21.5 15.0 23.3 19.2 17.3 14.7 20.0 18.5 21.4 18.2 18.7 15.5 19.8 20.8 15.7 20.9 19.0 16.0 13.9 23.0 Illinois ......................................... Indiana ....................................... Iowa ........................................... Kansas ....................................... Kentucky .................................... Louisiana ................................... Maine ......................................... Maryland .................................... Massachusetts ........................... Michigan .................................... Minnesota .................................. Mississippi ................................. Missouri ..................................... 455 107 55 32 75 389 21 5 80 295 155 63 93 408 98 27 29 74 48 20 73 82 292 143 21 94 84,289 21,550 10,348 4,379 8,857 49,949 3,180 493 13,224 57,223 23,886 11,028 17,044 77,594 18,707 7,359 3,925 8,576 6,816 3,320 9,288 12,326 111,555 20,750 2,461 16,386 21.8 10.1 1.8 11.0 11.7 58.7 1.8 37.3 9.2 14.5 4.1 46.3 18.2 20.9 8.8 1.9 11.8 7.4 56.1 1.1 50.2 10.8 22.7 4.2 62.2 19.0 13.9 3.3 3.0 3.3 .2 4.0 .3 2.2 3.3 4.6 7.8 8.5 .5 14.9 4.4 2.6 4.2 .3 2.3 .3 .6 3.7 3.5 7.4 2.0 .5 39.5 31.3 30.1 41.3 38.7 58.3 41.4 48.9 45.3 36.8 24.7 57.1 47.2 39.8 28.8 36.0 43.0 42.5 50.4 38.8 52.9 47.5 32.6 22.0 57.9 50.0 15.1 15.0 16.6 19.8 16.5 11.1 17.6 24.7 20.8 14.3 17.0 15.6 23.8 16.2 13.6 16.7 20.5 16.3 16.2 20.1 20.7 22.2 17.8 17.4 15.0 21.3 Montana ..................................... Nebraska ................................... Nevada ...................................... New Hampshire ......................... New Jersey ................................ New Mexico ............................... New York ................................... North Carolina ........................... North Dakota ............................. Ohio ........................................... Oklahoma .................................. Oregon ....................................... Pennsylvania ............................. 22 23 12 14 163 10 443 76 7 306 11 49 279 22 13 11 17 163 18 404 58 6 234 13 61 301 2,010 2,283 1,378 2,094 28,075 1,210 75,311 15,210 1,072 44,826 1,811 11,457 55,027 2,777 1,491 2,876 1,928 30,517 2,327 79,472 9,053 1,144 45,890 2,585 13,485 68,968 .3 7.6 15.9 1.2 18.4 1.2 10.7 38.4 .2 11.8 11.4 1.4 9.0 .1 11.9 16.2 3.9 19.4 3.1 11.9 37.7 – 13.3 17.0 1.3 8.4 3.5 11.6 16.5 13.0 11.0 61.6 8.7 4.0 2.9 2.2 9.2 22.2 2.9 2.0 14.2 20.1 2.9 10.7 51.4 8.8 5.3 2.3 2.9 6.3 21.0 3.0 28.4 33.3 48.8 39.6 55.3 39.5 33.5 51.5 7.7 32.8 29.8 57.6 42.6 17.0 45.1 54.9 47.3 62.3 42.9 42.3 47.5 7.4 30.6 33.6 49.2 42.2 20.9 20.8 27.0 20.0 29.3 16.4 18.1 21.2 18.0 14.7 20.5 22.4 22.1 21.7 19.5 29.3 27.0 29.8 14.4 21.5 23.1 18.5 17.0 14.0 21.7 23.7 Rhode Island ............................. South Carolina ........................... South Dakota ............................. Tennessee ................................. Texas ......................................... Utah ........................................... Vermont ..................................... Virginia ....................................... Washington ................................ West Virginia ............................. Wisconsin .................................. Wyoming .................................... 14 39 5 41 110 23 14 66 98 8 174 5 15 41 4 45 95 20 14 52 76 19 138 4 1,520 7,644 344 7,342 22,980 2,901 2,015 13,117 15,296 1,127 34,111 459 1,892 7,674 320 5,800 19,519 2,617 1,845 16,169 11,446 3,046 29,331 411 1.5 58.7 2.0 21.4 19.0 2.0 .5 42.7 5.3 1.0 4.7 .4 4.0 58.9 .9 18.7 19.5 1.3 .5 36.8 5.7 .8 4.4 .5 20.4 .5 1.5 – 39.3 18.5 .2 1.7 20.2 – 9.9 4.1 11.1 .3 6.9 .1 41.1 12.1 .2 2.4 18.2 – 9.8 1.5 42.6 62.1 27.6 52.6 38.8 44.1 38.1 52.9 39.3 24.0 36.5 34.2 66.5 55.9 37.8 48.6 42.4 41.8 33.7 41.6 37.5 29.0 35.3 40.1 19.6 6.6 25.0 26.2 14.2 10.4 19.0 17.4 16.6 15.4 19.3 33.8 29.3 3.2 25.0 30.3 14.0 12.7 19.0 19.8 17.3 21.2 20.6 36.5 Puerto Rico ................................ 52 51 13,562 15,259 59.0 58.8 7.5 9.8 (3) (3) (3) (3) 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 3 2 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 22 Data are not available. Table 19. Claimant race and ethnicity: Percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2005–06 1 Percent of total race/ethnicity Measure White Hispanic origin Black American Indian or Alaska Native Asian or Pacific Islander 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 59.0 58.5 17.4 15.9 12.9 Mining ……………………………………………………… Utilities ……………………………………………………… Construction ……………………………………………… Manufacturing …………………………………………… Wholesale trade …………………………………………… Retail trade ………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ……………………… Information ………………………………………………… 78.7 84.9 77.4 62.5 56.0 54.2 57.7 58.7 75.6 85.2 70.0 61.1 47.2 51.4 59.3 60.5 3.4 7.8 5.9 13.0 12.8 24.3 22.4 16.6 4.0 5.6 5.0 17.4 13.4 19.1 20.3 14.1 Finance and insurance …………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………… Professional and technical services …………………… Management of companies and enterprises …………… Administrative and waste services ……………………… Educational services ……………………………………… Health care and social assistance ……………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………… Accommodation and food services …………………… Other services, except public administration ………… Unclassified establishments …………………………… 48.8 41.5 63.5 57.8 45.8 41.6 38.7 59.2 46.6 47.5 19.4 45.8 59.5 63.1 53.6 45.9 48.0 42.1 63.5 53.1 47.0 – 22.8 20.1 12.7 14.6 22.2 39.5 32.3 19.4 30.3 31.0 58.3 Business demand ........................................................ Contract cancellation ................................................ Contract completion ................................................. Domestic competition ............................................... Excess inventory/saturated market .......................... Import competition .................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal business slowdown ............................................ 62.4 46.3 58.0 59.6 42.3 55.3 14.0 21.4 13.6 69.4 66.2 12.9 16.8 6.6 6.9 .4 .4 1.6 1.4 Organizational changes .............................................. Business-ownership change .................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company ............ 56.9 54.1 57.5 54.9 46.2 56.8 19.3 14.8 20.3 20.3 19.8 20.4 10.9 15.2 9.9 11.2 17.1 9.9 .4 .4 .4 .5 .5 .5 3.3 5.1 3.0 3.5 5.0 3.2 Financial issues ........................................................... Bankruptcy ............................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .......... Financial difficulty ..................................................... 62.0 60.9 56.2 53.0 16.1 18.3 20.8 19.5 10.0 10.1 12.6 14.9 .4 .5 .5 .1 ( ) 57.0 ( ) 14.6 ( ) 21.2 ( ) 9.9 ( ) 12.0 ( ) .4 ( ) .5 4 2.6 1.8 ( ) 62.8 4 2.8 2.3 ( ) 3.1 ( ) 2.8 Production specific ...................................................... Automation/technological advances ......................... Energy related .......................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention .................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................ Material or supply shortage ...................................... Model changeover .................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................... Product line discontinued ......................................... 63.8 51.3 46.8 60.8 38.6 46.2 16.2 17.6 10.9 18.3 31.4 14.5 8.0 14.7 24.0 7.7 10.0 25.6 (4) 4.6 4.9 10.3 7.5 10.7 .8 .5 .2 (4) .5 2.1 .9 .5 1.1 .9 .5 .9 (4) .4 .9 1.4 1.5 1.3 2.7 1.5 1.5 (4) 1.5 14.9 .4 3.9 3.5 3.3 1.9 1.7 (4) 2.3 3.5 2.5 .9 5.8 Disaster/safety ............................................................ Hazardous work environment .................................. Natural disaster (not weather related) ...................... Non-natural disaster ................................................. Extreme weather-related event ................................ 33.1 30.8 47.2 73.0 32.9 60.5 33.0 80.3 49.7 63.5 51.8 65.9 39.6 8.1 52.0 15.1 37.2 4.7 40.5 7.4 6.4 0.3 11.9 5.2 6.4 15.9 25.5 4.1 0.8 20.7 .5 2.0 1.1 – .5 1.6 – – 4.0 1.3 2.4 1.0 – .4 2.4 1.1 .6 .5 .6 1.4 Seasonal ..................................................................... Seasonal .................................................................. Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........... 61.6 62.3 47.0 60.3 60.7 53.7 13.6 13.3 19.9 13.6 13.4 16.0 15.8 15.4 24.3 16.3 16.1 20.1 .6 .6 .7 .7 .7 .7 1.8 1.8 1.5 2.0 2.1 1.3 Other/miscellaneous ................................................... Other ........................................................................ Data not provided: Refusal ....................................... Data not provided: Does not know ........................... 54.3 45.3 53.3 67.7 54.0 42.8 55.0 60.9 18.9 19.2 21.4 11.7 19.9 18.1 20.2 20.6 12.6 17.4 11.4 10.4 12.8 19.1 11.7 10.4 .6 .7 .8 .3 .7 1.0 .7 .5 3.9 4.7 3.2 4.7 3.1 5.0 2.7 2.6 Total, private nonfarm2 ..................................... 2005 2006 2005 2006 14.5 .6 .6 2.2 2.2 12.4 2.5 9.4 13.8 18.3 12.3 9.1 7.9 8.7 5.1 17.6 11.3 27.1 17.9 9.2 9.9 .9 .5 .8 .5 .4 .6 .5 .4 3.0 .2 .9 .6 .6 .6 .4 .5 .7 .3 .5 3.0 2.6 1.9 1.9 3.6 .3 .4 .8 2.6 3.0 2.2 1.3 2.4 15.9 10.3 12.1 18.5 19.7 27.8 23.3 12.5 22.0 31.0 – 11.2 15.6 9.2 13.7 21.4 5.9 19.1 8.6 10.2 12.0 – 17.3 17.2 9.8 16.5 22.9 8.1 23.9 10.0 10.7 12.1 – .4 .3 .4 .3 .4 .7 .5 .5 .6 1.1 22.2 .5 .5 .4 1.2 .4 1.1 .6 .6 .4 1.6 – 4.2 1.0 2.6 7.3 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.7 1.9 – 6.6 3.1 3.1 6.3 1.9 2.3 1.6 1.4 2.8 1.5 – 14.6 24.3 11.4 12.5 18.3 17.1 15.2 21.4 22.2 .6 .6 .7 .6 1.5 .7 1.6 2.9 1.6 1.5 2.2 1.6 Industry Reason for layoff3 1 (4) (4) 62.9 4 (4) 69.4 54.9 74.8 58.8 57.2 (4) (4) 60.5 4 (4) 79.1 39.9 52.2 69.0 51.6 (4) (4) 22.4 4 (4) 8.2 7.4 20.2 23.3 23.4 (4) (4) 29.5 4 (4) 7.8 42.3 30.7 17.2 15.4 33 Due sums percentages within Dueto to some some nonreporting, nonreporting, sums of of percentages within race/ethnicity may not equal (4) (4) 7.7 4 (4) 8.4 4.6 2.9 5.4 9.1 (4) (4) 4.5 4 (4) (4) 1.3 4 (4) (4) .5 (4) (4) 1.0 Seefootnote footnote table See 1, 1, table 7. 7. Use reason begins withwith the first 2007 data. Useofofthis this reason begins the quarter first quarter 2007 data. NOTE: Dash Dash represents NOTE: representszero. zero. 1 44 100.0 percent. may not equal 100.0 percent. race/ethnicity 2 2 See footnote 1, table 1. See footnote 1, table 1. 23 (4) (4) 1.0 4 Table 20. Claimant age and gender: Percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2005–06 Percent of total by age1 Measure Less than 30 years 30-44 Percent of total by gender1 45-54 55 or older Men Women 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 17.8 17.4 35.8 34.8 26.6 27.5 17.6 18.7 56.7 59.1 42.9 40.4 Mining …………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………… Information ……………………………………………… Finance and insurance ………………………………… 15.6 12.1 16.5 11.8 11.3 33.2 13.1 18.7 20.4 16.1 14.6 18.3 11.0 15.5 35.4 12.4 17.5 28.1 36.2 33.6 40.8 35.5 34.1 29.9 35.7 42.0 38.8 34.6 33.4 39.9 34.9 34.6 29.2 32.6 39.9 36.3 30.2 35.1 28.1 31.4 30.9 19.4 27.2 23.6 22.2 31.7 32.7 27.9 32.8 29.2 19.0 25.0 25.2 19.5 17.0 18.8 13.0 19.4 22.1 15.1 22.6 14.0 17.3 17.1 19.1 13.1 19.6 19.9 15.2 28.6 16.3 15.1 93.7 84.6 93.6 60.5 59.7 40.8 47.5 48.0 34.5 93.8 84.6 93.2 64.9 53.8 39.1 44.9 55.1 35.9 6.1 15.4 5.9 38.9 40.2 59.1 52.2 51.9 65.4 6.0 15.2 6.4 34.6 46.1 60.8 54.8 44.7 63.3 Real estate and rental and leasing …………………… Professional and technical services ………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……… Administrative and waste services …………………… Educational services …………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………… Accommodation and food services ………………… Other services, except public administration ……… Unclassified establishments ………………………… 16.5 14.5 11.9 24.3 16.4 16.8 22.9 22.0 17.6 27.8 22.0 14.7 15.9 24.4 23.0 15.2 22.7 15.4 14.9 – 37.0 32.1 42.3 36.4 36.0 38.9 28.1 31.2 37.6 39.4 43.0 30.5 36.2 35.2 35.4 39.4 27.5 29.8 37.3 – 22.2 23.8 30.1 23.0 24.0 24.9 20.0 23.7 24.9 22.8 22.6 23.2 27.8 23.6 20.0 26.4 20.8 27.7 26.7 – 15.1 26.8 15.6 14.3 15.2 15.8 23.0 19.3 15.8 10.0 12.2 29.5 19.9 15.0 15.4 17.4 25.9 23.9 19.2 – 69.6 42.6 44.8 55.5 29.4 11.0 52.3 34.4 35.1 52.2 45.5 40.3 51.8 58.1 37.8 11.1 54.6 31.7 30.8 – 29.2 57.1 55.2 43.7 70.4 89.0 47.3 65.3 64.3 47.8 54.3 59.4 48.2 40.9 62.1 88.7 45.0 68.1 69.1 – Business demand .................................................... Contract cancellation ............................................ Contract completion ............................................. Domestic competition ........................................... Excess inventory/saturated market ...................... Import competition ................................................ Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasona business slowdown ........................................ 16.8 20.6 19.0 17.2 19.1 20.3 37.3 39.3 38.1 36.7 34.4 37.9 27.8 24.9 26.1 28.6 25.3 26.2 16.1 14.6 14.7 16.1 15.5 14.2 65.3 56.9 69.7 69.0 55.5 74.2 33.9 42.7 29.5 30.1 44.3 25.1 (4) (4) 9.6 (4) (4) 10.4 (4) (4) 33.8 (4) (4) 34.0 (4) (4) 32.5 (4) (4) 30.4 (4) (4) 24.1 (4) (4) 23.9 (4) (4) 50.2 (4) (4) 53.5 (4) (4) 48.8 (4) (4) 46.2 14.4 13.7 36.3 35.6 29.8 31.9 17.2 17.9 61.9 64.8 37.1 34.2 Organizational changes ........................................... Business-ownership change ................................ Reorganization or restructuring of company ........ 15.7 14.6 16.0 16.5 21.8 15.4 36.7 36.6 36.7 34.0 32.2 34.4 28.1 27.1 28.3 29.5 25.0 30.5 19.1 21.1 18.6 19.3 20.2 19.1 50.1 47.5 50.7 53.7 42.5 56.2 49.7 52.4 49.1 46.1 57.3 43.6 Financial issues ....................................................... Bankruptcy ........................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ...... Financial difficulty ................................................. 15.6 17.0 17.7 15.6 34.1 32.7 36.6 33.5 29.8 29.3 26.9 31.3 19.9 19.8 16.7 19.2 54.5 57.0 57.9 54.3 44.9 42.0 42.0 45.3 (4) 14.7 (4) 18.3 (4) 35.1 (4) 37.4 (4) 30.2 (4) 25.8 (4) 19.9 (4) 16.1 (4) 52.7 (4) 58.8 (4) 47.0 (4) 41.1 Production specific .................................................. Automation/technological advances ..................... Energy related ...................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............ Material or supply shortage .................................. Model changeover ................................................ Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................... Product line discontinued ..................................... 11.5 25.8 12.1 12.0 17.8 7.7 35.2 35.1 33.4 32.5 33.7 19.7 32.7 24.3 30.1 32.9 26.7 28.2 16.7 14.7 22.3 19.5 21.8 43.6 69.4 36.8 72.7 67.0 47.4 75.2 30.4 63.2 27.3 32.7 52.6 24.8 (4) 5.9 7.4 6.4 24.0 16.1 (4) 8.6 27.8 5.5 13.3 12.1 (4) 34.6 27.7 39.2 37.9 34.5 (4) 33.4 36.2 23.3 29.0 35.1 (4) 40.9 18.8 27.5 26.0 29.8 (4) 38.3 23.3 36.8 31.6 29.8 (4) 17.6 7.8 13.8 10.9 19.3 (4) 19.7 12.4 22.9 19.5 19.6 (4) 83.8 54.2 71.2 64.7 57.3 (4) 78.9 53.1 71.4 72.1 57.8 (4) 16.1 45.1 28.8 35.2 42.0 (4) 20.8 46.9 28.6 27.0 42.0 Disaster/safety ......................................................... Hazardous work environment ............................... Natural disaster (not weather related) .................. Non-natural disaster ............................................. Extreme weather-related event ............................ 29.0 1.5 30.2 54.0 29.1 16.2 24.4 15.7 8.3 17.8 32.5 1.5 34.0 27.4 32.7 33.6 47.0 30.8 12.3 38.6 19.0 1.5 19.5 8.1 19.2 25.6 18.2 26.9 13.6 29.4 11.5 0.3 16.1 10.1 11.6 13.0 10.2 23.2 8.8 13.1 45.4 47.2 68.0 48.4 45.2 75.0 43.8 49.8 51.2 87.6 54.6 52.8 32.0 51.6 54.8 24.8 55.9 50.2 48.8 12.2 Seasonal ................................................................. Seasonal .............................................................. Vacation period–school related or otherwise ....... 18.2 18.5 12.3 17.9 18.2 11.8 35.1 35.0 37.3 33.1 32.9 37.4 25.8 25.8 26.0 25.9 25.7 27.9 19.4 19.4 18.8 22.1 22.1 21.5 53.9 55.8 16.2 50.7 52.5 21.0 45.9 44.0 83.8 49.1 47.2 79.0 Other/miscellaneous ................................................ Other .................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ................................... Data not provided: Does not know ....................... 16.8 12.3 19.8 13.8 19.5 21.9 19.7 16.8 35.4 32.7 35.8 37.4 34.3 31.4 34.6 35.8 25.3 26.9 23.4 28.7 24.0 25.4 23.0 25.5 16.8 21.4 13.9 19.7 17.3 19.9 16.6 16.9 51.0 50.8 51.4 50.4 54.9 53.1 54.0 58.5 48.6 48.0 48.5 49.6 45.0 46.7 45.9 41.4 Total, private nonfarm2 ................................. Industry Reason for layoff3 3See footnote 1, table 7. See footnote 1, table 7. Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data. Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data NOTE: Dash represents zero. 3 Duetotosome somenonreporting, nonreporting, sums sums of of percentages percentages within Due within age age and and gender may not 1 1 4 equal 100.0 percent. gender may not equal 100.0 percent. 2 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 4 See footnote 1, table 1. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 24 Table 21. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by State, private nonfarm sector, 2006 Continued claims without earnings1 State Initial claims for unemployment insurance Final payments for unemployment insurance 1 Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments Number Average number filed per initial claimant 950,157 1,772,997 1.9 121,632 12.8 Alabama……………………………………………………… Alaska………………………………………………………… Arizona……………………………………………………… Arkansas……………………………………………………… California……………………………………………………… Colorado……………………………………………………… Connecticut…………………………………………………… Delaware……………………………………………………… District of Columbia………………………………………… Florida………………………………………………………… Georgia……………………………………………………… Hawaii………………………………………………………… Idaho………………………………………………………… 8,321 4,450 2,661 3,049 165,828 4,911 11,257 3,211 306 60,914 17,218 2,644 3,741 22,778 3,757 4,533 2,561 315,202 10,786 24,454 3,190 492 133,321 34,396 2,568 3,395 2.7 .8 1.7 .8 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.0 1.6 2.2 2.0 1.0 .9 1,321 27 392 81 24,669 499 1,734 6 20 13,860 3,602 199 328 15.9 .6 14.7 2.7 14.9 10.2 15.4 .2 6.5 22.8 20.9 7.5 8.8 Illinois………………………………………………………… Indiana………………………………………………………… Iowa…………………………………………………………… Kansas……………………………………………………… Kentucky……………………………………………………… Louisiana……………………………………………………… Maine………………………………………………………… Maryland……………………………………………………… Massachusetts……………………………………………… Michigan……………………………………………………… Minnesota…………………………………………………… Mississippi…………………………………………………… Missouri……………………………………………………… 77,594 18,707 7,359 3,925 8,576 6,816 3,320 9,288 12,326 111,555 20,750 2,461 16,386 178,874 35,561 7,447 8,790 2,916 10,039 5,455 16,369 21,336 172,783 42,292 5,928 31,886 2.3 1.9 1.0 2.2 .3 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.4 1.9 9,578 2,569 257 563 1,417 613 732 1,022 1,821 10,508 2,141 441 1,118 12.3 13.7 3.5 14.3 16.5 9.0 22.0 11.0 14.8 9.4 10.3 17.9 6.8 Montana……………………………………………………… Nebraska……………………………………………………… Nevada ........................................................................... New Hampshire ............................................................. New Jersey .................................................................... New Mexico ................................................................... New York…………………………………………………… North Carolina……………………………………………… North Dakota………………………………………………… Ohio…………………………………………………………… Oklahoma…………………………………………………… Oregon……………………………………………………… Pennsylvania………………………………………………… 2,777 1,491 2,876 1,928 30,517 2,327 79,472 9,053 1,144 45,890 2,585 13,485 68,968 2,316 2,527 6,113 2,586 70,624 6,218 153,149 23,469 2,763 105,491 6,741 18,828 91,818 .8 1.7 2.1 1.3 2.3 2.7 1.9 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.6 1.4 1.3 192 317 299 53 4,200 87 9,238 2,626 295 6,078 438 1,021 4,720 6.9 21.3 10.4 2.7 13.8 3.7 11.6 29.0 25.8 13.2 16.9 7.6 6.8 Rhode Island………………………………………………… South Carolina……………………………………………… South Dakota………………………………………………… Tennessee…………………………………………………… Texas………………………………………………………… Utah…………………………………………………………… Vermont ……………………………………………………… Virginia……………………………………………………… Washington…………………………………………………… West Virginia………………………………………………… Wisconsin…………………………………………………… Wyoming……………………………………………………… 1,892 7,674 320 5,800 19,519 2,617 1,845 16,169 11,446 3,046 29,331 411 4,560 14,732 628 19,368 34,042 3,322 2,995 23,717 23,165 7,969 44,023 724 2.4 1.9 2.0 3.3 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.5 2.0 2.6 1.5 1.8 188 1,084 34 1,894 2,883 138 238 1,743 1,111 183 2,924 130 9.9 14.1 10.6 32.7 14.8 5.3 12.9 10.8 9.7 6.0 10.0 31.6 Puerto Rico…………………………………………………… 15,259 23,088 1.5 964 6.3 Total, private nonfarm2……………………………… Number claims with earnings are excluded because such individuals are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for additional information.) 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 1 The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued 25 Table 22. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006 Continued claims without earnings1 Measure Total, private nonfarm2…………………………………… Initial claims for unemployment insurance Number Final payments for unemployment insurance1 Average number filed per initial claimant Number Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments 950,157 1,772,997 1.9 121,632 12.8 Mining …………………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………………… Manufacturing …………………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ……………………………… Information ……………………………………………………… 6,122 1,735 157,635 328,571 10,783 86,447 62,142 23,736 12,337 2,930 270,395 551,988 23,217 175,841 104,032 51,788 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.7 2.2 486 198 10,945 40,095 1,859 16,087 4,997 4,301 7.9 11.4 6.9 12.2 17.2 18.6 8.0 18.1 Finance and insurance ………………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………… Professional and technical services ………………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………………… Administrative and waste services …………………………… Educational services …………………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………………… Accommodation and food services …………………………… Other services, except public administration ………………… Unclassified establishments …………………………………… 28,446 1,500 35,728 2,530 91,729 2,661 25,180 15,645 59,311 10,256 – 81,202 3,683 76,994 5,585 184,668 6,858 57,766 31,555 110,050 22,108 – 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.2 – 6,103 249 9,383 347 15,573 564 2,662 2,028 4,695 1,060 – 21.5 16.6 26.3 13.7 17.0 21.2 10.6 13.0 7.9 10.3 – Business demand ................................................................ Contract cancellation ........................................................ Contract completion .......................................................... Domestic competition ....................................................... Excess inventory/saturated market .................................. Import competition ............................................................ Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal business slowdown ..................................................... 350,964 10,355 183,684 556,293 28,259 309,947 1.6 2.7 1.7 39,015 2,707 22,958 11.1 26.1 12.5 (4) (4) 11,737 (4) (4) 29,947 (4) (4) 2.6 (4) (4) 3,120 (4) (4) 26.6 145,188 188,140 1.3 10,230 7.0 Organizational changes ....................................................... Business-ownership change ............................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company ..................... 147,655 26,403 121,252 352,721 78,600 274,121 2.4 3.0 2.3 28,050 7,109 20,941 19.0 26.9 17.3 Financial issues ................................................................... Bankruptcy ........................................................................ Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .................. Financial difficulty ............................................................. 37,069 7,577 87,478 19,614 2.4 2.6 6,651 1,535 17.9 20.3 (4) 29,492 (4) 67,864 (4) 2.3 (4) 5,116 (4) 17.3 Production specific .............................................................. Automation/technological advances ................................. Energy related .................................................................. Governmental regulations/intervention ............................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ........................ Material or supply shortage .............................................. Model changeover ............................................................ Plant or machine repair/maintenance ............................... Product line discontinued ................................................. 21,204 44,220 (5) (5) (4) 19,892 2,439 1,211 2,311 14,392 2.1 3.4 2.5 3,723 (5) (5) (4) 7,363 2,146 2,576 1,757 6,170 17.6 30.1 1.7 Disaster/safety ..................................................................... Hazardous work environment ........................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) .............................. Non-natural disaster ......................................................... Extreme weather-related event ........................................ 7,838 479 655 1,449 5,255 Seasonal .............................................................................. Seasonal ........................................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise .................... Industry Reason for layoff3 (4) 2.7 1.1 .5 1.3 2.3 (5) (5) (4) 1,885 212 75 157 1,068 (4) 25.6 9.9 2.9 8.9 17.3 14,202 1,423 1,399 3,959 7,421 1.8 3.0 2.1 2.7 1.4 831 136 103 219 373 10.6 28.4 15.7 15.1 7.1 304,631 287,265 17,366 569,414 539,155 30,259 1.9 1.9 1.7 31,978 31,078 900 10.5 10.8 5.2 Other/miscellaneous ............................................................ Other ................................................................................. Data not provided: Refusal ............................................... Data not provided: Does not know ................................... 80,796 15,375 46,734 18,687 148,669 36,682 85,974 26,013 1.8 2.4 1.8 1.4 11,384 2,972 7,091 1,321 14.1 19.3 15.2 7.1 Other selected measures Worksite closures……………………………………………… Recall expected………………………………………………… No recall expected……………………………………………… 112,064 479,630 359,181 343,339 788,039 793,580 3.1 1.6 2.2 26,605 41,928 65,645 23.7 8.7 18.3 additional information.) 1 TheMass Mass Layoff (MLS)(MLS) program tracks continued 1 The LayoffStatistics Statistics program tracks claim conactivity for initial claimants with extended mass layoffs once a tinued claim activity forassociated initial claimants associated with exmonth during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, tended mass layoffs once a month during the Current Populawhich is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. tion Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week Continued claims with earnings are excluded because such individuals MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for 2 See footnote 1, table 1. additional information.) 3 See footnote table1.7. 2 See footnote 1, 1, table 4 3 of this 1, reason with first quarter 2007 data. SeeUse footnote tablebegins 7. 4 5 do not meetbegins BLS orwith Statefirst agenc disclos standards UseData of this reason quarter 2007redata. 5 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. including the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because such individuals are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information for 26 Table 23. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, 50 highest metropolitan areas, private nonfarm sector, 2006 Continued claims without earnings1 Metropolitan area Initial claims for unemployment insurance Number Final payments for unemployment insurance1 Average number filed per initial claimant Number Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments Total, 369 metropolitan areas2…………………………………… 498,984 954,925 1.9 62,352 12.5 Total, top 50 metropolitan areas3 …………………………..………… 386,964 720,095 1.9 44,892 11.6 Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI ……………………………………..……… Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA ………………………...…… New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA ………...… Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI ………………………...……..…… Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD …………...……… San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA ………………………..………… Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI ………………..………… Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY ………………………………….…………… Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA …………………..…………… Lansing-East Lansing, MI ………………………………..……………… San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA ………………….……………… St. Louis, MO-IL ……………………………………….………………… 54,978 45,789 40,867 32,390 15,243 14,704 9,988 8,782 8,474 7,773 7,723 7,632 76,246 87,157 84,678 80,064 24,046 23,770 20,237 14,565 17,434 9,941 18,175 17,668 1.4 1.9 2.1 2.5 1.6 1.6 2.0 1.7 2.1 1.3 2.4 2.3 3,198 6,530 5,828 4,574 1,159 1,419 621 740 1,324 403 1,372 897 5.8 14.3 14.3 14.1 7.6 9.7 6.2 8.4 15.6 5.2 17.8 11.8 Pittsburgh, PA ………………………………………………….………… Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA …………………………… Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC ………………….…… Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL …………………….…… Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA ………………………..………… San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA ……………………………..…… Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN …………………………………..… Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX ………………………………..…… Modesto, CA ……………………………………………………..……… Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH ……………..……………………… Toledo, OH ……………………………………………………...………… Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX ………………..……………………… Rochester, N.Y. 7,358 6,539 6,507 5,812 5,810 5,717 5,703 5,655 5,496 4,807 4,276 3,908 3,873 11,567 11,952 8,728 17,453 9,008 12,014 20,559 8,399 8,252 9,065 5,782 7,939 7,794 1.6 1.8 1.3 3.0 1.6 2.1 3.6 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.4 2.0 2.0 841 465 262 2,054 851 969 2,066 630 826 614 234 601 468 11.4 7.1 4.0 35.3 14.6 16.9 36.2 11.1 15.0 12.8 5.5 15.4 12.1 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA ……………………………...………...…… Atlantic City, NJ …………………………………………..……………... Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH …………………………...……...……… Indianapolis-Carmel, IN …………………………...…………………… Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA ………………………….……………………… Shreveport-Bossier City, LA ……………………………….…………… Baltimore-Towson, MD ……………………………...…………………… Las Vegas-Paradise, NV …………………………...…………………… Elkhart-Goshen, IN ……………………………..………………………… Stockton, CA ………………………………..…………………………… Flint, MI …………………………………………………..………………… Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA ………………...……………… Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA …………………..………… 3,734 3,542 3,379 3,299 2,925 2,872 2,764 2,695 2,642 2,542 2,470 2,435 2,380 2,772 7,578 9,634 5,682 1,655 1,929 4,848 5,878 3,603 5,397 3,132 5,852 4,671 .7 2.1 2.9 1.7 .6 .7 1.8 2.2 1.4 2.1 1.3 2.4 2.0 150 198 526 421 52 96 213 290 323 392 137 273 250 4.0 5.6 15.6 12.8 1.8 3.3 7.7 10.8 12.2 15.4 5.5 11.2 10.5 Lancaster, PA ………………………………………………..…………… Medford, OR ……………………………………………………..……… Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ ……………………..…………… Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI ………………………………….………… Jacksonville, FL ……………………………………………….………… York-Hanover, PA …………………………………………..…………… Reading, PA ………………………………………………….…………… Fresno, CA ………………………………………………..……………… Evansville, IN-KY …………………………………………………….…… Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL ………………………………..… Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC ……………………………..…… Dayton, OH ……………………………………………………………… 2,270 2,233 2,221 2,141 2,091 1,938 1,901 1,841 1,776 1,735 1,701 1,633 3,025 2,678 2,212 5,340 5,269 3,866 2,186 3,209 3,024 3,076 5,344 5,742 1.3 1.2 1.0 2.5 2.5 2.0 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.8 3.1 3.5 149 164 94 385 401 145 73 249 82 20 358 505 6.6 7.3 4.2 18.0 19.2 7.5 3.8 13.5 4.6 1.2 21.0 30.9 1 The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because such individuals are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for additional information.) 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 3 The 50 highest metropolitan areas in terms of the level of extended mass layoff initial claims activity are shown. NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in U.S. Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 07-01, December 18, 2006. 27 Table 24. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2006 Characteristic Total, private nonfarm2 ……………… Initial claims for unemployment insurance Final payments for unemployment insurance1 950,157 121,632 12.8 165,288 330,816 261,287 177,536 15,230 19,917 39,970 32,141 28,007 1,597 12.0 12.1 12.3 15.8 10.5 562,014 384,063 4,080 60,518 60,840 274 10.8 15.8 6.7 556,029 151,424 137,533 5,930 21,008 78,233 61,149 24,630 21,418 733 3,043 10,659 11.0 16.3 15.6 12.4 14.5 13.6 Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments Age Under 30 years of age …………………… 30-44 ……………………………………… 45-54 ……………………………………… 55 years of age or over ………………… Not available ……………………………… Gender Male………………………………………… Female…………………………………… Not available ……………………………… Race/ethnicity White……………………………………… Black ……………………………………… Hispanic origin …………………………… American Indian or Alaska Native ……… Asian or Pacific Islander ………………… Not available ……………………………… 1 1 Final payment information for Mass Layoff Statistics claimants is collected See footnote 1, the tableTechnical 1. Final payment information for Mass Layoff Statistics claimants is collected2 weekly. (See Note for additional information.) weekly. (See the Technical Note for additional information.) 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 28 Table 25. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2004–06 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Census region and division 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 United States1 ................................. 5,010 4,881 4,885 993,909 884,661 935,805 903,079 834,533 950,157 Northeast .................................................. 1,141 1,064 1,068 187,601 168,088 177,055 218,793 187,278 211,525 New England ......................................... Middle Atlantic ....................................... 225 916 179 885 200 868 37,510 150,091 30,047 138,041 43,262 133,793 37,390 181,403 28,865 158,413 32,568 178,957 South ......................................................... 1,133 1,327 1,043 203,660 230,608 199,759 192,170 215,253 184,006 South Atlantic ........................................ East South Central ................................ West South Central ............................... 731 150 252 614 193 520 682 192 169 140,353 24,817 38,490 115,676 35,129 79,803 136,773 31,831 31,155 123,755 20,249 48,166 109,583 29,304 76,366 126,879 25,158 31,969 Midwest ..................................................... 1,719 1,707 1,486 311,669 309,339 311,687 304,668 301,355 334,452 East North Central ................................ West North Central ............................... 1,365 354 1,337 370 1,170 316 251,907 59,762 246,238 63,101 259,336 52,351 250,899 53,769 241,999 59,356 283,077 51,375 West .......................................................... 1,017 783 1,288 290,979 176,626 247,304 187,448 130,647 220,174 Mountain ............................................... Pacific ................................................... 170 847 172 611 161 1,127 46,073 244,906 51,355 125,271 44,335 202,969 25,901 161,547 22,150 108,497 22,321 197,853 1 See footnote 1, table 1. See footnote 1, table 1. NOTE: States District of Columbia) up census the census NOTE: TheThe States (and(and the the District of Columbia) that that makemake up the divisions divisions are: New England–Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampare: New England–Connecticut, Maine, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode shire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic–New Jersey, and Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic–New Jersey, New York, New and York, Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania; South Atlantic–Delaware, District ofFlorida, Columbia, Florida, Georgia,North South Atlantic–Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Maryland, Carolina, North South Carolina, Carolina, Virginia, and WestVirginia, Virginia; East Central–Alabama, Maryland, South Carolina, and South West Virginia; East 1 29 South Central–Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee; West South Kentucky, Mississippi, Kentucky, and Tennessee; West and South Central–Arkansas, Central–Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas; North Central-Illinois, Louisiana, Oklahoma, andOklahoma, Texas; East North East Central-Illinois, Indiana, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin; NorthCentral-Iowa, Central-Iowa,Kansas, Kansas, Michigan, Ohio, Ohio, and and Wisconsin; WestWest North Minnesota, Missouri, andSouth SouthDakota; Dakota; MountainMinnesota, Missouri,Nebraska, Nebraska, North North Dakota, Dakota, and Mountain Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and and Pacific-Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. andWyoming; Pacific-Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 26. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2004–06 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations State 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 Total, private nonfarm ...................... 5,010 4,881 4,885 993,909 884,661 935,805 903,079 834,533 950,157 Alabama ....................................................... Alaska ........................................................... Arizona ......................................................... Arkansas ....................................................... California ...................................................... Colorado ....................................................... Connecticut ................................................... Delaware ...................................................... District of Columbia ...................................... Florida ........................................................... Georgia ......................................................... Hawaii ........................................................... Idaho ............................................................. 18 28 43 15 641 48 47 7 14 21 18 10 430 43 36 1,639 4,290 5,830 2,067 80,682 24,777 7,796 ( ) (2) 70,295 8,462 1,353 5,537 3,709 3,548 7,059 1,454 129,252 6,752 9,538 2,004 (2) 85,432 18,024 1,918 4,237 9,522 10,875 4,375 3,546 160,807 18,488 18,147 1,781 306 77,660 11,981 2,921 3,745 2,077 3,572 3,296 1,626 76,766 5,803 6,832 ( ) (2) 343 72 13 39 3,588 3,548 8,515 3,205 206,787 18,057 12,294 2,035 (2) 444 83 17 28 52 27 20 13 941 37 52 3 3 347 86 22 29 (2) 75,089 16,439 1,812 4,196 ( ) (2) 58,252 11,767 1,406 5,093 8,321 4,450 2,661 3,049 165,828 4,911 11,257 3,211 306 60,914 17,218 2,644 3,741 Illinois ............................................................ Indiana .......................................................... Iowa .............................................................. Kansas .......................................................... Kentucky ....................................................... Louisiana ...................................................... Maine ............................................................ Maryland ....................................................... Massachusetts .............................................. Michigan ....................................................... Minnesota ..................................................... Mississippi .................................................... Missouri ........................................................ 461 108 62 40 75 68 25 9 95 290 134 17 76 455 107 55 32 75 389 21 5 80 295 155 63 93 408 98 27 29 74 48 20 73 82 292 143 21 94 107,090 21,311 8,693 8,683 11,018 11,093 7,230 1,969 10,007 45,626 20,060 2,589 14,737 101,106 18,373 9,614 5,003 11,038 59,162 6,457 905 10,009 44,490 24,562 14,165 20,045 86,832 17,120 4,130 4,430 9,444 10,812 4,711 8,643 14,612 67,132 20,128 3,680 19,121 88,915 22,617 10,677 5,798 8,367 7,453 4,616 1,547 15,282 57,868 18,838 1,746 13,152 84,289 21,550 10,348 4,379 8,857 49,949 3,180 493 13,224 57,223 23,886 11,028 17,044 77,594 18,707 7,359 3,925 8,576 6,816 3,320 9,288 12,326 111,555 20,750 2,461 16,386 Montana ........................................................ Nebraska ...................................................... Nevada ......................................................... New Hampshire ............................................ New Jersey ................................................... New Mexico .................................................. New York ...................................................... North Carolina .............................................. North Dakota ................................................ Ohio .............................................................. Oklahoma ..................................................... Oregon .......................................................... Pennsylvania ................................................ 13 26 14 19 181 6 416 67 11 288 20 74 319 22 23 12 14 163 10 443 76 7 306 11 49 279 22 13 11 17 163 18 404 58 6 234 13 61 301 1,933 4,790 4,163 2,483 30,968 1,593 75,487 10,511 1,523 41,385 2,276 17,198 43,636 2,789 2,453 1,424 2,116 35,471 1,220 70,565 13,831 1,076 48,553 2,042 20,863 32,005 2,726 2,794 3,261 1,871 39,058 2,317 55,573 6,301 1,290 59,293 1,665 17,195 39,162 1,122 3,289 3,655 2,490 33,841 1,149 75,146 8,420 1,533 41,955 2,780 12,739 72,416 2,010 2,283 1,378 2,094 28,075 1,210 75,311 15,210 1,072 44,826 1,811 11,457 55,027 2,777 1,491 2,876 1,928 30,517 2,327 79,472 9,053 1,144 45,890 2,585 13,485 68,968 Rhode Island ................................................ South Carolina .............................................. South Dakota ................................................ Tennessee .................................................... Texas ............................................................ Utah .............................................................. Vermont ........................................................ Virginia .......................................................... Washington ................................................... West Virginia ................................................ Wisconsin ..................................................... Wyoming ....................................................... 26 35 5 40 149 14 13 65 87 19 218 15 41 4 45 95 20 14 52 76 19 138 4 3,689 5,305 1,276 7,622 21,916 3,885 1,807 12,916 15,455 3,998 36,495 (2) 1,654 6,784 348 8,287 16,532 5,873 2,015 11,685 18,083 1,741 33,716 3,905 1,977 7,455 458 9,185 15,132 5,186 1,944 19,173 11,171 3,473 28,959 4,237 3,680 5,340 482 6,427 36,479 1,450 1,784 11,935 14,196 2,818 39,544 (2) 14 39 5 41 110 23 14 66 98 8 174 5 (2) 1,520 7,644 344 7,342 22,980 2,901 2,015 13,117 15,296 1,127 34,111 459 1,892 7,674 320 5,800 19,519 2,617 1,845 16,169 11,446 3,046 29,331 411 Puerto Rico ................................................... 40 52 51 4,868 6,545 7,551 9,465 13,562 15,259 1 2 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. 30 2 2 Table 27. 50 highest metropolitan areas in 2006: Number of extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector 2005 Metropolitan area Total, 369 metropolitan areas2……………………………………… Total, 50 highest metropolitan areas………………………………… Events Separations 2006 Rank1 Events Separations Rank1 2,912 468,988 … 2,700 452,876 … 2,128 350,694 … 1,887 335,743 … 1 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA ……………………………… 108 16,944 4 260 39,638 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI ……………………………………… 217 41,946 3 197 35,815 2 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA …………… 305 47,597 2 259 33,517 3 Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI ……………………………………………… 122 15,797 5 119 24,815 4 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA ………………………………… 14 1,302 66 45 10,695 5 6 St. Louis, MO-IL …………………………………………………………… 40 11,249 7 36 10,334 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA …………………………………… 36 5,831 13 84 10,305 7 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI …………………………… 77 13,360 6 68 9,644 8 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD …………………… 64 7,627 9 60 9,008 9 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FA ………………………… 46 7,628 8 40 8,465 10 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA ………………………………… 19 6,837 11 61 7,948 11 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC ………………………… 14 2,794 30 12 7,893 12 Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH …………………………………… 40 5,166 14 42 6,686 13 Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA …………………………… 14 2,438 34 40 6,466 14 Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN ……………………………………… 28 4,343 22 20 5,908 15 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA ………………………………… 33 6,440 12 51 5,701 16 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY ………………………………………………… 37 4,860 18 3 1,385 63 35 (3) 5,520 (3) 17 Sandusky, OH ……………………………………………………………… Lansing-East Lansing, MI ………………………………………………… 8 903 89 11 4,697 19 Medford, OR. ……………………………………………………………… 5 4,680 20 5 4,605 20 Pittsburgh, PA ……………………………………………………………… 40 4,377 21 36 4,126 21 Salt Lake City, UT ………………………………………………………… 7 2,890 29 10 3,927 22 Atlantic City, NJ …………………………………………………………… 7 840 98 13 3,918 23 Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA ……………………………… 9 1,978 45 17 3,912 24 Shreveport-Bossier City, LA ……………………………………………… 7 999 79 3 643 120 12 (3) 3,853 (3) 25 Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT ……………………………………… Modesto, CA ……………………………………………………………… 12 2,386 35 21 3,660 27 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH …………………………………………… 31 4,920 15 25 3,347 28 Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX ……………………………………… 44 4,900 16 24 3,324 29 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA …………………………………… 28 3,191 28 29 3,251 30 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX ………………………………………… 16 4,201 23 28 3,093 31 Las Vegas-Paradise, NV ………………………………………………… 8 1,019 78 10 3,080 32 22 (3) 3,601 (3) 27 17 2,871 33 282 25 2,744 34 10 1,747 49 7 2,661 35 Indianapolis-Carmel, IN …………………………………………………… Baltimore-Towson, MD …………………………………………………… Madison, WI ……………………………………………………………… Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV …………………… 18 26 3 850 95 5 2,538 36 2,462 (3) 33 18 2,525 37 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN ……………………… 19 (3) 114 10 2,482 38 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI ……………………………………………… 20 2,505 32 18 2,424 39 Jacksonville, FL …………………………………………………………… 7 944 82 12 2,336 40 Rochester, NY ……………………………………………………………… 17 1,674 52 25 2,289 41 Elkhart-Goshen, IN ………………………………………………………… 5 521 140 13 2,100 42 Fort Smith, AR-OK ………………………………………………………… – – 289 4 2,078 43 Toledo, OH ………………………………………………………………… 17 (3) 1,995 (3) 44 1,990 (3) 44 234 13 (3) 2,351 (3) 36 6 1,840 46 Columbus, GA-AL ………………………………………………………… 13 (3) 236 5 1,816 47 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ …………………………………………… 12 3,678 26 7 1,796 48 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA………………………………… Norwich-New London, CT-RI …………………………………………… Dayton, OH ………………………………………………………………… 45 Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA ……………………………………………… 8 850 96 13 1,788 49 Fresno, CA ………………………………………………………………… 13 2,077 42 14 1,755 50 1 2 3 Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of separations in 2006. See footnote 1, table 1. Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in U.S. Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 07-01, December 18, 2006. Dash represents zero. 31 Table ofof a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector, 1999–2006 Table28. 28.Summary Summaryofofemployer employerexpectations expectations a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector, 1999–2006 Percent of events1 Nature of recall 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 53.0 55.0 39.0 41.4 43.2 51.1 56.2 52.1 83.7 45.4 83.2 45.8 79.6 45.3 79.1 45.9 82.4 47.2 84.2 47.7 87.1 50.1 88.7 53.5 88.9 50.7 89.5 50.5 84.2 40.5 89.8 41.6 87.5 43.7 90.1 47.1 90.6 47.9 92.2 49.4 93.9 94.5 90.1 92.6 94.2 95.1 94.8 93.6 89.8 42.2 88.3 42.1 88.2 40.8 86.7 45.1 87.5 44.5 87.7 43.0 91.5 45.6 91.0 48.2 96.5 58.0 95.8 56.7 95.2 53.8 96.0 54.2 95.2 54.1 96.3 54.7 96.7 55.0 96.8 57.0 Anticipate a recall……………………………………………………… 32.3 33.5 25.3 23.5 23.4 26.6 31.6 29.4 Timeframe Within 6 months………………………………………………………… Within 3 months…………………………………………………… 74.6 50.0 75.4 51.6 71.3 49.5 68.6 47.0 74.4 51.4 77.1 56.9 78.5 58.7 84.7 62.7 Size of recall At least half……………………………………………………………… All workers………………………………………………………… 77.8 40.0 79.8 40.8 73.7 27.8 81.3 24.5 75.5 27.3 77.7 31.9 78.9 34.3 84.3 36.2 ALL LAYOFF EVENTS Anticipate a recall……………………………………………………… Timeframe Within 6 months………………………………………………………… Within 3 months…………………………………………………… Size of recall At least half……………………………………………………………… All workers………………………………………………………… LAYOFF EVENTS DUE TO SEASONAL WORK AND VACATION PERIOD2 Anticipate a recall……………………………………………………… Timeframe Within 6 months………………………………………………………… Within 3 months…………………………………………………… Size of recall At least half……………………………………………………………… All workers………………………………………………………… ALL LAYOFFS EVENTS, EXCLUDING THOSE DUE TO SEASONAL WORK AND VACATION PERIOD2 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 See footnote 1, table 7. 32 Table 29. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 1999–2006 Percent of layoff events Measure 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 53.0 55.0 39.0 41.4 43.2 51.1 56.2 52.1 Mining ………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………… Construction ………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………… Information …………………………………………… Finance and insurance ……………………………… 34.1 55.6 72.7 47.5 36.8 32.5 73.4 25.9 5.4 61.1 31.8 81.6 48.5 35.5 29.1 70.3 26.0 5.3 62.3 26.3 72.6 33.5 18.3 21.2 54.9 8.6 2.8 59.0 31.6 76.5 33.2 32.0 19.4 53.3 10.7 2.0 68.6 27.3 71.9 38.7 26.6 25.7 54.8 9.8 3.4 77.5 46.2 76.7 43.8 36.2 27.6 68.7 12.4 5.1 90.9 53.8 80.2 48.2 44.1 31.3 65.3 17.5 8.2 75.0 72.7 58.9 45.6 36.9 29.1 72.3 26.5 5.0 Real estate and rental and leasing ………………… Professional and technical services ……………… Management of companies and enterprises ……… Administrative and waste services ………………… Educational services ………………………………… Health care and social assistance ………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………… Accommodation and food services ………………… Other services, except public administration ……… Unclassified establishments ………………………… 61.5 50.4 33.3 37.9 55.6 63.3 83.2 70.2 80.5 30.4 41.2 50.8 50.0 52.2 54.5 56.6 81.7 73.5 82.3 32.3 24.2 20.6 37.5 38.8 33.3 68.4 76.2 55.0 72.0 28.9 29.4 30.9 25.0 37.2 57.9 63.1 82.3 62.3 72.5 9.1 13.6 32.7 35.0 31.3 48.1 60.9 68.6 64.8 66.7 57.1 23.1 42.4 23.8 34.7 68.8 69.7 83.3 69.4 64.8 50.0 31.6 46.8 17.5 42.6 50.0 69.1 77.8 65.8 71.3 – 29.4 52.9 33.3 41.1 60.9 79.7 81.5 73.8 81.5 – Business demand ................................................. Contract cancellation ......................................... Contract completion ........................................... 51.8 25.6 46.6 58.7 27.4 57.0 41.4 16.7 52.2 39.4 13.3 53.1 40.9 13.6 41.6 44.3 9.0 38.6 48.9 15.5 42.8 43.5 14.1 36.6 Domestic competition ......................................... (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) Excess inventory/saturated market .................... Import competition ............................................. Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasona business slowdown ...................................... 5 ( ) 5.3 5 ( ) 9.5 5 ( ) 9.2 5 ( ) 9.5 5 ( ) 5.4 5 ( ) 7.8 5 ( ) 5.4 (5) 9.4 69.6 69.8 42.3 36.8 47.8 62.0 64.8 63.0 Organizational changes ........................................ Business-ownership change .............................. Reorganization or restructuring of company ...... 10.9 7.5 12.4 9.2 3.3 11.1 5.7 4.3 6.1 4.3 3.9 4.4 6.5 5.8 6.6 5.7 4.7 6.0 4.5 1.9 5.2 5.0 4.8 5.1 Financial issues .................................................... Bankruptcy ......................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .... Financial difficulty ............................................... 6.6 2.8 5.3 2.6 6.4 2.4 5.5 3.7 5.1 2.3 1.9 – 4.0 2.2 5.0 1.8 5 ( ) 8.6 5 ( ) 6.8 5 ( ) 8.1 5 ( ) 6.3 5 ( ) 6.7 5 ( ) 2.7 5 ( ) 5.2 (5) 6.1 Production specific ................................................ Automation/technological advances .................. Energy related .................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention .............. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ......... Material or supply shortage ................................ Model changeover ............................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................ Product line discontinued ................................... 49.2 20.0 50.0 48.1 – 40.0 42.3 36.4 20.0 40.4 40.0 33.3 48.1 – – 45.1 – – 40.2 33.3 – 44.7 12.5 100.0 (5) 61.5 70.0 80.0 92.3 17.1 (5) 46.4 83.3 77.8 84.2 20.0 (5) 58.3 40.0 53.8 100.0 5.0 (5) 57.1 44.4 40.0 83.3 7.1 (5) 57.9 80.0 66.7 95.8 2.9 (5) 45.2 80.0 77.8 94.7 8.6 (5) 55.6 50.0 71.4 90.0 15.0 (5) 72.2 70.0 66.7 83.3 11.1 Disaster/safety ...................................................... Hazardous work environment ............................ Natural disaster (not weather related) ................ Non-natural disaster ........................................... Extreme weather-related event .......................... 81.8 7.7 – 80.3 28.6 – 66.1 – 75.0 (4) 97.3 (4) 85.9 4 6.7 90.2 82.0 66.7 100.0 37.5 91.9 83.6 60.0 33.3 – 95.8 95.7 50.0 100.0 100.0 96.8 42.9 100.0 50.0 100.0 42.5 80.6 25.0 60.0 60.0 89.6 Seasonal ............................................................... Seasonal ............................................................ Vacation period–school related or otherwise ..... 93.9 93.9 94.2 94.5 94.3 98.7 90.1 89.4 99.2 92.6 92.3 97.5 94.2 93.9 98.1 95.1 95.0 97.3 94.8 94.5 100.0 93.6 93.3 98.2 Other/miscellaneous ............................................. Other .................................................................. Data not provided: Refusal ................................ Data not provided: Does not know ..................... 8.7 20.2 1.0 1.8 9.8 26.8 – 2.7 9.2 15.0 – 1.7 6.7 16.7 – .7 2.3 11.8 – – 5.3 16.8 – – 5.0 17.0 – – 4.8 19.1 – .9 Domestic relocation .............................................. 5.5 – 5.0 4.9 2.0 (3) (3) (3) 1.6 3 3 (3) Total, private nonfarm1……………………… Industry Reason for layoff2 Overseas relocation .............................................. 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 See footnote 1, table 7. – 3 Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer used. For additional information, see the Technical Note. 4 Non-natural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the 2.3 1.3 4.4 ( ) ( ) third quarter of 2001, in order to identify layoffs directly or indirectly related to the September 11 attacks. Thus, data for 2001 pertain to the third and fourth quarters only. 5 Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 33 Table 30. Number of extended mass layoff events and separations from which the employer does not expect a recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006 Measure Events Total, private nonfarm1……………………………………… Separations 1,819 364,520 Mining ………………………………………………………………… Utilities ……………………………………………………………… Construction ………………………………………………………… Manufacturing ……………………………………………………… Wholesale trade …………………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ………………………………… Information …………………………………………………………… Finance and insurance ……………………………………………… 6 3 308 613 42 177 64 64 106 2,074 608 30,389 124,245 6,903 62,857 14,695 11,452 22,188 Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………………… Professional and technical services ……………………………… Management of companies and enterprises …………………… Administrative and waste services ………………………………… Educational services ……………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ………………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………………… Accommodation and food services ……………………………… Other services, except public administration …………………… Unclassified establishments ……………………………………… 10 56 8 246 9 33 18 42 14 – 859 12,534 948 52,922 966 4,654 3,988 10,573 1,665 – Business demand ...................................................................... Contract cancellation .............................................................. Contract completion ............................................................... Domestic competition ............................................................. Excess inventory/saturated market ........................................ Import competition .................................................................. Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal business slowdown .......................................................... 853 59 555 126,272 8,853 80,051 (3) (3) 57 (3) (3) 9,322 182 28,046 Organizational changes ............................................................. Business-ownership change .................................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company .......................... 552 111 441 142,725 39,358 103,367 Financial issues ......................................................................... Bankruptcy ............................................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........................ Financial difficulty ................................................................... 200 51 43,509 15,084 (3) 149 (3) 28,425 Production specific .................................................................... Automation/technological advances ....................................... Energy related ........................................................................ Governmental regulations/intervention ................................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............................. Material or supply shortage .................................................... Model changeover .................................................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance ..................................... Product line discontinued ....................................................... 48 7 – 11,816 998 – (3) (4 ) 3 3 (3) (4 ) 556 1,210 (4 ) 31 (4 ) 8,571 3 3 521 521 (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) Industry Reason for layoff2 Disaster/safety ........................................................................... Hazardous work environment ................................................. Natural disaster (not weather related) .................................... Non-natural disaster ............................................................... Extreme weather-related event .............................................. Seasonal ................................................................................... Seasonal ................................................................................ Vacation period–school related or otherwise ......................... 79 79 21,806 21,806 (4 ) (4 ) Other/miscellaneous .................................................................. Other ...................................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ..................................................... Data not provided: Does not know ......................................... 79 59 6 14 16,254 13,078 783 2,393 See 1. 1. Seefootnote footnote1,1,table table 2 See footnote 1, table 7. See footnote 1, table 7. 3 Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data. 3 11 2 Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data. 34 4 Data4 Data do not BLS BLS or State agency disclosure domeet not meet or State agency standards. disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 31. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2002–06 Layoff events Separations 1 Reason for layoff 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2 Total, all reasons .................................................. 1,155 919 746 560 621 Business demand ..................................................... 252 189 130 104 Contract cancellation ............................................. Contract completion ............................................... Domestic competition ............................................ Excess inventory/saturated market ........................ Import competition ................................................. Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal business slowdown .......................................... 61 13 28 21 39 20 22 15 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 49 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 78 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 31 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 32 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 36 ( ) 4 ( ) 10,614 ( ) 4 ( ) 17,672 ( ) 4 ( ) 6,272 ( ) 4 ( ) 6,091 ( ) 4 ( ) 6,151 129 62 40 35 31 23,027 11,237 6,333 5,712 7,932 Organizational changes ............................................ 306 245 290 227 274 72,094 50,924 63,725 43,418 78,219 Business-ownership change .................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company .......... 85 221 51 194 59 231 46 181 70 204 23,719 48,375 15,433 35,491 10,206 53,519 8,651 34,767 23,548 54,671 Financial issues ........................................................ 371 291 210 144 143 120,888 81,691 47,007 32,990 34,122 Bankruptcy ............................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........ Financial difficulty .................................................. 155 122 70 59 41 63,346 42,824 16,759 16,654 13,207 (4) 216 (4) 169 (4) 140 (4) 85 (4) 102 (4) 57,542 (4) 38,867 (4) 30,248 (4) 16,336 (4) 20,915 Production specific .................................................... 16 16 3 ( ) 20 15 2,375 2,459 6,583 3,482 4,943 Automation/technological advances ...................... Energy related ....................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention .................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............. Material or supply shortage ................................... Model changeover ................................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance .................... Product line discontinued ....................................... – – – – (3) 4 ( ) – 629 – (3) 4 ( ) (3) – ( ) – – (3) 4 ( ) (3) – ( ) – – (3) 4 ( ) – 3 – ( ) – ( ) – Disaster/safety .......................................................... Hazardous work environment ................................ Natural disaster (not weather related) ................... Non-natural disaster .............................................. Extreme weather-related event .............................. (3) 10 (3) (3) 11 ( ) (3) (3) 14 (3) 4 ( ) (3) 3 ( ) – – 16 3 (3) 15 (3) – – (3) (3) 3 4 ( ) 5 3 3 ( ) (3) – – 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 298,634 210,903 159,867 107,399 153,718 123 55,441 39,846 23,587 16,704 22,977 28 28 15,704 6,096 7,239 3,698 7,202 3,780 3,180 1,721 4,227 4,667 4 3 4 ( ) (3) – – – 11 5 – ( ) (3) – (3) (3) (3) (3) – 4 4 3 4 3 (3) 1,304 (3) (3) 1,744 ( ) (3) (3) 4,285 (3) 4 ( ) (3) 3 ( ) – – 2,699 (3) 606 (3) 2,353 1,743 – ( ) (3) – – – – – (3) – (3) (3) (3) (3) – 3 3 – – – 4 – – (3) (3) 4 ( ) 1,396 3 3 ( ) 4 ( ) (3) – – – 4,342 3 Seasonal ................................................................... 3 ( ) – – 6 8 ( ) – – 585 513 Seasonal ................................................................ Vacation period–school related or otherwise ......... 3 ( ) – – – – – 6 – 8 – (3) – – – – – 585 – 513 – Other/miscellaneous ................................................. 88 70 91 44 53 22,717 13,900 18,782 7,867 11,201 Other ...................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal .................................... Data not provided: Does not know ......................... 44 7 37 39 5 26 66 6 19 31 3 10 38 4 11 10,956 1,180 10,581 9,460 1,016 3,424 14,992 927 2,863 5,593 490 1,784 8,458 582 2,161 Domestic relocation .................................................. Overseas relocation .................................................. 80 38 70 35 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) (5) 12,032 9,445 5 (5) 15,956 8,276 ( ) (5) (5) (5) (5) 1 See footnote 1, table 7. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 3 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. 4 Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data. 5 Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer used. For additional information, see the Technical Note. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 35 5 Table 32. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector, private nonfarm sector, 2002–06 Layoffs Separations Industry 1 Total, private nonfarm ................................... Mining …………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………… Manufacturing …………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ……………………… Information ……………………………………………… Finance and insurance ………………………………… 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1,155 919 746 560 621 4 – 16 357 28 94 24 30 36 2 ( ) – 24 249 17 74 25 15 27 2 5 26 ( ) 8 2 (2) 34 13 ( ) 29 5 31 8 28 15 ( ) 16 3 20 11 – – – 11 5 2 2 ( ) 14 575 42 169 71 52 39 ( ) 18 469 42 123 29 37 39 5 24 4 72 Real estate and rental and leasing …………………… Professional and technical services ………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………… Administrative and waste services …………………… Educational services …………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………… Accommodation and food services …………………… Other services, except public administration ………… ( ) 30 4 17 17 (2) 20 4 64 – 27 7 18 12 Unclassified establishments …………………………… 5 1 2 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. 2 2 ( ) 38 2 ( ) 35 NOTE: Dash represents zero. 36 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 298,634 210,903 159,867 107,399 153,718 ( ) – 18 314 21 81 23 30 34 ( ) 2,820 116,142 7,099 74,152 25,682 10,745 9,279 ( ) 5,068 94,990 6,815 45,136 8,931 8,048 9,270 3 17 3 24 674 6,612 1,150 24,780 ( ) 5,954 3,685 3,307 3,430 ( ) 3,877 1,001 14,926 – 4,285 1,398 3,796 1,660 896 51 2 1,761 2 2 1,222 2 2 2 ( ) – 1,377 67,228 4,265 40,784 7,852 6,537 5,510 2 296 2,970 367 5,226 789 – 2,718 71,013 4,815 24,921 5,423 8,282 8,714 ( ) – 3,270 48,184 2,491 17,318 4,965 2,906 5,119 1,299 4,136 ( ) 1,503 2 ( ) 9,345 2 (2) 8,410 1,868 ( ) 5,609 568 5,818 1,208 4,935 2,517 – – 2 ( ) 7,397 2 2 ( ) 3,109 320 6,150 1,387 – Table 33. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest three-digit NAICS industries in 2006 Permanent closures Industry NAICS 2005 Events 2 Separations 2006 Rank 1 Events Separations Rank Total, private nonfarm ...................................... … 560 107,399 … 621 153,718 … Total, 50 highest industries ......................................... … 520 101,700 … 581 148,650 … Food and beverage stores……………………………… Transportation equipment manufacturing……………… General merchandise stores…………………………… Computer and electronic product manufacturing……… Food manufacturing……………………………………… Textile mills………………………………………………… Accommodation…………………………………………… Credit intermediation and related activities…………… Plastics and rubber products manufacturing…………… Administrative and support services…………………… 445 336 452 334 311 313 721 522 326 561 24 35 15 18 34 13 14 17 14 28 7,924 7,371 2,201 4,200 6,053 1,794 2,706 3,973 1,932 5,409 1 2 16 6 3 20 13 7 18 4 24 51 20 15 31 26 13 27 26 22 16,587 13,273 11,883 7,278 7,264 5,549 5,124 4,784 4,302 4,108 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Machinery manufacturing………………………………… Furniture and related product manufacturing…………… Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores……… Clothing and clothing accessories stores……………… Professional and technical services…………………… Air transportation………………………………………… Apparel manufacturing…………………………………… Electrical equipment and appliance mfg………………… Telecommunications……………………………………… Primary metal manufacturing…………………………… 333 337 451 448 541 481 315 335 517 331 10 17 (3) 8 8 7 17 8 7 11 3,379 3,277 (3) 1,070 1,503 1,682 2,387 2,711 682 2,756 8 9 56 34 23 21 14 12 44 10 15 19 8 11 17 6 16 14 17 15 3,992 3,770 3,450 3,047 2,970 2,838 2,815 2,783 2,326 2,202 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Broadcasting, except Internet…………………………… Merchant wholesalers, durable goods………………… Wood product manufacturing…………………………… Paper manufacturing……………………………………… Miscellaneous manufacturing…………………………… Fabricated metal product manufacturing……………… Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods……………… Printing and related support activities…………………… Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing………… Electronics and appliance stores………………………… 515 423 321 322 339 332 424 323 312 443 – 6 9 11 6 23 7 3 (3) 6 – 823 1,261 1,562 739 4,504 1,254 248 (3) 1,090 68 39 28 22 43 5 29 60 47 33 4 7 13 15 10 13 12 10 6 4 2,046 1,999 1,948 1,901 1,890 1,885 1,833 1,769 1,744 1,710 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Nonstore retailers………………………………………… Support activities for transportation……………………… Nursing and residential care facilities…………………… Motion picture and sound recording industries………… Truck transportation……………………………………… Hospitals…………………………………………………… Waste management and remediation services………… Food services and drinking places……………………… Chemical manufacturing………………………………… Specialty trade contractors……………………………… 454 488 623 512 484 622 562 722 325 238 4 – 10 4 4 13 3 ( ) 14 5 14 833 – 2,104 1,323 761 2,718 (3) 2,229 1,112 1,916 38 68 17 25 42 11 65 15 32 19 4 4 8 4 6 3 3 ( ) 7 6 13 1,437 1,415 1,392 1,334 1,256 1,126 (3) 1,026 1,024 1,019 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing…………… Motor vehicle and parts dealers………………………… Warehousing and storage………………………………… Miscellaneous store retailers…………………………… ISPs, search portals, and data processing……………… Personal and laundry services…………………………… Water transportation……………………………………… Insurance carriers and related activities………………… Transit and ground passenger transportation………… Furniture and home furnishings stores………………… 327 441 493 453 518 812 483 524 485 442 5 – 6 4 (3) 11 (3) 8 5 6 792 – 1,480 592 (3) 1,175 (3) 921 635 1,269 40 68 24 49 45 30 65 36 48 26 6 3 4 3 ( ) 4 6 (3) 6 3 ( ) 4 1,012 929 796 3 ( ) 737 715 (3) 656 3 ( ) 501 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 11 22 3 Industries Industries are are ranked ranked by by the the number number of separations in 2006. See See footnote footnote 1, 1, table table 1. 1. Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 3 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 37 1 Table 34. Permanent worksite closures: Over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff events and separations by State, private nonfarm sector, 2005–2006 State Layoffs 2005 2006 Total, private nonfarm1……… 560 621 Alabama………………………… Alaska…………………………… Arizona………………………… Arkansas………………………… California………………………… Colorado………………………… Connecticut…………………… Delaware………………………… District of Columbia…………… Florida…………………………… Georgia………………………… Hawaii…………………………… Idaho…………………………… 3 – (2) 3 89 4 4 – – 50 29 (2) 3 Illinois…………………………… Indiana………………………… Iowa……………………………… Kansas………………………… Kentucky………………………… Louisiana……………………… Maine…………………………… Maryland………………………… Massachusetts………………… Michigan………………………… Minnesota……………………… Mississippi……………………… Missouri………………………… Separations Change 2005 2006 Change 61 107,399 153,718 46,319 18 – (2) (2) 93 5 7 – – 46 32 3 – 15 – (2) (2) 4 1 3 – – -4 3 (2) -3 302 – (2) 741 15,027 1,086 768 – – 12,172 3,519 (2) 341 4,017 – (2) (2) 28,290 1,769 1,874 – – 14,409 4,367 453 – 3,715 – (2) (2) 13,263 683 1,106 – – 2,237 848 (2) -341 29 9 3 4 14 14 4 (2) 6 26 3 7 9 32 15 6 9 11 5 (2) 6 7 36 (2) 5 9 3 6 3 5 -3 -9 (2) (2) 1 10 (2) -2 – 7,090 2,734 1,720 592 2,186 1,974 772 (2) 1,144 4,485 440 1,184 1,435 8,757 4,544 1,760 1,596 1,499 1,698 (2) 904 1,736 6,962 (2) 621 3,474 1,667 1,810 40 1,004 -687 -276 (2) (2) 592 2,477 (2) -563 2,039 Montana………………………… Nebraska……………………… Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... New Jersey ............................ New Mexico ............................ New York……………………… North Carolina………………… North Dakota…………………… Ohio……………………………… Oklahoma……………………… Oregon………………………… Pennsylvania…………………… – (2) 3 (2) 28 (2) 61 30 – 31 6 3 5 (2) 5 4 (2) 31 3 54 28 – 47 6 5 8 (2) – (2) 344 (2) 5,248 (2) 10,309 4,952 – 6,060 1,507 500 1,319 (2) 1,451 1,862 (2) 7,541 646 7,052 3,218 – 16,346 693 680 1,448 (2) (2) 1 (2) 3 (2) -7 -2 – 16 – 2 3 (2) 1,518 (2) 2,293 (2) -3,257 -1,734 – 10,286 -814 180 129 Rhode Island…………………… South Carolina………………… South Dakota…………………… Tennessee……………………… Texas…………………………… Utah……………………………… Vermont………………………… Virginia………………………… Washington…………………… West Virginia…………………… Wisconsin……………………… Wyoming………………………… – (2) – 24 18 (2) (2) 12 4 (2) 7 – (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 2 2 (2) (2) – -1 (2) -4 – – (2) – 6,271 3,863 (2) (2) 2,123 757 (2) 2,155 – (2) (2) (2) 26 20 (2) (2) 12 3 5 3 – (2) (2) 7,259 6,144 (2) (2) 4,600 705 1,045 601 – (2) (2) 988 2,281 (2) (2) 2,477 -52 (2) -1,554 – 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 38 Table 35. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff events and separations, 25 highest metropolitan areas, private nonfarm sector, 2006 2005 Metropolitan Area 2006 Events Separations Rank1 Events Separations Rank1 413 76,450 … 410 90,358 … Total, 25 highest metropolitan areas………………………………… 246 48,439 … 227 58,014 … Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA……………………………… New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA……………… San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA…………………………………… Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL…………………………… Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI……………………………………… St. Louis, MO-IL…………………………………………………………… Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI………………………………………………… Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV…………………… 29 57 3 14 16 7 7 3 ( ) 5,102 10,202 265 1,687 3,353 1,083 1,249 3 ( ) 2 1 69 8 4 15 13 36 45 45 5 17 13 6 17 3 8,572 7,423 5,546 3,742 2,437 2,358 2,220 2,157 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN……………………… Atlantic City, NJ…………………………………………………………… Las Vegas-Paradise, NV…………………………………………………… Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN………………………………………… Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX……………………………………… Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX…………………………………………… Lansing-East Lansing, MI………………………………………………… Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA……………………………… 3 ( ) – (3) 6 6 3 – 4 (3) – (3) 837 903 844 – 635 39 135 71 22 20 21 135 27 6 (3) 4 5 5 8 (3) 3 1,940 (3) 1,862 1,656 1,655 1,654 (3) 1,457 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA…………………………………… Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC……………………………………… Anderson, IN………………………………………………………………… Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH……………………………………………… Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA……………………………………… Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC…………………………………………… Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI……………………………………………… Dayton, OH………………………………………………………………… Pittsburgh, PA……………………………………………………………… 12 (3) – 4 12 (3) (3) 3 – 1,396 (3) – 1,228 1,493 (3) (3) 924 – 12 128 135 14 11 55 42 19 135 7 3 (3) 6 11 4 6 (3) 3 1,327 1,257 (3) 1,164 1,121 1,112 1,015 (3) 833 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2 Total, 369 metropolitan areas ……………………………………… 1 2 3 NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in U.S. Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 07-01, December 18, 2006. Dash represents zero. Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of separations in 2006. See footnote 1, table 1. Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. 39 Technical Note T he Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a FederalState program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each State’s unemployment insurance (UI) database. Establishments that have at least 50 initial claims for unemployment insurance filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the State agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days’ duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The MLS program yields information on an individual’s entire spell of unemployment, to the point at which regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. Beginning with data for 2004, the scope of extended mass layoffs and plant closings was redefined to cover only the private nonfarm economy. Therefore, extended mass layoff information for agriculture and government are no longer collected. With the release of first quarter 2007 extended mass layoff data, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics introduced improvements to the presentation of data on economic reasons for extended mass layoffs. Clearer definitions and titles for many of the current reasons were introduced and four new reasons were added. In addition, seven higher level categories—business demand, disaster and safety, financial, organizational, production, seasonal, and other and miscellaneous—are used to aggregate and report the detailed economic reasons for layoff. Because of these changes, data beginning with the first quarter of 2007 are not strictly comparable to previous quarters. For additional information on the changes to the MLS reasons, including a detailed definition of each reason and a crosswalk of the new to the old reasons, please see http://www.bls.gov/mls/home.htm. Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, are telephone apparatus manufacturing; audio and video equipment manufacturing; broadcast and wireless communications equipment; fiber optic cable manufacturing; software reproducing; and magnetic and optical recording media manufacturing. Communications services. The industries included in this grouping, which are from the Digital Economy, 2003, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, are wired telecommunications carriers; cellular and other wireless carriers; telecommunications resellers; cable and other program distribution; satellite telecommunications; other telecommunications; and communication equipment repair. Computer hardware. The industries included in this grouping, which are from the Digital Economy, 2003, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, are semiconductor machinery manufacturing; office machinery manufacturing; electronic computer manufacturing; computer storage device manufacturing; computer terminal manufacturing; other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing; electron tube manufacturing; bare printed circuit board manufacturing; semiconductors and related device manufacturing; electronic capacitor manufacturing; electronic resistor manufacturing; electronic coils, transformers, and inductors; electronic connector manufacturing; printed circuit assembly manufacturing; other electronic component manufacturing; industrial process variable instruments; electricity and signal testing instruments; analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing; computer and software merchant wholesalers; and computer and software stores. Definitions Clothing manufacturing and distribution. Industries involved in the production and distribution of clothing. These industries include textile mills; apparel manufacturing; footwear manufacturing; apparel and piece goods merchant wholesalers; clothing stores; shoe stores; department stores; and formal wear and costume rental. Continued claim. A claim filed after the initial claim, by mail, by telephone, or in person, for waiting period credit or payment for a certified week of unemployment. The MLS program collects continued claims for 1 week each month. That is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th day of the month, and it is referred to as the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week. Because continued claims are not tracked for all weeks, an exact measure of insured jobless duration is not available. Communications equipment. The industries included in this grouping, which are from the Digital Economy, 2003, Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. 40 Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. services; office equipment rental and leasing; and computer and office machine repair. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or single-unit establishments or the partial closure of a multiunit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or are planned to be closed with no employer expectation of recall. Final payment recipients. Persons who have exhausted all of their unemployment insurance benefits and are no longer eligible for any further benefits. Food processing and distribution. Industries that are involved in the production and distribution of food. These industries include food manufacturing; beverage manufacturing; grocery and related product wholesalers; other farm product raw material merchant wholesalers; alcoholic beverage merchant wholesalers; farm supplies merchant wholesalers; food and beverage stores; food (health) supplement stores; refrigerated warehousing and storage; farm product warehousing and storage; veterinary services; and food services and drinking places. Movement-of-work concepts and questions Because of the employer interview component, BLS decided to use the MLS program as a vehicle for collecting additional information on offshoring and outsourcing associated with job loss by adding questions that address movement of work. The term “moving work” means that the company experiencing the layoff has reassigned work activities that were performed at a worksite by the company’s employees (1) to another worksite within the company; (2) to another company under formal arrangements at the same worksite; or (3) to another company under formal arrangements at another worksite. The type of work activities subject to movement can include accounting, customer service, cleaning, warehousing, etc. “Overseas relocation” is the movement of work from within the United States to locations outside of the United States. Overseas relocation can occur within the same company and involve movement of work to a different location of that company outside of the United States, or to a different company altogether. “Domestic relocation” is the movement of work to other locations inside the United States, either within the same company or to a different company. “Overseas relocation” and “domestic relocation” are no longer used in the same way as they were in earlier extended mass layoff reports. Therefore, the data presented in this report are not comparable to those that were presented in earlier reports. Questions on movement of work and location are asked for all identified layoff events when the reason for separation is other than “seasonal work” or “vacation period.” Seasonal and vacation layoff events were excluded because movement of work appears unlikely. Questions on movement of work are asked after the State analyst verifies that a layoff in fact occurred and lasted more than 30 days, and obtains the total number of workers separated from jobs, the date the layoff began, and the economic reason for the layoff. If the reason for layoff is other than seasonal or vacation, the employer is asked the following questions: Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons who are subject to recall and those who are terminated. Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Movement-of-work action. Relocation of work within the same company or to other companies, domestically or outside the United States. Because employers may cite more than one location to which work is moving, a layoff event may have more than one action associated with it. Movement-of-work separations. The number of separations specifically associated with movement-of-work actions. Separations. The total number of people laid-off in an extended mass layoff event for more than 30 days, according to the employer. Software and computer services. The industries included in this grouping, which are from the Digital Economy, 2003, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, are software publishers; Internet service providers; Web search portals; data-processing and related services; computer and software merchant wholesalers; computer and software stores; custom computer programming services; computer systems design services; computer facilities management services; other computer-related (1) “Did this layoff include your company moving work from this location(s) to a different geographic location(s) within your company?” (2) “Did this layoff include your company moving work that was performed in-house by your employees to a different company, through contractual arrangements?” 41 A “yes” response to either question is followed by: MLS program and associated characteristics of claimants is based on administrative data on covered establishments and unemployment insurance claims, and, therefore, is not subject to issues associated with sampling error. Nonsampling errors, such as typographical errors, may occur but are not likely to be significant. While the MLS establishments and layoff events are not subject to sampling error, and all such employers are asked the employer interview questions, the employer responses are subject to nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the inability to obtain information for all respondents, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For 2006, outright refusal to participate in the employer interview accounted for 3.6 percent of all private nonfarm events. Employers in 117 instances were included in the total number of actions entailing movement of work, but they were unable to provide the number of separations specifically associated with the movement of work. Out-of-country moves were involved in 34 of these instances. Material in this report is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be used without permission. The information in this report is available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. E-mail address: mlsinfo@bls.gov. “Is the location inside or outside of the United States?” and “How many of the layoffs were a result of this relocation?” Layoff actions are classified as “overseas relocation” if the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2, and indicates that the location(s) was outside of the United States. Layoff actions are classified as “domestic relocation” if the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2 and indicates that the location(s) was within the United States. After asking the movement-of-work questions, the State analyst continues the employer interview and obtains responses to questions on recall expectations and open or closed status of the worksite. The MLS program uses a range to report separations associated with movement of work. The data provided by respondents on the number of separations associated with specific movement-of-work actions establish a lower bound. The upper bound is the total number of separations in extended mass layoff events in which there was some movement of work. The difference between the lower and upper bounds includes an unknown number of separations that were not due to movement of work and an unknown number of separations from movement-of-work actions for which employers could not provide details. Reliability of the data The identification of establishments and layoff events in the 42
