Full text of The Employment Situation : June 2025

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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Thursday, July 3, 2025

USDL-25-1089

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JUNE 2025
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 147,000 in June, and the unemployment rate
changed little at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in
state government and health care. Federal government continued to lose jobs.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
Both the unemployment rate, at 4.1 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 7.0 million,
changed little in June. The unemployment rate has remained in a narrow range of 4.0 percent to 4.2
percent since May 2024. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Blacks (6.8 percent) increased in June,
while the rates for adult women (3.6 percent) and Whites (3.6 percent) decreased. The jobless rates for
adult men (3.9 percent), teenagers (14.4 percent), Asians (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.8 percent)
showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
In June, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by
190,000 to 1.6 million, largely offsetting a decrease in the prior month. The long-term unemployed
accounted for 23.3 percent of all unemployed people. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate changed little at 62.3 percent in June, and the employmentpopulation ratio held at 59.7 percent. (See table A-1.)
The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 million, changed little in June.
These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time because their
hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job was essentially unchanged at
6.0 million in June. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively
looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table
A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached to the
labor force increased by 234,000 in June to 1.8 million. These individuals wanted and were available
for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4
weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached
who believed that no jobs were available for them, increased by 256,000 in June to 637,000. (See
Summary table A.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 147,000 in June, in line with the average monthly
gain of 146,000 over the prior 12 months. In June, job gains occurred in state government and health
care. Federal government continued to lose jobs. (See table B-1.)
Government employment rose by 73,000 in June. Employment in state government increased by
47,000, largely in education (+40,000). Employment in local government education continued to trend
up (+23,000). Job losses continued in federal government (-7,000), where employment is down by
69,000 since reaching a recent peak in January. (Employees on paid leave or receiving ongoing
severance pay are counted as employed in the establishment survey.)
Health care added 39,000 jobs in June, similar to the average monthly gain of 43,000 over the prior 12
months. In June, job gains occurred in hospitals (+16,000) and in nursing and residential care facilities
(+14,000).
In June, social assistance employment continued to trend up (+19,000), reflecting continued growth in
individual and family services (+16,000).
Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; retail trade;
-2-

transportation and warehousing; information; financial activities; professional and business
services; leisure and hospitality; and other services.
Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 8 cents, or
0.2 percent, to $36.30 in June. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased
by 3.7 percent. In June, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees rose by 9 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $31.24. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 34.2
hours in June. In manufacturing, the average workweek held at 40.1 hours, and overtime was unchanged
at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.2 hour to 33.5 hours in June. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for April was revised up by 11,000, from +147,000 to
+158,000, and the change for May was revised up by 5,000, from +139,000 to +144,000. With these
revisions, employment in April and May combined is 16,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for July is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 1, 2025, at 8:30
a.m. (ET).

2025 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to Establishment Survey Data
to be released on September 9, 2025
Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of employment
from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month of March. These counts
are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to
file. At 10:00 a.m. (ET) on September 9, 2025, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the
preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision to the establishment survey data. This
is the same day that the first-quarter 2025 data from QCEW will be issued.
The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2026 Employment
Situation news release in February 2026.

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025

Change from:
May 2025June 2025

June
2025

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

268,438
168,005
62.6
161,155
60.0
6,849
4.1
100,434

273,197
171,135
62.6
163,969
60.0
7,166
4.2
102,062

273,385
170,510
62.4
163,273
59.7
7,237
4.2
102,875

273,585
170,380
62.3
163,366
59.7
7,015
4.1
103,204

200
-130
-0.1
93
0.0
-222
-0.1
329

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

4.1
3.8
3.7
12.3
3.5
6.3
4.1
4.9

4.2
4.0
3.7
13.0
3.8
6.3
3.0
5.2

4.2
3.9
3.9
13.4
3.8
6.0
3.6
5.1

4.1
3.9
3.6
14.4
3.6
6.8
3.5
4.8

-0.1
0.0
-0.3
1.0
-0.2
0.8
-0.1
-0.3

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.3
6.0
4.2
3.4
2.4

3.4
6.1
4.0
3.7
2.5

3.4
5.5
4.5
3.3
2.6

3.3
5.8
4.0
3.2
2.5

-0.1
0.3
-0.5
-0.1
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and people who completed temporary jobs................... .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,187
754
2,103
701

3,455
855
2,235
701

3,457
704
2,288
725

3,293
825
2,145
710

-164
121
-143
-15

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,130
2,108
1,066
1,533

2,187
2,269
987
1,675

2,451
2,208
1,039
1,457

2,241
2,131
1,063
1,647

-210
-77
24
190

Employed people at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

4,225
2,842
1,154
22,323

4,690
3,148
1,260
22,723

4,624
3,007
1,385
22,588

4,465
3,109
1,161
22,556

-159
102
-224
-32

People not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,511
369

1,617
414

1,556
381

1,790
637

234
256

NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

87
66
4
-1
15
-10
-14
4.3
4
62
3.7
-21.1
7.9
1.1
0
8
-17
-26.0
77
72.3
-8
11
21

158
133
2
2
0
0
3
-3.2
-3
131
1.3
4.7
-7.6
-1.2
1
5
27
16.9
85
78.7
18
-3
25

144
137
-4
-3
6
-7
-7
1.0
0
141
3.7
-7.1
4.5
2.8
5
10
0
-5.7
83
80.7
29
10
7

147
74
6
-2
15
-7
-5
-0.5
-2
68
-6.6
2.4
7.5
0.6
3
3
-7
-2.6
51
58.6
20
-5
73

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

133
118

127
118

141
128

150
115

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

June
2024

49.9
48.4
81.4

34.3
$35.00
$1,200.50
115.9
0.1
193.9
0.4

53.0
41.7

49.9
48.4
81.5

34.3
$36.08
$1,237.54
116.9
0.1
201.7
0.2

48.2
37.5

49.9
48.4
81.5

34.3
$36.22
$1,242.35
117.1
0.2
202.7
0.5

51.8
40.3

49.9
48.4
81.5

34.2
$36.30
$1,241.46
116.8
-0.3
202.7
0.0

49.6
52.1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
136,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#Revisions-Between-Preliminary-and-Final-Data.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly
Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than
sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses
into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance
on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All people
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment
estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees
have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any
part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more
information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of people who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a
measure of the number of people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad
weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 121,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 631,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. People laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and
unemployed. Those people not classified as employed or
unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including people on paid leave. People
are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data
are produced for the private sector for all employees and for
production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
2022 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 136,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -86,000 to +186,000
(50,000 +/- 136,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes
in the classification of industries when necessary. Over the
past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

June
2024

May
2025

June
2025

June
2024

Feb.
2025

Mar.
2025

Apr.
2025

May
2025

June
2025

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
People who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

268,438
169,007
63.0
161,774
60.3
7,233
4.3
99,431
5,655

273,385
170,216
62.3
163,401
59.8
6,815
4.0
103,169
6,567

273,585
171,343
62.6
163,883
59.9
7,460
4.4
102,242
6,455

268,438
168,005
62.6
161,155
60.0
6,849
4.1
100,434
5,256

272,847
170,359
62.4
163,307
59.9
7,052
4.1
102,487
5,893

273,023
170,591
62.5
163,508
59.9
7,083
4.2
102,431
5,915

273,197
171,135
62.6
163,969
60.0
7,166
4.2
102,062
5,672

273,385
170,510
62.4
163,273
59.7
7,237
4.2
102,875
5,991

273,585
170,380
62.3
163,366
59.7
7,015
4.1
103,204
6,030

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

130,875
89,900
68.7
86,182
65.9
3,719
4.1
40,974

133,351
90,249
67.7
86,565
64.9
3,685
4.1
43,102

133,449
91,247
68.4
87,272
65.4
3,975
4.4
42,202

130,875
89,140
68.1
85,446
65.3
3,694
4.1
41,734

133,089
89,987
67.6
86,226
64.8
3,761
4.2
43,102

133,175
90,244
67.8
86,443
64.9
3,800
4.2
42,932

133,260
90,693
68.1
86,733
65.1
3,960
4.4
42,567

133,351
90,392
67.8
86,486
64.9
3,906
4.3
42,959

133,449
90,461
67.8
86,575
64.9
3,886
4.3
42,988

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

121,929
85,994
70.5
82,865
68.0
3,129
3.6
35,935

124,261
87,032
70.0
83,836
67.5
3,196
3.7
37,229

124,361
87,428
70.3
84,147
67.7
3,281
3.8
36,933

121,929
85,862
70.4
82,600
67.7
3,261
3.8
36,067

123,996
86,594
69.8
83,311
67.2
3,283
3.8
37,402

124,082
86,887
70.0
83,563
67.3
3,324
3.8
37,195

124,166
87,309
70.3
83,858
67.5
3,451
4.0
36,857

124,261
87,087
70.1
83,704
67.4
3,383
3.9
37,174

124,361
87,250
70.2
83,872
67.4
3,378
3.9
37,111

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

137,564
79,107
57.5
75,592
55.0
3,515
4.4
58,457

140,033
79,967
57.1
76,836
54.9
3,130
3.9
60,067

140,136
80,095
57.2
76,611
54.7
3,484
4.4
60,041

137,564
78,864
57.3
75,709
55.0
3,155
4.0
58,699

139,758
80,372
57.5
77,081
55.2
3,291
4.1
59,385

139,848
80,348
57.5
77,065
55.1
3,283
4.1
59,500

139,937
80,442
57.5
77,236
55.2
3,206
4.0
59,495

140,033
80,118
57.2
76,787
54.8
3,331
4.2
59,915

140,136
79,920
57.0
76,791
54.8
3,129
3.9
60,216

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128,922
75,336
58.4
72,339
56.1
2,997
4.0
53,585

131,268
76,861
58.6
74,073
56.4
2,787
3.6
54,407

131,374
76,552
58.3
73,630
56.0
2,923
3.8
54,822

128,922
75,616
58.7
72,828
56.5
2,788
3.7
53,306

130,991
77,115
58.9
74,205
56.6
2,910
3.8
53,876

131,080
76,997
58.7
74,159
56.6
2,838
3.7
54,082

131,167
77,241
58.9
74,379
56.7
2,862
3.7
53,926

131,268
76,968
58.6
73,979
56.4
2,989
3.9
54,300

131,374
76,865
58.5
74,134
56.4
2,732
3.6
54,509

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17,588
7,676
43.6
6,569
37.3
1,107
14.4
9,912

17,856
6,323
35.4
5,492
30.8
831
13.1
11,533

17,850
7,363
41.2
6,107
34.2
1,256
17.1
10,487

17,588
6,527
37.1
5,727
32.6
800
12.3
11,061

17,860
6,650
37.2
5,792
32.4
858
12.9
11,210

17,862
6,707
37.6
5,786
32.4
921
13.7
11,154

17,863
6,585
36.9
5,732
32.1
853
13.0
11,279

17,856
6,456
36.2
5,590
31.3
866
13.4
11,400

17,850
6,265
35.1
5,361
30.0
905
14.4
11,584

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

June
2024

May
2025

June
2025

June
2024

Feb.
2025

Mar.
2025

Apr.
2025

May
2025

June
2025

205,010
128,224
62.5
123,477
60.2
4,747
3.7
76,786

207,377
128,277
61.9
123,650
59.6
4,627
3.6
79,100

207,472
129,114
62.2
124,209
59.9
4,905
3.8
78,358

205,010
127,551
62.2
123,080
60.0
4,470
3.5
77,459

207,147
128,548
62.1
123,726
59.7
4,822
3.8
78,599

207,221
128,769
62.1
123,993
59.8
4,776
3.7
78,452

207,291
129,149
62.3
124,198
59.9
4,952
3.8
78,142

207,377
128,538
62.0
123,605
59.6
4,934
3.8
78,839

207,472
128,514
61.9
123,899
59.7
4,615
3.6
78,958

66,275
70.1
64,203
67.9
2,072
3.1

66,533
69.5
64,299
67.2
2,234
3.4

66,789
69.7
64,617
67.5
2,172
3.3

66,156
70.0
64,005
67.7
2,151
3.3

66,365
69.4
64,049
67.0
2,316
3.5

66,454
69.5
64,217
67.1
2,237
3.4

66,754
69.8
64,276
67.2
2,478
3.7

66,593
69.6
64,200
67.1
2,392
3.6

66,664
69.6
64,415
67.3
2,250
3.4

55,969
57.3
54,059
55.3
1,910
3.4

56,799
57.5
55,065
55.7
1,733
3.1

56,671
57.3
54,779
55.4
1,892
3.3

56,280
57.6
54,515
55.8
1,765
3.1

57,060
57.8
55,117
55.8
1,943
3.4

57,193
57.9
55,307
56.0
1,887
3.3

57,326
58.0
55,440
56.1
1,887
3.3

56,923
57.6
55,047
55.7
1,876
3.3

57,000
57.6
55,244
55.9
1,756
3.1

5,979
47.0
5,214
41.0
765
12.8

4,945
38.6
4,285
33.5
660
13.3

5,654
44.2
4,814
37.6
841
14.9

5,115
40.2
4,561
35.9
554
10.8

5,123
39.9
4,560
35.6
562
11.0

5,122
40.0
4,470
34.9
653
12.7

5,069
39.5
4,482
35.0
587
11.6

5,023
39.2
4,358
34.0
665
13.2

4,850
37.9
4,241
33.1
609
12.6

34,982
22,126
63.3
20,654
59.0
1,472
6.7
12,856

35,751
22,189
62.1
20,876
58.4
1,313
5.9
13,562

35,784
22,317
62.4
20,707
57.9
1,610
7.2
13,467

34,982
21,947
62.7
20,565
58.8
1,381
6.3
13,035

35,653
22,340
62.7
21,002
58.9
1,339
6.0
13,313

35,687
22,196
62.2
20,826
58.4
1,370
6.2
13,491

35,719
22,185
62.1
20,787
58.2
1,399
6.3
13,534

35,751
22,174
62.0
20,843
58.3
1,332
6.0
13,577

35,784
22,161
61.9
20,650
57.7
1,511
6.8
13,623

10,328
69.5
9,715
65.3
613
5.9

10,416
68.5
9,876
65.0
541
5.2

10,527
69.2
9,813
64.5
713
6.8

10,271
69.1
9,645
64.9
626
6.1

10,347
68.3
9,773
64.5
574
5.5

10,511
69.3
9,870
65.1
641
6.1

10,504
69.2
9,917
65.3
587
5.6

10,409
68.5
9,869
64.9
540
5.2

10,473
68.8
9,752
64.1
721
6.9

10,911
62.4
10,244
58.5
667
6.1

11,042
61.8
10,371
58.0
671
6.1

10,871
60.8
10,188
57.0
682
6.3

10,902
62.3
10,282
58.8
620
5.7

11,174
62.7
10,566
59.3
607
5.4

10,857
60.9
10,300
57.8
557
5.1

10,923
61.2
10,260
57.5
663
6.1

11,016
61.7
10,332
57.8
684
6.2

10,883
60.9
10,248
57.3
634
5.8

888
33.9
695
26.6
192
21.7

731
27.3
630
23.5
101
13.8

919
34.3
706
26.3
214
23.3

774
29.6
638
24.4
135
17.5

820
30.6
662
24.8
157
19.2

828
30.9
655
24.5
172
20.8

759
28.3
610
22.8
149
19.6

749
27.9
641
23.9
108
14.4

806
30.0
651
24.3
155
19.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

June
2024
18,052
11,955
66.2
11,428
63.3
527
4.4
6,097

May
2025
19,291
12,686
65.8
12,250
63.5
435
3.4
6,605

June
2025
19,294
12,712
65.9
12,221
63.3
491
3.9
6,582

June
2024
18,052
11,878
65.8
11,392
63.1
486
4.1
6,174

Feb.
2025
19,097
12,512
65.5
12,113
63.4
399
3.2
6,585

Mar.
2025
19,241
12,653
65.8
12,213
63.5
441
3.5
6,588

Apr.
2025
19,272
12,717
66.0
12,332
64.0
385
3.0
6,555

May
2025
19,291
12,708
65.9
12,247
63.5
461
3.6
6,583

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

June
2025
19,294
12,633
65.5
12,186
63.2
447
3.5
6,661

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

June
2024

May
2025

June
2025

June
2024

Feb.
2025

Mar.
2025

Apr.
2025

May
2025

June
2025

48,864
33,173
67.9
31,531
64.5
1,642
4.9
15,691

51,297
34,413
67.1
32,781
63.9
1,632
4.7
16,884

51,406
34,466
67.0
32,831
63.9
1,635
4.7
16,940

48,864
32,988
67.5
31,360
64.2
1,628
4.9
15,876

50,977
34,083
66.9
32,301
63.4
1,782
5.2
16,895

51,083
34,330
67.2
32,578
63.8
1,752
5.1
16,753

51,191
34,446
67.3
32,650
63.8
1,795
5.2
16,745

51,297
34,452
67.2
32,682
63.7
1,770
5.1
16,845

51,406
34,318
66.8
32,686
63.6
1,632
4.8
17,088

17,800
80.6
17,118
77.5
682
3.8

18,435
79.3
17,685
76.1
750
4.1

18,483
79.3
17,797
76.4
686
3.7

17,769
80.5
17,020
77.1
749
4.2

18,150
78.6
17,314
75.0
836
4.6

18,301
79.1
17,476
75.5
825
4.5

18,410
79.4
17,488
75.4
921
5.0

18,431
79.3
17,610
75.7
821
4.5

18,455
79.2
17,694
75.9
761
4.1

13,566
61.1
12,932
58.3
634
4.7

14,464
62.2
13,781
59.2
682
4.7

14,291
61.3
13,639
58.5
653
4.6

13,545
61.1
12,932
58.3
614
4.5

14,347
62.1
13,621
58.9
726
5.1

14,398
62.1
13,732
59.3
666
4.6

14,512
62.5
13,846
59.6
666
4.6

14,473
62.2
13,742
59.1
731
5.0

14,305
61.3
13,668
58.6
637
4.5

1,807
39.3
1,481
32.2
326
18.1

1,514
31.7
1,314
27.5
200
13.2

1,692
35.4
1,396
29.2
296
17.5

1,674
36.4
1,409
30.7
265
15.8

1,586
33.3
1,366
28.7
220
13.8

1,631
34.2
1,370
28.8
261
16.0

1,523
31.9
1,316
27.6
208
13.6

1,549
32.4
1,330
27.9
218
14.1

1,558
32.6
1,324
27.7
234
15.0

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

June
2024

May
2025

June
2025

Seasonally adjusted
June
2024

Feb.
2025

Mar.
2025

Apr.
2025

May
2025

June
2025

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,346
48.0
8,849
45.4
497
5.3

9,310
47.9
8,860
45.6
450
4.8

9,228
47.3
8,753
44.8
475
5.1

9,137
46.9
8,591
44.1
546
6.0

9,060
48.3
8,519
45.4
541
6.0

9,061
48.1
8,538
45.3
523
5.8

8,891
46.4
8,344
43.6
546
6.1

9,055
46.6
8,553
44.0
502
5.5

9,019
46.2
8,496
43.5
522
5.8

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,951
56.6
34,494
54.3
1,457
4.1

36,522
56.7
34,997
54.4
1,526
4.2

36,289
56.7
34,916
54.5
1,373
3.8

36,249
57.1
34,721
54.7
1,528
4.2

36,215
56.2
34,676
53.8
1,539
4.2

36,023
56.4
34,538
54.1
1,485
4.1

36,525
56.7
35,069
54.5
1,456
4.0

36,460
56.6
34,836
54.1
1,623
4.5

36,569
57.1
35,124
54.8
1,446
4.0

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,473
62.5
34,244
60.3
1,229
3.5

35,869
62.4
34,766
60.5
1,103
3.1

36,102
62.7
34,951
60.7
1,151
3.2

35,591
62.7
34,371
60.6
1,220
3.4

36,423
63.3
35,155
61.1
1,268
3.5

36,196
62.5
34,930
60.3
1,266
3.5

36,491
62.8
35,157
60.5
1,334
3.7

36,128
62.8
34,946
60.8
1,181
3.3

36,218
62.9
35,069
60.9
1,149
3.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64,855
72.3
63,198
70.4
1,657
2.6

66,678
72.2
65,066
70.5
1,612
2.4

66,266
71.5
64,486
69.5
1,779
2.7

65,326
72.8
63,779
71.1
1,548
2.4

66,292
71.8
64,655
70.1
1,637
2.5

66,752
72.0
65,014
70.1
1,738
2.6

66,666
72.7
65,005
70.9
1,661
2.5

66,744
72.3
65,022
70.4
1,722
2.6

66,761
72.0
65,089
70.2
1,672
2.5

1

Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes people with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

June
2024

Men
June
2025

June
2024

Women
June
2025

June
2024

June
2025

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17,582
8,295
47.2
8,060
45.8
236
2.8
9,287

17,266
8,160
47.3
7,862
45.5
298
3.7
9,106

15,532
7,151
46.0
6,952
44.8
199
2.8
8,381

15,189
7,011
46.2
6,763
44.5
248
3.5
8,178

2,050
1,145
55.8
1,108
54.0
37
3.2
905

2,077
1,149
55.3
1,098
52.9
50
4.4
928

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,252
4,163
79.3
4,008
76.3
155
3.7
1,089

5,628
4,390
78.0
4,222
75.0
168
3.8
1,238

4,343
3,507
80.7
3,372
77.6
135
3.8
836

4,622
3,650
79.0
3,509
75.9
141
3.9
973

909
656
72.2
636
70.0
20
3.1
253

1,005
740
73.6
713
71.0
27
3.6
265

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,885
1,920
66.5
1,891
65.5
29
1.5
965

3,240
2,037
62.9
1,981
61.1
55
2.7
1,204

2,395
1,612
67.3
1,594
66.6
18
1.1
783

2,744
1,794
65.4
1,752
63.9
42
2.3
949

490
308
62.8
296
60.4
12
3.8
183

497
242
48.8
229
46.1
13
5.6
254

Vietnam-era and earlier wartime veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,653
697
12.3
683
12.1
14
1.9
4,956

4,883
535
10.9
503
10.3
31
5.8
4,348

5,414
675
12.5
662
12.2
14
2.0
4,739

4,697
516
11.0
489
10.4
27
5.3
4,181

239
22
9.1
22
9.1
0
–
217

186
18
9.9
14
7.7
4
–
168

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,792
1,516
40.0
1,478
39.0
38
2.5
2,276

3,515
1,199
34.1
1,155
32.9
44
3.7
2,316

3,380
1,357
40.1
1,324
39.2
33
2.4
2,023

3,126
1,051
33.6
1,013
32.4
38
3.6
2,075

412
159
38.6
154
37.5
5
3.0
253

389
148
38.0
142
36.4
6
4.1
241

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

241,546
157,713
65.3
151,212
62.6
6,501
4.1
83,833

247,023
160,465
65.0
153,799
62.3
6,666
4.2
86,558

110,669
81,265
73.4
77,978
70.5
3,287
4.0
29,404

113,644
82,884
72.9
79,396
69.9
3,487
4.2
30,760

130,877
76,448
58.4
73,234
56.0
3,214
4.2
54,429

133,379
77,581
58.2
74,402
55.8
3,179
4.1
55,798

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
People with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

June
2024

June
2025

People with no disability
June
2024

June
2025

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

33,685
8,247
24.5
7,586
22.5
662
8.0
25,438

35,655
8,844
24.8
8,081
22.7
762
8.6
26,811

234,753
160,760
68.5
154,188
65.7
6,572
4.1
73,994

237,930
162,499
68.3
155,801
65.5
6,697
4.1
75,431

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

3,574
43.8
3,285
40.3
289
8.1
4,586

3,740
43.2
3,359
38.8
380
10.2
4,917

80,056
83.8
76,801
80.4
3,254
4.1
15,502

81,102
83.9
77,732
80.4
3,371
4.2
15,580

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

3,293
39.0
2,958
35.0
335
10.2
5,149

3,597
40.7
3,295
37.3
302
8.4
5,248

70,662
73.1
67,631
70.0
3,031
4.3
25,987

71,299
72.9
68,304
69.8
2,996
4.2
26,515

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,380
8.1
1,343
7.9
37
2.7
15,703

1,507
8.3
1,427
7.9
80
5.3
16,646

10,042
23.6
9,756
22.9
286
2.8
32,504

10,097
23.2
9,766
22.5
331
3.3
33,336

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

June
2024

Men
June
2025

June
2024

Women
June
2025

June
2024

June
2025

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

48,099
32,224
67.0
30,867
64.2
1,357
4.2
15,875

49,135
32,572
66.3
31,231
63.6
1,340
4.1
16,563

23,476
18,318
78.0
17,575
74.9
743
4.1
5,158

23,924
18,458
77.2
17,742
74.2
716
3.9
5,466

24,623
13,906
56.5
13,292
54.0
614
4.4
10,717

25,210
14,113
56.0
13,489
53.5
624
4.4
11,097

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

220,339
136,783
62.1
130,906
59.4
5,877
4.3
83,556

224,450
138,771
61.8
132,652
59.1
6,119
4.4
85,680

107,399
71,582
66.7
68,607
63.9
2,976
4.2
35,817

109,525
72,789
66.5
69,530
63.5
3,259
4.5
36,736

112,940
65,200
57.7
62,300
55.2
2,901
4.4
47,740

114,926
65,982
57.4
63,122
54.9
2,860
4.3
48,944

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are people who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed people by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PEOPLE AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

June
2024

May
2025

June
2025

June
2024

Feb.
2025

Mar.
2025

Apr.
2025

May
2025

June
2025

2,513
1,779
694
40
159,261
150,084
21,069
129,015
612
128,403
9,126
51

2,089
1,403
646
40
161,312
151,760
21,879
129,881
556
129,325
9,508
44

2,284
1,644
609
30
161,599
152,376
20,974
131,402
614
130,788
9,184
39

2,374
1,660
656
–
158,997
149,799
21,587
128,194
–
127,548
9,032
–

2,259
1,489
753
–
160,930
152,034
21,653
130,414
–
129,816
8,946
–

2,371
1,595
740
–
160,920
151,946
21,748
130,227
–
129,585
9,055
–

2,246
1,556
666
–
161,591
152,265
21,856
130,408
–
129,731
9,281
–

2,062
1,414
628
–
161,223
151,789
21,807
129,957
–
129,357
9,385
–

2,162
1,529
581
–
161,353
152,125
21,532
130,589
–
129,930
9,095
–

4,421
2,853
1,181
21,341

4,425
2,857
1,369
22,710

4,659
3,120
1,159
21,564

4,225
2,842
1,154
22,323

4,937
3,292
1,253
22,435

4,780
3,156
1,255
22,625

4,690
3,148
1,260
22,723

4,624
3,007
1,385
22,588

4,465
3,109
1,161
22,556

4,350
2,806
1,171
20,952

4,367
2,806
1,362
22,372

4,577
3,049
1,154
21,221

4,142
2,781
1,143
21,931

4,899
3,273
1,253
22,039

4,717
3,125
1,255
22,196

4,622
3,103
1,253
22,381

4,548
2,941
1,375
22,239

4,372
3,022
1,156
22,208

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed people who were absent from their jobs for the
entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to people who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,
retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes people who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours
during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

June
2024

May
2025

June
2025

June
2024

Feb.
2025

Mar.
2025

Apr.
2025

May
2025

June
2025

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

161,774
6,569
2,502
4,067
155,205
14,420
140,784
103,600
35,593
36,023
31,984
37,185

163,401
5,492
1,831
3,661
157,909
14,220
143,689
105,642
36,496
36,924
32,221
38,047

163,883
6,107
2,222
3,884
157,776
14,670
143,106
105,600
36,387
36,864
32,349
37,506

161,155
5,727
2,198
3,559
155,428
14,044
141,371
103,854
35,637
36,149
32,069
37,517

163,307
5,792
1,994
3,801
157,516
14,332
143,219
105,386
36,283
36,779
32,323
37,833

163,508
5,786
2,095
3,708
157,722
14,609
143,207
105,279
36,333
36,844
32,101
37,928

163,969
5,732
2,001
3,719
158,237
14,495
143,737
105,602
36,369
36,979
32,255
38,134

163,273
5,590
1,939
3,646
157,683
14,332
143,369
105,404
36,413
36,842
32,149
37,965

163,366
5,361
1,958
3,419
158,005
14,298
143,707
105,843
36,425
36,994
32,424
37,863

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

86,182
3,317
1,251
2,065
82,865
7,461
75,404
55,397
19,021
19,344
17,033
20,006

86,565
2,729
901
1,828
83,836
7,305
76,531
56,163
19,425
19,762
16,976
20,368

87,272
3,125
1,112
2,013
84,147
7,640
76,507
56,399
19,500
19,857
17,041
20,108

85,446
2,846
1,055
1,817
82,600
7,209
75,344
55,273
18,982
19,306
16,985
20,071

86,226
2,915
980
1,946
83,311
7,218
76,172
55,955
19,188
19,740
17,026
20,217

86,443
2,880
1,041
1,855
83,563
7,377
76,290
55,952
19,317
19,789
16,846
20,338

86,733
2,875
1,037
1,839
83,858
7,340
76,528
56,209
19,446
19,818
16,945
20,319

86,486
2,782
953
1,829
83,704
7,314
76,358
56,033
19,388
19,717
16,927
20,325

86,575
2,703
943
1,776
83,872
7,378
76,455
56,262
19,449
19,821
16,992
20,193

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75,592
3,252
1,250
2,002
72,339
6,959
65,380
48,202
16,572
16,679
14,951
17,178

76,836
2,763
930
1,833
74,073
6,915
67,158
49,479
17,071
17,163
15,245
17,679

76,611
2,981
1,110
1,871
73,630
7,030
66,599
49,201
16,887
17,007
15,308
17,398

75,709
2,881
1,142
1,743
72,828
6,835
66,027
48,581
16,654
16,843
15,084
17,445

77,081
2,877
1,013
1,855
74,205
7,114
67,047
49,431
17,095
17,039
15,297
17,616

77,065
2,906
1,053
1,853
74,159
7,231
66,917
49,327
17,016
17,055
15,255
17,590

77,236
2,857
963
1,880
74,379
7,154
67,209
49,393
16,922
17,161
15,310
17,816

76,787
2,808
986
1,817
73,979
7,018
67,011
49,370
17,024
17,125
15,222
17,640

76,791
2,657
1,015
1,643
74,134
6,920
67,252
49,581
16,976
17,173
15,432
17,671

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,752
36,522
9,888

46,536
37,179
10,009

46,577
37,247
9,536

45,904
36,980
–

45,752
37,318
–

45,698
36,650
–

45,988
37,121
–

46,449
37,084
–

46,654
37,660
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

134,301
27,472

134,927
28,474

136,347
27,536

133,209
28,071

134,676
28,511

135,135
28,467

135,463
28,524

134,840
28,557

135,277
28,190

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,194
5.1

8,501
5.2

8,703
5.3

8,346
5.2

8,860
5.4

8,936
5.5

8,866
5.4

8,583
5.3

8,865
5.4

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,974
9,820

6,695
10,154

7,052
9,794

–
9,688

–
9,700

–
9,794

–
9,947

–
10,013

–
9,675

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to people in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are people who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are people who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed people
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

June
2024

May
2025

June
2025

June
2024

Feb.
2025

Mar.
2025

Apr.
2025

May
2025

June
2025

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,849
800
319
479
6,049
1,139
4,880
3,784
1,658
1,245
881
1,085

7,237
866
329
531
6,371
1,283
5,053
3,880
1,558
1,250
1,073
1,194

7,015
905
318
607
6,110
1,270
4,833
3,635
1,432
1,241
961
1,184

4.1
12.3
12.7
11.9
3.7
7.5
3.3
3.5
4.4
3.3
2.7
2.8

4.1
12.9
16.0
11.1
3.8
8.3
3.4
3.5
4.4
3.3
2.7
2.9

4.2
13.7
15.3
12.8
3.8
7.5
3.3
3.5
4.0
3.2
3.2
2.9

4.2
13.0
14.4
12.0
3.8
8.2
3.4
3.5
4.2
3.2
3.0
3.1

4.2
13.4
14.5
12.7
3.9
8.2
3.4
3.6
4.1
3.3
3.2
3.0

4.1
14.4
14.0
15.1
3.7
8.2
3.3
3.3
3.8
3.2
2.9
3.0

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,694
433
150
280
3,261
627
2,578
1,990
849
658
483
588

3,906
523
202
310
3,383
706
2,646
2,012
849
612
551
634

3,886
507
155
370
3,378
731
2,617
1,961
809
614
538
657

4.1
13.2
12.4
13.3
3.8
8.0
3.3
3.5
4.3
3.3
2.8
2.8

4.2
14.1
17.8
12.2
3.8
9.8
3.3
3.4
4.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

4.2
14.2
14.2
14.0
3.8
8.4
3.3
3.5
4.4
3.0
3.1
2.9

4.4
15.0
13.8
15.2
4.0
9.6
3.4
3.5
4.3
3.1
3.0
3.2

4.3
15.8
17.5
14.5
3.9
8.8
3.3
3.5
4.2
3.0
3.2
3.0

4.3
15.8
14.1
17.2
3.9
9.0
3.3
3.4
4.0
3.0
3.1
3.1

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,155
367
169
199
2,788
512
2,302
1,794
809
588
397
514

3,331
343
127
221
2,989
577
2,407
1,868
708
638
522
548

3,129
397
163
237
2,732
538
2,216
1,674
623
628
423
545

4.0
11.3
12.9
10.2
3.7
7.0
3.4
3.6
4.6
3.4
2.6
2.9

4.1
11.7
14.2
9.9
3.8
6.7
3.5
3.6
4.6
3.5
2.6
3.0

4.1
13.3
16.4
11.5
3.7
6.6
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.3
2.9

4.0
10.7
15.0
8.7
3.7
6.8
3.3
3.5
4.1
3.2
3.1
2.9

4.2
10.9
11.4
10.8
3.9
7.6
3.5
3.6
4.0
3.6
3.3
3.0

3.9
13.0
13.9
12.6
3.6
7.2
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.5
2.7
3.0

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

913
877
653

1,079
982
629

1,062
967
551

1.9
2.3
6.2

2.1
2.5
5.7

2.1
2.5
5.8

2.3
2.3
5.2

2.3
2.6
5.9

2.2
2.5
5.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,555
1,220

5,882
1,317

5,572
1,394

4.0
4.2

4.1
4.4

4.1
4.5

4.2
4.1

4.2
4.4

4.0
4.7

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to people in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
people in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed people who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

June
2024

May
2025

Seasonally adjusted

June
2025

June
2024

Feb.
2025

Mar.
2025

Apr.
2025

May
2025

June
2025

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
People who completed temporary jobs. . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3,199
873
2,326
1,641
685
730
2,307
997

3,094
602
2,492
1,890
602
652
2,355
713

3,311
918
2,393
1,885
508
798
2,342
1,008

3,187
817
2,370
1,651
719
754
2,103
701

3,316
817
2,499
1,748
751
918
2,208
662

3,313
811
2,502
1,810
692
870
2,176
739

3,455
867
2,588
1,918
670
855
2,235
701

3,457
874
2,583
1,916
668
704
2,288
725

3,293
860
2,433
1,887
546
825
2,145
710

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

44.2
12.1
32.2
10.1
31.9
13.8

45.4
8.8
36.6
9.6
34.6
10.5

44.4
12.3
32.1
10.7
31.4
13.5

47.3
12.1
35.1
11.2
31.2
10.4

46.7
11.5
35.2
12.9
31.1
9.3

46.7
11.4
35.3
12.3
30.7
10.4

47.7
12.0
35.7
11.8
30.8
9.7

48.2
12.2
36.0
9.8
31.9
10.1

47.2
12.3
34.9
11.8
30.8
10.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

1.9
0.4
1.4
0.6

1.8
0.4
1.4
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.4
0.6

1.9
0.4
1.3
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.3
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.0
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.0
0.4
1.3
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.3
0.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

June
2024

May
2025

June
2025

Seasonally adjusted
June
2024

Feb.
2025

Mar.
2025

Apr.
2025

May
2025

June
2025

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,834
1,920
2,479
1,016
1,464

2,431
1,821
2,563
1,122
1,441

2,932
1,936
2,591
1,010
1,581

2,130
2,108
2,599
1,066
1,533

2,337
2,152
2,486
1,031
1,455

2,362
2,146
2,501
1,006
1,495

2,187
2,269
2,662
987
1,675

2,451
2,208
2,495
1,039
1,457

2,241
2,131
2,710
1,063
1,647

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19.3
7.5

22.6
9.7

21.5
7.9

20.7
9.8

21.3
10.0

22.8
9.8

23.2
10.4

21.8
9.5

23.0
10.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39.2
26.5
34.3
14.0
20.2

35.7
26.7
37.6
16.5
21.1

39.3
26.0
34.7
13.5
21.2

31.1
30.8
38.0
15.6
22.4

33.5
30.9
35.6
14.8
20.9

33.7
30.6
35.7
14.4
21.3

30.7
31.9
37.4
13.9
23.5

34.3
30.9
34.9
14.5
20.4

31.6
30.1
38.3
15.0
23.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed people by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

June
2024

June
2025

June
2024

June
2025

June
2024

June
2025

161,774
71,002

163,883
70,250

7,233
1,887

7,460
2,000

4.3
2.6

4.4
2.8

31,193
39,808
26,851
29,679
14,111
15,568

31,028
39,223
28,438
30,786
14,317
16,469

705
1,182
1,418
1,129
666
463

747
1,252
1,480
1,353
732
621

2.2
2.9
5.0
3.7
4.5
2.9

2.4
3.1
4.9
4.2
4.9
3.6

14,363
1,083
8,506
4,774

14,852
1,122
8,661
5,069

579
54
400
125

631
61
401
169

3.9
4.7
4.5
2.5

4.1
5.2
4.4
3.2

19,879
8,127
11,751

19,557
7,938
11,619

1,219
382
837

980
251
730

5.8
4.5
6.7

4.8
3.1
5.9

People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed people by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
people
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

June
2024

June
2025

June
2024

June
2025

7,233
5,173
7
345
469
278
191
988
378
147
274
738
823
743
263
77
631
356

7,460
5,367
10
364
544
334
211
1,001
328
103
245
724
924
896
228
97
691
296

4.3
3.9
1.3
3.3
3.1
2.8
3.6
5.1
4.5
5.9
2.7
3.7
3.1
5.2
3.9
4.3
2.9
3.5

4.4
3.9
1.9
3.4
3.6
3.4
4.0
5.0
3.9
4.0
2.3
3.6
3.4
6.4
3.2
5.7
3.2
2.9

People with no previous work experience and people whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2025 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2022 Census industry classification system, derived from the 2022 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No
historical data have been revised. Data for 2025 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 People unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and people who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other people marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all people
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all people
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all people marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

June
2024

May
2025

June
2025

June
2024

Feb.
2025

Mar.
2025

Apr.
2025

May
2025

June
2025

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.9

4.3

4.0

4.4

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.5

4.2

4.7

4.3

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.5

5.1

4.8

5.4

4.9

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

7.7

7.4

8.1

7.4

8.0

7.9

7.8

7.8

7.7

NOTE: People marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. People employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. People not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

June
2024

Men
June
2025

June
2024

Women
June
2025

June
2024

June
2025

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
People who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other people marginally attached to the labor force3. . . . .

99,431
5,655
1,548
369
1,179

102,242
6,455
1,862
654
1,208

40,974
2,850
941
238
703

42,202
3,106
1,064
464
600

58,457
2,805
607
131
476

60,041
3,349
798
190
608

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,194
5.1
4,714
1,999
367
1,064

8,703
5.3
5,053
2,186
447
965

3,893
4.5
2,438
675
195
565

4,216
4.8
2,568
800
293
534

4,302
5.7
2,276
1,324
172
499

4,487
5.9
2,485
1,386
154
430

1

Data refer to people who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of people who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

158,722
135,537
21,913

159,227
135,299
21,553

159,958
136,112
21,713

160,475
136,947
21,932

157,915
134,571
21,665

159,433
135,815
21,693

159,577
135,952
21,689

159,724
136,026
21,695

Change
from:
May2025 June2025p
147
74
6

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

627
38.5
588.2
123.8
195.2
43.4
45.4

622
37.4
584.1
121.7
190.7
41.0
44.5

623
37.3
585.9
122.4
193.6
41.3
44.3

624
38.4
585.6
122.8
194.7
41.1
44.3

623
38.9
583.7
123.2
192.3
43.4
45.0

626
39.5
586.0
122.6
191.7
41.1
44.5

623
39.1
583.6
122.8
191.8
41.0
44.3

621
38.9
581.6
122.3
191.8
41.1
44.0

-2
-0.2
-2.0
-0.5
0.0
0.1
-0.3

106.4
269.2

105.2
271.7

108.0
269.9

109.3
268.1

103.9
268.2

106.2
271.7

106.5
269.0

106.7
267.5

0.2
-1.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

8,378
1,886.6
955.8
930.8
1,195.4
5,296.1
2,461.7
2,834.4

8,214
1,854.9
946.8
908.1
1,162.6
5,196.7
2,365.0
2,831.7

8,352
1,880.6
960.3
920.3
1,203.4
5,268.1
2,393.3
2,874.8

8,492
1,910.5
970.6
939.9
1,215.9
5,365.8
2,440.7
2,925.1

8,203
1,857.6
942.8
914.8
1,148.7
5,196.5
2,407.5
2,789.0

8,303
1,876.4
956.9
919.5
1,173.8
5,253.0
2,391.6
2,861.4

8,309
1,883.6
959.0
924.6
1,174.4
5,250.9
2,384.4
2,866.5

8,324
1,882.7
958.5
924.2
1,171.6
5,269.3
2,390.4
2,878.9

15
-0.9
-0.5
-0.4
-2.8
18.4
6.0
12.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . .
Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communications equipment
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductor and other electronic
component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Navigational, measuring, electromedical,
and control instruments
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic
and optical media and audio and video
equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment, appliance, and
component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment manufacturing1. . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

12,908

12,717

12,738

12,816

12,839

12,764

12,757

12,750

-7

8,027
421.9

7,888
414.4

7,893
415.8

7,941
416.2

7,983
419.8

7,910
415.4

7,903
416.1

7,898
414.0

-5
-2.1

426.6
376.3
1,447.9
1,125.9

429.2
375.3
1,436.3
1,116.2

432.0
376.3
1,438.9
1,111.8

436.6
378.1
1,444.8
1,118.6

421.6
374.1
1,439.1
1,119.0

431.4
375.8
1,438.4
1,118.3

430.7
376.0
1,438.0
1,113.7

431.6
375.5
1,436.5
1,112.1

0.9
-0.5
-1.5
-1.6

1,035.3

1,002.8

1,003.9

1,007.0

1,029.9

1,007.2

1,006.8

1,001.9

-4.9

110.0

108.4

108.7

109.7

110.0

109.4

109.3

109.7

0.4

83.9

81.8

82.2

82.3

83.0

81.9

81.9

81.4

-0.5

397.3

376.6

376.2

378.6

394.8

378.5

377.5

376.2

-1.3

414.2

408.2

408.8

407.7

412.6

409.1

409.9

406.3

-3.6

29.9

27.8

28.0

28.7

29.5

28.2

28.1

28.4

0.3

415.0
1,815.0
1,029.3

404.4
1,759.8
999.4

406.1
1,756.7
998.6

409.6
1,769.9
1,003.4

413.5
1,810.4
1,026.4

406.0
1,765.8
999.3

406.8
1,765.0
1,000.3

407.9
1,766.5
999.8

1.1
1.5
-0.5

346.1
616.6

338.5
611.1

338.8
612.2

344.7
615.2

343.9
611.4

338.9
612.3

338.8
611.4

340.9
610.6

2.1
-0.8

4,881
1,769.5
86.9
100.6
84.9
354.1
357.5

4,829
1,758.9
85.1
98.6
83.3
355.8
350.9

4,845
1,764.9
85.0
99.2
83.1
353.7
350.7

4,875
1,773.1
85.1
99.4
83.3
357.9
351.7

4,856
1,768.6
86.9
100.7
83.9
354.5
356.9

4,854
1,772.8
85.2
98.6
83.2
356.6
351.2

4,854
1,776.0
85.1
99.0
82.6
355.5
350.9

4,852
1,772.9
85.0
99.4
82.4
357.8
351.2

-2
-3.1
-0.1
0.4
-0.2
2.3
0.3

112.4
901.6

107.1
900.4

107.7
902.4

109.1
907.2

109.7
897.7

107.2
901.8

106.0
902.2

106.5
903.1

0.5
0.9

731.8

718.6

721.0

720.1

726.7

719.1

718.8

715.4

-3.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

Seasonally adjusted
June
2025p

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Change
from:
May2025 June2025p

Nondurable goods - Continued
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied
product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

381.5

370.7

377.6

388.1

370.5

377.8

377.6

378.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

113,624

113,746

114,399

115,015

112,906

114,122

114,263

114,331

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28,914

28,848

28,949

29,079

28,926

29,099

29,103

29,106

0.5
68
3

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . .
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . .
Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . .

6,166.5
3,452.9
2,223.1
490.5

6,164.8
3,461.0
2,218.3
485.5

6,188.4
3,467.7
2,232.0
488.7

6,201.6
3,467.5
2,240.9
493.2

6,135.8
3,438.8
2,205.6
491.4

6,178.0
3,466.7
2,223.3
488.0

6,181.7
3,465.4
2,225.2
491.1

6,175.1
3,456.0
2,225.2
493.9

-6.6
-9.4
0.0
2.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire
retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden equipment
and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics,
and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. .
Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . .
General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and
other general merchandise retailers. . . .
Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . .
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and
jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument,
book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . .

15,557.3
2,062.2
1,292.7
177.0

15,464.0
2,061.1
1,296.0
164.5

15,507.8
2,066.7
1,299.3
165.9

15,606.3
2,074.9
1,303.7
167.4

15,537.4
2,050.1
1,289.0
168.1

15,590.5
2,062.3
1,297.5
163.8

15,583.4
2,063.4
1,299.5
160.7

15,585.8
2,063.1
1,300.1
159.3

2.4
-0.3
0.6
-1.4

592.5

600.6

601.5

603.8

593.0

601.0

603.3

603.8

0.5

1,460.3
3,228.6

1,420.0
3,226.1

1,433.6
3,230.9

1,447.6
3,251.9

1,408.4
3,222.9

1,393.6
3,246.5

1,389.5
3,245.3

1,396.2
3,245.9

6.7
0.6

787.3
400.7
386.6
3,235.4
991.9

785.6
404.5
381.1
3,255.5
988.0

778.8
400.4
378.4
3,258.4
980.8

774.9
397.6
377.3
3,275.9
987.4

799.9
405.1
394.7
3,266.2
1,014.1

795.3
407.6
387.7
3,302.7
1,014.8

793.9
405.7
388.1
3,304.4
1,013.4

789.6
403.4
386.2
3,304.5
1,011.8

-4.3
-2.3
-1.9
0.1
-1.6

2,243.5
1,083.6
1,066.2

2,267.5
1,080.1
1,051.1

2,277.6
1,075.9
1,055.3

2,288.5
1,085.6
1,061.2

2,252.1
1,091.8
1,053.9

2,287.9
1,089.9
1,057.1

2,291.0
1,086.5
1,055.2

2,292.7
1,093.3
1,050.0

1.7
6.8
-5.2

1,124.4

1,094.0

1,105.6

1,122.4

1,137.2

1,130.7

1,133.3

1,133.4

0.1

1,509.3

1,490.5

1,502.6

1,511.9

1,507.0

1,512.4

1,511.9

1,509.8

-2.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,595.4
570.6
156.6
74.0
1,531.1

6,626.0
578.1
153.9
69.0
1,510.7

6,655.0
580.9
153.5
72.8
1,523.1

6,668.8
580.1
153.5
75.2
1,533.1

6,661.2
566.0
156.6
71.4
1,518.2

6,734.5
577.9
153.8
70.2
1,525.3

6,739.0
580.3
153.8
71.1
1,523.6

6,746.5
575.9
153.9
71.9
1,520.9

7.5
-4.4
0.1
0.8
-2.7

462.8
55.5
38.4
835.8
1,043.6
1,827.0

503.3
60.0
28.0
846.7
1,056.9
1,819.4

504.3
59.9
37.2
847.2
1,068.2
1,807.9

483.5
60.8
44.7
844.5
1,085.7
1,807.7

473.1
55.5
31.1
839.5
1,097.9
1,851.9

489.6
59.8
33.2
850.9
1,136.8
1,837.0

489.7
59.7
34.4
848.6
1,143.5
1,834.3

493.7
60.6
36.5
848.1
1,148.3
1,836.7

4.0
0.9
2.1
-0.5
4.8
2.4

599.0

0.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

594.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computing infrastructure providers, data
processing, web hosting, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and
other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,967

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

593.6
2,920

598.1
2,934

602.2
2,961

591.9
2,953

595.6
2,939

598.4
2,944

2,947

3

412.6
919.3
342.2
624.9

404.5
912.2
335.1
601.5

416.1
912.8
334.6
603.7

425.9
925.9
334.3
607.9

402.0
914.6
342.4
623.1

411.2
919.1
335.1
604.9

412.7
919.0
334.5
605.5

415.1
919.9
334.0
606.3

2.4
0.9
-0.5
0.8

483.2

484.9

484.3

484.3

486.8

486.8

488.4

488.1

-0.3

184.3

182.1

182.6

182.9

183.9

182.3

184.1

183.1

-1.0

9,200
6,718.5
20.7

9,190
6,716.9
21.3

9,224
6,725.3
21.2

9,290
6,762.2
21.2

9,167
6,707.7
20.6

9,243
6,741.9
21.4

9,253
6,748.8
21.2

9,256
6,749.7
21.1

3
0.9
-0.1

2,570.2

2,551.5

2,556.3

2,563.8

2,564.8

2,556.2

2,558.4

2,557.6

-0.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Seasonally adjusted

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Change
from:
May2025 June2025p

1,787.1
1,378.8
505.5
277.6

1,769.7
1,359.5
506.7
275.1

1,772.6
1,359.5
507.0
276.7

1,783.7
1,367.4
505.7
274.4

1,782.4
1,375.8
504.8
277.6

1,773.7
1,362.2
507.7
274.8

1,776.4
1,362.6
506.6
275.4

1,778.6
1,364.1
505.2
273.8

2.2
1.5
-1.4
-1.6

1,120.8
3,006.8
2,481.5
1,871.5
587.4

1,129.2
3,014.9
2,472.6
1,865.9
583.8

1,130.7
3,017.1
2,498.2
1,876.5
598.6

1,148.0
3,029.2
2,527.8
1,888.6
616.0

1,118.3
3,004.0
2,459.5
1,863.7
573.5

1,138.0
3,026.3
2,501.1
1,882.1
595.9

1,141.2
3,028.0
2,503.8
1,881.7
599.0

1,144.6
3,026.4
2,505.9
1,881.3
601.6

3.4
-1.6
2.1
-0.4
2.6

23.0

-0.1

Credit intermediation and related Continued
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts, funds,
trusts, and other financial vehicles,
investments, and related activities. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
(except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping,
and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural, engineering, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, scientific, and technical
consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising, public relations, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services. . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

22.6

22.9

23.1

23.2

22.3

23.1

23.1

22,741

22,575

22,633

22,715

22,639

22,610

22,610

22,603

-7

10,844.8
1,202.3

10,886.1
1,188.2

10,830.9
1,191.7

10,869.4
1,211.2

10,830.3
1,191.8

10,863.4
1,195.7

10,860.7
1,197.2

10,853.3
1,200.0

-7.4
2.8

1,130.1

1,215.0

1,137.0

1,125.4

1,158.5

1,146.3

1,149.1

1,149.3

0.2

1,727.1
149.2

1,728.5
147.4

1,740.5
147.8

1,769.7
149.8

1,703.4
148.3

1,744.3
148.5

1,744.4
148.9

1,747.1
149.2

2.7
0.3

2,439.8

2,430.4

2,432.1

2,424.0

2,447.3

2,432.6

2,433.7

2,431.2

-2.5

1,863.9

1,871.3

1,873.5

1,876.0

1,863.8

1,880.1

1,879.1

1,876.4

-2.7

945.1

933.6

936.4

939.2

936.3

938.3

936.8

931.1

-5.7

500.2

490.7

490.4

491.5

497.5

491.4

489.9

489.2

-0.7

887.1
2,629.4

881.0
2,618.8

881.5
2,623.5

882.6
2,643.5

883.5
2,617.6

886.2
2,628.5

881.7
2,632.5

879.9
2,631.1

-1.8
-1.4

9,266.8
8,749.8
618.6
182.0
3,291.9
2,577.3
686.1

9,069.9
8,551.6
617.4
185.2
3,215.2
2,512.5
656.4

9,178.3
8,659.0
622.9
185.4
3,248.3
2,536.8
650.7

9,202.2
8,674.8
622.2
188.3
3,206.8
2,499.7
646.0

9,190.8
8,678.5
618.0
181.1
3,336.9
2,619.7
693.5

9,117.7
8,596.7
618.9
186.1
3,254.5
2,544.2
660.0

9,117.0
8,595.7
623.5
185.7
3,254.0
2,538.5
657.4

9,118.9
8,596.3
622.0
187.5
3,247.5
2,535.9
653.1

1.9
0.6
-1.5
1.8
-6.5
-2.6
-4.3

188.0
1,026.1
2,418.7
338.4

196.0
1,029.6
2,317.0
334.8

195.9
1,033.1
2,386.1
336.6

197.6
1,034.8
2,437.9
341.2

186.6
1,026.5
2,302.9
332.9

196.7
1,031.4
2,315.5
333.6

195.4
1,032.1
2,315.8
331.8

196.8
1,034.9
2,320.0
334.6

1.4
2.8
4.2
2.8

517.0

518.3

519.3

527.4

512.3

521.0

521.3

522.6

1.3

26,265
3,769.2
22,496.0
17,617.8
8,759.1
2,973.0
1,050.2
1,224.4
1,115.0
305.7
1,734.6

27,333
4,168.4
23,164.3
18,002.6
8,912.7
3,034.1
1,047.0
1,274.8
1,115.6
305.5
1,775.1

27,289
4,033.8
23,255.6
18,052.9
8,944.0
3,045.2
1,050.7
1,279.6
1,117.5
305.6
1,786.6

27,131
3,801.0
23,329.6
18,119.7
8,946.7
3,050.5
1,051.0
1,271.7
1,119.2
306.6
1,786.8

26,464
3,957.3
22,507.0
17,637.2
8,771.1
2,977.9
1,048.0
1,228.2
1,117.5
307.0
1,735.2

27,208
4,003.5
23,204.5
18,047.8
8,929.9
3,042.0
1,051.9
1,274.4
1,118.5
304.7
1,777.7

27,291
4,006.1
23,285.2
18,111.4
8,962.4
3,050.9
1,051.4
1,278.0
1,121.6
305.8
1,794.1

27,342
3,998.6
23,343.8
18,150.6
8,971.1
3,054.7
1,049.8
1,278.4
1,122.2
307.3
1,796.9

51
-7.5
58.6
39.2
8.7
3.8
-1.6
0.4
0.6
1.5
2.8

356.2
5,539.6

360.6
5,690.1

358.8
5,701.3

360.9
5,735.2

357.3
5,551.2

360.8
5,706.3

360.7
5,730.2

361.8
5,746.3

1.1
16.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Change
from:
May2025 June2025p

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential intellectual and
developmental disability, mental
health, and substance abuse
facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Continuing care retirement
communities and assisted living
facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Community food and housing, and
emergency and other relief services. . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,319.1
1,489.9

3,399.8
1,530.0

3,407.6
1,538.1

3,437.8
1,553.8

3,314.9
1,490.1

3,411.6
1,537.9

3,418.8
1,546.4

3,433.2
1,553.2

14.4
6.8

672.3

693.2

694.4

697.9

669.9

694.7

694.9

695.6

0.7

987.8
169.1
4,878.2
3,262.6

1,003.8
172.8
5,161.7
3,520.7

1,001.8
173.3
5,202.7
3,549.9

1,011.0
175.1
5,209.9
3,567.5

985.8
169.2
4,869.8
3,258.0

1,005.8
173.1
5,156.7
3,524.7

1,003.9
173.7
5,173.8
3,540.3

1,009.4
174.9
5,193.2
3,555.9

5.5
1.2
19.4
15.6

236.0
288.3
1,091.3

241.0
282.3
1,117.7

241.8
284.3
1,126.7

242.0
288.9
1,111.5

234.9
285.1
1,091.8

240.8
283.9
1,107.3

241.8
283.6
1,108.2

240.9
285.6
1,110.9

-0.9
2.0
2.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts, spectator sports, and
related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusement, gambling, and recreation
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

17,488
2,909.9

16,859
2,628.9

17,307
2,783.6

17,732
3,002.7

16,783
2,631.6

16,994
2,693.4

17,023
2,708.8

17,043
2,723.9

20
15.1

610.4

633.5

657.5

671.7

579.0

622.6

630.8

640.5

9.7

191.8

178.3

185.9

194.6

178.7

182.1

182.1

182.0

-0.1

2,107.7
14,578.2
2,039.8
12,538.4

1,817.1
14,229.8
1,907.6
12,322.2

1,940.2
14,523.5
1,968.0
12,555.5

2,136.4
14,729.4
2,054.9
12,674.5

1,873.9
14,151.8
1,927.2
12,224.6

1,888.7
14,300.4
1,948.9
12,351.5

1,895.9
14,314.2
1,949.8
12,364.4

1,901.4
14,319.4
1,948.5
12,370.9

5.5
5.2
-1.3
6.5

6,049
1,482.9
1,601.3

6,021
1,483.7
1,618.5

6,063
1,495.7
1,631.3

6,107
1,499.2
1,628.2

5,974
1,471.2
1,585.3

6,029
1,481.5
1,617.7

6,039
1,487.8
1,619.0

6,034
1,486.4
1,615.3

-5
-1.4
-3.7

Industry

Health care - Continued

1

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional,
and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,964.5

2,918.4

2,936.1

2,979.8

2,917.4

2,929.4

2,932.4

2,932.1

-0.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

23,185
3,001
2,396.5
604.2
5,171
2,316.1
2,854.6
15,013
8,025.5
6,987.2

23,928
2,977
2,372.9
604.2
5,671
2,785.7
2,884.9
15,280
8,482.2
6,797.7

23,846
2,947
2,356.9
590.2
5,510
2,616.2
2,894.2
15,389
8,491.0
6,898.4

23,528
2,939
2,349.7
588.8
5,315
2,394.8
2,919.8
15,274
8,170.0
7,104.4

23,344
3,000
2,392.2
608.0
5,429
2,591.3
2,837.5
14,915
8,117.2
6,797.8

23,618
2,978
2,378.5
599.2
5,526
2,632.7
2,893.1
15,114
8,234.1
6,880.1

23,625
2,953
2,360.9
592.3
5,533
2,636.3
2,896.7
15,139
8,242.0
6,896.5

23,698
2,946
2,352.8
592.9
5,580
2,676.6
2,903.6
15,172
8,265.2
6,906.9

73
-7
-8.1
0.6
47
40.3
6.9
33
23.2
10.4

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.3
40.0
44.6
39.3
40.2
40.5
39.5
33.2
33.8
39.0
29.6
38.0
42.2
36.6
37.5
36.4
33.0
25.4
32.2

34.3
39.8
44.9
39.0
40.1
40.6
39.3
33.3
34.1
39.3
29.9
38.5
42.0
37.1
37.6
36.5
32.9
25.6
31.9

34.3
39.8
44.9
39.0
40.1
40.6
39.3
33.2
34.0
39.1
29.7
38.4
42.2
36.8
37.7
36.5
32.8
25.7
31.9

34.2
39.8
44.6
38.9
40.1
40.6
39.3
33.1
33.9
39.0
29.6
38.3
42.0
36.6
37.7
36.4
32.7
25.5
31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

2.9
2.9
2.9

2.9
2.9
2.9

2.9
2.9
2.8

2.9
2.9
2.8

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$35.00
35.71
39.75
38.10
34.00
36.03
30.56
34.84
29.94
37.62
24.43
30.61
50.88
49.75
45.52
42.15
34.32
22.01
31.73

$36.08
36.84
40.11
39.32
35.09
37.23
31.48
35.90
30.76
38.50
25.28
31.32
51.86
51.81
47.15
43.76
35.22
22.70
32.43

$36.22
36.97
40.26
39.44
35.23
37.38
31.62
36.05
30.84
38.67
25.32
31.34
51.86
52.18
47.40
43.98
35.40
22.73
32.56

$36.30
37.01
40.31
39.59
35.19
37.28
31.67
36.13
30.87
38.73
25.34
31.35
52.06
52.66
47.43
44.18
35.35
22.78
32.73

$1,200.50
1,428.40
1,772.85
1,497.33
1,366.80
1,459.22
1,207.12
1,156.69
1,011.97
1,467.18
723.13
1,163.18
2,147.14
1,820.85
1,707.00
1,534.26
1,132.56
559.05
1,021.71

$1,237.54
1,466.23
1,800.94
1,533.48
1,407.11
1,511.54
1,237.16
1,195.47
1,048.92
1,513.05
755.87
1,205.82
2,178.12
1,922.15
1,772.84
1,597.24
1,158.74
581.12
1,034.52

$1,242.35
1,471.41
1,807.67
1,538.16
1,412.72
1,517.63
1,242.67
1,196.86
1,048.56
1,512.00
752.00
1,203.46
2,188.49
1,920.22
1,786.98
1,605.27
1,161.12
584.16
1,038.66

$1,241.46
1,473.00
1,797.83
1,540.05
1,411.12
1,513.57
1,244.63
1,195.90
1,046.49
1,510.47
750.06
1,200.71
2,186.52
1,927.36
1,788.11
1,608.15
1,155.95
580.89
1,040.81

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Percent
change
from:
May
2025 June
2025p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Private education and health services.. .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115.9
98.8
87.3
111.1
92.9
91.1
95.7
120.7
106.8
105.6
93.6
145.4
108.1
98.7
112.6
128.9
142.6
121.6
110.9

116.9
98.4
88.3
111.6
92.1
90.4
95.2
122.3
108.4
107.1
94.9
149.0
108.3
99.6
113.8
129.1
146.2
124.1
110.9

117.1
98.4
87.9
111.7
92.1
90.4
95.2
122.1
108.1
106.6
94.2
148.7
109.3
99.0
114.3
129.1
146.2
124.8
111.1

116.8
98.4
87.0
111.6
92.0
90.3
95.2
121.8
107.8
106.2
93.9
148.5
108.9
98.5
114.3
128.7
146.0
124.0
110.6

-0.3
0.0
-1.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.3
-0.1
-0.4
-0.5
0.0
-0.3
-0.1
-0.6
-0.5

1

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Percent
change
from:
May
2025 June
2025p

193.9
159.4
139.3
184.0
146.9
145.7
148.5
204.3
172.5
166.1
151.2
226.5
181.7
174.9
199.9
220.0
235.5
216.0
192.9

201.7
163.8
142.2
190.7
150.4
149.6
152.1
213.5
179.8
172.5
158.6
237.4
185.5
183.7
209.4
228.7
247.7
227.3
197.1

202.7
164.4
142.1
191.4
150.9
150.1
152.8
214.0
179.8
172.5
157.7
237.1
187.2
183.9
211.3
229.9
249.0
228.9
198.2

202.7
164.6
140.9
192.0
150.6
149.6
153.0
213.9
179.5
172.1
157.3
236.8
187.3
184.7
211.5
230.2
248.3
227.9
198.5

0.0
0.1
-0.8
0.3
-0.2
-0.3
0.1
0.0
-0.2
-0.2
-0.3
-0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
-0.3
-0.4
0.2

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

78,794
65,163
4,978
86
1,170
3,722
1,968
1,754
60,185
11,230
1,858.9
7,456.1
1,759.7
155.6
1,179
5,102
10,368
20,331
8,780
3,195
13,631

79,523
65,711
4,962
88
1,199
3,675
1,931
1,744
60,749
11,270
1,889.2
7,458.5
1,767.6
154.6
1,172
5,081
10,239
20,848
8,886
3,253
13,812

79,593
65,766
4,959
87
1,199
3,673
1,931
1,742
60,807
11,258
1,885.3
7,451.7
1,765.3
155.5
1,176
5,084
10,224
20,908
8,902
3,255
13,827

79,671
65,810
4,963
86
1,201
3,676
1,930
1,746
60,847
11,258
1,884.2
7,460.1
1,757.6
156.0
1,175
5,083
10,220
20,954
8,908
3,249
13,861

49.9
48.4
23.0
13.8
14.3
29.0
24.7
36.1
53.3
38.8
30.3
48.0
26.4
26.3
39.9
55.7
45.8
76.8
52.3
53.5
58.4

49.9
48.4
22.9
14.1
14.4
28.8
24.4
35.9
53.2
38.7
30.6
47.8
26.2
26.0
39.9
55.0
45.3
76.6
52.3
54.0
58.5

49.9
48.4
22.9
14.0
14.4
28.8
24.4
35.9
53.2
38.7
30.5
47.8
26.2
26.0
39.9
54.9
45.2
76.6
52.3
53.9
58.5

49.9
48.4
22.9
13.8
14.4
28.8
24.4
36.0
53.2
38.7
30.5
47.9
26.1
26.0
39.9
54.9
45.2
76.6
52.3
53.8
58.5

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

109,570
15,427
481
5,980
8,966
5,437
3,529
94,143
24,454
4,848.5
13,314.1
5,820.4
470.9
2,364
6,910
17,814
23,088
14,659
4,854

110,680
15,391
464
6,030
8,897
5,359
3,538
95,289
24,659
4,894.9
13,389.9
5,903.2
471.1
2,347
6,995
17,754
23,831
14,807
4,896

110,791
15,384
461
6,037
8,886
5,346
3,540
95,407
24,655
4,902.2
13,375.6
5,904.1
473.5
2,351
7,006
17,753
23,903
14,835
4,904

110,852
15,361
456
6,042
8,863
5,340
3,523
95,491
24,658
4,897.9
13,382.9
5,902.2
474.6
2,350
7,012
17,755
23,961
14,855
4,900

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.7
40.7
47.2
40.0
40.8
41.0
40.5
32.6
34.0
39.1
30.3
37.5
42.7
35.7
37.0
36.4
32.1
24.1
31.2

33.7
40.7
45.3
40.0
40.9
41.1
40.6
32.5
34.2
39.2
30.4
38.2
42.2
35.8
37.3
36.4
31.8
24.1
30.9

33.7
40.7
44.7
39.9
41.0
41.3
40.6
32.5
34.1
39.1
30.3
38.1
42.4
35.7
37.3
36.3
31.8
24.2
30.9

33.5
40.6
45.3
39.6
41.0
41.3
40.7
32.4
34.1
39.2
30.2
37.9
42.5
35.5
37.2
36.2
31.6
24.0
30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.6
3.6
3.7

3.6
3.6
3.7

3.7
3.7
3.7

3.7
3.7
3.6

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$30.07
31.03
36.26
35.56
27.74
29.25
25.39
29.87
26.02
31.22
20.92
29.16
45.26
40.74
35.71
35.46
31.48
19.53
27.45

$31.05
32.22
37.36
36.96
28.78
30.36
26.35
30.81
26.59
31.91
21.37
29.80
45.74
42.38
37.00
36.90
32.47
20.07
28.31

$31.15
32.31
37.51
37.08
28.87
30.47
26.42
30.92
26.64
32.02
21.40
29.79
45.58
42.56
37.24
37.07
32.58
20.12
28.44

$31.24
32.36
37.67
37.20
28.87
30.47
26.41
31.01
26.71
32.11
21.43
29.87
45.93
42.73
37.33
37.23
32.62
20.20
28.56

$1,013.36
1,262.92
1,711.47
1,422.40
1,131.79
1,199.25
1,028.30
973.76
884.68
1,220.70
633.88
1,093.50
1,932.60
1,454.42
1,321.27
1,290.74
1,010.51
470.67
856.44

$1,046.39
1,311.35
1,692.41
1,478.40
1,177.10
1,247.80
1,069.81
1,001.33
909.38
1,250.87
649.65
1,138.36
1,930.23
1,517.20
1,380.10
1,343.16
1,032.55
483.69
874.78

$1,049.76
1,315.02
1,676.70
1,479.49
1,183.67
1,258.41
1,072.65
1,004.90
908.42
1,251.98
648.42
1,135.00
1,932.59
1,519.39
1,389.05
1,345.64
1,036.04
486.90
878.80

$1,046.54
1,313.82
1,706.45
1,473.12
1,183.67
1,258.41
1,074.89
1,004.72
910.81
1,258.71
647.19
1,132.07
1,952.03
1,516.92
1,388.68
1,347.73
1,030.79
484.80
879.65

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Percent
change
from:
May
2025 June
2025p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Private education and health services.. .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123.0
95.9
120.6
119.8
84.0
83.7
84.2
130.8
116.4
112.5
102.3
165.2
102.8
96.3
120.3
144.8
158.0
129.4
106.2

124.3
95.7
111.7
120.8
83.5
82.7
84.6
131.9
118.1
113.9
103.2
170.7
101.6
95.9
122.8
144.3
161.6
130.7
106.1

124.4
95.7
109.5
120.6
83.6
82.9
84.7
132.1
117.7
113.8
102.8
170.2
102.6
95.8
123.0
143.9
162.1
131.5
106.3

123.7
95.3
109.8
119.8
83.4
82.9
84.5
131.8
117.7
113.9
102.5
169.3
103.1
95.2
122.8
143.5
161.4
130.6
105.8

-0.6
-0.4
0.3
-0.7
-0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
0.1
-0.3
-0.5
0.5
-0.6
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.7
-0.5

1

June
2024

Apr.
2025

May
2025p

June
2025p

Percent
change
from:
May
2025 June
2025p

247.3
182.3
254.4
230.0
152.3
152.9
151.1
267.9
216.4
207.3
183.5
306.6
194.2
194.3
264.4
305.3
328.3
287.0
212.4

257.9
188.9
242.7
241.0
157.2
156.8
157.6
278.8
224.3
214.5
189.1
323.7
194.0
201.2
279.5
316.6
346.3
297.9
218.9

259.0
189.3
238.9
241.5
157.9
157.8
158.1
280.2
224.1
215.0
188.6
322.8
195.3
201.8
281.8
317.2
348.5
300.5
220.2

258.4
188.8
240.5
240.6
157.5
157.6
157.7
280.4
224.7
215.9
188.3
321.9
197.7
201.4
282.0
317.7
347.6
299.6
220.3

-0.2
-0.3
0.7
-0.4
-0.3
-0.1
-0.3
0.1
0.3
0.4
-0.2
-0.3
1.2
-0.2
0.1
0.2
-0.3
-0.3
0.0

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2024 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.