Full text of The Employment Situation : July 1989

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Bureau of Labor Statistics
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United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 89-382
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EDT>r FRIDAY,
AUGUST 4, 1989

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JULY 1989
Payroll employment continued to increase in July and unerrployment was little
changed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S. Department of Labor reported
today. Both the overall jobless rate and that for civilian workers were 5.2
percent.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the survey of business
establishments, rose by 170,000. Jobs in the private sector (excluding
government) increased by 195,000. Total civilian employment, as measured by the
survey of households, showed little change over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons, 6.5 million, and the civilian worker
unemployment rate, 5.2 percent, were virtually unchanged in July, after seasonal
adjustment. In fact, the civilian worker rate has been either 5.2 or 5.3 percent
for 4 consecutive months. Jobless rates for adult men (4.3 percent), adult women
(5.0 percent), and whites (4.6 percent) held steady from the previous month.
There was a small decline among teenagers (to 14.7 percent). The rate for
Hispanic workers (9.0 percent) rose, while that for black workers (10.9 percent)
showed a decrease, largely because the quite volatile rate for black teenagers
(27.4 percent) fell markedly. (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
The number of persons working part time for economic reasons—sometlines
referred to as the partially unemployed—was at a seasonally adjusted level of 4*8
million in July. This series has been trending down over the past year. (See
table A-4.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total civilian employment was essentially unchanged in July at a seasonally
adjusted level of 117.5 million. The proportion of the working-age population
that is employed (the employment-population ratio) was 63.0 percent, about where
it has been for the past 7 months. Civilian employment has grown by 2.4 million
over the past year. (See table A-2.)




-2Table A. Major indicators of labor market a c t i v i t y , seasonilibv^wfcinstiMi

Quarterly
averages

Category

Monthly data

1989

I

1

HOUSEBOID DATA

1989
May

II

1 June

Uuly
Ichanqe
! July 1

Thousands of persons
124,9791
118,5881
123,291;
116,900!
6,391;
62,482!
8551

Total employment ,1/.
Civilian labor force..
Civilian employment.
Not in labor force....
Discouraged workers.

125,4641
118,964;
123,7901
117,2891
6,501;
62,3881
869!

125,283; 125,768
118,888; 119,207
123,610; 124,102
117,215; 117,541
6,395;
6,561
62,571! 62,228
N.A. I
N.A.

125,6221
119,125!
123,9561
117,4591
6,497!
62,527;
N.A.!

-146
- 82
-146
- 82
- 64
299
N.A.

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers 1/
All civilian workers
Adult raen

5.1:
5.2!
4.5;
4.6!
15.0!
4.4
11.6,
7.2,

White
Black
Hispanic origin...
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

5.2;
5.3!
4.41
4.8;
15.1!
4.5!
11.2!
8.1!

5.11
5.21
4.3;
4.8!
15.21
4.4;
11.0:
7.9!

5.2
5.3
4.3
4.9
15.6
4.5
11.9
8.1

5.2!
0
5.2: -o.i
4.3!
0
5.0:
.1
14.7! - .9
4.6!
.1
10.9! -1.0
9.0;
.9

Thousands of jobs

Nonfarm enployment....

107,680iplOS,324! 108,310;pl08,560:plO8,7291 pl69
25,634; p25,665; 25,672! p25,651! p25,680! p29
Service-producing... . 82,047; p82,659; 82,638! p82,909: p83,049; p!40
Hours of work

Average weekly hours:
:

34.7!
41.1!
3.9;

P34.71

p41.1!
p3.s:

1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
N.A.=not available.




34.61
41.0:
3.8;

p34.6; p34.9I p0.3
p41.01
p41.0; p 0
p3.8;
a
P 3.9: p

p=preliminary.

-3-

The civilian labor force, at 124.0 million, and the labor force participation
rater 66.5 percent, were also about unchanged from the previous month. Over the
past year, the civilian labor force has risen by 2.4 million, as the number of
adult women and men in the labor force expanded by 1.6 million and 1.0 million,
respectively, while the number of teenagers—a declining population group—fell by
270,000. (See table A-2.)
Industry Payrol1 Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonagricultural payroll employment rose by 170,000 in July to a level
of 108.7 million, seasonally adjusted. Private sector employment rose by 195,000.
Over the past year, payroll jobs have increased by 2.9 million. (See table B-l.)
In the goods-producing sector, job growth was confined to the construction
industry, where employment rose by about 35,000 in July, after being about
unchanged during the prior 2 months. Mining employment was down for the second
month in a row, due to labor-management disputes.
In manufacturing, employment held steady in July, following 3 consecutive
months of decline. Increases in nondurable goods, particularly in food
processing, were offset by decreases in durable goods industries. The durable
goods sector has lost 55,000 jobs over the past 4 months, thus reversing much of
the job growth that occurred in late 1988 and early 1989. Employment in the auto
industry dropped sharply for the second straight month, losing over 10,000 jobs in
July, as companies continued to slow production because of large inventories and
slow sales. Employment in the electrical equipment industry continued its
downward trend. The machinery industry, however, showed a small increase.
In the service-producing sector, jobs in the services industry grew by a
modest 75,000, following a gain of 210,000 in the prior month. The health
services component rose by 30,000, while business services was about unchanged.
Retail trade rose by 50,000 over the month, with the largest increases occurring
in food stores and eating and drinking places. The transportation industry
continued to exhibit strength, with an addition of 25,000 jobs. Bnployment in
finance, insurance, and real estate rose by 10,000 in July. Little employment
growth occurred in wholesale trade. Recent employment growth in this industry has
been at a much slower pace than earlier in the year.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls increased 0.3 hour to 34.9 hours, seasonally adjusted.
The manufacturing workweek held at 41.0 hours, while factory overtime, at 3.9
hours, was up 0.1 hour. (See table B-2.)




-4Mainly reflecting the increase in the workweek, the index of aggregate weekly
hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls
increased by 1.1 percent to 129.4 U977=100), after seasonal adjustment. The
index for manufacturing rose slightly over the month to 96.5. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers
increased 0.8 percent in July, seasonally adjusted, while average weekly earnings
climbed by 1.7 percent. The large increase in hourly earnings followed 2 months
of very small changes. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings
increased by 5 cents to $9.63 and average weekly earnings jumped $4.63 to $338.01.
Over the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings increased
by 4.2 percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.)

The Employment Situation for August 1989 will be releasd on Friday,
September 1, at 8:30 A.M. (EOT).




Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from t\*o major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
' survey of about 55.800 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics IBLSU
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by Bt s in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300.000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data foi a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which m3y or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.

that lime; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The tabor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:

Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance* if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at

— Tht household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each indi'viduat is counied only once; in lhe establishment survey, employees working ai
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counied separately for each appearance.




— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger sepmeni of the population; ihe establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family worker*, private household workers, and

- The household sur\e includes people i
rmployed; the establish m e n urvey does nol;
— The household survey is limited lo if
establishment survey is not limned by age;

unpaid U'ati- among I he

• I f years of ape and older; the

Other differences between the two surveys are described-in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys/' which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Hot: a use these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
paticrn each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting (he statistics from month to monih.
These adjusiments make nonscasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier 10 spot. To return 10 (he
schoolVout example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level ol economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect ol" students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted 10 allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as ape and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. AM these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by Bis, For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus (he resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonally), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; (he total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for 6
months, along with the introduction of new benchmarks, which are
discussed at the end of the next section, and again with the release
of data for October. In both surveys, revisions to data published
over the previous 5 years are made once a year.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances arc approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of lOf) that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 limes the standard error from the
results of a complete census. Ai approximately the 90-pcrccnt
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by HIS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the ordet of plus or minus 358.000; for total
unemployment ii is 224,000. and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would1 not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthty surveys are reduced when the
data arc cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the si/c of the tabor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate ol the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other v ords, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over lime, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-io-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BI s regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS It is available for $8.50 per issue or $25.00 per year fromthe U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
{Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted'

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex

July
1988

July
1989

June
1989

Noninstitutional population
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed*
Employment-population ratio4.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force

Apr. ! May > June
1989 ; 1989 ; 1989

:

July
1989

I

TOTAL
2

Mar.
1989

July
1988

186,402
125,561
67.4
118,739
63.7
1,673
117,066
3,541
113,524
6,823
5.4
60,841

187,995
127,235
67.7
120,385
64.0
1,666
118,719
3,494
115,226
6,850
5.4
60,760

188,149
127,904
68.0
121,168
64.4
1,666
119,502
3,713
115,789
6,736
5.3
60,245

186,402
123,331
66.2
116,707
62.6
1,673
115,034
3,060
111,974
6,624
5.4
63,071

187,581
124,948
66.6
118,820
63.3
1,684
117,136
3,206
113,930
6,128
4.9
62,633

187,708
125,343
66.8
118,797
63.3
1,684
117,113
3,104
114,009
6,546
5.2
62,365

187,854
125,283
66.7
118,888
63.3
1,673
117,215
3,112
114,102
6,395
5.1
62,571

89,445
70,205
78.5
66,676
74.5
1,512
65,164
3,529
5.0

90,237
70,714
78.4
67,230
74.5
1,501
65,729
3,484
4.9

90,315
71,072
78.7
67,764
75.0
1,499
66,265
3,308
4.7

89,445
68,461
76.5
64,941
72.6
1,512
63,429
3,520
5.1

90,032
69,190
76.9
65,920
73.2
1,521
64,399
3,270
4.7

90,094
69,360
77.0
65,767
73.0
1,521
64,246
3,593
5.2

90,167
69,114
76.7
65,713
72.9
1,511
64,202
3,401
4.9

90.237
69,507
77.0
66,110
73.3
1,501
64,609
3,397
4.9

90,315
69,245
76.7
65,961
73.0
1,499
64,462
3,284
4.7

96,957
55,356
57.1
52,063
53.7
161
51,902
3,294
3,294
6.0

97,758
56,521
57.8
53,155
54.4
165
52,990
3,365
6.0

97,834
56,832
58.1
53,404
54.6
167
53,237
3,428
6.0

96,957
54,870
56.6
51,766
53.4
161
51,605
3,104
5.7

97,550
55,758
57.2
52,900
54.2
163
52,737
2,858
5.1

97,614
55,983
57.4
53,029
54.3
163
52,866
2,953
5.3

97,687
56,169
.57.5
53,175
54.4
162
53,013
2,994
5.3

97,758
56,261
57.6
53,097
54.3
165
52,932
3,164
5.6

97,834
56,377
57.6
53,164
54.3
167
52,997
3,213
5.7

187,995 188,149
125,768 !125,622
66.8
66.9
119,207 119,125
63.3
63.4
1,666 ! 1,666
117,541 117,459
3,219
3,096
114,445 114,240
6.497
6,561
5.2
5.2
62,228 62,527

Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed ....:
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.




3

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
4

5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilfan population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
i

Seasonally adjusted'

Not seasonally adjusted

Employment status, sex, and age
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989

July
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

184,729 186,329
123,888 I 125,569
67.4
67.1
117,066 ; 118,719
63.7
63.4
j 6,823
6,850
5.5
5.5

186,483
126,238
67.7
119,502
64.1
6,736
5.3

184,729 185,897 186,024 I 186,181 I 186,329 j 186,483
121,658 123,264 123,659 123,610 124,102 ! 123,956
66.6 j
66.5
66.4
66.5
65.9
66.3
115,034 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541 j 117,459
63.1
|
63.0
63.0
63.0
62.3
63.0
6,561 | 6,497
6,395
6,546
6,624
6,128
5.3 !
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.0
I

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

80,608
63,320
78.6
60,622
75.2
2,454
58,168
2,697
4.3

81,592
64,325
78.8
61,688
75.6
2,439
59,249
2,636
4.1

81,679
64,325
78.8
61,710
75.6
2,546
59,165
2,614
4.1

80,608
62,729
77.8
59,897
74.3
2,252
57,645
2,832
4.5

81,333
63,557
78.1
60,869
74.8
2,317
58,552
2,688
4.2

81,413
63,709
78.3
60,757
74.6
2,252
58,505
2,952
4.6

81,524
63,503
77.9
60,798
74.6
2,284
58,514
2,705
4.3

81,592
63,831
78.2
61,093
74.9
2,256
58,837
2,737
4.3

81.679
63,656
77.9
60,921
74.6
2,342
58.579
2,734
4.3

89,588
I 50,426
56,3
I 47,783
53.3
650
47,133
j 2,643
i
5.2

90,526
51,918
57.4
49,392
54.6
684
48,708
2,526
4.9

90,607
52,038
57.4
49,326
54.4
743
48,583
2,712
5.2

89,588
50.807
56.7
48,242
53.8
549
47,693
2,565
5.0

90,242
51,851
57,5
49,484
54.8
664
48,819
2,367
4.6

90,318
51,992
57.6
49,544
54.9
615
48,929
2,448
4.7

90,432
52,171
57.7
49,690
54.9
628
49,062
2,480
'4.8

90,526
52,231
57.7
49,661
54.9
610
49,051
2,570
4.9

90,607
52.463
57.9
49,850
55.0
627
49,223
2,613
5.0

i 14,533
| 10,143
i
69.8
8,661
59.6
-I
438
8,223
1,482
14.6 ;

14,211
9,326
65.6
7,639
53.8
371
7,268
1,687
18.1

14,533

14 323

14,293
7,958
55.7
6,812
All
237
6,575
1,146
14.4

14,224
7,936
55.8
6,726
47.3
200
6,526
1,210
15.2

14,211
8,040
56.6
6,786
47.8
230
6,556
1,254
15.6

14,196
7,837
55.2
6,687
47.1
249
6,438
1,150
14.7

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
;
Employment-population ratio2.
Agriculture
Nonagriculturaf industries .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 tc 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
:

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




9,875 i
69.6 I
8,465
59.6
425
8,041
1,410
14.3 |

8,122
55.9 I
6,895
47.4
259
6,636
1,227
15.1

7,856 i
54,9
6,783
47.4
224
6,559
1,073
13.7

2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
1

Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

WHITE

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
July
1988

July
1989

June
1989

July
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

May
1989

July
1989

June
1989

|

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate

158,279
106,331
67.2
101,432
1
64.1
I 4,949
4.7

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

159,297 159,400 j 158,279 | 159,020
107,762 ; 108,113 f 104,651 .105,988
66.1
67.6 i
67.8
66.7
102,869 103,215
99,761 101,554
64.6
63.0
64.8
63.9
4,893
4,890
4,898
4,434
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.2

55,985
79.3
54,035
76.5
1,950
3.5

55,196
78.9
53,182
76.1
2,014
3.6

55,922
79.1
53,983
76.4
1,939
3.5

54,712
78.2
52,557
75.2
2,155
3.9

55,382
78.6
53,387
75.8
1,995
3.6

159,098 i 159,200 159,297 ; 159,400
106,312 ! 106,164 106,455 \ 106,424
66.8 I
66.7 |
66.8 j
66.8
101,458 101,465 101,693 j 101,581
63.8
63.7
63.8 j
63.7
4,854
4,699
4,762 j 4,843
4.6
4.4
4.5 I
4.6

55,448
78.7
53,246
75.5
2,202
4.0

55,249
78.3
53,248
75.5
2,001
3.6

55,437
78.4
53,343
75.5
2,094
3.8

55,557
78.7
53,500
75.8
2,057
3.7

I

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

42,568
55.7
40,671
53.2
1,897
4.5

43,847
56.9
42,067
54.6
1,780
4.1

43,869
56.8
41,902
54.3
1.967
4.5

42.958
56.2
41,124
53.8
1,834
4.3

43,780
56.9
42.115
54.7
1,665
3.8

44,016
57.2
42,207
54.8
1,810
4.1

44,084
57.2
42,282
54.9
1,803
4.1

44,050
57.1
42,236
54.8
1,814
4.1

44,302
57.4
42,411
55.0
1,891
4.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
s

8,617
72.6
7,579
63.9
1,038
12.0
12.9
11.1

7,931
68.6
6,768
58.5
1,163
14.7
14.4
15.0

8,322
72.1
7,330
63.5
992
11.9
11.3
12.6

6,981
58.9
6,080
51.3
901
12.9
14.3
11.4

6,826
58.7
6,052
52.1
774
11.3
12.3
10.2

6,848
59.0
6,005
51.8
843
12.3
13.1
11.5

6,831
59.0
5,936
51.3
895
13.1
14.8
11.2

6.848
59.2
5.957
51.5
891
13.0
13.4
12.6

6,685
57.9
5,827
50.5
858
12.8
12.4
13.4

20,715
13,700
66.1
12,031
58.1
1,669
12.2

21,012
13,751
65.4
12,023
57.2
1,728
12.6

21,038
13,978
66.4
12,364
58.8
1,614
11.5

20,715
13.283
64.1
11,761
56.8
1,522
11.5

20,930
13,425
64.1
11,961
57.1
1,464
10.9

20,956
13,287
63.4
11,846
56.5
1,442
10.8

20,986
13,444
64.1
11.968
57.0
1,476
11.0

21.012
13,600
64.7
11,982
57.0
1,618
11.9

21,038
13,555
64.4
12,082
57.4
1,473
10.9

6,240

6,286

74.6
5,653 |
67.6 i

75.1
5,708
68.2
578
9.2

6,080
73.9
5,495
66.8
585
9.6

6,230
74.8
5,620
67.5
611
9.8

6,171
74.0
5,554
66.6
617
10.0

6,207
74.3
5,622
67.3
586
9.4

6,200
74.1
5.619 |
67.2
581
9.4

6,205
74.1
5.629
67.2
576
9.3

6,286
61.0
5,640
54.7
646
10.3

6,315
60.5
5,739
55.0
576
9.1

6,227
59.6 j
5,677 j
54.3
550
8.8

6,340
60.6
5,740
54.9
600
9.5

6,405
61.2
5,732
54.7 i
674 i
10.5 |

6,394
61.0
5,759
54.9
635
9.9

917
42.0
626
287
291
31.7
31.2
32.4

880
40.5
602
27.7
278
31.6
28.6
34.8

897
41.3
606
27.9
291
32.4
36.9
28.4

994 |
45.7
631
29.0
363
36.5
33.5
40.2

956
44.0
694
31.9
262
27.4
22.1
33.1

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 ,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

I

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
See footnotes at end of table.




6,161
74.9
5,569
-67.7
592
9.6

' 588 j
9.4 •

6,284 I
61.0
5,616
54.5 I
668 j
10.6

6,343 ;
60.6
5,680 !
54.2
663 ;
10.5 -

6,400
61.0
5,742
54.7
658
10.3

1,254
57.4
846
38.7
409
32.6
32.3
32.9

1,168 i
53.7
690
31.7
478
40.9
36.4
46.4

1,291
59.4
913
42.0
378
29.3
25.5
33.6

i
|
: .|
:
|
I
; ;

|
i
'
!

889
40.9
615
28.3
274
30.8
35.5
26.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

July
1988

I June
I 1989

July
1989

July
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

13,344
9,133
68.4
8.396
62.9
737
8.1

j 13,772
i 9,404
|
68.3
! 8,643
S 62.8
j
761
|
8.1

13,813
9t558
69.2
8,707
63.0
851
8.9

13,344
. 8,997
67.4
8,265
61.9
732
8.1

13,649

13,690
9,262
67.7
8.495
62.1
767
8.3

13,731
9,428
68.7
8,686
63.3
742
7.9

13,772
9,272
67.3
8,524
61.9
748

13,813
9,433
68.3
8,587
62.2
846
9.0

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9.21CT
• 67.5
8,607

63.1
603
6.5

8.1

J_
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
June
1989

July
1988

Seasonally adjusted

j

Category

Apr
1989

May
1989

June
1989

115,034 117,136
40,518
41,083
28,669 | 29,569
6,170 | 6,256

117,113
40,890
29,656
6,243

117.215
40,902
29,739
6,331

117.541
41,102
29,481
6,403

117,459
41,089
29,552
6,456

July
1988

July
1989

Mar.
1989

!

July
1989

i

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

117,066 118,719
40,657
41,225
28,138
29,245
6,127 I 6,320

119,502
41,253
26,961
6,404

1,853
1,482
207

1.818
1,504
172

1,982
1,556
175

1,572
1,362
149

1,656
1,403
138

1,554
1,419
124

1,610
1,358
127

1,550
1,412
126

1.695
1,434
126

104,659
16,433
88,226
1,251
86,975
8,605
259

106,357
16,881
89.476
1,220
88,256
8,613
255

106.868
16,888
89,981
1,207
88,774
8,675
245

103,189
17,031
86,158
1,132
85,026
8,531
251

104,982
17,382
87,600
1,163
86,437
8,645
332

104,985
17,180
87,806
1,117
86,689
8,671
281

105,245
17,230
88,015
1,128
86,887
B.516
322

105,519
17.261
88,259
1,140
87.118
8,570
241

105,321
17,519
87,803
1,093
86,710
8,606
239

5,341
5,500
2,471
2.299
2,788
2,538
12,882 I 15,026
I

4,968
2,232
2,393
15.561

5,143
2,373
2,425
15,498

4,837
2,296
2,343
15,316

4,957
2,318
2,289
15,416

4,750
2.311
2,138
15.652

4,930
4,609
2,243 j 2,102
2,301
2,369
15,060
14,976

4,801
2,190
2,236
14,977

4,505
2.185
2,057
15.219

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonaghcultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work .
Voluntary part time
Nonagriculturai industries:
Part time for economic reasons .
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
1

1

i
j

6,141
5,413
2,450
2,223
2,713
3,309
12,357 | 13,736

I
•

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey




5,102
4,709
5,199
2,334
2,048
2,161
2,317
2.647
2,493
12^419 j 14^606 \ 15,127

5,869
5.199
2,292
2,105
j 3,214 I 2,625
"„..;..!....; 11,911 i 13^40

i

!
•

-

'

!
'

'

'

-

-

period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly data

Quarterly averages
Measure

1989

1988

JY_

lit

1989 _

I

May

; June

July

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force

1.3 |

1.3 !

1.2 ;

1.1 i

1.1 i

U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.5 j

2.5 j

2.5 I

2.4

!

2.3 j

U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force

4.2

4.2

4.1

f
j

4.0

4.0

5.1

5.1

5.0

4.9

4.9

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including the resident Armed Forces

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.2

5.1

5.2

|

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force .

5.5

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.3

I 5.2

U*6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1 / 2 part-time jobseekers plus
1 / 2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.2

7.2

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers
plus 1/2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

8.3

8.4

8.2

7.9

7.9

N.A.

N.A.

! N.A.

O4

1.1 |

1.0

2.2 !

2.2

4.0

4.0

1.2
2.4

4.0

;

j

Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

4.8

S

4.9

4.8

5.2

N.A. = not available.
Table A-6. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Category

|

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989

July
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

6,497
3,284
2,734
3,213
2,613
1,150

5.4
5.3
4.5
5.7
5.0
15.1

5.0
4.8
4.2
5.1
4.6
13.7

5.3
5.3
4.6
5.3
4.7
14.4

5.2
5.0
4.3
5.3
4.8
15.2

5.3
5.0
4.3
5.6
4.9
15.6

5.2
4.8
4.3
5.7
5.0
14.7

1,207

3.1
4.0
8.5

2.9
3.5
7.9

3.2
4.0
7.6

2.9
3.8
8.3

2.8
3.8
7.9

2.9
3.8
8.7

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and o v e r .
Women, 20 years and o v e r .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

6,624
3,520
2,832
3,104 j
2,565

1,227

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present .
Women who maintain families

1,280

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost 2 .

6,561
3,397
2,737
3,164
2,570
1,254
1,196
1,177

549

1,163
617

5,215
1,419

5,131
1,413

5,218
1,320

5.0
8.0
6.4

4.8
6.2
5.8

5.0
7.2
6.0

4.8
6.9
5.9

4.8
77
6.1

4.9
7.2
6.0

4,961
1,841
42

4,971
1,827
27
647
1,154
600
554

5,028
1,817
39
670

5.4
6.3
5.4
10.4
5.2
4.9
5.6
5.0
3.6
6.2
4.5
3.0
11J0

5.0
5.8
7.0
9.4
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.9
5.6
4.1
2.6
8.9

5.4
6.0
5.6
9.7
4.9
4.7
5.2
5.1
4.0
5.9
4.8
2.7
10.5

5.2
5.8
4.5
9.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.5
4.7
2.9
10.3

5.3
6.2
3.7
10.0
5.2
4.6
6.1
4.9
4.4
6.0
4.3
3.0
11.0

5.4
6.25.5
10.5
5.0
4.7
5.5
5.0
4.2
6.2
4.4
2.8
8.5

1,190
571

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

649
1,150

641
509
3,120
231

1,419
1,470
523

194

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for




3,145
284
1,423

1,438
528
192

!
'
|

609!
[

499|
3,211|

273!
1.4601
1.477J
511!
157|

economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor 1orce hours

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
July
1988

June

July

1989

1989

July
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

June
1989

May
1989

July
1989

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks

3,164

5 to 14 weeks

2,186

15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

1,473
665
788

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

12.7

Median duration, in weeks

3,905
1,701
1.243

3,338
2,070
".,328

2,985
2.041
1,619

3.055
1,821
1.310

3,090
2.034
1,426

3,041
2.017
1,313

3.309
1,999
1.258

3.M9
1.927
1.472

644
599

712
616

826
793

648

689
737

702
611

659
599

846
626

10.5

11.2

13.5

11.8

11.1

12.C

5.1

G.2

124
5.4

12.7 •

4.4

100.0
57.0
24.8
18.2

100.0
49.5
30.7
19.7
10.6

100.0
44.9
30.7
24.4
12.4
11.9

663 :

5.4

5.3

5.5

5.6

100.0
47.2
31.1
21.8
10.5
11.3

100.0
47.7
31.7
20.6
11.0

100.0
50.4
30.4
19.2
10.0

100.0
48.1
29.4
22.5
12.9

9.6

9.1

9.6

5.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

:
•
I

100.0
46.4
32.0
21.6
10.0
11.5

9.4
8.7

9.1

100.0
49.4
29.4 ;
21.2 '
10.5
10.7

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reasons
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989

July
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2.957
781
2,176
975
1,880
1.011

2,563

679

2,797
755 •

3,085

2,831

2,984

2.724

2,765

853

808

847

790

806

822

2,023

2.137

1,934
1,114
1852
683 :

1,958
1.023
2.051

2,097
1.010
1.934

742

724

100.0
42.7
12.4
30.3
17.5
29.1
10.7

100.0
42.0
12.3
29.8
15.5
31.211.3

100.0
44.3
12.5
31.8

2.2

2.2
.8
1.7
(5

1.884
947 '
2,197
1,143

2,042
1.064
1,946

2,232

930

799

, • 100.0
43.3
11.4
31.9
14.3
27 5
14.8

100.0
37.4

100.0
41.5 i
11.2
30.3
15.8
28.9
13.8

2.4
.8
1.5
.8

2.0
.8
1.7
.9

923

885

978

1,383

1.730

1.894

713 •

671

2,920

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

,

9.9
27.5
13.8
32.1
16.7 !

100.0
46.1
12.8
33.4
13.8
28.1
11.9

100.0
100.0
46.0 '• 45.7
13.1
13.0
32.8
32.7
14.4
15.0 .
28.1
29.0
11.6
10.3

153
29.4
11.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE




2.2
.8
in

Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.7

2.3
.7
1.4
,6

24
.8
1.5
.5

.9
1.5
.6

2.4
.8
1.6
.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
*Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates'

Sex and age
July
1983

June
1989

July
1989

July
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

May
1989

J^ne
1989

July
1989

6,497
2,381
1,150
529
603
1,231
4,099 i
3,641
485

5.4
10.9
15.1
17.5 13.1
8.5
4.2
4.4
3.1

5.0
9.8
13.7
15.3
12.5
7.7
3.9
4.1
2.6

5.3
10.5
14.4
14.9
13.8
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9

5.2
10.4
15.2
16.2
14.5
7.7
4.0
4.2
2.9

5.3
11.3
15.6
17.5
14.9
8.9
4.0
4.1
3.3

5.2
10.7
14.7
17.8
12.4
8.6
4.0
4.2
3.1

6,624
2,465
1,227
571
628
1,238
4,143
3,702
457 j

6,561
2,544
1,254
535
737
1,290
4,036
3,503
515

Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,520
1,331
688
307
359
643
2,191
1,936
278

3,397
1,358
660
323
347
698
2,057
1,768
270

3,284
1,196
550
268
270
646
2.095
1,840
274

5.3
11.3
16.3
18.1
14.4
8.5
4.0
4.2
3.2

4.8
9.7
14.2
15.8
13.2
7.2
3.8
4.0
2.8

5.3
10.7
15.5
17.0
14.6
8.0
4.2
4.4
3.2

5.0
11.0
17.0
18.8
15.7
7.7
3.7
3.9
2.9

5.0
11.5
15.8
20.0
13.6
9.2
3.7
3.7
3.0

4.8
10.4
13.4
17.4
10.7
8.7
3.7
3.9
3.1

Women, 16 years and over .
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,104
1,134
539
264
269
595
1,952
1,766
179

3,164
1,186
594
212
390
592
1,979
1,735
245

3,213
1,185
600
261
333
585
2,004
1,801
211

5.7
10.5
13.8
16.8
11.6
8.6
4,4
4.7
2.9

5.1
10.0
13.1
14.8
11.7
8.3
4.0
4.3
2.3

5.3
10.4
13.2
12.7
12.8
8.9
4.1
4.4
2.6

5.3
9.8
13.4
13.4
13.3
7.7
4.4
4.6
3.0

5.6
11.0
15.4
14.7
16.2
8.6
4.4
4.5
3.8

5.7
11.1
16.0
18.3
14.4
8.4
4.4
4.6
3.2

July
1989

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
,..
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

I

1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population..,
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989

July
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

May
1989

June
1989

26,451
17,508
66.2
15,633
59.1
1,874
10.7
8,943

27,031
17,806
65.9
15,850
58.6
1,956
11.0
9,225

27,082
18,125
66.9
16,287
60.1
1,838
10.1
8,957

26,451
17,015
64.3
15,301
57.8
1,714
10.1
9,436

26,877
17,347
64.5
15,651
58.2
1,696
9.8
9,530

26,926
17,319
64.3
15,656
58.1
1,664
9.6
9,607

26,981
17,364
64.4
15,707
58.2
1,657
9.5
9,617

27,031
17,607
65.1
15,795
58.4
1,812
10.3
9,424

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




27,082
| 17,618
65.1
15,934
58.8
1,684
]
9.6
I
! 9,464

2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed

Unemployment rate

Unemployed

Occupation
July
1989

July
1988
Total, 16 years and over1

117,066 ! 119,502

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

i
|
j

July
1989

July
1988

July
1988

July
1989

6,823

6,736

5.5

5.3

29,006
14,541 |
14,465 I

30,068
15,163
14,906

677
316
361

666
336
330

2.3
2.1
2.4

2,2
2.2
2.2

Technical, sales, and administrative support,
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
,
Administrative support, including clerical

35,880
3,659
13,926
18,295

36,552
3,797
14,181
18,574

1.537
89
626
822

1,556
79
659
816

4.1
2.4
4.3
4.3

4.1
2.0
4.4
4.2

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective .

15,635
992
2,028
12,615

16,195
942
2,013
13,239

1,173
60
79
1,034

1,135
59
76
1,001

7.0
5.7
3.7
7.6

6.5
5.9
3.6
7.0

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair .

14,134
4,623
5,364
4,146

14,059
4,452
5,500
4,108

676
141
338
198

583
108
347
128

4.6
3.0
5.9
4.6

4.0
2.4
5.9
3.0

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .

18.432
8,211
4,900
5,321
971
4,350

18,488
8,266
5,028
5,194
866
4,328

1,445
640
277
527
124
403

1,620
704
320
597
147
450

7.3
7.2
5.4
9.0
11.4
8.5

8.1
7.8
6.0
10.3
14.5
9.4

3,979

4,139

255

203

6.0

4.7

Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstituttonal
population

Veteran .status
and age

Unemployed
Employed

Total

Number
July
1988

July
,1989

July
1988

July
1989

July
1988

July
1989

July
198B

July
1989

Percent of
labor force.
July
, July
1988
.. 1989 .

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS

35 to 39 vears

...-

45 vears and over

... ..........

•

7.905
5,910
685
2,142
3,083
1,995

7,927
5,489
472
1,731
3,286
2.438

7,281
5,653
646
2,034
2,973
1,628

7,257
5,232
447
1,621
3,164
2,025

7,044
5,455
621
1.957
2,877
1,589

6,989
5,034
416
1,551
3,065
1,955

237
198
25
77
96
39

268
198
29
70
99
70

3.3
3.5
3.9
3.8
3.2
2.4

20.450
9,159
6,810
4,481

21,512
9,384
7,451
4,677

19,358
8,735
6,451
4,172

20.404
8,981
7,065
4,358

18.630
8,385
6,210
4,035

19,684
8,635
6,841
4,208

728
350
241
137

720
346
224
150

3.8
4.0
3.7
3.3

'

3.7
3.8
6.5
4.3
3.1
3.5

NONVETERANS
Total 30 to 44 vears
35 to 39 vears
40 to 44 vears

. - ... ...
..

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to




3.5
3.9
3.2
3.4

those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
{Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted'

June

July
1989

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989

.July
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

May.
1989

20,854
14,192
13,359
832
5.9

21,122
14,356
13,570
786
5.5

21,147
14,603
13,751
851
5.8

20,854
14,028
13,269
759
5.4

21,037
14,120
13,480
.640
4.5

21,059
14,096
13,339
757
5.4

21,085
14,331
13,546
785
5.5

21,122
14.286
13.489
797
5.6

21,147
14,443
13,674
769
5.3

9,942
6,344
5,960
384
6.1

9,965
6,286
5,930
356
5.7

•1989

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9,942 I

;

9,902 j

;

6,245 I

I
|
!

5,922 !
323 |
5.2 :

9,924
6,227
5,827
400
6.4

8,724
5,727
5,356
371
6.5

8,702 !
5,983 !
5,648 j
335
5.6

8,699
5,960 I
5,640
320
5.4

8,698
5,899
5.563
336
5.7

8,701
5,934
5,609
325
5.5

8,699
5,860
5,533
327
5.6

4,597
3,133
3,023
110
3.5

4,598
3,160
3,051
109
3.4

4,598
3,197
3,077
120 |
3.8 |

4,598
3,196
3,080
116
3.6

4,600
3,166
3,040
126
4.0

4,601
3,183
3,041
142
4.5

7,104 |
4,728 |
4,383
345
7.3

7,029
4,597
4,259
338
7.4

7,081 j
4,620 j
4,316 |
304
6.6

7,087 j
4,573
4,296
277
6.1

7,095
4,581
4,273
308
6.7

7,097
4,630
4,291
339
7.3

7,104
4,646
4,331
315
6.8

6,062
4,038
3,872
166
4.1

6,064
4,045
3,864
182
4.5

6,039
3,969
3,823
146
3.7

6,055
4,010
3,890
120
3.0

6,057
3,977
3,816
161
4.0

6,059
3,952
3,834
118
3.0

6,062
3,971
3.806
165
4.2

6,064
3,976
3,814
162
4.1

13,799
8,728
8,363
365
4.2

13,812
8,771
8,360
411
4.7

13,814
8,864
8,453
410
4.6

13,799
8,543
8,180
363
4.2

13,806
8,540
8,173
367
4.3

13,807
8,841
8,328
513
5.8

13,809
8,770
8,307
463
5.3

13,812
8,705
8,266
439
5.0

13,814
8,674
8,269
405
4.7

4,917
3,430
3,321
109
3.2

5,006
3,489
3,358
131
3.7

5,014
3,528
3,409
119
3.4

4,917
3,346
3,240
106
3.2

4,983
3,415
3,311
104
3.0

4,991
3,478
3,330
148
4.3

5,000
3,467
3,340
127
3.7

5,006
3,463
3,339
124
3.6

5,014
3,444
3,327
117
3.4

8,249
5,366
5,092
273
5.1

8,313
5,537
5,216
321
5.8

8,320
5,526
5,248
277
5.0

8,249
5,294
5,004
290
5.5

8,298
5,428
5,144
284
5.2

8,303
5,381
5,093
288
5.4

8,310
5,434
5,138
296
5.4

8,313
5,490
5,183
307
5.6

8,320
5,450
5,157
293
5.4

6,380 |
5,994 |
387
6.1

9,965
6,383
5,997 |
386
6.0

9,710
6,121
5,838
283
4.6

9,881
6,179
5,880
299
4.8

359
6.2

8,701
6,004
5,658
346
5.8

8,699
5,964
5,650
315
5.3

4,597
3,195
3,080
115
3.6

4,600
3,223
3,097
127
3.9

4,601
3,245
3,097
148
4.6

7,029
4,678 !

4,314 I
364 |
7.8 |

7,097
4,678
4,327
351
7.5

6,039
4.051
3,882
168
4.2

9,710
6,210
5,896
314
5.1

Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

I
8,724 I
5,827 |

5,468 I

Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
I
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

!
!
!
!

New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
,
Ur.employment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed

Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted3

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

I

July
1938

June
1989

July
1989

July
1988

Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

May.
1989

June
1989

July
1989

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9,373
5,912
5,596
316
5.3

9,427
5,981
5,709
272
4.6

9,433
5,961
5,684
277
4.6

9,373
5,770
5,469
301
5.2

9,413
6,012
5,778
234
3.9

9,418
5,940
5,677
263
4.4

9,424
5,920
5,649
271
4.6

9,427
5,917
5,678
239
4.0

9,433
5,823
5,562
261
4.5

12,010
8,448
7,889
559
6.6

11,990
8.333
7,745
588
7.1

11,989
8,428
7,813
614
7.3

12,010
8,262
7,719
543
6.6

11,991
8,283
7,788
495
6.0

11,988
8,350
7,729
621
7.4

11,987
8,250
7,762
488
5.9

11,990
8,223
7,721
502
6.1

11,989
8,241
7,645
596
7.2

Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
( I n thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

July
1988

May
1989

Uune
I1989O/

July
1989fi/

July
1988

I Mar.
1989

Apr.
1989

May
1989

June
1989E/

July
1989£/

105*560 108,7451109,484 108,507 105,768 107,888 108,101 108,310 108,560 108,729
89,120 90,7151 91,724 91,779 88,418 90,291 90,475 90,623 90,868 91,062
25,547 25,6631 25,972 25,915 25,323 25,646 25,671 25,672 25,651 25,680
Goods_producing industries.
732
704
712
7191 719
725
714
720
722
715
Mining
411.4
404.0
395.9
400.6
410
397
400
402
401
401
Oil and gas extraction.
5,492
5,626
Construction
5,451
5,325
5,150
5,252
5,318
5,279
5,281
5,283
1,443.6 1,383.9 1,431.0 1,465.5
1,372
1,377
1,393
1,380
1,388
1,385
General building contractors.
19,364
19,619 19,761 19,577 19,448 19,680 19,672 19,667 19,655 19,658
Manufacturing
13,179 13,390 13,492 13,3161 13,295 13,442 13,430 13,426 13,405 13,427
Production workers.
11,415 11,587 11,629 11,4901 11,475 11,604 11,600 11,594
Durable goods
1,567 11,549
7,591
7,738
7,760
7,6241 7,6721 7,749
7,744
7,706! 7,702
7,735
Production workers.
I
782,4
769
786
Lumber and wood products
787.01
7621
767
111
772
771
7691
519.0
531
531
Furniture and fixtures.
522.91
5311
535
537
535
534
534
612.4
609
616
Stone* clay, and glass products
602
607
601
606
604
603
611.2
6021
786
770.1
790
Primary metal industries
780
788
778.9
788
788
787
788
v
275
279.2
277
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
278 i
276
275.3
274
276
275
277
,456
Fabricated metal products
1,422.1 1,451
438
1,457
1,450
1,4521 1,449
1,454
1,434.4
1,438
Machinery, except electrical
2,082.9 ,153
,161
092
2,143
2,144j 2,1501 2,151
2,156
2, 147.3
2,092
2,059.3 ,039
2,041.6J2,019.51 2,0721 2,060
Electrical and electronic equipment
2,032
2,0581 2,050
2,040
2,035.0 2,078
2,068.112,027.81 2,0581 2,071
Transportation equipment
2,076
2,050
2,073
2,062
879
868. II 832.91
862
846
Motor vehicles and equipment............
869
876
848
875
860
776
782. 4| 782.11
751
Instruments and related products
751
776
778
111
782
779
391
394. 41 379.3
389
Miscellaneous manufacturing
390
380.5
3921
388
391
392
Nondurable goods
j 7,949
8,032
8,1321 8,087
7,973
8,076
8,072
8,109
8,0731 8,088
5,732
5,652
5,692
5,623
5,693
5,686
5,725
5,691
5,699
Production workers
j 5,588
1/661.1 1,616.4 1,668.8 1,708.7
Food and kindred products
1,628
1,655
1,657
1,675
1,664
1,656
51.7
49.2
Tobacco manufactures
49.5
49.7
55
56
54
53
53
53
717.3
728
Textile mill products
733.1
717.8
730
729
730
728
729
728
1,057.811,099.5 1,104.1 1,064.6
Apparel and other textile products
1,091
1,101
1,098
1,098
1,093
1,095
696.41 694.6
Paper and allied products
703.9
700.2
695
697
696
699
697|
697 j
1,560.711,601.8 1,612.6 1,607.9
Printing and publishing
1,564
1,600
1,601
1,6031 1,6091 1,611
1,074.611,092.2 1,103.4 1,101.91 1,068
Chemicals and allied products
1,088
1,0901
1,094
1,094)
1,0961
Petroleum and coal products
165.31 162.
165.61 166.21
162
161
1621
163
1621
1631
825.9
Rubber and misc. plastics products
844
847.4f 833.8
836
845
8431
8431
844
8421
Leather and leather products.
143.5
138.4
142.2
136.4
144
144
1431
1421
142
142
Total

Total private

Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

80,013 83,082
5,561
5,699
3,322
3,487
2,239. 2/212

Services
Business services.
Health services...
Government.
Federal..
State
Local
P = preliminary.




80,445

5,754
3,525
2,229

5,740J
3,5031
2,237

5,557
3,340
2,217

82,242
5,666
3,452
2,214

6,265
3,711
2,554

6,276
3,718
2,558

6,038
3,569
2,469

19,724 19,698
2,430.512,430.8
3,271.613,291.0
2,175.5 2,184.6
6,572.0 6,535.4

82,4301 82,638| 82,909

83,049

5,682
5,467
2,215

5,7001
3,484|
2,216

5,716
3,500
2,216

5,739
3,524
2,215

6,197
3,676
2,521

6,206
3,676
2,530

6,222
3,685
2,537

6,229
3,693
2,536

6,234
3,696
2,538

19,139
2,457
3,105
2,096
6,284

19,488
2,490
3,223
2,155
6,322

19,489
2,492
3,233
2,159
6,335

19,528 19,548
2,4911 2,490
3,2451 3,262
2,1591 2,154
6,3481 6,362

19,600
2,488
3,275
2,157
6,37 0

6,910
3,355
2,142
1,413

6,678
3,284
2,084
1,310

6,774
3,316
2,117
1,341

25,922 26,8181 27,138 27,240
5,635.5 5,758.515,827.5 5,843.0
7,188.1 7,555.0 7,645.7 7,682.0

25,683
5,595
7,153

26,520
5,736
7,488

26,651
5,760
7,528

26,711| 26,9231 26,997
5,802
5,7761 5,799
7,644
7,5701 7,615

17,350 17,597
2,958j 2,982
4,0711 4,102
10,3211 10,513

17,626
2,982
4,111
10,533

17,687
2,999
4,119

6,0771
3,590
2,487

6,217
3,685
2,532

Retail trade
19,2401 19,528
General merchandise stores
2,398.912,416.3
Food stores
3,118.9(3,228.5
Automotive dealers and service stations... 2,123.4 2,162.9
Eating and drinking places
6,446.8 6,462.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

83,512 I 82,592

6,773
3,317
2,094
1,362

16,440
2,992
3,853
9,595

6,790
3,313
2,123

.l,354j

18,030
3,005
4,181
10,844

6,871
3,341
2,134
1,396

17,760
3,024
4,014
10,722

16,728
3,009
3,915
9,804

6,776.
3,312
2,119
1,345

6,7901
3,320|
2,1231
1,3471

10,569

6,5011
3,3181
2,128
1,355

17,692
2,994
4,134
10,564

6,812
5,322
2,131
1,359

17,667
2,976
4,138
10,553

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry

T
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction

I July
I 1988

May
1989

I

jJune
|1989£/

July
1989 E /

Seasonally adjusted
July
1988

Mar.
1989

1

Apr.
1989

|June
|1989E/

July
1989^/
34.9

35.1

34.5 I 34.8

35.1

34.8

34.7

34.9

34.6 | 34.6

42.4

42.0 I 42.8

43.4

(2)

(2)

(2)

C2)

(2)
41.1
3.9

(2)

I

j
I
\

I

38.6

37.7

38.0

39.0

40.7
3.7

40.9
3.6

41.1
3.8

40.5
3.7

41.2
3.8 j

41.5
3.8

41.7
3.9

40.9
3.7

40 3 I
38.9
42.4
43.1
44.0
41.1
42.3
40.4
41.7
41.7
41
38.6 I

40.1
39.0
42.4
43.1
43.6
41.5
42.3
40.4
42.7
43.3
40 8 I
39.4 |

40.4
39.3
42.6
43.3
43.8
41.7
42.6
40.8
42.6
43.0
41
39.4

39.3
38.3
42.5
42.7
43.2
40.7
41.8
40.1
41.7
41.3
41.0
38.2

41.0
4.0
41.7
41.8
4.1
4.1
40.4
40.0
39.6
39.8
42.2
42.2
43.5
43.5
44.0
44
41.9
41
42.8
42.5
41.0
40.6
42.7
43.1
42.9
43.9
41 7 j 41.1
39 3 I 39.5

39.9
3.6

40.0
3.5

40.3
3.6

40.0
3.7

40.2
3.7

40.
40.3
39,
39.3
40.4
41
36.7 I 37.0
42.9 I 43.1
37.8
37.4
42.0
42.1
43.9
45,
41
41.5
37.6
37.3

40.6
38.9
41.6
37.3
43.3
37.4
42.5
44.9
41.5
38.7

41.2
34.6
40.8
36.8
42.9
37.4
42.2
46.2
40.7
37.6

I

(2)

(2)

I

(2)

(2)

41.3
3.9

41.0
3.8

(2)
41.0
3.8

41.0
3.9

41.9
4.1

41.5
3.9

41.5
3.9

41.5
4.0

40.5
39.9
42.5
43.3
43.5
41.9
42.7
41.0
42.8
43.3
41
39.8

39.7
39.8
39.4
39.3
41.9
42.2
43.2
43.3
43.6
43.6
41
41.
42.5 | 42.5
40
40,
42,
42
42,
42.8
41
41.1
39.4
39.-6
40.2
40.2
3.7
3.6 j

39.4
39.0
42.3
43.1
43.
41.
42.
40.
42.
42.
41.
38.9

40.5

41.3
(2)
41.4
37.1
43.2
37.6
42.5
(2)
41.3
37.5

40.1
3.8

40.4
3.8

40.4
(2)
41.0
37.0
43.2 j
38.0 |
42.3
(2)
41.7
37.2

40.4
(2)
41.1
36.9
43.3
37.9
42.3
(2)
41.6
38.0

40.7
(2)
41.7
37.6
43.4
37.9
42.6
(2)
41.6
38.3

39.3

39.6

40.3

39.4

39.4

40.1

Wholesale trade

38.3

37.9

38.1

38.3

38.1

38.1

38.3

Retail trade

30.0

28.8

29.2

29.9

29.3

28.9

29.1

Finance, insurance* and real estate.
Services

36.1

35.6

35.8

36.4

(2)

(2)

(2)

33.0

32.4

32.7

33.1

32.7

52.6

32.8

Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing* construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance;
insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximately foui—fifths of the .total
employees on private nonagricultural payrolls.

I

|
|
|
j

39.8




I

I

Transportation and public utilities.

1/

I

I May
I 1989

I

Manufacturing
Overtime hours.
Durable goods
Overtime hours.
Lumber and wood products.,
Furniture and fixtures.
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery* except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Not seasonally adjusted

37.4

40.6
(2)
41.4
37.0
43.4
37.8
42.5
(2)
41.4
37.9

39.5

39.4

37.9

38.0

(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.7
42.1
(2)
41.5

(2)

I
|
|
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

28.9

28.9 (

(2) .

(2)

32.5

32.5

40.3
3.8

39.9
38.1
29.2
(2)
32.8

2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficent precision.
P = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average weekly

Average hourly earnings
Industry

I
July
1988

IJuly
|1989 E /

I June
|19

| May
I 19S9

T
July
1988

I

! May
| 1989

(June

I

r
|July
I19S9J2

I

$9.24
9.31

$9.59
9.60

$9.58
9.62

$9.63
9.70

l$324. 3215330. 86|$333.38i$338.01
323. 991 332, 16| 332.S5| 338.53

Mining

12.72

13.13

13.04

13.07

539.331 551 46 1 555 .111 567.24

Construction..

12.96

13.28

13.23

13.32

500,

Total private
Seasonally adjusted.

Manufacturing.
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Machinery* except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.17

10.42

10.44

10.47

413.

10.67
8.66

10.94
8.79

10.98
8.86
8.22

10.99

439,
349.
310,
446,
526,
619,
419.
464,
409,
550.
575,
409,
308.

7.99

10.53
12.22

14.09

10.20
10.98

10.13

13.19
13.79
9.96
7.98
9.46
9.12

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products

15.78
7.31
6.03
11.72
10.48
12.70
14.93

9.15

6.19

Transportation and public utilities.

12.32

Wholesale trade

9.95

Retail trade

6.28

Finance, insurance, and real estate.

9.03

Services

8.80

8.16
10.69
12.25
14.06

8.92

8.26
10.78
12.35
14.17
10.54
11.34
10.44
13.57
14.02
10.32
8.31

10.74
12.32
14.15
10.50
11.32
10.38
13.65
14.22
10.25

10.49
11.29

10.33
13.58
14.17
10.17
8.24

8.23

9.68
9.34

9.69
9.37

16.13
7.62
6.32
11.89
10.76

16.48
7.65
6.33
11.90
10.74

15.34

15.24

12.98

9.77
9.35

16.24
7.64
6.31
12.08
10.80
13.11
15.35

12.97

9.40

9.40
6.58

6.5S

I

9.47

6.55

I
I
,261
I
,921
I

500 66|

502 ,74|

519.48

426 18| |

I
429.08 1
i

.601
,001
.811
.471
.681
.961
,22|
.451
.25(
.021
.041
.361
.031

454
352
318
453
527
613
435
477
417
579
613
414
324

94|
66|

457 87|
357, 941
323 05|
457 521
533 46|
619 77|
437 85|
482 23!
423 50|
581 49|
611 46|
423 33|
324 26|

449.49
350.56
316.36
458.15
527.35
612.14
423.98
474.01
418.64
565.87
579.03
423.12
317.44

.451
.541
,15|
,32|
30|
.791
,14|
.401
.33!
,07|
89|

387
377
637
313
233
512
402
546
673
390
247

20
34
14
94
84
46
42
46
43
10)
41|

390 51|
380 42|
641 071
318 24|
236 111
515 271
401 68|
551 23|
684 28|
390, 101
254 65!

390.80
385.22
561.90
311.71
232.21
518.23
403.92
553.24
709.17
335.43
246.28

I

377.
367.
620.
295.
221,
502.
396.
533.
676,
376.
230.

I
I

I

Olj
48|
24|
26|
98|
021
34|

12.49

12.47 I 12.60

490.341 490.861 493.811 507.78

10.28

10.30 | 10.41
I
6 .48
6.48

381.091 389.611 392.431 398.70

6.49
9.48

9.47

9.58

9.30

9.26

9.33

I

1

I

I

I

1

188.401 186.911 189.221 193.75
325.931 337.491 339.031 348.71

I

1

!

290.40) 301.321 302.801 308.82
P = preliminary.

See footnote 1, table B-2.

I

I

1

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers^/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
~*

Industry

I
I

j
I

I
I

I
I

I
1

I July
1988

I Mar.
! 1989

| Apr.
1989

| May
| 1989

lJune
IJuly
from:
|1989 E / |1989 £ / (June 1989!
!
I July 1989

Total private2/*.
Current dollars
I
Constant C1977 > dollars3/
j
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtimes/
Transportation and public utilitiesl
Wholesale trade
I
Retail trade
I
Finance, insurance* and real estatej
Services
I

I

I Percent
I change

I
$9.31
4.84
13.051
10.181
9.721
12.351
9.98|
6.321
9.111
8. 93 I

I

V See footnote 1, table B-2.
2/ Includes mining, not shown separately, because its seasonal
component is too small to be separated out with sufficient precision.
3/ The Consumer Price Inder for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series.




I
I

$9.54
4.80J
13.26 1
10.401
9.921
12.501
10.211
6.471
9.361
9.241

$9.61|
4.80|
13.331
10.40|
9.921
12.521
10.361
6.511
9.541
9.32|

I

I

$9.60|
4.771
13.321
10.421
9.97|
12.541
10.281
6.491
9.451
9.33|

$9.62
$9.70!
4.77
N .A . I
13.31 $13,411
10.45
10.481
9.991
10.011
12.531
12.631
10.321
10.45!
6.511
6.531
9.52!
9.671
9.341
9.461

0.8
(4)
.8
.3
.2
.8
1.3
.3
1.6
1.3

L

4/ Real earnings were unchanged from May to June 1989, tho
latest month available.
5/ Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workersj./ on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
j

Not seasonally adjusted

Industry

I

July
1988

T July

125.61127 ,61128. 7U27.6

128.0

129.4

103.8

102.01102 .91103, 51102.4

102.5

103.2

81.4

81.7

82.0

81.8

148.2

156.4

Manufacturing

I 94,
.01 96.0

97.2

94.7

Durable goods
I 91,
.91 94.2 95.0
Lumber and wood products
1107 ,31104.4 107
111
Furniture and fixtures
1107 .51110.9
,
.2) 91.5 93.1
Stone, clay, and glass products
i 92.
68.1 68.9
Primary metal industries
j 66 .51
,
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..) 54,,51 52.9 53.7
91.8
Fabricated metal products
j 88 .4
, 91.2
.4 93.51 94.5
Machinery, except electrical
89 ,
Electrical and electronic equipment
| 98. 97.11 97.9
Transportation equipment
I 95 . 101.41 100.2
Motor vehicles and equipment
I 84 .5\ 91.81 89.7
Instruments and related products
| 111.01115.01 116.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing
I 81 .9| 86.11 87.2

91.5
104.7
106.7
91.8
66.4
52.0
88
91
94.9
94
81.4
116.0
80.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1/

See footnote 1, table B-2.




(July
1989£/

131.5

81.2

Retail trade....

I

June
1989E/

104.6

1150 .71141.8
,

Wholesale trade.

I

130.2

I

Construction

Transportation and public utilities

I

127.61127.5

j 83,

Service-producing industries

I

|July |Mar. (Apr. | M a y
1989fi/ 11988 11989 11989 11989

Mining

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products

i

|102.4|102.6

Total p r i v a t e

Goods-producing industries

I M a y IJune
11989 | 1 9 8 9 E /

Seasonally adjusted

I

I

I

99.3
I 97 .11 98.51 100.6
109.1
1102. 91 99.71 104.4
56.7
I 68 .61 64.51 63.3
51 81.21 82.6
79.0
I 78.
80 81 85.51 86.6
81.9
101 81101.51 103.3
102.0
134 71136.91 137.4
136.7
98 11100.41 102.9
101.6
87 31 83.31 87.6
91.0
114 91119.71 120.0
115.5
52 4! 54.91
57.1
52.6
I
1141.51141.41
144.4
146.8
114.91116.7|
118.8
120.4
I
124 .7 1126.31
127.9
128.6
I
I
(130 41126.71 130.i |
132.8
I
1144.21141.4j 144.4
147.9
1165 .7 1167,8 I 171.3
173.9

I

83.5

I

81.8.

81 .11 83.

I

95.9

94
104
112
90
68
54
91
91
j 100
1100
I 89
1113
85,

I

138.21 139.2
143.0
I
96 .71 97. 21 9 6 . 4 1 9 6 . 3 | 9 6 . 5

1137.9 140 .31141,

I

94.0
94.31
94 .91 95,
105 .31105, 103.71 103.4
.31114,
112.91
112.3
114
89.31
90.0
90 .51 91,
68.5
68 .91 68, 68.2
,61
52,
52.3
52.5
53
91
90.9
92 ,51 92,
93.
93.8
93 ,4| 93,
98.4
97.8
98 .81 99,
99.4
101 .51101, 2j100.5
.71
91,
II
90.2
88.0
91
41115.8 115.8
115 ,0 116.
86 ,1 87, II 86.6 86.2

98, 4 99.,5 100. II 99.5
71102.,91103. 81103.3
,61 73. 0| 69.6
0) 69.
77,
81 0| 82. 81
81,
85 ,4| 86.
85
84,
102 ,31102. 102.31
1102. 138 51138. 137
1136, 41100 .41100..91100
98, 51 82 21 82..91 83.5
84. 61119 ,91119,.91119.6
118. 91 56 ,11 56..0] 54.7
54.
I
1138.7 141 ,21142 .61141.5

i ioo

I

1113.7 116 21118 .61117.3
1123.3 126.4 127.2
1126.51126.9 127.71127.21
1141.51141.8 143.81141.9
1162.41167.
I
I

168.91167.5

J_

93.8
102.1
111.7
89.8
68.2
51.3
91.1
93.6
97.6
99.4
86.3
118.3
83.9

99.8
100.5
104 2
107.0
66 9
62.7
81 7 j 81.8
84.9
85.5
102.4
102.7
138.6
138.2
102.0
101.8
84.9
87.6
118.8
119.0
55.5

54.9

142.2

143.9

117.4

119.3

126.6

127.1

127.4

128.9

142.5

145.3

168.9

170.8

P = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6.

Diffusion indexes of employment change* seasonally adjusted

(Percent)
Jan.

Time span

TI

Feb.

_L

TI Mar.

Apr.

I May

I

_L

j June

J

j July

Sept

Aug.

Oct.

Mov.

Dec.

I

Private nonagricultural payrolls, 349 industries!/

\

r

Over 1-month span:
1987
1988
1989

59.7
67.2
P/57.7

65.3
63.6
P/57.4

60.6
58.0

63.0
55.4

67.8
63.9

64.5
68.2

60.7
64.6

65.8
65.9
71.1 . 71.9
lE/59.9

67.8
71.2

71.1
64.2

71.2
65.3

72.3
70.1

70.9
73.4

65.9
74.6

65.8 I 64.8 j 66.8
70.2 I 71.5 I 73.9
69.5 lfi/68.2 lfi/63.3

67.6
73.9

69.5
69.1

71.3
70.2

73.5
74.6

73.2
73.5

71.5
73.9

71.8
74.5

72.2
75.8

71.8
74.6

71.9
75.8

72.5
74.9

72.2
78.1

74.1
75.5

75.4
75.5

72.5
74.8

74.9

55.6 I
60.7 I
68.3 !

59.3 I
63.5 I
60.5 I

61.0
63.0
61.0

61.9
62.8
58.2

Over 3-month span:
1987
1988
1989

60.7
64.8
71.6

62.0
65.6
70.1

66.6
69.5
64.5

65.2 |
70.2 |

Over 6-month spans
1987
1988
1989

67.3
69.9

5Z,
61
55.6

I

Over 12-month span:
1987
1988
1989

61.9

IE/61.3

I
75.1 I

I
|

j
I 66.6
76.2
E'71.5

68.2
76.1

68.2
74.8 j

73.8 |

76.9
E'74.2

I
Manufacturing payrolls, 143 industries!/
Over 1-month span:
1987
1988
1989

44.3
58.5
62.4

53.9
56.0
53.5

54.3
55.0
53.2

55.7
59.9
49.6

55.3
58.5
46.8

Over 3-month span:
1987
1988
1989

52.1
63.1
67.4

51.4
61.0
63.8

59.6
62.4
55.7

61.3
64.9
51.8

58.5
67.4
E/48.6

57.4
66.3
69.5

56.7
66.3
58.5

55.3 I 62.4
67.7 | 69.5
E/55.7 IE/49.6

Over 6-month span:
1987
1988
1989

j
I
I

54.3
61.7

62.8
59.6
fi/50.7

59.9 I
51.1 I

63.8
49.3

59.9
62.8

65.6 |
64.9 I

56.4
58.5

I

62.8
67.0
E/47.5 j

67.0
64.5

71.6
58.2

68.4
62.1

70.6
66.7

67.7
71.3

64.5
70.9

64.9
66.7

67.0
64.2

67.4
66.0

70.6
70.9

71.3
68.8

69.5 I
69.9 |

69.5
71.6

68.1
74.1

66.3 |
72.0 I

67.4
69.9 j

71.6
70.9

72.7
69.1

71.6
71.6

69.1
70.2

68.4
69.9

I
Over 12-month span:
1987
1988
1989

55.3
73.8
£/61.3

58.5
70.2

58.5
70.9

63.5
71.6

1/ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-,
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the
12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P=preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with




72.3
fi/67.4

I
employment increasing plus one- half of the
industries with unchanged employment* where
50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and
decreasing employment.