Full text of The Employment Situation : April 2017

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 5, 2017

USDL-17-0551

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2017
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 211,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was
little changed at 4.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in
leisure and hospitality, health care and social assistance, financial activities, and mining.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
April 2015 – April 2017

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
change, seasonally adjusted, April 2015 – April 2017

Percent

Thousands

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0
Apr-15

Jul-15

Oct-15

Jan-16

Apr-16

Jul-16

Oct-16

Jan-17

Apr-17

Apr-15

Jul-15

Oct-15

Jan-16

Apr-16

Jul-16

Oct-16

Jan-17

Apr-17

Household Survey Data
Both the unemployment rate, at 4.4 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 7.1 million,
changed little in April. Over the year, the unemployment rate has declined by 0.6 percentage point, and
the number of unemployed has fallen by 854,000. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men declined to 4.0 percent in
April. The jobless rates for adult women (4.1 percent), teenagers (14.7 percent), Whites (3.8 percent),
Blacks (7.9 percent), Asians (3.2 percent), and Hispanics (5.2 percent) showed little change. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged
at 1.6 million in April and accounted for 22.6 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number of
long-term unemployed was down by 433,000. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, changed little in April and has shown little
movement over the past year. The employment-population ratio, at 60.2 percent, was also little
changed over the month but was up by 0.5 percentage point since December. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) declined by 281,000 to 5.3 million in April. These individuals, who
would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut
back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. Over the past 12 months, the number of persons
employed part time for economic reasons has decreased by 698,000. (See table A-8.)
In April, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 181,000 from a
year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted
and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 455,000 discouraged workers in April, down by 113,000
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work for reasons
such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 211,000 in April. Employment rose in leisure and
hospitality, health care and social assistance, financial activities, and mining. (See table B-1.)
In April, leisure and hospitality added 55,000 jobs. Employment in food services and drinking places
continued to trend up over the month (+26,000) and has increased by 260,000 over the year.
Employment in health care and social assistance increased by 37,000 in April. Health care
employment continued to trend up over the month (+20,000). This is in line with the industry’s average
monthly job growth during the first quarter of this year but below the average gain of 32,000 per month
in 2016. Social assistance added 17,000 jobs in April, with all of the gain in individual and family
services.
In April, financial activities added 19,000 jobs, with insurance carriers and related activities accounting
for most of the gain (+14,000). Over the year, financial activities has added 173,000 jobs.
Employment in mining rose by 9,000 in April, with most of the increase in support activities for mining
(+7,000). Since a recent low in October 2016, mining has added 44,000 jobs, with three-fourths of the
gain in support activities for mining.
Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in April (+39,000). The
industry has added 612,000 jobs over the past 12 months.
-2-

Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail
trade, transportation and warehousing, information, and government, showed little change over the
month.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.4
hours in April. In manufacturing, the workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and overtime edged
down by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees
on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 7 cents to
$26.19. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 65 cents, or 2.5 percent. In April, average
hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 6 cents to
$21.96. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised up from +219,000 to
+232,000, and the change for March was revised down from +98,000 to +79,000. With these revisions,
employment gains in February and March combined were 6,000 lower than previously reported.
Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses since the last published
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. Over the past 3 months, job gains have
averaged 174,000.
______________
The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 2, 2017, at
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Change from:
Mar. 2017Apr. 2017

Apr.
2017

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

252,969
158,938
62.8
151,028
59.7
7,910
5.0
94,031

254,246
160,056
63.0
152,528
60.0
7,528
4.7
94,190

254,414
160,201
63.0
153,000
60.1
7,202
4.5
94,213

254,588
160,213
62.9
153,156
60.2
7,056
4.4
94,375

174
12
-0.1
156
0.1
-146
-0.1
162

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

5.0
4.6
4.5
16.0
4.3
8.8
3.8
6.1

4.7
4.3
4.3
15.0
4.1
8.1
3.4
5.6

4.5
4.3
4.0
13.7
3.9
8.0
3.3
5.1

4.4
4.0
4.1
14.7
3.8
7.9
3.2
5.2

-0.1
-0.3
0.1
1.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.1

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

4.1
7.5
5.4
4.1
2.4

3.9
7.9
5.0
4.0
2.4

3.8
6.8
4.9
3.7
2.5

3.6
6.5
4.6
3.7
2.4

-0.2
-0.3
-0.3
0.0
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,864
864
2,337
847

3,709
802
2,197
773

3,519
798
2,066
790

3,538
789
2,032
712

19
-9
-34
-78

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,573
2,155
1,281
2,059

2,566
2,138
1,057
1,801

2,334
2,109
1,115
1,687

2,335
2,135
1,108
1,626

1
26
-7
-61

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

5,970
3,706
1,993
20,471

5,704
3,574
1,864
20,773

5,553
3,402
1,852
20,723

5,272
3,174
1,802
20,700

-281
-228
-50
-23

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,715
568

1,723
522

1,595
460

1,534
455

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

153
158
-9
-9
-1
1
-1
8.8
2
167
5.1
-5.7
11.3
-0.1
2
18
66
7.0
52
36.9
15
4
-5

232
222
88
12
54
22
4
-5.5
18
134
10.8
-28.7
7.6
-0.4
-6
5
35
9.8
68
35.8
33
10
10

79
77
23
9
1
13
8
2.3
5
54
1.1
-27.4
6.6
-0.3
-6
4
57
13.0
10
16.4
9
0
2

211
194
21
10
5
6
-3
2.8
9
173
8.2
6.3
3.5
0.7
-7
19
39
5.8
41
36.8
55
7
17

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

205
189

201
192

176
168

174
164

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.5
48.1
82.3

49.6
48.1
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.5

49.5
48.1
82.4

34.4
$25.54
$878.58
105.0
0.1
128.3
0.5

34.3
$26.10
$895.23
106.3
-0.1
132.6
0.2

34.3
$26.12
$895.92
106.3
0.0
132.8
0.2

34.4
$26.19
$900.94
106.8
0.5
133.7
0.7

52.1
42.3

65.1
64.7

58.8
55.1

60.2
53.2

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 634,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and
nonsupervisory employees.
Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

252,969
158,488
62.7
151,075
59.7
7,413
4.7
94,481
5,671

254,414
159,912
62.9
152,628
60.0
7,284
4.6
94,502
5,507

254,588
159,817
62.8
153,262
60.2
6,555
4.1
94,771
5,560

252,969
158,938
62.8
151,028
59.7
7,910
5.0
94,031
5,813

254,742
159,640
62.7
152,111
59.7
7,529
4.7
95,102
5,662

254,082
159,716
62.9
152,081
59.9
7,635
4.8
94,366
5,739

254,246
160,056
63.0
152,528
60.0
7,528
4.7
94,190
5,597

254,414
160,201
63.0
153,000
60.1
7,202
4.5
94,213
5,781

254,588
160,213
62.9
153,156
60.2
7,056
4.4
94,375
5,707

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,213
84,323
69.0
80,302
65.7
4,021
4.8
37,890

122,945
84,718
68.9
80,546
65.5
4,172
4.9
38,227

123,032
84,851
69.0
81,341
66.1
3,509
4.1
38,181

122,213
84,652
69.3
80,423
65.8
4,228
5.0
37,561

123,099
84,979
69.0
80,861
65.7
4,118
4.8
38,120

122,781
85,096
69.3
81,013
66.0
4,083
4.8
37,685

122,862
85,194
69.3
81,141
66.0
4,053
4.8
37,668

122,945
85,076
69.2
81,136
66.0
3,940
4.6
37,870

123,032
85,175
69.2
81,419
66.2
3,755
4.4
37,857

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

113,746
81,655
71.8
78,028
68.6
3,628
4.4
32,090

114,455
81,924
71.6
78,172
68.3
3,752
4.6
32,531

114,538
82,019
71.6
78,922
68.9
3,096
3.8
32,519

113,746
81,743
71.9
77,993
68.6
3,750
4.6
32,003

114,603
81,983
71.5
78,379
68.4
3,605
4.4
32,620

114,297
82,113
71.8
78,503
68.7
3,609
4.4
32,184

114,375
82,138
71.8
78,573
68.7
3,564
4.3
32,237

114,455
82,046
71.7
78,556
68.6
3,491
4.3
32,409

114,538
82,091
71.7
78,838
68.8
3,253
4.0
32,447

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

130,756
74,164
56.7
70,773
54.1
3,391
4.6
56,592

131,469
75,194
57.2
72,082
54.8
3,112
4.1
56,275

131,556
74,967
57.0
71,921
54.7
3,046
4.1
56,590

130,756
74,286
56.8
70,605
54.0
3,681
5.0
56,469

131,643
74,661
56.7
71,250
54.1
3,411
4.6
56,982

131,301
74,621
56.8
71,069
54.1
3,552
4.8
56,681

131,384
74,862
57.0
71,388
54.3
3,475
4.6
56,521

131,469
75,126
57.1
71,863
54.7
3,262
4.3
56,343

131,556
75,038
57.0
71,737
54.5
3,301
4.4
56,518

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,524
71,329
58.2
68,346
55.8
2,983
4.2
51,196

123,212
72,354
58.7
69,559
56.5
2,795
3.9
50,858

123,296
72,181
58.5
69,474
56.3
2,707
3.7
51,116

122,524
71,316
58.2
68,099
55.6
3,218
4.5
51,208

123,383
71,831
58.2
68,760
55.7
3,071
4.3
51,552

123,052
71,686
58.3
68,550
55.7
3,136
4.4
51,366

123,131
72,011
58.5
68,932
56.0
3,079
4.3
51,119

123,212
72,160
58.6
69,271
56.2
2,890
4.0
51,052

123,296
72,136
58.5
69,213
56.1
2,922
4.1
51,161

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,699
5,504
33.0
4,701
28.2
802
14.6
11,195

16,747
5,634
33.6
4,897
29.2
737
13.1
11,113

16,754
5,618
33.5
4,866
29.0
752
13.4
11,136

16,699
5,879
35.2
4,936
29.6
943
16.0
10,820

16,756
5,826
34.8
4,972
29.7
854
14.7
10,930

16,734
5,917
35.4
5,028
30.0
890
15.0
10,816

16,740
5,907
35.3
5,023
30.0
884
15.0
10,833

16,747
5,995
35.8
5,173
30.9
822
13.7
10,752

16,754
5,986
35.7
5,105
30.5
881
14.7
10,768

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Apr.
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

197,906
124,416
62.9
119,337
60.3
5,079
4.1
73,490

198,604
124,804
62.8
119,831
60.3
4,974
4.0
73,799

198,685
124,676
62.8
120,214
60.5
4,462
3.6
74,009

197,906
124,732
63.0
119,341
60.3
5,391
4.3
73,174

198,845
124,616
62.7
119,263
60.0
5,354
4.3
74,229

198,453
124,675
62.8
119,311
60.1
5,364
4.3
73,778

198,525
124,856
62.9
119,740
60.3
5,116
4.1
73,669

198,604
125,046
63.0
120,180
60.5
4,866
3.9
73,557

198,685
124,925
62.9
120,142
60.5
4,783
3.8
73,760

65,093
72.0
62,583
69.2
2,510
3.9

65,125
71.7
62,548
68.9
2,576
4.0

65,263
71.9
63,103
69.5
2,160
3.3

65,182
72.1
62,595
69.2
2,587
4.0

65,146
71.7
62,476
68.7
2,669
4.1

65,345
72.1
62,730
69.2
2,615
4.0

65,362
72.0
62,877
69.3
2,485
3.8

65,219
71.9
62,850
69.2
2,369
3.6

65,306
71.9
63,053
69.4
2,253
3.4

55,023
57.8
52,991
55.7
2,032
3.7

55,297
57.9
53,413
55.9
1,883
3.4

55,066
57.6
53,269
55.8
1,798
3.3

54,953
57.8
52,773
55.5
2,180
4.0

54,872
57.4
52,813
55.2
2,059
3.8

54,798
57.4
52,646
55.2
2,152
3.9

54,988
57.6
52,949
55.5
2,039
3.7

55,153
57.8
53,211
55.7
1,942
3.5

54,983
57.6
53,049
55.5
1,935
3.5

4,300
34.8
3,763
30.5
537
12.5

4,383
35.5
3,869
31.3
514
11.7

4,346
35.2
3,842
31.1
504
11.6

4,597
37.3
3,973
32.2
624
13.6

4,599
37.2
3,974
32.2
625
13.6

4,531
36.7
3,934
31.9
597
13.2

4,505
36.5
3,913
31.7
592
13.1

4,674
37.9
4,119
33.4
555
11.9

4,635
37.5
4,040
32.7
595
12.8

31,792
19,368
60.9
17,779
55.9
1,590
8.2
12,423

32,128
19,898
61.9
18,296
56.9
1,602
8.1
12,229

32,161
20,046
62.3
18,577
57.8
1,469
7.3
12,116

31,792
19,415
61.1
17,711
55.7
1,704
8.8
12,377

32,105
19,844
61.8
18,292
57.0
1,552
7.8
12,261

32,063
19,993
62.4
18,445
57.5
1,548
7.7
12,070

32,095
19,998
62.3
18,378
57.3
1,620
8.1
12,097

32,128
20,002
62.3
18,409
57.3
1,593
8.0
12,126

32,161
20,110
62.5
18,514
57.6
1,597
7.9
12,051

8,964
67.7
8,157
61.6
807
9.0

9,116
68.0
8,313
62.0
803
8.8

9,135
68.1
8,505
63.4
630
6.9

9,015
68.1
8,166
61.7
849
9.4

9,056
67.7
8,366
62.5
690
7.6

9,106
68.1
8,437
63.1
669
7.3

9,081
67.8
8,369
62.5
713
7.8

9,132
68.1
8,384
62.6
747
8.2

9,169
68.3
8,496
63.3
673
7.3

9,712
60.5
9,090
56.6
622
6.4

10,143
62.6
9,483
58.5
661
6.5

10,185
62.8
9,530
58.7
655
6.4

9,672
60.2
9,007
56.1
666
6.9

10,094
62.3
9,410
58.1
683
6.8

10,124
62.6
9,450
58.4
673
6.7

10,162
62.7
9,438
58.3
724
7.1

10,173
62.7
9,497
58.6
676
6.6

10,168
62.7
9,470
58.4
698
6.9

693
27.6
533
21.3
160
23.1

639
25.4
500
19.9
139
21.7

726
28.9
542
21.6
184
25.3

727
29.0
538
21.5
189
26.0

694
27.6
515
20.5
178
25.7

764
30.4
558
22.2
205
26.9

754
30.0
571
22.7
183
24.3

697
27.7
528
21.0
169
24.3

773
30.8
547
21.8
226
29.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2016
14,853
9,444
63.6
9,101
61.3
343
3.6
5,409

Mar.
2017
15,285
9,668
63.3
9,358
61.2
310
3.2
5,616

Apr.
2017
15,389
9,749
63.4
9,448
61.4
301
3.1
5,640

Apr.
2016
14,853
9,458
63.7
9,100
61.3
358
3.8
5,395

Dec.
2016
15,433
9,678
62.7
9,423
61.1
256
2.6
5,755

Jan.
2017
15,157
9,641
63.6
9,281
61.2
360
3.7
5,517

Feb.
2017
15,228
9,709
63.8
9,377
61.6
332
3.4
5,519

Mar.
2017
15,285
9,635
63.0
9,318
61.0
317
3.3
5,650

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Apr.
2017
15,389
9,761
63.4
9,446
61.4
316
3.2
5,628

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Apr.
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

40,474
26,530
65.5
25,036
61.9
1,493
5.6
13,944

41,081
27,354
66.6
25,929
63.1
1,425
5.2
13,727

41,162
27,155
66.0
25,897
62.9
1,258
4.6
14,007

40,474
26,600
65.7
24,966
61.7
1,634
6.1
13,874

41,190
27,079
65.7
25,486
61.9
1,594
5.9
14,111

40,922
27,044
66.1
25,453
62.2
1,590
5.9
13,879

41,003
27,251
66.5
25,727
62.7
1,523
5.6
13,753

41,081
27,387
66.7
25,986
63.3
1,402
5.1
13,694

41,162
27,241
66.2
25,832
62.8
1,410
5.2
13,921

14,656
80.3
13,985
76.7
671
4.6

14,929
80.7
14,217
76.9
712
4.8

14,890
80.3
14,331
77.3
559
3.8

14,687
80.5
13,952
76.5
735
5.0

14,821
79.8
14,102
75.9
720
4.9

14,898
80.9
14,187
77.0
711
4.8

14,938
80.9
14,253
77.2
685
4.6

14,957
80.9
14,291
77.3
666
4.5

14,927
80.5
14,297
77.1
630
4.2

10,768
58.3
10,099
54.7
670
6.2

11,165
59.5
10,631
56.7
534
4.8

11,098
59.0
10,538
56.1
561
5.1

10,747
58.2
10,045
54.4
702
6.5

11,083
58.9
10,424
55.4
659
5.9

11,028
59.0
10,336
55.3
692
6.3

11,119
59.4
10,494
56.0
625
5.6

11,127
59.3
10,600
56.5
527
4.7

11,086
59.0
10,493
55.8
593
5.4

1,105
29.4
952
25.3
153
13.8

1,260
33.0
1,081
28.3
179
14.2

1,166
30.4
1,028
26.8
138
11.9

1,166
31.0
969
25.8
197
16.9

1,175
30.8
960
25.2
215
18.3

1,117
29.3
930
24.4
187
16.7

1,193
31.3
980
25.7
214
17.9

1,304
34.1
1,095
28.6
209
16.0

1,228
32.1
1,042
27.2
186
15.2

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,036
47.2
10,206
43.7
830
7.5

10,143
45.1
9,375
41.7
768
7.6

10,249
45.6
9,594
42.7
656
6.4

10,756
46.0
9,945
42.6
811
7.5

10,483
45.0
9,660
41.4
823
7.9

10,533
45.3
9,725
41.8
808
7.7

10,229
46.1
9,424
42.5
806
7.9

10,139
45.1
9,450
42.1
689
6.8

10,041
44.7
9,385
41.8
656
6.5

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,635
57.4
33,785
54.4
1,850
5.2

36,227
58.0
34,324
54.9
1,903
5.3

36,186
58.0
34,603
55.4
1,583
4.4

35,620
57.4
33,702
54.3
1,918
5.4

35,661
57.7
33,860
54.8
1,801
5.1

35,443
57.9
33,580
54.9
1,863
5.3

35,853
57.9
34,078
55.0
1,776
5.0

36,092
57.8
34,315
54.9
1,778
4.9

36,032
57.7
34,374
55.1
1,658
4.6

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,841
66.1
36,350
63.5
1,491
3.9

37,881
66.2
36,442
63.6
1,439
3.8

37,854
65.8
36,532
63.5
1,321
3.5

37,783
66.0
36,223
63.2
1,559
4.1

38,244
66.1
36,773
63.6
1,472
3.8

38,007
65.7
36,563
63.2
1,444
3.8

37,754
65.8
36,245
63.2
1,509
4.0

37,851
66.1
36,454
63.7
1,397
3.7

37,850
65.8
36,465
63.4
1,385
3.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

53,428
74.4
52,223
72.8
1,205
2.3

54,905
74.2
53,573
72.4
1,332
2.4

54,821
74.1
53,585
72.4
1,236
2.3

53,337
74.3
52,037
72.5
1,300
2.4

54,032
73.6
52,699
71.7
1,333
2.5

54,271
73.8
52,925
72.0
1,346
2.5

54,804
73.5
53,498
71.8
1,306
2.4

54,653
73.9
53,308
72.0
1,345
2.5

54,764
74.0
53,426
72.2
1,338
2.4

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Apr.
2016

Men
Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Women
Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,959
10,574
50.4
10,157
48.5
416
3.9
10,385

20,615
10,344
50.2
9,964
48.3
380
3.7
10,271

18,948
9,345
49.3
8,971
47.3
374
4.0
9,603

18,589
9,154
49.2
8,817
47.4
337
3.7
9,435

2,011
1,229
61.1
1,187
59.0
42
3.4
782

2,026
1,190
58.8
1,147
56.6
43
3.6
836

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,958
3,129
79.1
3,002
75.9
127
4.1
828

4,104
3,274
79.8
3,145
76.6
129
3.9
830

3,230
2,607
80.7
2,507
77.6
100
3.8
623

3,379
2,781
82.3
2,676
79.2
104
3.8
598

727
522
71.8
495
68.1
27
5.1
205

725
493
68.0
468
64.6
25
5.0
232

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,248
2,619
80.6
2,514
77.4
105
4.0
629

3,314
2,643
79.7
2,544
76.8
99
3.7
671

2,785
2,263
81.3
2,165
77.8
98
4.3
521

2,815
2,262
80.4
2,176
77.3
86
3.8
553

464
356
76.8
348
75.1
8
2.2
108

499
381
76.3
368
73.7
13
3.3
119

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,573
2,191
25.6
2,111
24.6
80
3.6
6,382

8,134
1,972
24.2
1,900
23.4
72
3.6
6,162

8,266
2,116
25.6
2,036
24.6
80
3.8
6,150

7,840
1,915
24.4
1,843
23.5
72
3.7
5,925

307
75
24.6
75
24.6
0
0.0
232

294
57
19.3
57
19.3
0
–
237

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,180
2,634
50.8
2,530
48.8
104
3.9
2,546

5,063
2,456
48.5
2,376
46.9
80
3.3
2,607

4,667
2,358
50.5
2,263
48.5
96
4.1
2,309

4,555
2,196
48.2
2,122
46.6
74
3.4
2,359

513
275
53.6
267
52.1
8
2.8
238

508
260
51.2
254
50.0
6
2.3
248

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

222,987
146,005
65.5
139,378
62.5
6,627
4.5
76,982

225,046
147,418
65.5
141,599
62.9
5,819
3.9
77,628

98,726
74,087
75.0
70,623
71.5
3,464
4.7
24,639

99,978
74,682
74.7
71,671
71.7
3,011
4.0
25,296

124,261
71,918
57.9
68,755
55.3
3,163
4.4
52,343

125,068
72,736
58.2
69,928
55.9
2,808
3.9
52,332

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2017

Persons with no disability
Apr.
2016

Apr.
2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

29,974
6,108
20.4
5,453
18.2
655
10.7
23,866

30,612
6,166
20.1
5,509
18.0
657
10.7
24,447

222,995
152,380
68.3
145,622
65.3
6,758
4.4
70,615

223,976
153,652
68.6
147,754
66.0
5,898
3.8
70,324

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,633
34.3
2,329
30.3
305
11.6
5,054

2,700
34.3
2,352
29.8
348
12.9
5,181

76,461
82.0
72,923
78.2
3,538
4.6
16,777

76,784
82.4
73,794
79.2
2,989
3.9
16,350

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,377
29.1
2,097
25.6
280
11.8
5,803

2,411
29.8
2,157
26.6
254
10.5
5,691

67,675
70.4
64,694
67.3
2,981
4.4
28,520

68,236
70.9
65,627
68.2
2,610
3.8
27,994

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,097
7.8
1,027
7.3
71
6.4
13,010

1,055
7.2
999
6.8
55
5.2
13,574

8,244
24.6
8,006
23.9
238
2.9
25,318

8,632
24.9
8,333
24.1
299
3.5
25,979

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Apr.
2016

Men
Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Women
Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

40,797
26,596
65.2
25,460
62.4
1,137
4.3
14,200

41,567
27,402
65.9
26,354
63.4
1,049
3.8
14,165

19,830
15,399
77.7
14,831
74.8
568
3.7
4,430

20,238
15,816
78.2
15,300
75.6
516
3.3
4,422

20,967
11,197
53.4
10,629
50.7
568
5.1
9,770

21,329
11,586
54.3
11,054
51.8
532
4.6
9,743

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

212,172
131,891
62.2
125,615
59.2
6,276
4.8
80,281

213,021
132,415
62.2
126,908
59.6
5,507
4.2
80,606

102,384
68,924
67.3
65,471
63.9
3,453
5.0
33,459

102,794
69,035
67.2
66,042
64.2
2,993
4.3
33,759

109,789
62,967
57.4
60,144
54.8
2,823
4.5
46,822

110,227
63,380
57.5
60,867
55.2
2,514
4.0
46,847

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

2,478
1,592
869
17
148,597
139,607
20,615
118,992
747
118,245
8,941
50

2,441
1,552
857
31
150,187
141,495
21,247
120,248
698
119,550
8,640
53

2,587
1,663
900
24
150,676
142,061
20,901
121,160
680
120,480
8,563
53

2,578
1,695
858
–
148,398
139,512
20,350
119,177
–
118,427
8,860
–

2,356
1,470
857
–
149,811
140,773
20,865
119,916
–
119,206
8,991
–

2,418
1,633
795
–
149,582
140,952
20,796
120,189
–
119,467
8,552
–

2,458
1,603
841
–
150,026
141,101
20,843
120,258
–
119,535
8,826
–

2,499
1,647
853
–
150,429
141,663
20,858
120,904
–
120,148
8,707
–

2,646
1,730
879
–
150,481
141,931
20,683
121,281
–
120,592
8,489
–

5,771
3,603
1,994
21,460

5,552
3,407
1,920
21,042

5,058
3,059
1,767
21,257

5,970
3,706
1,993
20,471

5,598
3,401
1,873
21,251

5,840
3,583
1,944
20,487

5,704
3,574
1,864
20,773

5,553
3,402
1,852
20,723

5,272
3,174
1,802
20,700

5,690
3,546
1,984
21,089

5,498
3,383
1,901
20,667

4,990
3,019
1,750
20,849

5,882
3,650
1,986
20,093

5,476
3,310
1,862
20,818

5,769
3,535
1,947
20,136

5,637
3,540
1,853
20,445

5,502
3,386
1,842
20,396

5,197
3,130
1,781
20,349

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

151,075
4,701
1,540
3,161
146,374
13,810
132,564
97,932
33,458
31,533
32,941
34,632

152,628
4,897
1,723
3,174
147,731
14,017
133,714
98,507
34,376
31,584
32,547
35,207

153,262
4,866
1,699
3,167
148,396
14,082
134,314
98,920
34,455
31,833
32,633
35,394

151,028
4,936
1,713
3,240
146,092
13,989
132,010
97,668
33,429
31,454
32,786
34,341

152,111
4,972
1,723
3,253
147,139
14,071
133,065
98,495
34,185
31,611
32,698
34,570

152,081
5,028
1,813
3,219
147,054
14,070
132,956
98,190
34,136
31,553
32,502
34,765

152,528
5,023
1,779
3,252
147,505
14,181
133,252
98,371
34,247
31,614
32,511
34,880

153,000
5,173
1,904
3,269
147,826
14,198
133,639
98,557
34,460
31,592
32,506
35,081

153,156
5,105
1,884
3,244
148,051
14,247
133,741
98,649
34,413
31,745
32,491
35,092

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80,302
2,275
709
1,566
78,028
7,168
70,860
52,414
18,056
17,024
17,334
18,446

80,546
2,374
815
1,559
78,172
7,123
71,049
52,407
18,346
17,005
17,056
18,642

81,341
2,419
853
1,566
78,922
7,214
71,708
52,800
18,415
17,234
17,151
18,908

80,423
2,430
806
1,623
77,993
7,263
70,726
52,398
18,073
17,023
17,303
18,328

80,861
2,482
786
1,699
78,379
7,246
71,114
52,737
18,374
17,054
17,309
18,377

81,013
2,509
871
1,641
78,503
7,302
71,202
52,705
18,472
17,048
17,185
18,497

81,141
2,567
895
1,677
78,573
7,223
71,299
52,687
18,408
17,072
17,206
18,612

81,136
2,581
947
1,636
78,556
7,241
71,315
52,640
18,445
17,086
17,108
18,675

81,419
2,581
957
1,631
78,838
7,293
71,532
52,770
18,426
17,217
17,127
18,762

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70,773
2,427
831
1,596
68,346
6,642
61,704
45,518
15,402
14,509
15,607
16,186

72,082
2,523
909
1,615
69,559
6,894
62,665
46,100
16,031
14,578
15,491
16,565

71,921
2,447
846
1,601
69,474
6,868
62,606
46,120
16,039
14,599
15,481
16,486

70,605
2,506
907
1,617
68,099
6,726
61,284
45,270
15,356
14,432
15,483
16,013

71,250
2,490
938
1,554
68,760
6,825
61,951
45,758
15,812
14,557
15,389
16,193

71,069
2,518
942
1,578
68,550
6,767
61,754
45,485
15,664
14,505
15,317
16,269

71,388
2,456
884
1,574
68,932
6,957
61,953
45,685
15,838
14,541
15,305
16,268

71,863
2,593
956
1,633
69,271
6,958
62,324
45,918
16,014
14,505
15,398
16,406

71,737
2,524
927
1,614
69,213
6,954
62,209
45,879
15,987
14,528
15,364
16,330

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,277
35,333
9,678

45,858
36,288
9,618

46,135
36,079
9,654

45,226
35,233
–

45,252
35,478
–

45,593
35,402
–

46,017
35,640
–

45,907
35,992
–

46,029
35,918
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,742
28,333

124,566
28,062

125,532
27,731

123,259
27,752

124,248
27,895

124,705
27,405

125,031
27,554

125,507
27,603

125,987
27,233

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,383
4.9

8,137
5.3

7,609
5.0

7,416
4.9

7,554
5.0

7,562
5.0

7,822
5.1

7,960
5.2

7,683
5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,518
9,809

5,740
9,497

5,861
9,463

–
9,719

–
9,848

–
9,347

–
9,667

–
9,560

–
9,368

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,910
943
410
502
6,967
1,353
5,601
4,320
1,822
1,304
1,193
1,296

7,202
822
400
412
6,380
1,122
5,256
4,020
1,642
1,289
1,089
1,224

7,056
881
379
465
6,176
1,118
5,041
3,910
1,576
1,190
1,144
1,160

5.0
16.0
19.3
13.4
4.6
8.8
4.1
4.2
5.2
4.0
3.5
3.6

4.7
14.7
17.6
13.1
4.3
8.2
3.9
4.0
4.7
4.0
3.3
3.6

4.8
15.0
16.0
14.5
4.4
8.3
3.9
4.1
4.9
3.9
3.3
3.5

4.7
15.0
18.0
13.5
4.3
8.0
3.9
4.1
4.8
4.1
3.2
3.4

4.5
13.7
17.4
11.2
4.1
7.3
3.8
3.9
4.5
3.9
3.2
3.4

4.4
14.7
16.8
12.5
4.0
7.3
3.6
3.8
4.4
3.6
3.4
3.2

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,228
479
201
247
3,750
762
2,974
2,259
1,019
636
604
715

3,940
449
203
240
3,491
676
2,805
2,151
931
666
554
654

3,755
502
181
295
3,253
668
2,564
1,945
846
601
499
619

5.0
16.5
20.0
13.2
4.6
9.5
4.0
4.1
5.3
3.6
3.4
3.8

4.8
17.1
21.1
14.8
4.4
9.2
3.9
3.9
4.7
3.8
3.2
3.7

4.8
15.9
17.2
15.1
4.4
9.3
3.8
4.0
4.9
3.9
3.1
3.3

4.8
16.0
17.7
15.3
4.3
9.4
3.8
3.9
5.0
3.8
3.0
3.4

4.6
14.8
17.7
12.8
4.3
8.5
3.8
3.9
4.8
3.8
3.1
3.4

4.4
16.3
15.9
15.3
4.0
8.4
3.5
3.6
4.4
3.4
2.8
3.2

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,681
464
208
255
3,218
591
2,627
2,061
804
669
589
579

3,262
372
196
172
2,890
446
2,451
1,869
711
623
536
567

3,301
379
198
169
2,922
451
2,477
1,964
730
589
645
548

5.0
15.6
18.7
13.6
4.5
8.1
4.1
4.4
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.5

4.6
12.0
14.4
11.1
4.3
7.0
3.9
4.1
4.7
4.1
3.5
3.6

4.8
14.2
14.8
13.8
4.4
7.1
4.0
4.2
5.0
4.1
3.5
3.6

4.6
13.9
18.3
11.6
4.3
6.5
4.0
4.2
4.6
4.5
3.5
3.5

4.3
12.6
17.0
9.6
4.0
6.0
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.1
3.4
3.3

4.4
13.1
17.6
9.5
4.1
6.1
3.8
4.1
4.4
3.9
4.0
3.2

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,246
1,134
695

1,228
1,043
557

1,136
1,021
615

2.7
3.1
6.7

2.7
2.9
5.8

2.7
3.1
6.3

2.6
3.1
6.5

2.6
2.8
5.5

2.4
2.8
6.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,592
1,312

5,760
1,414

5,613
1,425

5.1
4.5

4.7
4.9

4.8
4.8

4.6
5.1

4.4
4.9

4.3
5.0

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Apr.
2016

Mar.
2017

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3,716
748
2,968
2,065
903
810
2,163
724

3,812
1,125
2,686
1,880
806
778
2,004
691

3,369
794
2,576
1,795
781
726
1,858
602

3,864
847
3,017
2,066
951
864
2,337
847

3,639
1,033
2,606
1,902
704
905
2,219
783

3,713
1,062
2,651
1,981
670
862
2,170
813

3,709
979
2,730
2,042
688
802
2,197
773

3,519
953
2,567
1,819
748
798
2,066
790

3,538
934
2,604
1,806
799
789
2,032
712

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

50.1
10.1
40.0
10.9
29.2
9.8

52.3
15.5
36.9
10.7
27.5
9.5

51.4
12.1
39.3
11.1
28.4
9.2

48.8
10.7
38.1
10.9
29.5
10.7

48.2
13.7
34.5
12.0
29.4
10.4

49.1
14.0
35.1
11.4
28.7
10.8

49.6
13.1
36.5
10.7
29.4
10.3

49.1
13.3
35.8
11.1
28.8
11.0

50.0
13.2
36.8
11.2
28.7
10.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5

2.4
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.1
0.5
1.2
0.4

2.4
0.5
1.5
0.5

2.3
0.6
1.4
0.5

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5

2.2
0.5
1.3
0.5

2.2
0.5
1.3
0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Apr.
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,164
1,749
3,499
1,390
2,109

2,000
2,269
3,016
1,255
1,761

1,953
1,735
2,868
1,206
1,662

2,573
2,155
3,340
1,281
2,059

2,379
2,156
3,030
1,199
1,831

2,468
2,089
3,043
1,192
1,850

2,566
2,138
2,858
1,057
1,801

2,334
2,109
2,802
1,115
1,687

2,335
2,135
2,734
1,108
1,626

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29.8
13.2

26.1
11.6

25.7
12.1

27.7
11.2

26.0
10.3

25.1
10.2

25.1
10.0

25.3
10.3

24.1
10.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29.2
23.6
47.2
18.8
28.5

27.5
31.1
41.4
17.2
24.2

29.8
26.5
43.7
18.4
25.4

31.9
26.7
41.4
15.9
25.5

31.4
28.5
40.0
15.8
24.2

32.5
27.5
40.0
15.7
24.4

33.9
28.3
37.8
14.0
23.8

32.2
29.1
38.7
15.4
23.3

32.4
29.6
38.0
15.4
22.6

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2017

151,075
59,690

153,262
61,317

7,413
1,251

6,555
1,254

4.7
2.1

4.1
2.0

24,868
34,822
26,357
33,347
15,788
17,559

25,455
35,862
26,370
33,529
15,838
17,692

604
647
1,517
1,753
871
882

581
673
1,426
1,337
688
650

2.4
1.8
5.4
5.0
5.2
4.8

2.2
1.8
5.1
3.8
4.2
3.5

13,751
1,114
7,934
4,703

14,174
1,225
7,930
5,019

942
123
586
233

925
120
657
149

6.4
9.9
6.9
4.7

6.1
8.9
7.6
2.9

17,930
8,927
9,003

17,871
8,491
9,380

1,207
554
653

994
432
562

6.3
5.8
6.8

5.3
4.8
5.7

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2017

7,413
5,735
86
530
702
403
299
1,054
305
131
264
846
632
893
292
148
490
315

6,555
5,121
36
585
620
389
230
844
216
107
229
819
612
819
234
118
379
335

4.7
4.6
9.5
6.0
4.5
4.1
5.2
5.3
4.6
4.8
2.7
5.2
2.7
6.5
4.4
8.9
2.3
3.1

4.1
4.1
4.7
6.3
3.9
3.9
3.8
4.2
3.5
4.1
2.3
4.9
2.6
5.9
3.4
6.9
1.8
3.4

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2016

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Apr.
2017

2.2

1.9

1.8

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

2.3

2.4

2.1

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

4.7

4.6

4.1

5.0

4.7

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.4

5.0

4.8

4.4

5.3

5.0

5.1

5.0

4.8

4.7

5.7

5.5

5.0

6.0

5.7

5.8

5.7

5.4

5.3

9.3

8.9

8.1

9.7

9.2

9.4

9.2

8.9

8.6

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Apr.
2016

Men
Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Women
Apr.
2017

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

94,481
5,671
1,715
568
1,146

94,771
5,560
1,534
455
1,080

37,890
2,658
870
369
500

38,181
2,605
855
319
535

56,592
3,014
845
199
646

56,590
2,955
680
135
544

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,383
4.9
3,904
2,164
242
1,013

7,609
5.0
4,184
2,027
304
1,043

3,598
4.5
2,162
751
171
467

3,782
4.6
2,285
707
185
582

3,785
5.3
1,742
1,413
70
546

3,827
5.3
1,900
1,319
119
461

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

143,894
121,316
19,577

144,292
121,669
19,451

144,953
122,261
19,589

145,979
123,256
19,795

143,826
121,665
19,743

145,773
123,452
19,933

145,852
123,529
19,956

146,063
123,723
19,977

Change
from:
Mar.2017 Apr.2017p
211
194
21

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

669
47.9
621.4
178.2
180.9
51.0
38.3

672
50.1
622.2
176.9
177.2
50.0
39.0

683
48.6
634.0
179.1
179.8
50.1
39.1

693
48.2
644.8
179.4
185.5
50.5
39.0

683
51.6
631.0
181.4
181.6
51.2
38.5

685
51.3
633.2
178.8
184.2
50.3
39.1

694
50.5
643.7
180.2
185.1
50.4
39.3

704
51.1
652.5
181.2
186.2
50.6
39.4

10
0.6
8.8
1.0
1.1
0.2
0.1

91.6
262.3

88.2
268.1

90.6
275.1

96.0
279.9

91.9
268.0

94.7
270.2

95.3
278.4

96.2
285.1

0.9
6.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

6,609
1,466.6
717.0
749.6
943.6
4,198.7
1,825.6
2,373.1

6,479
1,466.5
735.5
731.0
856.2
4,155.8
1,824.1
2,331.7

6,580
1,478.0
738.5
739.5
887.8
4,214.2
1,843.6
2,370.6

6,769
1,495.7
746.4
749.3
958.4
4,314.4
1,900.9
2,413.5

6,704
1,493.4
732.1
761.3
955.5
4,254.8
1,850.3
2,404.5

6,871
1,523.1
766.8
756.3
959.8
4,388.5
1,931.5
2,457.0

6,872
1,524.2
765.5
758.7
964.6
4,383.6
1,925.3
2,458.3

6,877
1,525.5
762.8
762.7
968.9
4,382.1
1,928.9
2,453.2

5
1.3
-2.7
4.0
4.3
-1.5
3.6
-5.1

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,299

12,300

12,326

12,333

12,356

12,377

12,390

12,396

6

7,717
388.6
404.5
377.6
1,427.6
1,083.0
1,048.9
164.3
85.9

7,687
390.7
401.5
378.1
1,422.0
1,082.1
1,032.3
160.2
84.0

7,708
392.3
407.7
379.1
1,425.5
1,081.3
1,034.5
160.5
84.5

7,707
393.7
411.8
380.3
1,427.1
1,082.0
1,031.0
160.4
84.8

7,735
390.7
404.9
379.5
1,427.9
1,085.1
1,051.9
165.2
86.1

7,722
397.0
416.6
378.2
1,423.2
1,083.2
1,035.9
161.5
84.6

7,730
397.4
417.0
379.1
1,428.8
1,081.3
1,036.7
161.3
84.7

7,727
397.6
416.3
380.6
1,425.3
1,083.5
1,035.0
161.3
84.9

-3
0.2
-0.7
1.5
-3.5
2.2
-1.7
0.0
0.2

368.0
395.6

358.2
396.1

359.7
396.2

356.7
395.7

369.3
396.0

359.0
396.8

360.3
396.7

358.0
397.3

-2.3
0.6

35.1
383.2
1,628.2
941.6
387.8

33.8
383.9
1,614.5
939.5
392.1

33.6
385.7
1,620.3
946.5
391.3

33.4
384.0
1,616.0
945.6
391.3

35.2
384.8
1,631.9
943.9
389.1

33.9
385.2
1,616.5
941.2
393.4

33.8
386.4
1,617.1
943.5
392.4

33.7
385.3
1,617.2
946.3
392.8

-0.1
-1.1
0.1
2.8
0.4

587.5

589.8

590.7

590.2

589.4

592.4

593.5

593.3

-0.2

4,582
1,517.5
114.6
114.8
131.8
371.1
448.2
110.8
808.3
699.4

4,613
1,564.5
111.5
111.2
125.9
368.9
437.7
105.9
812.2
698.8

4,618
1,560.3
110.8
110.8
124.1
368.6
439.2
108.3
816.7
700.8

4,626
1,568.2
109.8
111.7
122.8
369.3
437.7
110.3
817.3
699.0

4,621
1,545.2
114.4
116.0
132.2
372.0
449.0
111.7
810.2
698.8

4,655
1,584.3
111.5
112.6
125.8
370.1
440.7
109.8
815.0
700.4

4,660
1,586.4
110.7
111.9
124.5
370.4
439.9
111.3
817.2
700.7

4,669
1,595.5
110.0
112.1
123.7
370.8
438.4
111.8
818.8
700.4

9
9.1
-0.7
0.2
-0.8
0.4
-1.5
0.5
1.6
-0.3

265.0

276.2

278.1

280.3

271.9

285.1

286.9

287.3

0.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

101,739

102,218

102,672

103,461

101,922

103,519

103,573

103,746

173

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26,956

27,002

27,037

27,142

27,177

27,391

27,371

27,390

19

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,846.7
2,923.5
2,029.7

5,864.6
2,924.6
2,036.5

5,878.8
2,933.8
2,045.8

5,900.3
2,943.1
2,057.0

5,861.0
2,931.9
2,033.3

5,905.6
2,941.1
2,057.3

5,906.7
2,944.3
2,060.5

5,914.9
2,951.1
2,062.2

8.2
6.8
1.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2017p

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Change
from:
Mar.2017 Apr.2017p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

893.5

903.5

899.2

900.2

895.8

907.2

901.9

901.6

-0.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,641.1
1,971.5
1,272.5
150.2
548.8
463.5
517.0

15,607.2
1,990.9
1,293.6
146.5
550.8
483.7
509.0

15,618.5
2,000.4
1,298.4
150.1
551.9
479.7
508.3

15,693.0
2,013.0
1,300.8
156.1
556.1
478.8
500.4

15,791.5
1,973.2
1,275.3
149.0
549.0
471.7
528.5

15,887.6
2,011.5
1,301.5
155.0
555.0
484.9
511.0

15,860.2
2,010.9
1,302.3
154.2
554.4
485.6
513.8

15,866.5
2,013.6
1,302.8
155.3
555.5
486.2
511.6

6.3
2.7
0.5
1.1
1.1
0.6
-2.2

1,316.7
3,058.8
1,042.0
917.7
1,301.0

1,233.7
3,064.4
1,057.5
923.8
1,304.6

1,288.2
3,061.6
1,054.3
928.1
1,299.8

1,331.6
3,065.9
1,051.9
933.9
1,299.8

1,267.3
3,083.8
1,048.1
922.2
1,353.9

1,282.8
3,096.6
1,062.4
938.1
1,357.3

1,287.9
3,097.1
1,060.5
939.6
1,350.4

1,282.8
3,096.4
1,059.8
940.7
1,349.8

-5.1
-0.7
-0.7
1.1
-0.6

603.9
3,109.0
1,277.5
1,831.5
818.8
521.2

593.6
3,082.2
1,254.7
1,827.5
814.9
548.9

583.3
3,058.2
1,240.5
1,817.7
809.8
546.8

584.5
3,066.7
1,241.2
1,825.5
819.4
547.1

619.5
3,158.0
1,309.4
1,848.5
832.2
533.1

605.3
3,151.5
1,288.0
1,863.5
832.4
553.8

603.7
3,119.9
1,277.6
1,842.4
834.7
556.1

604.7
3,127.4
1,277.0
1,850.4
835.5
558.0

1.0
7.5
-0.6
8.0
0.8
1.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,914.7
472.9
215.0
65.2
1,434.0

4,977.9
477.3
209.0
61.8
1,442.4

4,986.5
481.9
209.7
62.6
1,448.9

4,994.2
483.9
209.7
63.8
1,460.7

4,969.3
473.7
214.9
66.0
1,451.5

5,042.7
481.9
210.3
64.3
1,471.3

5,049.3
483.6
210.6
64.4
1,476.1

5,052.8
484.1
210.1
64.4
1,476.0

3.5
0.5
-0.5
0.0
-0.1

499.0
50.2
30.6
657.6
595.3
894.9

483.0
47.9
25.4
657.4
636.1
937.6

484.4
47.9
27.5
660.2
627.2
936.2

477.6
47.2
31.8
665.7
616.1
937.7

484.2
49.9
34.3
659.5
630.0
905.3

470.6
48.0
35.1
662.1
653.2
945.9

468.9
48.0
35.5
663.9
652.1
946.2

464.5
47.6
36.0
666.1
655.3
948.7

-4.4
-0.4
0.5
2.2
3.2
2.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

553.3

551.9

553.3

554.0

555.5

555.5

555.2

555.9

0.7

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,784
726.6

2,745
726.8

2,734
725.2

2,729
723.6

2,781
729.3

2,748
728.8

2,742
727.8

2,735
726.6

-7
-1.2

428.9
270.8
803.2

412.5
264.6
775.9

405.5
266.7
769.4

410.4
262.6
763.7

421.0
271.0
805.1

409.7
265.2
775.6

408.1
266.1
770.4

409.7
262.7
765.1

1.6
-3.4
-5.3

300.3
254.2

299.0
266.2

299.0
267.7

301.0
267.4

298.5
255.9

300.5
267.7

300.6
268.7

301.2
269.5

0.6
0.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

8,208
6,102.4
18.5

8,338
6,200.4
18.9

8,356
6,206.2
18.8

8,383
6,215.2
18.7

8,249
6,123.9
18.6

8,399
6,215.1
18.8

8,403
6,217.8
18.8

8,422
6,233.3
18.8

19
15.5
0.0

2,596.5
1,693.2
1,306.2
606.2
297.1

2,639.5
1,711.0
1,314.2
621.6
306.9

2,644.2
1,714.2
1,315.2
621.3
308.7

2,643.9
1,712.3
1,314.1
621.1
310.5

2,606.4
1,696.4
1,307.8
611.2
298.8

2,645.3
1,714.0
1,314.6
622.6
308.7

2,647.7
1,714.8
1,315.2
622.6
310.3

2,648.6
1,714.7
1,314.9
623.0
310.8

0.9
-0.1
-0.3
0.4
0.5

921.8
2,565.6
2,105.4
1,532.9
549.3
23.2

931.2
2,610.8
2,138.0
1,574.4
540.6
23.0

931.7
2,611.5
2,150.0
1,578.1
548.9
23.0

931.0
2,621.6
2,167.3
1,589.5
554.8
23.0

926.0
2,572.9
2,124.6
1,542.9
558.2
23.5

935.1
2,615.9
2,183.9
1,600.7
559.9
23.3

936.0
2,615.3
2,185.3
1,598.3
563.7
23.3

936.6
2,629.3
2,188.6
1,601.8
563.4
23.4

0.6
14.0
3.3
3.5
-0.3
0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Change
from:
Mar.2017 Apr.2017p

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,970
8,861.4
1,114.5
1,065.6
1,390.6
137.2

20,216
9,119.7
1,118.0
1,118.7
1,417.8
141.0

20,339
9,119.7
1,118.4
1,106.1
1,428.2
141.3

20,556
9,156.0
1,120.2
1,096.3
1,435.2
142.4

19,994
8,793.7
1,119.3
970.1
1,399.7
137.7

20,510
9,058.5
1,123.7
995.3
1,439.0
142.7

20,567
9,078.9
1,123.0
997.6
1,445.9
143.2

20,606
9,102.0
1,124.1
1,002.8
1,448.0
143.2

39
23.1
1.1
5.2
2.1
0.0

1,968.0

2,043.5

2,029.2

2,042.3

1,970.4

2,044.5

2,047.1

2,049.7

2.6

1,345.6

1,402.2

1,410.2

1,424.1

1,352.6

1,416.9

1,424.0

1,431.7

7.7

673.6
486.5
679.8
2,222.7
8,885.7
8,485.5
487.7
143.2
3,478.9
2,835.2
900.9

695.2
487.0
696.3
2,257.2
8,839.1
8,432.2
511.6
138.0
3,500.1
2,856.1
916.9

697.0
487.4
701.9
2,260.6
8,958.2
8,550.7
515.7
139.6
3,547.7
2,901.1
911.8

697.8
487.8
709.9
2,259.3
9,140.8
8,730.9
518.8
139.7
3,590.0
2,939.4
903.9

675.0
488.3
680.5
2,233.7
8,966.9
8,562.8
488.5
142.1
3,542.4
2,892.9
904.7

698.8
489.5
707.8
2,267.2
9,184.2
8,769.8
513.0
139.0
3,648.3
2,986.5
915.2

699.8
490.5
707.9
2,267.6
9,220.9
8,806.2
517.0
139.3
3,660.3
2,999.5
915.0

700.0
491.0
711.7
2,268.8
9,235.4
8,821.3
518.8
139.6
3,665.9
3,005.3
912.5

0.2
0.5
3.8
1.2
14.5
15.1
1.8
0.3
5.6
5.8
-2.5

216.8
889.3
2,056.4
312.3

213.9
899.3
1,935.1
317.3

215.2
905.6
1,994.6
320.5

214.2
906.6
2,133.4
324.3

216.6
897.5
2,059.3
311.6

216.9
909.9
2,106.4
321.1

216.1
912.5
2,124.3
321.7

213.9
912.0
2,134.2
324.3

-2.2
-0.5
9.9
2.6

400.2

406.9

407.5

409.9

404.1

414.4

414.7

414.1

-0.6

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,679
3,731.8
18,947.1
15,309.2
7,016.0
2,502.6
918.2
845.2
845.6
263.3
1,354.0

23,077
3,776.1
19,300.6
15,603.3
7,207.8
2,563.0
938.8
884.6
890.4
259.0
1,381.4

23,113
3,786.4
19,326.1
15,615.8
7,212.8
2,562.2
937.0
887.7
897.1
257.9
1,383.3

23,176
3,800.1
19,375.4
15,642.2
7,235.6
2,568.3
937.6
891.8
897.5
258.0
1,392.1

22,495
3,549.0
18,945.7
15,335.4
7,026.6
2,507.9
920.9
846.2
846.5
263.1
1,354.3

22,956
3,627.7
19,328.0
15,638.5
7,225.4
2,567.0
939.8
888.3
891.6
259.6
1,387.8

22,966
3,622.0
19,344.4
15,652.8
7,233.1
2,567.2
941.2
891.0
897.3
258.4
1,389.2

23,007
3,625.9
19,381.2
15,672.3
7,247.3
2,574.1
940.3
892.5
897.7
258.1
1,393.9

41
3.9
36.8
19.5
14.2
6.9
-0.9
1.5
0.4
-0.3
4.7

287.1
4,996.3
3,296.9
1,634.5
612.4

290.6
5,078.7
3,316.8
1,638.9
616.6

287.6
5,089.7
3,313.3
1,634.1
618.2

290.3
5,086.2
3,320.4
1,635.3
620.5

287.8
5,002.1
3,306.7
1,640.1
614.3

291.3
5,085.5
3,327.6
1,644.3
618.6

288.8
5,092.7
3,327.0
1,642.7
619.2

290.7
5,096.9
3,328.1
1,640.9
620.6

1.9
4.2
1.1
-1.8
1.4

887.4
162.6
3,637.9
2,213.1
160.5
339.5
924.8

897.2
164.1
3,697.3
2,275.1
168.4
329.6
924.2

897.9
163.1
3,710.3
2,278.5
168.8
331.8
931.2

899.0
165.6
3,733.2
2,297.0
168.2
332.5
935.5

889.1
163.2
3,610.3
2,206.4
160.9
340.9
902.2

899.7
165.0
3,689.5
2,278.0
167.7
333.5
910.3

900.3
164.7
3,691.6
2,276.6
168.4
334.8
911.9

900.7
165.9
3,708.9
2,293.7
167.4
334.7
913.1

0.4
1.2
17.3
17.1
-1.0
-0.1
1.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .

15,470
2,176.2
470.0

15,167
2,020.3
412.2

15,397
2,065.2
423.5

15,745
2,194.7
462.2

15,552
2,227.5
458.1

15,792
2,253.4
450.2

15,801
2,235.3
443.0

15,856
2,256.7
449.4

55
21.4
6.4

155.8
1,550.4
13,293.7

148.9
1,459.2
13,147.1

152.9
1,488.8
13,331.3

160.4
1,572.1
13,550.0

158.0
1,611.4
13,324.4

162.9
1,640.3
13,538.9

162.1
1,630.2
13,565.7

163.6
1,643.7
13,599.4

1.5
13.5
33.7

Industry

Private service-providing - Continued

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Change
from:
Mar.2017 Apr.2017p

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,895.3
11,398.4

1,861.7
11,285.4

1,883.3
11,448.0

1,911.1
11,638.9

1,944.1
11,380.3

1,951.4
11,587.5

1,951.8
11,613.9

1,959.3
11,640.1

7.5
26.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,672
1,294.8
1,441.4
2,935.9

5,673
1,287.1
1,450.7
2,935.3

5,696
1,293.7
1,460.4
2,942.0

5,730
1,296.9
1,482.9
2,950.6

5,674
1,290.6
1,438.6
2,944.6

5,723
1,292.4
1,471.6
2,959.1

5,723
1,293.1
1,471.4
2,958.9

5,730
1,291.8
1,479.1
2,959.2

7
-1.3
7.7
0.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,578
2,777.0
2,174.7
602.2
5,252.0
2,574.6
2,677.7
14,549.0
8,230.4
6,318.9

22,623
2,800.0
2,185.1
614.6
5,233.0
2,566.8
2,666.2
14,590.0
8,262.5
6,327.3

22,692
2,797.0
2,180.9
615.6
5,249.0
2,577.4
2,672.0
14,646.0
8,301.2
6,344.4

22,723
2,800.0
2,185.7
614.1
5,260.0
2,590.3
2,670.1
14,663.0
8,284.2
6,378.6

22,161
2,769.0
2,178.6
590.1
5,089.0
2,409.8
2,679.3
14,303.0
7,904.4
6,399.0

22,321
2,815.0
2,199.0
615.6
5,093.0
2,417.4
2,675.5
14,413.0
7,955.8
6,457.3

22,323
2,812.0
2,196.0
616.3
5,094.0
2,417.2
2,676.3
14,417.0
7,964.1
6,453.0

22,340
2,806.0
2,195.0
610.5
5,094.0
2,420.1
2,673.6
14,440.0
7,972.3
6,467.8

17
-6.0
-1.0
-5.8
0.0
2.9
-2.7
23.0
8.2
14.8

Industry

Accommodation and food services Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.4
40.3
43.0
39.1
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.3
34.4
38.9
31.1
38.8
42.3
36.0
37.6
36.1
32.8
26.1
31.9

34.3
40.3
44.2
39.1
40.7
41.3
39.9
33.2
34.2
39.0
30.8
38.7
41.9
36.3
37.4
36.0
32.9
25.9
31.8

34.3
40.1
44.7
38.7
40.6
41.1
39.7
33.2
34.2
38.9
30.9
38.4
42.3
36.3
37.3
36.0
32.9
26.0
31.9

34.4
40.3
44.9
39.2
40.7
41.1
39.9
33.3
34.5
39.0
31.2
38.7
41.4
36.4
37.5
36.1
32.9
26.1
31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.3
3.3
3.2

3.2
3.2
3.2

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$25.54
26.79
32.12
27.96
25.87
27.18
23.61
25.24
22.23
29.40
17.81
23.08
38.22
36.28
32.15
30.68
25.67
14.76
22.93

$26.10
27.32
32.54
28.48
26.39
27.63
24.27
25.81
22.62
29.99
18.01
23.59
38.61
37.56
32.79
31.37
26.11
15.26
23.62

$26.12
27.34
32.57
28.54
26.39
27.62
24.28
25.84
22.62
29.93
18.00
23.66
38.88
37.55
32.73
31.59
26.07
15.33
23.48

$26.19
27.47
32.56
28.55
26.57
27.80
24.45
25.89
22.61
29.93
18.01
23.68
39.23
37.96
32.86
31.62
26.15
15.40
23.53

$878.58
1,079.64
1,381.16
1,093.24
1,052.91
1,119.82
942.04
840.49
764.71
1,143.66
553.89
895.50
1,616.71
1,306.08
1,208.84
1,107.55
841.98
385.24
731.47

$895.23
1,101.00
1,438.27
1,113.57
1,074.07
1,141.12
968.37
856.89
773.60
1,169.61
554.71
912.93
1,617.76
1,363.43
1,226.35
1,129.32
859.02
395.23
751.12

$895.92
1,096.33
1,455.88
1,104.50
1,071.43
1,135.18
963.92
857.89
773.60
1,164.28
556.20
908.54
1,644.62
1,363.07
1,220.83
1,137.24
857.70
398.58
749.01

$900.94
1,107.04
1,461.94
1,119.16
1,081.40
1,142.58
975.56
862.14
780.05
1,167.27
561.91
916.42
1,624.12
1,381.74
1,232.25
1,141.48
860.34
401.94
750.61

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2017 Apr.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

105.0
90.6
92.3
90.4
90.5
89.7
92.0
109.2
101.7
99.5
99.8
110.4
101.7
91.4
101.6
113.5
120.5
115.8
104.4

106.3
91.5
95.1
92.6
90.6
89.8
92.7
110.6
101.9
100.5
99.4
111.7
100.7
91.1
102.9
116.1
123.3
116.7
104.9

106.3
91.2
97.5
91.7
90.5
89.4
92.3
110.6
101.8
100.3
99.6
111.0
101.6
90.9
102.7
116.5
123.4
117.2
105.3

106.8
91.7
99.3
92.9
90.8
89.4
93.0
111.1
102.8
100.6
100.6
111.9
99.6
90.9
103.4
117.0
123.6
118.1
105.4

0.5
0.5
1.8
1.3
0.3
0.0
0.8
0.5
1.0
0.3
1.0
0.8
-2.0
0.0
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.8
0.1

1

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2017 Apr.
2017p

128.3
109.8
119.0
109.8
108.8
108.3
110.2
133.9
121.7
122.1
117.5
129.2
128.4
118.1
127.4
141.1
148.8
137.9
131.2

132.6
113.0
124.3
114.6
111.2
110.2
114.1
138.7
124.0
125.8
118.3
133.7
128.5
121.8
131.6
147.6
154.9
143.7
135.8

132.8
112.7
127.5
113.7
111.1
109.7
113.7
138.9
123.9
125.2
118.5
133.2
130.5
121.5
131.0
149.0
154.7
145.0
135.5

133.7
113.9
129.8
115.3
112.2
110.4
115.3
139.8
125.1
125.7
119.7
134.5
129.1
122.9
132.6
149.9
155.5
146.7
135.9

0.7
1.1
1.8
1.4
1.0
0.6
1.4
0.6
1.0
0.4
1.0
1.0
-1.1
1.2
1.2
0.6
0.5
1.2
0.3

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

71,186
58,482
4,316
101
837
3,378
1,805
1,573
54,166
11,053
1,733.3
7,986.8
1,202.1
131.2
1,108
4,697
8,955
17,316
8,065
2,972
12,704

72,238
59,431
4,364
100
863
3,401
1,805
1,596
55,067
11,064
1,745.9
7,959.4
1,230.2
128.0
1,097
4,760
9,223
17,692
8,216
3,015
12,807

72,257
59,443
4,367
101
859
3,407
1,809
1,598
55,076
11,035
1,741.7
7,937.6
1,228.4
127.3
1,092
4,760
9,249
17,703
8,218
3,019
12,814

72,341
59,512
4,375
102
862
3,411
1,810
1,601
55,137
11,039
1,741.4
7,938.1
1,231.7
128.0
1,092
4,765
9,255
17,728
8,233
3,025
12,829

49.5
48.1
21.9
14.8
12.5
27.3
23.3
34.0
53.1
40.7
29.6
50.6
24.2
23.6
39.8
56.9
44.8
77.0
51.9
52.4
57.3

49.6
48.1
21.9
14.6
12.6
27.5
23.4
34.3
53.2
40.4
29.6
50.1
24.4
23.0
39.9
56.7
45.0
77.1
52.0
52.7
57.4

49.5
48.1
21.9
14.6
12.5
27.5
23.4
34.3
53.2
40.3
29.5
50.0
24.3
22.9
39.8
56.6
45.0
77.1
52.0
52.8
57.4

49.5
48.1
21.9
14.5
12.5
27.5
23.4
34.3
53.1
40.3
29.4
50.0
24.4
23.0
39.9
56.6
44.9
77.1
51.9
52.8
57.4

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

100,179
14,229
482
5,068
8,679
5,323
3,356
85,950
22,853
4,686.0
13,424.7
4,297.0
445.2
2,243
6,391
16,357
19,721
13,679
4,706

101,784
14,364
482
5,193
8,689
5,311
3,378
87,420
23,044
4,725.4
13,494.4
4,376.9
447.1
2,213
6,530
16,801
20,158
13,932
4,742

101,864
14,378
491
5,190
8,697
5,315
3,382
87,486
23,031
4,732.9
13,468.0
4,381.8
447.8
2,209
6,530
16,852
20,173
13,947
4,744

101,991
14,397
500
5,193
8,704
5,309
3,395
87,594
23,046
4,743.2
13,466.5
4,388.5
448.0
2,205
6,539
16,866
20,206
13,984
4,748

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.6
41.1
44.9
39.5
41.8
42.2
41.1
32.4
33.5
38.6
29.8
38.8
42.3
35.6
37.1
35.5
32.2
24.9
30.9

33.6
41.3
45.9
39.8
41.9
42.4
41.3
32.4
33.6
38.8
30.0
38.3
42.2
35.7
36.9
35.3
32.3
24.8
30.8

33.6
41.0
45.8
39.4
41.7
42.2
41.0
32.3
33.6
38.8
30.0
38.0
42.6
35.7
36.9
35.3
32.2
24.8
30.8

33.7
41.2
46.0
39.8
41.8
42.1
41.3
32.4
33.8
38.8
30.3
38.3
41.8
35.8
36.9
35.4
32.1
24.9
30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.3
4.5
4.1

4.2
4.3
4.0

4.2
4.3
4.1

4.2
4.2
4.1

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$21.46
22.46
27.13
25.72
20.39
21.46
18.63
21.25
18.94
24.11
15.03
20.88
35.10
29.84
26.11
25.27
22.47
12.78
19.28

$21.86
22.87
27.54
26.29
20.64
21.61
19.08
21.65
19.20
24.58
15.22
21.04
36.00
30.36
26.29
25.83
22.89
13.18
19.84

$21.90
22.94
27.76
26.39
20.69
21.65
19.14
21.69
19.24
24.54
15.24
21.14
36.25
30.44
26.38
25.91
22.88
13.24
19.73

$21.96
22.96
27.83
26.36
20.72
21.63
19.26
21.75
19.26
24.66
15.26
21.17
36.08
30.54
26.49
26.01
22.95
13.30
19.81

$721.06
923.11
1,218.14
1,015.94
852.30
905.61
765.69
688.50
634.49
930.65
447.89
810.14
1,484.73
1,062.30
968.68
897.09
723.53
318.22
595.75

$734.50
944.53
1,264.09
1,046.34
864.82
916.26
788.00
701.46
645.12
953.70
456.60
805.83
1,519.20
1,083.85
970.10
911.80
739.35
326.86
611.07

$735.84
940.54
1,271.41
1,039.77
862.77
913.63
784.74
700.59
646.46
952.15
457.20
803.32
1,544.25
1,086.71
973.42
914.62
736.74
328.35
607.68

$740.05
945.95
1,280.18
1,049.13
866.10
910.62
795.44
704.70
650.99
956.81
462.38
810.81
1,508.14
1,093.33
977.48
920.75
736.70
331.17
610.15

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2017 Apr.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112.1
89.4
115.0
100.2
83.3
84.4
81.3
118.6
106.7
106.5
101.3
125.5
96.3
91.1
111.6
130.1
135.4
124.8
102.0

113.9
90.7
117.6
103.5
83.6
84.6
82.2
120.6
107.9
108.0
102.5
126.2
96.5
90.2
113.4
132.9
138.8
126.6
102.4

114.0
90.1
119.5
102.4
83.3
84.3
81.7
120.3
107.9
108.1
102.3
125.3
97.6
90.0
113.4
133.3
138.5
126.7
102.5

114.5
90.6
122.2
103.5
83.5
84.0
82.6
120.9
108.6
108.4
103.3
126.5
95.8
90.1
113.6
133.8
138.3
127.5
102.6

0.4
0.6
2.3
1.1
0.2
-0.4
1.1
0.5
0.6
0.3
1.0
1.0
-1.8
0.1
0.2
0.4
-0.1
0.6
0.1

1

Apr.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017p

Apr.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2017 Apr.
2017p

160.8
122.9
181.5
139.2
111.0
113.1
107.0
172.8
144.2
151.3
130.4
166.2
141.1
134.6
179.3
195.7
200.8
181.1
143.3

166.5
127.0
188.3
146.9
112.8
114.2
110.8
179.1
147.8
156.3
133.7
168.4
145.0
135.5
183.5
204.3
209.7
189.4
148.1

166.9
126.5
192.9
145.9
112.6
113.9
110.5
179.0
148.1
156.3
133.6
168.1
147.6
135.6
184.1
205.6
209.2
190.5
147.3

168.1
127.4
197.8
147.3
113.2
113.4
112.4
180.3
149.2
157.4
135.1
169.9
144.2
136.2
185.1
207.1
209.5
192.6
148.0

0.7
0.7
2.5
1.0
0.5
-0.4
1.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.1
1.1
-2.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.1
1.1
0.5

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.