Full text of Employment and Earnings : August 1994

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
August 1994




U.S. DEPARTMENT O F LABOR
Robert B. Reich, Secretary

August 1994
Vol. 41 No. 8

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

Calendar of Features
E&E— Employment and Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840), is
prepared in the Office of Employment and Unemployment
Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications
and Special Studies. The data are collected by the Bureau of
the Census (Department of Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in cooperation with the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. A brief description of the cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with these agencies is presented
in the Explanatory Notes. The State agencies are listed on
the inside back cover.

In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earningsy special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages

Jan.

Union affiliation

Jan.

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Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

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Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era
veterans and nonveterans, and weekly
earnings data.

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data

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addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings, Bureau of
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concerning the data in this publication should be directed as
follows: Household data, (202) 606-6373 or 6378; national
establishment data, 606-6555; State and area establishment
data, 606-6559; and State and area labor force data,
606-6392.

National annual averages:

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National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and
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Revised historical national data

Bulletin1

State and area annual revisions

March

Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May




Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail

Mar., June

Women employees

Mar., June

June

State and area labor force data
Annual revisions
Annual averages
1

A new bulletin is forthcoming.

March
May

Employment and Earnings
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, July 1994
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

2
4
5
7
135
172

Statistical tables

Source

Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Regional
State
Area




Not

IT- • • i
Historical

Seasonally
,.
,J

9

11

20

43

47
52

64
77
77

44

60

96
119

123
125

„
seasonally
adjusted

130
130

Monthly Household Data
Page

Historical
A-l.
A-2.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1961 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1983 to date

9
10

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3.
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

11
12

A-5.

Employment and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

14

Characteristics of the Employed
A-6.
A-7.

Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
Employed persons by age and sex

15
16

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-8.
A-9.
A-10.
A-ll.
A-12.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

16
17
18
19
19

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-l 3.
A-14.
A-l 5.
A - l 6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

20
23
24
26

Characteristics of the Employed
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A—23.
A-24.
A-25.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working
less than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or
part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

27
28
29
30
31
31
32
33
34

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.

Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons, total and full-time workers, by duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

35
36
37
38
39
39
40
41

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-34.

Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

41

Multiple Jobholders
A-35.

Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics

42

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-36.




Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age

42

Monthly Establishment Data
Page

Historical
B-l.
B-2.

Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1943 to date
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date

43
44

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry
and manufacturing group
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change
States
B—7.

Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

47
49

'.,

50
51
52

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry

60
61
62
63

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
B-l 3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

64
76

States and Areas
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

77

Hours and Earnings
National
B-l 5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by detailed industry
B-l 5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-l 6. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l 7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l 8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in
States and selected areas

96
116
117
118

119

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l.
C-2.

Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions
Labor force status by State

123
125

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-3.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas

130

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

135
135
136

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error
Tables 1-B through 1-H

137
137
137
140
140
141
143
143
144
144
145
146
146
146
146
146
146
147
147
147
147
148

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts

155
155
155




136

Page

Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methodology table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

157
158
158
158
158
158
159
160
160
161
161
161
161
161
162
162
162
165

Regional, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

168
168
168
168
168
169
169

Seasonal adjustment

170

169
169
169
169

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, July 1994

Job growth continued in July and unemployment was little
changed. The number of nonfarm payroll jobs rose by
259,000 over the month, with gains concentrated in services
and retail trade. The unemployment rate was 6.1 percent; it
had been 6.0 percent in the prior 2 months.
Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons, 8.0 million, and
the unemployment rate, 6.1 percent, were about unchanged
in July, after seasonal adjustment. The jobless rate had declined by 0.7 percentage point from January to May and has
been relatively flat for the past 2 months. (See table A-3.)
The only major worker group that showed a significant
change in joblessness in July was adult men, whose unemployment rate increased by 0.3 percentage point to 5.6 percent, the same rate as in April. Rates for adult women
(5.3 percent), teenagers (17.7 percent), whites (5.4 percent), blacks (11.2 percent), and Hispanics (10.1 percent)
showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-3
and A-4.)
The number of persons who were unemployed because
they had lost their last jobs or completed temporary jobs increased by 240,000 in July, to 3.9 million. Due to declines
earlier in the year, however, that level is still down by about
half a million since January. The number of unemployed new
entrants to the labor force increased by 125,000 in July, after
declining by a similar magnitude in June. (See table A-ll.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment was about unchanged in July at 122.5
million, after seasonal adjustment. The employment-to-population ratio has hovered around 62.2 percent for most of 1994.
(See table A-3.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic
reasons fell by 360,000 in July to 4.4 million, after seasonal
adjustment, while those working part time for noneconomic
reasons increased to 18.1 million. (See table A-6.) The number of workers holding two or more jobs in July totaled 7.2
million (not seasonally adjusted), or 5.8 percent of all employed persons (table A-35).
The civilian labor force was about unchanged in July and
has shown no net growth thus far this year. As a result, the
proportion of the population in the labor force has declined
by 0.4 percentage point since January. (See table A-3.)




Discouraged workers
The number of discouraged workers—persons who want
jobs but have given up searching because they do not think
they could find work—was 542,000 in July (not seasonally
adjusted). An additional 1.3 million former jobseekers reported that they would like to have a job and were available
to work in July, but were not currently looking for reasons
such as family obligations. (See table A-34.)
Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment continued to show strength
in July, rising by 259,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis. This
followed an even larger increase in June. (See table B-3.) So
far this year, employment has grown by 2.0 million, a
monthly average gain of 279,000.
Employment in the services industries rose by 138,000.
About half of this advance took place in business services,
with almost two-thirds in personnel supply firms. Health and
social services accounted for much of the remaining increase.
Weakness in two seasonal industries—amusement and recreation, and hotels—occurred because a late survey week in
June picked up some of the job growth normally recorded in
July.
Retail trade employment increased by 75,000 in July, with
eating and drinking establishments, furniture stores, and food
stores accounting for the bulk of the expansion. The transportation and public utilities industry added 14,000 jobs, all
in the transportation component. Wholesale trade had a
smaller employment increase than it has had in recent
months. Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate
was flat over the month, as continued job losses in
nondepository institutions (primarily among mortgage bankers) offset additional gains in real estate.
Construction employment was up by 25,000 in July (seasonally adjusted), its average increase for the past year. Hiring has slowed, however, compared with the rapid pace in
March and April. Mining resumed its pattern of small
monthly employment losses.
The number of factory jobs edged up by 6,000 in July,
but employment growth was held down as the number of
workers on strike (and therefore not on payrolls) rose by
12,000. Among the nondurable goods industries, food processing, printing and publishing, and rubber and plastics had
job gains that were partially offset by losses in apparel. Within

durables, declines took place in transportation equipment,
particularly aircraft and parts, and industrial machinery (due
to strikes). There were continued job gains in the furniture
industry.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in July
at 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek fell by 0.1 hour for the third consecutive month to 41.9
hours, which was still half an hour higher than a year earlier.
Factory overtime was unchanged over the month at 4.6 hours.
(See table B-8.)




As a result of the employment increase, the index of aggregate hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls rose 0.4 percent to 129.2 (1982=100)
in July. The manufacturing index edged down 0.3 percent to
105.0. (See table B-9.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Both average hourly and weekly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls rose
0.4 percent in July, after seasonal adjustment, to $11.12 and
$384.75, respectively. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 2.8 percent and average weekly earnings
by 3.1 percent. (See tables B-ll and B-15.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

August

September 2

November

December 2

September

October 7

December

January 6

October

November 4

January

February 3

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1994

1993
Category
July

Aug.

Sept.

Nov.

Oct.

Jan.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

196,213
130.580
66.6
122.037
62.2
8.543
65.633

196.363
130.747
66.6
122.338
62.3
8,408
65,616

196.510
130.774
66.5
122,872
62.5
7,902
65,736

196,693
130,248
66.2
122.430
62.2
7,817
66,445

196,859
130.457
66.3
122,452
62.2
8,005
66.403

6.5
5.8
6.0
17.8
5.7
12.5
10.0

6.4
5.6
5.6
19.9
5.6
11.8
10.8

6.0
5.2
5.4
18.3
5.2
11.5
9.5

6.0
5.3
5.4
16.9
5.3
11.2
10.3

6.1
5.6
5.3
17.7
5.4
11.2
10.1

Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

193.633
128.102
66.2
119.370
61.6
8.732
65,531

193,793
128,334
66.2
119,692
61.8
8,642
65.459

193.971
128.108
66.0
119.568
61.6
8,540
65,863

194,151
128.580
66.2
119,941
61.8
8,639
65,571

194,321
128,662
66.2
120,332
61.9
8,330
65,659

194.472
128,898
66.3
120,661
62.0
8,237
65,574

195,953
130,667
66.7
121,971
62.2
8,696
65.286

196.090
130,776
66.7
122.258
62.3
8.518
65,314

Unemployment rates
6.8
6.5
5.8
18.4
6.0
12.8
10.8

All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women 20 years and over
Both sexes 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

6.7
6.4
5.7
18.4
5.9
12.5
9.9

6.7
6.3
5.8
17.9
5.8
12.5
10.0

6.7
6.2
5.8
18.9
6.1
11.9
11.4

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years.
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective

6.4
5.8
5.7
17.8
5.6
11.5
10.5

6.5
5.9
5.7
18.3
5.6
12.5
10.4

6.7
5.9
6.0
18.4
5.8
13.1
10.6

6.5
6.0
5.7
17.9
5.6
12.9
10.0

January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1993

1994

Industry
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Jan.

Dec.

Feb.

Apr.

May

June*

July?

112,699
93,718
23,506

113,307

113.566
94,551

6,028
20,137
6,791
31.497
18.981

112.951
93.937
23,519
603
4,907
18,009
89,432
5.843
6.037
20.153
6.787
31,598
19,014

Employment
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

110,628
91,802
23,232

606
4,653
17,973
87,396
5,800
5,962
19,735
6,718
30,355
18.826

110.714
91,892
23,207
602
4.659
17.946
87.507

5,786
5,954
19,770
6,724
30,451
18,822

111,610

111.112

111.366

92.239
23.245
605

92.479

92,692

23,206
605
4,667
17,934
87,717
5,783
5,962
19,805
6,735
30,545
18,887

4,700
17,940
87,867
5.798
5.965
19.822
6.748
30.661
18.873

23.281
604
4.733
17,944
88.085
5,800
5,971
19,848
6,763
30,816
18,887

23,298
618
4,738
17,942
88,312
5.792
5.976
19,931
6,769
30,926
18,918

110,923
92,036

111,711
92,810
23,328
616
4,744
17,968
88,383
5,793

111,919

112,298

93,003
23,327

93,357

5,990
19.924

6,003
19,965
6,776
31,129
18,916

6,771
31,004
18,901

612
4,745
17,970
88,592
5,803

23.395
609
4,806
17,980
88,903
5,816
6,013
20,026
6.781
31,326
18,941

606
4,893
18,007
89,193

5,759

94,290
23,564
605
4,923
18,036
89,743

5,846
6,046
20,271
6,800
31.763
19.017

23,592
602
4,948
18,042
89,974
5,860
6.051
20.346
6.801
31.901
19,015

Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

256
234
7
-2
21
-12
249
11
13
40
14
149
22

86
90
-25
-4
6
-27
111
-14
-8
35
6
96
-4

209
144
-1
3
8
-12
210
-3
8
35
11
94
65

189
203
39
0
33
6
150
15
3
17
13
116
-14

254
240
36
-1
33
4
218
2
6
26
15
155
14

244
213
17
14
5
-2
227
-8
5
83
6
110
31

101
118
30
-2
6
26
71
1
14
-7
2
78
-17

259

208
193
-1
-4
1
2
209
10
13
41
5
125
15

379
354
68
-3
61
10
311
13
10
61
5
197
25

401
361
111
-3
87
27
290
-57
15
111
10
171
40

252
219
13
-3
14
2
239
84
9
16
-4
101
33

356
353
45
2
16
27
311
3
9
118
13
165
3

34.3
41.3
4.5

34.6
42.1
4.7

34.7
42.2
4.8

34.8
42.1
4.7

34.6
42.0
4.6

41.9

261
28
-3
25
6

231
14
5
75
1
138
-2

Hours of work1
Total private
Manufacturing ...
Overtime

34.5
41.4
4.1

34.6
41.5
4.1

34.4
41.5
4.2

34.5
41.6
4.3

34.6
41.7
4.4

34.5
41.7
4.4

34.8
41.7
4.5

34.6
4.6

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 1
Total private
Manufacturing ...

124.6
102.3

125.1
102.4

124.4
102.5

125.3
102.9

125.8
103.3

125.9
103.3

127.1
103.7

125.6
102.8

127.3
104.9

128.2
105.4

129.1
105.1

128.7
105.3

129.2
105.0

$11.03
7.42
378.33

$11.02
7.39
381.29

$11.05
7.40
383.44

$11.09
7.42
385.93

$11.08
7.39
383.37

$11.12
N.A.
$384.75

Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars •.
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private .
1

$10.82
7.38

373.29

$10.86
7.39
375.76

$10.88
7.40
374.27

$10.92

7.39
376.74

Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)
is used to deflate this series.
2




$10.94
7.39
378.52

$10.96
7.40
378.12

$11.02
7.43
383.50

N.A. = not available.
? = preliminary,

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
1990-94
Thousands
114,000

Thousands
114,000

108,000 -

- 108,000

, t

107,000
1990

1991

i , . .

1992

i , ,

1993

107,000
1994

NOTE: Shaded area represents recession.

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1990-94
Percent
8.0




1990

Percent
8.0

1991

1992

1993

1994

NOTE: Shaded area represents recession. Household data beginning in January 1994
reflect: 1) The introduction of the results of a major redesign of the Current Population
Survey questionnaire and collection methodology, and 2) the introduction of population
controls based on the 1990 census, adjusted for the estimated population undercount, and
are not directly comparable with data for prior years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstltutlonal population 16 years and over, 1961 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1961 ...
1962 1 ..,
1963 ...
1964 ...
1965 ...
1966 ...
1967 ...
1968 ...
1969 ...

118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

55.4
55.5
55.4
55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970 ...
1971 ...
19721 ..
1973 1 ...
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976 ...
1977 ...
1978 1 ..
1979 ...

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980 ...
1981 ...
1982 ...
1983 ...
1984 ...
1985 ...
19861 ..
1987 ...
1988 ...
1989 ...

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

1990
1991
1992
1993

188,049
189,765
191,576
193,550

124,787
125,303
126,982
128,040

66.4
66.0
66.3
66.2

117,914
116,877
117,598
119,306

62.7
61.6
61.4
61.6

3,186
3,233
3,207
3,074

114,728
113,644
114,391
116,232

6,874
8,426
9,384
8,734

5.5
6.7
7.4
6.8

63,262
64,462
64,593
65,509

...
...
...
...

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1993:
July
August
September
October....
November
December

193,633
193,793
193,971
194,151
194,321
194,472

128,102
128,334
128,108
128,580
128,662
128,898

66.2
66.2
66.0
66.2
66.2
66.3

119,370
119,692
119,568
119,941
120,332
120,661

61.6
61.8
61.6
61.8
61.9
62.0

3,043
3,005
3,093
3,021
3,114
3,096

116,327
116,687
116,475
116,920
117,218
117,565

8,732
8,642
8,540
8,639
8,330
8,237

6.8
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.5
6.4

65,531
65,459
65,863
65,571
65,659
65,574

1994:
January3
February...
March
April
May
June
July

195,953
196,090
196,213
196,363
196,510
196,693
196,859

130,667
130,776
130,580
130,747
130,774
130,248
130,457

66.7
66.7
66.6
66.6
66.5
66.2
66.3

121,971
122,258
122,037
122,338
122,872
122,430
122,452

62.2
62.3
62.2
62.3
62.5
62.2
62.2

3,331
3,391
3,426
3,459
3,435
3,235
3,278

118,639
118,867
118,611
118,880
119,437
119,195
119,173

8,696
8,518
8,543
8,408
7,902
7,817
8,005

6.7
6.5
6.5
6.4
6.0
6.0
6.1

65,286
65,314
65,633
65,616
65,736
66,445
66,403

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Data, beginning in 1994, are not directly comparable with data for
1993 and earlier years because of the introduction of a major redesign of




the Current Population Survey (household survey) questionnaire and
collection methodology and the introduction of 1990 census-based
population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. For additional
information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1983 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Percent
of
population

Number

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

82,531
83,605
84,469
85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762

63,047
63,835
64,411
65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840

76.4
76.4
76.3
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4

56.787
59.091
59.891
60.892
62.107
63,273
64,315

68.8
70.7
70.9
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5

2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513

54,083
56.423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61.802

6,260
4,744
4.521
4.530
4.101
3.655
3.525

9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2

19.484
19,771
20.058
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923

1990
1991
1992
1993

89,650
90,552
91,541
92,620

68,234
68.411
69.184
69,633

76.1
75.5
75.6
75.2

64,435
63,593
63,805
64,700

71.9
70.2
69.7
69.9

2,507
2.552
2,534
2,438

61,928
61.041
61,270
62,263

3,799
4,817
5,380
4,932

5.6
7.0
7.8
7.1

21.417
22,141
22,356
22.987

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1993:
July
August
September
October
November
December

92,669
92,749
92,843
92,941
93,033
93.116

69,730
69,847
69,580
69,820
69,730
69,813

75.2
75.3
74.9
75.1
75.0
75.0

64,728
64,904
64.756
64,971
65,144
65.259

69.8
70.0
69.7
69.9
70.0
70.1

2,391
2,352
2,455
2,376
2.481
2,461

62,337
62,552
62,301
62.595
62.663
62,798

5,002
4,943
4,824
4,849
4,586
4,554

7.2
7.1
6.9
6.9
6.6
6.5

22.939
22,902
23,263
23,121
23,303
23.303

1994:
January3
February
March
April
May
June
July

93,909
93,982
94,042
94,119
94,196
94,294
94,377

70,744
70,644
70,529
70,621
70,584
70,328
70,513

75.3
75.2
75.0
75.0
74.9
74.6
74.7

65,963
65,921
65,940
66.036
66.301
66,135
66,036

70.2
70.1
70.1
70.2
70.4
70.1
70.0

2,545
2.566
2.601
2.565
2.592
2.469
2,463

63,419
63,356
63,339
63.471
63,709
63,666
63,573

4,781
4,723
4.589
4,585
4.283
4.193
4.478

6.8
6.7
6.5
6.5
6.1
6.0
6.3

23,165
23,338
23.513
23,497
23,612
23,965
23,864

Annual averages
WOMEN
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

91,684
92,778
93,736
94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630

48,503
49.709
51,050
52,413
53,658
54.742
56,030

52.9
53.6
54.5
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4

44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50.334
51.696
53,027

48.0
49.5
50.4
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3

680
653
644
652
666
676
687

43,367
45.262
46.615
48.054
49.668
51.020
52.341

4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3.324
3,046
3.003

9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4

43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
41.601

1990
1991
1992
1993

98,399
99.214
100,035
100,930

56,554
56,893
57.798
58,407

57.5
57.3
57.8
57.9

53,479
53.284
53.793
54.606

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1

679
682
673
636

52,800
52,602
53.121
53.970

3,075
3,609
4.005
3.801

5.4
6.3
6.9
6.5

41.845
42.321
42.237
42,522

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1993:
July
August
September
October
November
December

100,965
101,044
101,128
101,210
101,288
101,356

58,372
58,487
58,528
58,760
58,932
59,085

57.8
57.9
57.9
58.1
58.2
58.3

54.642
54.788
54.812
54,970
55,188
55,402

54.1
54.2
54.2
54.3
54.5
54.7

652
653
638
645
633
635

53,990
54,135
54,174
54,325
54,555
54,767

3,730
3,699
3,716
3.790
3,744
3,683

6.4
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.2

42,593
42,557
42,600
42.450
42.356
42,271

1994:
January3
February
March
April
May
June
July

102,044
102,107
102,171
102,244
102,314
102,399
102,482

59,923
60,132
60,051
60,125
60,190
59.919
59.943

58.7
58.9
58.8
58.8
58.8
58.5
58.5

56,007
56,336
56,097
56,302
56,571
56,295
56,416

54.9
55.2
54.9
55.1
55.3
55.0
55.0

787
825
825
893
844
766
815

55,221
55,511
55,272
55.409
55,728
55.528
55.600

3.916
3.795
3,954
3,823
3,619
3,625
3,528

6.5
6.3
6.6
6.4
6.0
6.0
5.9

42,121
41,976
42,119
42,119
42,124
42.480
42.539

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability11 under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and
Estimates of Error.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3
Data, beginning in 1994, are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier

10



years because of the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey
(household survey) questionnaire and collection methodology and the introduction of
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount For
additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1994

1993

Employment status,
sex, and age

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

193,633 193,793 193,971 194,151 194,321 194,472 195,953 196,090 196,213 196,363 196,510 196,693
128,102 128,334 128,108 128,580
1,580 128,662 128,898 130,667 130,776 130,580 130,747 130,774 130,248 130,457
66.6
66.6
66.2
66.3
66.7
66.5
66.7
66.3
66.0
66.2
66.2
66.2
66.2
119,370 119,692 119,568 119,941 120,332 120,661 121,971 122,258 122,037 122,338 122,872 122,430 122,452
62.3
62.2
61.6
62.2
62.3
62.0
61.9
61.8
62.2
62.5
62.2
61.8
61.6
8,732 8,642 8,540 8,639 8,330 8,237 8,696 8,518 8,543 8,408 7,902 7,817 8,005
6.4
6.5
6.8
6.1
6.5
6.4
6.5
6.7
6.7
6.0
6.0
6.7

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

92,669 92,749 92,843
69,730 69,847 69,580
75.3
75.2
74.9
64,728 64,904 64,756
70.0
69.8
69.7
2,391 2,352 2,455
62,337 62,552 62,301
5,002 4,943 4,824
7.1
7.2
6.9
22,939 22,902 23,263

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

85,950 86,002 86,075 86,156 86,245 86,373 86,778
66,140 66,221 66,038 66,306 66,198 66,321 66,806
77.0
77.0
76.8
76.8
77.0
76.7
77.0
61,869 62,006 61,901 62,172 62,315 62,444 62,842
72.0
72.4
72.1
72.3
72.2
71.9
72.3
2,235 2,193 2,264 2,223 2,334 2,300 2,352
59,634 59,813 59,637 59,949 59,981 60,144 60,490
4,271 4,215 4,137 4,134 3,883 3,877 3,964
6.4
6.5
5.9
5.9
5.8
6.2
6.3
19,810 19,781 20,037 19,850 20,047 20,052 19,972

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

,

,
,

92,941 93,033 93,116
69,820 69,730 69,813
75.0
75.1
75.0
64,971 65,144 65,259
70.0
70.1
69.9
2,376 2,481 2,461
62,595 62,663 62,798
4,849 4,586 4,554
6.5
6.6
6.9
23,121 23,303 23,303

100,965 101,044 101,128 101,210
58,372 58,487 58,528 58,760
57.9
57.8
57.9
58.1
54,642 54,788 54,812 54,970
54.1
54.2
54.2
54.3
652
638
645
653
53,990 54,135 54,174 54,325
3,730 3,699 3,716 3,790
6.3
6.4
6.3
6.4
42,593 42,557 42,600 42,450

93,982 94,042 94,119 94,196
70,644 70,529 70,621 70,584
75.2
75.0
74.9
75.0
65,921 65,940 66,036 66,301
70.1
70.4
70.2
70.1
2,566 2,601 2,565 2,592
63,356 63,339 63,471 63,709
4,781 4,723 4,589 4,585 4,283
6.7
6.8
6.5
6.5
6.1
23,165 23,338 23,513 23,497 23,612
93,909
70,744
75.3
65,963
70.2
2,545
63,419

86,820 86,901 86,946
66,764 66,723 66,701
76.7
76.9
76.8
62,778 62,857 62,958
72.3
72.3
72.4
2,339 2,358 2,376
60,439 60,499 60,582
3,986 3,866 3,743
6.0
5.8
5.6
20,056 20,178 20,246

94,294 94,377
70,328 70,513
74.7
74.6
66,135 66,036
70.1
70.0
2,469 2,463
63,573
4,193 4,478
6.0
6.3
23,965 23,864

87,000 87,095 87,123

66,692 66,409 66,596
76.4
76.2
76.7
63,192 62,916 62,889
72.2
12.2
72.6
2,412 2,307 2,285
60,780 60,609 60,605
3,500 3,493 3,706
5.3
5.2
5.6
20,308 20,686 20,528

101,288 101,356 102,044 102,107 102,171 102,244 102,314
58,932 59,085 59,923 60,132 60,051 60,125 60,190
58.3
58.8
58.8
58.7
58.8
58.9
58.2
55,188 55,402 56,007 56,336 56,097 56,302 56,571
54.7
55.1
54.9
54.9
55.2
55.3
54.5
787
825
635
844
825
633
893
54,555 54,767 55,221 55,511 55,272 55,409 55,728
3,744 3,683 3,916 3,795 3,954 3,823 3,619
6.2
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.3
6.0
6.6
42,356 42,271 42,121 41,976 42,119 42,119 42,124

102,399 102,482
59,919 59,943
58.5

58.5

56,295 56,416
55.0
55.0
815
766
55,528 55,600
3,625 3,528
5.9
6.0
42,480 42,539

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

94,425 94,490 94,575 94,656 94,709
55,100 55,249 55,251 55,462 55,621
58.5
58.4
58.4
58.6
58.7
51,901 52,084 52,072 52,243 52,423
55.1
55.0
55.1
55.2
55.4
614
616
596
601
597
51,285 51,470 51,476 51,642 51,826
3,199 3,165 3,179 3,219 3,198
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.7
39,325 39,241 39,324 39,194 39,088

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

13,258 13,301 13,321 13,339 13,367 13,335 14,066 14,111 14,087 14,135 14,181 14,191 14,267
6,862 6,864 6,819 6,812 6,843 6,794 7,493 7,401 7,370 7,636 7,534 7,625 7,495
53.7
50.9
51.8
52.5
53.1
54.0
53.3
52.3
52.4
51.2
51.1
51.2
51.6
5,600 5,602 5,595 5,526 5,594 5,586 6,115 6,076 6,059 6,116 6,159 6,333 6,168
41.9
41.4
42.1
42.2
43.2
44.6
43.4
43.3
43.5
43.0
43.1
42.0
41.8
197
198
192
212
203
236
245
236
295
287
233
197
183
5,408 5,404 5,362 5,329 5,411 5,389 5,879 5,790 5,764 5,870 5,923 6,130 5,956
1,262
1,262 1,224 1,286 1,249 1,208 1,378 1,325 1,311 1,520 1,375 1,292 1,327
18.4
18.4
17.7
18.3
16.9
17.8
17.9
18.4
19.9
17.8
17.9
18.9
18.3
6,396 6,437 6,502 6,527 6,524 6,541 6,573 6,710 6,717 6,499 6,647 6,566 6,772

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3
through A-12 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
2




94,764
55,783
58.9
52,631
55.5
599
52,032
3,152
5.7

95,282 95,329 95,407
56,410 56,548 56,214 56,367
59.0
59.3
58.9
59.2
53,265 53,521 53,181 53,394
55.7
55.9
56.1
55.9
781
726
787
837
52,428 52,734 52,455 52,613
3,145 3,027 3,033 2,972
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.6
38,981 38,742 38,548 38,738 38,872 38,781 39,193 39,103
95,109 95,159 95,225
56,368 56,611 56,487
59.3
59.3
59.5
53,014 53,403 53,121
55.7
55.8
56.1
744
773
766
52,270 52,638 52,348
3,354 3,208 3,366
6.0
6.0
5.7

seasonal adjustment of the various series. Data for 1994 are not directly
comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years. For additional information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in
the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

n

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1993
July

Aug.

Sept.

1994

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

163,971 164,074 164,190 164,309 164,421 164,516 165,014 165,096 165,168 165,259 165,351 165,472 165,576
109,393 109,646 109,492 110,009 109,804 110,016 110,802 110,934 110,633 110,673 110,797 110,358 110,768
66.8
66.7
67.1
66.9
67.0
66.7
66.9
67.0
67.0
67.2
67.0
66.8
66.7
102,835 103,179 103,094 103,273 103,662 103,807 104,355 104,669 104,314 104,450 105,038 104,555 104,831
62.9
63.2
63.2
63.1
62.9
62.7
63.3
63.5
63.4
63.2
63.0
62.8
63.2
6,558 6,467 6,398 6,736 6,142 6,209 6,447 6,264
6,319
6,222 5,760 5,804 5,936
5.9
5.3
5.8
5.6
6.1
6.0
5.4
5.2
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,136 57,196 57,097 57,390 57,123 57,280 57,457 57,333 57,258 57,175 57,113 57,002 57,254
77.1
76.8
77.0
77.4
77.1
77.6
77.4
77.2
77.2
77.3
77.7
77.5
77.5
53,840 53,986 53,948 54,144 54,279 54,283 54,438 54,344 54,283 54,297 54,466 54,354 54,466
73.4
73.4
73.3
73.2
73.2
73.3
73.2
73.3
73.3
73.5
73.2
73.1
73.0
2,647
2,788
2,648
2,878
2,989
2,975
2,997
3,246 2,844
3,019
3,149
3,296 3,210
4.6
4.6
5.0
5.7
4.9
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.0
5.5
5.6
5.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

46,446 46,586 46,544 46,710 46,768 46,872 47,025 47,281 47,085 46,951 47,222 46,938 47,183
59.0
58.7
59.1
58.8
59.0
59.3
59.0
58.6
58.7
58.5
58.4
58.5
58.3
44,093 44,263 44,207 44,223 44,392 44,554 44,631 45,002 44,724 44,755 45,110 44,686 44,949
56.2
56.5
56.0
55.6
55.4
55.9
56.0
56.0
56.4
55.8
55.5
55.4
55.4
2,234
2,113
2,252
2,196
2,360
2,393
2,279
2,318
2,376
2,337 2,487
2,323
2,353
4.5
4.7
5.1
4.7
4.8
5.0
4.8
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

5,811
54.9
4,902
46.3
909
15.6
17.7
13.4

5,864
55.3
4,930
46.5
934
15.9
17.7
14.0

5,851
55.1
4,939
46.5
912
15.6
16.8
14.3

5,909
55.6
4,906
46.2
1,003
17.0
17.9
16.0

5,913
55.6
4,991
46.9
922
15.6
17.7
13.3

5,864
55.1
4,970
46.7
894
15.2
16.9
13.4

6,321
56.5
5,286
47.3
1,034
16.4
18.5
14.0

6,319
56.4
5,323
47.5
996
15.8
16.7
14.7

6,290
56.1
5,306
47.3
984
15.6
16.7
14.6

6,546
58.3
5,398
48.0
1,148
17.5
19.0
16.0

6,463
57.5
5,462
48.6
1,000
15.5
17.3
13.5

6,418
57.0
5,515
49.0
904
14.1
14.7
13.5

6,330
56.1
5,416
48.0
914
14.4
16.1
12.6

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

22,346 22,375 22,408 22,442 22,475 22,504 22,723 22,751 22,774 22,799 22,824 22,855 22,883
13,920 13,969 13,952 13,945 14,057 14,011 14,368 14,487 14,573 14,523 14,497 14,502 14,351
62.7
63.5
63.5
63.7
64.0
63.2
63.7
62.3
62.1
62.3
62.5
62.4
62.3
12,134 12,225 12,202 12,292 12,297 12,397 12,482 12,624 12,749 12,813 12,825 12,874 12,739
55.7
56.3
56.2
56.0
56.2
54.9
55.5
55.1
54.8
54.7
54.6
54.5
54.3
1,612
1,628
1,672
1,824
1,653
1,710
1,614
1,887
1,863
1,786
1,760
1,744
1,750
11.2
11.2
11.5
12.5
11.8
12.9
11.9
11.5
13.1
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,509
72.0
5,742
63.5
767
11.8

6,552
72.4
5,764
63.7
788
12.0

6,507
71.8
5,717
63.1
790
12.1

6,482
71.5
5,770
63.6
712
11.0

6,529
71.8
5,725
63.0
804
12.3

70.9
5,787
63.5
682
10.5

6,563
72.1
5,753
63.2
810
12.3

6,697
73.4
5,884
64.5
813
12.1

6,633
72.7
5,953
65.2
679
10.2

6,622
72.5
5,962
65.2
660
10.0

6,715
73.4
6,048
66.1
666
9.9

6,581
71.8
5,944
64.9
637
9.7

6,537
71.4
5,854
64.0
683
10.5

6,605
58.9
5,879
52.5
726
11.0

6,644
59.2
5,947
53.0
697
10.5

6,686
59.5
6,001
53.4
685
10.2

6,731
59.8
6,059
53.9
672
10.0

6,766
60.1
6,111
54.2
655
9.7

6,801
60.3
6,143
54.5
658
9.7

6,917
60.5
6,121
53.6
796
11.5

6,993
61.1
6,224
54.4
769
11.0

7,117
62.2
6,253
54.6
865
12.1

7,065
61.6
6,317
55.1
747
10.6

6,990
60.9
6,300
54.9
690
9.9

7,038
61.3
6,379
55.5
659
9.4

6,939
60.4
6,343
55.2
596
8.6

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

12



HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1994

1993
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

806
38.5
513
24.5
293
36.4
37.9
34.7

773
36.8
514
24.5
259
33.5
34.9
32.0

759
35.9
484
22.9
275
36.2
39.7
32.3

732
34.5
463
21.8
269
36.7
40.6
32.8

762
35.9
461
21.7
301
39.5
39.2
39.7

741
35.2
467
22.2
274
37.0
38.8
35.2

889
40.5
607
27.7
281
31.7
38.1
25.5

796
36.3
515
23.5
281
35.3
40.1
30.5

823
37.5
543
24.7
280
34.0
37.5
30.2

837
38.1
534
24.3
303
36.2
40.8
31.3

792
36.0
476
21.6
316
39.9
42.8
36.5

882
40.0
551
25.0
331
37.6
40.0
34.9

876
39.2
542
24.3
333
38.1
43.0
32.3

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

15,777 15,824 15,871 15,917 15,967 16,014 17,849 17,896 17,942 17,993 18,041 18,092 18,143
10,375 10,331 10,433 10,586 10,575 10,625 11,746 11,835 11,871 11,880 11,929 11,850 11,949
65.7
65.9
65.5
66.1
66.0
66.2
66.1
65.8
66.3
66.2
66.5
65.3
65.8
9,394 9,384 9,476 9,513 10,495 10,650 10,680 10,595 10,801 10,634 10,736
9,250 9,311
58.8
59.2
59.2
59.5
58.8
59.4
59.0
58.8
58.6
59.9
58.9
59.5
59.3
1,217
1,212
1,190
1,251
1,202
1,039
1,020
1,125
1,127
1,285
1,185
1,112
1,099
10.0
11.4
10.0
9.9
10.1
10.3
9.5
10.8
10.0
10.6
10.5
10.4
10.8

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Data
2




for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years.
For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey
Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and
Earnings.

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

1993

1994

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

98,359
57,599
56,624
40,632
39,954
1,781

98,716
57,742
56,711
40,920
40,204
1,801

98,690
57,833
56,718
40,953
40,066
1,906

98,945
57,876
56,770
41,085
40,334
1,841

99,373
58,115
57,032
41,284
40,511
1,830

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

98,574
57,971
56,942
40,601
39,816
1,817

98,488
58,395
57,380
40,083
39,312
1,795

99,307
58,558
57,569
40,647
39,871
1,868

99,763
58,707
57,619
41,025
40,297
1,847

58,688
57,457
40,653
39,854
1,975

99,684
58,744
57,538
40,946
40,266
1,880

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

,

,

99,595
58,265
57,156
41,386
40,632
1,807

97,940
57,714
56,657
40,291
39,496
1,787

21,092 21,073 20,867 20,997 20,961 21,060 23,932 23,641 23,539 22,966 23,132 23,138 22,858
7,091
7,035 8,214
7,413
7,530 7,436
7,291
7,139
7,009
7,156
7,069
7,928 7,536
5,251
5,315
5,268 6,148
5,839
5,500
5,400 5,560
5,372
5,236
5,392 5,283
13,954 13,898 13,897 13,886 13,900 14,056 15,720 15,724 16,004 15,566 15,577 15,661 15,495
11,912 11,875 11,921 11,909 11,916 12,039 13,523 13,574 13,802 13,391 13,283 13,357 13,157
4,312 4,329
3,929 3,883 3,710 3,696 3,762 3,753 4,260 4,228 4,237
4,175 4,288

UNEMPLOYED
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 yedrs and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

7,231
4,352
4,013
2,892
2,595
623

7,109
4,275
3,949
2,804
2,561
599

6,964
4,138
3,851
2,841
2,613
500

7,044
4,193
3,868
2,809
2,590
586

6,707
3,978
3,581
2,786
2,542
584

6,760
3,963
3,651
2,787
2,568
541

7,160
4,205
3,767
2,966
2,749
644

7,008
4,070
3,677
2,950
2,710
621

6,956
3,803
3,526
3,091
2,835

6,833
3,910
3,499
2,895
2,567
767

6,319
3,617
3,230
2,701
2,451
638

6,414
3,642
3,228
2,768
2,475
711

6,561
3,854
3,423
2,728
2,424
714

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,522
614
253
908
621
648

1,547
648
274
900
608
665

1,557
671
292
881
567
698

1,623
652
270
1,016
651
702

1,565
616
259
957
643
663

1,489
606
254
868
575
660

1,581
681
276
890
580
726

1,488
645
280
855
502
706

1,595
701
314
891
552
728

1,589
627
232
956
595
762

1,520
651
257
860
530
734

1,426
600
270
835
563
593

1,466
614
297
840
547
621

Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

6.8
7.0
6.6
6.6
6.1
25.9

6.7
6.9
6.5
6.4
6.0
25.0

6.6
6.7
6.4
6.5
6.1
20.8

6.6
6.8
6.4
6.4
6.0
24.1

6.3
6.4
5.9
6.3
5.9
24.2

6.4
6.4
6.0
6.3
5.9
23.0

6.8
6.8
6.2
6.9
6.5
26.5

6.6
6.6
6.1
6.8
6.4
25.5

6.6
6.1
5.8
7.2
6.7
24.9

6.4
6.3
5.7
6.6
6.0
29.1

5.8
5.3
6.2
5.7
25.7

6.1
5.8
5.3
6.4
5.8
26.5

6.2
6.2
5.6
6.2
5.7
27.5

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

6.7
8.0
4.6
6.1
5.0
14.2

6.8
8.3
4.9
6.1
4.9
14.6

6.9
8.7
5.3
6.0
4.5
15.8

7.2
8.4
4.8
6.8
5.2
16.0

6.9
8.0
4.7
6.4
5.1
15.0

6.6
7.9
4.6
5.8
4.6
15.0

6.2
7.7
4.3
5.4
4.1
14.6

5.9
7.5
4.6
5.2
3.6
14.3

6.3
8.5
5.4
5.3
3.8
14.7

6.5
7.8
4.1
5.8
4.3
15.4

6.2
8.0
4.4
5.2
3.8
14.6

5.8
7.5
4.7
5.1
4.0
12.1

6.0
7.8
5.2
5.1
4.0
12.5

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1

,

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor
force and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication
prior to 1994.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993

14



and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994
issue of Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994

1993
Category
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

MARITAL STATUS
119,370 119,692 119,568 119,941 120,332 120,661 121,971 122,258 122,037 122,338 122,872 122,430 122,452
40,877 40,792 40,826 40,816 40,842 40,951 41,483 41,323 41,331 41,380 41,367 41,287 41,224
30,322 30,536 30,509 30,641 30,872 31,051 31,579 31,709 31,310 31,345 31,324 31,054 31,379
7,094 6,978 7,013
6,806 6,840 6,833 6,784 6,704 6,693 6,796 7,133 7,369 7,191

Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION

32,370 32,476 32,538 32,635 32,739 32,764 33,008 33,122 33,152 33,415 34,103 33,901 33,859

Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

37,171
16,466
13,280
16,859
3,286

36,902
16,470
13,726
16,892
3,262

36,832
16,547
13,487
16,968
3,319

36,965
16,599
13,430
16,996
3,287

36,974
16,688
13,597
16,958
3,389

37,243
16,734
13,445
17,209
3,325

37,411
16,796
13,494
17,685
3,598

37,191
17,087
13,644
17,645
3,693

37,060
17,111
13,551
17,581
3,651

36,796
17,107
13,232
17,888
3,677

36,624
16,958
13,584
17,947
3,609

36,811
17,006
13,305
17,934
3,419

37,194
16,899
13,330
17,762
3,487

1,566
1,312
110

1,667
1,319
90

1,657
1,274
97

1,719
1,311
89

1,724
1,269
92

1,641
1,590
78

1,677
1,633
55

1,719
1,661

,

1,626
1,323
93

41

1,693
1,710
43

1,757
1,654
40

1,629
1,582
46

1,637
1,606
50

,

107,057
88,622
1,081
87,541
18,435
9,093
203

107,370
88,843
1,128
87,715
18,527
9,026
245

107,331
88,824
1,123
87,701
18,507
8,949
250

107,727
89,251
1,179
88,072
18,476
8,961
229

107,975
89,482
1,103
88,379
18,493
9,011
223

108,247
89,744
1,104
88,640
18,503
9,053
217

109,526
91,364
928
90,436
18,163
8,990
142

109,547
91,395
1,074
90,321
18,152
9,312
143

109,365
90,883
1,035
89,849
18,481
9,146
117

109,749
91,356
1,043
90,313
18,393
8,982
131

110,243
91,770
997
90,773
18,473
9,138
121

110,052
91,729
964
90,765
18,322
8,946
154

110,082
91,825
934
90,891
18,256
8,970
138

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

6,451
6,469 6,394 6,202 6,126
5,167
6,217
4,643 4,992 4,757 4,878 4,785 4,425
3,099 3,202 3,167
3,072 3,037 3,099 2,561
2,301 2,538 2,363 2,571 2,535 2,430
2,828 2,171
1,981
2,986 2,935 2,937 2,872 2,810
2,028 2,138 2,101 2,026
1,664
15,121 15,216 15,182 15,201 15,290 15,373 17,744 17,674 17,519 17,072 17,346 17,339 18,059

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

6,213
6,216
6,173
5,957 5,904 5,934 4,842 4,384 4,762 4,613 4,688 4,590 4,224
2,920 3,049 3,006 2,927 2,905 2,922 2,439 2,169 2,411 2,241
2,449 2,430 2,315
1,993
1,935
2,931
2,856 2,879 2,773 2,719
1,944
2,739 2,075
2,089 2,078
1,627
14,707 14,814 14,757 14,788 14,858 14,909 17,056 17,081 16,893 16,463 16,721 16,842 17,443

1
Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their
jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or
industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who
usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week
for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.




NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994

1993
Age and sex
July
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,

,

16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Aug.

Oct.

Sept.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

119,370 119,692 119,568 119,941 120,332 120,661 121,971
17,679 17,648
5,595
5,526
2,193
2,162
3,412
3,375
12,084 12,122

17,663 17,709
5,586
5,594
2,240
2,194
3,350
3,406
12,069 12,123

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

122,258 122,037 122,338 122,872 122,430 122,452

18,898 18,723
6,076 6,059
2,351 2,363
3,706 3,674
12,522 12,822 12,664
18,637
6,115
2,435
3,657

18,798 19,006 19,193
6,159
6,333
6,116
2,510
2,530
2,408
3,661
3,765
3,704
12,683 12,847 12,860
101,608 102,006 101,899 102,310 102,665 102,976 103,312 103,402 103,352 103,451 103,951 103,299
86,947 87,204 87,275 87,479 87,968 88,197 88,308 88,582 88,750 88,709 88,915 88,497
14,587 14,830 14,612 14,787 14,806 14,831 15,036 14,862 14,614 14,709 14,939 14,784
17,752 17,688
5,600
5,602
2,153
2,185
3,425
3,410
12,152 12,086

64,728 64,904 64,756 64,971

65,144

July

65,259 65,963 65,921

65,940

18,776
6,168
2,499
3,673
12,608
103,706
88,901
14,730

66,036 66,301 66,135 66,036

9,939
9,754
9,940
9,992
9,803
9,199
9,179
9,171
9,165
9,711
9,808
9,245
9,182
3,109
3,219
3,147
2,799
2,829
2,815
3,121
3,143
3,083
3,078
2,859
2,898
2,855
1,197
1,242
1,262
1,251
1,291
1,106
1,133
1,152
1,220
1,205
1,112
1,130
1,120
1,842
1,845
1,944
1,866
1,701
1,705
1,670
1,886
1,925
1,876
1,743
1,729
1,745
6,657
6,671
6,730
6,831
6,772
6,347
6,380
6,342
6,350
6,590
6,795
6,327
6,340
55,538 55,667 55,581 55,823 55,970 56,089 56,244 56,035 56,203 56,182 56,387 56,174 56,232
47,321 47,366 47,386 47,496 47,791 47,860 47,944 47,943 48,173 48,117 48,191 48,046 48,064
8,126
8,102
8,318
8,253
8,333
8,115
8,036
8,070
8,116
8,288
8,199
8,241
8,187
54,642 54,788

54,812

54,970 55,188

55,402

56,007 56,336

56,097

56,302

56,571

56,295 56,416

9,201
8,544
8,959
9,066
8,973
8,469
8,492
8,970
8,991
8,553
8,443
8,497
8,926
3,050
3,114
2,727
2,765
2,933
2,976
3,021
2,741
2,704
2,771
2,994
3,038
2,740
1,147
1,248
1,278
1,208
1,088
1,167
1,041
1,055
1,073
1,056
1,061
1,215
1,166
1,816
1,667
1,674
1,701
1,680
1,771
1,781
1,799
1,821
1,807
1,667
1,862
1,696
6,016
5,727
6,026
6,088
5,952
5,742
5,773
5,993
5,953
5,739
5,757
5,932
5,812
46,070 46,339 46,318 46,487 46,695 46,887 47,069 47,367 47,149 47,269 47,564 47,125 47,473
39,626 39,838 39,889 39,983 40,177 40,337 40,364 40,640 40,578 40,591 40,724 40,451 40,837
6,747
6,813
6,668
6,565
6,578
6,578
6,628
6,542
6,413
6,469
6,703
6,639
6,400

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

A-8. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1993

1994

Age and sex
July

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,

16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.




Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

8,732

8,642

8,540

8,639

8,330

8,237

8,696

8,518

8,543

8,408

7,902

7,817

8,005

2,683
1,262
551
707
1,421
6,040
5,395
651

2,695
1,262
547
706
1,433
5,942
5,270
662

2,574
1,224
519
694
1,350
5,978
5,273
721

2,616
1,286
566
724
1,330
6,016
5,369

2,568
1,249
566
687
1,319
5,747
5,124
649

2,480
1,208
527
689
1,272
5,750
5,106
657

2,922
1,378
654
700
1,544
5,857
5,107
723

2,753
1,325
656
668
1,428
5,738
5,075
670

2,855
1,311
586
725
1,543
5,680
4,993
700

2,921
1,520
765
764
1,400
5,469
4,793
644

2,709
1,375
648
738
1,333
5,182
4,517
641

2,620
1,292
638
669
1,328
5,205
4,581
601

2,707
1,327
649
670
1,380
5,296
4,666
644

5,002

4,943

4,824

4,849

4,586

4,554

4,781

4,723

4,589

4,585

4,283

4,193

4,478

1,535
731
321
409
804
3,458
3,039
410

1,567
728
314
409
839
3,374
2,948
425

1,463
687
286
389
776
3,360
2,911
462

1,475
715
312
404
760
3,365
2,961
417

1,438
703
314
388
735
3,141
2,755
391

1,389
677
286
390
712
3,171
2,774
411

1,670
816
384
418
854
3,194
2,787
408

1,530
737
338
397
793
3,169
2,782
401

1,559
723
341
386
835
3,010
2,625
385

1,627
843
421
427
784
2,954
2,557
373

1,538
783
377
418
754
2,729
2,350
368

1,431
700
355
363
730
2,754
2,410
340

1,558
771
341
424
787
2,919
2,524
395

3,730

3,699

3,716

3,790

3,744

3,683

3,916

3,795

3,954

3,823

3,619

3,625

3,528

1,148
531
230
298
617
2,582
2,356
241

1,128
534
233
297
594
2,568
2,322
237

1,111
537
233
305
574
2,618
2,362
259

1,141
571
254
320
570
2,651
2,408
282

1,130
546
252
299
584
2,606
2,369
258

1,091
531
241
299
560
2,579
2,332
246

1,252
562
271
283
690
2,664
2,320
315

1,223
588
318
272
635
2,568
2,293

1,296
588
245
339
708
2,670
2,369
316

1,294
678
344
337
617
2,515
2,236
272

1,171
592
271
320
579
2,453
2,167
274

1,189
591
283
306
598
2,451
2,172
261

1,149
555
308
247
593
2,377
2,142
250

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current

16

Nov.

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted

1994

1993
Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over .....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

,

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

,

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.5

6.4

6.7

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.0

6.0

6.1

13.4
19.9
24.1
17.1
9.9
5.0
5.1
4.2

12.5
18.3
20.5
16.8
9.4
4.7
4.8

4.1

12.0
16.9
20.1
15.1
9.4
4.8
4.9
3.9

12.6
17.7
20.6
15.4
9.9
4.9
5.0
4.2

13.1
18.4
20.4
17.1
10.5
5.6
5.8
4.3

13.2
18.4
20.0
17.2
10.6
5.5
5.7
4.3

12.7
17.9
19.1
16.9
10.0
5.5
5.7
4.7

12.9
18.9
20.7
17.7
9.9
5.6
5.8
4.5

12.7
18.3
20.5
16.8
9.9
5.3
5.5
4.2

12.3
17.8
19.0
17.1
9.5
5.3
5.5
4.2

13.6
18.4
21.2
16.1
11.0
5.4
5.5
4.6

12.7
17.9
21.8
15.3
10.0
5.3
5.4
4.3

13.2
17.8
19.9
16.5
10.9
5.2
5.3
4.6

7.2

7.1

6.9

6.9

6.6

6.5

6.8

6.7

6.5

6.5

6.1

6.0

6.3

14.3
20.4
22.4
19.1
11.3
5.9
6.0
4.8

14.5
20.1
21.7
19.0
11.7
5.7
5.9
4.9

13.7
19.4
20.3
18.2
10.9
5.7
5.8
5.3

13.8
20.3
22.0
19.2
10.6
5.7
5.9
4.8

13.6
19.9
21.7
18.5
10.4
5.3
5.5
4.5

13.2
19.4
19.9
18.9
10.1
5.4
5.5
4.7

14.7
20.7
23.9
18.1
11.5
5.4
5.5
4.7

13.3
19.0
21.9
17.1
10.5
5.4
5.5
4.7

13.8
19.0
22.2
17.1
11.1
5.1
5.2
4.6

14.2
21.5
25.3
18.8
10.4
5.0
5.0
4.4

13.4
20.1
23.0
18.5
9.9
4.6
4.7
4.3

12.5
17.9
22.1
15.7
9.7
4.7
4.8
4.0

13.7
19.7
20.9
18.5
10.6
4.9
5.0
4.6

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.5

6.3

6.6

6.4

6.0

6.0

5.9

11.8
16.2
18.1
14.9
9.6
5.3
5.6
3.6

11.8
16.5
18.1
15.1
9.4
5.3
5.5
3.5

11.6
16.4
17.8
15.5
9.1
5.3
5.6
3.9

11.9
17.3
19.4
16.0
9.0
5.4
5.7
4.2

11.7
16.5
19.2
14.9
9.3
5.3
5.6
3.8

11.3
16.1
18.1
15.1
8.8
5.2
5.5
3.6

12.3
15.8
18.2
13.8
10.4
5.4
5.4
4.5

12.0
16.7
21.7
13.2
9.5
5.1
5.3
3.8

12.6
16.5
17.4
15.8
10.6
5.4
5.5
4.6

12.6
18.2
22.8
15.3
9.4
5.1
5.2
3.9

11.4
16.3
17.8
15.0
8.8
4.9
5.1
3.9

11.4
16.0
18.1
14.4
8.9
4.9
5.1
3.8

11.3
15.5
20.3
12.0
9.1
4.8
5.0
3.6

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current




July

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by occupation, Industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
1993

1994

Category
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

6.7
6.4
5.7

6.7
6.3
5.8
17.9

6.7
6.2
5.8
18.9

6.5
5.9
5.7

6.4
5.8
5.7

6.7
5.9
6.0

6.5
6.0
5.7

17.8

18.4

17.9

6.4
5.6
5.6
19.9

6.0
5.2
5.4

18.3

6.5
5.8
6.0
17.8

6.0
5.3
5.4
16.9

17.7

6.1
10.9
11.9
11.4

5.6
11.3
12.5
10.4

5.6
10.7
11.5
10.5

5.8
11.6
13.1
10.6

5.6
11.3
12.9
10.0

5.7
11.3
12.5
10.0

5.6
10.8
11.8
10.8

5.2
10.4
11.5

9.5

5.3
10.2
11.2
10.3

5.4
10.4
11.2
10.1

3.9
4.3

4.3
4.3
9.7

4.1
4.4
9.6

3.9
4.1
9.1

3.7
4.0
8.9

3.5
4.3
8.7

3.7
4.0
7.8

July

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

6.8
6.5
5.8
18.4

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION

18.4

18.3

6.1
5.6
5.3

6.0
11.6
12.8
10.8

5.9
11.5
12.5

9.9

5.8
11.4
12.5
10.0

4.5
4.7
9.6

4.4
4.5
9.0

4.2
4.6
9.0

4.4
4.8
9.3

4.0
4.4
9.0

10.2

4.1
4.4
9.4

2.7
5.3
8.6
10.2
8.1

2.8
5.3
7.5
10.4
7.5

2.8
5.3
7.6
10.1
7.7

2.8
5.3
7.9
9.8
8.1

2.9
5.2
6.7
9.2
7.8

2.8
5.1
7.4
9.1
8.7

2.9
5.4
7.0
10.0
8.4

2.9
5.4
6.8
9.5
8.8

2.7
5.7
7.2
8.8
10.3

2.6
5.2
6.5
9.8
8.2

2.3
5.2
6.5
8.8
7.3

3.0
5.2
6.1
8.4
6.9

2.6
4.7
5.7
9.6
9.7

7.0
9.2
5.9
15.7
7.3
7.0
7.8
6.2
4.9
7.5
3.9
6.0
3.4
11.5

7.0
8.9
7.2

6.9
8.8
7.5
14.1
7.2
7.3
7.2
6.2
5.3
7.5
4.0
5.9
2.8
10.4

6.9
8.4
6.5
13.7
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.3
5.5
7.9
3.7
5.9
3.1
11.8

6.7
8.0
7.2

6.6
7.9
6.9

6.8
7.6
4.0

12.2
6.7
6.5
7.0
6.2
5.2
7.7
3.7
5.9
3.0

12.7
6.5
6.3
6.8
6.2
5.1
7.4
3.7
5.9
3.1
11.3

7.0
7.8
5.1
13.9
6.1
5.3
7.3
6.7
5.5
8.1
3.7
6.6
3.8
13.6

6.8
7.7
5.5
13.5
6.1
5.7
6.8
6.4
4.7
7.9
2.9
6.5
3.9
13.8

6.6
7.3
6.8
12.6
5.8
5.5
6.3
6.3
5.6
7.7
3.4
6.1
3.5

6.2
6.9
7.6
11.6
5.5
5.2
5.8
6.0
4.6
7.3
3.5
5.8
3.3
8.3

6.2
6.8
6.2
11.8
5.3
5.0
5.6
6.0
4.7
7.1
4.1
5.9
3.9
8.4

6.4
6.9
6.1
10.9
5.8
5.7
5.9
6.2
5.3
7.5
3.7
5.9
3.4

1

Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

14.7
7.3
7.2
7.4
6.2
5.4
7.6
4.2
5.7
3.3
12.1

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available
because the seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.

18



10.3

13.3
6.1
5.5
7.1
6.5
5.2
8.0
3.6
6.3
3.2
14.3

10.7

12.6

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1994

1993
Reasons for unemployment
July

Aug. Sept.

4,872
1,183
3,689
915
2,117
870

4,864
1,190
3,674
882
2,081
834

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
,
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

4,699 4,779 4,444
963
1,112 1,216
3,587 3,563 3,481
926 957 960
2,075 2,084 2,084
833
839
843

4,442
1,196
3,246
762
2,831
797 651

4,442
1,060
3,382
932
2,018

4,185 4,037 3,790 3,531 3,664 3,904
947 785 911 1,053
983
1,109
3,075 3,054 2,843 2,746 2,753 2,851
825 796 782 755
873
888
2,898 3,054 3,235 2,838 2,798 2,781
643 689 609 462 587
641

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants.

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
55.5 56.2 55.0 55.2 53.4 54.2 51.1 48.6 46.9 44.4 45.4 47.5 48.6
13.5 13.7 13.0 14.0 11.6 12.9 13.8 12.9 11.4 11.1 10.1 11.8 13.1
42.0 42.4 42.0 41.1 41.8 41.3 37.4 35.7 35.5 33.3 35.3 35.7 35.5
10.4 10.2 10.8 11.1 11.5 11.4
9.7 10.2 10.2
9.4
8.8 10.3 10.1
24.1 24.0 24.3 24.1 25.0 24.6 32.6 33.7 35.5 37.9 36.5 36.3 34.7
6.0
7.8
7.5
7.4
9.7
9.7 10.0
9.9
9.9
9.6
7.3
8.1
7.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
3.8
.7
1.6
.6

3.8
.7
1.7
.7

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993
and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the

3.5
.7
1.6
.6

3.7
.7
1.6
.7

3.7
.7
1.6
.7

3.4
.7
1.6
.6

3.4
2.2
.5

3.2
.7
2.2
.5

3.1
.7
2.3
.5

2.9
.6
2.5
.5

2.8
.6
2.1
.4

2.7
.6
2.2
.5

3.0
.6
2.1
.4

Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994
issue of Employment and Earnings.

A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1993

1994

Duration
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

3,223
2,543
3,007
1,258
1,749

3,046
2,608
3,000
1,259
1,741

3,052
2,457
3,047
1,297
1,750

3,156
2,491
3,030
1,284
1,746

2,946
2,401
2,971
1,216
1,755

3,063
2,247
2,864
1,150
1,714

3,349
2,336
3,027
1,314
1,713

2,574
2,727
3,103
1,359
1,744

2,758
2,549
3,110
1,264
1,847

2,863
2,434
2,951
1,168
1,782

2,631
2,437
2,801
1,093
1,708

2,850
2,483
2,683
1,151
1,532

2,871
2,361
2,855
1,269
1,586

17.9
8.3

18.3
8.4

18.4
8.9

18.4
8.3

18.9
8.5

18.2
8.2

18.3
8.5

18.7
9.0

19.2
9.1

19.1
9.2

19.6
9.2

18.3
8.9

19.2
9.3

100.0
36.7
29.0
34.3
14.3
19.9

100.0
35.2
30.1
34.7
14.5
20.1

100.0
35.7
28.7
35.6
15.2
20.5

100.0
36.4
28.7
34.9
14.8
20.1

100.0
35.4
28.9
35.7
14.6
21.1

100.0
37.5
27.5
35.0
14.1
21.0

100.0
38.4
26.8
34.7
15.1
19.7

100.0
30.6
32.5
36.9
16.2
20.8

100.0
32.8
30.3
37.0
15.0
21.9

100.0
34.7
29.5
35.8
14.2
21.6

100.0
33.4
31.0
35.6
13.9
21.7

100.0
35.6
31.0
33.5
14.4
19.1

100.0
35.5
29.2
35.3
15.7
19.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks .
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current




Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1994
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

196,859
14,267
7,255
7,012
18,312
112,592
41,266
19,201
22,065
41,565
21,880
19,685
29,760
16,713
13,047
20,627
10,753
9,874
31,062
9,804
8,496
12,762

132,783
9,325
4,138
5,187
14,807
93,379
34,151
15.911
18,241
35,124
18,415
16,709
24,104
13,954
10,150
11.494
7.159
4,335
3,778
2,111
990
678

67.5
65.4
57.0
74.0
80.9
82.9
82.8
82.9
82.7
84.5
84.2
84.9
81.0
83.5
77.8
55.7
66.6
43.9
12.2
21.5
11.7
5.3

124,503
7,698
3,300
4,398
13,370
88,807
32,169
14,831
17.337
33,540
17,577
15,963
23,099
13,367
9,732
11,028
6,857
4,172
3,599
1,992
953
653

94,377
7,254
3,725
3,529
9,038
55,318
20,341
9,437
10,904
20,458
10,775
9,683
14,518
8,176
6,342
9,814
5,160
4,654
12,953
4,458
3,714
4,782

72,058
4,920
2,191
2.729
7.916
50,723
18,770
8.675
10.095
19.020
10,012
9,007
12.933
7,438
5.496
6,337
3,904
2,433
2,162
1,155
588
420

76.4
67.8
58.8
77.3
87.6
91.7
92.3
91.9
92.6
93.0
92.9
93.0
89.1
91.0
86.7
64.6
75.7
52.3
16.7
25.9
15.8
8.8

102,482
7,013
3,530
3,483
9,274
57,273
20,925
9,764
11,161
21,107
11,105
10,002
15,242
8,537
6,705
10,813
5,593
5,220
18,109
5,346
4,782
7,981

60,725
4.406
1.947
2.459
6,891
42.656
15,381
7,236
8,146
16,104
8.403
7,701
11,171
6,516
4,655
5,157
3,254
1,903
1,616
956
402
258

59.3
62.8
55.2
70.6
74.3
74.5
73.5
74.1
73.0
76.3
75.7
77.0
73.3
76.3
69.4
47.7
58.2
36.4
8.9
17.9
8.4
3.2

Unemployed

Employed
Percent
of
population

Not
in
labor
force

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

63.2
54.0
45.5
62.7
73.0
78.9
78.0
77.2
78.6
80.7
80.3
81.1
77.6
80.0
74.6
53.5
63.8
42.2
11.6
20.3
11.2
5.1

3,732
375
214
161
357
2,189
823
371
452
772
438
333
595
285
310
422
220
202
389
181
105
103

120,770
7,323
3,086
4,237
13,013
86,618
31,346
14,460
16,886
32,768
17,138
15,630
22,504
13,082
9,422
10,607
6,637
3,970
3,210
1,811
848
551

8,281
1,628
838
789
1,436
4,572
1,983
1,079
903
1,583
838
745
1,006
587
419
465
302
164
179
118
37
24

6.2
17.5
20.3
15.2
9.7
4.9
5.8
6.8
5.0
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.0
4.2
3.8
4.7
5.6
3.8
3.6

64,076
4,941
3,117
1,825
3,505
19,212
7,115
3,290
3,825
6,442
3,465
2,976
5,656
2,760
2,896
9,134
3,595
5,539
27,284
7,693
7,506
12,085

67,649
4,014
1,753
2,261
7,146
48,362
17,715
8,109
9,606
18,249
9,615
8,634
12,398
7,135
5,263
6,076
3,743
2,333
2,052
1,085
563
405

71.7
55.3
47.1
64.1
79.1
87.4
87.1
85.9
88.1
89.2
89.2
89.2
85.4
87.3
83.0
61.9
72.5
50.1
15.8
24.3
15.2
8.5

2,798
312
168
145
288
1,603
625
288
337
547
307
240
430
206
224
296
147
149
300
135
80
84

64,851
3,701
1,585
2,116
6,858
46,759
17,090
7,821
9,269
17,702
9,307
8,394
11,968
6,928
5,040
5.780
3.596
2,185
1,752
949
482
321

4,409
906
438
468
770
2,361
1,055
566
489
771
397
373
535
303
232
261
161
99
110
70
25
15

6.1
18.4
20.0
17.1
9.7
4.7
5.6
6.5
4.8
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
5.1
6.1
4.3
3.5

22,319
2,334
1,533
801
1,122
4,595
1,571
762
809
1,439
763
676
1.585
739
846
3,477
1.256
2.221
10.791
3.303
3.126
4,362

56,854
3,684
1,547
2,137
6,225
40,446
14,454
6,722
7,732
15,291
7,962
7,329
10,700
6,232
4,468
4,952
3,114
1,839
1,547
908
390
249

55.5
52.5
43.8
61.4
67.1
70.6
69.1
68.8
69.3
72.4
71.7
73.3
70.2
73.0
66.6
45.8
55.7
35.2
8.5
17.0
8.2
3.1

935
63
46
17
70
587
198
83
114
224
131
94
165
79
86
126
73
53
89
46
24
19

55,919
3,621
1,501
2,120
6,155
39,859
14,256
6,639
7,617
15,067
7,831
7,236
10,536
6,154
4,382
4,826
3,041
1,785
1,457
862
366
230

3,872
721
400
322
666
2,211
927
513
414
813
441
372
471
284
187
204
140
64
69
48
12
9

6.4
16.4
20.5
13.1
9.7
5.2
6.0
7.1
5.1
5.0
5.2
4.8
4.2
4.4
4.0
4.0
4.3
3.4
4.3
5.0
3.0
3.6

41,757
2,607
1,583
1,024
2,383
14,617
5,543
2,528
3,015
5,003
2,702
2,301
4,071
2,021
2,050
5,656
2,339
3,318
16,493
4,390
4,380
7,723

Total

Percent
of
population

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

,

,

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

20



HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
July 1994
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninsth
tutorial
population

Total

165,576
11,285
5,717
5,569
14,678
93,904
33,854
15,665
18,189
34,608
18.140
16.469
25,442
14,225
11,217
17,925
9,303
8,622
27,784
8,607
7,614
11,563

112,514
7.759
3.423
4.336
12,289
78,920
28,513
13,241
15,272
29,558
15,437
14,120
20,849
12,032
8,817
10,145
6,312
3,833
3,401
1.896
908
598

68.0
68.8
59.9
77.9
83.7
84.0
84.2
84.5
84.0
85.4
85.1
85.7
81.9
84.6
78.6
56.6
67.8
44.5
12.2
22.0
11.9
5.2

106,447
6.657
2.835
3.822
11,272
75,488

80,070
5,763
2,942
2,821
7,339
46,717
16,909
7,815
9,094
17,260
9,060
8.200
12,548
7,043
5,505
8,619
4,513
4,106
11,633
3,925
3,332
4,375

61,762
4,096
1,822
2,274
6.625
43.403
15.858
7,331
8,528
16,229
8,525
7,704
11,316
6,492
4,824
5,666
3,483
2,183
1,972
1.052
545
374

77.1
71.1
61.9
80.6
90.3
92.9
93.8
93.8
93.8
94.0
94.1
94.0
90.2
92.2
87.6
65.7
77.2
53.2
17.0
26.8
16.4
8.6

58,538
3,473
1,509
1,964
6,074
41,630
15,076
6.918
8,158
15,665
8.248
7,417
10,889
6,250

531
361

85,505
5,522
2,775
2,748
7.339
47,187
16,945
7,850
9,095
17,349
9,080
8,269
12.894
7,181
5,713
9,306
4,790
4,516
16,151
4,681
4,282
7.188

50,751
3,663
1.601
2.062
5,664
35,516
12,654
5,910
6,744
13,329
6.913
6,416
9.533
5.540
3,993
4,478
2,829
1,649
1,430
844
363
223

59.4
66.3
57.7
75.0
77.2
75.3
74.7
75.3
74.1
76.8
76.1
77.6
73.9
77.1
69.9
48.1
59.1
36.5
8.9
18.0
8.5
3.1

47,909
3,184
1,326
1,858
5.198
33,858

Unemployed

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural

64.3
59.0
49.6
68.6
76.8
80.4
79.9
79.6
80.2
82.0
81.8
82.3
78.7
81.2
75.7
54.5
65.2
42.9
11.8
21.0
11.6
5.0

3,473
358
205
153
326
2,006
758
354
404
690
394
296
558
266
292
408
212
196
375
180
98
97

102,973
6.298
2.630
3,669
10,946
73,482
26,300
12,118
14,182
27,706
14,442
13,264
19,475
11,281
8,194
9,358
5,853
3,505
2,890
1,629
783
479

73.1
60.3
51.3
69.6
82.8
89.1
89.2
88.5
89.7
90.8
91.0
90.5
86.8
88.7
84.3
63.4
74.4
51.3
16.3
25.6

55,954
3,175
1,350
1,825
5,805
40,181
14,506
6,646
7,860
15,186
7,978
7,208
10,489
6,060
4,429
5,181
3,219
1,962

15.9
8.2

2,584
298
159
139
269
1,449
571
272
298
479
270
209
400
189
210
283
141
142
285
134
74
78

56.0
57.7
47.8
67.6
70.8
71.8
70.7
70.8
70.7
73.4
72.6
74.3
70.9
73.8
67.3
46.2
56.5
35.3
8.5
17.1
8.2
3.0

889
60
46
14
58
557
188
82
106
211
124
87
159
76
82
125
72
53
89
46
24
19

47,020
3,124
1,280
1,844
5,140
33,301

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not
in
labor
force

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

27,059
12,472
14,586
28,396
14.836
13,560
20.033

11,547
8,486

9,766
6,065
3,701
3,265
1,808
881
576

6,067
1,102
588

514
1,017
3,432
1,454
769
685

1,162
602
560
816
485
331

379
247
132
136
88

26
22

5.4
14.2
17.2
11.9
8.3
4.3
5.1
5.8
4.5
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.9
3.4
4.0
4.6
2.9
3.7

53,062
3,526
2,293
1,233
2,389
14,985
5,341
2,424
2,917
5,051
2.702
2.348
4,593
2,193
2,400
7,780
2,991
4,789
24,382
6,711
6,706
10,965

5.2
15.2
17.2
13.6
8.3
4.1
4.9
5.6
4.3
3.5
3.2
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.8
4.4
2.6
3.6

18,308
1,667

5.6
13.1
17.2
9.9
8.2
4.7
5.3
6.0
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.3
4.1
4.4
3.7
3.9
4.4
3.2
4.4
5.0
3.3
3.7

34,754
1,859

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years

25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years

70 to 74 years
75 years and over

4,639
5,464
3,360
2,105
1,898

1,007

1,612
873
457
283

3,224
623
313

310
552
1,774
782
412
370
564
277
287
428
243
185
202
123

79
74
46
14
14

1,120
547
714
3,314
1,051
485

566
1,031
535

496
1,232

551
681
2,953

1,030
1,923
9,661
2,873
2,787

4,001

Women
16 years and over

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years

30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years

35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




11.982
5.554
6,428
12,731
6,588
6,143
9.145
5,297
3,847
4,301
2,705
1,596
1,367
802
351
215

11,795
5,472
6,322

2,843
479
275
204
466
1,659
672
356
316

12,520
6,464
6,057
8,986
5,221
3,765

598
325
273
389
242

4,176
2,633

177

1,543
1,278

756
326
196

146
124
53
62
42
12

1,173
686

1,675
11,671
4,290
1,939
2,351
4,020
2,167
1,852
3,361
1,642
1,719
4,828
1,961
2,866
14,721
3,838
3,919
6,965

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1994
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
tutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

16 years and over
16 to 19 years ..
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

22,883
2,233
1,158
1,075
2,593
13,488
5.358
2,557
2,801
5,044
2,718
2,327
3,085
1,773
1,312
2,045
1,106
940
2,525
934
673
918

14,811
1.204
554
650
1.869
10.476
4.127
1.959
2.168
4.036
2,181
1,855
2,313
1,372
941
971
615
355
292
176
68
48

64.7
53.9
47.8
60.5
72.1
77.7
77.0
76.6
77.4
80.0
80.3
79.7
75.0
77.4
71.7
47.5
55.7
37.8
11.6
18.8
10.1
5.2

13,072
769
364
406
1,539
9,593
3,710
1.708
2,002
3,715
2,001
1,714
2,169
1,293
875
916
581
335
254
151
57
46

57.1
34.5
31.4
37.8
59.4
71.1
69.2
66.8
71.5
73.6
73.6
73.7
70.3
72.9
66.7
44.8
52.6
35.7
10.0
16.2
8.5
5.0

164
15
7
8
27
107
28
1
26
51
25
26
28
15
13
9
5
5
6
1
5

12,908
755
357
398
1.512
9.486
3.683
1,707
1,976
3.663
1,976
1.687
2,141
1,278
862
907
576
330
247
150
52
46

1,739
434
190
244
330
883
417
251
166
321
181
141
144
79
65
54
34
20
38
25
11
2

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
,
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over..
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

10,260
1,107
586
521
1,184
6,094
2,397
1,126
1.271
2,305
1,241
1,064
1.393
806
587
889
495
394
986
421
281
284

7,266
640
291
349
912
5,121
2,020
928
1,091
1,984
1.060
925
1.117
654
463
463
303
160
129
74
35
20

70.8
57.8
49.7
67.0
77.1
84.0
84.3
82.5
85.9
86.1
85.4
86.9
80.2
81.2
78.8
52.1
61.3
40.6
13.1
17.7
12.4
6.9

6,353
399
185
215
750
4,678
1,815
809
1,006
1,826
977
849
1,037
608
429
427
279
149
97
55
24
18

61.9
36.1
31.5
41.2
63.4
76.8
75.7
71.9
79.1
79.2
78.7
79.8
74.5
75.4
73.1
48.1
56.3
37.7
9.9
13.1
8.5
6.4

138
11
7
4
15
96
28
1
26
44
24
20
24
13
44
9
5
5
6
1
5

6,215
388
178
210
735
4,582
1,787
808
979
1.782
953
829
1,013
595
418
418
274
144
91
54
19
19

913
241
107
134
162
443
205
119
85
158
83
76
80
46
34
36
25
12
31
19
11
1

12,623
1.125
572
553
1.409
7.393
2.961
1.431
1.530
2.739
1.477
1.263
1.692
967
725
1,156
611
546
1,539
513
391
634

7.546
563
263
301
957
5.355
2,108
1,031
1.077
2,052
1,121
930
1.196
718
478
507
312
195
163
102
33
29

59.8
50.1
45.9
54.3
67.9
72.4
71.2
72.0
70.4
74.9
75.9
73.7
70.7
74.2
65.9
43.9
51.1
35.8
10.6
19.8
8.4
4.5

6,719
370
179
191
789
4,915
1,895
899
996
1,888
1,023
865
1.132
685
446
489
302
187
156
96
33
28

53.2
32.9
31.3
34.5
56.0
66.5
64.0
62.8
65.1
68.9
69.3
68.5
66.9
70.9
61.5
42.3
49.5
34.2
10.2
18.6
8.4
4.3

27
3

Percent
of
labor
force

11.7
36.1
34.4
37.5
17.6
8.4

10.1
12.8
7.7
8.0
8.3
7.6
6.2
5.8
7.0
5.6
5.6
5.7
13.1
14.2

0
O
12.6
37.6
36.6
38.5
17.8
8.6
10.1
12.9
7.8
8.0
7.8
8.2
7.1
7.1
7.3
7.8
8.1
7.3
24.4

0
1

Not
in
labor
force

8.072
1,029
604
425
724
3,011
1,231
597
633
1,008
537
472
772
401
371
1,075
490
584
2,233
758
605
870

2,994
467
295
172
271
974
377
197
180
321
181
139
276
152
124
425
191
234
857
346
246
264

W
16 years and over
16 to 19 years ..
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years ..
25 to 54 years ..
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years...
60 to 64 years...
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75.000.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years.

22




3
12
11

367
179
188
777
4,904
1,895
899
996
1,881
1,022
858
1,128
683
445
489
302
187
156
96
33
28

826
193
84
110
168
440
212
132
81
163
98
65
65
33
32
18
10
8
7
6

10.9
34.3
31.9
36.5
17.5
8.2
10.1
12.8
7.5
8.0
8.7
7.0
5.4
4.6
6.7
3.6
3.1
4.3
4.2
5.7

V)

5.077
562
309
253
453
2,038
854
400
454

332
496
249
247
649
299
350
1,376
412
358
606

For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

193,633
130,324
67.3
121,323
3,464
117,859
9,002
6.9
63,309

196,859
132,783
67.5
124,503
3,732
120,770
8,281
6.2
64,076

85,950
66,663
77.6
62,624
2,440
60,184
4,039
6.1
19,287

87,123
67,138
77.1
63,636
2,486
61,150
3,503
5.2
19,985

94,425
55,010
58.3
51,610
686
50,924
3,400
6.2
39,415

95,469
56,320
59.0
53,169
872
52,297
3,150
5.6
39,150

13,258
8,652
65.3
7,089
338
6,751
1,563
18.1
4,607

14,267
9,325
65.4
7,698
375
7,323
1,628
17.5
4,941

163,971
111,139
67.8
104,472
3,206
101,267
6,667
6.0
52,832

165,576
112,514
68.0
106,447
3,473
102,973
6,067
5.4
53,062

73,742
57,545
78.0
54,468
2,232
52,235
3,077
5.3
16,197

74,308
57,667
77.6
55,065
2,286
52,779
2,601
4.5
16,641

79,652
46,364
58.2
43,872
656
43,216
2,492
5.4
33,288

79,983
47,088
58.9
44,725
829
43,896
2,363
5.0
32,895

10,577
7,230
68.4
6,133
317
5,816
1,098
15.2
3,347

11,285
7,759
68.8
6,657
358
6,298
1,102
14.2
3,526

22,346
14,371
64.3
12,448
185
12,263
1,923
13.4
7,975

22,883
14,811
64.7
13,072
164
12,908
1,739
11.7
8,072

9,043
6,592
72.9
5,835
154
5,681
757
11.5
2,451

9,153
6,625
72.4
5,953
127
5,827
672
10.1
2,527

11,208
6,653
59.4
5,880
18
5,861
773
11.6
4,555

11,498
6,982
60.7
6,349
23
6,326
633
9.1
4,515

2,095
1,125
53.7
733
12
721
392
34.9
970

2,233
1,204
53.9
769
15
755
434
36.1
1,029

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993
and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current




Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian nonlnstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1994
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Part

Full

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

5,302
2,783
2,520

3,082
1,380
1,702

58.1
49.6
67.5

2,709
1,146
1,562

1,060
336
724

1,649
810

373
234
139

183
109
73

190
124

12.1
16.9
8.2

itign scnooi
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,784
3,519
2,369
1,149

728
2,353
1,425
928

40.8
66.9
60.2
80.8

565
2,144
1,286
859

131
929
517
412

434
1,215
768
447

163
209
140
70

113
75

94
96
65
31

22.4
8.9
9.8
7.5

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

20 to 24 years

2,522
1,348
1,174

1,463
682
781

58.0
50.6
66.6

1,262
561
701

578
203
375

684
358
326

201
121
80

108
60
48

93
60
33

13.7
17.7
10.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

921
1,601
1,129
472

420
1,044
664
379

45.5
65.2
58.8
80.4

323
939
592
346

92
486
293
192

231
453
299
154

96
105
72
33

41
67
48
19

55
38
24
14

22.9
10.1
10.8
8.7

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

2,780
1,434
1,346

1,619
698
920

58.2
48.7
68.4

1,447
585
861

482
133
349

964
452
512

172
113
59

75
49
26

97
64
33

10.6
16.2
6.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

862
1,918
1,240
677

309
1,310
761
549

35.8
68.3
61.3
81.0

241
1,205
693
512

39
443
224
219

202
762
469
293

67
104
68
37

28
47
27
20

39
58
41
17

21.8
8.0
8.9
6.7

4,064
2,115
1,949

2,536
1,127
1,409

62.4
53.3
72.3

2.297
978
1,319

918
288
631

1,378

240
149
90

121
71
50

119
79
40

9.5
13.3
6.4

Men
Women

1,926
2,138

1,192
1,344

61.9
62.9

1,065
1,232

518
400

546
832

128
112

71
50

56
62

10.7
8.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,305
2,759
1,832
927

563
1,973
1,195
778

43.1
71.5
65.2
84.0

450
1,846
1,114
732

100
818
448
370

350
1,029
666
363

113
127
81
46

47
74
40
34

66
53
41
12

20.0
6.4
6.8
5.9

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

832
501
331

199
191

46.9
39.7
57.7

279
126
153

185
94
90

111
73
38

57
38
19

54
35
19

28.4
36.6
20.0

Men
Women

382
450

190
200

49.7
44.5

127
152

91
93

63
48

32
24

30
24

33.2
23.9

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

385
447
309

142
248
144
104

37.0
55.4
46.6
74.9

90
189
104
85

67
118
58
59

52
59
40
19

23
34
29
5

29
25
12
14

36.6
23.7
28.0
17.9

688
421
267

346
154
193

50.3
36.5
72.1

278
111
167

104
44
61

174
68
106

42
26

40
27
13

28
15
12

19.6
27.5
13.3

Men
Women

313
375

178

53.7
47.5

131
148

54
51

77
97

37
31

23
17

15
13

22.3
17.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

327
361
223
138

248
137
111

30.1
68.7
61.5
80.3

70
208
102
106

31
73
36

39
135

29
39
35
4

19
21
21
1

9
18
14*
4

28.9
15.9
25.5
4.0

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

24



HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1994
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Part
time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Total

Full
time

18,359
6,551
11,808

12,637
3,007
9,630

5,719
3,544
2,175

2,691
1,394
1,297

2,156
950

Total

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED

1,206

535
444
91

17.5
9.9

930
747
338
142

355
113
62
5

22.4
12.1
6.3
7.8

1,475
785
690

1,212
553
659

263
232
31

13.0
18.5
9.7

1,132
637

756
472
178

588
410
147

67

169
62
30
2

22.0
11.8
5.8
8.2

5,189
1,159
4,030

3,274
1,940
1,333

1,216
609
607

944
397
547

272
212
60

12.6
16.4
10.2

1,776
2,704
3,023
960

659
1,714
1,997
819

1.117
990
1,026
141

528
387
223
78

342
337
191
75

186
50
32
3

22.9
12.5
6.9
7.5

80.0
72.3
85.5

15,632
5,679
9,953

10,784
2,624
8,160

4,848
3,054
1,793

1,880
953
927

1,475
617
858

405
336

10.7
14.4
8.5

9,529
7,983

85.3
74.4

8,482
7,150

6,426
4,358

2,055
2,792

1,047
833

842
633

205
200

11.0
10.4

7,258
6,964
5,884
1,792

4,733
5,827
5,294
1,657

65.2
83.7
90.0
92.5

3,854
5,232
5,012
1,534

1,903
3,908
3,625
1,348

1,951
1,324
1,387
186

880
595
282
123

615
504
237
119

265
91
45
4

18.6

3,994
1,732
2,261

2,683
1,005
1,678

67.2
58.0
74.2

2,029
643
1,386

1,370
284
1,086

359
297

653
362
292

577
297
281

76
65
11

24.3
36.0
17.4

Men
Women.

1,909
2,084

1,363
1,320

71.4
63.3

1,023
1,006

726
643

293
363

340
313

311
266

29
47

24.9
23.7

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,550
1,388
912
144

770
1,008
770
135

49.7
72.6
84.4
93.8

447
776
680
127

213
537
507
113

234
236
173
14

324
232
90
8

271
217
82

52
15
9

42.0
23.0
11.7

3,638
1,408
2,230

2,526
834
1,692

59.3
75.8

2,080
622
1,458

1,508
311
1,197

572
311
261

446
212
234

360
147
212

86
65
22

17.6
25.4
13.8

Men
Women.

1,954
1,684

1,594
932

81.6
55.3

1,314
767

1,042

272
300

280
165

223
136

57
29

17.6
17.8

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college ...
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,899
1,042
632
64

1,154
806
518
48

60.8
77.3
82.0

625
523
320
40

263
165
138
6

266
118
61

206
99
54

60
19
7

23.0
14.7
11.8

1

1

Total, 16 to 24 years ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Men, 16 to 24 years...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

27,277
11,484
15,792

21,050
13,105

77.2
69.2
83.0

9,316
8,737
7,176
2,048

5,743
7,101
6,330
1,877

61.6
81.3
88.2
91.7

4,458
6,241
5,930
1,730

2,209
4,610
4,296
1,521

2,248
1,628
1,634
210

1,285
859
400
147

13,770
5,906
7,864

11,372
4,238
7,134

82.6
71.8
90.7

9,897
3,452
6,445

7,448
1,848
5,600

2,446
1,604
842

5,032
4,464
3,359

68.3
89.8
91.8
91.9

2,682
3,537
2,907
770

1,550
2,897

914

3,439
4,010
3,084
840

13,507
5,578
7,928

9,678
3,708
5,971

71.7
66.5
75.3

8,462
3,099
5,363

4,284
4,272
3,816
1,134

2,304
3,091
3,246
1,038

53.8
72.3
85.0
91.5

21,899
9,170
12,729

17,512
6,632
10,880

11,176
10,723

7,945

2,299
702

12.8

10.2
5.3
7.4

5.6

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not




457
47

presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups. Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier
years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey
Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
July 1994
1

Employed

Part-time workers

At work

At work2

Age, sex, and race

Total

Unemployed

Full-time workers

35
hours
or

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at

Total

Part time for
economic

Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
8,509
143
48
95
8,366
448
7,918
6,748
1,170

21,977
4,355
2,380
1,974

3,888
84
3,804

39,970
5,332

4,546
288
4,258
481
3,777
3,201
576

41,840
1,292
40,548
4,379
36,169
32,046
4,122

33,157
1,082
32,075
3,755
28,320
25,199
3,122

4,061
151
3,911
403
3,508
3,106
401

4,621

52,652
1,812
50,840
5,133
45,707

45,337
1,493
43,844
4,539
39,305
34,504
4,801

3,919
244

27,290
924

3,421
124
3,297
320
2,977
2,610
368

3,907
52
3,854
166

467
40
427
55
372
331
41

356
5

494
21
472
63
409
383
26

554
6
548
44
504
443
61

85,406
2,762
728
2,034
82,644

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

102,522
3,343

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over

60,683
2,051
58,631
5,974
52,657

50,569
5,267
45,302

46,178
6,479

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

919
2,424
99,179
10.354
78,224
10,601

20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over

20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

,

39,869
5,839
34,618
1,100
33,517
3,658

29,860
26,312
3,548

5,598
170
5,428
591
4,836

4,390
446
5,465
145
5,319
557
4,762
4,338
425

9,022
73,623
65,169
8,454
52,249
1,680

26,366
3,172
23,194
20,541
2,653

4,775
125
4,650
514
4,136
3,775
362
4,417
118

4,299
450
3,849
3,512
337

8,607
438
143
295
8,169
885
7,284

6,307
977

3,674
399
3,275
2,746
529

1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual
weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the
reference week. Persons absent from work are also classified according to their usual
status.
2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for

26



226
3,578
3,007
571

59
4,562
221
4,341
3,741

599

3,396
74
3,322
195
3,127
2,618

509

3,162
527

351
23
328
284

10,583
4,026

3,705
736
308
428
2,969
759
2,211
1,956
255

15,947
3,349
1,901
1,448
12,598
2,103
10,495
7,271
3,224

6,963
1,962
5,001
1,168
3,833
2,184
1,649

1,667
371
1,296
338
959
843
116

15,014
2,393
12,621
1,845

2.325
270
171
98

6,952

1,329
568
396
172
761
157
604
432
172

1,356
547

1,059
442
618
5,892
1,280
4,613
4,140
473

4,844
1,489
3,356
784
2,572
1,210
1,362

452
103
349
46
303
131
172

3,869
613
3,255
706
2,549
2,263
285

540
293
247
64

11,103
1,861
9,243
1,319
7,923
6,061
1,863

1,873
167
1,706
105
1,601
1,225
375

3,083
446
2,637
573
2,064
1,877
187

789
275
513

10,776
8,399
2,377

2,038
365
1,673
421
1,252
1.113
139

5,886
1,661
4.225
941
3,284
1,761
1,523

1,311
299
1,012
270
742
644
98

4,197
1.278
2,920
637
2,283
1,021
1,262

378
85

2,841
405
2,437
508
1,929
1,709
219

13,291
2,084

1,614
304
1,310
328
982
878
104

9,963
1,632
8,331
1,121
7,210
5,547
1,664

1,714
148
1,566
92
1,474
1,121
354

2,222
283

11,207
1,540
9,667
7,546
2,121

1,539
1,376
163

66
359
283
76

751
229
522
156
366
288
79

251
50
201
60
141
134
7

452
168
285
86
198
134
65

47
11
36
9
27
20
7

800
193
607
150
457
413
44

113
47
65
12
54
30
24

1,255
225
1,030
232
798
577
221

335
45
290
81
208
177
31

805
169
636
139
496
321
175

115
11
105
11
94
79
15

707
141
566
149
416
402
14

119
52
67
18
49
38
11

17,622
3,013

14,609

2,055
152
1,903

294
34
260
97
163

1,939
400

183
98

86

93
420
334
86

218

164
43
121

64
57
621
196
424

working part time.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier
years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey
Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)

Occupation

16 years
and over

16 years
and over
July
1993

Women

Men

Total

16 years
and over

20 years
and over

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

121,323 124,503 66,313

67,649

62,624

63,636

55,010

56,854

51,610

53,169

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

31,962
15,433
663
10,657
4,113
16,529
1,728
1,075
552
895
2,693
633
3,759
830
4,363

33,476
16,501
651
11,524
4,322
16,975
1,883
1,182
583
947
2,683
706
3,738
852
4,402

16,793
8,984
383
6,614
1,987
7,809
1,567
747
373
726
359
397
938
605
2,097

17,439
9,500
371
7,081
2,047
7,938
1,716
763
396
746
318
401
895
606
2,097

16,662
8,954
383
6,586
1,985
7,708
1,563
740
371
726
357
391
916
605
2,038

17,302
9,451
370
7,036
2,045
7,851
1,714
761
396
743
317
401
874
606
2,038

15,169
6,450
281
4,043
2,126
8,719
161
328
179
168
2,334
236
2,821
225
2,266

16,037
7,000
280
4,443
2,275
9,037
167
419
186
201
2,365
305
2,843
246
2,305

14,981
6,402
279
3,999
2,123
8,580
161
328
177
169
2,333
234
2,766
225
2,187

15,855
6,953
278
4,401
2,272
8,902
167
418
184
201
2,363
304
2,795
246
2,223

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

37,446
4,161
1,509
1,129
1,522
14,725
4,051
2,388
1,552
6,630
104
18,561
738
612
4,248
2,330
952
9,680

37,491
3,927
1,631
1,216
1,081
14,921
4,469
2,362
1,508
6,497
85
18,643
737
540
4,319
2,357
934
9,756

13,688
2,061
262
888
912
7,707
2,595
1,435
1,246
2,395
36
3,920
287
238
65
252
566
2,513

13,406
1,901
294
962
645
7,527
2,805
1,418
1,120
2,166
18
3,978
277
228
106
235
572
2,560

13,022
2,030
259
878
893
7,273
2,572
1,428
1,236
2,001
36
3,719
287
229
55
244
544
2,360

12,711
1,869
293
936
641
7,084
2,795
1,402
1,111
1,762
16
3,758
274
211
97
223
542
2,410

23,758
2,099
1,248
241
610
7,018
1,456
954
306
4,234
68
14,641
451
375
4,183
2,078
387
7,168

24,085
2,026
1,337
254
436
7,394
1,664
945
388
4,330
67
14,665
460
312
4,213
2,122
362
7,196

22,207
2,057
1,228
227
602
6,056
1,427
942
296
3,330
61
14,094
449
365
4,043
2,050
378
6,809

22,327
1,997
1,319
251
427
6,255
1,647
934
379
3,231
64
14,074
458
297
4,096
2,097
352
6,775

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

16,986
1,000
2,203
13,784
6,015
2,103
2,953
2,712

17,440
878
2,314
14,248
6,061
2,176
3,178
2,833

6,857
40
1,782
5,034
2,516
273
1,704
541

7,052
38
1,882
5,132
2,550
267
1,728
588

5,759
31
1,724
4,004
1,785
256
1,550
414

5,884
25
1,787
4,073
1,795
245
1,551
482

10,129
960
420
8,749
3,499
1,831
1,249
2,171

10,388
841
432
9,116
3,511
1,910
1,449
2,245

8,791
764
343
7,684
2,788
1,743
1,180
1,973

8,950
683
342
7,925
2,703
1,823
1,370
2,029

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,686
4,484
5,352
3,849

13,730
4,537
5,273
3,920

12,470
4,306
5,231
2,933

12,502
4,327
5,164
3,011

12,163
4,205
5,065
2,894

12,170
4,213
5,011
2,946

1,216
178
122
917

1,228
210
109
909

1,170
173
115
882

1,193
206
96
891

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,276
7,376
4,995
3,752
1,243
4,904
759
4,145

18,182
7,734
5,169
3,838
1,331
5,279
849
4,430

13,190
4,605
4,549
3,375
1,174
4,036
730
3,306

13,900
4,797
4,767
3,476
1,291
4,336
817
3,519

12,148
4,440
4,430
3,280
1,151
3,278
652
2,626

12,660
4,612
4,653
3,384
1,269
3,395
663
2,732

4,086
2,771
446
377

3,881
2,685
435

29
840

4,282
2,937
402
362
40
943
32
912

760
26
734

4,084
2,856
396
356
40
831
31
801

3,967
1,228
2,740

4,184
1,498
2,687

3,315
1,031
2,285

3,351
1,095
2,256

2,870
1,021
1,849

2,908
1,063
1,844

652
197
455

833
402
430

580
195
384

761
384
377

Total

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current




July
1994

20 years
and over

July
1993

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men

Total
Occupation and race

Women

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

121,323
100.0

124,503
100.0

66,313
100.0

67,649
100.0

55,010
100.0

56,854
100.0

26.3

26.9
13.3
13.6

25.3
13.5
11.8
20.6
3.1
11.6

25.8
14.0
11.7
19.8
2.8
11.1

27.6
11.7
15.9
43.2
3.8
12.8

5.9

5.9

26.6

10.3

10.4
.1
2.8

6.9
6.1
5.0

18.5
20.5
7.1
7.0
6.4
5.0

18.4
1.7
.8
15.9
2.2
7.4
5.0
.8
1.6
1.2

28.2
12.3
15.9
42.4
3.6
13.0
25.8
18.3
1.5
.8
16.0
2.2
7.5
5.2
.7
1.7
1.5

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.7

13.6
30.9
3.4
12.1

15.3
14.0
.8
1.8
11.4
11.3
14.2

6.1

30.1
3.2
12.0
15.0
14.0
.7
1.9
11.4
11.0
14.6

.1
2.7
7.6
18.8
19.9
6.9

7.6

4.1
4.0
3.3

6.2
4.2
4.2
3.4

104,472
100.0

106,447
100.0

57,653
100.0

58,538
100.0

46,819
100.0

47,909
100.0

27.3
13.3
14.0

27.9

26.3
14.2
12.1
20.8
3.1

26.8
14.7
12.2
20.0
2.8
11.7
5.5

28.5
12.2

29.1
12.7
16.4
43.3
3.5
13.6

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.4
5.6
4.0
3.8
3.5

13.8
14.1
30.5
3.1
12.6
14.8
12.8
.7
1.8
10.3
11.4
13.9
5.8
4.1
4.0
3.6

12,448
100.0

13,072
100.0

6,228
100.0

6,353
100.0

6,220
100.0

6,719
100.0

17.8
8.1
9.6
28.0
3.3
8.0
16.7
23.3
1.3
2.9
19.0
7.7
21.1
9.3
5.3
6.6
2.1

18.6
9.0
9.6

14.6

21.0
8.3
12.6

21.8
9.2
12.6

28.0
2.8
8.1
17.2
23.2
1.0
2.8
19.4
8.2
20.0
8.5
5.4
6.1
1.9

18.5
2.5
6.5

15.3
8.9
6.4
17.6
2.1
6.9
8.7
19.9

37.4
4.0
9.5
24.0
27.5
2.5
1.2

37.9
3.5
9.1
25.2
26.3
2.0
.9
23.4
2.4

31.2
3.4

12.7
15.2
12.8
.8

1.7
10.3
11.8

12.2
5.5
9.2

9.2

16.2
44.1
3.8

13.2
27.1

26.1
17.1
1.4
.7
14.9
2.1
6.9
4.6
.7
1.6
1.6

2.5
6.7
19.6
18.8
6.6
6.6

.1
2.6
6.6
19.1
19.6
6.8
6.8

5.6
5.2

6.0
5.2

17.2
1.6
.7
14.9
2.1
6.8
4.5
.8
1.6
1.3

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993
and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the

28



7.9

6.6

9.5
19.1
.2
4.7
14.2
12.8
31.2
10.3

9.6
11.3
3.8

0
4.7
15.2
14.5

29.4
9.6
9.9

9.9
3.3

23.8
2.6
11.1
8.3
1.0
1.8
.4

11.1

7.6
1.2
2.4
.5

Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994
issue of Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
July 1994
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration
1

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadminiscians
trative Private
Profesployed
trative,
Other
and
Sales support, housesional
and
service1
related
hold
including
specialty
manasupport
clerical
gerial

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producHandlers, forestry,
opertion,
Transporequipment
ators,
and
tation
craft,
assemcleaners, fishing
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
inspeclaborers
tors

22
9
60
756
336
420

160
67
476
2,079
1,120
959

14
4
44
317
150
167

45
209
4,473
3,743
2,595
1,148

3
16
98
6,282
3,391
2,891

29
120
592
756
419
337

27
24
934
1,143
572
571

3,224
3
39
91
75
16

496
510
104
407

337
280
173 10,678
38 1,856
135 8,822

2,333
2,384
792
1,592

242
5,162
40
5,123

1,356
1,398
301
1,097

119
347
140
208

2,029
1,037
510
526

550
2,025
429
1,596

12
124
75
49

263
12,692
7
12,686
11,177
901

164 2,057
2,277 1,024
3
2
2,275 1,021
2,000
172
212
36

2,977
6,754
6
6,748
4,907
1,412

295
8,949
74
8,874
5,104
1,535

165
2,125
13
2,112
459
216

13
819

13
520

819
208
37

514
265
73

17
524
13
510
103
35

91
565
65
499
158
36

3,732
676
8,067
20,186
11,788
8,398

92
119
1,143
2,571
1,534
1,037

78
82
129
1,823
1,185
638

8,835
26,081
4,815
21,265

1,081
2,242
531
1,711

8,276
42,804
1,068
41,736
28,111
5,845

2,222
5,678
1
5,677
3,557
1,352

37
24
78
625
411
215

Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993
and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

878
878

6

Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994
issue of Employment and Earnings.

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
July 1994
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex

Wage
Unpaid
Selfand
employed family
salary
workers workers
workers

Other
Private
household
private
workers industries
1,059
201
125
76
99
161
223
165
120
90

92,753
6,392
2,623
3,769
11,454
25,675
24,257
15,567
7,325
2,083

17,763
546
247
300
1,127
3,749
5,540
4,589
1,844
368

9,051
159
82
77
309
1,737
2,728
2,160
1,294
664

145
23
8
15
23
24
21
24
25
4

59,256
3,628
1,554
2,074
6,639
16,054
16,024
10,629
4,959
1,324

50,938
3,352
1,426
1,926
6,089
14,258
13,527
8,490
4,106
1,116

133
39
28
11
13
33
17
15
10
6

50,805
3,313
1,397
1,915
6,076
14,226
13,510
8,475
4,096
1,110

8,318
276
128
148
550
1,795
2,497
2,139
853
208

5,542
62
29
33
203
1,032
1,673
1,339
808
426

53

3
10

52,319
3,512
1,441
2,071
6,042
13,531
13,996

2
2

4,329
1,218

42,873
3,242
1,323
1,919
5,464
11,577
10,952
7,242
3,339
1,057

926
162
97
65
86
128
205
150
110
84

41,948
3,080
1,226
1,854
5,378
11,450
10,746
7,092
3,229
973

9,446
270
118
152
577
1,954
3,044
2,449
991
160

3,509
97
54
44
107
705
1,055
821
486
238

91
12
6
6
7
20
16
24
11
2

1,770
99
65
35
44
271
362
365
316
314

64
27
14
13
9
4
10

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,467
210
109
101
240
438
278
172
78
51

1,288
78
47
31
39
186
269
258
213
245

42
24
11
12
9
1

431
39
26
13
64
110
121
57
21
18

482
21
18
4
5
85
93
107
102

21
3

7
7

4
4

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993
and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the




Total

93,811
6,594
2,749
3,845
11,553
25,836
24,479
15,732
7,445
2,173

1,899
249
135
114
305
548
399
229
99

30

Total

SelfUnpaid
employed family
Government workers workers

111,575
7,140
2,995
4,145
12,680
29,585
30,019
20,320
9,288
2,541

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

Private industries

16
4
5
14
2

Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994
issue of Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21.

Persons at work in agriculture and nonagriculture industries by hours of work
July 1994

All
industries
Total, 16 years and over

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Nonagricultural
industries

Agriculture

All
industries

Nonagricultural
industries

Agriculture

113,669

3,520

110,149

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

27,282
1,325
3,976
13,691
8,290

1,077
82
219
562
215

26,202
1,244
3,757
13,129
8,075

24.0
1.2
3.5
12.0
7.3

30.6
2.3
6.2
16.0
6.1

23.8
1.1
3.4
11.9
7.3

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

86,387
8,504
41,631
36,252
13,646
12,856
9,751

2,443
214
727
1,502
270
387
845

83,944
8,290
40,903
34,750
13,376
12,469
8,905

76.0
7.5
36.6
31.9
12.0
11.3
8.6

6.1
20.7
42.7
7.7
11.0
24.0

76.2
7.5
37.1
31.5
12.1
11.3
8.1

39.7
43.5

43.0
50.5

39.6
43.3

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of

Employment and Earnings. Detail on persons at work in tables A-21 through
A-25 may not sum to the totals shown because of minor editing problems
associated with the redesigned survey.

A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1994
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

27,282

8,607

18,672

26,202

8,304

17,898

4,841
2,408
2,014
187
232

1,411
1,087

3,430
1,322
2,014
94

4,617
2,299
1,962
133
222

1,319
1,027

3,298
1,272
1,962
64

22,438
791
4,845
603
4,120
1,689
4,027
70
329
5,965

7,196
55
553

15,242
736
4,292
603
4,082
1,689

6,985
56
526

32
2,123

3,841

21,585
772
4,647
564
3,992
1,523
3,948
67
263
5,808

3,948
67
263
2,087

3,721

Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

22.6
21.4

24.8
24.0

21.7
20.2

22.6
21.6

24.8
24.0

21.7
20.4

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993
and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the

Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994
issue of Employment and Earnings.

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons




92
232

39

69
222

38

14,600
717
4,121
564
3,955
1,523

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Persons at work In nonagrlcultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1994
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours

Industry and class of worker

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

Total 16 years and over.

110,149

26,202

Wage and salary workers ,

101,686

For
economic

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

4,617

6,985

14,600

83,944

39.6

43.3

23,471

4,170

6,495

12,803

78,215

39.5

42.9

610

41

4

27

11

569

47.1

47.7

6,220

1,014

338

406

270

5,207

41.4

42.9

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods.

18,193
7,668

2,143
1,143
1,000

396
202
194

1,184
706
479

563
235
328

16,050
9,383
6,667

42.6
43.0
42.1

43.5
43.6
43.3

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .

7,852
22,888
7,210

1,086
7,434
1,327

147
1,508

488
1,013
498

451

6,766

4,913
717

15,453
5,883

42.7
37.6
39.7

44.4
43.6
42.1

Service industries
Private households..
All other industries ..
Public administration..

33,221

9,641
585
9,056
785

1,610

986
32,235
5,491

5,659
406

1,470
54

2,368
39
2,328
512

23,580
401
23,179

4,706

37.6
28.7
37.9
40.8

42.2
43.2
42.1
41.8

Self-employed workers.
Unpaid family workers..

8,318
145

2,653
81

440
7

484
6

1,729

5,665
64

40.3
33.9

47.6
45.6

Mining
Construction

10,526

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current

32



113
140

5,254
219

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1994
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours

Industry and class of worker

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

110,149
6,921
2,874
4,047
103,228
12,432
90,796
78,610
12,186

26,202
4,134
2,130
2,004
22,071
3,510
18,561
14,531
4,030

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

60,633
3,523
1,479
2,044
57,110
6,597
50,512
43,680
6,832

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

4,617
747
314
433
3,869
860
3,010
2,618
392

6,985
300
74
227
6,685
672
6,013
5,249
764

14,600
3,086
1,742
1,344
11,514
1,976
9,538
6,663
2,875

83,944
2,787
744
2,042
81,157
8,922
72,235
64,079
8,156

39.6
29.8
25.5
32.8
40.2
37.3
40.6
41.2
36.6

43.3
40.2
39.3
40.5
43.4
41.7
43.6
43.7
42.9

10,051
1,893
1,055
838
8,158
1,465
6,694
4,900
1,793

2,224
368
181
187
1,856
431
1,426
1,228
198

3,526
191
58
133
3,335
321
3,014
2,590
424

4,298
1,334
816
518
2,964
710
2,253
1,082
1,172

50,582
1,631
425
1,206
48,951
5,132
43,819
38,780
5,039

42.5
31.5
26.8
34.9
43.2
39.2
43.7
44.4
39.5

44.8
40.5
39.6
40.8
44.9
42.4
45.2
45.3
44.3

49,516
3,397
1,394
2,003
46,119
5,835
40,284
34,929
5,355

16,154
2,241
1,075
1,166
13,913
2,045
11,867
9,630
2,237

2,393
380
134
246
2,013
429
1,584
1,390
194

3,459
109
16
93
3,350
351
2,999
2,659
340

10,302
1,752
925
827
8,550
1,265
7,285
5,581
1,703

33,362
1,156
320
836
32,206
3,790
28,416
25,299
3,118

36.0
28.0
24.0
30.8
36.6
35.2
36.8
37.3
32.9

41.0
39.7
38.8
40.0
41.1
40.7
41.1
41.2
40.7

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

93,767
52,284
41,482

22,528
8,518
14,010

3,658
1,758
1,900

5,978
3,058
2,920

12,893
3,702
9,190

71,238
43,766
27,472

39.7
42.8
35.8

43.5
45.1
41.1

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

11,855
5,826
6,029

2,708
1,110
1,598

734
341
393

765
348
417

1,206
418
788

9,146
4,716
4,430

38.2
39.8
36.7

41.3
42.3
40.3

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

36,730
6,833
17,070

4,532
1,098
4,421

817
283
1,124

2,188
468
870

1,527
346
2,424

32,198
5,735
12,649

44.1
43.2
38.7

45.5
45.0
42.9

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

25,828
10,025
13,664

8,415
2,664
5,075

861
497
1,035

1,858
805
796

5,696
1,361
3,244

17,412
7,361
8,588

35.6
38.0
35.1

40.7
41.7
41.2

TOTAL

Race

Marital status

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current




Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1994
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours

Occupation and sex

For noneconomic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Total

109,734

26,080

4,550

6,938

14,588

83,654

39.6

43.3

29,084
15,511
13,573

5,396
2,038
3,358
9,322

7,013
4,773
5,008

2,200
1,072
1,129
2,084
214
639
1,231
892
34
140
718
829
933
450
237
246

2,662
808
1,853
5,974
399
2,777
2,798
4,164
338
163
3,663
483
1,306
281
317
708

23,688

364
5,639
1,784
3,082
1,024
726
1,331

534
158
376
1,264
78
691
495
1,436
122
60
1,254
472
843
293
172
378

13,712
5,988
4,047
3,677

42.1
44.2
39.7
38.0
40.3
39.2
36.5
34.7
28.2
42.0
33.9
42.2
41.1
41.3
44.3
37.8

44.7
45.8
43.3
42.4
42.9
45.0
40.3
41.6
42.2
44.0
41.0
43.6
43.5
42.4
46.7
41.8

,

60,118

9,854

2,166

3,474

4,210

50,265

42.6

44.8

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
,
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

15,987
8,967
7,020
12,762
1,799
7,181
3,782
6,667
33
1,761
4,872
11,715
12,988
4,404
4,443
4,141

2,087
912
1,175
2,008
204
1,147
657
2,043
15
279
1,749
1,567
2,148
533
562
1,053

242
98
144
315
24
195
96
583
6
46
531
441
586
155
120
312

1,074
550
524
626
109
283
234
356

13,900
8,055
5,845
10,753
1,595
6,034
3,124
4,623
18
1,483
3,123
10,149
10,839
3,871
3,881
3,087

45.0
46.4
43.3
42.7
43.1
44.2
39.6
37.7

46.6
47.4
45.5
45.2
44.2
47.2
41.9
42.5

121
236
759
658
253
212
192

771
264
506
1,067
71
669
327
1,101
9
112
980
367
904
125
230
549

49,616

16,226

2,384

3,464

10,378

13,097
6,544
6,553

3,309
1,126
2,183
7,313
488
2,959
3,867
4,452
479
85
3,889
217
934
492
164
278

292
60
232
949
54
496
399
853
116
14
723
32
257
138
53
66

1,126
522
604
1,458
105
356
997
536
34
20
483
69
275
197
25
53

1,891
544

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1

Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
,
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
,
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
,
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
,
Service, except private household and protective.....
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1

34,922
3,692
14,078
17,153
16,105
820
2,142
13,143
12,829

16,794

22,161
1,893
6,897
13,371
9,438
787
380
8,271
1,114

3,806
2,609
330

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and

2

34



868

691
4,106
4,524
6,496
494

For
economic Usually
reasons
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

1,347
4,906
328

2,107
2,471
3,063
329
51
2,683
116
402
157
86
159

13,473
10,215
25,601

3,001
9,972
12,629
327
1,778
7,504

11,045

Total

at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

0

O

42.8
36.0
42.5
42.1
42.5
45.1
38.3

44.4
41.7
43.6
44.3
43.4
46.9
42.2

33,390

35.9

41.0

9,788
5,419
4,369
14,848
1,406
3,938
9,504

38.5
41.3
35.8
35.3
37.7
34.1
35.7
32.5
28.0
38.6
32.7
39.7
37.9
39.2
33.2
35.6

42.0
43.4
40.5
40.5
41.3
41.8
39.8
40.7
42.0
42.1
40.5
42.5
40.7
40.7
42.8
40.1

309
295
4,382

896
2,872
2,117
166

590

earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Women
Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates
July
1993

July
1994

3,872

6.9

4.9
7.3

1,686

1,376
786
1,710

10.6

6.4
4.3
6.6
10.4

5.2
3.0
6.4
9.6

2,961
1,307

2,843
1,188

616
1,038

579
1,076

5.9
4.7
6.5
8.4

5.6
4.2
6.1
8.4

965
156
225
584

826
111
171
543

13.4
6.8

10.9
21.9

12.6
5.5
12.4
20.5

11.3
20.1

10.9
4.6
8.4
17.7

5.5
4.0
8.7
9.2

4.6
3.2
7.3
8.2

2,711
1,358

663
939

2,732
1,335
578
819

2,484
1,208
727

549

5.6
4.6
6.9
7.8

5.0
4.0
6.3
7.5

White, 25 years and over....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,537
1,382
525
630

2,050
1,058
412
580

5.0
3.8
8.3
7.7

4.0
2.9
6.3
7.2

2,025
1,158
570

297

1,898
1,033
526
338

5.0
4.4
6.2
5.7

4.6
3.8
5.7
6.3

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

564
178
112
274

510
171
139
200

9.9

8.9
5.5
12.5
13.5

572
129
197
246

465
105
168
192

9.9
6.0

7.7
4.5
8.5
11.2

July
1993

July
1994

4,409

6.9

1,431

4.1
8.8
11.9

July
1993

July
1994

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

4,907
1,757
691

2,459

601
2,377

White, 16 years and over....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,705
1,477
550
1,678

3,224
1,132
431
1,661

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

957
187
115
655

913
179
140
594

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,251
1,648

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993
and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the




6.0
3.9
8.4
10.0
13.3

5.9

5.8

10.9
17.1

July
1993

July
1994

6.1
3.3
7.4

4,094
1,542
866

11.2

792
562

10.2

14.7

Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994
issue of Employment and Earnings.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Total

July
1993
Total, 16 years and over1

Unemployment rates
Men

Total
July
1994

Women

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

9,002

8,281

6.9

6.2

6.9

6.1

6.9

6.4

945
483
462

965
377
588

2.9
3.0
2.7

2.8
2.2
3.3

2.7
2.8
2.6

2.5
1.9
3.2

3.1
3.4
2.8

3.1
2.6
3.5

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

2,142
182
885
1,075

1,902
102
874
925

5.4
4.2
5.7
5.5

4.8
2.5
5.5
4.7

5.0
4.8
4.5
5.9

4.0
2.3
4.0
5.0

5.7
3.6
6.9
5.3

5.3
2.7
7.1
4.7

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,393
53
84

1,587
101
113

7.1

9.3

0

1,373

8.3
10.3
4.7
8.8

0

1,255

7.6
5.1
3.7
8.3

7.7
10.5
4.3
7.6

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

1,119
276
571
272

739
165
385
189

7.6
5.8
9.6
6.6

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1,838
738
363
737
169
568

1,817
720
373
724
160
564

9.6

Farming, forestry, and fishing

271

347

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,243
840
236
167

876
639

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993

36



9.1
6.8

3.0
8.4

4.7
10.9

7.9
4.5
6.4
8.3

5.1
3.5
6.8
4.6

7.6
5.9
9.7
6.2

4.9
3.3
6.8
3.9

7.2
3.6
7.2
7.9

6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9

9.1
8.5
6.7
12.1

9.0
7.6

8.7
7.6
6.6

11.6
11.5
6.7

10.3
10.0
11.9

12.0

15.9
11.3

6.8
12.8
18.0
11.5

6.4

7.7

6.1

13.1
18.2

8.5

12.1

14.4

16.2
11.1

14.1

12.0

7.4

7.8

8.8

0

ft

137
99

and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Total
July
1993

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993
and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current




Unemployment rates
Men

Total
July
1994

Women

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

9,002

8,281

6.9

6.2

6.9

6.1

6.9

6.4

6,582

6,170

6.8

6.2

6.9

6.2

6.7

6.2

42
818

41
585

5.8
13.2

5.9
9.1

6.0
13.3

6.0
9.5

5.3
12.2

4.9
4.8

1,479
797
59
53
29
44
63
143

1,171

7.1
6.7
8.2
8.3
5.3
5.6
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.2
6.5
10.0
5.0
7.9
7.7
9.2
6.2

6.4
6.6
7.5
10.4
5.9
5.7
4.8
6.2
4.9
8.2
6.5
10.0
4.9
8.9
6.1
7.9
5.9
9.8
3.5
3.1
6.7
6.5
6.1

4.9
5.2
8.0
6.3
9.2
3.1
5.5
3.5
2.8
7.3
7.8
6.7
2.7
5.0
4.5
4.9
7.0
8.8
4.9
5.2
2.4
2.2
3.1

8.7
7.2
12.2
3.3
2.8
4.9
5.8
5.4

13.6
4.5
5.1
6.6
7.9
6.3

5.6
5.5
7.2
7.1
8.1
3.2
6.4
3.8
4.2
7.4
7.6
7.2
3.9
5.9
5.8
5.0
7.2
12.0
4.9
6.1
3.4
3.8
4.1

7.1
6.3
1.9
8.7
3.8
3.9
9.3
4.8
6.0
7.9
7.0
9.3
5.6
8.8
7.7
5.3
7.3
13.1
5.0
7.3
5.3
6.7

4.7
5.6
3.4
7.5
6.0
7.8
3.8
5.8
4.4
7.8

5.1
6.3
3.3
7.5
5.5
7.9
3.6
5.7
4.1
8.0

5.1
5.7
4.0
6.9
5.4
7.3
3.6
6.0
4.0
7.5

5.6
6.8
3.5
7.2
5.3
7.8
3.3
5.9
4.2
7.3

3.7
5.2
2.5
8.2
7.5
8.3
3.9
5.8
4.6
8.2

3.7
4.7
2.9
7.9
5.9
8.1
3.8
5.6
4.1
8.8

10.1
3.2

10.9
3.4

10.0
3.1

11.0
3.1

10.4
3.4

10.4
3.7

141
190
77
112
33
42
682
190
38

151
36
90
85

69
23
324
226
98
1,901
269
1,631
282

1,737
760
977
212

964
1,243

663
53
47
46
26
88
94
79
167
93
74
27
35
508
98
45
124
40
111
44
31
14

368
272
96
1,951

259
1,692
274
1,780
759
1,021
232
1,004
876

10.2
8.2
6.5
10.0
5.2
6.8
9.9

11.8
6.6
14.9
7.3
7.3
6.3
10.7
8.0

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table A-29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Men,
20 years
and over

Total,
16 years
and over
July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

Women,
20 years
and over

July
1994

July
1993

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

Black

White

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

9,002
4,652
1,071
3,581

0
O
969
2,217
1,164

8,281
3,701
950
2,751
2,016
735
797
2,907
876

4,039
2,801
612
2,189

O
O
408
723
107

3,503
2,091
475
1,616
1,200
416
382
942
87

3,400
1,657
422
1,235

O
O
410
1,078
254

3,150
1,441
418
1,023
740
283
292
1,268
149

1,563
194
37
157

O
O
150
416
803

1,628
169
57
112
76
36
123
697
639

6,667 6,067 1,923 1,739
610
920
3,539 2,891
146
192
861
757
464
728
2,677 2,134
308
1,591
157
543
107
185
655
750
495
746 1,985
272
322
536
1,606

O
0

O
0

776

100.0
51.7
11.9
39.8
10.8
24.6
12.9

100.0
44.7
11.5
33.2
9.6
35.1
10.6

100.0
69.4
15.2
54.2
10.1
17.9
2.6

100.0
59.7
13.6
46.1
10.9
26.9
2.5

100.0
48.7
12.4
36.3
12.1
31.7
7.5

100.0
45.7
13.3
32.5
9.3
40.2
4.7

100.0
12.4
2.4
10.0
9.6
26.6
51.4

3.6
.7
1.7
.9

2.8
.6
2.2
.7

4.2
.6
1.1
.2

3.1
.6
1.4
.1

3.0
.7
2.0
.5

2.6
.5
2.3
.3

2.2
1.7
4.8
9.3

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
10.4 53.1 47.6 47.9 35.1
8.4
3.5 12.9 12.5 10.0
6.9 40.2 35.2 37.9 26.7
9.6
6.1
7.5 11.2 10.8
42.8 24.1 32.7 25.8 43.1
8.8 16.7 15.7
39.3 11.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants
1

Not available.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current




1.8
1.3
7.5
6.9

3.2
.7
1.4
.7

2.6
.6
1.8
.5

6.4
1.3
3.4
2.2

4.1
.7
5.1
1.8

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
July 1994
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

37.5

30.0

32.5

13.1

19.5

3,701
950
2,751

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

38.7
63.1
30.2
26.6
40.2
48.6
33.2
36.6

26.7
29.0
25.8
24.4
29.9
25.8
31.7
42.4

34.7
7.8
43.9
49.0
29.9
25.6
35.1
21.0

13.7
4.4
16.9
19.1
11.1

12.0 •
13.7
9.0

20.9
3.5
27.0
30.0
18.8
13.6
21.4
12.0

3,503

100.0

33.2

26.4

40.4

13.8

26.6

2,091
475
1,616
1,200
416
382

36.6
64.0
28.6
25.6
37.1
40.9
23.6
22.3

24.2
25.9
23.7
21.5
30.2
25.6
29.4
48.4

39.1
10.0
47.7
52.9
32.7
33.5
47.0
29.3

14.3

87

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

6.3
16.6
18.6
11.1
14.1
13.6
3.3

24.8
3.7
31.0
34.3
21.6
19.4
33.4
26.0

3,150

100.0

38.0

30.2

31.8

14.1

17.7

1,441
418

1,023
740
283
292
1,268
149

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

38.1
57.1
30.4
24.6
45.6
47.7
37.3
22.9

31.0
36.5
28.7
29.2
27.4
28.0
28.8
39.6

30.9
6.4
40.9
46.2
27.0
24.3
33.9
37.5

13.8
2.8
18.3
20.8
11.7
13.0
14.6
15.5

17.1
3.6
22.6
25.4
15.3
11.3
19.3
22.0

1,628

100.0

45.7

37.4

16.9

9.4

7.6

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

68.4
(1)
52.1
60.5

19.9
(1)
30.3
23.5

11.7

5.8
(1)
8.7

5.9
(1)
8.9
6.5

0

0

942

Women, 20 years and over

5 to 14
weeks

100.0

2,907
876

Men, 20 years and over

Less than
5 weeks

8,281

2,016
735
797

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Percent

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

57
112
76
36
123

697
639

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993
and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current

75.1
38.6
41.7

20.9
40.1
42.2

0
17.6

16.0
(1)
4.0
21.3
16.0

9.6

0)

0

3.3
12.3

9.0
7.8

8.2

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

A-31. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers

Total
Thousands of persons

Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration in weeks
Median duration in weeks

.

...

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

9,002

8,281

100.0

100.0

7,602

6,952

100.0

100.0

3,474
2,671
2,023
648
2,858
1,072
1,785
814
971

3,104
2,484
1,833
651
2,692
1,081
1,611
621
990

38.6
29.7
22.5
7.2
31.7
11.9
19.8
9.0
10.8

37.5
30.0
22.1
7.9
32.5
13.1
19.5
7.5
12.0

2,722
2,233
1,660
573
2,647
986
1,661
759
902

2,473
2,047
1,494
553
2,432
938
1,494
558
936

35.8
29.4
21.8
7.5
34.8
13.0
21.8
10.0
11.9

35.6
29.4
21.5
8.0
35.0
13.5
21.5
8.0
13.5

17.0
7.3

18.1
8.1

18.3
8.3

19.5
8.8

NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993
and earlier years. For additional information, ee "Revisions in the




Percent distribution

_

Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994
issue of Employment and Earnings.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
July 1994

Weeks

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Less
than
5 weeks

15 weeks and over
5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

TOTAL
1,611
123
174
428
393
314
121
57

18.1
10.3
13.7
19.4
21.5
26.0
22.7
25.8

1,015
85
102
281
238
186
81
43

20.7
11.1
13.9
23.1
25.5
29.8
26.8
32.7

511
65
80
148
118

596
39
73

69
23
7

128
40
14

15.2
9.2
13.4
15.1
17.7
21.7
17.5

1,124
709
414

17.3
20.0
14.4

7.6
8.4
6.7

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

8,281
1,628
1,436
1,983
1,583
1,006
465
179

3,104
743
572
704
551
310
167
57

2,484
609
518
559
416
228
117
38

2,692
276
346
720
617
468
182
84

1,081
152
172
291
224

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,409
906
770

1,564
399
306
332
262

1,259
335
271

571

153
79
32

111
63

1,586
172
194
425
343
271
118
63

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,872
721
666
927
813
471
204

1,540
344
267

1,225
273
247

1,106

371

295
274

88
25

261
250
117
54
23

1,055
771
535
261
110

289
157

298
166
15

104
153

197
63

21

154
60
28

87

92
144
106
85
37
20

147

156

0

8.1
5.5
7.4
8.8
9.4

12.3
9.9
10.5
9.0
6.0
8.0

9.9
11.6
15.0
12.7

19.1
7.2
5.0
6.9
7.3
8.4
10.1
6.7

0

Race
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

6,067
3,224
2,843

2,433
1,244
1,190

1,759
877
882

1,104
771

751
394
357

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,739
913
826

486
222
264

581
295
286

672
396
276

262
148
114

411
248
162

21.4
24.2
18.2

11.3
8.5

1,431
601
2,377

470
188
905

336
134
790

625
279
683

222
90
259

403
189
423

23.7
27.0
17.3

11.2
12.4
7.8

1,376
786

577
277
686

407
226
592

392
283
432

152
146
212

239
137
220

15.4
17.1
14.1

6.9
8.1
7.0

1,875

9.7

Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

1,710

1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current

40



Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.

Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
July 1994
Weeks

Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
Total

Less
than
5 weeks

15 weeks and over
5 to 14
weeks

15 to 26

Total

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

965
1,902
1,587
739
1,817
347

288
713
675
281
689
129

307
544
483
188
480
103

370
644
430
270
648
115

143
294
170
115
223
43

227
350
260
156
425
72

21.3
17.5
15.6
19.7
20.4
16.7

10.1
8.8
6.6
9.0
8.5
6.2

232
597
1,179
671
508
420
1,968
283
2,221
147

92
234
409
227
182
151
814
61
858
39

68
191
303
151
151
63
566
99
713
32

72
172
467
293
174
206
588
124
651
76

32
77
199
120
80
59
257
53
274
11

40
95
268
173
95
147
331
71
376
64

15.4
15.7
21.5
23.5
18.9
29.8
16.3
22.0
15.8
30.5

5.5
7.9
10.0
11.1
9.1
13.3
7.5
10.9
7.7
17.1

876

320

371

184

79

105

14.1

6.9

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and
earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current

Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
July 1994
Category

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job1
Did not search for work in previous year...
Searched for work in previous year2
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects 3 .
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4
1

Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
2




Sex

Age
Total

16 to 24
years

25 to 54
years

55 years
and over

Men

Women

64,076
58,050
6,026
3,482
2,544
699
1,844

8,447
6,437
2,010
1,075
935
238
697

19,212
16,216
2,996
1,650
1,346
410
936

36,417
35,397
1,020
758
262
52
210

22,319
20,125
2,194
1,110
1,084
228
856

41,757
37,925
3,832
2,372
1,460
471
988

542
1,302
246
174
140
743

187
511
51
132
15
313

294
643
170
42
86
344

61
149
24
39
85

324
532
48
97
51
337

218
771
198
77
89
406

discrimination.
4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child care and and transportation problems, as well as a
small number for which reason for non participation was not ascertained.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)
July 1994
Men

Both sexes

Characteristic

1

Number

Rate

Women
1

Number

Rate1

Rate

Number

AGE
2

5.8
6.9
5.7
7.1
5.5
5.7
4.0
4.5
2.5

3,853
249
3,604
419
3,186
2,812
373
313
60

5.7
6.2
5.7
5.9
5.6
5.8
4.6
5.1
2.9

3,319
283
3,036
527
2,508
2,291
188
29

5.8
7.7
5.7
8.5
5.3
5.7
3.3
3.8
1.9

6,307
644
291

5.9
4.9
2.7

3,389
338
180

5.8
5.3
2.7

2,918
306
111

6.1
4.6
2.6

3,923
1,063
2,186

5.4
5.7
6.5

2,422
374
1,057

5.9
4.9
5.6

1,501
689
1,129

4.9
6.2
7.6

-

2,419
497
204
720

7,172
532
6,640
946

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,694
5,103
590
501

25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

217

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
4,023
1,529
284
1,302

Primary job full time, secondary job part time
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their
primary job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.

1,604
1,032
80
582

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Veteran status
and age
July
1993

July
1994

Employed

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

July
1993

July
1994

38
8

4.8
4.7
5.0
5.0
3.5
5.5

4.1
4.3
5.8
4.2
2.8
1.6

580
247
169
164

4.8
4.7
4.5
5.3

4.0
3.5
3.9
4.9

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,194
6,360
2,257
2,943
1,160
834

7,403
6,506
1,854
3,183
1,468

6,385
5,928
2,116
2,748
1,064
456

6,508
6,016
1,711
2,960
1,346
492

6,081
5,650
2,012
2,612
1,027
431

6,240
5,756
1,612
2,837
1,308
484

304
279

15,480
6,789
4,596
4,095

16,230
7,503
4,772
3,955

14,057
6,321
4,146
3,590

14,606
6,985
4,272
3,348

13,382
6,024
3,959
3,398

14,027
6,738
4,104
3,184

676
297
187
192

105

137
37
25

268
260
99
123

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years

45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Data for 1994
are not directly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years. For

42



additional information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey
Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of Employment
&nd Earnings.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry, 1943 to date
(In thousands)
Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services

Government

Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949

42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

22,320
22,536
22,869
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,828
1,851
1,955
2,298
2,478
2,612
2,610

5,154
5,208
5,359
6,077
6,477
6,659
6,654

1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,239

2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,869
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

()
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

()
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,230
4,366

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,210
107,895

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,824
90,117

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821

4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

72,544
74,811
77,284
80,086
82,642

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,514
5,625

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475

5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

1990
1991
1992
1993

109,419
108,256
108,604
110,525

91,115
89,854
89,959
91,708

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,256

709

5,120
4,650
4,492
4,642

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,003

84,514
84,511
85,373
87,269

5,793
5,762
5,721
5,787

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,958

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,717

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,712

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,278

3,085
2,966
2,915

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,484

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,417

635
611

0

()
()

O
1

0)
1

()
0)
1

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1993:
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1994:
January
February
March
April
May"
June"
1

110,372
110,628
110,714
110,923
111,112
111,366
111,610

91,568
91,802
91,892
92,036
92,239
92,479
92,692

23,225
23,232
23,207
23,206
23,245
23,281
23.298

608
606
602
605
605
604
618

4,632
4,653
4,659
4,667
4,700
4,733
4,738

17,985
17,973
17,946
17,934
17,940
17,944
17,942

87,147
87,396
87,507
87,717
87,867
88,085
88,312

5,789
5,800
5,786
5,783
5,798
5,800
5,792

5,949
5,962
5,954
5,962
5,965
5,971
5,976

19,695
19,735
19,770
19,805
19,822
19,848
19,931

6,704
6,718
6,724
6,735
6,748
6,763
6,769

30,206
30,355
30,451
30,545
30,661
30,816
30,926

2,908
2,903
2,906
2,902
2,901
2,900
2,915

4,476
4,488
4,487
4,518
4,504
4,505
4,511

11,420
11,435
11,429
11,467
11,468
11,482
11,492

111,711
111,919
112,298
112,699
112,951
113,307

92,810
93,003
93,357
93,718
93,937
94,290

23,328
23,327
23,395
23,506
23,519
23,564

616
612
609
606
603
605

4,744
4,745
4,806
4,893
4,907
4,923

17,968
17,970
17,980
18,007
18,009
18,036

88,383
88,592
88,903
89,193
89,432
89,743

5,793
5,803
5,816
5,759
5,843
5,846

5,990
6,003
6,013
6,028
6,037
6,046

19,924
19,965
20,026
20,137
20,153
20,271

6,771
6,776
6,781
6,791
6,787
6,800

31,004
31,129
31,326
31,497
31,598
31,763

2,893
2,892
2,884
2,882
2,870
2,857

4,492
4,511
4,520
4,534
4,533
4,536

11,516
11,513
11,537
11,565
11,611
11,624

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
p
= preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1993
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1993) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1990) are subject to revision.

43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

WeekJy
hours

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

1990
1991
1992
1993

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64

Construction
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.4

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.37

526.01
533.40
537.70
551.81

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

IMonthly data , not seasonally adjusted
1993:
July
Auaust
September .
October
November
December
1994:
January
..
February
March
April
May
June"
July"

. .

...

34.8
35.1
34.5
34.6
34.5
34.7

$10.75
10.78
10.91
10.94
10.96
10.97

$374.10
378.38
376.40
378.52
378.12
380.66

44.1
44.9
44.5
45.5
44.7
44.6

$14.49
14.44
14.54
14.47
14.43
14.67

$639.01
648.36
647.03
658.39
645.02
654.28

39.5
39.6
38.3
39.3
38.6
38.3

$14.37
14.45
14.52
14.55
14.47
14.46

$567.62
572.22
556.12
571.82
558.54
553.82

34.3
34.0
34.4
34.5
34.8
34.8
34.9

11.06
11.06
11.04
11.07
11.09
11.03
11.04

379.36
376.04
379.78
381.92
385.93
383.84
385.30

44.1
43.7
44.0
44.5
44.4
44.9
44.3

15.06
14.92
14.84
14.96
14.83
14.71
14.72

664.15
652.00
652.96
665.72
658.45
660.48
652.10

37.0
36.1
38.1
38.3
39.7
39.6
39.8

14.41
14.45
14.44
14.49
14.59
14.57
14.76

533.17
521.65
550.16
554.97
579.22
576.97
587.45

See footnotes at end of table.

44



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.26
12.60

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
475.69
490.14

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

12.97
13.22
13.45
13.63

504.53
511.61
523.21
539.75

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.73

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.09

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964...
1965...
1966...
1967...
1968...
1969...

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

1970...
1971 ...
1972...
1973...
1974...
1975...
1976...
1977...
1978...
1979...

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

1980...
1981 ...
1982...
1983...
1984...
1985...
1986...
1987...
1988...
1989...

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
111
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.8
38.9

1990...
1991 ....
1992...
1993...

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04

38.9
38.7
38.9
39.6

Weekly
hours

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1993:
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
1994:
January
February ...
March
April
May
Junep
July"

41.0
41.5
41.5
41.8
42.0
42.4

$11.72
11.70
11.85
11.80
11.87
12.00

$11.18
11.13
11.24
11.19
11.26
11.36

$480.52
485.55
491.78
493.24
498.54
508.80

40.0
40.3
39.8
39.9
39.7
39.8

$13.63
13.62
13.67
13.66
13.69
13.74

$545.20
548.89
544.07
545.03
543.49
546.85

38.3
38.4
38.1
38.3
38.2
38.3

$11.73
11.75
11.80
11.81
11.80
11.85

$449.26
451.20
449.58
452.32
450.76
453.86

41.5
40.9
41.9
42.0
42.0
42.2
41.5

11.96
12.00
11.99
12.01
12.01
12.02
12.03

11.38
11.42
11.38
11.39
11.39
11.39
11.41

496.34
490.80
502.38
504.42
504.42
507.24
499.25

39.6
39.4
39.5
39.9
40.0
40.2
40.3

13.83
13.85
13.80
13.78
13.76
13.73
13.83

547.67
545.69
545.10
549.82
550.40
551.95
557.35

38.2
37.9
38.1
38.3
38.6
38.5
38.4

11.95
11.93
11.87
11.99
11.98
11.94
11.99

456.49
452.15
452.25
459.22
462.43
459.69
460.42

See footnotes at end of table.




45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.79

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.68

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964...
1965...
1966...,
1967...,
1968...,
1969...

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970...,
1971 ...
1972...,
1973...
1974...,
1975...,
1976...,
1977....
1978...,
1979....

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47

102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980....
1981 ...,
1982...,
1983....
1984....
1985....
1986....
1987....
1988....
1989....

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

1990....
1991 ...,
1992....
1993...,

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

87.62
91.85

96.32

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1993:
July
August
September
October
November.
December.
1994:
January

February ...
March
April
May
June"

29.6
29.7
28.8
28.8
28.6
29.3

$7.24
7.24
7.32
7.36
7.36
7.36

$214.30
215.03
210.82
211.97
210.50
215.65

35.6
36.4
35.6
35.7
35.7
35.7

$11.27
11.39
11.41
11.52
11.57
11.65

$401.21
414.60
406.20
411.26
413.05
415.91

32.8
33.1
32.3
32.4
32.4
32.4

$10.62
10.66
10.83
10.87
10.93
10.98

$348.34
352.85
349.81
352.19
354.13
355.75

28.2
28.1
28.5
28.7
28.9
29.2
29.7

7.45
7.45
7.45
7.47
7.47
7.45
7.46

210.09
209.35
212.33
214.39
215.88
217.54
221.56

36.4
35.8
35.6
35.7
36.1
35.5
35.7

11.79
11.77
11.75
11.81
11.84
11.68
11.71

429.16
421.37
418.30
421.62
427.42
414.64
418.05

32.5
32.2
32.3
32.4
32.7
32.5
32.8

11.06
11.05
11.02
11.01
11.03
10.92
10.91

359.45
355.81
355.95
356.72
360.68
354.90
357.85

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.

46



p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1993 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1993 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1993

1994

Industry
July

Total

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Junep

July"

110,628 110,714 110,923 111,112 111,366 111,610 111,711 111,919 112,298 112,699 112,951 113,307 113,566

Total private

91,802 91,892 92,036 92,239 92,479 92,692 92,810 93,003 93,357 93,718 93,937 94,290 94,551

Goods-producing

23,232 23,207 23,206 23,245 23,281 23,298 23,328 23,327 23,395 23,506 23,519 23,564 23,592

Mining1
Metal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing

606
50
353
100

602
47
357
100

605
50
357
100

605
50
356
101

604
50
355
101

618
51
351
101

616
50
349
102

612
50
346
101

609
50
344
100

606
50
342
100

603
50
338
101

605
50
339
101

602
51
336
101

4,653
1,110
713
2,830

4,659
1,106
711
2,842

4,667
1,107
711
2,849

4,700
1,120
709
2,871

4,733
1,133
712
2,888

4,738
1,138
710
2,890

4,744
1,139
713
2,892

4,745
1,134
709
2,902

4,806
1,152
710
2,944

4,893
1,163
725
3,005

4,907
1,161
723
3,023

4,923
1,163
725
3,035

4,948
1,165
734
3,049

17,973 17,946 17,934 17,940 17,944 17,942 17,968 17,970 17,980 18,007 18,009 18,036 18,042

10,135 10,121 10,123 10,135 10,142 10,153 10,182 10,182 10,190 10,216 10,217 10,249 10,244
Durable goods
701
723
723
726
731
699
705
709
712
716
723
726
730
Lumber and wood products
484
492
492
495
502
486
484
485
487
489
493
493
496
Furniture and fixtures
515
521
521
528
530
515
516
517
517
518
523
529
529
Stone, clay, and glass products
675
679
680
679
681
676
675
675
678
678
680
678
680
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel
237
236
237
237
238
237
238
236
235
230
230
230
231
products
1,328
1,327 1,328 1,332 1,335 1,338 1,345 1,345 1,348 1,353 1,357 1,365 1,365
Fabricated metal products
1,912 1,913 1,914 1,916 1,918 1,922 1,925 1,927 1,938 1,940 1,947 1,942
1,916
Industrial machinery and equipment...
Electronic and other electrical
1,516 1,515 1,516 1,518 1,521 1,524 1,524 1,528 1,535 1,542 1,540 1,550 1,547
equipment
1,734 1,732 1,730 1,731 1,725 1,724 1,730 1,726 1,723 1,719 1,718 1,724 1,712
Transportation equipment
824
829
853
868
868
875
832
840
843
874
867
870
876
Motor vehicles and equipment
537
530
507
496
484
474
528
522
515
491
486
480
502
Aircraft and parts
889
886
873
868
858
856
882
880
877
864
861
853
871
Instruments and related products
376
374
375
374
376
378
374
374
374
374
377
375
Miscellaneous manufacturing
375
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
.....
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products....
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....

7,838
1,674
43
675
985
690
1,514
1,081
151
907
118

7,825
1,678
42
672
980
688
1,516
1,077
150
905
117

7,811
1,671
42
672
977
687
1,515
1,076
150
905
116

7,805
1,678
42
672
970
686
1,514
1,073
150
903
117

7,802
1,675
42
671
966
685
1,515
1,071
151
909
117

7,789
1,671
42
671
959
685
1,514
1,070
149
911
117

7,786
1,667
41
672
956
686
1,517
1,065
148
917
117

7,788
1,672
40
673
954
685
1,518
1,062
148
920
116

7,790
1,670
41
674
956
684
1,521
1,059
147
922
116

7,791
1,667
41
673
955
684
1,523
1,057
148
927
116

7,792
1,665
40
671
958
684
1,524
1,056
148
931
115

7,787
1,664
39
672
956
683
1,526
1,054
147
932
114

7,798
1,671
38
673
951
683
1,531
1,054
147
937
113

87,396 87,507 87,717 87,867 88,085 88,312 88,383 88,592 88,903 89,193 89,432 89,743 89,974
5,800
3,600
252

5,786
3,589
246

5,783
3,590
249

5,798
3,606
246

5,800
3,613
247

5,792
3,611
248

5,793
3,611
247

5,803
3,622
248

5,816
3,638
248

5,759
3,582
246

5,843
3,664
243

5,846
3,674
246

5,860
3,689
247

382
1,690
167
735
18
356
2,200
1,256
944

379
1,693
164
733
18
356
2,197
1,255
942

371
1,695
165
736
18
356
2,193
1,252
941

373
1,712
166
734
18
357
2,192
1,252
940

374
1,715
166
735
18
358
2,187
1,250
937

376
1,704
165
741
18
359
2,181
1,246
935

377
1,705
165
739
18
360
2,182
1,249
933

380
1,711
166
739
18
360
2,181
1,249
932

382
1,721
168
739
18
362
2,178
1,248
930

386
1,665
166
738
18
363
2,177
1,250
927

383
1,753
169
733
18
365
2,179
1,254
925

388
1,761
166
730
18
365
2,172
1,253
919

392
1,767
169
728
18
368
2,171
1,250
921

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1994

1993
Industry
July
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
,
Apparel and accessory stores
,
Furniture and home furnishings stores..
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Nondepository institutions
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
,
Real estate

5,962
3,412
2,550

Aug.
5,954
3,406
2,548

Sept.
5,962
3,411
2,551

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

5,965
3,410
2,555

5,971
3,413
2,558

5,976
3,419
2,557

5,990
3,424
2,566

6,003
3,430
2,573

6,013
3,434
2,579

6,028
3,445
2,583

6,037
3,449
2,588

Junep
6,046
3,454
2,592

July"
6,051
3,456
2,595

19,735 19,770 19,805 19,822 19,848 19,931 19,924 19,965 20,026 20,137 20,153 20,271 20,346
790
803
818
833
839
782
786
794
798
808
812
829
842
2,446
2,421
2,432
2,444 2,452
2,457
2,452
2,455 2,454 2,451
2,433
2,442 2,438
3,216
3,220 3,210 3,214
3,215
3,213
3,218
3,223 3,232 3,229 3,240 3,230 3,241

2,467

2,074
1,154
852
6,917
2,471

2,084
1,146
855
6,928
2,467

2,101
1,148
862
6,915
2,471

2,117
1,154
866
6,928
2,479

2,132
1,146
876
6,995
2,488

2,139
1,144
879
6,993
2,487

2,145
1,145
887
7,076
2,505

2,149
1,145
899
7,107
2,511

6,748
3,240
2,072
463
479
226
2,187
1,525

6,763
3,245
2,068
467
483
227
2,192
1,530

6,769
3,250
2,064
472
486
228
2,190
1,527

6,771
3,252
2,057
All
489
229
2,187
1,525

6,776
3,254
2,050
483
492
229
2,186
1,525

6,781
3,256
2,044
486
496
230
2,185
1,524

6,791
3,259
2,042
487
499
231
2,189
1,527

6,787
3,257
2,039
486
501
231
2,185
1,522

6,800
3,262
2,037
486
505
234
2,186
1,523

6,801
3,260
2,039
482
505
234
2,184
1,519

662
1,321

662
1,326

663
1,329

662
1,332

661
1,336

661
1,340

662
1,343

663
1,345

663
1,352

665
1,357

2,020
1,149
829
6,825
2,460

2,029
1,152
832
6,843
2,458

2,039
1,153
839
6,854
2,459

2,048
1,148
844
6,850
2*464

2,060
1,144
849

6,718
3,222
2,082
449
468
223
2,183
1,521

6,724
3,225
2,076
452
472
225
2,185
1,521

6,735
3,230
2,072
457
475
226
2,187
1,524

662
1,313

664
1,314

663
1,318

Services1
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Personnel supply services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Hospitals
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services

30,355 30,451 30,545 30,661 30,816 30,926 31,004 31,129 31,326 31,497 31,598 31,763 31,901
512
516
526
533
538
539
530
528
537
548
552
555
522
1,599
1,608
1,625
1,623
1,594
1,590
1,596
1,602
1,599
1,602
1,599
1,608
1,609
1,134
1,137
1,140
1,149
1,138
1,137
1,129
1,131
1,138
1,136
1,131
1,143
1,129
6,244 6,318
6,418
6,491
5,799 5,838 5,877 5,950 6,016 6,062 6,092 6,161
6,341
1,937
1,961
1,984 2,033 2,066 2,103
2,130 2,173 2,230
2,282
2,385
2,286 2,338
947
1,017
1,040
955
962
965
975
986
992
1,002
1,026
1,029
1,046
364
370
375
377
380
362
363
366
368
373
375
379
380
479
413
423
425
432
435
443
450
465
472
488
416
421
1,254
1,249
1,254
1,251
1,271
1,275
1,282
1,290
1,282
1,258
1,255
1,250
1,252
8,782 8,802 8,830 8,852 8,873 8,890 8,909 8,922 8,959 8,985 8,998 9,022 9,040
3,794 3,794 3,788 3,788
3,790 3,790 3,791
3,790 3,789 3,787 3,788 3,787 3,791
934
941
929
930
934
934
935
937
939
940
942
939
942
1,690
1,697
1,696
1,707
1,708
1,710
1,730
1,738
1,693
1,720
1,733
1,744
1,739
2,109 2,124 2,117
2,121
2,139 2,154 2,162
2,190
2,205 2,224 2,241
2,259
2,175

Government
Federal
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

18,826 18,822 18,887 18,873 18,887 18,918 18,901 18,916 18,941 18,981 19,014 19,017 19,015
2,857
2,903
2,906 2,902 2,901
2,900
2,915
2,893
2,884
2,882 2,870
2,856
2,892
4,536 4,541
4,488
4,487 4,518 4,504 4,505 4,511
4,492 4,511 4,520
4,534 4,533
1,847
1,831
1,831
1,856
1,840
1,841
1,841
1,824
1,846
1,850
1,849
1,848
1,838
2,689
2,657
2,656 2,662
2,664 2,664 2,670
2,668
2,674
2,684
2,684
2,693
2,673
11,435 11,429 11,467 11,468 11,482 11,492 11,516 11,513 11,537 11,565 11,611 11,624 11,618
6,367 6,374 6,383 6,378 6,382 6,390 6,404 6,392 6,410
6,436 6,445 6,460 6,486
5,068 5,055 5,084 5,090 5,100
5,102
5,121
5,129
5,132
5,112
5,127
5,166 5,164

1

76
2,035
2,540

76
2,036
2,543

77
2,035
2,553

77
2,036
2,556

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

p

48



77
2,040
2,567

77
2,040
2,567

77
2,042
2,560

78
2,041
2,575

78
2,044
2,580

79
2,047
2,590

79
2,051
2,597

79
2,054
2,603

80
2,059
2,611

March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1993

1994

Industry
May

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

43,172 43,224 43,318 43,363 43,442 43,525 43,616 43,713 43,730 43,828 43,959 44,160 44,280

Total private

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

July

53,388 53,402 53,522 53,572 53,665 53,747 53,843 53,969 53,981 54,097 54,246 54,477 54,653

Total

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

June

...

6,536

6,518

6,510

6,496

6,485

6,485

6,482

6,480

6,475

6,482

6,490

6,506

6,515

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

89

87

86

87

86

86

517

518

519

520

521

523

524

525

526

528

532

539

539

5,931

5,912

5,903

5,888

5,876

5,874

5,870

5,866

5,862

5,868

5,871

5,881

5,890

2,705
113
147
103
92
293
420
642
356
368
171

2,697
113
147
103
91
293
417
641
354
366
172

2,688
113
147
103
91
292
415
640
352
364
171

2,682
114
147
103
91
292
413
639
351
362
170

2,680
114
147
103
91
292
414
640
349
360
170

2,681
115
147
103
92
293
413
641
348
359
170

2,681
116
148
102
92
294
413
642
347
358
169

2,683
117
149
102
92
294
413
643
348
356
169

2,685
117
149
103
93
296
413
642
348
355
169

2,688
118
150
103
93
296
414
644
349
354
167

2,691
117
150
103
94
297
416
645
349
353
167

2,700
119
150
104
93
298
418
649
348
352
169

2,705
119
151
103
95
299
420
649
348
352
169

3,226
542

3,215
540
15
322
766
168
670
338
24
307
65

3,215
540
14
322
763
168
671
339
24
309
65

3,206
542
13
320
757
168
673
337
24
307
65

3,196
536
14
320
754
167
672
337
24
307
65

3,193
542
14
320
747
166
672
337
24
306
65

3,189
542
14
318
743
167
672
336
24
308
65

3,183
540
14
318
737
167
673
337
24
308
65

3,177
538
13
319
733
167
673
335
24
310
65

3,180
541
13
319
732
166
674
334
24
312
65

3,180
543
13
319
732
165
676
332
24
312
64

3,181
541
13
318
732
165
677
332
24
315
64

3,185
541
13
317
733
164
678
334
25
316
64

14
323
771
169
671
339
24
308
65

46,802 46,884 47,012 47,076 47,180 47,262 47,361 47,489 47,506 47,615 47,756 47,971 48,138

Transportation and public utilities

1,696

1,697

1,698

1,697

1,696

1,701

1,705

1,701

1,697

1,698

1,700

1,699

1,709

Wholesale trade

1,821

1,815

1,817

1,812

1,818

1,822

1,824

1,825

1,831

1,834

1,839

1,846

1,850

Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate

10,417 10,425 10,443 10,453 10,473 10,476 10,484 10,512 10,513 10,533 10,554 10,601 10,635
4,240

4,246

4,255

4,259

4,264

4,268

4,278

4,285

4,281

4,284

4,288

4,293

4,291

Services

18,462 18,523 18,595 18,646 18,706 18,773 18,843 18,910 18,933 18,997 19,088 19,215 19,280

Government
Federal
State
Local

10,166 10,178 10,204 10,209 10,223 10,222 10,227 10,256 10,251 10,269 10,287 10,317 10,373
1,212 1,208 1,205 1,207 1,206 1,205 1,204 1,210 1,203 1,205 1,203 1,203 1,198
2,238 2,235 2,246 2,248 2,257 2,255 2,255 2,259 2,246 2,259 2,267 2,273 2,277
6,716 6,735 6,753 6,754 6,760 6,762 6,768 6,787 6,802 6,805 6,817 6,841 6,898

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,




all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward are subject to revision.

49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted

(In thousands)
1994

1993
Industry
July

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
^ ^ o n & t r u o t i o f i •••«•••••••••••••••••••••»••••••>•••••••••••«•••••••••••••••••

Manufacturing

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June"

July"

74,710 74,801 74,941 75,119 75,323 75,496 75,588 75,783 76,129 76,487 76,690 77,013 77,162
16,273 16,258 16,275 16,311

16,356 16,385 16,408 16,430 16,507

16,615 16,615 16,668 16,691

430

428

430

429

426

438

433

432

430

428

427

430

430

3,582

3,583

3,590

3,621

3,645

3,655

3,655

3,657

3,719

3,796

3,796

3,814

3,830

12,261 12,247 12,255 12,261

12,285 12,292 12,320 12,341 12,358 12,391

12,392 12,424 12,431

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

6,784
574
383
397
514
181
979
1,162
968
1,104
631
434
269

6,776
577
382
397
514
181
980
1,158
965
1,103
635
433
267

6,792
580
384
398
515
181
982
1,162
969
1,103
637
431
268

6,806
584
384
399
516
181
984
1,165
972
1,104
642
430
268

6,822
588
386
399
518
181
989
1,169
974
1,104
645
428
267

6,843
591
388
400
518
181
993
1,174
979
1,106
653
426
268

6,869
597
389
402
519
181
998
1,179
976
1,117
670
425
267

6,881
597
389
402
521
180
1,000
1,185
980
1,116
669
425
266

6,892
597
391
404
521
179
1,004
1,187
982
1,115
667
424
267

6,924
600
390
409
520
175
1,009
1,197
991
1,117
672
423
268

6,930
601
392
408
521
175
1,012
1,200
990
1,118
669
421
267

6,964
603
393
410
521
173
1,019
1,208
998
1,126
678
419
267

603
397
410
522
173
1,019
1,210
993
1,120
680
421
270

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,477
1,222
32
574
825
521
837
572
98
702
94

5,471
1,227
31
571
821
519
838
571
98
701
94

5,463
1,223
31
572
818
518
837
573
98
700
93

5,455
1,227
31
571
813
517
835
574
97
697
93

5,463
1,227
32
571
810
517
835
577
98
703
93

5,449
1,224
31
570
803
517
833
577
96
705
93

5,451
1,221
31
572
800
518
835
575
96
710
93

5,460
1,226
30
573
799
518
836
575
95
715
93

5,466
1,229
31
574
801
517
837
573
95
717
92

5,467
1,224
31
572
801
518
838
574
96
720
93

5,462
1,222
31
571
801
518
835
573
96
724
91

5,460
1,218
30
571
800
518
839
573
95
725
91

5,466
1,223
29
571
795
518
840
573
96
731
90

Service-producing

58,437 58,543 58,666 58,808 58,967 59,111 59,180 59,353 59,622 59,872 60,075 60,345 60,471

Transportation and public utilities

4,851

4,841

4,837

4,857

4,856

4,841

4,845

4,855

4,870

4,816

4,897

4,893

4,898

Wholesale trade

4,806

4,801

4,809

4,813

4,817

4,824

4,832

4,842

4,853

4,864

4,867

4,880

4,878

17,385 17,418 17,442 17,450 17,460 17,512 17,527 17,565 17,632 17,714 17,737 17,835 17,888
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services

4,880

4,886

4,899




4,927

4,932

4,932

4,936

4,943

4,949

4,945

4,957

4,957

26,515 26,597 26,679 26,778 26,907 27,002 27,044 27,155 27,324 27,529 27,629 27,780 27,850

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

50

4,910

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Apr.

Feb.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

58.8
39.6
42.1
57.9
56.6

57.3
39.6
46.1
61.7
58.3

50.8
38.5
48.3
49.0
62.9

47.9
38.2
57.7
56.0
62.5

49.7
48.5
53.1
57.0
56.3

51.8
45.4
50.4
51.1
"62.2

43.8
48.3
52.8
58.8
P58.6

46.2
52.0
46.5
50.0

42.7
48.9
53.4
56.7

41.6
46.8
56.9
57.4

41.3
46.5
52.5
61.0

41.3
46.1
57.3
57.4

Over 3-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

59.0
34.3
39.7
64.0
62.1

59.1
32.0
42.3
61.4
64.5

52.5
31.6
51.0
59.7
65.2

48.9
38.2
56.2
55.8
65.0

49.0
39.3
57.6
54.9
P65.4

47.3
44.2
54.1
57.7
P64.0

45.9
49.4
50.4
54.6

40.6
50.7
49.9
55.9

38.3
50.8
51.7
55.8

36.2
44.9
56.2
62.4

35.7
43.7
58.6
61.5

35.4
40.9
59.8
60.8

Over 6-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

57.2
30.2
43.5
61.4
67.0

54.9
32.4
46.3
60.8
65.9

55.8
31.2
47.2
59.0
P68.5

50.4
33.7
52.0
59.8
P66.3

46.8
39.2
54.2
54.4

44.0
44.7
56.6
54.5

41.3
46.5
52.8
57.9

38.9
45.6
53.1
58.8

35.8
47.8
55.8
59.7

33.6
44.5
56.3
60.8

32.0
41.4
64.2
62.8

30.2
39.9
62.2
63.6

55.5
31.0
47.2
60.0
P64.0

52.7
31.0
42.3
61.1

51.7
31.7
42.7
60.7

48.5
31.9
44.1
62.2

45.4
31.7
48.0
63.2

42.6
33.8
52.5
62.1

39.3
35.8
55.8
62.4

36.1
37.5
60.7
60.8

35.8
40.0
59.7
63.5

33.0
45.2
60.4
62.8

33.0
45.6
60.1
63.1

30.6
45.4
60.7
P63.6

Over 12-month span:

1990
1991

1992
1993
1994

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

48.9
32.7
38.1
52.5
54.3

47.5
35.6
40.6
57.6
53.6

43.9
31.3
45.0
47.8
51.1

46.8
37.4
57.9
41.7
56.1

40.3
45.7
47.8
46.0
50.0

46.8
43.5
50.0
40.3
P59.0

38.8
46.4
53.2
49.3
P51.4

42.4
49.3
41.7
42.8

35.6
42.8
49.3
46.8

38.5
47.8
47.8
50.0

29.1
41.4
52.5
55.4

34.2
39.6
51.8
51.1

Over 3-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

44.6
24.5
30.9
60.1
56.1

45.3
21.9
36.3
58.3
57.6

45.0
20.5
45.3
51.4
56.5

38.8
32.7
50.7
40.6
53.2

41.7
36.3
55.4
37.1
P57.9

38.8
39.6
53.6
43.5
P56.8

38.1
47.1
47.1
40.3

28.8
46.0
47.1
41.0

30.9
48.2
42.4
43.2

23.0
39.9
50.0
52.9

23.0
36.7
51.1
54.7

21.6
33.5
55.0
56.1

Over 6-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

43.5
15.8
34.2
54.0
58.3

39.9
20.9
37.1
51.8
56.1

42.8
21.2
41.0
48.6
P60.4

41.0
26.3
48.6
47.1
P55.8

36.3
34.9
52.2
37.1

34.2
39.2
54.7
34.2

29.1
42.1
46.4
39.6

25.2
40.3
49.3
45.7

22.3
40.3
50.4
47.8

21.2
37.1
48.9
50.4

18.0
32.4
57.9
54.3

16.9
32.7
56.8
55.8

37.8
16.5
42.4
50.0
P52.2

35.3
16.2
36.7
52.5

33.5
17.3
36.3
48.6

33.1
18.0
36.0
49.3

28.1
20.9
39.6
50.7

26.3
24.1
45.7
48.9

23.7
26.3
50.0
50.0

20.5
30.6
55.8
48.9

19.4
32.7
57.9
50.0

16.5
38.1
55.4
50.7

16.2
38.8
52.9
51.4

15.8
37.4

Over 12-month span:

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1

Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus
one half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent




52.9
P51.8

indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment. Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1993) and all seasonally
adjusted data (beginning January 1990) are subject to revision.

51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1994

1993
State
June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.
Total

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

JuneP

1

1,714.0
251.5
1,577.4
988.7
12,010.3
1,663.7
1,525.2
347.2
666.9
5,562.3
3,087.4

1,711.8
253.3
1,580.0
993.4
12,012.0
1,676.5
1,528.6
349.1
671.0
5,582.2
3,117.2

1,715.7
253.7
1,582.7
995.0
11,990.4
1,678.2
1,525.4
348.8
667.4
5,597.7
3,126.5

1,718.0
254.1
1,589.0
993.8
11,969.8
1,678.0
1,528.7
350.6
667.4
5,612.1
3,138.8

1,722.3
254.3
1,587.5
995.9
11,953.1
1,680.9
1,528.5
349.6
670.0
5,628.6
3,155.5

1,721.6
254.1
1,591.6
997.7
11,943.7
1,683.6
1,525.1
350.3
668.1
5,644.9
3,163.3

1,722.2
255.4
1,593.7
996.1
11,940.3
1,690.5
1,522.6
350.8
667.0
5,668.3
3,170.9

1,722.7
255.0
1,597.7
1,000.3
11,947.6
1,692.5
1,532.2
350.0
665.8
5,657.8
3,176.8

1,726.4
258.2
1,604.6
1,003.0
11,957.5
1,700.2
1,530.4
349.6
665.0
5,685.3
3,201.2

1,730.2
258.3
1,615.6
1,005.8
11,955.2
1,701.6
1,525.8
350.6
664.2
5,701.5
3,214.0

1,734.7
256.7
1,623.9
1,006.4
11,955.2
1,706.3
1,530.2
354.5
663.5
5,730.5
3,224.1

1,732.5
256.0
1,626.8
1,012.2
11.953.2
1,707.1
1,533.6
356.9
663.4
5,738.9
3,233.4

1,743.9
256.2
1,639.5
1,015.9
11,939.0
1,711.2
1,530.6
358.6
662.4
5,759.0
3,247.3

541.8
434.7
5,303.3
2,581.1
1,279.3
1,136.6
1,536.3
1,637.8
518.9
2,098.2

541.2
438.4
5,325.7
2,581.6
1,277.1
1,140.8
1,535.6
1,643.2
519.1
2,101.4

539.1
439.5
5,329.7
2,584.0
1,282.0
1,135.5
1,535.9
1,645.3
520.3
2,102.5

538.3
440.9
5,335.7
2,589.4
1,285.2
1,145.0
1,538.5
1,644.2
519.8
2.108.5

539.6
445.1
5,354.2
2,599.1
1,287.1
1,146.6
1,540.0
1,644.4
521.9
2.109.1

537.3
447.5
5,359.3
2,609.0
1,291.5
1,146.2
1,542.3
1,645.8
522.2
2,108.6

536.5
448.4
5,374.0
2,612.2
1,293.4
1,149.7
1,539.6
1,647.9
521.6
2,111.0

534.0
451.2
5,352.0
2,613.5
1,293.1
1,150.5
1,529.2
1,642.1
517.7
2,111.4

533.4
453.1
5,372.9
2,616.0
1,293.8
1,150.6
1,539.2
1,651.9
520.9
2,102.8

533.0
456.6
5,375.2
2,634.2
1,297.7
1,153.1
1,547.2
1,663.5
520.8
2,106.3

533.3
458.9
5,376.8
2,635.9
1,303.3
1,147.1
1,550.5
1,673.8
524.0
2,115.6

530.0
460.3
5,397.8
2,634.5
1,307.8
1.156.0
1,552.8
1,680.1
527.7
2,116.6

531.6
461.8
5,395.7
2,632.1
1,314.7
1,165.6
1,558.5
1,682.4
527.2
2,116.9

Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey

2,834.6
3,969.0
2,237.4

2,857.2
3,983.4
2,240.1
1,001.1
2,401.8
328.9
766.7

2.866.2
3.991.7
2.243.5
1,005.0
2,416.3
329.6
768.1
679.1
501.4
3,502.1

2.869.8
3.991.1
2.256.0
1,008.7
2,419.3
330.2
768.4
683.7
504.4
3,510.0

2,870.2
4,007.6
2,266.3
1,010.1
2,422.4
329.7
767.7

504.1
3,492.8

2,860.3
3,977.5
2,239.9
1,009.2
2,408.2
330.1
768.3
674.9
503.1
3,496.7

504.0
3,512.1

2,868.4
4,014.7
2,272.7
1,009.9
2,430.9
331.0
768.9
696.5
504.6
3,516.9

2,891.7
4,028.4
2,283.3
1,013.6
2,421.8
331.2
770.2
697.9
508.8
3,521.3

2,892.4
4,044.0
2,288.7
1,016.4
2,430.9
332.0
766.9
702.9
512.5
3,510.6

2,897.7
4,067.2
2,293.0
1,023.0
2,436.8
332.3
767.0
706.1
514.3
3,519.0

2,917.2
4,076.6
2,298.8
1,025.0
2,456.3
331.4
769.2
709.5
514.0
3,539.5

2,922.2
4,084.1
2,296.3
1,030.4
2,463.8
333.5
772.4
711.1
512.2
3,546.7

2,927.4
4,097.8
2,302.3
1,034.3
2,464.3
333.1
770.5
709.7
513.9
3,555.1

New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina

625.5
7,733.0
3.243.9
284.1
4,905.8
1,243.9
1,309.1
5,107.9
430.0
1,571.3

624.7
7,752.9
3,262.9
285.7
4,902.9
1,248.5
1,313.6
5,112.5
431.5
1,578.4

626.9
7,743.5
3,270.8
286.0
4,907.9
1,246.8
1,313.5
5,108.3
431.8
1,579.2

628.6
7,737.9
3,270.7
287.2
4,912.1
1,241.6
1,319.9
5,115.0
431.8
1,578.8

630.3
7,748.4
3,279.0
286.9
4,920.6
1,240.6
1,323.1
5,119.9
431.6
1,579.3

630.8
7,759.7
3,287.0
287.1
4,917.5
1,241.6
1,327.7
5,126.6
431.6
1,581.6

631.4
7,764.7
3,294.4
287.6
4,923.9
1,241.3
1.329.3
5,138.4
432.0
1,583.8

638.8
7,775.7
3,293.5
287.4
4,929.7
1,249.0
1,331.2
5,109.8
430.7
1,589.8

639.8
7,779.1
3,295.9
288.8
4,940.7
1,247.6
1,332.4
5,114.6
430.6
1,593.1

641.8
7,793.5
3,317.3
291.1
4,942.1
1,247.9
1,336.5
5,134.5
430.5
1,591.7

649.7
7.796.4
3,319.3
291.2
4,940.5
1,256.1
1,338.6
5,149.2
432.3
1,591.8

651.6
7,812.4
3,328.6
291.2
4,950.5
1,259.4
1,343.9
5,171.3
434.4
1,593.7

655.1
7,805.2
3,326.1
290.4
4,951.9
1,261.9
1,347.2
5,189.3
438.8
1,597.0

South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia

313.8
2,323.1
7,453.9
801.7
257.3
2,913.1
2,251.0
648.7
2,401.4
210.0

314.1
2.331.5
7,510.5
806.4
256.3
2,930.8
2.254.6
644.3
2,410.7
209.8

316.4
2,336.8
7,532.8
809.6
256.0
2,932.0
2,254.2
651.9
2,413.6
208.4

316.8
2,342.1
7,550.3
813.3
256.8
2,938.4
2,266.5
655.7
2,416.8
210.9

318.0
2,353.4
7,561.9
818.6
257.9
2,945.1
2,264.2
657.8
2,423.4
211.1

318.5
2,358.0
7,578.1
825.0
257.8
2,952.9
2,268.2
659.5
2,429.4
211.2

318.6
2,365.5
7,594.4
831.7
256.8
2,960.2
2,269.1

323.2
2,362.1
7,569.3
839.9
256.4
2,959.4
2,270.1
663.2
2,429.3
213.3

324.4
2,370.6
7,601.9
842.9
258.4
2,968.1
2,275.1
665.1
2,431.0
213.3

325.5
2,372.1
7,622.9
847.1
258.9
2,988.2
2,277.7
665.6
2,441.8
212.0

326.4
2,377.3
7,660.2
848.7
260.4
2,995.7
2,275.4
667.7
2,443.6
212.0

327.4
2,387.6
7,675.6
850.5
258.8
3,001.8
2.281.1
677.4
2,445.8
211.9

328.7
2,392.4
7,706.9
855.5
259.2
3,003.6
2,292.2
671.6
2,463.4
212.5

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland

Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.

52



,

2,399.3
326.0
761.3
666.2
501.4
3,492.3

2,431.4
212.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)

1993

1994

State
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June?

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia

78.2
11.2
88.2
37.7
446.4
85.5
46.4
18.3
8.3
285.2
126.8

79.6
11.6
89.5
37.5
447.8
84.9
46.3
18.3
8.5
286.9
128.9

79.0
11.7
90.3
37.3
447.8
85.2
45.9
18.3
8.6
288.2
130.6

78.7
11.7
91.2
37.0
446.0
85.2
45.9
18.2
8.5
289.2
132.1

79.3
11.8
92.7
37.3
447.0
85.4
45.7
18.2
8.4
291.1
131.5

78.4
11.7
94.0
37.2
446.9
85.3
46.3
18.3
8.5
292.1
131.7

78.6
11.9
95.4
37.1
447.1
86.7
47.3
18.3
8.6
294.2
133.0

78.9
12.4
98.1
37.8
446.4
87.0
47.9
17.9
8.2
295.1
135.7

78.2
13.1
101.0
38.5
450.3
85.0
49.1
17.4
8.1
295.2
132.8

78.4
13.0
101.9
39.4
451.6
84.3
47.9
17.3
8.4
296.5
136.2

79.4
12.9
103.2
38.8
452.4
83.6
46.9
17.7
8.3
300.1
138.1

79.9
13.0
102.8
39.6
451.9
83.4
46.2
18.3
8.5
300.5
138.0

Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland

32.4
24.7
199.5
119.7
48.5
45.8
70.3
96.8
20.4
119.2

32.2
25.1
198.1
119.1
48.3
48.2
71.0
96.6
20.8
120.3

32.0
25.3
198.1
118.7
48.8
49.0
70.7
96.2
20.5
120.0

31.8
25.7
198.6
118.5
49.2
48.9
71.0
97.4
20.4
119.7

32.0
25.5
200.8
119.7
49.6
49.3
70.9
98.6
21.1
120.4

31.7
25.8
200.0
120.4
51.1
49.2
70.9
98.5
21.4
121.0

31.0
25.7
201.7
119.7
50.5
48.9
70.5
98.1
21.7
121.6

30.7
27.3
196.2
116.8
49.4
48.5
66.3
96.9
21.5
118.9

30.3
27.2
197.1
118.2
49.3
47.0
67.2
98.7
21.6
117.8

29.7
28.0
201.1
122.3
50.4
47.9
69.1
101.4
21.5
117.3

30.0
27.7
199.1
121.6
50.7
48.5
70.2
102.6
21.5
118.0

29.3
28.5
202.3
123.6
51.2
49.4
70.9
103.9
22.1
118.0

28.8
28.8
202.8

Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey

77.6
131.3
77.8
38.9
95.7
13.7
31.5
46.3
16.8
113.0

82.4
135.9
79.0
38.9
95.4
14.2
32.4
47.5
16.9
113.3

83.2
134.3
78.5
39.9
95.8
14.1
32.4
47.7
16.8
113.7

83.9
134.6
78.7
41.0
96.8
14.2
32.1
47.8
17.0
114.0

84.8
134.2
80.5
42.1
97.9
14.3
32.5
47.6
17.0
116.0

84.6
134.6
81.3
41.6
98.4
14.2
32.5
47.2
17.2
116.4

85.2
133.9
81.8
41.7
99.7
14.2
32.6
47.1
17.6
118.2

86.0
132.7
82.2
41.1
99.4
14.6
32.5
48.1
18.1
116.4

85.2
134.2
82.4
39.8
100.9
14.4
31.0
48.0
18.3
114.5

84.3
138.2
82.6
40.7
101.0
14.1
31.8
48.8
18.3
116.3

88.5
137.0
82.1
41.5
102.9
14.0
32.3
48.7
18.0
120.6

89.0
136.8
81.9
42.5
104.8
14.3
33.2
48.4
17.6
121.8

88.7
139.2
81.2
42.1

New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina

35.4
239.5

36.1
239.0
155.0
11.6
184.4
42.3
54.9
197.1
12.4
83.2

36.4
238.7
155.9
11.6
184.4
42.2
55.6
197.0
12.2
82.5

36.8
239.4
156.0
11.7
184.8
42.1
56.1
197.7
12.2
82.3

37.3
240.6
156.2
12.0
184.7
42.2
55.8
198.6
12.0
81.9

37.6
240.0
156.5
12.0
185.1
42.4
57.1
198.8
11.8
82.0

38.2
240.3
157.4
12.2
185.5
42.3
56.1
200.3
11.2
81.8

38.4
244.0
159.0
12.4
183.1
43.6
57.9
194.7
10.7
81.9

37.8
242.4
158.1
12.5
184.1
42.5
56.6
194.8
10.4
81.4

38.3
244.1
160.6
13.3
182.9
41.9
57.9
194.7
10.3
81.9

39.0
245.8
161.5
13.5
182.8
43.1
57.6
200.9
10.6
83.0

39.6
244.9
163.0
12.9
183.5
43.8
59.2
202.1
11.6
82.5

40.7
244.9
162.0

13.2
95.0
353.3
38.8
12.0
153.2
118.4
31.9
94.0
12.4

13.0
94.9
352.5
39.3
11.8
154.0
119.0
32.7
94.6
12.3

12.9
95.9
352.4
39.9
11.8
154.7
120.1
32.9
95.5
12.3

13.2
97.3
354.7
40.6
11.4
155.4
120.9
33.7
95.5
12.4

13.1
97.6
355.3
41.9
11.3
155.8
121.3
34.3
95.9
12.5

13.2
98.2
356.5
43.1
11.1
156.5
120.9
33.9
95.2
12.6

13.1
97.1
358.5
43.6
10.9
156.6
122.0
31.8
92.4
12.6

13.3
96.1
361.1
44.5
11.0
156.0
121.8
32.2
91.0
12.5

13.8
95.9
364.8
45.3
10.8
158.2
123.0
32.9
93.9
12.7

13.9
95.7
366.0
46.1
10.8
159.1
121.9
33.8
96.8
12.8

14.0
96.8
365.9
46.8
11.0
159.5
123.9
34.2
98.4
13.1

13.7
96.8
369.5
46.8
11.1
159.5

South Dakota
Tennessee

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
w i s c ^ j o s i n •#•»»•«•«••«•»••#•«#••«»••«••••#•««#

Wyoming

153.1
11.7
184.8
42.6

52.9
194.2
12.5
81.8
13.3

94.7
350.4
38.5
11.4

151.6
116.7

31.2
91.7
12.3

80.5
12.4

102.6
40.1
451.4
84.7
45.9

19.1
8.7

299.1
138.5

122.6
50.3
50.5
69.9
105.7
21.5
119.3

106.1
14.5
33.2
48.4

17.0
122.3

13.0
183.4
44.4
60.5
203.3

12.4
81.7

125.4
34.4
100.5
13.1

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1993

1994

State
June

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

381.8
16.5
174.7
245.6
1,766.1
188.8
287.9
64.2
14.0
482.7
558.8

380.7
15.4
176.2
247.3
1,766.2
188.7
287.2
64.4
14.1
480.7
559.7

381.6
18.4
176.4
247.0
1,761.1
188.9
285.1
63.6
14.2
480.6
565.6

382.9
17.5
176.4
246.9
1,761.1
188.8
285.9
63.7
14.1
481.4
565.7

383.1
16.0
177.9
248.3
1,760.8
190.3
284.7
63.7
14.2
482.8
566.4

384.0
14.5
178.3
249.0
1,754.8
191.0
286.2
63.4
14.1
482.8
567.3

18.8
70.6
937.1
640.6
238.0
181.2
293.3
186.5
91.8
177.9

18.7
70.8
940.2
642.0
238.4
181.2
292.8
186.7
91.8
177.7

17.8
71.1
942.1
644.1
240.4
181.9
293.3
186.3
91.2
177.8

18.0
71.4
941.3
647.8
241.1
182.0
293.2
186.4
92.4
177.5

18.1
72.7
941.5
647.2
242.1
182.2
294.1
187.2
92.7
177.0

17.9
72.8
940.0
649.7
242.4
182.1
295.2
187.8
92.5
177.3

17.8
72.2
939.0
650.0
243.5
182.6
296.1
186.7
92.8
177.2

17.7
72.6
938.6
649.8
244.4
182.2

449.8
897.1
405.7
254.6
412.1
23.1
104.0
30.4
96.7
513.9

447.6
906.5
407.0
255.4
412.8
22.7
104.1
30.4
97.1
512.9

446.1
911.4
408.3
255.5
412.8
22.7
104.0
30.5
97.1
512.6

445.7
931.2
410.6
256.3
411.4
22.9
103.9
30.6
97.1
514.9

445.5
929.8
410.5
257.1
412.1
23.0
104.2
30.8
97.9
511.0

445.5
934.2
410.2
258.0
412.4
23.0
104.0
31.0
98.1
509.7

446.8
935.6
410.5
256.7
412.3
22.6
104.1
31.6
98.1
510.4

447.3
930.5
411.4
257.8
410.4
22.6
104.0
31.8
98.1
509.7

447.7
940.5

43.3
975.9
847.1
19.6
1,046.7
168.3
211.3
936.1
86.6
373.9

43.4
973.7
847.5
19.5
1,044.6
169.1
212.9
935.0
86.7
372.2

43.5
972.5
849.1
19.6
1,046.0
169.4
212.5
934.8
86.3
371.5

43.4
971.4
847.9
19.7
1,047.4
169.7
214.1
935.7
86.4
371.8

43.4
965.5
847.7
19.8
1,050.3
170.1
214.8
936.1
86.7
371.7

43.6
965.0
847.6
20.1
1,052.9
168.5
216.1
935.4
86.7
374.4

43.4
961.8
851.9
20.5
1,053.0
169.1
216.5
936.8
86.5
372.3

44.0
960.0
851.1
20.9
1,052.5
169.2
216.6
934.3
86.5
371.7

43.8
958.3
850.4
20.9
1,052.6
169.4
215.8
936.0
86.3
370.8

43.9
954.5
849.6
21.0
1,054.3

40.2
530.8
992.6
109.2
43.3
405.2
338.6
82.7
559.1
9.5

40.7
531.5
994.0
109.9
43.3
405.9
338.5
82.5
561.1
9.5

41.2
532.9
995.3
110.8
43.3
406.5
337.0
82.8
562.3
9.4

41.3
534.4
997.0
111.6
43.6
405.2
335.2
82.6
563.2
9.4

41.8
534.8
994.5
114.2
43.2
406.4
335.6
81.5
566.0
9.6

41.9
537.6
995.8
114.2
43.2
403.3
333.9
81.3
566.5
9.8

42.4
537.5
997.6
115.0
43.1
401.9
333.8
81.3
567.9
9.9

42.4
539.0
1,000.1
115.2
42.8
399.6
332.5
81.4
568.2
9.9

42.5
537.9
1,000.5
115.4
42.7
401.6
331.8
81.4
568.5
9.9

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

380.5
17.4
174.1
243.3
1,803.1
188.1
293.3
65.4
13.8
484.7
555.8

383.8
16.9
174.0
243.3
1,796.2
188.4
291.6
65.0
13.9
484.3
556.1

383.4
17.2
174.0
244.1
1,786.6
187.9
291.9
64.7
13.8
483.8
556.6

382.6
17.3
174.1
244.9
1,778.7
188.1
290.9
64.8
13.9
483.5
556.3

382.2
16.5
174.4
245.5
1,773.4
187.7
289.0
64.4
13.9
482.6
558.0

19.2
69.4
935.1
637.6
234.4
182.4
292.3
185.7
91.0
178.5

19.1
69.6
935.0
638.3
236.2
182.2
293.0
186.5
91.1
178.4

19.0
69.4
934.8
638.5
236.8
182.0
293.0
186.3
90.9
178.2

18.8
70.0
936.5
638.7
237.1
181.5
292.7
186.7
91.6
178.1

453.1
896.7
405.2
253.4
410.4
23.1
103.0
29.9
97.7
516.2

451.3
894.2
403.5
253.8
410.5
23.0
103.3
30.2
96.9
515.0

450.3
894.3
404.4
253.5
410.6
23.0
104.0
30.5
96.6
515.1

42.2
982.8
849.6
19.6
1,048.5
168.5
209.5
940.5
86.5
374.4

42.8
978.9
846.3
19.6
1,046.9
168.3
209.6
936.3
87.1
374.4

39.7
529.4
988.3
108.3
43.4
406.5
340.1
82.7
559.5
9.5

40.3
530.5
987.5
108.5
43.2
405.6
338.5
82.7
559.7
9.5

Dec.

JuneP

Manufacturing
384.1

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia

16.5
,

,

19.2

,
-...

Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
\A/io/v\nQin

Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.

54



293.4
65.2
13.8
483.8
551.3

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland

174.2
242.4
1,806.1
188.6

69.2
928.9
638.3
235.9
182.7

292.0
183.7

90.9
179.2
454.9
895.7
404.0
254.5
411.8

22.9
102.6
29.2

96.6
516.3
42.7
978.4
847.3
19.4
1,045.9
167.5

209.9
940.1
88.2
375.1
39.7
527.5
985.7
107.7

43.7
405.7
340.9
82.9

556.7
9.4

384.6
15.5
180.1

250.6
1,752.8
191.0
285.2

63.1
14.0
482.1

568.5

297.7
185.9

92.7
176.8

413.5

259.3
409.8
22.4
104.3
31.8
98.4

509.5

170.7
218.2
936.9
86.3
371.3
43.1
540.7

1,000.6
115.7
42.7
400.6
332.9
81.2
573.0

9.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1993

1994

State
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June?

Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia

84.9
22.9
78.0
56.8
602.5
103.8
68.8
14.8
21.6
286.9
201.9

85.1
22.9
77.7
57.2
602.2
104.4
69.5
14.8
21.3
285.9
201.7

85.0
22.9
77.2
57.2
600.8
104.8
69.7
14.6
21.2
284.9
202.0

85.2
22.9
77.9
57.2
600.6
104.5
69.5
14.9
21.1
285.2
203.6

85.3
22.8
77.5
56.9
600.1
104.0
69.4
15.0
21.1
285.7
203.1

85.5
22.8
76.9
56.8
597.5
104.7
69.3
15.1
20.8
287.0
203.4

85.2
22.9
76.6
57.1
597.9
104.9
69.3
14.9
20.8
289.9
202.9

85.0
23.0
78.6
56.3
600.1
104.2
69.2
14.8
20.8
283.7
203.6

84.9
23.2
78.6
56.4
599.3
105.1
69.3
15.1
20.7
285.0
205.4

85.1
23.4
78.5
56.6
598.9
105.0
68.4
14.9
20.8
286.4
206.2

85.2
23.1
78.7
56.1
591.8
103.1
69.5
15.0
20.9
286.4
203.5

85.0
23.4
79.3
56.8
594.3
103.5
68.9
15.2
21.2
288.1
207.7

85.1
23.0
79.4
57.0
593.1
103.4
68.8
15.2
21.1
287.3
208.2

Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland

41.2
20.8
310.1
132.8
56.7
65.7
82.5
105.0
22.1
98.1

41.3
20.7
309.2
133.1
57.0
66.6
82.3
105.4
22.0
98.5

41.0
20.7
309.6
133.7
57.0
66.8
81.8
105.5
22.1
98.3

40.9
20.8
312.0
133.9
57.2
67.0
82.4
105.1
22.1
98.6

40.6
21.1
311.2
134.7
57.0
67.1
82.4
105.8
21.6
98.3

40.1
21.4
312.2
135.0
56.9
67.3
82.6
105.7
21.8
97.9

39.8
21.4
313.8
135.0
56.9
67.7
82.5
106.3
21.9
98.1

39.9
21.1
312.1
135.3
56.8
68.0
81.8
105.7
21.4
98.9

39.8
21.0
313.2
135.3
56.9
68.3
82.9
106.1
21.5
97.7

40.1
21.1
312.6
135.7
57.2
68.1
82.9
106.6
21.3
97.3

40.3
21.3
306.1
132.9
57.3
68.2
83.1
106.6
20.9
97.0

40.1
21.4
311.3
135.8
57.4
68.7
83.7
107.2
21.0
97.6

39.7
21.3
311.6
136.5
57.5
68.9
84.2
107.3
21.5
97.1

Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey

123.0
156.5
109.1
46.1
152.7
20.3
47.2
34.8
18.1
236.4

124.4
156.1
109.3
46.1
153.1
20.2
47.1
35.1
18.1
236.0

124.4
155.4
108.8
45.8
153.3
20.1
46.9
35.3
18.0
236.0

125.0
155.6
106.6
45.8
155.1
20.2
47.1
35.6
18.0
235.2

125.8
156.1
109.0
46.0
154.5
20.2
47.0
35.8
17.9
234.4

124.9
156.3
109.9
45.3
154.5
20.3
47.2
35.9
17.9
235.1

125.3
156.4
110.1
45.2
154.7
20.4
47.4
35.9
18.0
235.1

126.7
158.8
110.0
44.6
154.5
20.0
47.2
36.0
18.1
237.7

127.3
158.8
110.2
44.7
154.6
20.2
47.4
36.0
18.2
238.0

127.9
159.1
109.9
44.9
154.8
20.2
47.8
36.3
18.2
238.7

127.0
154.1
108.5
43.7
151.7
20.2
47.0
36.4
17.9
236.9

127.5
160.5
109.3
45.2
155.0
20.4
47.2
36.5
18.2
238.7

127.2
160.3
109.6
45.5
154.4
20.4
46.9
36.6
18.4
238.9

New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina

29.1
400.8
157.7
18.0
215.2
71.9
66.2
268.2
14.1
66.8

29.1
400.7
157.1
18.1
214.4
72.0
66.0
264.8
14.2
66.0

29.0
399.9
156.9
18.0
214.1
71.8
65.8
263.7
14.0
66.1

28.9
399.1
156.5
18.1
213.1
71.6
65.9
266.3
14.5
66.4

28.9
400.4
156.6
18.1
213.2
71.2
66.0
267.1
14.3
66.5

28.9
401.4
156.8
18.2
212.9
70.9
66.2
267.2
14.5
66.6

28.9
402.4
156.7
18.2
212.7
70.9
66.4
268.9
14.7
66.7

29.4
404.2
155.8
18.3
212.5
71.3
66.0
269.2
14.5
66.2

29.7
406.0
156.3
18.4
212.5
71.6
66.1
268.6
14.6
66.8

29.9
406.4
157.1
18.4
212.0
71.8
66.4
269.4
14.5
67.0

30.0
402.7
155.7
18.3
203.8
71.8
65.0
262.8
14.5
66.5

30.1
405.8
155.7
18.3
212.5
72.0
66.2
271.5
14.6
67.7

29.5
404.8
156.0
18.0
212.5
71.8
66.6
270.7
14.7
67.6

South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

14.7
126.6
438.5
45.8
11.3
149.2
114.3
38.5
114.0
14.5

14.8
126.8
436.0
46.1
11.2
149.6
114.5
38.7
113.3
14.5

14.9
127.4
436.5
46.4
11.1
149.8
114.3
38.8
112.9
14.5

14.7
127.8
438.7
47.2
11.0
150.1
115.5
38.8
113.6
14.6

14.6
128.7
439.4
47.4
11.0
150.7
114.6
38.7
113.8
14.6

14.6
128.3
441.6
47.7
11.0
151.4
114.3
38.6
113.9
14.6

14.6
128.1
443.3
48.1
10.9
151.5
115.4
39.0
114.4
14.6

14.9
127.1
443.5
49.2
10.9
150.9
115.1
39.2
114.0
14.6

14.9
128.5
445.0
49.3
11.0
151.4
114.6
39.7
114.2
14.7

14.9
128.9
444.9
49.8
10.9
152.8
117.0
39.3
114.4
14.6

15.1
124.1
444.5
48.2
11.0
151.3
115.2
39.0
111.2
14.5

15.0
129.7
445.6
48.5
10.9
153.3
117.3
39.2
110.8
14.4

15.1
129.4
446.2
48.6
10.9
151.8
117.7
39.4
114.1
14.3

Iowa

See footnotes at end of table.




55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)

1993

1994

State
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

380.6
49.9
389.3
221.2
2,769.4
413.1
328.1
76.7
52.1
1,463.8
787.2

382.3
49.7
390.2
222.2
2,768.3
415.9
328.2
76.3
51.8
1,477.3
794.2

383.7
50.6
394.4
223.6
2,768.6
417.7
325.1
76.7
52.1
1,479.2
795.7

384.7
51.3
397.8
223.6
2,768.4
420.3
326.6
77.8
51.6
1,484.9
796.9

384.4
51.1
398.4
224.5
2,765.2
421.0
327.1
79.1
52.0
1,487.0
797.3

385.6
51.0
400.9
224.6
2,759.9
424.3
325.7
79.7
52.2
1,491.2
800.1

132.2
112.8
1,254.5
618.8
322.8
277.0
360.6
382.4
130.1
497.9

131.7
113.2
1,251.9
614.3
321.7
276.2
359.5
379.7
129.7
500.8

130.7
113.7
1,264.6
615.4
322.3
277.2
363.5
382.6
129.6
499.2

130.4
114.6
1,263.6
615.7
321.5
278.3
364.9
386.8
129.4
500.3

130.3
115.9
1,271.1
616.3
323.9
277.1
365.5
388.2
132.1
502.2

129.4
116.0
1,273.7
615.9
324.8
278.2
367.0
389.5
133.3
503.0

128.9
116.6
1,277.9
613.6
326.2
278.4
369.1
390.8
134.3
502.7

650.5
939.9
540.9
211.4
574.3
88.4
194.1
136.0
129.0
818.0

648.1
941.6
540.8
211.5
575.1
88.6
194.0
136.9
129.3
819.4

656.2
937.7
544.7
211.9
572.5
89.0
194.3
137.0
129.9
823.4

655.3
945.8
548.0
212.8
574.9
89.2
194.2
137.9
130.2
819.0

659.9
952.0
549.0
215.0
575.3
89.0
193.5
138.4
130.9
822.3

663.9
957.5
551.5
216.6
581.5
88.8
193.6
139.3
131.9
827.5

668.7
960.0
548.3
217.1
582.4
89.0
193.4
140.1
130.8
828.8

671.0
967.2
548.2
217.4
580.9
89.4
194.1
140.8
132.1
830.2

148.3
1,551.7
737.6
75.3
1,174.8
289.9
330.0
1,148.8
95.1
353.9

148.3
1,553.1
737.8
75.2
1,174.8
289.9
330.4
1,150.3
94.9
355.3

148.3
1,555.7
740.6
75.3
1,175.3
289.5
330.8
1,153.2
95.1
356.4

150.4
1,567.2
736.3
74.9
1,178.0
290.8
330.4
1,146.3
94.3
357.1

150.7
1,566.4
738.8
75.2
1,180.6
292.5
330.7
1,149.4
94.6
358.8

151.2
1,571.2
743.1
75.6
1,181.7
291.4
331.9
1,155.7
94.4
358.1

153.4
1,570.5
743.6
75.4
1,182.3
293.2
334.6
1,157.6
94.6
357.9

153.7
1,572.4
745.2
75.1
1,185.4
292.7
335.0
1,160.4
95.2
358.3

154.2
1,572.4
744.0
75.1
1,183.2
293.0
335.8
1,166.7
96.1
357.8

81.3
541.0
1,827.1
194.8
60.5
652.6
549.4
150.5
556.2
48.2

81.3
541.7
1,833.0
196.2
60.1
653.0
549.4
151.3
558.9
48.2

81.2
543.7
1,844.9
197.1
60.6
655.0
550.7
152.3
558.7
48.4

82.4
542.3
1,834.7
198.2
60.9
658.9
549.1
152.1
554.2
48.5

82.8
545.5
1,842.6
198.5
61.1
663.1
552.4
152.3
556.6
48.6

82.6
546.1
1,848.6
199.9
61.4
668.7
551.9
152.4
557.2
48.3

83.0
550.5
1,855.5
199.5
61.5
672.7
551.0
153.6
558.1
48.3

83.3
552.0
1,862.5
199.9
61.3
675.4
551.5
154.1
559.5
48.0

83.2
552.6
1,866.8
202.2
61.9
674.7
554.0
154.0
560.4
48.9

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia

375.4
48.2
385.5
218.9
2,789.2
402.6
329.9
75.5
52.3
1,450.4
768.0

376.8
49.1
386.3
220.2
2,787.5
405.6
329.8
76.2
52.7
1,452.8
778.5

376.9
49.5
387.4
221.1
2,780.1
406.3
328.2
76.2
52.7
1,457.6
780.8

377.8
49.6
389.0
221.1
2,775.9
406.8
326.5
76.3
52.7
1,462.4
782.7

379.3
49.4
389.8
221.4
2,768.8
408.2
327.0
76.0
52.6
1,464.8
784.6

380.0
50.2
390.1
222.2
2,765.4
409.9
324.9
76.0
52.2
1,468.3
786.5

381.5
50.4
389.9
221.7
2,765.3
411.3
322.6
76.2
51.9
1,472.8
787.2

Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland

133.6
108.9
1,242.7
605.8
321.0
273.3
360.5
380.7
130.0
500.6

133.8
109.9
1,243.7
605.8
321.1
274.7
361.0
382.4
130.2
500.9

132.7
109.8
1,245.7
605.9
321.2
275.0
361.7
382.3
130.5
499.9

132.6
110.4
1,246.3
605.6
321.4
276.0
361.5
382.0
131.3
498.9

132.6
112.2
1,250.8
613.7
322.3
276.1
361.4
380.4
131.3
498.3

132.3
112.9
1,253.2
618.3
322.4
276.7
361.2
381.3
130.9
497.8

643.7
931.8
537.1
209.5
570.2
87.3
192.7
132.4
129.1
817.3

649.2
937.2
534.5
209.7
570.9
88.1
194.9
133.0
129.6
815.6

650.1
936.4
535.0
210.1
572.9
88.4
195.6
134.1
128.7
814.8

648.9
936.2
535.4
210.7
574.1
88.3
193.7
135.0
129.1
815.9

649.7
936.6
538.3
211.1
574.2
88.4
193.8
135.4
129.2
818.5

New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina

146.8
1,557.2
731.0
74.7
1,171.5
287.7
326.8
1,147.8
93.2
349.3

147.4
1,553.8
735.8
74.9
1,174.2
290.4
329.5
1,150.7
94.4
352.5

148.1
1,554.3
737.1
75.0
1,174.4
289.6
327.9
1,149.6
94.6
352.8

147.8
1,551.6
736.8
75.1
1,174.8
289.6
329.2
1,148.0
95.8
352.7

South Dakota

80.3
532.6
1,801.5
191.6
60.2
648.3
544.4
148.2
552.6
48.2

80.8
534.6
1,810.1
192.4
60.5
651.7
546.4
149.0
552.8
48.1

81.4
535.5
1,817.4
192.9
60.5
651.3
545.5
149.7
553.7
48.3

81.6
537.5
1,822.5
193.6
60.6
651.4
547.6
149.8
554.1
48.4

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

June"

Wholesale and retail trade

Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey

Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.

56



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1993

1994

State
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Apr.

May

JuneP

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia

75.6
11.0
99.8
39.9
788.0
105.4
139.5
34.5
31.7
355.0
165.4

75.5
11.3
99.9
40.4
787.6
106.6
139.0
35.1
31.2
356.4
167.2

75.8
11.3
100.2
40.5
786.4
106.9
138.7
35.2
31.2
358.1
167.0

75.8
11.3
100.5
40.7
785.1
107.2
138.9
35.4
30.7
358.4
167.1

76.0
11.4
100.8
40.8
783.2
107.7
139.1
35.5
30.6
359.9
167.4

76.1
11.3
101.1
40.9
782.2
108.2
138.7
35.8
30.3
361.0
167.2

76.5
11.4
101.3
41.0
780.7
108.7
138.3
35.9
30.0
361.7
167.6

76.9
11.4
101.3
40.9
782.4
108.4
138.4
36.0
30.0
362.8
166.6

77.1
11.4
101.1
41.2
780.9
108.6
137.8
36.2
29.6
363.5
167.1

77.2
11.3
101.3
41.4
780.5
108.8
136.8
36.4
29.3
364.5
167.5

77.3
11.5
101.5
41.2
778.5
109.5
138.1
36.7
29.5
364.2
167.4

77.0
11.4
101.7
41.4
774.8
109.1
137.3
36.7
29.9
365.2
167.8

77.1
11.4
102.6
41.5
771.4
109.5
136.8
36.9
30.1
365.7
168.1

Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland

38.9
22.6
380.6
128.5
73.9
57.7
63.0
77.5
25.7
128.7

39.3
22.7
383.2
128.4
74.2
58.4
63.0
78.1
25.7
129.5

39.4
22.7
383.9
128.5
74.3
58.6
63.0
78.0
25.9
129.5

39.4
23.0
384.4
128.7
74.6
58.5
62.7
77.9
25.8
129.8

39.6
23.1
384.8
129.0
74.8
58.4
63.0
78.1
25.9
129.9

39.4
23.3
385.5
129.3
75.0
58.6
63.4
77.9
26.1
130.0

39.4
23.3
386.0
129.5
75.5
58.6
63.2
77.9
26.0
130.0

39.6
23.4
385.4
129.4
75.2
58.4
63.0
77.8
25.9
130.6

39.5
23.4
385.5
129.4
75.1
58.5
62.8
77.8
25.9
130.4

39.5
23.8
384.9
129.6
75.4
58.6
62.9
78.1
26.0
130.1

39.6
24.1
385.3
129.8
75.7
58.8
62.9
78.6
26.1
130.2

39.6
24.0
386.3
129.9
75.9
59.0
62.5
78.7
25.9
129.6

39.6
24.1
384.9
129.3
75.7
59.4
62.8
79.3
25.8
128.9

Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey

199.0
192.5
135.7
38.8
140.8
14.8
50.4
30.8
29.7
228.0

200.5
193.4
135.6
38.7
141.4
15.0
50.5
31.0
30.0
227.7

200.4
193.4
136.2
38.8
141.6
14.8
50.5
31.3
29.9
229.1

200.3
193.1
136.9
38.9
141.9
15.0
50.6
31.5
29.8
229.7

200.6
189.5
137.7
38.9
142.3
15.0
50.5
31.7
29.9
230.3

200.5
193.3
138.4
38.9
142.3
14.9
50.7
31.8
29.9
230.7

200.6
193.5
139.1
38.9
143.1
15.0
50.6
31.9
29.9
230.6

201.4
192.5
139.3
38.7
141.2
15.1
50.5
32.1
30.1
230.5

201.4
192.6
139.7
39.2
141.3
15.1
50.8
32.1
30.1
231.1

201.6
193.6
140.0
39.4
141.9
15.2
50.6
32.1
30.1
230.9

202.3
194.8
139.6
39.5
143.0
15.1
50.7
32.1
29.8
231.0

202.2
195.5
139.3
39.1
143.2
15.2
50.5
32.1
29.8
231.1

202.9
196.6
138.7
39.1
143.5
15.1
50.7
31.9
29.5
232.8

New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina

27.6
728.4
137.8
13.5
259.4
61.6
91.0
302.8
25.3
66.0

27.7
727.8
138.7
13.5
259.4
61.6
92.1
303.5
25.4
65.9

27.7
726.7
139.0
13.6
259.2
61.6
92.5
303.7
25.3
66.1

27.8
728.4
139.9
13.6
259.2
61.5
93.0
304.1
25.4
66.1

27.8
729.2
141.0
13.6
259.3
61.3
93.5
304.0
25.3
66.2

27.7
728.7
141.1
13.6
259.6
61.3
93.8
304.7
25.3
66.3

27.8
728.7
141.7
13.7
260.1
61.1
93.9
304.6
25.2
66.3

28.1
727.4
141.9
13.7
260.5
61.2
94.4
303.1
25.3
66.2

28.2
728.6
142.2
13.8
260.4
61.3
94.7
304.3
25.4
66.5

28.3
729.5
142.9
13.8
260.6
61.6
95.4
304.5
25.2
66.3

28.9
730.3
143.8
13.8
260.9
61.8
95.9
305.9
25.4
66.3

29.0
730.9
144.7
13.8
260.9
61.9
96.5
307.2
25.2
66.4

29.0
733.2
145.1
13.8
260.7
61.6
96.5
307.0
25.1
66.4

South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

17.7
103.8
425.7
39.6
12.1
155.8
120.8
25.0
130.1
7.7

17.9
104.3
428.6
39.8
12.1
157.1
121.3
25.1
130.6
7.7

17.9
104.2
429.5
40.4
12.1
157.9
121.3
25.1
130.9
7.7

17.9
104.2
430.5
41.0
12.1
158.3
121.7
25.2
131.4
7.8

17.9
104.9
431.8
41.6
12.2
159.2
121.9
25.1
132.0
7.7

18.0
105.1
433.8
41.6
12.2
160.1
122.3
25.1
132.4
7.7

17.9
105.4
435.5
42.5
12.3
160.8
122.7
25.1
132.7
7.8

18.0
105.2
434.2
44.2
12.2
160.0
123.2
25.0
132.6
7.9

18.1
105.3
434.4
44.6
12.1
160.9
122.9
25.0
132.4
7.9

18.2
105.3
436.9
45.0
12.0
161.2
122.3
25.1
132.7
7.8

18.2
105.6
438.6
45.9
12.0
162.2
122.1
25.0
132.6
7.8

18.2
105.8
438.8
46.2
12.0
162.9
121.8
25.0
132.9
7.7

18.3
106.1
439.1
46.3
11.9
162.4
121.8
25.1
133.2
7.7

See footnotes at end of table.




57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1994

1993
State
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Georgia

363.0
57.3
449.8
219.8
3,467.0
466.4
442.4
89.1
251.4
1,814.8
722.4

364.7
57.2
450.2
220.2
3,473.0
471.4
444.4
90.3
254.1
1,825.8
732.7

364.4
57.0
451.5
220.6
3,466.6
472.4
445.5
90.3
254.1
1,835.1
737.0

365.1
57.1
454.2
221.3
3,466.1
473.0
447.8
90.7
254.5
1,842.4
742.5

366.6
56.7
454.7
222.2
3,465.4
474.1
447.8
90.6
258.4
1,850.5
750.7

365.4
57.0
455.5
222.2
3,465.3
474.2
447.3
91.0
256.6
1,858.5
753.6

Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland

164.4
96.9
1,461.0
557.1
318.5
269.4
363.3
407.0
134.6
654.2

164.6
97.8
1,481.3
560.0
318.6
270.3
362.5
408.6
133.3
659.3

163.8
98.4
1,485.2
560.8
320.0
271.1
363.8
410.2
134.1
658.0

163.3
98.9
1,485.9
560.1
319.6
272.0
365.1
410.4
135.2
660.9

164.2
99.7
1,483.7
561.2
319.8
273.2
366.1
408.9
136.3
665.4

Massachi
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey

947.4
1,012.7
613.6

958.0
1,020.9
616.2
199.3
648.5
89.2
188.3
292.4
138.7
1,019.4

960.6
1,023.3
618.0
200.6
652.3
89.4
188.2
294.6
139.0
1,021.9

966.6
1,026.0
619.1
199.3
654.3
89.1
189.2
297.2
138.6
1,024.0

1,523.9
135.3
332.0

168.2
2,413.3
693.0
77.0
1,277.6
307.1
327.7
1,525.0
137.1
336.0

168.0
2,416.7
694.9
77.1
1,277.5
306.7
328.5
1.528.3
136.9
336.8

79.9
572.2
1,920.2
210.7
73.9
793.7
580.5
165.9
593.5
42.9

79.8
575.0
1,944.4
213.0
74.0
799.5
580.8
166.8
598.4
42.9

79.8
577.0
1,948.7
213.4
74.2
802.1
583.6
167.4
598.8
42.9

June"

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

365.1
57.2
456.6
220.9
3,469.6
475.7
447.6
91.3
256.8
1,866.7
757.1

365.3
57.5
455.9
223.9
3,469.6
477.7
453.2
90.7
255.4
1,869.8
758.2

368.5
57.8
458.8
224.8
3,480.2
482.4
450.8
91.4
256.5
1,879.3
767.9

368.8
57.8
463.8
225.1
3,478.8
482.8
451.9
92.1
256.4
1,889.5
774.3

370.1
57.6
466.6
225.5
3,487.0
483.7
453.0
94.1
256.1
1,898.9
782.9

368.4
58.4
466.9
226.7
3,490.8
485.5
456.8
93.9
256.5
1,907.2
786.6

163.5
99.7
1,484.6
563.1
320.8
273.4
366.4
409.9
136.5
664.7

163.4
100.1
1,489.2
564.0
321.5
274.9
366.5
411.1
136.7
665.2

163.9
100.9
1,479.7
569.2
322.8
276.8
364.6
410.3
135.8
664.2

163.2
101.8
1,481.2
568.6
323.3
276.4
365.6
415.3
136.4
662.7

163.2
101.5
1,481.9
582.1
323.7
277.0
367.9
418.0
136.6
663.3

163.3
101.8
1,487.7
583.4
325.0
277.7
368.0
421.3
137.6
669.9

163.6
102.6
1,490.3
578.1
325.7
278.0
367.5
424.5
138.7
671.2

163.9
102.7
1,494.7
575.1
327.1
279.8

968.2
1,027.1
621.3
199.5
654.3
88.9
189.1
301.1
138.7
1,026.8

972.1
1,027.0
623.4
200.8
655.1
89.0
188.5
305.5
138.5
1,028.2

974.0
1,027.5
626.6
200.0
658.7
89.4
188.3
311.7
138.2
1,030.1

987.5
1,029.8
629.3
204.3
657.5
89.6
189.1
312.2
140.1
1,031.2

987.6
1,036.3
631.0
207.1
660.3
89.9
188.8
315.5
140.9
1,033.8

990.8
1,040.0
633.3
207.1
664.5
90.6
188.2
315.7
141.6
1,036.7

997.3
1,050.2
636.4
209.5
675.2
90.0
190.6
316.8
142.9
1,046.2

997.5
1,054.5
636.4
211.1
677.2
90.7
190.6
317.1
143.0
1,047.9

1,002.2

168.1
2,418.7
697.0
77.4
1,281.4
305.6
330.6
1,532.4
136.8
337.5

169.0
2,427.3
700.2
77.9
1,285.5
304.8
331.0
1,536.0
137.1
339.0

168.8
2,435.9
703.2
78.2
1,286.5
304.3
333.1
1,539.0
137.3
340.2

168.9
2,440.9
707.5
77.9
1,289.1
304.4
333.3
1,540.5
136.8
341.3

172.6
2,444.6
709.5
77.8
1,292.9
307.0
332.2
1,530.1
137.4
345.3

173.1
2,449.8
711.9
77.9
1,296.0
307.0
332.9
1,533.3
136.8
344.6

173.3
2,458.0
717.9
79.1
1,296.9
307.3
334.1
1,541.7
138.1
344.4

175.5
2,464.3
719.2
79.1
1,299.4
310.6
334.1
1,553.1
138.6
344.4

176.3
2,473.1
723.3
79.8
1,300.0
312.7
335.1
1,560.4
139.4
345.9

176.0
2,476.3

79.3
578.9
1,950.9
213.9
74.6
806.5
585.2
168.0
600.4
43.1

80.8
581.8
1,953.1
215.6
75.2
809.4
586.0
169.5
601.3
43.1

80.9
583.1
1,954.4
217.3
75.7
813.2
587.3
169.4
602.0
43.2

81.0
585.9
1,954.8
218.9
74.2
817.2
589.3
170.0
602.4
43.5

83.3
585.7
1,948.9
221.2
74.2
816.7
588.3
170.1
604.9
43.8

83.6
587.5
1,966.8
221.9
75.3
822.9
589.2
170.9
607.9
43.8

83.9
587.7
1,976.3
222.7
75.8
829.5
593.6
171.2
610.3
43.7

84.0
591.4
1,998.3
223.7
77.5
834.0
594.2
172.3
611.7
44.0

84.5
594.2
2,004.0
223.5
75.3
834.0
596.7
174.0
611.5
43.5

Dec.
Services

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia

195.7
645.2
87.0
188.4
289.4

136.9
1,014.6

New Mexico
New York

North Dakota

ZZZZZZZ1

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia

Wyoming

327.1
,

,

ZZZZZZZZZ

See footnotes at end of table.

58



167.7
2,405.4
689.5
76.6
1,278.2
304.5

370.5
58.7

469.4
227.7
3,489.8
485.5
458.0
94.6
257.4
1,918.6

794.4

424.8
138.3
672.2

1,057.0
642.3
215.5

679.1
90.8
191.5
317.3
143.4

1,051.2

726.0
79.4
1,297.7
313.8
336.3
1,559.6

142.2
347.2
84.7
593.1

2,029.7
225.2
75.4
838.0
600.0
174.4
616.5
43.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)
1993

1994

State
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

342.0
74.4
289.4
169.7
2,076.8
295.6

340.0
74.4
289.9
171.4
2,078.1
298.4
204.8
49.1
285.6
883.4
545.4

341.2
74.2
290.1
168.8
2,075.2
297.5
207.3
50.3
286.0
884.6
546.6

342.4
74.8
285.8
168.8
2,075.6
297.6
207.7
49.4
284.9
887.0
554.3

343.1
74.5
287.6
^169.3

287.7
880.2
544.1

338.8
73.8
289.7
171.0
2,076.5
299.7
205.3
48.9
289.3
883.7
544.9

112.1
89.4
766.6
392.4
222.7
233.0
277.0
341.2
95.1
417.0

110.8
90.6
761.0
391.1
221.4
231.3
276.1
340.6
95.9
413.3

111.1
90.8
758.2
391.6
222.4
223.9
275.1
340.8
95.9
417.3

111.3
90.6
759.6
397.6
224.3
231.8
276.1
339.6
93.9
421.3

387.8

564.8

388.4
634.1
352.7
209.9
377.7
73.5
149.1
88.1
72.6
562.8

389.1
633.4
353.4
214.9
377.4
74.7
150.0
89.1
73.3
564.4

160.4
1,418.4
524.1
66.4
736.8
272.5
233.5
709.3
61.2
298.5

158.1
1,430.4
530.2
67.2
730.2
270.8
232.2
709.2
61.3
298.6

65.6
361.0

65.4
361.8
1,382.5
159.1
42.5
600.6
429.8
125.9
359.8
57.0

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

297.9
208.7
49.6
285.7
889.3
555.4

343.0
75.1
287.1
169.1
2,079.4
298.8
208.8
49.9
284.8
894.1
556.8

344.3
75.8
286.3
169.4
2,079.8
297.9
207.3
49.4
285.1
895.8
558.3

343.5
74.9
286.5
169.4
2,084.1
298.7
209.0
49.5
284.0
898.3
560.6

343.9
74.9
287.3
169.4
2,083.0
298.8
208.8
49.4
283.0
897.9
560.8

345.0
74.6
286.3
169.4
2,084.0
300.6
210.5
49.4
282.8
907.1
561.3

343.8
74.4
287.4
170.7
2,089.4
298.5
210.2
50.2
281.1
901.9
561.2

111.8
91.3
772.2
395.7
224.5
232.1
276.5
340.2
94.0
417.6

111.5
91.6
772.6
396.0
225.2
231.1
277.7
340.2
93.6
418.1

112.0
92.2
773.2
396.9
225.7
232.7
276.7
339.6
93.3
419.4

110.4
92.2
768.1
398.2
224.7
232.0
272.8
340.2
92.1
419.1

111.9
92.5
773.5
395.1
223.6
232.4
275.2
339.4
93.4
416.4

112.0
92.8
773.4
395.4
225.3
232.4
277.1
340.2
93.2
419.8

111.9
93.1
771.7
396.0
226.1
226.2
277.3
343.2
93.2
419.9

110.2
93.3
779.3
395.2
227.1
231.4
276.6
343.6
93.8
418.9

390.0
642.9
355.4
210.6
379.1
74.2
150.0
88.9
71.8
566.4

389.7
641.7
356.2
211.2
379.6
74.6
150.1
89.2
74.5
568.3

388.8
641.2
357.9
211.4
380.7
74.5
149.2
89.3
73.9
569.2

387.8
641.6
358.5
211.8
382.5
75.0
150.5
90.0
74.1
569.2

387.0
637.0
359.6
211.5
381.0
74.4
151.1
89.4
75.1
565.2

388.8
637.9
359.5
210.5
382.5
74.6
149.1
90.0
76.6
561.1

386.5
641.4
360.8
212.6
382.7
74.6
149.7
91.1
76.7
562.5

390.2
638.7
362.6
212.3
385.4
75.0
149.5
91.8
75.0
565.0

388.9
637.4
362.3
212.4
386.5
75.6
152.1
92.2
74.2
566.9

159.0
1,423.2
537.3
67.3
737.5
270.8
231.9
708.3
61.5
298.7

159.9
1,419.7
533.9
67.8
738.3
267.6
232.1
709.1
60.3
298.1

159.7
1,420.4
536.5
66.6
744.5
266.9
232.2
709.3
60.9
297.8

160.1
1,423.0
539.1
66.4
738.5
268.3
232.9
710.5
61.3
297.9

160.0
1,420.2
539.2
66.8
739.5
268.6
233.0
713.8
62.4
297.7

160.4
1,417.5
539.9
66.6
738.0
269.6
233.9
710.0
61.7
299.6

160.2
1,415.6
537.6
67.0
739.9
269.2
233.7
708.3
62.0
298.8

160.6
1,417.2
540.4
66.7
740.6
269.9
232.7
711.2
61.4
300.0

162.1
1,417.6
541.0
66.5
744.5
271.4
233.1
714.2
61.9
300.3

162.5
1,421.8
542.9
66.6
741.4
271.9
234.4
713.3
61.9
300.4

66.4
362.9
1,393.2
159.9
42.4
600.0
428.7
132.4
360.7
55.6

67.6
362.5
1,395.5
160.0
42.9
600.9
434.5
135.0
360.4
57.2

66.8
363.5
1,394.3
160.3
43.7
601.1
429.6
134.9
361.2
57.7

66.8
364.6
1,397.3
161.0
43.5
602.0
433.3
135.1
361.7
57.6

66.7
365.1
1,395.4
162.0
43.5
601.5
431.5
135.5
362.4
57.8

67.4
365.1
1,389.6
161.1
43.4
597.5
433.5
134.8
363.0
58.0

67.4
365.2
1,393.4
161.6
44.1
598.1
436.9
135.0
360.2
57.8

67.3
365.9
1,390.7
161.2
44.4
602.4
432.7
134.6
363.1
57.2

67.5
366.2
1,394.9
162.0
44.1
603.3
435.1
133.6
362.8
57.3

67.7
366.4
1,398.0
162.1
44.9
602.1
434.6
140.5
362.0
57.6

Dec.

June*

Government
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1
2

203.9
49.7

639.5
352.3
209.2
378.4
74.4
147.1

90.9
73.7

1,365.9
159.1
44.2
596.0
430.2
131.9
360.6
57.3

Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.




¥.078.6

350.2
74.4
292.4
171.0
2,088.8

297.7
209.3
49.9
278.8
908.8
562.0
113.0
93.4
769.7
399.2
231.3
237.7
277.7
342.5
93.0
418.8

628.2

361.3
210.3
386.2
75.0
148.5
90.1
74.6
568.3
165.1
1,413.8
540.0
66.5
746.1
271.2
231.7
724.9
61.8
303.2
68.3
1,304.6
162.5

44.7
604.5
436.9
133.7
363.5
57.4

P = preliminary.
NOTE: All State data have been adjusted to March 1993 benchmarks.

59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls
by major Industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1994

1993
Industry
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June"

July**

34.5

34.6

34.4

34.5

34.6

34.5

34.8

34.3

34.6

34.7

34.8

34.6

34.6

44.6

44.5

44.2

45.1

44.3

44.1

44.2

44.1

44.4

45.0

44.5

44.9

44.8

Construction

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41.4
4.1

41.5
4.1

41.5
4.2

41.6
4.3

41.7
4.4

41.7
4.4

41.7
4.5

41.3
4.5

42.1
4.7

42.2
4.8

42.1
4.7

42.0
4.6

41.9
4.6

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

42.0
4.2
40.7
40.0
42.6
43.5
44.2
42.0
43.1
41.8
42.6
43.4
41.3
39.7

42.2
4.3
40.8
40.4
42.8
43.6
43.9
42.1
43.0
42.0
43.2
44.4
41.0
39.8

42.3
4.3
41.0
40.0
42.7
43.6
44.1
42.2
43.0
42.0
43.6
45.1
41.1
39.8

42.4
4.5
41.2
40.4
42.8
43.8
43.8
42.3
43.2
42.1
43.5
45.1
41.1
39.7

42.5
4.7
41.4
40.7
43.3
44.1
44.0
42.5
43.2
42.0
43.8
45.9
41.0
39.8

42.5
4.7
41.2
40.2
43.1
44.2
44.2
42.5
43.3
41.9
44.1
46.1
41.2
39.9

42.7
4.8
41.7
40.2
43.3
44.2
43.9
42.6
43.4
42.1
44.0
46.2
41.4
40.1

42.2
4.9
40.6
39.0
42.3
44.2
44.3
42.3
43.1
41.7
44.0
46.3
41.0
38.9

43.0
5.0
41.3
40.6
43.6
44.6
44.7
42.8
43.9
42.4
44.5
46.5
41.7
40.1

43.0
5.2
41.4
40.3
43.4
44.9
45.1
43.0
43.9
42.6
44.6
46.1
41.6
40.4

42.9
5.0
41.4
40.3
43.7
44.8
45.1
42.8
43.8
42.3
44.3
45.8
41.9
40.2

42.8
5.0
41.3
40.8
43.6
44.3
44.4
42.6
43.7
42.2
43.9
45.2
41.7
40.2

42.6
4.9
41.0
40.6
43.5
44.2
44.0
42.6
43.6
42.1
43.2
44.1
42.1
40.0

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40.6
3.9
40.7

40.5
3.9
40.7

40.5
4.0
40.6

40.6
4.0
40.9

40.6
4.0
40.7

40.6
4.0
40.7

40.6
4.1
40.7

40.1

41.0
4.3
41.2

41.1
4.3

41.0
4.2

41.0
4.2

41.2

41.1

41.3

41.0
4.3
41.5

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

41.5

41.8

41.8

41.5

37.1
43.7

37.1
43.7

38.4
43.0

38.3
43.1

36.9
43.7
38.3
43.2

42.0
38.0
44.0
38.8
43.2

41.8
37.8
44.0
38.8
43.4

41.9

36.9

40.4
35.8
43.2
38.0
42.8

42.2
37.6
44.1
38.4
43.3

ft

42.6
38.6

ft

ft

ft

42.4

42.2

42.3

42.1

39.0

38.4

38.1

37.4

40.2

40.0

40.0

39.9

38.4

38.5

38.4

38.3

29.0

29.0

28.9

29.0

ft

ft

ft

ft

Total private

ft
41.3
37.2
43.5
38.4
43.4

ft
41.7

Transportation and public utilities

38.2

Wholesale trade

39.6

Retail trade

38.2

Finance, Insurance, and real estate

28.9

Services

ft

60



40.8

ft

ft

41.4
37.2
43.6
38.2
43.2

41.5
37.0
43.8
38.3
42.9

41.8
38.4

41.7

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

41.8

42.0

42.0

41.9

41.6

38.7

38.7

38.5

38.5

38.6

37.7

39.8

39.7

39.7

40.1

39.7

38.2

38.2

38.1

38.5

38.1

28.9

28.8

28.8

29.0

28.6

ft

ft

39.8

39.7
38.3

37.9
28.9

ft
32.6

28.6

ft
32.3

43.8
38.4
43.2

ft

32.4
32.5
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
1

4.1

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

39.8
38.3

28.9

ft

37.8
44.0
38.8
43.3

ft

41.7
37.4
44.3
38.8
43.5

ft

ft
32.4
32.3
32.8
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.8
32.5
32.4
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)

1993

1994

Industry
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Total private

124.6

125.1

124.4

125.3

125.8

125.9

127.1

125.6

127.3

128.2

129.1

128.7

129.2

Goods-producing

103.8

103.8

103.8

104.3

104.9

105.1

105.3

103.9

106.7

107.3

107.4

107.5

107.6

54.7

54.3

54.2

55.2

53.8

55.1

54.6

54.3

54.5

54.9

54.2

55.1

55.0

Construction

125.9

125.9

125.2

126.3

128.8

128.8

128.5

124.5

131.0

132.7

134.8

134.0

135.7

Manufacturing

102.3

102.4

102.5

102.9

103.3

103.3

103.7

102.8

104.9

105.4

105.1

105.3

105.0

99.5
123.5
120.4
102.2
84.8

99.8
124.5
121.3
102.7

100.2
125.7
120.7
102.7
85.1

100.6
127.2
121.9
103.2
85.7
71.1
103.4
92.8
101.4
111.2
139.7
75.6
100.1

101.2
128.7
123.5
104.4

101.6
128.7
122.6
104.2
86.8
71.7
104.8
93.7
101.6
112.9
145.2

102.3
131.6
122.9
105.2
87.0
71.3
105.6
94.4
101.8
113.8
149.4
75.2
100.8

101.4
128.2
119.2
102.8
87.3
71.6

103.3
130.4
124.8
106.5
88.1
71.6
106.7
96.1
103.2
114.8
150.3

104.0
131.3
123.5
107.3
88.5
70.8
107.8
96.9
104.6
115.3
149.5
75.2
101.9

103.8
131.6
124.2
107.8
88.5
70.8
107.6
96.9
103.8
114.6
147.9

103.9
131.7
126.0
108.1
87.5
68.9
107.8
97.4
104.3
114.4
147.9
74.7
101.0

103.5
130.7
126.7
107.8
87.5
68.3
107.8
97.3
103.6
112.0
144.7
75.8
101.6

105.7

104.7
112.7
54.2
96.2

107.1
113.4
58.8

107.1
114.4
55.6
98.9
87.3
111.9
125.8

Mining

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1

71.9
102.1

84.9
71.1
102.5

92.4
100.2
108.9
132.3
76.6
100.5

91.8
100.4
110.3
136.0
75.9
100.0

106.1
112.1
58.3
98.5

106.0
112.5
57.0

105.7
111.9

98.2

90.1

89.6

110.5
124.1
101.4
82.4
132.6

110.3
123.6

98.6
88.8
110.6

55.2

71.5
102.9
92.1
100.8
111.3
138.6

75.7
100.4

71.6
104.4

93.1
101.4
111.9
142.9
75.0
100.0

105.9
113.1
57.4
98.5

112.5
59.6
99.2

81.6
132.2

88.1
110.4
123.8
101.3
83.7
132.0

88.2
110.2
123.8
101.4
80.9
133.7

55.5

55.3

55.3

134.0

134.7

133.7

117.5

117.9

112.5

106.0

75.0
100.6

105.1
94.2

101.2
113.7

149.4
74.5
97.4

75.6
100.8

101.6
79.9
134.1

86.6
110.4
123.5
101.5
81.8
134.7

109.1
122.6
100.6
79.7
134.7

107.1
114.1
58.3
100.6
88.4
111.2
124.1
101.4
80.4
138.3

55.0

55.0

55.2

53.9

134.8

135.2

135.2

136.9

117.5

118.3

117.9

117.6

112.7

111.7

112.7

112.8

123.6

123.9

122.8

124.1

120.3

121.8

120.8

156.6

157.5

156.6

100.8
82.9
132.7

57.1

123.7
100.4

105.8
112.3
56.8

99.0
87.4

110.2
123.2

112.0

57.1
98.6

84.0

75.4
101.0

107.4

107.0

113.6
62.0
99.8
89.3
111.1
125.5

113.2
60.3
99.2

101.3
82.1

88.9
111.1

125.1
101.6

99.4
88.8
111.1
125.7

101.4

July"

101.9
79.9

138.3

78.7
138.4

79.1
138.9

54.6

55.7

53.7

53.3

51.7

135.3

136.6

137.6

138.8

138.3

138.9

118.9

117.9

118.6

118.4

119.8

119.7

119.6

112.6

114.0

113.1

113.9

114.5

114.8

114.9

114.5

123.7

124.1

125.1

123.6

125.4

126.4

126.6

126.8

127.7

121.4

121.8

121.3

124.3

121.7

121.5

122.0

123.6

121.9

122.6

157.6

158.9

158.9

161.2

159.3

160.8

162.5

164.6

163.5

164.4

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.




86.6

June"

139.4

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1990 forward are
subject to revision.

61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Percent change

Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

July 1993
to
July 1994p

May 1994
to
June 1994r

210,051

2.5

-.3

171,998

172,612

3.2

-.3

1,393
9,977
39,148
22,537
16,610
12,186
12,086
30,391
12,843
54,428

1,407
9,907
39,169
22,551
16,618
12,175
12,073
30,463
12,611
54,193

1,398
10,035
39,110
22,475
16,635
12,169
12,051
30,682
12,660
54,507

-.2
7.2
1.3
2.0
.3
1.8
1.8
3.5
1.3
5.1

1.0
-.7
.1
.1
.0
-.1
-.1
.2
-1.8
-.4

-.7
1.3
-.2
-.3
.1
.0
-.2
.7
.4
.6

38,021

37,833

37,440

-.7

-.5

-1.0

May
1994r

June
1994r

July
1994P

210,471

209,831

172,451

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted, multiplied
by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

62



June 1994
to
July1994p

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2414,
chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—606-5606).

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls by major Industry, seasonally adjusted
1993

1994

Industry
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June"

July"

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)3

$10.82 $10.86 $10.88 $10.92 $10.94 $10.96 $11.02 $11.03 $11.02 $11.05 $11.09 $11.08 $11.12
14.56
14.40
11.73
11.18
13.63
11.75
7.28
11.35
10.76

14.57
14.41
11.77
11.21
13.63
11.80
7.31
11.46
10.81

14.55
14.41
11.82
11.25
13.63
11.79
7.30
11.44
10.82

14.62
14.43
11.84
11.25
13.66
11.84
7.35
11.56
10.87

14.51
14.46
11.87
11.28
13.70
11.80
7.35
11.58
10.88

14.68
14.41
11.93
11.32
13.73
11.82
7.37
11.61
10.89

14.88
14.43
11.95
11.34
13.80
11.92
7.41
11.73
10.97

14.81
14.54
12.01
11.40
13.82
11.88
7.42
11.67
10.96

14.77
14.47
12.00
11.37
13.79
11.88
7.43
11.69
10.95

14.87
14.52
12.00
11.33
13.77
11.95
7.45
11.77
10.99

14.83
14.60
12.00
11.37
13.80
11.98
7.47
11.83
11.04

14.71
14.67
12.02
11.40
13.79
11.99
7.47
11.75
11.03

7.38

7.39

7.40

7.39

7.39

7.40

7.43

7.42

7.39

7.40

7.42

7.39

14.79
14.79
12.04
11.41
13.83
12.01
7.51
11.79
11.05

Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1982) dollars 3 .

373.29 375.76 374.27 376.74 378.52 378.12 383.50 378.33 381.29 383.44 385.93 383.37 384.75
254.46 255.62 254.43 255.07 255.76 255.14 258.60 254.60 255.73 256.83 258.15 255.58
0

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical




Workers (CPI-W) is used
4
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment
1993 benchmark levels.
all seasonally adjusted
revision.

to deflate these series.

survey estimates are currently projected from March
When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
data from January 1990 forward are subject to

63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed Industry
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Production workers1

All employees
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

111,346 110,431 113,511 114,340 113,399

Total

92,473 92,602 94,109 95,249 95,403 75,331 75,451 76,827 77,869 77,951

Total private
Mining

614

617

602

609

612

433

437

427

433

51.1
10.9
15.3

51.5

41.0
7.4

40.6
8.7
12.4

41.4

12.7

40.6
7.3
12.5

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

51.0
9.2
15.4

50.6
9.1

15.1

50.0
10.5
15.0

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

109.2
101.6

103.8
96.5

113.5
106.5

115.0
107.8

114.2

86.4
80.1

83.0
77.0

91.6
85.8

93.0
87.1

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

349.0
173.2
171.0

357.8
172.7
180.0

334.5
162.7
167.0

338.3
164.1
169.3

340.5

226.5

234.0
85.4

216.1

145.0

133.8

218.6
80.4
135.4

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

104.4
39.2
34.2
13.1

104.9
39.6
34.5
13.0

103.5
39.8
33.2
12.8

104.9
40.4
33.9
12.8

105.4

79.5
30.8

79.8
31.2

78.5
31.1

79.8
31.6

4,631

4,942

4,960

5,136

5,257

3,747

3,853

3,849

4,012

1,145.7 1,169.8 1,157.6 1,200.6 1,227.5
580.2 587.9 585.8 608.5
28.4
29.9
30.5
28.0
537.5 553.5 541.9 561.6

816.0

838.6

816.9

399.3
12.1
404.6

406.7

397.5

857.6
419.4

12.4
419.5

406.5

13.3
424.9

642.3
221.6
420.7

650.0
228.7
421.3

638.1
210.8
427.3

661.0
227.6
433.4

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171

172
173
174
175
176

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
See footnotes at end of table.

64



762.9
261.0
501.9

770.9
268.6
502.3

756.0
251.0
505.0

779.0
267.4
511.6

85.9
137.0

794.0

79.4

12.9

436

9.0
12.7

4,121

2,922.5 3,001.4 3,046.7 3,156.5 3,235.4 2,289.0 2,364.6 2,393.7 2,493.3
634.6 652.4 660.0 679.3
463.1 479.8 481.8 499.9
176.7
177.2 190.9
172.7
144.5
148.7
147.6
159.0
521.2 537.8 545.6 562.4
403.0 419.3 423.0 438.2
415.9 430.2 448.5 472.9
357.7 371.0 386.2 409.4
197.5 225.7 234.9
190.7
141.4
148.4
172.0
181.1
211.7 219.3 220.9 226.4
170.5
177.8
178.1
183.3
18,082 17,956 17,975 18,136 18,024 12,346 12,230 12,370 12,501 12,397

Manufacturing
Durable goods

July
1994P

,

24
241
242
2421
., 2426

243

2431
2434
2435

2436
, 244
, 245
2451
249

25
251
2511
2512
2514

2515

10,206 10,105 10,226 10,312 10,211

6,842

6,747

6,945

7,015

6,925

745.0

584.0
65.2
158.8
126.7
30.4
202.5
80.6
54.8
20.5
25.6
39.1
50.7
39.8
67.7

587.6
68.1
158.1

599.2
60.3

614.2
63.6
162.2
128.8
31.7
218.3
87.0
60.0
21.0
25.9
40.9
59.0
47.2
70.2

615.9

385.1
232.2
105.8
76.1
17.4
21.8

375.1
223.2
101.0
74.6
15.2

395.4
236.5

388.6

741.7
77.4
186.7
148.6

708.8
80.4
182.7
146.0
34.7
251.9
103.0

713.2
83.3
182.6
146.4
34.2
253.3
103.8

69.0
23.9

69.0
23.5

146.0
35.6
263.4
106.9
73.2
24.3

28.3
46.1
64.7
48.1
83.0

28.5
46.2

28.5
47.2

65.6
49.0
82.2

71.2
54.9

36.0
270.5
110.7
74.5
24.3
29.0
47.9
73.1
56.0

84.9

86.1

477.2
268.2
118.0
89.4
19.1
28.7

493.6

498.8
282.3
123.7

487.5
278.1
123.2
91.3

21.6
28.6

724.5
74.1
183.7

281.9
122.9
92.9
22.8
30.3

92.6
21.9
30.8

492.6

126.9
29.6
203.8
81.2
54.8
20.1
25.9
39.1
51.4
40.6
67.1

21.8

159.5
126.5
31.3
212.8
84.1
59.0
21.0
25.5
40.1
57.3
46.2
69.2
391.4
236.3
105.3
78.4
18.8
23.2

106.1
78.0
18.0
23.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

252
253
254
259

60.5
37.8
75.7
35.4

60.7
36.1
76.9
35.3

61.5
38.4
76.6
35.2

62.3
39.4
79.0
35.8

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322

525.2
14.4
77.2
35.6
41.6
59.5
18.4
32.7
39.4
195.5
17.0
64.1
97.5
74.6
19.7
3.0
22.3

523.9
14.5
77.1
35.5
41.6
58.0
18.5
32.5
39.0
196.6
17.0
64.1
98.6
74.3
19.7
3.0
22.2

532.3
14.3
76.5
33.7
42.8
59.4
17.8
32.4
40.1

540.2
14.6
75.9
33.3
42.6
60.1
18.4
32.7
40.6
208.1
18.0
67.2

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312

680.5
239.0

671.5

678.4

238.1
173.8

229.6
166.9
25.4

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee

34
341
3411
342
3423,5

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

3317
332

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469

174.3
25.7
119.3
75.8
5.1
24.5

41.9
24.0
160.6
21.7
24.3
68.4
78.5

22.1

25.6
115.0
72.4
5.2
24.0
41.8
23.8
159.8
21.8
23.9

67.8
75.9
21.1

203.0
17.5
65.6
102.9
75.3
19.7

2.9
22.2

123.5

77.9
5.4
25.7
39.7
22.5
162.5
21.8
23.3
70.8
81.2

23.1

July
1994"

539.1

105.6
76.2
20.0
2.9
22.6
683.9
230.4
167.7
25.7
125.5
78.8
5.8

676.8
230.2

26.1
39.6
22.4
163.3
22.2
23.1
71.1
83.1
23.8

1,335.8 1,317.9 1,355.7 1,371.7 1,354.1
40.9
42.5
41.9
40.3
33.1
34.4
34.0
32.7
124.1
122.6
128.5
126.8
42.0
41.3
43.5
43.8
70.4
69.4
72.6
71.4
55.9
55.8
58.9
58.4
24.4
24.2
25.1
25.1
18.5
18.8
20.1
19.7
394.1 395.4 396.8 403.7
67.3
67.0
67.7
66.4
71.3
72.4
75.2
73.9
98.0
96.7
94.9
94.6
96.7
97.8
101.5
99.3
25.3
25.7
26.4
25.6
91.9
90.8
94.4
95.4
45.9
45.2
48.8
48.4
46.0
45.6
46.6
46.0
219.8 210.2 228.0 229.9
29.7
28.8
28.4
29.7
93.3
105.8
100.5
105.6
77.4
83.4
79.3
81.8

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994"

43.6
30.3
55.4
23.6

43.6
28.5
56.2
23.6

45.1
30.4
55.8
23.8

45.4
31.3
57.9
24.3

405.8
11.3
65.0
31.9
33.1
45.0
14.2
25.4
30.8
149.1
10.9
47.8
77.0
55.2
14.5
2.4

404.2
11.3
64.7
31.8
32.9
43.5
14.3
25.2
30.5

419.7
11.4
63.4
30.0
33.4
45.4
14.1
25.5
32.3

150.0
11.0
47.9
77.7
55.1
14.5
2.3

412.0
11.1
63.4
30.1
33.3
44.8
13.5
25.2
31.9
155.6
11.3
48.8
82.0
56.9
15.1
2.4

518.7
182.5
133.8

509.5

521.3

181.5
133.5
18.6
90.8
57.5
4.2
18.7
31.6
18.5
115.6

174.0
127.4
18.9
100.2

17.7
120.9
16.8

523.8
173.4
127.4
19.2
101.7
64.5
4.4
21.0
29.7
17.5
121.3
17.1

19.1
95.3
61.1
4.1
19.2
31.8
18.8

116.3
16.5

16.5

63.9
4.3
20.6
29.9

49.3
60.6

16.3
52.6
65.9

16.1
52.7
67.0

17.7

16.7

18.8

19.3

985.6
36.6
30.1
92.4
31.5
52.9
39.6
18.2
11.9
279.6
47.8
51.7
66.5
72.6
17.8
70.4
37.2
33.2
175.1
22.0
85.0
59.9

417.5

159.9
11.7
50.4
84.2
57.9
15.5
2.4

16.1
49.8
63.0

15.8

July
1994P

517.2
173.5

969.1 1,010.7 1,025.6 1,007.9
36.3
35.0
34.4
29.9
28.7
28.2
91.0
96.9
95.4
30.8
33.7
33.4
52.1
55.0
53.9
39.3
42.5
42.2
17.9
19.0
19.0
11.9
13.2
12.9
280.7 285.6 291.8
48.8
47.4
47.8
55.7
52.8
54.3
66.3
65.4
66.0
76.9
73.6
74.9
18.7
18.0
18.1
73.9
69.6
73.3
39.4
36.8
39.3
34.5
32.8
34.0
184.2
182.6
165.8
22.9
22.9
21.6
89.4
89.4
77.8
64.0
62.5
58.3

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
See footnotes at end of table.

66



1987
SIC
Code

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349

3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561

3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

3575,8,9
358
3585

359
3592
3596,9
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

Production workers1

All employees
June
1993

117.2
73.2
44.0
59.4
35.2
230.9
24.9
53.3

July
1993

114.7
71.4
43.3
58.5
34.6
228.0
24.2
52.7

May
1994

118.3
73.5
44.8
54.7
31.8
238.0
24.7
55.0

June
1994P

July
1994P

120.2
74.7
45.5
54.6
31.4

239.6
24.6
55.3

June
1993

91.4
57.0
34.4
33.5
17.2
167.0
18.3
40.4

July
1993

88.9
55.2
33.7
33.0
16.9
164.5
17.9
39.9

May
1994

92.4
57.1
35.3
30.3
14.9
174.5
18.3
42.0

June
1994P

July
1994P

94.3
58.2
36.1
30.4
14.6
176.6
18.3
42.4

1,927.2 1,909.7 1,946.3 1,957.1 1,936.0 1,167.3 1,152.0 1,206.4 1,214.1 1,200.6
86.7
53.8
56.3
89.1
89.5
86.8
53.7
56.3
27.8
16.1
16.1
27.9
27.7
28.0
16.2
16.4
58.9
37.7
40.2
61.2
61.8
58.8
37.5
39.9
92.5 105.3 105.2
65.5
77.8
98.4
71.4
78.5
72.4
50.8
55.4
73.1
51.5
55.6
76.8
77.1
209.8 209.9 213.9 213.4
127.7 127.6 134.0 133.8
81.5
80.3
78.6
78.6
47.8
47.9
52.8
52.0
14.5
14.7
15.1
14.4
8.9
8.2
8.4
8.5
37.2
37.4
37.8
38.2
24.6
25.1
24.7
24.8
37.1
37.4
35.5
35.8
19.9
19.8
20.7
20.8
27.6
27.8
26.0
26.1
17.1
17.1
18.4
18.6
307.2 306.3 314.8 316.9
215.1 214.0 222.0 223.2
37.2
36.5
37.6
36.7
22.1
22.1
23.0
23.1
15.6
15.2
15.8
15.4
9.4
10.0
9.6
9.8
148.1
143.2
108.7
112.7 113.3
149.1
144.2
110.0
49.6
48.4
33.3
34.4
34.6
49.9
48.6
33.6
23.6
23.6
15.9
16.0
16.0
23.5
23.3
15.6
84.0
87.5
87.7
84.8
150.7
151.4
148.0
148.9
10.3
10.1
10.0
10.3
15.5
15.2
15.5
15.6
10.9
10.8
10.8
11.1
20.3
20.4
21.0
21.2
13.5
14.3
14.3
13.6
23.4
23.4
22.7
23.0
236.1 234.9 236.8 238.7
149.9
148.5
150.9 152.3
29.7
29.9
30.8
30.5
17.0
16.9
16.4
16.6
36.4
36.6
37.2
36.8
29.4
29.1
28.9
29.0
26.3
26.6
24.6
24.6
13.3
13.0
14.4
14.6
32.6
32.9
32.4
32.5
21.8
21.8
22.1
22.3
15.1
15.2
15.6
15.6
11.1
11.0
10.5
10.6
19.6
19.9
19.0
18.6
12.6
12.4
13.1
13.3
361.8 358.6 341.5 343.0
120.1 118.3 117.7 119.7
215.7 212.6 198.5 198.8
54.8
57.0
55.6
56.2

53.7
180.0
123.7
298.2
20.5
235.3

53.3
176.6
119.9
296.2
20.2
233.7

52.4
189.8
129.8
304.4

52.6
192.3
131.8
306.7

23.1
126.9
91.5
217.7

21.6
239.5

21.8
241.3

16.5
176.8

1,521.1 1,510.4 1,538.9 1,556.4 1,540.4
81.2
80.4
81.1
81.3
40.8
40.4
41.0
41.1
40.4
40.0
40.1
40.2
154.7 153.6 158.8 160.7
78.7
76.3
75.2
79.5
59.6
59.6
60.6
61.4
117.4 124.7 126.7
118.6
30.6
29.9
31.7
29.4
17.6
15.8
15.3
18.0
26.7
27.9
28.8
27.5

973.5
56.6
29.3
27.3
108.3
59.1
35.8
95.0
25.4
11.8
21.5

22.5
123.8
87.9
216.5
16.2
176.0

20.6
134.6
96.6
224.9

21.3
136.9
98.5
226.4

18.0
181.3

17.8
182.7

960.6
55.5
28.6
26.9
107.1
58.0
35.8
93.9
26.1
12.4
20.5

990.3 1,002.6
56.8
56.7
29.7
29.7
27.1
27.0
113.0
111.8
61.9
61.4
36.7
36.2
101.7
27.0
14.6
21.6

103.8
28.1
15.1
22.6

985.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

364
3641
3643

3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367

3671
3674
3679
369
3691

3694

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

3711

3713
3714
3715
372

3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374

376
3761

379
3792

...

June
1993

170.5
21.7

July
1993

169.4
21.4
61.2

110.2
527.0
25.2

108.8
523.5
24.3

212.4

214.2

106.2
529.5
24.8
218.4

127.6
150.6
25.5
64.7

126.3
148.8
25.3
64.5

69.0

June
1993

123.5
17.5
41.1
13.5
14.0
53.8
36.9
121.9
61.3
309.8
17.0
90.1
83.4
104.6
19.6
49.8

24.9
222.2
127.4

154.6
26.1
69.5

888.4

855.9

855.6

201.7

282.6
42.7

280.0
42.3
59.0
71.8

181.8
275.7
42.4

180.4
276.1
43.0
58.8

377.2
50.5
37.4
13.5
110.0
42.4
67.6
33.9
30.1
18.7
139.2
56.4

370.9
49.1
36.4
12.5
108.3
42.1
66.2
33.5
28.6
17.4
138.9
57.0

399
3993

127.3
153.3
25.6

July
1994P

178.3
21.8
63.3
19.8
19.2
85.2
60.4
234.0
105.8
535.6

894.6
204.4

8.5

3961

18.9
83.2

June
1994P

July
1993

121.9
16.9
40.6
13.6
13.6
53.7
37.4
119.7
59.5
305.3
16.3
90.6
82.3

103.5
19.4
49.8

May
1994

126.4
17.0
42.0
14.5
14.1
54.9
37.0
119.6
58.3
311.2
16.7
94.6
83.4
107.9
19.9
53.5

June
1994P

July
1994P

129.2
17.1
42.5
14.8
14.3
56.7
38.5
119.4
58.0
314.8
16.6
96.4
83.4
109.0
20.3
54.0

1,747.8 1,721.5 1,724.9 1,729.4 1,697.9 1,114.3 1,091.6 1,126.7 1,132.3 1,107.0
829.7 814.5 878.1 885.1 864.8 639.0 622.6 679.3 685.7 669.7
228.2 220.7 241.9 243.8
313.9 307.5 335.5 337.3
29.2
37.3
38.2
36.3
28.9
36.5
30.8
30.0
430.8 421.5 453.9 459.0
343.0 333.5 365.7 370.1
24.0
30.4
24.6
25.3
26.7
32.6
31.2
29.8
542.3 535.0 482.5 478.3 472.6 252.3 247.7 222.5 219.9
121.7 108.6 107.5
301.4 299.2 271.2 269.3
122.6
97.1
95.9
110.0 107.5
54.0
51.9
47.0
47.7
74.1
114.2
130.9
75.7
128.3
65.4
66.2
113.1
158.4
122.9 121.5 124.0 124.3
156.5 158.8 159.4
107.7
111.0
84.1
110.0
83.6
80.9
81.0
107.8
37.9
43.4
51.6
47.4
38.8
46.5
43.0
51.1
29.1
21.6
23.7
23.2
31.2
32.0
30.1
22.2
34.2
30.7
124.5 122.5 108.7 107.8
35.0
31.3
22.6
19.4
76.6
89.6
23.2
88.2
20.0
75.9
48.4
30.0
46.3
30.9
34.7
33.8
48.9
45.3
14.7
15.4
21.2
21.4
18.2
18.9
17.8
17.6

387

396

62.7
19.6
58.9
233.5

386

3949
395

174.8
21.7

59.2
235.6

18.9
18.2
81.7

110.3
96.3
38.9
90.7
8.4

393
394
3942,4

May
1994

61.5
18.9
18.6
81.5
58.4
237.0

60.0
72.6
269.6
110.6
96.9
38.9
90.6

39
391
3911

Production workers1

All employees

268.7

58.6
70.2
266.3

69.3
266.7

109.9
38.4
85.5
8.2

109.8
95.8
38.7
85.2
8.5

375.3
50.3
37.7
13.5

377.0
50.4
37.8
13.7

109.5
41.7
67.8
31.5
28.6
17.4

108.9
41.4
67.5
32.0
28.6
17.4

141.9
58.6

143.4
58.7

95.4

855.6

373.7

419.7
54.6

154.0
64.9
61.6
26.4
38.5
6.7

419.9
55.2
141.3
27.8
27.8
33.2
154.1
66.7
60.2
25.7
36.9
6.7

264.3
34.5
25.4
10.1
77.3
29.0
48.3
22.8
20.9
12.3
98.7
38.9

267.0
35.1
26.2
10.9
78.0
27.8
50.2
21.3
21.3
12.8
100.4
39.1

267.8
35.1
26.2
11.0
77.1
27.5
49.6
21.7
21.4
12.9

437.8
64.2
146.1
28.4
28.8
35.0

432.7
63.5
143.6
28.1
27.6
34.2

155.7
65.9
62.3
26.3
38.7
6.8
270.3
35.6
26.2
11.1
79.1
29.5
49.6
22.9
22.4
13.6
99.2
38.1

419.7

141.6
28.1
28.2
32.5
154.2
66.4
60.8
25.6
36.8
6.9

265.4

101.5
39.3

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
[j^j ^r ^yi ^KJ^j S

•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••I

Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Cigarettes
Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
See footnotes at end of table.

68



,
,

,
,

,

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207

Production workers1

All employees
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994"

7,876 7,851
7,749 7,824 7,813 5,504 5,483 5,425 5,486 5,472
1,673.2 1,710.9 1,626.7 1,663.9 1,707.8 1,218.0 1,254.7 1,184.1 1,215.4 1,256.1
441.6 440.7 439.2 444.7
374.6 378.1
375.1 375.3
133.3
135.4
137.3
113.0
112.7
114.2
115.1
133.1
69.4
68.6
68.1
90.8
67.7
89.1
88.9
88.5
215.4 216.2 217.6 220.6
195.7
193.3
193.0
192.3
154.4
158.0
157.7
98.6
96.5
100.2
151.7
100.6
33.3
32.6
40.8
33.3
40.0
41.6
41.3
33.6
36.4
36.2
36.8
37.1
68.8
70.4
70.3
68.6
197.9 231.9
238.9 274.6 224.5 242.3
183.9 200.5
18.6
18.0
23.4
22.0
18.3
17.5
21.8
21.4
90.1
58.1
104.6
61.3
55.2
75.5
71.8
69.0
46.2
45.7
46.2
39.6
52.5
53.0
52.1
45.8
89.4
90.6
89.3
89.1
125.7 125.2 125.3
127.6
13.3
13.2
13.2
13.2
19.7
19.5
19.8
19.5
26.6
26.7
26.2
25.9
41.5
41.4
41.8
42.0
209.5 209.6 209.5 211.3
138.7
136.6
135.1
134.8
150.7
150.3
91.1
90.5
90.1
90.1
150.3
150.5

59.0
96.6
5.5
4.9
8.0
50.3

31.6

59.3
95.8
4.7
5.0

7.9
49.8
31.6
181.9
40.5

59.2
93.4
6.2
4.7
7.8
48.1
31.3

60.6
94.9
6.1
4.7
7.6
49.7

44.7
74.6
4.6
3.5
6.8

39.7

6.7
39.0

21.0
83.0
25.0
36.6
140.8

20.8
82.7
25.0
36.7
145.7

126.7

85.4
25.0
38.7
132.0

45.0
73.2
3.8
3.6

46.1

71.4
4.9
3.3
6.5
37.7
20.8
84.5
24.8
38.0

47.6
72.2
4.8
3.3
6.3

38.6
20.6

208
2082

181.7
40.5

2086
209

96.3

96.8

188.0

193.0

96.4
174.5

31.1
179.9
37.9
98.3
180.0

21
211

40.2
30.1

39.5
29.8

37.0
27.5

36.1
27.0

35.1

29.3
22.6

28.5
22.3

27.8
21.4

27.1
20.9

26.3

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226

671.3
83.3
69.5
17.2
21.2
203.1
28.0
39.3
60.5
25.9
27.7
70.9
32.2
24.2
59.1
96.4
75.7
14.0
50.6

671.5
83.5
70.0
17.7
22.2
195.6
25.1
40.0
56.5
24.8
27.2
71.6
33.3
24.0
63.3
95.4
73.8
14.4
52.2

676.4
83.8
70.4
17.8
22.3
197.7
25.0
40.2
57.5
24.7
27.8
72.4
33.5
24.2
63.8
95.7
74.1
14.4
52.5

668.6

578.9
75.6
59.4
14.7
18.6
177.8
25.3
35.2
52.6
22.8
24.1
58.9
27.0
19.7
47.1
87.3
69.0
12.4
39.5

570.6
73.6
58.5
14.6
17.8
175.8
24.6
35.3
52.8
22.3
23.3
58.1
26.8
19.2
47.4
86.1
68.1
12.2
38.7

571.4
74.4
59.1
15.1
18.7
168.9
22.0
35.7
48.5
21.7
23.0
58.8
27.8
19.0
50.8
85.0
66.6
12.3
40.6

575.4
74.6
59.7
15.1
18.8
170.7
21.8
35.8
49.5
21.6
23.5
59.5
28.0
19.3
50.8
85.3
66.8
12.4
40.9

567.8

229

680.2
85.2
70.3
17.5
22.1
205.3
28.7
39.1
60.6
26.5
28.5
71.9
32.5
24.7
58.8
97.5
76.4
14.3
51.6

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337

999.0
42.4
277.7
66.7
82.6
41.9
306.6
32.9
52.8
37.0

965.9
41.2

960.4
41.0
264.6
60.9
79.1
41.2

965.7
41.0

932.8

836.9
35.2

806.4
33.7
230.7
52.6
70.6
35.8

807.5
34.2

777.2

2339

183.9

804.6
34.3
228.3
52.3
68.7
35.9
241.8
24.7
39.6
25.3
152.2

2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282

268.6
62.1
80.6
41.2
292.1
31.6
49.2
36.2
175.1

177.4
37.8

289.8
30.4
49.2
31.2
179.0

266.7
61.5
79.7
41.9
287.2
30.4
48.2
31.7
176.9

239.4
57.4
72.1
36.4
256.3
26.9
42.5
31.0

243.4
25.7
39.2
30.3

155.9

148.2

230.3
52.9
69.3
36.5
238.3
24.5
38.4
25.7
149.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1987
SIC
Code

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

239
2391
2392
2396

Production workers1

All employees
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June

1994P

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994"

43.5
35.0
8.5
37.4
15.3
33.6
168.0
17.1
42.9
43.6

44.1
35.5
8.6
38.8
15.8
33.2
170.8
17.5
43.0
44.5

526.0
132.7
40.1
166.8
93.4
15.1
39.8
175.9
22.7
28.2
18.3

524.7
132.2
39.7
165.5
92.6
15.1
39.4

515.8
128.4
38.3

522.7
130.2
38.9
166.8
95.0
14.8
39.3
176.9
22.5
28.8
18.3

521.2

1,513.4 1,511.5 1,524.0 1,526.3 1,528.2
452.4 452.1
450.2 453.6
127.4 128.1 128.9
127.7
120.4 120.4 124.9 124.6
86.5
83.5
83.6
86.2
38.1
36.9
36.8
38.7
79.7
79.5
81.1
79.6
534.4 533.9 546.4 545.1
348.3 347.9 354.3 354.5
166.9 166.5 172.3 171.0
45.2
46.4
46.4
45.2
68.2
68.6
69.1
67.6
54.6
56.3
56.6
54.3

837.7

834.2

838.5

836.8

157.9
44.6
66.0
36.0
30.0

157.0
43.7
65.3
35.3
30.0
38.1
387.4
251.3

1,087.7 1,086.5 1,053.4 1,061.4 1,059.3

52.4
40.5
11.9
44.2
18.0
41.0
206.2
21.7
50.6
53.9

53.3
41.1
12.2
45.7
18.6
40.9
209.6
22.1
50.9
54.9

696.6

693.4
172.9
51.8
211.4

681.2

688.7
168.8
50.6
213.3

122.4
17.1
48.8
243.8
46.7
37.4
23.7

125.1

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285

287
289

56.9
92.1

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

154.3

154.2
113.0
28.6

148.5
108.5
27.7

150.0

112.9

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

912.8
81.9
11.8

903.0

931.3

81.2
11.2

82.2

940.8
80.7
11.5

60.4
23.9

60.4
23.6

279

July
1993

44.1
35.8
8.3
41.2
17.5
33.3
162.3
16.7
42.5
39.8

53.5
41.8
11.7
48.5
20.5
41.4
199.4
21.1
49.9
49.6

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

2759
276
278

June
1993

44.7
36.2
8.5
42.0
17.7
34.9
166.8
17.2
42.8
42.2

54.2
42.3
11.9
49.6
20.7
42.9
204.2
21.5
50.4
51.9

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

2731
2732
274
275
2752

July
1994P

173.5
52.2
213.5
123.7
17.2

49.4
243.8
46.7
37.7
23.7

166.7
49.7
211.6
16.5
47.9
240.2
46.0
37.9
23.7

16.7
48.2
243.0
46.3
38.2
23.5

135.9
87.9
167.1

135.9
87.9
166.4

130.4
84.0
159.2

131.0
84.2
160.9

81.5
57.5

81.2

78.8

57.1
267.2

52.9

80.2
53.4
266.2

267.0
218.3
157.6
44.7
43.7
69.2

286

58.8
152.3

2865

26.3
123.1

28.9

218.3
158.0
44.7

43.9
69.4
59.2
152.1
26.3
123.0
56.1

91.6

103.8

101.9

654.9

648.3

263.8

216.4
151.6
42.0
43.8
65.8
57.8

144.0
25.8
115.5

56.9
89.7

11.3
63.0
24.9
104.7
670.1

687.2

835.8
155.0
42.4

67.7
36.4
31.3
38.5

393.3
254.1

155.6
42.5
67.5
36.6
30.9
38.1

394.3
254.9

123.3
32.2
52.0
39.6

123.5
32.1
53.0

41.3

32.6
52.0
41.1

573.7
58.5
39.4
104.6
50.6
35.0
117.2
97.4
96.9
27.1
25.2
44.6
30.9
78.8
15.0
61.7
32.6
54.2

574.0
58.3
39.3
104.6
50.6
34.9
117.3
97.3
97.5
26.8
25.6
45.1
31.3
79.3
15.0
62.2
32.0
53.7

573.4
55.3
35.9
106.5
50.2
38.0
121.6
101.9
94.0
24.2
25.8
44.0
30.4
79.4
14.7
62.7
33.3
52.9

577.6
55.4
36.1
107.6
51.5
37.9

150.7

101.7
72.8
22.4

101.3
72.6
22.2

97.1
69.8
20.9

98.2
69.9
21.9

98.4

933.0

706.2
60.7
9.6
45.0
18.4
78.4
512.5

697.3
60.0
9.2
44.9
18.1
76.8
506.4

723.9
59.7
9.4
48.0
19.5
80.2
526.6

731.9
58.4
9.5
48.6
19.8
81.1
534.3

725.6

217.9
153.8
42.6
44.3
66.9
58.6
143.8
26.0
115.1
56.7

90.4
108.8
28.8

63.6
25.1
105.7
679.3

38.2
387.6
251.7
120.4
32.4
52.6

176.8
22.8
28.1
18.2

165.0
94.3
14.5
39.0
174.0
22.1
28.3
18.5

120.3

39.5
575.2

122.1

102.0
95.8
24.8
26.2
44.8
31.0
79.4
14.9
62.5
32.7
53.6

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation

,

Production workers1

All employees
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

118.7
15.4
63.0
30.7
21.7
11.1
12.4

114.4
14.9
60.7
30.1
21.1
10.5
11.7

114.5
15.1
60.6
28.7
20.6
10.2
12.2

115.1
15.0
60.5
28.4
20.6
10.5
12.5

110.4

5,824

5,797

5,844

5,880

5,855

3,607

3,580

3,670

3,695

3,668

252.9
220.2

255.2
222.2

245.6
213.4

248.5
215.9

250.8

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

41
411
412

374.8
172.1

321.8
171.5

386.1
178.6

330.7

29.2

413
415

29.4
22.5

398.8
176.0
30.2

21.9

23.1

120.2

70.9

139.5

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services

44
444
449
, 45
451
4512
458

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services

48
, 481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

49
491
492
493
495

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
See footnotes at end of table.

70



,
,

50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

29.7
23.4
124.5

May
1994

June
1994P

91.2
12.5
49.9
22.3

18.5
8.2
8.9

18.0
8.1

17.7
7.7
8.3

4,879

4,851

4,897

4,927

343.6
156.6

291.0
155.8

367.0
160.0

354.6
162.2

20.0

19.4

20.8

21.1

52.1
24.2

40
4011

July
1993

91.5
12.2
50.0
23.8

95.3
12.7

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

June
1993

7.9

91.6
12.4
49.8
22.2
17.5

July
1994P

87.3

7.9
8.6

1,690.2 1,708.8 1,739.4 1,771.3 1,786.6 1,465.5 1,482.1 1,510.4 1,538.1
1,562.4 1,580.7 1,607.9 1,637.8
1,359.1 1,375.7 1,400.1 1,426.4
127.0 128.9
102.8
123.7
102.8
106.3
107.6
124.0
170.6
12.1
111.7

172.1

743.1
610.4
502.3
100.5

732.0
602.6
486.7

732.5
602.6
487.1

97.4

97.6

18.7

18.7

17.6

18.0

357.8
185.8
149.9
138.2

356.8
185.7
150.0
137.3

365.7
195.2
158.4
137.7

2,217

2,217

2,174

172.7

175.2

13.5

13.1

110.8

113.0

740.1
608.5
500.5
99.6

177.1

11.9
111.9

98.2

100.0

18.1

14.5

14.5

13.6

14.0

366.7
194.5
157.9
138.8

368.8

281.4
146.0
116.6
107.1

279.1
145.2
116.1
106.0

289.4
155.9
125.5
106.7

289.5
155.1
125.0
107.1

2,185

2,187

983.1
662.0
617.0
192.0

981.8
660.8
615.2
192.9

958.7
635.4
581.9
192.8

963.9
638.9
583.9
193.9

114.4

113.6

117.0

117.5

100.0

736.3

1,262.4 1,260.7 1,251.4 1,257.2 1,254.8
873.3 871.4 857.2 860.9
812.2 809.6 785.7 787.6
229.6 230.3 230.5 232.0
114.2 114.1 112.1 113.4
115.4 116.2 118.4 118.6
135.3 134.7 138.9 139.1
954.2
433.2
163.1
191.8
134.9

956.4
433.1
163.7
192.3
135.8

922.7
418.0
159.2
181.7
133.2

928.1
419.0
161.1
182.8
134.0

932.6

752.1
338.2
128.0
145.6
115.7

755.7
339.8
128.3
146.3
116.5

727.0
324.4
123.5
140.4
114.8

732.9
326.4
125.4
141.2
115.5

5,991

6,004

6,043

6,088

6,093

4,835

4,847

4,872

4,919

3,427
451.4
112.2
268.5

3,434
454.8
112.8

3,452
465.8
116.5
277.3
146.2

3,475
469.6
116.9

3,477

2,736
363.4

2,745
367.3

2,757
377.3

2,781
380.8

108.8

109.7

115.6

116.6

136.9
63.0
73.9

271.1
137.7
63.1
74.6

67.3
78.9

280.7
147.5
67.5
80.0

4,922

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC
Code

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085

509
5093
51
511
5112
512

513
514
5141
5147
5148
515

516
517
5171

5172
518
5181
5182

519
5191

Production workers1

All employees
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

229.4
121.4
37.0
738.2
186.2
251.9
167.2
135.4
443.2
195.0

218.8
113.8
34.9
759.1
185.5
283.3
156.9
132.2
446.4
193.7
49.2
203.5
266.5
93.1
107.1
726.1
72.8
114.1
290.5
138.0
289.6
105.8

221.1
115.0
34.9
757.7
185.6
278.7
159.1
132.5
445.9
193.7
49.1
203.1
268.5

73.4
114.0
291.0
137.8
289.9
106.4

95.8
109.5
716.6
72.9
113.5
288.9
134.8
302.9
111.1

2,564
244.3
133.6
199.6
205.9

2,570
245.6
134.5

2,591
257.1
142.9

199.7

197.4
200.3

852.6
274.5
60.0
100.3
111.4
142.1
164.7
67.4

857.0
276.1

97.3
149.9
98.2
51.7
493.8
163.2

93.4
107.7
725.6

205.9
59.9

47.3
200.9
274.4

865.6
277.4
60.3

100.0
110.8
141.1

97.0
110.8

165.6
67.9
97.7

170.4

151.4

99.3
52.1

492.4
161.0

136.3
69.6
100.8
150.4
99.0
51.4
502.4
170.1

June
1994P

232.2
122.6
37.3
741.0
186.9
252.1
167.4
136.8
444.6
195.8
47.0
201.8
276.7
96.4
110.5
720.6
73.6
114.9
289.4
135.5
306.1
113.0
2,613
259.2
143.6
198.9
201.6
879.8
280.4
60.9
103.1
111.1
137.2
171.9
70.5
101.4
154.0
101.8

813.3
465.2
66.3
157.5

810.8
473.1

862.6
500.3
68.1
159.2
103.9

2,616

52.2
499.5
166.2

19,886 19,864 20,189 20,481

Retail trade

July
1994P

877.3
515.6
68.6
160.6
100.0

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

178.1

180.2

187.9

190.9

614.5

613.7

590.7

593.2

128.8
105.4
347.2

130.6
105.7
347.1

136.2
108.8
345.3

137.3
109.9
347.2

212.8

215.2

221.0

223.4

573.4

572.9

565.9

570.6

232.8

233.1

244.5

248.3

2,099
198.7

2,102
199.5

2,115
210.9

2,138
212.1

165.6
162.4
718.8

165.4
162.3
723.8

161.9
157.1
722.8

162.6
158.5
737.9

90.6
107.2
132.7

89.7
106.3
132.6

90.0
102.8
138.0

90.4
104.0
139.3

122.9

123.9

122.7

125.6

399.7

398.5

408.6

407.1

20,487 17,541 17,510 17,755 18,031 18,013
872.9

678.3
394.1

674.9
400.7
52.0
129.0
71.2

720.7
424.2
52.8
131.5
87.5

735.0
439.4
53.2
133.2

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,396.9 2,407.3 2,362.4 2,390.6 2,402.6 2,238.7 2,245.7 2,204.1 2,230.0
1,935.8 1,945.2 1,921.3 1,945.7
2,055.8 2,068.6 2,042.8 2,069.0
137.9 136.5 119.6 119.9
153.4 151.6 134.8 135.5
165.0
164.4
187.1
187.7
164.0
163.2
186.1
184.8

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,236.3 3,233.3 3,223.8 3,255.9 3,260.0 2,951.4 2,947.4 2,932.1 2,961.1
2,650.6 2,648.3 2,620.7 2,640.6
2,889.1 2,887.7 2,862.3 2,884.3
51.1
50.4
47.6
47.2
16.9
16.6
18.3
17.3
165.1 173.5 176.3
167.6
149.3 147.3 153.7 155.8

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,031.4 2,049.2 2,141.0 2,166.8 2,181.7 1,691.1 1,707.3 1,784.7 1,807.4
909.7 917.2 969.4 978.2
758.1 764.8 808.6 816.1

97.1

66.4
156.9
86.7

July
1994P

51.4
129.6
81.6

83.4

See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

1987
SIC

553
554
559

All employees
June
1993

344.5
620.5
6.9

July
1993

347.6
625.8
6.8

May
1994

361.6
630.4
5.6

Production workers

June
1994P

366.7
637.9
5.5

July
1994P

-

1,137.8 1,139.7 1,123.0 1,135.0 1,135.4
_
85.2
86.4
84.7
85.0
358.9 353.0 351.5
360.1
_
310.9 313.6 311.4 319.6
210.7 211.4 207.0 209.4
-

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

273.0
534.7
5.8

276.1
539.9
5.8

289.0
543.4
4.7

293.6
550.1
4.7

_
-

936.0
69.8
293.8
267.2
165.4

937.8
68.6
292.4
269.6
166.4

913.8
67.6
284.2
265.1
160.8

925.9
68.3
283.5
272.7
163.0

_
_
_
_
-

662.4
361.7
_
60.0
240.7
101.0
52.7

665.9
364.1
60.2
241.6
102.0
52.7

705.7
391.9
_
57.4
256.4
111.1
53.5

713.0
395.8
_
58.0
259.2
113.3
53.7

_
_
_
_
-

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys* clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

Eating and drinking places

58

7,028.5 6,985.6 7,139.8 7,302.5 7,277.6 6,372.9 6,329.7 6,450.6 6,607.5

-

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
2,425.1 2,416.6 2,464.5 2,472.4 2,466.0 2,010.6 2,001.4 2,043.7 2,051.0
591
588.5
493.5 492.0 489.2 490.1
590.3
586.5 587.7
_
_
_
592
114.9
114.2
113.3
113.0
593
75.9
86.0
91.0
91.3
70.5
71.5
85.6
76.0
_
594
846.4 869.2 876.5
845.1
698.7
699.4 721.2 727.8
_
_
_
_
5941
162.6
159.4
177.3
180.6
_
_
_
_
_
5942
94.3
99.4
95.6
104.0
_
_
_
_
5943
69.8
69.0
72.5
72.1
_
_
_
5944
133.0
131.2
134.6
134.2
_
_
_
_
5947
199.5 202.6
192.2 200.0
_
_
_
_
5949
58.9
56.4
61.0
55.6
596
277.1 273.2 263.3 265.9
235.2 231.1 221.9 223.4
_
_
5961
153.7
143.7
156.6
142.2
_
_
_
_
_
5962
70.0
72.4
72.4
71.5
_
96.1
598
95.5
97.7
80.8
98.2
79.8
79.2
80.3
599
417.6 412.1 443.3 439.1
340.9 334.6 363.3 360.9
_
136.1
5992,3,4
131.8
153.6
141.1
61.1
5995
49.4
61.0
62.3
47.8
61.8
48.1
50.1
5999
220.4 219.3 227.9 235.7
181.9
176.2
178.3
190.8

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
614
615
616

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exchanges
Security and commodity services
Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices
See footnotes at end of table.

72



62
621
622,3
628
67
671

816.7
445.8
267.2
73.8
297.1
123.3
65.7

821.2
448.5
269.1
74.1
298.6
124.7
66.2

872.0
483.4
291.4
71.1
317.5
136.3
67.7

880.0
487.5
293.8
71.5
321.0
137.9
68.4

891.2
_
_
_
-

6,769

6,800

6,790

6,867

6,886

3,229

3,244

3,253

3,280

3,283

4,923
-

4,959
-

4,945
-

5,016
-

2,093.8 2,098.4 2,035.3 2,051.2 2,055.0 1,516.4 1,522.3 1,466.3 1,481.4
1,510.0 1,515.3 1,482.6 1,497.9
1,078.0 1,083.7 1,052.7 1,067.0
620.0 622.8 615.4 624.4
444.5 447.9 440.7 449.0
890.0 892.5 867.2 873.5
633.5 635.8 612.0 618.0
_
_
316.3
314.6 279.1 277.6
169.0
167.8
148.1
149.2
_
_
147.3
146.8
129.9
129.5
144.1
144.5
146.7
147.9
116.3
115.1
114.6
117.5
445.0
127.3
81.4
218.3
467.4
356.2
23.2
88.0
223.1
104.1

449.1
128.0
81.1
221.8
472.9
361.1
23.3
88.5
224.0
104.5

485.9
131.4
79.5
255.6
500.4
383.0
25.6
91.8
231.6
103.3

486.6
133.5
79.7
253.9

482.0
-

507.7
388.2

510.5
-

26.5
93.0

_

234.8
104.5

235.0
-

360.3
95.2
_
-

5,036
_
_
-

335.6
94.7
_
-

339.7
95.1

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

57.5

_
60.3

61.4

-

_

_

_

-

-

-

56.8

-

_
-

-

359.9
97.2
_
-

-

_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

1987
SIC
Code

63,64

Production workers1

All employees
June
1993

2,188

July
1993

2,193

y
1994
2,185

June
1994P

2,193

July
1994P

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

2,194

1,522.6 1,527.7 1,522.0 1,527.5 1,526.5 1,046.6 1,055.3 1,073.5 1,081.5
564.9 564.9 548.6 549.1
352.8 356.3 358.1 360.4
278.9 280.6 285.9 287.4
227.9 228.9 231.5 233.5
185.9 187.4
217.9 219.2 224.5 225.6
182.3 183.3
545.5 546.1 534.7 539.5
356.3 357.7 357.2 362.4
76.8
91.9
74.5
90.4

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
6324
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

665.5

665.3

663.0

665.9

667.3

65
651
653
655

1,352
576.9
622.0
119.2

1,363
581.5
629.5
118.5

1,352
570.7
626.6
118.6

1,394
587.5
649.3
121.6

1,409

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

June
1993

30,476 30,622 31,706 32,052 32,189 26,627 26,764 27,712 28,030 28,128

Services
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,677.4 1,709.2 1,616.9 1,711.4 1,741.2
1,609.5 1,629.3 1,564.3 1,632.1
1,424.4 1,442.9 1,377.3 1,444.6

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,108.7 1,098.7 1,109.1 1,101.8 1,092.7
427.4 425.9 432.2 436.6
72.2
72.2
77.0
77.2
385.5 384.5 382.8 381.4
87.6
87.9
88.9
89.2
109.1
109.9
116.5
99.2

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

5,781.9
229.1
153.7
115.5
246.4
56.5
836.4
79.1
757.3
217.5
32.1
39.0
146.4
1,910.3
248.1
1,662.2
898.2
187.4
144.0
110.7
210.9
49.0
41.8
1,328.5
483.5
41.5
72.4

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

574.0
148.7
380.7

949.1
172.6
105.7
61.0
537.2
185.4
225.7

570.7
149.9
375.7

5,826.0
229.8
154.7
116.1
248.7
56.8
833.7
79.0
754.7
219.6
32.5
39.8
147.3
1,945.6
255.6
1,690.0
907.2
189.5
146.5
111.8
212.5
49.3
41.4
1,325.3
484.5
42.0
72.6

598.0
149.0
404.3

6,341.2
236.4
158.4
115.5
277.6
62.4
867.4
81.5
785.9
233.9
36.1
41.5
156.3
2,285.6
312.8
1,972.8
968.4
203.6
151.2
118.5
227.3
55.2
42.2
1,356.4
502.4
41.2
71.2

621.2
153.1
421.9

618.2

483.6
124.2
323.0

480.4
125.0
318.5

505.7
124.3
344.8

526.7
127.8
361.0

379.9

377.8

382.2

386.8

344.7

343.1

343.0

340.9

97.4

91.0

92.1

82.2

6,462.7 6,523.8 5,126.4 5,168.9 5,647.4 5,761.5
176.1
172.7
167.3 168.1
239.9
160.6
115.5
278.3
51.0
51.1
46.2
46.5
62.7
751.3 747.9 778.6 793.9
883.7
64.2
65.9
62.4
62.6
83.1
688.9 685.3 714.4 728.0
800.6
186.9
192.9
174.6
176.1
239.8
29.3
28.1
25.2
25.5
36.9
36.0
35.1
33.7
32.9
42.6
127.6
123.7
116.5 116.9
160.3
2,356.8 2,394.9
322.5
1,611.2 1,639.2 1,916.8 1,978.0
2,034.3
727.4 735.7 784.9 793.5
979.2
154.4
156.3
173.6
171.6
205.9
152.7
90.4
84.0
88.6
83.1
120.4
228.1
42.7
42.2
39.4
39.0
56.3
35.0
35.5
34.9
34.7
43.1
1,165.7 1,162.7 1,189.4 1,200.0
1,369.5
469.6
450.8 452.3
502.3
35.7
35.3
35.6
35.7
41.7
71.6

955.4 1,031.8 1,049.5 1,055.6
173.7
189.6
194.8
117.1
106.7
121.0
61.3
60.1
62.7
543.4 584.8 593.4
186.8 202.7 205.4
229.5 245.7 249.6

780.3
138.7
85.2
54.2
434.5
151.2
184.0

787.8
140.3
86.1
53.3
441.7
153.7
187.6

849.6
154.0
96.4
54.6
473.7
166.9
199.0

865.5
159.5
100.1
55.9
480.4
168.6
202.2

See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
OOOo

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

Production workers1

All employees
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

754
7542

178.3
103.6

178.2
102.0

196.1
114.2

198.6
115.8

-

152.9
90.9

152.5
89.6

167.3
100.3

169.7
102.0

-

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

364.4
110.4

366.9
111.6

378.0
115.8

382.4
117.0

385.2
-

296.1
-

299.0
-

305.6
-

309.6
-

-

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

414.7
145.8
120.3
133.1

418.7
147.6
121.9
134.0

468.3
196.3
114.3
141.9

483.6
200.8
123.7
143.1

494.0
-

343.0
115.6
109.0

349.0
118.6
_
110.3

389.1
160.9
116.8

402.5
164.1
117.9

_
-

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

1,408.7 1,445.8 1,329.4 1,458.7 1,480.0 1,249.0 1,281.4 1,168.6 1,292.7
73.5
63.7
73.1
64.6
75.2
72.8
66.1
82.3
971.9 837.9 961.6
1,044.2 1,084.6 947.1 1,077.0
934.3
_
127.3
129.5
112.7
113.5
116.8
115.8
126.3
129.6
278.3
330.9
355.5 368.4 316.4 371.9
316.0 328.5

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

8,781.3
1,514.9
560.1
354.7
154.7
1,579.0
1,129.3
223.4
226.3
3,801.8
3,498.8
97.8
205.2
190.0
460.9

8,814.6
1,521.3
562.6
359.2
157.4
1,584.6
1,133.7
223.3
227.6
3,808.2
3,504.7
96.6
206.9
192.3
466.5

8,988.8
1,552.3
585.9
386.3
166.6
1,620.9
1 161.2
227.9
231.8
3,782.4
3,483.3
94.5
204.6
200.5
527.6

Legal services

81

944.7

945.7

935.9

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

1,526.6 1,466.1 1,771.8 1,578.4 1,509.7
479.7 451.8 513.3 494.7
841.6 805.8 1,047.5 875.3
75.5
74.1
71.8
77.2
-

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,075.4 2,094.5 2,242.1 2,238.4 2,245.0 1,794.4 1,818.1 1,940.3 1,937.2
507.9 509.9
562.8 575.3
488.1
500.3
585.0 587.5
287.9 306.6 290.5 304.9
243.3 260.6 244.7 257.5
_
464.8 442.7 555.6 529.2
410.5
389.5 491.2 467.2
540.7
574.0 577.0 609.8 620.7
502.5 504.8
531.2
196.1
150.0
162.9
165.3
161.9
185.9 192.9 201.2
-

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
862
863
864

2,067.1 2,098.6 2,046.8 2,085.0 2,122.8
105.4
105.7
107.2
106.1
55.3
53.5
54.8
53.1
136.7
137.1
136.8
141.8
465.7 501.7 444.8 476.7
-

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

See footnotes at end of table.

74



81.4

82.4

81.9

9,049.0 9,076.0 7,798.9 7,824.4 7,963.4
1,562.6
1,240.8 1,243.8 1,268.6
_
592.3
512.7
489.9 492.7
391.7
296.4
319.0
292.3
_
_
167.7
1,634.9
1,425.7 1,430.6 1,459.7
_
_
_
1,171.6
_
230.1
201.4 201.0 204.5
233.2
3,799.5 3,806.5 3,488.1 3,492.0 3,460.0
_
3,499.5
95.0
_
_
_
205.0
_
_
202.1
533.5
427.4 433.0 489.5
955.8

85.5

958.7

86.7

763.5

763.9

749.9

_
_
-

_
_
_
-

_
_
-

-

8,020.5
1,277.5
518.5
323.9
1,474.2
_
206.7
3,477.5
_
493.0
768.2

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

-

-

-

-

37.7
_
-

_
38.9
_
-

39.3
_
-

_
-

2,544.8 2,553.8 2,592.3 2,613.7 2,624.4 1,950.2 1,958.0 1,990.9 2,012.3
797.8
770.2 772.8 781.8
633.6 636.5 643.7 657.9
517.7
605.2 606.9 611.4 622.2
501.9 504.2
508.1
120.7
89.7
89.3
91.5
94.1
114.6 114.4
117.7
50.4
54.9
44.1
51.5
52.7
42.0
43.0
46.1
500.6 500.0 519.6 516.8
365.4 363.0 379.6 377.5
-

_
_
-

_
38.2
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee

1987
SIC
Code

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89

Government
4

June
1993

4

June
1994P

July
1994P

582.8
244.4
106.2
148.9
698.2
263.3
227.6
32.1

576.4
237.7
112.6
145.1
714.5
264.6
234.6
33.2

584.6
240.1
114.5
147.9
714.5
264.6
234.7
33.3

41.4

41.0

39.9

40.7

40.9

18,873 17,829 19,402 19,091

17,996

2,928

2,873

2,883

3731

87.9
50.3

86.7
49.5

78.4
43.9

111
43.2

806

31.3
393.5
233.2

31.2
394.8
234.5

29.3
383.8
229.8

29.2
380.5
228.8

State government
Hospitals
82
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
806
Hospitals
82
Education
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions
Local government, except education

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

447.7
175.9

84.6
115.6
517.6
189.5
163.5
23.2

439.8
173.2
89.4
112.5
527.8
188.4
173.8
23.2

32.4

31.7

32.4

436.4
171.2

440.9
174.0

85.0
114.2
514.8
189.5
162.0
23.5
32.6

July
1994P

90.6
115.1
529.2
188.8
175.2
23.3

2,879

4,598 4,395 4,307
407.7 407.5
1,649.3 1,542.9 1,913.5 1,671.5 1,558.1

4,339

4,256

415.1

416.2

1,775.4 1,795.4 1,785.9 1,814.8
2,689.8 2,712.6 2,684.4 2,723.7 2,749.1
11,601 10,645 11,931 11,813 10,810
456.1 457.3 453.8 458.6
679.1 682.5 686.0 691.1
6,389.9 5,272.8 6,806.3 6,498.7 5,370.1
3,665.3 3,773.9 3,600.9 3,731.7
5,211.1 5,372.0 5,124.3 5,314.0 5,440.1

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to
civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and




May
1994

2,865.8 2,860.4 2,808.1
876.6 870.4 832.6
779.9 783.2 805.5
1,209.3 1,206.8 1,170.0
39.8
36.9
39.8
27.8
27.6
27.8

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

July
1993

579.1
242.9
106.9
147.0
694.9
262.9
226.1
32.5

2,933

Federal Government

Production workers1

All employees

the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1993 forward are subject to
revision.

75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Apr.
1993

May
1993

Mar.
1994

Apr.
1994

May
1994

53,311

53,584

54,188

54,564

54,903

Total private

42,883

43,146

43,601

43,967

44,253

Goods-producing

6,500

6,517

6,433

6,459

6,495

88

88

86

86

86

509

518

518

531

540

5,903

5,911

5,829

5,842

5,869

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
....
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,707
113
146
102
92
293
421
642
358
371
171

2,705
113
147
102
92
293
421
642
356
368
171

2,684
116
150
102
93
296
417
644
347
354
166

2,692
118
150
102
93
297
419
647
347
352
168

2,704
119
152
103
95
299
422
648
348
351
168

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products

3,196
518
13
323
772
167
672
336
24
307
65

3,206
522
13
324
773
168
672
338
24
308
65

3,145
516
12
317
731
163
677
330
24
312
64

3,150
516
12
318
732
163
679
330
24
314
64

3,165
521
11
318
736
164
680
332
24
316
64

46,811

47,067

47,755

48,105

48,408

1,689

1,699

1,697

1,694

1,712

1,806

1,817

1,828

1,835

1,846

10,244

10,398

10,280

10,442

10,614

4,225

4,237

4,275

4,284

4,287

18,419

18,478

19,088

19,253

19,299

10,428
1,210
2,300
6,918

10,438
1,212
2,273
6,953

10,587
1,198
2,333
7,056

10,597
1,198
2,339
7,060

10,650
1,198
2,313
7,139

Industry

Total

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
wnoiesaie i
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are

76



introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1993 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

(Donstructior l

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

1,718.5
418.6
163.1
197.1
143.0
67.6

1,737.0
425.0
161.2
201.0
145.3
70.4

1,744.2
427.6
160.5
202.3
145.5
69.2

10.8
3.0
()
1
()
(1)
2.6

10.0
2.9
()
2.4

264.0
120.5

258.3
120.5

267.9
123.5

10.4
3.3

9.7
3.1

1,554.9
1,045.8
269.1

1,634.0
1,097.9
284.0

1,616.9
1,087.5
279.5

12.5
4.5
2.3

12.0
4.3
2.1

996.9
114.9
88.1
272.7
34.6

1,018.0
121.3
88.1
277.7
34.9

1,022.4
121.6
88.5
278.4
34.9

12,060.6
172.8
252.4
3,717.6
120.7
872.4
1,126.0
733.3
552.9
108.2
951.4
907.5
793.0
144.4
144.2
155.0
142.9
227.3

11,966.7
172.2
255.8
3,682.2
121.5
861.5
1,117.7
744.9
557.7
106.7
931.4
902.4
784.0
142.3
146.7
154.6
140.0
226.0

11,991.3
174.7
255.6
3,675.9
121.9
859.3
1,122.1
742.0
561.6
107.0
934.2
903.1
784.9
142.9
147.8
154.7
141.6
226.4

1,677.8
134.5
915.4

1,702.0
138.2
923.9

1,543.1
176.7
83.2
586.9
238.7
186.7
81.3

Delaware
Wilmington-Newark

Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery

Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

June
1994P

June
1993

1

1

01
()

3.6

0)
(1)

2.6

81.5
22.3
5.8
14.2
6.9
4.2

10.0
3.1

13.2
7.0

12.9
6.6

14.4
7.6

12.1
4.4
2.1

89.1
60.3
15.5

102.1
69.8
18.1

103.5
70.7
18.5

3.5

39.4
4.4
3.0
12.3
1.1

39.8
4.7
3.2
12.4
1.0

41.7
4.8
3.3
12.8
1.0

451.4
8.3
13.2
99.2
7.3
39.8
44.2
39.0
27.3
3.2
39.2
25.6
26.4
4.8
8.0
6.0
8.9
9.4

458.6
8.5
13.7
98.7
7.2
40.4
44.1
39.6
28.3
3.2
39.8
25.9
27.1
4.9
8.5
6.3
9.2
9.8

0)
.9

34.7
11.3
.6
7.5

June
1994P

80.0
21.7
5.8
13.9
6.8
4.1

3.5

1.0

0
0

0
O

O

May
1994

80.0
21.0
6.0
14.2
6.8
3.9

10.3
2.9
()
1
()
1

O

(1)
.8

June
1993

June
1994P

May
1994

3.1
.9
1.3
.5
.3
.5
.7
.2
1.0
.6
.1
.4
2.2

3.1
.9
1.3
.5
.3
.5
.6
.2
1.0
.6
.1
.5
2.1

3.0
.9
1.3
.5
.3
.5
.6
.2
1.0
.7
.1
.5
2.1

453.5
8.7
12.9
99.3
6.9
40.4
45.2
39.5
25.6
3.6
40.7
26.1
26.5
5.0
7.6
6.2
8.9
9.2

1,721.7
138.3
929.6

15.9
(1)
8.5

15.0
(1)
8.0

15.1
(1)
8.0

89.0
5.3
48.2

84.5
5.3
43.0

89.7
5.6
44.8

1,538.4
173.9
83.3
590.2
233.3
184.2
79.8

1,545.8
174.8
84.7
591.6
233.5
186.3
80.3

1.0

ft1
()
0)
(11)
()
ft

49.1
5.1
2.8
19.6
7.7
5.1
2.7

46.8
4.9
3.0
21.1
8.3
4.8
2.7

48.4
5.0
3.0
21.2
8.5
5.1
2.9

354.3
271.6

358.3
274.8

364.4
275.7

.1
.2

.1
.2

.1
.2

19.1
14.6

18.8
14.1

19.9
14.7

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

670.9
2,337.1

662.9
2,335.0

666.1
2,347.8

.1
.8

.1
.8

.1
.9

8.4
104.5

8.6
105.5

8.8
107.7

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Trtusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

5,571.8
136.5
543.7
130.1
98.4
441.5
150.2
166.3
892.9
654.6
136.7
208.0
130.5
894.6
364.7

5,765.2
140.2
562.0
137.2
103.0
449.9
156.9
170.2
925.6
677.9
138.9
214.5
135.9
924.5
375.4

5,754.9
140.3
561.6
137.0
101.2
451.0
156.5
170.1
923.7
683.0
139.1
213.4
133.5
921.8
371.4

6.2

286.5
7.4
31.2
11.1
3.7
23.2
7.1
8.1
37.7
33.2
8.6
9.5
5.0
40.9
20.8

299.3
7.2
31.7
11.9
3.4
24.8
7.2
8.3
40.0
35.8
9.6
9.6
5.2
40.9
21.0

299.4
7.3
31.5
11.8
3.4
24.8
7.3
8.4
39.8
35.8
9.6
9.7
5.3
40.9
20.7

California
BakersfiekJ
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

ft

.9

ft

.2

2.6
.4

ft
ft
ft
ft

6.2

ft
ft
ft
ft
ft

.2

2.6
.4

ft
ft
ft
ft
ft

2.6
.4

.5

.5

ft

.2

ft
ft
ft
ft

ft
ft
ft
ft
.4

ft

ft1
(1)
(1)
()
0)
ft

ft1
(1)
(1)
()
O
ft

6.0

ft
ft
ft

ft

ft

1.0

ft

32.2
10.4
.6
6.8

32.1
10.4
.6
6.8

ft

See footnotes at end of table.




77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilitiesi

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994?

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

386.9
51.2
38.2
28.0
17.7
10.5

383.9
52.2
37.3
28.1
17.9
10.8

386.6
52.5
37.6
28.2
17.8
10.8

85.5
29.9
3.2
11.5
6.1
2.3

84.9
29.3
3.3
10.9
6.0
2.2

85.5
29.5
3.3
11.1
6.2
2.2

377.6
101.9
30.4
50.2
32.4
14.9

383.0
103.3
30.9
52.1
32.8
15.0

385.9
103.9
31.1
52.8
33.2
15.2

19.8
2.0

15.0
1.8

18.8
2.0

24.4
12.8

23.8
12.5

24.6
13.1

50.9
26.7

51.5
27.5

53.5
28.1

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

174.2
133.9
24.1

177.9
135.1
26.7

180.2
136.7
27.1

78.4
55.2
11.4

78.8
55.8
11.2

79.8
56.3
11.4

381.5
253.8
63.2

397.2
267.6
65.0

396.9
267.1
64.9

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

244.7
32.1
26.3
33.5
7.2

249.4
33.4
27.1
33.7
7.4

252.6
33.8
27.5
34.0
7.6

56.8
7.9
5.0
17.4
2.1

56.5
8.2
5.3
17.6
1.9

57.1
8.2
5.4
17.6
1.9

221.8
29.6
17.5
63.4
7.2

225.3
32.1
17.6
65.3
7.3

226.7
32.2
17.5
65.6
7.2

1,804.6
10.2
29.0
664.4
22.5
103.5
210.8
86.4
35.5
9.1
116.4
74.9
230.5
18.7
20.0
22.1
14.2
31.0

1,748.4
10.1
29.3
642.8
21.8
99.5
205.4
85.0
36.5
9.8
109.4
74.2
224.1
17.6
20.3
21.8
13.8
29.7

1,751.4
10.1
29.9
641.1
21.8
99.5
206.9
85.1
36.6
9.8
109.3
74.3
224.6
17.8
20.3
21.8
14.2
29.9

603.2
8.8
12.8
198.1
5.7
55.9
37.0
36.7
24.3
5.2
35.5
76.3
23.2
4.8
5.8
9.8
5.7
10.2

592.3
8.2
12.7
195.3
5.6
53.6
38.2
37.1
24.2
5.1
35.7
73.9
22.5
4.5
5.7
9.8
5.9
10.4

593.8
8.3
12.7
194.7
5.6
53.6
38.4
37.1
24.0
5.1
35.4
74.0
22.6
4.6
5.7
10.0
6.0
10.6

2,788.2
40.6
63.4
820.0
30.8
203.1
276.3
193.6
125.2
28.3
221.6
189.8
155.5
34.3
36.0
37.9
35.8
54.2

2,744.4
40.8
61.9
800.8
31.3
201.3
270.5
194.6
124.5
28.0
214.7
186.8
153.1
34.7
36.4
37.8
34.4
53.3

2,759.1
41.0
62.2
803.1
31.3
201.9
272.0
195.2
125.7
28.1
215.4
187.6
153.2
34.8
36.5
37.9
34.8
53.7

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

188.8
29.7
91.0

189.7
30.0
89.1

191.2
30.2
89.7

104.0
3.4
73.7

103.1
3.5
72.8

103.4
3.6
72.8

404.8
28.5
221.1

417.2
29.1
228.7

425.7
29.3
230.0

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

295.3
44.2
21.1
98.9
42.0
30.4
17.6

285.1
42.4
20.7
95.5
40.7
28.7
17.6

286.2
42.7
20.8
95.4
40.9
28.8
17.7

70.2
7.3
2.7
24.7
16.3
8.4
3.4

69.2
7.0
2.7
24.8
15.7
8.7
3.4

69.6
6.9
2.8
24.7
15.8
8.6
3.4

333.3
38.7
21.1
120.3
49.9
43.2
16.1

325.7
37.4
20.5
121.4
47.7
41.7
15.8

328.6
37.6
21.0
122.4
48.2
42.3
15.8

Delaware
Wilmington-Newark

65.7
50.6

63.4
48.6

63.4
48.6

15.0
13.1

15.3
13.3

15.4
13.3

78.1
54.7

78.7
55.1

81.7
55.4

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

14.0
92.6

14.1
94.9

14.1
95.2

21.7
105.7

21.3
104.3

21.4
105.6

53.0
440.9

52.3
436.7

52.8
440.1

485.0
12.9
40.1
5.6
5.3
34.6
19.2
28.7
82.2
52.1
11.3
17.7
4.6
87.1
30.8

482.6
13.3
40.5
5.5
5.2
34.3
20.1
28.6
82.5
52.3
11.2
18.8
4.6
87.6
29.6

481.4
13.4
40.3
5.6
5.2
34.7
19.7
28.7
82.5
52.3
11.4
18.7
4.6
87.5
29.3

286.9
3.9
25.6
5.8
1.9
32.6
7.9
4.9
72.1
37.5
6.1
5.3
3.2
41.8
14.2

288.1
3.7
26.6
5.9
1.9
32.8
7.9
4.7
73.8
37.6
5.9
5.2
3.2
42.6
14.1

287.3
3.7
26.4
6.0
1.9
33.0
8.1
4.7
73.4
37.8
5.9
5.1
3.1
42.7
13.8

1,447.0
38.7
154.2
35.3
20.0
114.0
42.0
37.1
234.3
160.5
33.2
49.2
28.2
228.9
97.6

1,490.9
39.6
159.6
38.4
20.7
114.9
43.9
39.0
239.6
164.7
34.6
50.9
29.6
233.1
101.2

1,484.0
39.2
159.1
38.1
20.7
115.1
43.4
39.1
239.1
165.9
34.7
50.1
29.4
232.2
99.3

Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
See footnotes at end of table.

78



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994*

76.1
30.4
4.6
8.3
8.3
2.2

76.8
31.1
4.5
8.4
8.4
2.3

77.6
31.5
4.5
8.4
8.4
2.3

363.3
115.1
42.2
51.9
35.0
10.8

369.1
116.7
39.9
53.9
36.0
11.0

369.8
118.2
39.7
54.2
35.6
11.0

338.3
66.1
38.5
33.0
36.7
20.4

349.3
67.8
39.5
33.7
37.4
22.6

347.0
66.8
38.5
33.4
37.4
20.9

-

11.3
6.9

11.4
7.0

11.6
7.0

60.5
32.7

58.8
32.2

61.7
33.3

73.5
29.1

75.2
29.8

73.3
29.3

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa

100.0
80.1
12.3

101.7
81.3
12.4

102.8
82.2
12.4

449.4

467.1
321.6

469.1

269.8
149.7
58.1

297.2
162.4
65.4

272.5
147.0
60.4

40.4
4.0
2.8

41.3
4.3
2.8

9.2
53.2

9.6
55.5

7.8

8.0

230.7
22.2
22.0
77.2
8.1

174.1
16.5

16.6
1.3

223.0
21.5
23.5
76.6

167.2
15.4

16.3
1.4

41.8
4.3
2.9
16.7
1.3

7.8

8.0

168.3
16.1
8.9
54.5
7.8

790.0
6.0
14.2
250.0

775.1
5.9

773.4
5.9

14.0
242.3
4.7
58.1
89.7

14.2
242.1
4.7
58.0
89.5

3,472.2
39.2
61.8
1,137.4

3,494.3
41.0
61.9

2,114.2
48.0
57.7

31.6

31.6
40.9
6.4
59.0
100.5
30.3
7.1

2,128.7
47.5
62.2
537.2
22.7
170.0
132.5
161.4
162.6

310.7
237.9
42.7
39.6
35.6
37.1
65.0

3,496.8
41.2
62.6
1,150.5
28.5
235.6
338.5
193.8
142.4
27.8
289.4
310.8
238.3
42.5
39.9
35.4
37.2
64.4

Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

4.9
58.7
92.7
32.0
40.7
6.4
61.3
101.1
31.0
7.4

41.1

6.4
59.2
100.6
30.6
7.0

308.3
82.2

27.9
235.9
332.8
186.9
141.2
27.8

292.3
307.5
237.3
43.0

83.1
228.1
22.1

21.6
76.6

1,157.8
28.1

236.1
336.3
194.9
141.0
27.6
288.3

323.1
82.7

540.9
22.0
171.8
130.3

156.9
159.9
27.5

26.3

2,126.0

49.3
59.7
538.9
22.8
167.3
131.8
158.3
163.2
26.3
185.4
129.4
88.6
30.2

183.1
131.1
88.8
30.2

184.4

25.4
34.6
35.9
43.9

26.2
35.0
34.1
43.8

34.8
34.3
43.6

297.0
24.1
141.3

306.3
26.3
142.0

297.7
24.8
140.2

215.2
19.0
10.5
88.0
31.8
17.4
13.0

211.8
19.1
10.6
87.1
31.2
17.4
12.9

130.0
89.2
30.0

10.0

9.9

8.8
5.5

12.3

8.5
5.3
12.3

12.3

38.8
35.5
36.5
64.3

106.3
5.0
70.9

108.5
5.1
72.7

110.0
5.1
73.2

472.0
38.5
260.7

477.7
38.9

488.9
39.7

267.6

270.9

140.9
10.8
3.9
80.4
15.0
20.0
4.4

137.3
10.9
3.9
77.1
14.5
20.1
4.2

138.1
11.0
4.0
77.7
14.7
20.3
4.3

446.6
51.4
21.5

462.1
52.5
22.5

154.8
76.6
62.5
24.6

458.2
52.3
22.0
162.3
74.6
62.8
23.1

163.1
74.2
63.8
23.3

206.7
19.2
10.1
88.2
31.2
17.1
12.5

Delaware
Wilmington-Newark

35.0
30.1

36.6
31.5

37.2
31.9

91.2
72.7

94.3
75.3

96.2
76.1

50.1
35.6

51.1
36.7

50.5
35.5

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

31.9
132.7

29.9
131.5

30.4
133.2

252.1
815.3

256.8
830.9

256.9
835.0

289.7
644.6

279.8
630.4

281.6
630.1

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

357.0
6.2
40.3
8.1
4.4
44.4
7.5
5.2
63.1
38.3
5.2
10.4
5.2
62.7
25.5

365.2
6.1

366.4
6.2
40.8
8.3
4.5
'4.4

1,920.5
45.0
184.2

39.6
5.2
10.6
5.3
66.1

39.9
5.3
10.5
5.3

1,822.1
42.5
175.9
42.4
28.4
130.4
39.2
57.3
275.3
254.7
43.0
91.9
31.9
311.3
128.9

1,914.8

40.9
8.3
4.4
44.1
7.6
5.7
63.8

881.3
24.9
76.2
21.7
34.7
61.9
24.7
24.9
127.8
77.9
29.0
23.9
52.2
121.5
46.9

918.1
25.4
79.3
22.2
37.7
65.4
25.4
25.3
136.0
81.2
27.9
24.8
55.9
125.8
49.1

909.7
25.5
79.1
22.2
35.6
63.9
25.8
25.2
135.6
80.7
27.8
24.5
53.7
123.8
49.0

Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

25.1

10.1
8.4
5.4

7

.6
8

6v 7

66.7
25.0

44.9
183.2

44.9
29.7

44.9
29.9

133.2
42.2
58.5
289.5

134.7
42.0
58.1
289.2
270.1
44.1

266.3
44.2
94.5
31.9
327.9
135.3

94.7
31.9
327.5

134.3

26.1

See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Constructor )

Mining

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994"

3,107.5
51.8
61.7
1,637.4
188.6
100.6
132.1
118.9

3,234.8
52.8
62.3
1,711.3
191.0
102.7
135.8
120.9

3,256.6
53.4
62.7
1,726.7
191.0
103.2
136.1
121.9

Hawaii
Honolulu

543.4
418.6

532.6
409.4

Idaho
Boise City

441.1
160.2

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
~
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

June
1993

June
1993

June
1994P

May
1994

7.5

May
1994

June
1994P

(1)

(1)

(1)

129.3
2.6
2.0
68.9
11.2
4.1
4.3
5.9

533.8
410.0

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

32.6
24.2

29.3
22.0

29.0
21.6

460.0
168.0

466.2
170.1

2.4

(1)

26.1
10.7

28.3
11.8

29.9
12.2

5,351.5
67.3
89.3
3,728.4
168.4
55.0
39.3
152.7
155.8
106.8

5,414.8
69.6
92.1
3,772.3
170.6
54.9
39.3
155.1
158.6
108.3

5,429.5
69.5
90.3
3,795.7
172.1
55.4
39.5
155.3
159.4
109.6

15.8
(1)

211.9
2.3
3.0
142.2
8.2
3.1
1.9
8.0
6.2
4.6

204.2
2.3
2.7
141.8
8.0
2.8
2.0
7.5
5.9
4.3

212.1
2.4
3.1
146.0
8.3
2.9
2.1
7.9
6.0
4.6

2,597.4
57.0
109.0
141.5
244.9
246.8
731.4
49.5
79.7
56.0
120.5
64.4

2,649.5
55.5
111.0
142.3
249.8
244.8
746.4
50.0
83.7
59.3
124.6
63.9

2,644.2
56.0
112.9
141.9
249.9
245.9
746.6
49.7
82.5
56.4
126.7
62.2

125.0
2.8
3.7
8.9
12.2
14.8
37.3
1.4
3.2
2.5
6.7
3.9

124.0
2.6
3.6
8.5
11.2
14.5
37.9
1.3
3.1
2.1
6.4
3.1

128.4
2.8
3.7
8.7
11.6
14.6
38.6
1.3
3.4
2.2
6.8
3.4

1,298.3
100.2
249.4
48.3
59.6
60.5
64.2

1,321.1
103.3
251.6
49.4
62.7
60.7
67.0

1,327.8
103.8
252.3
49.6
62.0
60.8
65.2

2.3

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

53.8
5.3
10.4
2.0
2.2
2.8
2.6

52.5
5.5
10.9
1.5
2.1
2.5
2.4

55.2
5.7
11.2
1.6
2.2
2.7
2.6

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,148.3
38.6
95.6
254.2

1,164.8
40.8
95.9
250.4

1,170.7
38.3
97.3
250.8

8.8

O
(1)

50.5
1.6
3.7
11.8

53.4
1.8
4.1
12.4

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,542.2
234.5
498.5
37.7

1,558.9
238.4
506.8
39.8

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,648.2
49.7
256.5
59.8
135.6
72.6
61.5
570.0
154.8
530.9
39.5
126.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

80




,

7.5
(*)
(1)

7.5
(*)

1.5
.5
1

O

O

1

()

()
1.2

1.1

2.3

2.3
(1)

14.3

0)
0)

1.4
.5

2.1

1

15.8

O
(1)

2.2

6.7
(1)

.8

0)

.4

.4

0

.5

.4

.4

2.3

2.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

0

1.4

0)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

()
(1)
(1)
(1)

6.2
(1)
(1)

(1)

1

2.2

0

1.4

1.4
(1)
(1)

0)

6.1
(1)
(1)

O

1.1

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

0
0)

1.4
.5

0)

1

()
(1)
(1)
(1)

O
(1)

O
(1)

137.3
2.5
1.8
78.4
11.0
4.2
4.5
5.5

140.3
2.6
1.9
79.5
11.2
4.3
4.7
5.8

1.6

1.6

1.6

49.3
1.7
4.0
12.6

1,564.3
237.8
509.3
39.7

27.9
.2
.6
.5

28.5
.2
.6
.5

28.7
.2
.6
.5

72.6
12.2
24.6
2.4

70.9
11.6
24.5
2.3

72.2
12.1
25.0
2.4

1,678.6
50.6
258.3
61.3
138.4
73.5
63.0
573.2
158.1

1,682.5
50.9
259.3
61.0
137.9
73.9
62.3
572.4
159.5

45.9
.1
.9
5.1
11.1
1.5
.3
14.4
3.1

46.0
.2
.9
5.0
11.3
1.4
.3
13.9
3.0

46.1
.2
.9
5.0
11.3
1.3
.3
13.8
3.0

98.5
3.2
30.9
3.0
6.8
6.9
3.0
25.5
8.9

104.7
3.4
31.3
3.1
7.0
6.9
3.0
24.9
8.5

105.7
3.5
31.2
3.2
7.2
6.9
3.0
25.1
8.4

526.0
40.4
125.6

534.4
40.6
127.0

.1

.1

22.7
1.7
5.6

22.2
1.6
5.4

23.1
1.7
5.7

9.1

8.7

.1
<*)
<*)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(*)
(•)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994*

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994*

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

554.8
7.5
10.8
195.5
44.9
20.8
18.6
18.0

566.4
7.3
10.9
198.9
43.9
20.7
18.7
17.5

569.0
7.5
11.0
200.2
43.9
20.5
18.5
17.3

201.2
2.7
1.7
138.8
5.4
3.4
5.3
9.2

206.9
3.2
1.6
141.0
5.4
3.3
5.3
9.4

207.9
3.2
1.7
141.0
5.5
3.4
5.4
9.5

772.3
12.8
14.6
437.9
39.6
22.5
30.7
29.3

795.0
13.2
14.4
450.2
39.8
22.8
30.9
29.6

798.4
13.2
14.2
452.7
40.0
23.0
31.2
30.0

Hawaii
Honolulu

19.4
14.2

17.7
13.3

17.9
13.3

41.4
34.1

39.9
32.6

39.7
32.4

133.9
100.8

128.8
97.1

129.3
97.3

Idaho
Boise City

69.9
28.7

71.3
31.5

73.5
31.9

20.8
7.8

21.2
7.7

21.2
7.7

110.1
38.3

115.8
39.4

117.1
39.8

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

934.9
7.2
10.2
640.1
28.7
13.4
6.9
31.3
47.6
4.1

938.3
8.1
10.2
639.2
28.8
13.2
6.8
31.8
50.0
4.2

942.0
8.1
10.2
641.4
29.0
13.2
6.8
31.6
50.3
4.2

310.4
2.8
2.5
223.3
8.0
5.2
1.9
7.9
6.6
5.0

311.3
2.9
2.6
224.9
8.3
5.1
1.9
8.1
6.7
5.1

311.6
2.9
2.6
227.4
8.3
5.1
1.9
8.1
6.7
5.0

1,250.6
15.6
18.9
873.7
47.1
12.2
9.9
36.1
33.5
21.8

1,270.0
15.9
19.5
889.0
48.5
12.3
9.9
36.6
33.8
22.9

1,281.2
15.7
19.5
897.7
48.9
12.4
9.9
37.2
34.0
23.2

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

644.5
8.7
56.2
32.4
69.2
52.8
123.2
20.1
19.0
11.1
21.6
13.1

650.3
9.3
57.5
32.4
69.5
52.8
125.1
20.8
19.2
11.2
21.8
12.8

655.7
9.5
58.2
32.8
70.0
53.4
125.9
20.7
19.5
11.2
22.1
13.0

134.2
1.6
3.1
7.0
15.4
17.1
43.0
1.3
2.3
4.4
5.3
2.7

136.1
1.7
3.0
6.7
15.4
16.7
41.8
1.3
2.3
5.2
5.4
2.7

137.5
1.8
3.1
6.7
15.2
17.0
42.3
1.3
2.3
5.2
5.5
2.6

612.4
12.8
19.9
34.7
55.2
58.8
189.1
10.3
16.3
12.3
30.4
18.6

617.9
13.4
19.9
35.1
58.1
57.6
198.9
9.8
16.7
12.5
31.8
17.8

619.0
13.2
20.2
34.7
58.3
57.8
200.4
9.6
16.6
12.5
32.2
17.8

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

238.4
20.8
25.4
12.9
4.3
11.9
14.2

242.8
21.1
25.7
13.0
4.4
12.2
14.3

246.2
21.3
26.0
13.2
4.5
12.2
14.3

57.5
6.0
12.0
1.9
1.8
3.4
1.9

57.6
6.0
11.8
1.9
1.8
3.4
2.0

58.0
6.0
11.8
1.9
1.8
3.5
2.0

325.9
23.1
65.1
11.3
11.2
15.2
15.9

327.1
23.0
64.5
11.3
11.3
15.4
16.1

329.8
23.3
64.4
11.5
11.4
15.5
16.0

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

183.6
4.6
9.5
58.8

182.4
4.4
9.7
55.7

183.6
4.5
9.8
55.9

66.6
1.1
6.6
11.6

68.8
1.2
6.9
11.4

69.0
1.2
6.9
11.5

275.8
9.5
20.6
57.8

278.4
9.7
20.9
58.2

279.8
9.6
21.0
58.5

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

293.2
38.0
86.4
6.2

295.7
39.3
88.9
6.2

298.8
39.0
89.2
6.3

82.8
9.0
32.6
2.1

83.6
8.7
33.9
2.0

84.5
8.9
33.8
2.0

361.3
54.2
119.5
9.8

365.8
54.3
122.6
10.3

369.9
54.4
123.2
10.5

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

185.1
3.5
23.6
5.2
15.7
10.9
8.1
47.5
18.9

185.8
3.5
22.9
5.5
16.0
11.1
8.2
48.3
20.6

186.3
3.4
23.1
5.5
16.1
11.1
8.0
48.5
20.7

105.3
2.5
11.9
5.8
8.0
4.5
3.2
42.6
8.3

106.9
2.5
11.8
5.8
8.0
4.4
3.4
42.7
8.1

107.6
2.6
11.8
5.9
8.1
4.3
3.4
42.8
8.1

384.4
11.0
56.2
14.9
34.8
16.3
14.9
140.7
36.4

388.0
11.1
57.1
15.3
35.0
16.3
15.3
139.8
36.8

391.2
11.0
57.2
15.2
35.2
16.2
15.3
140.7
37.0

91.6
8.5
13.4

91.6
8.5
13.5

93.0
8.6
13.7

22.4
1.4
6.0

20.9
1.4
5.9

21.8
1.5
6.0

134.4
10.0
36.8

131.6
10.3
36.7

136.7
10.4
38.0

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994*

165.8
2.0
2.0
110.1
6.4
7.0
7.8
4.5

167.5
2.1
2.0
110.5
6.8
7.4
8.2
4.2

168.4
2.0
2.0
111.2
6.9
7.5
8.2
4.2

728.7
12.2
11.2
447.3
42.0
22.2
29.0
32.3

787.4
12.2
11.3
487.3
43.3
24.3
30.9
34.5

799.2
12.4
11.3
498.7
43.2
24.5
31.0
34.7

547.9
12.0
19.4
237.4
38.6
20.6
35.2
19.7

566.8
12.3
20.3
243.6
40.3
20.0
36.2
20.2

565.9
12.5
20.6
242.0
39.8
20.0
36.0
20.4

Honolulu

39.0
32.1

39.4
32.1

39.6
32.4

163.8
121.0

163.4
120.1

163.6
120.2

113.3
92.2

114.1
92.2

114.7
92.8

Boise City

22.8
10.7

24.1
11.4

24.3
11.6

98.4
37.4

101.7
37.7

103.4
38.6

90.7
26.6

95.3
28.5

94.4
28.3

383.6
12.2
3.2
300.0
7.5
2.3
1.7
8.4
6.9
7.9

386.3
12.2
3.2
301.5
7.7
2.3
1.7
8.3
6.8
8.0

387.6
12.4
3.3
303.8
7.9
2.4
1.7
8.3
7.0
8.2

1,482.9
16.5
19.9
1,080.7
43.1
13.0
10.3
44.4
40.0
30.4

1,494.8
16.6
20.3
1,102.2
42.8
13.2
10.2
44.9
39.6
30.5

1,514.1
17.2
20.2
1,109.8
43.6
13.6
10.5
45.5
40.6
31.3

762.9
10.7
31.6
466.3
25.8
5.8
6.7
16.6
15.0
33.0

794.1
11.6
33.6
471.5
26.5
6.0
6.8
17.9
15.8
33.3

765.1
10.8
31.4
467.4
26.1
5.8
6.6
16.7
14.8
33.1

Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

130.5
2.1
2.9
5.9
13.3
9.4
55.6
1.4
3.5
1.8
6.5
2.4

130.3
2.2
2.9
5.7
13.2
9.5
55.9
1.3
3.8
1.8
6.3
2.4

131.5
2.2
3.0
5.8
13.3
9.6
56.4
1.4
3.9
1.8
6.3
2.4

561.1
12.1
16.9
37.1
54.8
59.6
177.4
8.4
16.5
13.6
37.0
13.5

582.7
11.9
17.2
37.3
56.7
58.3
177.4
8.2
17.3
13.1
39.5
14.3

578.6
11.9
17.8
37.2
56.8
58.8
179.0
8.0
17.2
13.3
40.2
12.9

383.0
16.9
6.3
14.1
24.8
34.3
104.8
6.6
18.9
10.3
13.0
9.8

402.1
14.4
6.9
15.2
25.7
35.4
109.0
7.3
21.3
13.4
13.4
10.4

387.3
14.6
6.9
14.6
24.7
34.7
103.5
7.4
19.6
10.2
13.6
9.7

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

74.8
5.4
34.5
1.7
1.6
2.7
2.9

75.7
5.5
35.4
1.6
1.7
2.7
2.7

76.5
5.6
36.0
1.6
1.7
2.7
2.7

318.4
28.0
68.8
14.8
11.7
17.5
16.2

329.3
29.6
69.3
16.0
13.1
17.4
16.3

326.1
29.4
68.8
15.6
13.0
17.0
16.4

227.2
11.6
33.2
3.7
26.8
7.0
10.5

233.8
12.6
34.0
4.1
28.3
7.1
13.2

233.7
12.5
34.1
4.2
27.4
7.2
11.2

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

58.6
1.8
6.3
11.2

59.0
1.8
6.3
10.9

59.9
1.8
6.3
11.0

271.8
8.9
24.9
68.0

278.8
8.8
25.0
66.9

281.2
8.5
25.2
66.9

233.5
11.0
23.7
32.6

238.2
13.3
23.4
33.9

235.0
10.9
24.0
33.0

,

63.4
9.5
28.5
1.7

62.7
9.3
28.9
1.6

63.2
9.2
29.0
1.6

367.0
61.3
138.8
9.3

371.2
62.5
139.4
9.8

372.3
62.8
141.2
9.8

274.0
50.1
67.5
5.7

280.5
52.5
68.0
7.1

274.7
51.2
67.3
6.6

,
,

78.2
2.2
14.7
2.3
5.6
2.7
4.5
29.8
6.8

78.8
2.2
14.7
2.2
5.6
2.6
4.3
30.0
6.8

79.4
2.2
14.7
2.2
5.7
2.6
4.3
30.2
6.8

408.3
14.3
63.6
11.6
32.1
16.8
16.0
168.5
41.5

424.5
14.4
64.1
11.8
33.4
18.3
16.2
170.4
43.0

424.4
14.6
64.6
12.0
32.8
18.2
16.2
168.7
44.4

342.5
12.9
54.7
11.9
21.5
13.0
11.5
101.0
30.9

343.9
13.3
55.5
12.6
22.1
12.5
12.3
103.2
31.3

341.8
13.4
55.8
12.0
21.5
13.3
11.8
102.6
31.1

26.0
1.9
12.3

26.1
2.0
12.1

26.2
2.0
12.1

137.9
11.5
36.0

137.3
11.8
34.6

139.8
11.8
35.2

95.8
4.5
16.2

96.2
4.8
17.4

93.7
4.6
16.3

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

82



,

,

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994?

2,126.6
1,106.2
417.2
774.5

2,126.7
1,100.2
415.5
780.8

2,140.3
1,103.0
416.3
788.1

Massacti
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

2,877.3
1,745.3
82.6
49.5
134.6
103.1
61.3
41.4
238.1
207.6

2,931.5
1,785.5
83.2
49.7
135.1
102.2
61.7
40.5
240.3
210.6

2,960.4
1,799.4
83.8
50.0
136.4
103.4
62.1
41.8
240.6
211.1

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland ....

4,005.1
243.0
67.3
1,887.6
165.0
465.9
55.5
193.4
211.7
165.6

4,109.9
247.2
69.1
1,930.3
168.0
480.3
56.7
196.9
219.1
168.0

4,124.1
246.8
68.4
1,945.2
167.8
481.0
56.9
196.7
213.9
168.6

0)
(11)
()
0)
(1)
0)

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,268.4
101.9
1,464.2
70.5
75.7

2,313.3
102.0
1,487.4
70.1
80.0

2,331.0
102.5
1,495.1
70.8
78.1

CO
0)
0)

Mississippi
Jackson

1,002.8
196.9

1,029.9
201.3

1,032.1
201.6

CO

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

2,413.0
816.0
1,195.1
137.5

2,479.3
827.9
1,213.1
143.8

2,477.7
830.5
1,223.9
143.6

0)
(11)
()

Montana

334.4

334.3

339.5

Lincoln
Omaha

772.3
129.2
350.7

779.1
131.5
350.3

778.0
130.1
353.2

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

672.1
453.7
150.9

713.5
489.3
156.5

712.1
485.3
157.2

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

508.8
85.0
80.4
103.8

511.4
86.6
80.1
104.9

518.7
87.1
79.9
105.1

3,545.5
179.5
613.1
434.1
230.8
550.4
345.4
915.1
196.9
56.0

3,553.2
171.7
611.6
437.8
235.2
556.9
341.6
920.1
196.6
56.5

3,608.0
182.2
619.0
442.2
237.0
563.0
354.1
927.9
196.1
57.1

627.6
289.7
46.0
68.2

655.8
300.9
47.4
68.0

657.2
303.2
46.0
69.6

7,827.4
430.0
115.0

7,851.6
431.7
112.2

7,903.3
432.9
111.5

Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton

June
1993

June
1994P

May
1994

(*)
(*)

CO
1.3
.4

CO
<*)
0
(*)

(11)
()

.1
.1
.2

9.4

.9

0)
O

(11)
()
(1)
0)
(11)
()
(1)
0)

92.5
49.9
2.5
1.2
4.8
4.3
1.9
1.3
7.1
6.7

.1
.1
.2
9.1

139.9
6.7
1.9
59.2
5.2
19.9
1.6
6.8
6.5
7.9

139.4
6.8
1.9
60.1
4.7
20.4
1.7
6.8
6.4
7.6

148.0
7.0
2.0
62.6
5.4
21.4
1.8
7.2
6.7
8.1

1.0

8.0
5.3

86.2
3.7
52.6
2.6
3.7

83.8
3.7
49.8
2.3
3.6

89.8
4.1
52.6
2.5
4.0

5.1

40.6
8.3

42.3
8.2

43.2
8.3

4.3

100.0
35.3
55.4
6.1

104.8
37.6
62.2
6.0

110.4
39.2
64.8
6.3

5.6

15.5

14.5

15.9

1.5

34.9
5.6
17.0

34.3
5.9
16.7

35.5
5.9
17.1

13.0
1.8
.7

48.1
37.4
7.9

49.4
37.4
8.7

49.9
37.4
8.8

.5

18.0
3.2
2.2
2.8

17.6
3.1
2.1
2.5

18.1
3.2
2.1
2.6

2.0

117.8
5.9
20.7
18.1
4.4
17.0
14.7
29.4
4.1
1.7

122.6
6.0
21.0
18.6
5.1
17.0
15.7
30.3
4.4
1.8

126.9
6.2
21.9
19.8
5.1
17.7
16.8
30.8
4.3
1.9

36.7
18.0
2.7
3.5

40.2
20.1
2.7
3.4

41.9
20.8
2.7
3.4

253.5
15.9
4.4

250.2
15.2
4.2

260.5
16.3
4.4

(*)
O
CO

(11)
()

.1
.1
.2

9.3

1.0

O
(1)
0)
(1)
0)
(1)

(1)
0)
5.2

(1)
0)
(1)

4.3

0)
0)
(1)
5.6

1.5

0)
0)

1.5

O
0)

12.7
1.8
.7

.5
(1)
(1)
(1)

0
2.0

(1)

0)

o
1.9

(1)
(1)
(1)

0)
.6
.7

(1)
(1)

.3
15.7
(1)

o
(1)

(1)
(1)

12.7
1.8
.7

.5
(1)
(1)

()

88.8
48.5
2.4
1.1
4.7
4.2
1.8
1.1
6.6
6.6

7.7
5.2

5.7

1

82.8
46.6
2.6
1.3
4.5
4.2
1.9
1.6
6.8
6.0

CO

4.5

(1)

1.2
.4

(*)

O
(11)
()

5.2

(1)

123.7
58.2
12.6
52.6

1.2
.4

8.2
5.1

(1)
0
(11)
()

119.7
56.5
12.3
51.2

CO

O

.5
.7
.3

16.5

0
0
0)

5.3
.5

0

(01)
0)
(1)
0
(1)

.5
.8
.3

16.7
(1)
1
()

0
5.4
.5

1

June
1994P

124.0
58.4
12.5
52.4

(*)

(*)

May
1994

1.1
.2

1.1
.2

1.2
.2
(*)

June
1993

()

5.6
.6

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994*

180.3
108.2
37.9
34.0

176.4
105.7
37.5
34.0

177..7
106.3
37.7
34.2

99.4
53.9
21.3
31.2

97.2
51.8
20.1
31.5

97.4
51.7
20.1
31.9

510.1
255.7
68.8
186.7

503.6
251.2
66.2
187.7

510.3
253.1
67.2
190.0

458.0
227.5
11.0
14.7
35.5
31.8
15.6
7.8
41.4
40.0

447.3
222.6
10.9
14.8
34.4
30.7
16.0
7.3
39.7
39.2

450.8
223.9
11.2
15.0
34.6
30.9
15.9
7.4
40.1
39.6

125.4
80.1
4.6
1.9
4.1
5.3
2.4
1.2
8.7
9.6

127.9
81.4
4.5
2.0
4.0
5.0
2.3
1.2
8.3
10.0

129.0
82.1
4.7
2.0
4.1
5.1
2.3
1.2
8.4
10.1

656.0
378.4
26.3
11.3
33.3
20.7
15.0
9.8
54.2
46.9

666.6
386.5
26.4
10.8
33.7
20.7
14.8
9.9
53.9
46.8

679.9
391.3
26.9
10.8
34.2
21.1
15.1
10.1
54.1
47.1

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

903.3
54.2
20.2
408.3
45.6
135.2
12.2
49.7
28.5
41.2

933.3
54.1
20.4
429.3
46.9
138.6
12.8
49.9
29.5
40.6

946.9
54.5
20.6
435.1
47.4
141.0
12.8
50.3
29.7
41.5

158.7
5.5
2.8
84.9
4.7
17.0
3.6
6.3
6.4
6.6

161.3
5.4
2.8
87.2
4.2
17.1
3.6
6.3
6.3
6.5

162.4
5.4
2.9
87.0
4.3
17.4
3.7
6.3
6.4
6.5

944.6
47.5
14.7
450.9
39.9
113.9
13.4
42.5
47.3
41.5

963.4
48.3
14.9
453.6
39.7
115.0
13.5
43.6
47.5
42.1

976.5
48.5
15.1
457.3
40.0
115.3
13.7
43.4
47.9
43.5

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul ....
Rochester
St. Cloud

408.3
8.2
266.8
12.0
13.9

408.6
8.3
266.4
11.0
14.2

416.2
8.3
269.7
11.3
14.5

109.6
6.4
77.8
2.0
2.7

110.2
6.0
77.7
2.0
2.8

110.3
6.1
77.5
2.0
2.8

544.1
26.3
344.5
14.2
23.4

549.3
26.0
348.8
15.0
23.9

554.7
26.5
352.4
15.0
23.9

Jackson .

256.2
21.7

257.2
21.9

260.7
21.9

46.3
12.8

45.0
14.4

45.7
15.0

211.1
47.4

216.4
48.8

218.4
49.1

Kansas City.
St. Louis
Springfield ...

414.5
106.1
200.9
21.0

411.0
108.0
193.6
21.3

412.3
106.7
195.8
21.5

153.6
64.6
76.6
8.1

155.6
65.1
80.2
8.3

155.3
65.0
80.9
8.1

575.5
199.4
286.5
39.1

583.3
201.8
284.9
40.7

586.2
202.5
291.5
41.0

23.2

22.0

22.6

20.6

20.5

20.6

89.8

88.9

91.2

103.3
15.4
34.8

103.7
15.9
34.1

104.9
16.1
34.1

47.4
7.7
24.1

47.4
7.3
24.5

47.2
7.3
24.5

194.2
26.6
88.6

193.9
27.5
88.1

194.7
27.4
89.2

29.6
16.1
10.3

31.8
16.7
11.4

31.9
16.8
11.3

35.0
22.8
10.2

36.5
23.9
10.7

36.7
24.1
10.8

133.2
91.8
33.8

139.4
96.8
35.1

140.8
97.2
35.5

97.4
11.3
26.8
17.6

98.1
11.4
26.5
17.5

99.2
11.5
26.6
17.5

18.4
5.3
2.1
3.3

18.2
5.6
1.9
3.8

18.6
5.9
2.0
3.8

131.6
21.5
20.0
26.9

129.4
21.4
19.5
26.2

133.7
21.6
19.9
27.7

521.2
7.2
116.6
57.7
34.4
97.5
21.4
143.5
24.1
13.8

509.6
7.1
112.2
56.9
34.3
95.3
20.6
141.8
22.0
13.9

514.4
7.4
113.7
57.0
35.1
95.5
20.8
142.4
22.0
14.3

238.8
7.4
28.6
20.7
28.9
44.7
18.6
77.6
6.9
2.1

239.2
7.4
29.0
20.5
29.2
44.6
18.2
78.0
6.5
2.2

241.3
7.6
28.8
21.0
29.7
45.3
18.6
78.7
6.6
2.2

829.1
40.5
171.3
114.0
54.5
129.6
93.9
179.6
31.1
10.5

824.2
35.9
171.4
115.7
54.5
129.8
91.9
179.1
31.7
10.7

842.1
41.7
173.6
116.3
54.6
131.2
96.6
181.2
31.7
10.7

42.5
26.3
2.4
2.1

43.6
27.2
2.4
2.1

43.9
27.6
2.4
2.1

28.3
12.4
1.5
1.1

30.1
12.9
1.7
1.1

28.9
12.9
1.5
1.2

148.7
69.9
9.6
14.5

154.0
72.5
10.1
14.3

156.0
73.4
10.1
14.7

990.4
44.9
27.5

958.8
43.6
24.6

963.6
43.7
24.4

407.2
16.4
4.6

406.6
16.1
4.2

410.5
16.2
4.2

1,578.4
85.9
24.9

1,573.9
86.4
24.7

1,596.1
87.1
24.8

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C. ,

Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster.
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Nebraska..
Lincoln ....
Omaha ....

Las Vegas.
Reno
New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester.
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
,
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
,
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico ...
Albuquerque..
Las Cruces....
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy...
Binghamton
See footnotes at end of table.

84



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994*

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994"

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

130.3
74.1
38.6
47.7

129.4
72.3
37.6
47.3

130.0
72.7
37.8
47.5

663.7
347.4
147.5
253.4

672.4
350.9
151.4
257.2

680.9
352.9
150.3
261.2

417.6
208.3
90.6
169.1

426.9
211.6
90.4
171.9

419.2
207.9
90.6
170.7

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

201.2
144.4
3.4
1.7
5.0
3.4
2.0
1.9
14.2
15.2

202.1
148.4
3.4
1.7
4.9
3.4
2.0
1.8
13.7
15.6

204.6
149.5
3.4
1.8
4.9
3.5
2.0
1.8
13.8
15.7

956.6
648.3
19.7
11.9
34.9
23.8
15.0
13.8
69.2
57.5

1,000.5
678.2
20.6
12.5
36.1
24.5
15.1
14.1
72.8
60.5

1,009.2
681.1
20.2
12.5
36.7
25.0
15.3
14.8
72.5
60.3

396.0
219.6
15.0
6.7
17.3
13.9
9.4
5.2
43.5
32.2

397.1
219.5
15.0
6.8
17.3
13.7
9.7
5.0
45.2
31.7

393.2
221.2
14.9
6.7
17.1
13.5
9.6
5.1
44.5
31.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

194.9
9.5
2.5
108.6
6.3
19.4
1.9
10.2
12.5
6.3

195.5
9.5
2.6
108.9
6.3
19.2
1.9
10.4
12.4
6.3

198.6
9.6
2.6
110.5
6.4
19.4
1.9
10.5
12.5
6.4

1,026.4
55.9
16.1
541.9
40.8
110.9
12.6
46.1
48.4
40.6

1,057.7
56.9
17.1
554.4
41.8
117.3
12.8
46.9
49.3
41.8

1,065.5
57.3
16.7
560.9
41.9
116.2
13.0
47.3
49.5
41.0

627.8
63.7
9.0
232.9
22.4
49.6
10.2
31.8
62.1
21.5

650.1
66.4
9.3
235.9
24.3
52.5
10.3
33.1
67.6
23.2

616.9
64.6
8.6
230.8
22.5
50.2
10.0
31.7
61.1
21.6

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

136.9
3.5
107.9
1.9
2.4

139.2
3.5
110.4
1.9
2.4

139.8
3.5
110.7
1.9
2.4

617.4
27.4
409.4
30.6
18.1

640.2
27.5
421.2
30.4
19.7

646.2
27.6
423.8
30.7
18.7

357.7
21.3
204.7
7.2
11.5

374.3
21.8
212.6
7.5
13.4

366.0
21.1
207.9
7.4
11.8

39.1
14.6

39.0
14.4

39.5
14.6

199.8
50.2

209.4
51.1

215.3
52.0

204.5
41.4

215.4
42.0

204.2
40.3

142.3
62.3
74.6
6.1

143.2
62.8
73.0
6.3

144.9
63.6
74.1
6.4

651.7
220.8
355.8
40.1

681.7
224.9
366.6
42.7

685.6
227.3
372.1
42.8

370.9
127.5
145.3
17.0

395.4
127.7
152.6
18.5

378.7
126.2
144.7
17.5

Montana

15.1

15.2

15.3

89.6

90.0

92.3

74.9

77.6

76.0

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

51.0
8.8
30.3

50.4
8.5
29.7

51.1
8.7
30.0

189.5
31.0
105.6

191.5
30.8
105.3

192.5
30.8
107.1

150.5
34.1
50.3

156.4
35.6
51.9

150.6
33.9
51.2

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

31.0
22.7
7.2

32.1
23.5
7.4

32.1
23.6
7.3

293.0
206.9
61.1

317.4
230.8
61.4

318.9
230.8
62.4

89.5
54.2
19.7

94.2
58.4
21.1

88.8
53.6
20.4

tlAfcu • • „ • • • • ! • titan

30.2
7.8
3.2
6.8

29.7
7.0
3.2
6.6

29.7
6.8
3.2
6.6

139.3
26.1
19.0
24.3

141.9
27.8
19.8
25.8

145.0
27.8
19.0
26.4

73.4
9.8
7.1
22.1

76.0
10.3
7.1
22.5

73.9
10.3
7.1
20.5

230.4
6.0
36.2
23.0
19.0
42.9
19.1
69.5
10.9
3.5

231.1
5.5
37.7
22.4
19.7
43.7
18.6
68.7
10.5
3.3

235.1
5.7
38.0
22.4
19.9
44.8
18.8
69.4
10.7
3.4

1,033.3
83.7
167.7
123.6
50.2
141.0
112.0
273.6
65.2
11.2

1,053.7
81.2
169.4
126.0
52.8
147.8
113.5
280.0
67.4
11.3

1,069.9
84.9
170.4
127.6
52.8
150.0
117.7
282.5
66.3
11.3

572.9
28.8
72.0
77.0
39.4
77.1
65.7
141.2
54.6
12.9

570.9
28.6
70.9
77.7
39.6
78.2
63.1
141.5
54.1
13.0

576.3
28.7
72.6
78.1
39.8
78.0
64.8
142.1
54.5
13.0

27.9
15.5
1.9
2.7

28.9
16.1
1.9
3.0

29.3
16.4
1.9
3.0

170.5
89.2
9.4
19.7

176.3
92.1
10.0
19.7

179.0
93.0
10.0
20.4

157.3
58.4
18.5
24.6

166.2
60.0
18.6
24.4

161.5
59.1
17.4
24.8

734.8
27.5
4.2

730.2
26.9
4.1

739.8
27.4
4.2

2,423.9
127.2
28.2

2,480.5
129.6
28.1

2,493.6
129.1
28.2

1,433.8
111.8
21.3

1,446.0
113.3
22.2

1,433.6
112.6
21.3

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

NOW n8rnp«nir6
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester
New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
....
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
June
1993
New York-Continued
Buffalo-Niagra Falls..
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County ..

535.1
103.9
40.2
50.8
1,078.2
3,790.3
3,292.1
115.7
522.9

99.4
334.1
125.5
379.7
3,271.3

May
1994
536.2
101.0
40.6
49.2

1,064.2
3,796.4
3,306.2
115.0
523.2
98.1

329.6
127.0
373.7
3,331.4
99.4
666.0

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

538.6
101.3
41.1
52.0
1,075.1
3,812.2
3,316.0

0)

V)
(1)
O
(1)
(1)
(1)

0)
0

116.9
524.3

)

1

June
1994*

20.9
4.0
1.3
2.1
41.6
108.2
87.6
4.0
17.4
3.1

16.5
3.4

157.0
4.7
32.9
24.5
24.3

163.2
5.1
33.1
24.0
23.6

164.3
5.2
33.2
24.2
23.8

3.7

3.7

13.5
2.3
5.0
2.2

13.7
2.4
5.2
2.3

15.0
2.5
5.8
2.6

0.3
)

0

.8

.9

98.8
332.0
127.9
378.7

20.6
4.3
1.3
2.2
42.2
107.5

May
1994

19.9
3.8
1.2
1.9
40.3
105.5
85.3
3.8
16.4
3.0
14.9
3.2
15.8

(
0.3

0.3

June
1993

()
0)

()
0)
0)

1

3.4

86.4
3.7
17.4
3.1
15.2
3.6

15.6
3.6
16.1

519.1

525.9

3,343.7
101.1
668.4
580.7
527.8

287.3
43.8
84.2
44.5

294.1
44.2
86.2
47.3

293.5
45.1
86.2
45.7

3.9

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

4,958.6
290.6
168.7
772.5
1,062.0
732.8
442.4
292.9
230.5

4,978.7
303.3
171.8
781.4

1,059.6
731.7
447.6
296.1
235.9

4,999.9
297.5
173.0
784.6
1,069.8
735.8
447.7
295.2
237.8

14.3
.4
.7
.6
.8
.7
.7
.2
.7

14.2
.4
.7
.7
.9
.6
.6
.2
.7

14.4
.4
.7
.7
.9
.6
.6
.2
.6

195.1
11.0
7.6
34.4
39.6
28.1
15.4
12.4
8.8

184.1
10.9
7.9
33.7
38.2
26.6
14.8
10.0
8.7

192.8
11.1
8.2
34.3
40.0
27.5
15.3
10.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City.
Tulsa

1,250.1

1,266.6
23.0

1,269.3
23.1

35.4
1.0
.1
8.1

44.0
.7
1.4

1.5

1.5

8.0
9.6

35.0
1.0
.1
7.9
9.3

45.6
.8

39.1
457.7
336.2

35.6
.9
.1

43.8
.7

38.8

15.3
12.8

16.0

9.4

15.4
12.8

12.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ...
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver..
Salem

1,326.3
122.3
58.7
774.4

116.3

116.9

1.8
.2
.1
.9
.2

1.7
.2
.1
.8
.2

1.7
.2
.1
.8
.2

54.6
4.8
2.4
34.3
5.0

58.6
5.6
2.3
36.3
5.0

61.8
5.9
2.4
38.1
5.1

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Cariisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazelton .
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,146.9
255.0
57.3

5,197.2

22.0

20.3

20.4

205.3
10.1
2.7
4.5
13.1
5.8
11.4
78.4

204.6
9.9
2.5
4.1

10.7

212.8
10.3
2.6
4.4
13.5
5.4
11.0
84.5
10.8
50.5
6.2

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point .
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead.
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick .
See footnotes at end of table.

86



99.3
655.6
572.7

23.1
37.3
449.6
333.7

125.7

323.9
84.7

196.4
2,146.1
684.2
1,038.1
154.1

579.1

456.9
335.3
1,345.7
123.9

59.4
787.2

256.1

57.1
125.7
324.9
85.1
198.2
2,151.1

()
0
1

V)
1

1,362.6

125.0
60.0
794.8
119.2
5,222.7
256.6
57.6

()

125.8
326.1
85.5

V)
1

199.0
2,161.4
686.6

1,052.6

59.8
50.8
154.7

1,045.4
156.1
268.3
44.1
63.6
51.4
156.2

435.8
483.8

436.8
485.1

442.8
491.3

264.9
42.3

3.5

157.6
267.2
44.1
60.8
51.2
156.5

()
0)

4.3

3.5

.7

.6

3.5

49.1
6.5

.6

9.7
1.4
3.0

10.9
49.3
6.3
9.6
1.3
2.6

2.1
7.5

2.1
7.8

13.3
14.8

11.7
12.7

>
()

0

13.1
5.2
10.8
81.0

9.2

9.9
1.4
2.7
2.2
8.0

13.2
14.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
1Miblic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
June
1993
New York-Continued
Buffalo-Niagra Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994*

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

90.2
16.8
8.3
9.5
122.3
354.8
294.6
13.2
130.9
13.5
50.6
21.4
44.7

89.5
14.6
8.3
9.8
117.4
346.1
287.5
13.2
125.7
12.7
49.2
21.0
43.8

90.3
14.6
8.4
9.8
117.8
348.4
289.6
13.3
126.1
12.7
49.8
21.2
44.1

26.5
3.8
1.5
1.5
49.6
232.1
205.1
6.5
16.9
5.8
20.2
4.3
20.5

25.7
3.8
1.4
1.4
49.3
229.2
202.1
6.3
16.3
5.7
19.6
4.1
20.7

26.1
3.8
1.4
1.4
49.6
230.2
203.2
6.4
16.4
5.7
19.6
4.1
20.5

131.3
21.1
9.9
12.0
276.0
647.4
538.3
29.7
112.1
21.6
77.4
26.2
83.4

133.2
20.9
10.2
11.7
272.5
641.0
534.6
29.4
112.2
21.4
77.3
25.5
81.0

133.2
21.2
10.4
12.8
278.1
647.5
539.2
29.9
113.3
21.7
78.0
25.8
82.4

850.2
21.1
147.6
168.7
79.4

847.0
21.2
147.7
168.2
78.5

851.2
21.4
148.5
168.3
78.9

157.9
4.9
51.9
29.7
24.2

155.5
4.9
52.4
29.8
23.8

156.5
5.0
52.4
30.1
23.9

735.6
22.9
155.9
127.1
104.2

743.1
22.9
158.5
128.4
105.8

745.5
23.0
159.0
127.7
106.1

19.3
2.4
6.2
2.8

20.6
2.4
6.4
3.0

21.0
2.6
6.6
2.9

18.0
3.3
4.7

2.2

18.2
3.3
4.7
2.3

18.1
3.4
4.6
2.3

75.8
11.2
24.4
12.4

75.9
11.2
24.5
12.5

76.0
11.5
24.6
12.3

1,054.2
62.6
44.5
143.2
219.9
92.0
94.1
55.5
54.2

1,051.5
61.9
44.8
141.9
216.8
92.6
93.8
56.9
56.0

1,059.6
62.2
45.8
142.1
218.7
92.9
94.6
58.0
56.7

216.3
14.1
5.9
40.2
43.6
31.1
17.9
13.9
8.6

212.5
14.1
6.0
40.1
42.6
31.2
17.4
13.0
8.6

213.8
14.0
6.0
40.3
42.8
31.2
17.6
13.1
8.7

1,184.2
70.8
41.7
196.2
247.0
188.2
101.8
72.2
60.0

1,185.5
71.1
41.9
197.9
242.8
186.9
104.1
72.2
60.9

1,193.6
71.4
42.1
199.4
245.5
187.5
104.4
72.4
61.6

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

168.3
1.5
3.7
48.5
54.4

169.2
1.6
3.8
49.8
54.6

171.1
1.7
3.8
50.1
54.4

72.5
2.1
1.7
22.0
26.8

72.1
2.1
1.8
22.0
26.9

72.2
2.1
1.7
22.0
26.4

29T.5
6.7
8.6
106.6
77.1

294.2
6.6
8.7
107.7
75.9

296.4
6.5
9.0
108.9
77.3

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

212.6
18.3
8.7
125.0
15.5

212.6
18.6
8.8
126.0
14.7

221.1
18.9
9.0
128.9
17.0

66.3
4.7
2.9
44.1
3.4

66.1
4.7
3.0
43.2
3.5

67.0
4.8
3.0
43.5
3.6

329.2
30.6
16.5
193.0
25.8

331.9
29.9
17.2
194.7
25.6

336.6
30.3
17.2
197.1
26.0

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

946.8
61.8
10.0
35.5
47.8
12.4
56.0
315.7
66.1
132.0
43.2
59.1
9.7
8.5
13.8
47.0

934.0
61.4
10.0
34.6
47.5
12.8
55.1
308.5
64.6
127.4
43.3
59.6
10.1
8.9
13.3
46.9

941.5
61.8
10.1
35.0
47.9
12.8
55.8
309.8
65.1
131.7
44.0
58.9
10.4
8.8
13.3
47.0

269.9
13.4
5.0
4.4
20.8
5.0
7.0
103.6
37.7
65.0
6.6
15.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
8.8

273.1
12.5
5.1
4.4
20.7
5.1
6.9
103.6
38.6
64.1
6.7
15.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
8.7

271.8
12.5
5.1
4.5
20.8
5.0
7.0
104.2
38.4
63.6
6.7
15.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
8.7

1,155.9
52.7
14.9
28.2
69.4
20.0
48.9
474.2
117.8
251.0
35.5
64.1
10.8
11.6
11.8
37.7

1,161.8
52.5
15.0
27.5
68.5
20.2
49.5
472.1
118.5
253.5
35.8
65.0
10.7
11.4
12.1
37.1

1,173.4
52.3
15.2
27.9
68.2
20.2
49.6
475.5
119.2
256.0
36.3
65.5
10.8
11.5
12.1
37.1

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

88.9
110.5

86.0
109.0

86.6
110.3

14.6
16.9

14.6
17.1

15.1
17.6

95.0
108.4

95.4
107.9

97.4
110.1

Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County

Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

New York-Continued
Buffalo-Niagra Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

29.0
4.5
1.4
1.7
81.4
507.2
473.2
6.2
24.4
5.3
20.0
8.1
27.5

28.6
4.4
1.4
1.7
79.9
509.3
476.8
6.1
24.2
5.1
19.6
8.1
26.3

28.7
4.5
1.5
1.7
80.8
515.3
482.6
6.2
24.8
5.2
19.8
8.2
26.5

149.9
30.5
10.7
14.2
328.3
1,283.1
1,119.9
29.8
142.2
29.0
91.5
30.8
128.5

151.3
31.5
10.8
13.0
326.9
1,304.0
1,141.3
29.7
148.7
29.2
90.1
33.3
128.0

151.9
31.0
10.8
14.3
328.8
1,308.0
1,142.9
30.2
146.9
29.4
89.7
33.3
130.1

87.7
22.9
7.2
9.8
178.4
658.3
574.3
26.7
78.2
21.2
59.3
31.2
58.7

88.1
21.9
7.3
9.8
177.9
661.4
578.2
26.6
78.9
20.8
59.1
31.8
58.2

87.4
22.1
7.3
9.9
178.5
654.7
570.5
26.8
78.5
21.0
59.6
31.7
59.0

North Carolina
Asheville
Chariotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point ...
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

139.3
3.1
41.1
28.1
24.5

144.4
3.1
42.8
28.5
25.0

146.1
3.2
43.1
28.4
25.1

696.9
27.9
149.6
132.1
152.1

724.0
26.8
152.0
134.7
154.8

731.8
28.1
154.0
136.4
156.4

530.9
14.7
76.6
62.5
110.4

550.8
15.4
79.5
65.5
114.4

544.9
15.2
78.2
65.6
113.6

13.6
1.9
5.2
1.6

13.8
2.0
5.4
1.6

13.9
2.1
5.4
1.6

77.2
13.4
23.9
11.9

79.7
13.3
24.0
12.8

80.0
13.4
24.1
12.7

66.0
9.3
14.8
11.4

68.5
9.6
16.0
12.8

65.8
9.6
15.1
11.3

262.1
12.0
6.7
46.0
65.8
60.9
17.4
11.2
10.4

260.9
12.6
6.6
46.5
66.5
59.4
17.2
11.3
10.1

263.3
12.6
6.7
47.0
67.4
59.6
17.4
11.4
10.1

1,297.0
80.1
42.8
211.5
301.3
197.1
121.3
83.7
58.5

1,307.8
84.1
43.7
214.9
308.9
198.1
124.3
84.1
59.8

1,318.5
85.1
44.3
217.5
310.6
199.7
124.2
84.7
60.4

735.4
39.6
18.8
100.4
144.0
134.7
73.8
43.8
29.3

762.2
48.2
20.2
105.7
142.9
136.3
75.4
48.4
31.1

743.9
40.7
19.2
103.3
143.9
136.8
73.6
45.1
30.5

62.3
1.1
1.7
26.4
18.0

61.8
1.0
1.8
26.1
18.0

62.2
1.1
1.8
26.0
18.1

309.0
6.1
7.7
120.2
93.9

313.6
5.9
8.3
122.0
96.6

317.9
6.0
8.3
123.7
97.2

266.9
4.0
12.4
102.5
41.1

276.9
4.1
12.8
106.1
41.2

268.5
3.9
12.9
102.9
40.5

91.8
6.7
2.8
63.6
6.7

96.0
7.3
2.8
64.4
6.8

96.8
7.4
2.8
64.9
6.8

328.3
30.9
14.8
203.0
26.3

336.4
31.7
14.8
211.2
27.4

337.3
31.6
15.1
211.0
27.1

241.7
26.1
10.5
110.5
33.4

242.4
25.9
10.4
110.6
33.7

240.3
25.9
10.4
110.5
33.4

306.2
13.9
1.8
5.7
22.7
4.3
9.2
157.7
58.1
61.0
8.8
12.0
1.6
2.0
2.3
5.1

307.5
14.2
2.0
5.8
23.1
4.1
9.1
153.9
57.0
61.4
9.3
11.6
1.6
2.1
2.2
5.2

310.5
14.4
2.0
5.9
23.5
4.4
9.2
154.3
57.1
62.2
9.5
11.7
1.6
2.2
2.2
5.2

1,531.5
75.2
14.7
33.5
80.3
23.6
45.9
710.6
261.1
351.1
35.7
69.9
11.8
11.9
12.5
33.2

1,569.8
77.1
14.3
34.1
80.7
24.0
48.4
723.3
268.7
359.0
35.9
71.4
13.0
11.7
13.4
34.9

1,567.4
76.8
14.5
34.0
81.0
24.1
48.0
724.5
264.5
358.6
36.4
70.7
12.3
12.1
12.8
34.8

709.3
27.9
8.2
13.9
69.8
13.6
17.6
305.9
132.7
124.6
17.8
33.7
5.1
20.9
6.4
14.9

726.1
28.5
8.2
15.2
71.3
13.7
18.0
308.7
131.3
127.2
18.8
34.7
5.6
25.1
6.5
15.1

724.9
28.5
8.1
14.1
71.2
13.6
18.0
308.6
131.5
126.5
18.5
34.1
5.7
21.6
6.7
15.2

25.4
27.2

25.1
26.9

25.3
27.1

136.1
141.4

140.8
146.2

142.2
146.7

62.3
64.4

63.0
65.1

62.8
64.8

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
rittsouron
Reading
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
See footnotes at end of table.




,
,

,
,

,

....<

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Constructor

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

1,590.9
209.3
248.7
418.8

1,605.7
206.3
250.5
425.2

1,609.0
205.8
250.6
426.2

327.3
44.5
90.0

330.3
43.8
90.2

336.9
46.1
92.0

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Biistol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,335.5
209.4
185.4
299.4
487.0
543.1

2,396.3
211.4
184.1
299.3
494.8
558.6

2,399.7
212.2
184.4
300.0
493.9
561.1

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur

7,495.7
49.7
82.9
449.3
148.2
70.3
86.2
57.0
139.9
1,477.6
224.0
616.2
84.6
1,668.0
83.3
52.6
78.6
102.4
111.5
91.0
38.7
574.2
36.7
48.4
67.0
32.4
84.3
53.2

7,692.1
50.5
86.2
470.3
152.4
72.6
91.3
63.4
143.9
1,530.6
229.5
627.7
85.7
1,690.2
85.6
55.7
81.0
104.9
120.0
91.7
39.8
588.9
37.5
47.8
68.4
33.3
87.5
54.1

7,719.2
49.9
85.8
471.4
151.3
72.4
91.5
58.9
143.4
1,546.0
229.9
631.7
85.7
1,702.3
87.0
55.7
80.7
103.7
119.7
91.6
39.6
588.1
37.2
47.7
68.4
33.0
86.9
54.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

814.5
106.2
550.5

851.4
113.1
577.6

862.3
115.5
583.3

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

256.9
29.2
88.7

256.1
29.0
89.4

258.2
29.5
90.0

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,946.2
34.2
71.2
43.2
92.9
616.2
871.5
478.5
130.4

3,011.3
34.8
71.7
44.0
95.6
618.6
899.6
491.6
134.6

3,031.8
35.1
72.8
44.4
95.8
625.4
909.1
493.6
136.3

12.9
(1)
1
()
(1)
(1)
(1)
.5
.7
1
()

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett

2,277.5
1,153.1

2,290.6
1,152.7

2,313.7
1,160.1

3.3
.6

3.5
.6

653.9
119.9
110.2
63.4
60.3

687.6
121.7
111.1
65.2
61.4

676.0
122.6
110.3
65.0
61.6

25.1
1.6
1.8
.4
1.5

29.0
1.7
1.8
.4
1.8

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Brovmsviile^^
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

June
1994P

June
1993

June
1994P

May
1994

1.8

0)
(11)
()
(1)
(1)
4.8
(1)
(1)

81.9
11.6
12.3
25.8

82.1
11.7
12.4
26.2

2.4

15.1
3.0
4.9

14.3
2.9
4.7

15.5
3.1
5.0

4.9

97.7
7.5
8.8
14.4
18.4
22.8

98.3
7.7
8.6
15.6
18.7
24.3

100.3
8.0
8.5
15.6
19.1
24.6

357.6
2.0
3.3
17.6
13.0
9.6
2.7
2.3
12.7
53.9
8.4
24.3
4.7
108.4
3.4
1.8
3.2
3.7
5.1
4.5
1.4
25.7
1.5
1.9
2.3
2.1
3.7
1.8

365.5
1.9
4.0
20.2
13.6
10.7
2.8
2.3
12.4
59.7
9.0
26.9
4.9
110.7
3.9
2.0
3.5
4.2
5.2
4.3
1.5
26.5
1.5
2.3
2.3
2.1
3.9
1.8

374.3
2.0
4.1
21.2
13.5
10.3
2.8
2.4
12.7
61.1
9.2
27.5
4.8
115.6
4.3
2.0
3.5
4.4
5.2
4.5
1.5
26.9
1.6
2.5
2.3
2.2
4.1
1.8

41.3
6.0
27.2

46.9
7.1
31.0

49.2
7.5
32.9

.7

12.6
1.5
4.4

10.9
1.2
4.3

11.7
1.3
4.6

11.8
(1)

156.6
1.1
4.0
2.0
4.7
33.0
45.0
28.1
7.0

159.8
1.3
4.0
2.1
5.0
32.6
49.7
28.3
7.2

163.0
1.3
4.0
2.2
5.1
32.9
50.8
28.6
7.5

3.5
.6

120.0
58.2

124.1
59.0

127.6
59.3

29.4
1.7
1.8
.4
1.9

32.4
7.1
5.0
3.6
2.2

35.6
7.0
5.0
3.4
2.6

36.1
7.4
5.3
3.0
2.7

O
0)
(1)

(1)
(1)
4.9
(1)
(1)
.6

(1)
(1)
.6

.6

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

166.0
1.3
.8
1.0
1.0
1.0
1
()
.7
2.7
17.0
(1)
4.5
.7
65.3
1
()
2.3
3.5
.2
.9
12.9
.6
1.8
1
()
.1
1.3
1.3
(1)
1.4

160.3
1.3
.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1
()
.7
2.7
16.9

160.4
1.3
.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1
()
.7
2.8
17.1

0)

0)

4.5
.7
66.1
1
()
2.5
3.5
.1
1.0
12.3
.5
1.8

0
.1
1.4
1.3
(1)
1.4

3.2

O

.6
(1)
(1)

4.6
.7
66.6
1
()
2.5
3.5
.1
1.0
12.5
.5
1.8
1
()
.1
1.4
1.3
(1)
1.4

8.1

8.3
(1)

8.2
(1)

3.0

3.1

.7
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
11.8

01
(1)
()
0)
(1)

.6
.7

1

0)
0
0)
(1)

.6
.7

1

()

June
1994P

83.4
12.2
12.3
24.4

(1)
(1)
2.3

2.6

May
1994

1.8

1.7
(1)
(1)
(1)

June
1993

()

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
Ixjblic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
June
1993

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .
South Dakota.
Rapid City
Sioux Falls ....

Chattanooga
:
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brownsville-Hariingen-San Benrto .
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
F t Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden.,

Barre-Montpelier...
Burlington

Bristol
Chariottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Be chNorthern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg .
Roanoke
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett.
West Virginia
,
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland...
Parkersburg-Marietta..
Wheeling
See footnotes at end of table.

90



NtNe

May
1994

June
1994?

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994"

376.7
20.8
26.3
125.9

370.6
19.5
26.6
124.7

372.3
19.7
26.7
125.1

66.8
10.6
11.2
17.0

67.6
10.0
11.2
17.4

68.0
10.3
11.2
17.4

358.4
51.4
54.9
96.2

361.5
51.1
55.0
97.6

364.6
51.6
55.4
97.9

39.6
4.5
11.1

42.5
4.4
11.5

43.6
4.5
11.8

14.7
1.9
5.6

15.0
1.9
5.5

15.0
2.0
5.6

83.5
13.3
24.3

83.7
13.0
24.1

84.9
14.0
24.4

532.0
45.0
54.2
50.7
65.2
94.3

538.8
45.4
53.1
50.6
65.9
95.9

542.6
45.4
53.3
50.8
66.0
96.2

126.9
7.3
7.5
11.3
48.9
32.3

129.3
7.3
8.0
11.2
49.7
32.3

129.8
7.4
8.0
11.2
50.1
32.6

535.3
50.8
40.6
74.3
125.8
128.1

550.8
52.2
41.2
72.4
127.4
132.0

555.0
52.5
41.2
72.5
128.0
132.8

990.7
4.1
9.1
59.6
25.5
17.3
12.9
3.9
13.6
222.5
45.7
102.2
8.4
179.0
9.2
1.7
17.0
7.1
13.0
6.6
4.9
46.7
9.9
6.1
11.9
3.3
15.4
7.7

998.0
3.8
9.4
61.2
25.1
17.1
13.7
4.0
13.6
222.3
46.8
101.1
8.3
178.1
9.2
1.9
17.1
7.5
13.6
6.4
5.0
47.6
9.9
5.5
11.8
3.2
16.2
7.9

1,003.6
3.8
9.4
61.9
25.2
17.1
13.6
3.9
13.6
223.5
46.5
101.6
8.3
179.2
9.5
1.9
17.0
7.6
13.8
6.4
5.0
47.9
9.9
5.5
11.8
3.2
16.4
8.0

440.3
2.6
5.5
14.6
9.5
2.6
3.8
1.4
6.7
88.1
11.5
56.8
5.0
114.7
2.9
8.4
3.8
5.3
3.7
4.3
2.9
26.5
1.4
2.2
3.2
1.5
3.4
2.6

444.7
2.6
5.7
14.7
9.4
2.6
3.8
1.4
6.6
92.1
11.4
57.3
5.2
114.8
2.7
8.8
3.7
5.3
4.0
4.3
2.8
27.1
1.5
2.0
3.1
1.4
3.5
2.6

447.1
2.6
5.8
14.8
9.4
2.7
3.9
1.4
6.4
94.3
11.5
57.7
5.1
114.8
2.7
8.8
3.7
5.2
3.9
4.3
2.8
27.7
1.6
2.0
3.1
1.4
3.5
2.6

1,809.2
13.0
23.1
92.0
33.8
13.2
23.0
12.4
32.0
371.1
54.3
157.0
18.2
392.8
18.6
16.2
19.8
28.2
33.0
23.0
9.3
143.1
7.9
11.8
16.8
8.5
19.3
12.6

1,859.3
12.9
24.1
97.8
34.5
14.0
24.1
12.9
34.1
385.5
55.2
159.0
18.4
394.8
19.7
17.0
19.9
29.1
35.7
23.8
9.5
145.8
7.7
11.8
17.6
8.8
19.8
12.6

1,870.9
12.9
23.9
98.3
34.6
14.1
24.3
12.6
33.7
390.8
55.1
159.7
18.6
397.4
19.7
17.0
19.9
28.7
35.7
24.1
9.6
146.9
7.8
11.8
17.7
8.8
19.7
12.7

110.3
14.3
70.4

115.2
15.3
72.4

116.1
15.6
73.0

47.1
2.1
36.9

48.1
2.2
39.0

48.7
2.2
39.1

192.1
23.0
131.8

199.2
24.8
137.1

203.5
25.4
139.7

44.1
3.6
16.3

42.8
3.6
15.9

43.3
3.7
16.2

11.5
.8
3.9

11.0
.8
3.7

11.2
.8
3.8

60.6
5.9
21.4

60.7
6.2
20.0

61.9
6.4
20.3

406.7
10.0
7.8
15.8
26.9
68.6
39.5
61.9
18.8

402.7
10.1
7.8
15.3
26.4
66.8
39.5
60.7
19.2

404.0
10.2
7.8
15.4
26.6
66.3
39.5
59.9
19.1

150.1
1.3
2.4
1.1
3.3
29.1
52.8
24.0
8.7

152.2
1.4
2.4
1.2
3.4
30.3
51.9
25.1
8.7

152.3
1.4
2.4
1.2
3.5
30.3
52.0
25.1
8.7

653.2
8.8
14.3
8.9
19.7
143.6
193.9
108.6
34.5

673.9
9.3
14.6
9.3
20.2
143.8
201.9
112.7
35.1

678.7
9.4
14.8
9.4
20.3
146.6
204.0
113.1
35.4

342.8
205.2

331.8
193.8

334.4
193.9

115.2
69.5

116.8
70.7

118.3
71.2

551.2
272.1

549.9
276.5

559.3
278.6

83.7
10.3
18.0
12.8
6.6

81.3
9.9
17.1
12.8
5.9

81.9
10.0
17.1
13.0
6.0

38.9
8.8
6.7
2.6
3.4

39.4
9.0
6.6
2.5
3.6

39.7
9.2
6.6
2.5
3.7

149.3
29.6
28.2
15.9
15.2

154.7
30.4
29.0
16.5
15.3

155.0
30.8
29.1
16.7
15.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994?

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994?

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

67.0
8.2
18.6
14.5

66.6
8.1
18.1
14.6

67.4
8.1
18.3
14.7

339.2
51.1
56.0
86.3

349.7
52.6
56.8
89.3

351.7
52.4
57.0
89.8

297.6
55.0
69.4
54.5

306.1
53.4
70.5
55.8

301.1
52.0
69.6
55.1

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

17.8
1.6
9.0

18.2
1.5
9.4

18.5
1.5
9.5

85.7
12.8
25.4

84.9
12.5
25.3

87.0
13.2
25.7

68.3
7.4
9.7

69.4
7.6
9.7

70.0
7.8
10.0

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

104.9
13.4
5.5
10.4
25.2
31.1

106.0
13.9
5.0
10.5
25.6
30.8

106.9
14.0
5.1
10.6
25.7
30.9

579.6
51.4
40.1
82.4
129.9
162.9

597.9
52.2
39.2
82.2
130.8
166.8

600.8
52.4
39.0
83.2
131.3
168.2

354.3
34.0
28.7
55.3
73.6
71.6

370.3
32.7
29.0
56.2
76.7
76.5

359.4
32.5
29.3
55.5
73.7
75.8

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur

428.9
1.8
4.2
25.7
4.6
1.9
3.5
2.1
6.1
126.8
8.4
28.4
5.6
97.6
3.6
2.0
2.7
4.6
4.0
3.7
1.7
39.7
2.1
1.9
3.2
1.6
5.2
2.2

438.4
1.9
4.1
26.6
4.7
1.8
3.7
2.4
6.1
129.7
8.5
28.6
5.7
97.7
3.6
2.0
2.7
4.7
4.2
3.6
1.6
41.4
2.1
1.9
3.3
1.6
5.2
2.2

441.3
1.9
4.1
26.9
4.8
1.8
3.7
2.5
6.1
131.8
8.5
29.0
5.7
98.6
3.7
2.0
2.7
4.7
4.3
3.6
1.7
41.7
2.1
1.9
3.3
1.6
5.3
2.2

1,950.9
15.4
20.6
121.2
38.7
11.8
20.6
12.3
36.0
416.8
48.3
158.7
17.1
483.8
20.8
8.9
17.8
29.2
21.1
20.0
10.6
166.5
9.1
12.8
17.9
8.1
23.3
14.0

2,004.0
16.2
20.5
122.9
39.7
12.2
22.0
13.2
37.5
433.3
49.5
164.3
17.4
493.5
21.3
9.4
19.1
28.6
22.8
20.1
10.9
169.4
9.7
12.7
18.2
8.4
23.9
14.4

2,037.8
15.7
21.1
124.2
39.9
12.3
22.4
13.2
38.0
440.5
50.1
166.8
17.6
498.7
21.5
9.4
19.3
28.8
22.7
20.1
11.1
170.5
9.2
12.8
18.2
8.4
23.6
14.4

1,352.1
9.5
16.3
117.6
22.1
12.9
19.7
21.9
30.1
181.4
47.4
84.3
24.9
226.4
24.8
11.3
10.8
24.1
30.7
16.0
7.3
124.2
4.8
11.6
10.4
6.0
14.0
10.9

1,421.9
9.9
17.7
125.9
24.4
13.2
21.2
26.5
30.9
191.1
49.1
86.0
25.1
234.5
25.2
12.1
11.5
25.4
33.5
16.9
8.0
129.3
5.1
11.5
10.7
6.5
15.0
11.2

1,383.8
9.7
16.7
123.1
22.9
13.1
20.8
22.2
30.1
186.9
49.0
84.8
24.9
231.4
25.6
12.1
11.1
24.2
33.1
16.1
7.4
124.7
5.0
11.1
10.6
6.1
14.3
11.0

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

41.1
2.9
33.7

46.2
3.4
37.3

46.7
3.4
37.4

212.2
41.3
141.8

220.6
43.3
148.9

225.4
44.4
150.4

162.1
16.6
105.5

167.1
17.0
108.9

164.5
17.0
107.7

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.2
2.5
4.4

12.0
2.5
4.4

12.1
2.5
4.5

71.4
7.5
24.3

71.7
7.5
26.4

73.1
7.6
26.6

43.9
7.4
14.0

46.3
7.2
14.7

44.2
7.2
14.0

Virginia
Bristol
Chariottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

158.1
1.2
4.0
1.4
4.1
27.7
53.5
40.0
8.9

163.1
1.1
4.2
1.4
4.4
28.6
55.2
42.2
8.8

164.5
1.1
4.2
1.4
4.4
29.5
55.9
42.6
8.9

809.7
6.1
17.2
8.0
21.9
170.8
308.9
115.8
35.5

839.8
5.9
17.2
8.4
23.7
173.4
324.1
118.9
38.1

852.2
5.8
17.4
8.5
23.4
176.5
328.4
120.7
39.3

598.9
5.7
21.5
6.0
12.3
143.4
177.4
99.4
17.0

608.0
5.7
21.5
6.3
12.5
143.1
176.7
103.0
17.5

605.3
5.9
22.2
6.3
12.5
143.3
177.9
102.9
17.4

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett

121.7
75.0

121.4
74.2

122.3
74.2

585.8
303.6

598.5
306.4

603.1
310.5

437.5
168.9

444.6
171.5

445.2
171.8

25.3
6.6
3.8
2.3
3.0

25.1
6.5
3.6
2.3
3.0

25.3
6.4
3.6
2.3
3.0

167.4
33.8
27.3
15.4
18.5

175.7
33.6
27.4
16.1
19.1

176.0
33.6
27.5
16.3
18.9

131.8
22.1
19.4
10.4
9.9

146.8
23.6
20.6
11.2
10.1

132.6
23.5
19.3
10.8
9.9

Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Pallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

,

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
June
1993

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

2,458.0
175.9
63.1
122.8
64.4
45.6
64.2
247.4
779.3
78.4
55.9
57.8

2,497.0

Wausau

2,438.0
175.6
60.7
117.0
63.5
44.8
62.0
240.6
778.8
77.5
55.4
57.1

Wyoming
Casper

220.9
29.4

214.6
29.1

223.7
29.7

17.8
2.1

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

856.1
54.6
64.9
69.0
534.0

865.0
56.3
64.1
69.6

1.0

538.5

864.2
56.2
64.1
69.7
537.5

49.8

45.3

44.9

Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah ..
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
,

Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

92



179.5

62.4
124.4
64.7
45.5
63.7
246.8
791.4

79.6
57.6

May
1994

2.6

2.4

0)
0)

0)
1

June
1994*

1

2.6

()
o
0)
1

()
0)
(1)
0

()

0)
V)

o1

1

58.1

17.4
2.1

()
0)

()

o
17.9
2.1

()
0)

June
1993

99.6

May
1994

June
1994>>

107.5
10.1
2.7
6.8
3.0
1.9
2.3
11.4
31.8
3.3

2.1

101.1
9.2
2.4
6.3
2.8
1.9
2.1
10.8
30.4
3.1
2.7
2.1

14.0
1.5

13.7
1.5

14.9
1.6

47.0
1.7
3.4
4.4
34.1

43.0
1.6
2.8
3.9

31.5

43.2
1.6
2.7
4.1
32.3

6.5

2.4

2.4

10.0
2.4

6.0
2.4
1.9
2.3
10.3
29.0
3.0
2.0

2.9
2.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
1Dublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
June
1993

Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

May
1994

June
1994"

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

562.9
56.2
10.3
24.9
18.6
10.0
11.3
27.0
167.1
23.6
22.9
16.1

564.7
56.7
10.1
25.3
18.5
9.9
11.2
27.3
168.1
24.4
23.5
15.9

578.3
58.5
10.4
26.0
18.5
10.0
11.4
27.9
170.3
24.6
24.2
16.1

115.6
6.9
3.3
8.5
2.4
1.6
2.9
8.1
37.6
2.6
1.8
3.7

111.8
6.8
3.2
8.8
2.6
1.7
2.7
8.0
36.0
2.5
1.8
3.9

115.6
7.0
3.2
8.9
2.5
1.8
2.8
8.0
37.3
2.6
1.8
3.9

561.5
36.7
16.9
28.1
15.0
12.6
16.7
52.4
171.8
17.0
10.1
13.6

560.6
36.6
17.3
29.1
14.9
12.9
16.9
53.5
170.4
16.7
10.0
13.7

569.7
36.7
17.2
29.4
15.0
13.0
16.8
53.8
172.4
16.8
10.1
13.9

9.4
1.6

9.5
1.5

9.7
1.6

14.7
1.6

14.4
1.6

14.5
1.6

50.7
8.3

48.2
8.3

51.4
8.4

150.6
14.5
19.9
12.2
67.4

148.7
13.8
19.0
11.9
67.0

149.3
13.7
19.2
11.6
66.8

20.6
.5
.5
1.7
15.9

21.0
.6
.5
1.8
14.7

21.4
.5
.5
2.1
14.9

164.6
11.7
10.3
12.0
110.0

167.7
12.4
10.5
11.8
111.4

167.7
12.6
10.4
11.9
111.5

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.6

10.8

10.9

10.7

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
June
1993

Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-BetoH
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Mitwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper

Caguas
Mayaguez
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
uomoinea wnn consuucuon.
Not available.
= preliminary.

94



June
1994P

May
1994

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994*

June
1993

7.1

58.7
5.6

60.0
5.7

59.0
5.6

13.8
101.9

286.9
16.0
20.0
23.8
175.4

289.7
16.6
20.3
24.1

176.6

291.4
16.7
20.4
24.3
177.8

10.6

13.7

13.6

13.6

132.9
8.8
2.2
8.0
1.9
1.3
2.3
20.8
53.9
2.4
2.0
4.4

134.5
8.9
2.2
8.0
2.0
1.3
2.4
20.9
54.4
2.4
2.0
4.4

604.1
37.0
15.1
29.3
15.3
10.5
18.0
56.8
229.3
19.5
10.6
10.7

612.7
37.8
15.7
32.4
15.3
10.9
18.9
59.0
231.5
20.2
10.0
10.7

625.1
38.5
15.8
32.1
15.5
10.5
18.9
59.7
235.7
20.5
10.6
10.8

360.2
19.8

7.8
1.2

7.7
1.1

7.8
1.2

47.8
7.5

43.7
7.3

48.5
7.6

39.2
1.3
1.5
1.9
31.1

40.1
1.5
1.5
1.9
31.7

40.2
1.5
1.5
1.9

146.2

150.1
9.6
9.4

31.8

13.0
99.6

153.9
9.8
9.5
14.2
105.1

2.2

2.1

2.1

11.0

10.7

9.3

June
1994P

363.9
19.8
10.9
13.2
8.2
6.9
9.0
65.2
89.4
9.3
6.0
6.8

131.5
8.9
2.2
7.5
1.8
1.6
2.2
21.0
52.7
2.5
2.1
4.4

8.9

May
1994

10.5
12.8
8.0

6.7

371.8

19.9
12.2
12.8
8.4
7.0

8.6

10.0

65.1

68.2
88.8
9.1
5.9

91.3

9.3
5.9
6.7

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1993 benchmarks.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

34.6

34.8

34.8

34.8

34.9

44.2

44.1

44.4

44.9

44.3

10
101
102

43.2
41.8
47.1

43.0
41.8
45.3

43.0
44.5
44.1

43.6
44.2
46.0

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

43.7
43.8

42.6
42.5

45.8
45.9

44.7
44.7

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

43.3
41.9
44.1

43.7
42.3
44.4

43.0
42.2
43.6

44.2
42.2
45.4

14
142

47.3
49.1

47.3
48.9

47.7
49.7

48.0
49.3

39.3

39.5

39.7

39.6

15
152
153
154

38.0
37.4
38.5
38.6

38.2
37.6
38.6
38.8

38.6
37.9
38.8
39.2

38.5
37.9
38.8
39.1

16
161
162

43.2
45.0
42.2

43.5
45.8
42.2

44.0
45.4
43.2

43.7
45.6
42.7

17

38.6
39.8
37.7
39.6
36.1
36.4
35.6

38.9
40.1
37.4
40.1
36.2
36.3
36.2

38.9
39.6
37.7
39.7
36.4
36.0
36.5

38.9
40.1
37.5
39.9
36.5
36.2
36.0

41.4

41.0

42.0

42.2

41.5

4.1

4.0

4.6

4.7

4.5

42.1

41.6

42.9

43.0

42.1

4.3

4.0

5.0

5.1

4.7

40.8
41.1
42.2
42.6
41.0
40.1
39.3
39.9
41.2
41.0
39.7
40.6
40.9
40.3

40.6
40.9
41.6
41.9
40.3
40.0
39.9
40.1
39.5
38.6
39.2
41.7
42.2
39.7

41.7
40.7
42.8
43.3
40.9
41.5
40.5
41.5
41.8
44.7
40.6
41.4
41.7
41.0

41.6
40.7
43.0
43.6
40.7
41.3
40.4
41.4
41.8
42.8
40.4
41.8
42.1
41.1

40.9

4.0
5.5
4.8
5.1
3.7
3.4
2.6
3.2
4.4
4.3
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0

4.1
5.6
4.7
5.0
3.4
3.6
3.0
3.4
3.6
4.4
3.4
4.2
4.5
3.1

4.6
6.5
5.1
5.5
3.6
4.3
3.3
5.0
4.3
5.4
4.0
4.3
4.4
3.2

4.7
5.9
5.2
5.7
3.6
4.4
3.4
4.9
4.1
5.6
3.8
4.7
4.7
3.4

39.7
38.5
38.8
37.1
41.8
39.6
41.7
41.5
41.1
41.7

39.7
38.3
38.8
37.0
39.2
39.7
42.2
41.5
41.9
40.8

39.9
38.9
39.7
36.6
42.8
38.9
40.8
42.1
41.8
40.9

40.7
39.5
39.7
38.5
41.9
40.0
42.4
44.5
42.1
41.5

40.3

2.8
2.2
2.1
1.5
4.1
3.2
3.6
4.1
4.0
3.3

3.0
2.1
2.2
1.3
2.2
3.7
4.5
4.4
4.8
3.0

3.0
2.5
2.5
1.6
5.4
2.9
3.0
4.3
4.5
3.0

3.4
2.6
2.5
2.0
4.5
3.5
4.1
5.7
5.1
3.5

Total private
Mining
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

...

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Heavy construction, except highway

Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

I

171
172

173
174

175
176

lyifin u i j i o r u r i i m •••••*••••••••••••«*••••••••»••••••*•••••*••••••••••••*•<

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ....
Millwork, plywood, and structural members,
Millwork
,
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
,
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
,
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
,

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254

See footnotes at end of table.

96



,

,
,

2436
244
245
2451
249

259

39.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Average weekly earnings
July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

$10.76 $10.75 $11.09 $11.03 $11.04 $372.30 $374.10 $385.93 $383.84 $385.30

Total private
Mining

14.59

14.49

14.83

14.71

14.72 644.88

639.01

658.45

660.48

652.10

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

15.28
17.93
13.91

15.10
16.61
14.04

16.04
17.29
14.25

15.88
17.13
14.08

660.10
749.47
655.16

649.30
694.30
636.01

689.72
769.41
628.43

692.37
757.15
647.68

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

17.15
17.33

17.20
17.38

17.62
17.81

17.64
17.85

749.46
759.05

732.72
738.65

807.00
817.48

788.51
797.90

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

14.22
17.25
12.34

14.08
17.10
12.28

14.08
17.87
11.84

13.90
17.73
11.75

615.73
722.78
544.19

615.30
723.33
545.23

605.44
754.11
516.22

614.38
748.21
533.45

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

12.66
12.10

12.76
12.17

13.01
12.56

13.04
12.58

598.82
594.11

603.55
595.11

620.58
624.23

625.92
620.19

14.24

14.37

14.59

14.57

14.76 559.63

567.62

579.22

576.97

15
152
153
154

13.45
12.43
13.55
14.43

13.53
12.50
13.19
14.50

13.82
12.67
13.37
14.93

13.71
12.52
13.33
14.87

511.10
464.88
521.68
557.00

516.85
470.00
509.13
562.60

533.45
480.19
518.76
585.26

527.84
474.51
517.20
581.42

16
161
162

14.04
14.09
14.01

14.12
14.33
14.00

14.38
14.32
14.41

14.41
14.50
14.35

606.53
634.05
591.22

614.22
656.31
590.80

632.72
650.13
622.51

629.72
661.20
612.75

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

14.59
14.96
13.29
15.88
14.64
14.20
12.53

14.74
15.12
13.32
15.97
14.69
14.50
12.81

14.91
15.23
13.84
16.13
14.99
14.66
13.05

14.91
15.20
13.93
16.19
15.03
14.85
12.96

563.17
595.41
501.03
628.85
528.50
516.88
446.07

573.39
606.31
498.17
640.40
531.78
526.35
463.72

580.00
603.11
521.77
640.36
545.64
527.76
476.33

580.00
609.52
522.38
645.98
548.60
537.57
466.56

11.71

11.72

12.01

12.02

12.03 484.79

480.52

504.42

507.24

499.25

12.31

12.28

12.62

12.63

12.60 518.25

510.85

541.40

543.09

530.46

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods

587.45

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ..
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

9.56
11.30
9.73
10.10
8.16
9.59
9.83
8.93
8.31
11.54
6.96
9.31
9.35
9.00

9.65
11.42
9.79
10.15
8.25
9.69
9.91
8.99
8.40
11.76
7.02
9.29
9.35
9.09

9.79
11.44
10.01
10.38
8.53
9.84
10.09
9.27
8.52
11.71
7.29
9.80
9.85
9.14

9.82
11.36
10.05
10.38
8.67
9.87
10.12
9.30
8.57
11.81
7.28
9.82
9.87
9.21

9.85 390.05
464.43
410.61
430.26
334.56
384.56
386.32
356.31
342.37
473.14
276.31
377.99
382.42
362.70

391.79
467.08
407.26
425.29
332.48
387.60
395.41
360.50
331.80
453.94
275.18
387.39
394.57
360.87

408.24
465.61
428.43
449.45
348.88
408.36
408.65
384.71
356.14
523.44
295.97
405.72
410.75
374.74

408.51
462.35
432.15
452.57
352.87
407.63
408.85
385.02
358.23
505.47
294.11
410.48
415.53
378.53

402.87

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

9.23
8.67
8.07
9.39
8.78
9.31
10.03
9.57
10.47
9.54

9.29
8.70
8.14
9.32
8.81
9.38
10.13
9.45
10.60
9.49

9.45
8.96
8.42
9.76
8.72
9.42
10.22
9.68
10.57
9.71

9.48
8.96
8.42
9.77
8.61
9.39
10.21
9.66
10.71
9.67

9.56 366.43
333.80
313.12
348.37
367.00
368.68
418.25
397.16
430.32
397.82

368.81
333.21
315.83
344.84
345.35
372.39
427.49
392.18
444.14
387.19

377.06
348.54
334.27
357.22
373.22
366.44
416.98
407.53
441.83
397.14

385.84
353.92
334.27
376.15
360.76
375.60
432.90
429.87
450.89
401.31

385.27

See footnotes at end of table.




97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
Industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994"

July
1994"

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

43.2
46.1
42.2
43.4
41.1
41.8
42.1
41.9
41.1
44.9
46.1
43.8
45.2
42.8
43.0
42.6

42.9
43.7
42.4
43.5
41.3
40.7
42.3
41.3
40.5
44.8
45.9
43.7
45.0
42.7
41.6
42.4

44.1
48.3
42.6
43.3
42.0
43.5
43.6
42.1
41.0
46.3
47.9
44.4
47.0
42.9
43.4
41.5

44.2
48.4
42.9
43.8
42.2
44.3
42.7
41.9
40.7
46.3
47.5
44.5
47.0
43.1
43.5
41.3

43.8

5.5
8.1
4.6
5.9
3.4
3.4
4.0
3.6
3.4
7.8
8.3
6.1
8.7
4.6
3.9
5.8

5.5
4.9
4.5
5.8
3.3
3.0
4.4
3.9
3.2
7.9
8.0
6.2
8.7
5.1
3.7
4.9

6.1
9.2
4.4
5.6
3.4
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.0
8.4
8.8
6.3
9.7
5.0
4.1
4.9

6.2
10.0
4.6
5.9
3.5
4.4
3.8
4.7
4.0
8.6
9.1
6.9
9.6
5.1
4.6
4.3

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

43.8
44.5
44.8
44.0
44.8
45.2
45.3
43.4
43.0
42.4
43.8
42.5
45.2
43.0
41.2
40.5

43.5
44.7
45.1
43.5
43.3
43.9
41.9
41.3
42.5
41.7
44.2
44.3
45.4
43.7
40.1
40.1

44.8
44.9
45.1
43.7
46.1
46.8
47.2
44.5
42.7
42.1
45.2
45.0
45.7
44.7
43.2
42.7

44.7
44.8
45.0
44.2
46.0
46.6
46.7
44.9
43.1
42.4
44.9
43.5
45.6
44.7
43.3
42.7

44.2
44.5

5.7
5.9
6.1
5.3
6.3
6.9
10.5
4.5
5.2
4.9
6.4
6.4
7.7
5.7
3.7
3.3

5.6
6.1
6.4
5.4
5.3
5.6
8.2
4.3
5.4
4.9
6.6
7.7
7.8
6.2
3.2
3.4

6.6
6.3
6.5
5.4
8.0
9.2
9.1
5.6
5.1
4.6
7.0
8.0
7.0
6.5
5.3
5.0

6.7
6.6
6.8
5.7
7.9
8.9
8.7
6.0
5.3
4.9
7.1
7.0
7.2
6.8
5.3
5.5

42.2
44.9
44.9
41.9
41.8
41.6
41.6
40.3
40.9
41.5
41.5
40.8
42.4
40.9
40.7
42.4
42.1
42.7
43.4
42.4
44.6
41.7
41.2
40.7
42.1
41.7
40.6
42.2
41.9
41.8

41.4
44.8
44.5
40.1
39.3
40.3
40.5
39.6
40.6
41.5
43:0
40.0
41.6
40.9
41.5
41.4
41.2
41.5
41.3
39.6
41.9
41.0
40.7
40.2
41.6
41.1
41.0
41.8
41.7
41.2

42.8
44.5
44.0
42.1
41.7
42.0
41.2
41.3
40.9
41.9
42.6
40.7
42.4
41.4
41.5
43.2
42.9
43.6
45.4
42.8
47.5
43.2
41.8
41.6
42.0
42.0
41.0
42.7
42.4
42.6

42.9
45.1
44.8
42.7
42.3
42.7
41.8
41.6
41.9
42.3
42.6
41.7
42.6
41.9
41.1
43.2
43.3
43.2
44.6
42.8
46.3
42.7
41.9
41.6
42.4
41.9
40.5
42.8
43.3
42.4

42.0

4.3
6.3
6.2
3.8
3.4
3.9
3.3
2.4
2.8
4.1
4.3
3.7
4.6
3.7
3.4
4.7
4.4
5.0
5.0
4.3
6.0
3.7
4.0
3.7
4.6
3.6
2.9
3.8
3.5
3.8

4.0
6.5
6.4
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.4
2.3
3.1
4.4
5.3
3.7
4.4
3.9
3.9
4.1
3.9
4.3
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.5
3.8
3.3
4.5
3.3
2.9
3.8
3.7
3.8

4.9
6.5
6.2
4.0
3.7
4.2
3.7
4.1
3.1
4.5
5.2
3.6
4.9
4.0
3.8
5.7
5.4
6.0
6.5
5.2
7.9
4.8
4.7
4.4
5.1
4.0
2.6
4.6
4.3
4.0

5.1
6.9
6.4
4.6
4.4
4.8
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.8
5.6
4.3
4.9
4.4
4.2
5.6
5.3
5.9
6.3
5.5
7.7
4.6
4.7
4.2
5.6
4.3
2.9
4.5
4.6
4.0

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
See footnotes at end of table.

98



July
1994P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Average weekly earnings
July
1994P

June
1993

$11.83 $11.90 $12.09 $12.14 $12.14 $511.06
18.21
18.44
17.54
17.49
806.29
13.67
13.71
13.35
13.35
563.37
14.17
14.25
13.81
13.78
598.05
13.20
13.20
12.89
12.92
531.01
10.69
10.65
10.25
10.30
430.54
15.38
15.24
14.96
14.89
626.87
10.64
10.78
10.30
10.36
434.08
10.50
10.56
10.18
10.09
414.70
11.61
11.72
11.46
11.36
510.06
11.05
11.19
10.76
10.70
493.27
10.30
10.43
10.31
10.13
443.69
12.31
12.42
12.10
12.05
544.66
12.43
12.39
12.52
12.34
528.15
10.79
10.72
10.74
10.73
461.39
14.81
14.65
13.75
13.37
569.56

June
1994P

July
1993

May
1994

$510.51
766.50
566.04
600.74
532.36
417.18
632.81
425.39
412.29
513.41
493.88
450.55
544.50
534.60
446.78
583.00

$533.17
879.54
582.34
613.56
554.40
465.02
670.57
447.94
430.50
537.54
529.30
457.32
578.57
533.25
468.29
614.62

$536.59 $531.73
892.50
588.16
624.15
557.04
471.80
650.75
451.68

637.50
752.08
812.70
575.97
605.75
653.33
711.30
527.33
657.15
647.92
602.97
599.40
713.83
600.32
492.48
453.90

638.76
754.43
815.40
581.67
614.10
664.52
704.70
530.72
663.74
657.20
601.66
572.90
715.46
603.90
490.16
454.33

632.94
745.38

509.32
685.30
728.64
499.73
461.62
498.96
430.13
405.98
436.40
458.81
467.32
377.29
524.06
464.92
419.15
507.60
470.61
550.67
653.31
591.07
783.75
485.14
411.31
412.67
407.40
576.24
577.69
473.54
484.21
417.91

510.51
691.83
735.17
512.40
474.18
514.54
441.41
406.85
457.97
462.76
467.32
387.81
524.83
469.28
415.93
508.03
476.73
545.18
643.58
588.50
773.67
478.24
412.30
410.18
415.52
578.64
579.96
473.37
489.72
412.98

499.80

14.01
16.50
17.66
12.74
12.47
13.06
13.99
11.51
15.16
15.41
13.15
12.91
15.60
13.07
11.11
10.65

14.06
16.49
17.65
12.74
12.38
12.89
14.17
11.52
15.27
15.39
13.19
12.90
15.68
13.27
11.09
10.69

14.23
16.75
18.02
13.18
13.14
13.96
15.07
11.85
15.39
15.39
13.34
13.32
15.62
13.43
11.40
10.63

14.29
16.84
18.12
13.16
13.35
14.26
15.09
11.82
15.40
15.50
13.40
13.17
15.69
13.51
11.32
10.64

14.32 613.64
16.75 734.25
791.17
560.56
558.66
590.31
633.75
499.53
651.88
653.38
575.97
548.68
705.12
562.01
457.73
431.33

611.61
737.10
796.02
554.19
536.05
565.87
593.72
475.78
648.98
641.76
583.00
571.47
711.87
579.90
444.71
428.67

11.69
15.22
16.23
11.64
10.98
11.70
10.45
9.77
10.61
10.90
10.74
9.23
12.33
11.11
10.14
11.46
10.65
12.35
14.02
13.52
16.09
11.07
9.67
9.70
9.62
13.30
13.44
10.83
11.21
9.69

11.65
15.42
16.52
11.57
11.03
11.55
10.45
9.82
10.50
10.96
10.80
9.36
12.32
11.27
10.05
11.41
10.73
12.17
13.79
13.45
15.83
11.12
9.67
9.70
9.61
13.47
13.64
10.88
11.37
9.71

11.90
15.40
16.56
11.87
11.07
11.88
10.44
9.83
10.67
10.95
10.97
9.27
12.36
11.23
10.10
11.75
10.97
12.63
14.39
13.81
16.50
11.23
9.84
9.92
9.70
13.72
14.09
11.09
11.42
9.81

11.90
15.34
16.41
12.00
11.21
12.05
10.56
9.78
10.93
10.94
10.97
9.30
12.32
11.20
10.12
11.76
11.01
12.62
14.43
13.75
16.71
11.20
9.84
9.86
9.80
13.81
14.32
11.06
11.31
9.74

11.90 493.32
683.38
728.73
487.72
458.96
486.72
434.72
393.73
433.95
452.35
445.71
376.58
522.79
454.40
412.70
485.90
448.37
527.35
608.47
573.25
717.61
461.62
398.40
394.79
405.00
554.61
545.66
457.03
469.70
405.04

482.31
690.82
735.14
463.96
433.48
465.47
423.23
388.87
426.30
454.84
464.40
374.40
512.51
460.94
417.08
472.37
442.08
505.06
569.53
532.62
663.28
455.92
393.57
389.94
399.78
553.62
559.24
454.78
474.13
400.05

July
1994P

429.79
542.64
531.53

464.14
583.74
534.01

466.32
605.05

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

100



1987
SIC
Code

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354

3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
3585

359
3592
3596,9
36
361

3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651

366
3661
367

3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average weekly hours
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

42.9
44.2
44.3
44.1
42.5
43.5
43.8
44.3
40.0
46.8
43.2
40.8
43.3
42.7
43.2
43.9
42.2
42.2
42.6
41.8
41.7
42.4
42.6
42.6
42.7
43.9
41.3
43.3
42.3
41.9
41.8

42.6
45.1
43.8
45.6
42.1
42.3
44.2
44.8
40.5
46.5
44.1
40.5
43.1
42.5
43.3
43.8
42.3
43.3
41.7
40.5
41.7
41.4
42.6
43.0
42.7
41.8
42.1
43.3
42.5
41.7
42.3

43.7
44.6
42.8
45.4
44.2
43.7
44.0
44.0
43.3
46.6
43.4
41.9
43.9
44.8
44.9
44.2
43.1
41.9
43.6
41.6
43.2
43.3
43.8
44.4
45.0
45.5
42.1
43.5
43.7
43.0
43.2

43.7
45.2
42.3
46.3
43.1
43.4
43.8
43.1
43.0
46.0
44.0
42.3
44.1
44.9
45.1
44.3
43.4
43.0
43.5
41.9
42.8
43.8
43.9
44.0
45.4
45.3
42.7
43.3
44.2
43.2
44.3

42.0
43.3
44.2
42.4
43.6
42.4

42.4
42.0
42.6
41.8
41.0
41.9

42.3
43.9
44.9
43.1
43.3
43.1

42.8
44.3
45.4
43.0
43.5
43.0

41.5
42.0
42.0
41.9
42.3
42.5
41.5
40.2
40.6
39.7
40.7
41.2
43.7
40.0
41.7
38.4
40.8
40.5
42.2
43.1
41.4
40.9
42.4
40.1
42.0
42.2
42.4

41.1
41.4
41.5
41.2
41.8
41.7
41.7
40.4
43.3
35.8
41.1
41.1
42.8
39.9
41.1
38.2
40.4
39.8
42.5
43.6
40.4
41.0
41.7
39.1
41.7
43.3
41.9

42.1
42.0
41.8
42.2
42.8
43.4
41.2
41.0
41.2
41.2
41.9
42.4
47.3
41.3
43.6
38.5
41.2
41.4
42.3
43.7
41.7
41.6
42.1
40.7
43.2
43.8
43.9

42.3
42.5
42.4
42.7
43.8
44.9
42.0
41.0
41.8
40.8
40.9
42.4
46.4
41.6
42.8
39.0
41.7
41.6
42.6
44.4
41.8
42.7
42.1
41.0
42.9
43.6
43.6

Average overtime hours
July
1994P

43.1

41.4

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

4.6
5.1
5.4
5.0
3.6
4.3
4.9
4.6
3.5
6.6
5.5
3.5
5.2
4.3
4.7
6.1
3.8
3.9
4.8
4.2
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.3
5.6
4.7
3.8
6.0
3.7
3.3
3.1

4.5
4.3
3.9
4.5
4.1
4.5
5.2
4.7
3.8
6.7
6.2
3.8
5.2
4.3
5.0
6.1
3.7
4.7
4.5
3.7
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.8
5.3
3.8
4.1
5.3
3.8
3.1
3.1

5.3
5.8
4.7
6.2
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.9
4.4
6.1
5.4
4.6
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.5
4.8
3.7
5.3
3.9
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.4
7.0
6.0
3.6
6.7
5.3
3.4
3.2

5.3
5.8
4.5
6.4
4.4
4.9
5.7
6.0
5.1
5.8
6.0
4.9
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.6
4.7
5.0
5.3
4.0
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.0
7.5
5.4
4.0
6.5
5.4
3.6
3.9

3.7
4.7
5.2
4.6
5.1
4.7

3.4
4.5
5.0
4.3
3.8
4.4

3.3
5.4
6.0
5.2
6.2
5.2

3.7
5.8
6.5
5.2
6.1
5.2

3.7
4.1
4.2
3.9
3.6
3.8
3.0
2.5
2.4
1.7
2.8
3.4
3.9
2.8
2.8
1.8
3.7
3.3
3.3
3.3
4.1
4.1
5.0
3.2
4.3
3.8
5.1

3.5
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.1
2.9
3.5
2.0
3.2
3.5
3.7
2.9
2.9
2.2
3.5
2.8
3.4
3.5
3.7
4.5
5.0
2.8
3.7
4.2
3.7

4.1
3.9
3.5
4.2
4.4
4.8
3.3
2.8
2.4
2.3
3.0
4.2
5.9
3.7
3.5
2.1
4.5
4.1
3.5
4.2
4.2
4.9
4.6
3.6
5.0
5.7
5.6

4.3
4.2
4.0
4.4
5.1
5.8
4.0
3.0
2.7
3.6
2.4
4.3
5.7
3.9
3.5
2.2
4.8
4.4
4.0
4.6
4.3
5.2
4.6
3.6
4.7
5.5
5.1

July
1994P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
oooo
3568
357
3571

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Average weekly earnings
July
1994P

June
1993

$12.67 $12.76 $12.94 $12.93 $12.94 $543.54
16.37
16.09
16.11
712.06
16.20
16.96
16.51
16.59
734.94
16.93
16.14
15.92
15.90
15.93
701.19
12.28
12.08
11.86
12.35
504.05
13.41
12.79
12.85
13.42
558.98
13.02
13.01
12.87
12.95
563.71
14.42
14.60
14.43
14.26
639.25
13.35
13.03
12.93
13.60
517.20
11.86
11.86
11.66
11.80
545.69
12.09
11.95
11.85
12.13
511.92
11.29
11.20
11.11
11.33
453.29
13.58
13.33
13.29
13.56
575.46
13.91
13.58
13.57
13.85
579.44
13.87
13.56
13.40
13.83
578.88
14.08
13.95
13.86
14.08
608.45
11.97
11.66
11.75
11.96
495.85
11.22
11.05
11.02
11.23
465.04
13.41
13.21
13.12
13.44
558.91
11.53
11.30
11.25
11.54
470.25
15.42
14.71
14.69
15.60
612.57
12.98
12.90
12.93
13.06
548.23
12.69
12.39
12.39
12.70
527.81
13.63
13.11
13.02
13.54
554.65
14.10
13.50
13.64
14.22
582.43
12.92
12.47
12.33
12.80
541.29
10.48
10.52
10.55
10.54
435.72
13.57
13.34
13.28
13.65
575.02
12.69
12.33
12.18
12.66
515.21
13.05
12.64
12.41
13.06
519.98
14.16
13.79
13.41
14.18
560.54

June
1994P

July

July
1993

May
1994

$543.58
725.66
723.14
725.95
508.57
541.02
575.04
654.08
527.72
551.49
527.00
453.60
574.52
577.15
587.15
611.01
493.22
478.47
550.86
457.65
613.41
534.06
527.81
563.73
576.45
521.25
442.89
577.62
524.03
527.09
583.32

$565.48
730.10
725.89
732.76
542.78
586.02
572.88
634.48
578.06
552.68
524.71
473.05
596.16
623.17
622.76
622.34
515.91
470.12
584.68
479.65
666.14
562.03
555.82
605.17
634.50
587.86
441.21
590.30
554.55
561.15
611.71

$565.04 $557.71
732.24
716.14
737.56
532.29
582.43
567.21
614.61
584.80
542.80
533.72
479.26
598.00
621.87
623.73
623.74
519.06
482.89
584.64
483.53
667.68
572.03
557.53
595.76
645.59
579.84
450.06
591.05
559.57
564.19
628.17

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

12.60
11.53
11.66
12.16
13.37
11.83

12.61
11.57
11.77
12.15
13.01
11.85

12.97
11.57
11.75
12.36
13.42
12.04

12.85
11.61
11.76
12.34
13.59
11.99

529.20
499.25
515.37
515.58
582.93
501.59

534.66
485.94
501.40
507.87
533.41
496.52

548.63
507.92
527.58
532.72
581.09
518.92

549.98
514.32
533.90
530.62
591.17
515.57

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

11.25
10.92
10.30
11.59
10.65
9.94
11.91
10.29
11.28
12.54
8.15
11.10
11.44
10.83
10.53
8.48
10.96
11.29
11.68
12.56
11.33
13.14
14.77
9.53
12.49
13.53
13.21

11.26
11.03
10.46
11.64
10.69
9.92
12.02
10.50
11.58
12.43
8.25
11.01
11.41
10.90
10.59
8.55
10.86
11.10
11.68
12.57
11.33
13.05
14.76
9.48
12.42
13.37
13.00

11.49
11.30
10.73
11.92
10.83
10.12
12.26
10.73
11.84
13.24
8.33
11.31
11.83
11.17
10.50
8.43
11.73
12.32
12.26
13.62
11.27
13.27
14.14
9.64
12.79
13.94
13.34

11.54
11.28
10.81
11.79
10.85
10.13
12.36
10.78
11.47
13.46
8.46
11.30
11.74
11.20
10.48
8.41
11.73
12.31
12.42
13.92
11.37
13.24
14.39
9.75
12.80
13.94
13.35

11.61 466.88
458.64
432.60
485.62
450.50
422.45
494.27
413.66
457.97
497.84
331.71
457.32
499.93
433.20
439.10
325.63
447.17
457.25
492.90
541.34
469.06
537.43
626.25
382.15
524.58
570.97
560.10

462.79
456.64
434.09
479.57
446.84
413.66
501.23
424.20
501.41
444.99
339.08
452.51
488.35
434.91
435.25
326.61
438.74
441.78
496.40
548.05
457.73
535.05
615.49
370.67
517.91
578.92
544.70

483.73
474.60
448.51
503.02
463.52
439.21
505.11
439.93
487.81
545.49
349.03
479.54
559.56
461.32
457.80
324.56
483.28
510.05
518.60
595.19
469.96
552.03
595.29
392.35
552.53
610.57
585.63

488.14
479.40
458.34
503.43
475.23
454.84
519.12
441.98
479.45
549.17
346.01
479.12
544.74
465.92
448.54
327.99
489.14
512.10
529.09
618.05
475.27
565.35
605.82
399.75
549.12
607.78
582.06

480.65

See footnotes at end of table.




101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373

3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949

382
3822
3823
3825
384

3841
3842
385

386
387

395

396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
See footnotes at end of table.

102



20
201
2011

2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

Average weekly hours

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Average overtime hours
July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

43.0
44.7
44.2
44.8
45.3
43.1
41.3
40.8
42.5
41.3
39.6
39.9
39.0
43.0
41.0
41.3
40.0
39.1

41.8
42.5
42.0
44.3
42.6
42.6
41.4
41.0
43.6
40.7
39.8
40.2
38.8
40.6
42.0
42.9
40.4
40.4

44.6
46.5
46.9
45.2
46.8
42.8
41.8
41.0
42.6
42.5
41.8
42.1
41.2
44.0
41.8
42.2
40.0
38.2

44.3
46.1
46.2
44.9
46.4
43.3
42.2
41.1
43.5
43.1
40.9
41.4
40.0
46.2
41.7
42.0
39.3
38.6

42.4
43.2

5.1
6.3
6.4
5.4
6.7
4.8
3.7
3.6
4.2
3.5
2.7
2.5
3.1
4.1
2.8
3.3
3.2
2.7

3.7
3.9
3.4
4.4
4.2
4.5
3.8
3.7
4.9
3.3
2.6
2.5
2.8
2.6
3.0
3.5
3.4
3.0

6.3
7.9
8.8
6.3
7.9
4.5
4.3
3.9
4.7
4.7
3.5
3.3
3.9
4.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.1

6.3
7.7
8.4
6.2
7.8
5.3
4.6
4.1
5.2
5.0
3.2
3.2
3.3
6.0
3.3
3.3
2.8
2.4

41.3
40.7
41.4
41.1
40.9
41.8
41.1
42.1
40.1
40.0
42.8
41.8

40.6
40.4
40.5
39.5
40.4
40.8
40.6
41.2
39.9
39.8
42.4
38.2

41.6
41.0
42.2
42.4
42.4
42.2
41.2
41.7
40.4
39.3
43.2
41.9

41.8
41.6
42.4
42.6
42.5
42.0
41.1
41.6
40.4
39.6
43.8
42.0

41.4

2.7
1.9
2.5
3.0
2.2
2.2
2.9
3.3
2.5
2.3
4.4
2.5

2.6
1.9
2.3
2.7
2.2
1.8
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.1
4.5
2.2

3.0
2.0
3.0
3.5
2.8
2.4
3.1
3.4
2.7
2.3
4.9
3.0

3.2
2.2
3.2
4.0
2.9
2.6
3.2
3.5
2.8
2.4
5.3
3.8

39.5
38.1
37.6
39.0
39.7
38.1
40.6
40.3
39.8
38.4
39.7
39.8

38.9
36.3
35.7
38.5
39.3
37.7
40.3
41.0
37.8
36.8
39.4
39.8

40.0
38.5
38.1
40.8
40.4
38.4
41.5
41.0
39.1
38.3
40.1
41.1

40.1
38.2
37.6
40.7
40.6
38.6
41.6
41.2
39.4
38.9
40.2
41.0

39.2

2.5
1.7
1.5
1.6
2.5
1.6
3.0
2.8
2.4
1.4
3.0
2.9

2.5
1.0
1.0
1.7
2.7
1.8
3.2
2.9
2.2
2.0
2.9
2.9

2.8
2.1
2.2
2.9
3.1
1.7
3.9
2.8
2.4
2.2
3.0
3.5

2.8
2.0
1.9
2.8
2.9
1.9
3.4
3.2
2.3
2.2
3.0
3.7

40.6

40.3

40.8

41.1

40.7

3.9

3.9

4.0

4.2

40.5
40.3
41.5
42.5
38.8
42.1
40.2
42.5
38.9
43.3
39.3
37.8
44.4
46.1
43.5

40.6
40.3
40.9
42.7
39.1
42.2
40.2
42.6
39.1
42.7
39.9
36.9
44.5
47.0
43.4

40.8
40.7
42.7
43.2
38.7
41.4
38.5
41.9
40.3
41.2
40.3
39.9
43.1
44.9
42.1

41.1
41.5
42.8
44.1
39.8
42.2
40.1
42.3
39.8
42.7
40.1
39.3
43.8
44.9
43.1

41.4

4.5
4.2
4.9
5.6
3.4
4.8
3.3
4.5
4.2
5.8
3.7
4.0
6.6
6.3
5.9

4.9
4.3
4.7
5.8
3.6
4.8
3.2
4.7
5.0
5.7
5.7
4.8
6.6
6.8
6.2

4.4
4.2
5.2
5.8
3.1
4.4
2.9
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.0
5.7
5.6
5.5

4.7
4.6
5.1
6.1
3.7
5.0
3.9
4.7
4.4
4.2
4.9
4.0
6.2
5.8
6.0

July
1994P

4.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Average weekly earnings
July
1994P

June
1993

$15.77 $15.53 $16.41 $16.43 $16.25 $678.11
16.64 719.67
16.91
16.91
16.10 15.66
863.23
19.11 20.78 20.72
19.53
14.23
620.03
13.16
14.22
13.84
15.25
667.27
14.32
15.35
14.73
9.97
420.66
9.71
10.00
9.76
17.90
706.23
17.19
17.95
17.10

ft

0

0

ft

$16.52 $16.60 $17.32 $17.20
15.74
16.06
15.67
16.12
12.30
12.41
12.39
12.43
13.39
13.77
13.43
13.79
9.88
9.78
10.00
9.80
15.03
15.58
14.86
15.65
16.60
17.26 17.26
16.80

0

O

ft

ft

$11.17 $11.16 $10.84 $10.85
10.81
10.72
10.53
10.93
12.37
12.24
12.18
12.42
16.71
16.10
16.09
16.74
12.21
12.08
12.01
12.20
10.93
10.86
10.75
10.92
11.76
11.63
11.65
11.76
13.36
13.21
12.95
13.42
11.01
10.86
10.84
11.06
10.72
10.77
10.74
10.75
10.40
10.20
10.12
10.43
8.72
9.30
9.28
8.76
15.19
14.85
14.82
14.71
8.45
8.32
8.21
8.46

$702.10
650.06
487.08
534.26
385.32
646.29
680.60

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

$649.15
665.55
802.62
582.99
610.03
413.65
711.67

$731.89
786.32
974.58
643.20
713.70
426.72
748.22

$727.85 $689.00
779.55 718.85
957.26
638.46
712.24
433.00
757.49

$723.76
637.77
493.12
539.89
388.00
603.32
705.60

$737.83
682.55
518.74
579.72
402.94
685.52
721.47

$748.20
694.77
508.39
570.91
392.00
723.03
719.74

July
1994P

$446.80 $450.86 $433.60 $426.41
422.67 441.57 402.25 413.79
12.50 503.03
654.86
497.21
441.83
476.49
541.31
445.52
452.15
405.81
348.80
629.59
343.18

496.94
650.44
489.24
428.97
469.85
538.97
440.92
443.72
406.98
348.65
628.37
317.82

514.59
685.11
515.26
463.43
498.62
563.79
453.61
447.02
420.16
364.70
641.52
354.06

519.16
696.38
517.28
465.19
499.80
563.64
454.57
447.20
421.37
368.28
665.32
355.32

517.50

9.36
9.65
9.54
8.95
8.80
8.46
8.99
10.40
8.06
7.20
9.80
9.97

9.39
9.57
9.45
9.38
8.87
8.44
9.11
10.36
8.36
7.60
9.71
9.88

9.59
9.85
9.78
9.64
8.94
8.83
9.00
10.72
8.29
7.14
10.03
10.16

9.58
9.91
9.84
9.60
8.94
8.85
8.98
10.81
8.28
7.13
9.97
10.12

9.57 369.72
367.67
358.70
349.05
349.36
322.33
364.99
419.12
320.79
276.48
389.06
396.81

365.27
347.39
337.37
361.13
348.59
318.19
367.13
424.76
316.01
279.68
382.57
393.22

383.60
379.23
372.62
393.31
361.18
339.07
373.50
439.52
324.14
273.46
402.20
417.58

384.16
378.56
369.98
390.72
362.96
341.61
373.57
445.37
326.23
277.36
400.79
414.92

375.14

10.95

11.01

11.20

11.22

11.29 444.57

443.70

456.96

461.14

459.50

10.47
8.47
9.22
9.92
7.44
11.61
10.45
12.39
10.10
13.26
10.66
9.00
12.74
10.68
10.11

10.49
8.53
9.31
9.98
7.48
11.61
10.34
12.39
10.13
13.22
10.48
9.14
12.79
10.65
10.16

10.66
8.66
9.39
10.05
7.65
11.92
10.56
12.62
10.23
13.50
10.70
9.28
12.93
10.82
10.47

10.66
8.66
9.33
10.07
7.69
11.93
10.66
12.66
10.17
13.53
10.52
9.09
13.08
10.91
10.60

10.69 424.04
341.34
382.63
421.60
288.67
488.78
420.09
526.58
392.89
574.16
418.94
340.20
565.66
492.35
439.79

425.89
343.76
380.78
426.15
292.47
489.94
415.67
527.81
396.08
564.49
418.15
337.27
569.16
500.55
440.94

434.93
352.46
400.95
434.16
296.06
493.49
406.56
528.78
412.27
556.20
431.21
370.27
557.28
485.82
440.79

438.13
359.39
399.32
444.09
306.06
503.45
427.47
535.52
404.77
577.73
421.85
357.24
572.90
489.86
456.86

442.57

See footnotes at end of table.




103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

205
2051

39.9
39.6

39.5
39.5

40.1
39.7

39.8
39.4

4.7
4.8

4.6
4.8

4.4
4.7

4.5
4.7

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

40.4
39.6
42.6
42.7
38.8
38.6
43.3
42.0
42.9
42.0
39.0

39.5
39.9
45.2
46.5
40.5
39.1
43.6
42.6
42.9
43.5
39.7

40.8
39.0
47.9
44.6
41.0
36.7
43.0
43.1
45.4
43.2
39.1

40.5
40.2
44.1
46.7
40.4
38.8
44.2
43.5
45.7
44.0
39.5

4.6
3.1
4.5
5.7
4.1
2.5
5.5
5.4
7.5
5.3
4.2

4.3
3.7
5.7
8.4
4.6
3.0
6.0
6.0
7.5
6.3
4.9

3.8
2.7
4.2
4.9
3.2
2.0
5.3
6.3
8.5
6.6
3.8

4.1
3.3
4.3
6.3
4.3
2.7
5.8
6.7
8.5
7.2
4.3

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

38.6
38.0

36.0
35.4

38.8
39.2

40.3
40.9

37.8

2.4
2.2

2.3
2.3

2.8
3.0

3.2
3.5

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

41.8
41.3
42.0
44.5
40.7
40.4
38.4
39.2
40.2
40.5
41.3
43.7
43.3
43.1
44.2
41.5
41.9
38.0
43.4

40.9
40.2
41.1
44.1
40.4
39.7
36.0
39.4
40.4
40.1
40.2
42.2
43.2
39.6
43.4
40.1
40.6
36.0
42.6

41.8
42.4
42.0
44.8
40.7
39.7
37.7
39.1
38.7
39.1
42.4
44.3
45.0
42.4
42.6
42.0
42.4
39.1
43.5

42.4
42.9
42.0
43.9
40.9
41.1
41.3
40.4
40.6
40.2
42.2
44.2
44.8
42.6
43.1
42.3
42.8
39.2
43.8

41.3

4.5
5.3
4.3
6.6
2.9
3.5
2.2
3.3
2.9
2.3
4.8
6.0
5.9
5.5
5.6
4.6
4.7
3.1
4.7

4.2
5.0
3.9
6.3
2.9
3.2
1.7
3.5
3.1
2.1
4.2
5.2
5.8
4.2
5.9
4.1
4.1
3.3
4.4

4.8
5.6
4.5
7.0
3.4
3.5
2.6
3.6
2.7
1.5
5.5
6.4
6.4
5.4
5.7
4.9
5.1
3.6
5.3

5.1
6.3
4.8
6.7
3.4
3.8
3.9
4.0
3.1
1.9
5.4
6.5
6.7
5.6
6.3
4.9
5.1
3.5
5.7

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.4
36.8
37.4
36.4
37.5
37.4
36.2
36.0
36.1
36.3
36.2
38.2
38.7
35.9
37.5
37.1
37.3
38.9
37.1
37.2
40.3

37.0
36.5
36.9
35.5
37.5
37.2
36.3
36.0
35.8
37.1
36.3
37.0
37.3
35.5
37.1
36.9
37.2
37.9
36.3
36.9
38.3

37.7
36.7
37.8
36.6
37.1
37.8
36.4
35.8
37.7
36.3
36.1
38.0
37.7
39.1
37.5
37.0
37.9
39.5
39.3
37.4
40.3

38.0
37.1
38.2
37.2
37.8
38.2
36.3
36.7
37.0
35.9
36.2
38.6
38.5
38.9
38.2
37.1
37.5
40.3
39.7
38.3
41.3

37.2

1.8
1.1
1.6
1.1
2.0
1.3
1.6
1.1
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.9
2.0
1.5
2.0
1.9
1.7
2.7
1.6
1.8
3.3

1.7
1.1
1.5
1.0
1.9
1.3
1.6
1.3
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.2
2.3
1.6
2.0
2.2

2.0
1.1
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.7
1.1
2.8
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.7
2.2
1.9
2.0
2.1
3.1
2.3
1.7
3.7

2.2
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.5
2.7
1.5
1.5
2.6
2.5
2.9
2.6
2.4
1.7
3.6
2.7
2.6
4.3

Paper and allied products
Paper mills

26
262
263

43.6
45.7
44.9

43.2
44.9
44.6

43.8
45.4
45.4

44.0
45.2
44.9

43.9

5.2
6.1
6.4

5.4
6.2
6.7

5.4
6.0
6.9

5.5
5.7
6.8

Paperboard mills
See footnotes at end of table.

104



July
1994P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

205
2051

Average hourly earnings
June

1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994 P

$11.72 $11.76 $11.64 $11.76
11.69 11.75
11.64 11.74

Average weekly earnings
July
1994P

June

1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

$467.63 $464.52 $466.76 $468.05
462.92 464.13 462.11 462.56

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

11.77
11.52
10.87
15.69
12.86
10.60
11.09
14.53
19.82
11.91
9.49

11.78
11.64
10.37
16.11
13.00
10.66
11.15
14.69
20.03
12.13
9.37

11.63
11.79
11.12
15.49
13.16
10.76
11.17
14.95
20.52
12.36
9.67

11.79
11.82
11.25
15.70
13.42
10.80
11.34
14.91
20.36
12.23
9.65

475.51
456.19
463.06
669.96
498.97
409.16
480.20
610.26
850.28
500.22
370.11

465.31
464.44
468.72
749.12
526.50
416.81
486.14
625.79
859.29
527.66
371.99

474.50
459.81
532.65
690.85
539.56
394.89
480.31
644.35
931.61
533.95
378.10

477.50
475.16
496.13
733.19
542.17
419.04
501.23
648.59
930.45
538.12
381.18

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

18.00
20.89

18.39
21.18

19.98
23.17

20.30 $20.24 694.80
23.41
793.82

662.04
749.77

775.22
908.26

818.09 $765.07
957.47

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

8.86
9.25
9.63
9.46
8.12
8.12
7.56
7.75
7.77
8.15
9.19
9.15
9.05
9.65
8.84
8.62
8.58
8.95
10.37

8.87
9.30
9.70
9.40
8.24
8.09
7.53
7.79
7.71
8.14
9.16
9.12
9.10
9.53
8.98
8.59
8.54
9.06
10.41

9.07
9.38
10.04
9.60
8.29
8.31
7.77
8.05
7.76
8.29
9.34
9.26
8.94
9.84
9.09
8.86
8.81
9.29

9.11 370.35
382.03
404.46
420.97
330.48
328.05
290.30
303.80
312.35
330.08
379.55
399.86
391.87
415.92
390.73
357.73
359.50
340.10
450.06

362.78
373.86
398.67
414.54
332.90
321.17
271.08
306.93
311.48
326.41
368.23
384.86
393.12
377.39
389.73
344.46
346.72
326.16
443.47

379.13
397.71
421.68
430.08
337.40
329.91
292.93
314.76
300.31
324.14
396.02
410.22
402.30
417.22
387.23
372.12
373.54
363.24
448.92

386.69
408.41
422.10
424.51
338.24
342.77
326.68
325.22
316.27
334.87
398.79
414.60
409.47
423.87
395.66
374.36
377.07
363.78
455.52

376.24

10.32

9.12
9.52
10.05
9.67
8.27
8.34
7.91
8.05
7.79
8.33
9.45
9.38
9.14
9.95
9.18
8.85
8.81
9.28
10.40

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

7.07
7.69
6.68
6.67
6.52
6.42
6.68
6.16
7.24
7.04
6.54
6.84
6.63
7.81
6.40
6.32
6.84
8.25
7.16
7.23
10.55

7.01
7.80
6.67
6.65
6.54
6.48
6.68
6.09
7.37
7.01
6.53
6.78
6.58
7.69
6.37
6.28
6.78
8.03
7.25
7.26
9.79

7.28
7.88
6.92
6.90
6.76
6.62
6.90
6.37
7.44
7.38
6.75
6.92
6.73
7.66
6.54
6.40
6.93
8.40
7.27
7.46
10.86

7.33
7.92
6.98
6.96
6.83
6.63
6.91
6.42
7.51
7.45
6.75
6.97
6.76
7.81
6.57
6.47
6.88
8.52
7.32
7.57
11.09

7.31 264.42
282.99
249.83
242.79
244.50
240.11
241.82
221.76
261.36
255.55
236.75
261.29
256.58
280.38
240.00
234.47
255.13
320.93
265.64
268.96
425.17

259.37
284.70
246.12
236.08
245.25
241.06
242.48
219.24
263.85
260.07
237.04
250.86
245.43
273.00
236.33
231.73
252.22
304.34
263.18
267.89
374.96

274.46
289.20
261.58
252.54
250.80
250.24
251.16
228.05
280.49
267.89
243.68
262.96
253.72
299.51
245.25
236.80
262.65
331.80
285.71
279.00
437.66

278.54
293.83
266.64
258.91
258.17
253.27
250.83
235.61
277.87
267.46
244.35
269.04
260.26
303.81
250.97
240.04
258.00
343.36
290.60
289.93
458.02

271.93

Paper and allied products
Paper mills

26
262
263

13.38
16.48
16.61

13.49
16.74
16.80

13.70
16.96
17.13

13.68
16.95
17.16

13.89 583.37
753.14
745.79

582.77
751.63
749.28

600.06
769.98
777.70

601.92
766.14
770.48

609.77

Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

Paperboard mills
See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

Average weekly hours
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Average overtime hours
July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

4.9
5.4
5.0
4.7
4.3
3.9
5.0
3.0

5.3
5.7
5.5
5.2
4.6
3.6
5.3
3.4

5.5
5.9
5.3
5.7
4.4
3.9
4.6
3.6

5.8
6.4
6.2
5.5
4.6
4.1
5.2
3.3

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

43.3
44.0
43.4
42.7
42.1
42.4
42.2
40.5

43.1
43.6
43.6
43.0
41.7
41.7
41.8
40.6

44.0
44.5
44.7
44.1
42.0
42.2
41.4
41.8

44.4
45.2
45.0
44.0
42.5
42.6
42.1
41.6

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273

38.1
32.8
37.4
40.0
39.4
40.7
37.0
39.6
39.5
39.5
41.7
38.5
39.1

38.4
33.1
37.3
41.4
40.8
42.0
37.2
39.7
39.4
40.2
40.7
39.5
39.4

38.4
33.2
37.3
40.4
40.1
40.8
36.9
39.8
39.6
39.9
41.1
39.6
39.3

38.5

2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

38.0
33.2
37.2
40.3
39.5
41.2
36.5
39.4
39.3
39.3
41.1
38.7
39.1

2.7
1.2
2.5
3.0
2.1
4.0
1.6
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.4
1.8
3.9

2.9
1.1
2.3
3.5
2.3
5.0
1.8
3.6
3.4
3.5
4.4
2.0
4.1

3.1
1.3
2.0
3.9
3.1
4.7
2.5
3.9
3.7
3.9
3.4
2.3
4.1

3.0
1.3
2.7
2.9
2.4
3.5
2.1
3.8
3.6
3.8
4.0
2.1
4.0

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

43.1
43.8
43.4
44.1
44.5
43.8
40.8
40.6
41.9
42.4
41.5
41.8
43.1
45.8
44.9
46.0
44.3
43.2

43.0
43.6
43.5
43.9
44.5
43.3
41.2
40.9
42.2
43.4
41.2
42.1
42.9
45.0
43.6
45.3
44.0
42.8

43.2
44.2
43.4
44.1
45.3
43.2
40.9
40.5
41.1
41.8
40.7
41.0
43.8
46.0
45.2
46.2
45.3
43.1

43.3
44.4
43.5
44.5
45.4
43.7
41.1
40.8
41.4
42.8
41.0
40.9
44.4
45.2
46.0
45.0
45.1
43.5

43.1

4.7
4.7
5.0
5.9
6.2
5.4
3.5
3.4
3.5
4.1
4.2
2.7
4.8
6.4
8.2
6.0
5.2
4.7

4.8
5.3
5.8
5.9
6.5
5.1
3.6
3.6
3.7
4.6
4.1
2.9
4.8
6.0
7.0
5.8
5.2
4.8

4.9
5.4
5.2
6.2
7.0
5.4
3.7
3.6
3.2
3.8
3.3
2.7
5.2
6.1
8.0
5.6
5.9
4.8

5.1
5.4
5.2
6.5
7.2
5.8
3.9
3.7
3.5
4.7
3.8
2.8
5.5
6.3
8.1
5.9
5.9
4.9

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

,

29
291
295

44.1
43.5
47.0

44.0
43.6
46.3

43.8
43.0
46.9

43.9
43.1
47.3

43.5

6.2
5.2

6.1
5.1
9.9

6.2
5.1

10.1

6.0
5.0
9.9

10.4

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

,
,

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

42.0
43.8
42.0
42.0
43.8
41.7
41.8

41.1
42.9
42.6
40.8
41.8
40.1
41.1

42.3
43.7
40.3
42.5
43.8
42.0
42.1

42.6
44.9
41.3
42.0
43.4
42.0
42.5

41.5

4.4
6.1
3.4
4.2
5.0
3.8
4.3

4.1
6.4
4.7
3.8
4.6
3.3
4.0

4.6
5.6
1.7
5.0
5.4
4.2
4.6

4.9
6.7
2.6
4.7
5.2
4.3
4.8

31

38.5
41.6
38.3
38.3
37.9
40.5
36.1

38.2
40.8
37.9
36.7
39.6
38.6
36.8

38.4
43.5
37.6
37.1
37.9
37.8
37.6

38.7
43.7
37.9
37.0
38.4
37.8
37.3

37.4

2.1
4.7
1.8
2.0
1.5
2.6
.6

2.2
4.8
1.7
1.6
1.9
2.2
.9

2.3
5.7
1.6
1.7
1.2
2.1
1.7

2.5
6.0
1.7
1.6
1.6
2.2
2.2

39.7

40.0

40.0

40.2

40.3

45.8

46.6

46.6

46.1

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

311

314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3
See footnotes at end of table.

106



4011

July
1994P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

1987
SIC
Code

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

$11.30 $11.42 $11.70 $11.69
11.36
11.53
11.67
11.75
11.29
11.25
11.52
11.44
11.81
11.94
12.48
12.31
11.78
11.79
11.94
11.93
13.40
13.50
13.81
13.85
11.18
11.35
11.14
11.26
10.96
10.87
11.08
11.14

Average weekly earnings
July
1994"

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

$489.29
499.84
489.99
504.29
495.94
568.16
471.80
443.88

$492.20
502.71
490.50
513.42
491.64
562.95
474.43
441.32

$514.80
519.32
514.94
550.37
501.48
582.78
461.20
463.14

$519.04
531.10
514.80
541.64
507.03
590.01
474.05
463.42

July
1994P

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

11.83
11.79
13.22
10.87
10.54
11.25
11.10
11.96
12.06
11.60
12.52
9.20
14.64

11.91
11.83
13.28
11.05
10.70
11.44
11.12
12.05
12.16
11.64
12.61
9.24
14.78

12.05
12.00
13.48
11.11
10.58
11.70
11.42
12.20
12.32
11.74
12.81
9.58
14.86

12.07 $12.11 449.54
391.43
12.02
491.78
13.57
438.06
11.15
416.33
10.64
463.50
11.75
405.15
11.66
471.22
12.21
473.96
12.35
455.88
11.72
514.57
12.92
356.04
9.50
572.42
14.82

453.77
388.02
496.67
442.00
421.58
465.61
411.44
477.18
480.32
459.78
525.84
355.74
577.90

462.72
397.20
502.80
459.95
431.66
491.40
424.82
484.34
485.41
471.95
521.37
378.41
585.48

463.49
399.06
506.16
450.46
426.66
479.40
430.25
485.96
489.06
467.63
531.01
376.20
582.43

$466.24

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

14.75
16.13
16.55
15.19
16.39
13.95
14.72
14.77
12.31
15.72
11.71
10.54
12.63
17.63
17.21
17.86
14.86
13.37

14.82
16.39
16.79
15.24
16.45
13.89
14.73
14.82
12.24
15.85
11.65
10.35
12.67
17.69
17.34
17.90
15.18
13.60

15.10
16.69
17.04
15.51
17.18
13.69
14.76
14.71
12.66
16.33
11.70
11.15
13.05
18.14
17.72
18.36
14.81
13.90

15.13
16.79
17.10
15.56
17.21
13.64
14.77
14.73
12.73
16.35
11.75
11.21
13.03
18.20
17.58
18.48
15.08
13.87

15.17 635.73
706.49
718.27
669.88
729.36
611.01
600.58
599.66
515.79
666.53
485.97
440.57
544.35
807.45
772.73
821.56
658.30
577.58

637.26
714.60
730.37
669.04
732.03
601.44
606.88
606.14
516.53
687.89
479.98
435.74
543.54
796.05
756.02
810.87
667.92
582.08

652.32
737.70
739.54
683.99
778.25
591.41
603.68
595.76
520.33
682.59
476.19
457.15
571.59
834.44
800.94
848.23
670.89
599.09

655.13
745.48
743.85
692.42
781.33
596.07
607.05
600.98
527.02
699.78
481.75
458.49
578.53
822.64
808.68
831.60
680.11
603.35

653.83

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

18.47
20.50
13.75

18.43
20.38
13.86

18.81
20.86
14.09

18.92
21.03
14.26

18.94 814.53
891.75
646.25

810.92
888.57
641.72

823.88
896.98
660.82

830.59
906.39
674.50

823.89

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

10.54
17.50
7.65
10.54
10.82
9.97
9.82

10.58
17.53
7.59
10.61
10.88
10.01
9.86

10.69
17.72
7.82
10.92
11.15
10.24
9.96

10.72
18.02
7.67
10.91
11.14
10.16
10.00

10.77 442.68
766.50
321.30
442.68
473.92
415.75
410.48

434.84
752.04
323.33
432.89
454.78
401.40
405.25

452.19
774.36
315.15
464.10
488.37
430.08
419.32

456.67
809.10
316.77
458.22
483.48
426.72
425.00

446.96

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

7.57
9.97
7.14
7.65
6.60
7.83
6.77

7.56
9.90
7.15
7.71
6.60
7.54
6.89

7.94
10.57
7.43
7.97
6.97
8.11
7.24

7.95
10.70
7.45
8.01
6.99
7.95
7.19

7.93 291.45
414.75
273.46
293.00
250.14
317.12
244.40

288.79
403.92
270.99
282.96
261.36
291.04
253.55

304.90
459.80
279.37
295.69
264.16
306.56
272.22

307.67
467.59
282.36
296.37
268.42
300.51
268.19

296.58

13.57

13.63

13.76

13.73

13.83 538.73

545.20

550.40

551.95

557.35

16.84

17.01

16.38

16.40

771.27

792.67

763.31

756.04

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

See footnotes at end of table.




107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

413

34.2
38.7
38.9

34.9
38.1
40.2

34.8
38.2
38.4

34.1
38.3
37.3

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

39.0
38.9
39.7

39.0
39.0
39.6

39.6
39.6
39.8

39.9
39.9
39.9

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

36.1

35.7

36.3

36.0

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

41.3

41.4

43.9

43.8

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

36.8
36.1
36.2
37.1

37.0
36.1
36.1
37.6

37.7
36.3
36.3
39.4

37.2
35.7
35.8
38.9

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

39.7
41.3
41.5
34.6
39.1

39.9
41.7
41.8
34.6
39.3

39.4
40.9
40.7
35.0
38.8

39.7
41.3
41.5
35.1
38.9

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49

42.5
42.4
42.0
43.3
43.0

42.5
42.3
42.3
43.3
43.0

42.2
42.2
42.7
41.7
42.5

42.5
42.9
42.2
42.1
42.5

38.3

38.3

38.6

38.5

41
411

491

492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

38.9
38.7
37.0
40.2
38.9
38.2
40.5
38.2
38.8
39.5
37.4

38.9
38.8
37.1
40.3
39.1
38.2
40.5
38.2
38.8
39.6
37.2

39.2
38.5
37.1
40.4
39.5
38.7
41.2
38.8
39.1
39.8
38.0

39.1
38.5
36.8
40.4
39.2
38.1
41.2
38.7
39.1
39.6
38.0

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511

37.5
36.4
36.9
36.7
38.6
35.4
39.8
37.5
37.2
36.7

37.6
36.2
37.2
36.4
38.6
35.8
39.9
37.8
37.7
36.5

37.7
36.4
37.4
36.3
38.6
36.4
40.0
38.1
36.9
37.6

37.7
35.9
37.3
36.5
38.9
35.9
39.9
37.8
36.9
37.3

29.0

29.6

28.9

29.2

512
513
514

515
516
517
518
519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

36.9
39.0
36.8
32.7
33.9

37.2
39.1
36.5
33.1
34.5

36.8
38.6
36.3
32.2
35.0

37.1
39.0
36.7
32.7
34.1

General merchandise stores
Department stores

53
531

29.3
29.4

29.6
29.7

29.4
29.5

30.2
30.3

See footnotes at end of table.

108



Average overtime hours
July
1994P

38.4

29.7

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Average weekly earnings
July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

411
413

$9.98 $10.04
10.61
10.58
12.78 12.77

$9.99 $10.18
10.68
10.71
12.77
12.99

$341.32 $350.40 $347.65 $347.14
410.61 403.10 407.98 410.19
497.14 513.35 490.37 484.53

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

12.33
12.50
10.07

12.32
12.49
10.12

12.59
12.77
10.14

12.49
12.67
10.12

480.87
486.25
399.78

480.48
487.11
400.75

498.56
505.69
403.57

498.35
505.53
403.79

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

16.68

16.64

17.68

17.21

602.15

594.05

641.78

619.56

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

19.36

19.16

20.37

20.09

799.57

793.22

894.24

879.94

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

11.05
10.09
10.00
12.43

11.07
10.15
10.07
12.37

11.59
10.84
10.89
12.77

11.47
10.65
10.67
12.71

406.64
364.25
362.00
461.15

409.59
366.42
363.53
465.11

436.94
393.49
395.31
503.14

426.68
380.21
381.99
494.42

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

14.86
15.52
15.70
14.36
11.58

14.86
15.52
15.68
14.30
11.58

15.07
15.78
16.12
14.53
11.62

15.18
15.81
16.15
14.97
11.67

589.94
640.98
651.55
496.86
452.78

592.91
647.18
655.42
494.78
455.09

593.76
645.40
656.08
508.55
450.86

602.65
652.95
670.23
525.45
453.96

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

16.58
17.14
16.13
19.84
11.98

16.72
17.36
16.10
19.95
12.11

17.28
18.12
16.71
20.61
12.20

17.13
17.85
16.50
20.56
12.24

704.65
726.74
677.46
859.07
515.14

710.60
734.33
681.03
863.84
520.73

729.22
764.66
713.52
859.44
518.50

728.03
765.77
696.30
865.58
520.20

11.66

11.73

11.98

11.94 $11.99 446.58

449.26

462.43

459.69

,

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
,
Lumber and other construction materials
,
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
,
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
,
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

11.98
10.48
10.64
11.12
14.44
13.14
12.01
12.39
11.24
11.85
9.36

12.07
10.61
10.67
11.15
14.61
13.13
12.04
12.51
11.30
11.88
9.49

12.37
10.87
10.94
11.44
14.88
13.03
12.31
12.87
11.74
12.35
9.74

12.33
10.84
11.01
11.43
14.83
13.19
12.17
12.76
11.77
12.33
9.76

466.02
405.58
393.68
447.02
561.72
501.95
486.41
473.30
436.11
468.08
350.06

469.52
411.67
395.86
449.35
571.25
501.57
487.62
477.88
438.44
470.45
353.03

484.90
418.50
405.87
462.18
587.76
504.26
507.17
499.36
459.03
491.53
370.12

482.10
417.34
405.17
461.77
581.34
502.54
501.40
493.81
460.21
488.27
370.88

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

11.22
11.85
13.42
10.89
11.46
8.37
13.14
10.46
13.04
9.41

11.26
11.88
13.35
10.98
11.49
8.36
13.23
10.53
13.11
9.46

11.46
12.00
13.99
11.32
11.78
8.70
13.31
10.71
13.16
9.53

11.41
11.84
13.98
11.14
11.70
8.66
13.14
10.74
13.20
9.52

420.75
431.34
495.20
399.66
442.36
296.30
522.97
392.25
485.09
345.35

423.38
430.06
496.62
399.67
443.51
299.29
527.88
398.03
494.25
345.29

432.04
436.80
523.23
410.92
454.71
316.68
532.40
408.05
485.60
358.33

430.16
425.06
521.45
406.61
455.13
310.89
524.29
405.97
487.08
355.10

7.26

7.24

7.47

7.45

7.46 210.54

214.30

215.88

217.54

,

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

8.59
8.95
9.23
7.39
7.45

8.62
8.95
9.19
7.38
7.59

8.76
9.08
9.48
7.57
7.63

8.75
9.05
9.44
7.50
7.73

316.97
349.05
339.66
241.65
252.56

320.66
349.95
335.44
244.28
261.86

322.37
350.49
344.12
243.75
267.05

324.63
352.95
346.45
245.25
263.59

General merchandise stores
Department stores

53
531

7.30
7.30

7.26
7.26

7.49
7.45

7.50
7.47

213.89
214.62

214.90
215.62

220.21
219.78

226.50
226.34

July
1994P

$460.42

221.56

See footnotes at end of table.




109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
Industry—Continued

Industry

I trade—Continued
General merchandise stores—Continued
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

533
539

27.8
29.3

28.2
29.7

28.1
29.7

28.6
30.2

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541

30.3
30.5
28.7

30.8
31.0
28.9

29.5
29.6
28.7

30.2
30.4
28.5

Automotive dealers and service stations...
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554

559

36.3
37.6
38.6
33.5
33.4

36.5
37.6
38.7
33.8
33.6

35.9
37.3
37.7
33.0
34.0

36.0
37.3
38.1
33.0
34.3

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.5
29.3
24.0
27.8
26.7

27.0
29.4
24.4
28.1
27.7

26.2
29.4
24.0
27.3
26.4

26.6
29.5
24.4
27.8
26.5

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores...
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573

5731
5735

33.2
33.4
33.9
32.7
32.5
28.7

33.3
33.3
34.6
32.9
32.7
29.2

32.9
33.1
34.5
32.3
32.2
26.9

33.3
33.5
34.4
32.7
32.6
27.7

Eating and drinking places4

58

25.3

26.0

25.4

25.4

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591

29.8
28.3
32.5
28.3
33.8
36.9
31.2
32.7
32.3

30.3
28.4
32.5
29.3
33.9
37.3
31.6
33.1
32.8

29.7
27.8
32.1
28.1
34.0
37.4
31.8
32.8
31.7

30.1
28.5
32.1
28.9
34.4
37.2
31.2
32.4
31.9

35.6

35.6

36.1

35.5

35.2
35.1
35.7
34.6
35.6

35.6
35.5
36.0
35.1
36.1

35.1
34.9
35.4
34.6
35.8

546

593
594
596
598

599
5995
5999

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
606

35.0
34.8
35.6
34.2
35.8

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

37.5
37.6

37.2
36.8

38.3
38.8

37.2
38.0

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

35.6

35.6

37.4

36.5

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

37.7
37.3
38.3
38.2
37.4

37.7
37.4
38.3
38.3
37.4

38.1
37.8
37.8
37.5
38.0

37.4
37.3
37.3
37.0
37.5

32.6

32.8

32.7

32.5

35.5
29.6
38.0

35.2
29.9
37.5

35.6
28.9
38.2

35.7
29.3
38.1

6021,9

Services
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services
See footnotes at end of table.

110



07
074
078

Average overtime hours
July
1994P

35.7

32.8

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores—Continued
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Average weekly earnings
July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

533
539

$6.45
7.91

$6.47
7.89

$7.07
8.22

$7.10
8.21

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

7.79
7.88
6.86

7.74
7.82
6.88

7.92
8.02
7.01

7.89
7.98
7.04

236.04
240.34
196.88

238.39
242.42
198.83

233.64
237.39
201.19

238.28
242.59
200.64

Automotive dealers and service stations...
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

9.67
12.09
8.32
6.65
10.52

9.75
12.27
8.29
6.68
10.79

10.10
12.71
8.38
6.78
11.00

10.10
12.74
8.40
6.75
10.89

351.02
454.58
321.15
222.78
351.37

355.88
461.35
320.82
225.78
362.54

362.59
474.08
315.93
223.74
374.00

363.60
475.20
320.04
222.75
373.53

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

7.01
8.51
6.68
6.85
7.17

6.96
8.43
6.65
6.78
7.08

7.17
8.46
6.82
6.97
7.43

7.15
8.59
6.75
7.02
7.37

185.77
249.34
160.32
190.43
191.44

187.92
247.84
162.26
190.52
196.12

187.85
248.72
163.68
190.28
196.15

190.19
253.41
164.70
195.16
195.31

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores...
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

9.38
9.21
9.81
9.53
9.42
5.86

9.46
9.26
9.91
9.63
9.58
6.06

9.76
9.56
9.85
10.07
10.01
6.04

9.78
9.58
9.88
10.05
10.05
6.03

311.42
307.61
332.56
311.63
306.15
168.18

315.02
308.36
342.89
316.83
313.27
176.95

321.10
316.44
339.83
325.26
322.32
162.48

325.67
320.93
339.87
328.64
327.63
167.03

Eating and drinking places4

58

5.33

5.31

5.44

5.44

134.85

138.06

138.18

138.18

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

7.89
8.02
6.77
7.21
8.67
10.90
8.15
9.81
8.54

7.89
8.06
6.70
7.17
8.73
10.93
8.19
9.92
8.52

8.14
8.36
6.87
7.57
8.82
11.17
8.27
10.50
8.67

8.12
8.33
6.87
7.49
8.94
11.09
8.29
10.56
8.54

235.12
226.97
220.03
204.04
293.05
402.21
254.28
320.79
275.84

239.07
228.90
217.75
210.08
295.95
407.69
258.80
328.35
279.46

241.76
232.41
220.53
212.72
299.88
417.76
262.99
344.40
274.84

244.41
237.41
220.53
216.46
307.54
412.55
258.65
342.14
272.43

11.23

11.27

11.84

11.68 $11.71 399.79

401.21

427.42

414.64

9.03
8.60
8.44
8.72
8.97

9.06
8.62
8.47
8.72
9.04

9.40
8.97
8.77
9.12
9.34

9.28
8.86
8.69
8.99
9.24

316.05
299.28
300.46
298.22
321.13

318.91
302.56
302.38
301.71
321.82

334.64
318.44
315.72
320.11
337.17

325.73
309.21
307.63
311.05
330.79

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

$179.31 $182.45 $198.67 $203.06
231.76 234.33 244.13 247.94

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

12.22
9.87

12.48
9.91

12.51
10.10

12.27
9.96

458.25
371.11

464.26
364.69

479.13
391.88

456.44
378.48

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

15.75

15.97

16.11

15.80

560.70

568.53

602.51

576.70

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

13.07
12.12
12.50
12.79
14.07

13.08
12.00
12.68
12.93
14.14

13.94
13.26
13.46
13.81
14.77

13.94
13.25
13.52
13.86
14.71

492.74
452.08
478.75
488.58
526.22

493.12
448.80
485.64
495.22
528.84

531.11
501.23
508.79
517.88
561.26

521.36
494.23
504.30
512.82
551.63

10.66

10.62

11.03

10.92

10.91 347.52

348.34

360.68

354.90

8.31
8.08
8.42

8.33
8.08
8.46

8.43
8.35
8.48

8.34
8.26
8.39

295.01
239.17
319.96

293.22
241.59
317.25

300.11
241.32
323.94

297.74
242.02
319.66

Services
Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

July
1994P

$418.05

357.85

See footnotes at end of table.




111

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

1987
SIC
Code

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

701

31.2

31.7

31.4

31.0

721
723
729

34.0
28.7
25.5

33.7
28.4
25.3

34.2
28.7
27.0

34.0
28.7
26.1

73
731

33.1
36.8

33.0
36.8

33.3
37.4

33.1
36.7

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

37.3
28.8
38.4
27.9
40.1
38.7
40.4
40.4

37.2
28.8
38.3
27.9
39.5
38.2
40.4
39.6

38.1
28.8
38.6
27.9
39.5
38.2
40.3
39.6

38.2
28.7
37.6
27.8
39.7
38.4
41.3
39.5

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

31.5
37.8
37.8
37.8
37.8
39.1
33.4
33.7
36.1

31.2
37.9
37.9
37.7
37.9
39.5
33.4
33.7
36.2

31.8
38.2
38.0
39.4
36.9
39.7
33.8
34.5
35.4

31.8
37.5
37.4
37.9
36.1
39.9
33.6
34.1
35.7

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

36.6
37.6
36.5
33.6
38.4
37.3
38.4
31.9
30.0

37.0
37.9
37.0
34.1
38.6
37.1
38.8
32.6
31.2

36.6
37.2
36.7
35.0
38.4
37.9
37.9
31.3
29.2

36.7
37.0
36.6
34.1
38.6
37.9
38.1
32.1
30.0

Miscellaneous repair services

76

38.2

38.6

38.3

38.4

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

28.3
38.4
22.9

29.0
37.6
24.0

28.5
38.7
22.9

29.1
39.2
21.8

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

28.1
23.9
28.3
19.0
29.4

29.6
24.7
30.3
18.3
30.5

26.3
24.0
26.0
18.6
29.3

27.3
23.8
27.5
18.6
29.6

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ..
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
808

32.8
32.1
28.2
29.7
32.2
31.6
34.6
27.8

32.9
32.1
28.2
29.6
32.6
32.0
34.7
27.8

32.8
32.4
28.4
30.2
32.3
31.7
34.6
28.5

32.7
32.2
28.2
29.6
32.2
31.5
34.6
28.2

81

34.6

34.7

35.2

34.7

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services
Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
,
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

H o m e health care services
Legal services
See footnotes at end of table.

112



Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Services—Continued
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels4

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

701

$7.49

$7.38

$7.68

$7.63

721
723
729

7.23
7.93
7.67

7.25
7.85
7.68

7.32
8.11
7.96

7.30
8.24
7.90

245.82
227.59
195.59

244.33
222.94
194.30

250.34
232.76
214.92

248.20
236.49
206.19

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

73
731

10.09
14.81

10.11
14.84

10.35
15.70

10.27
15.46

333.98
545.01

333.63
546.11

344.66
587.18

339.94
567.38

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

9.56
7.44
9.62
7.17
10.50
10.55
14.19
9.45

9.54
7.53
9.99
7.22
10.60
10.67
14.39
9.46

9.94
7.44
9.73
7.16
10.73
10.41
14.16
9.81

9.95
7.45
9.68
7.18
10.75
10.38
14.16
9.83

356.59
214.27
369.41
200.04
421.05
408.29
573.28
381.78

354.89
216.86
382.62
201.44
418.70
407.59
581.36
374.62

378.71
214.27
375.58
199.76
423.84
397.66
570.65
388.48

380.09
213.82
363.97
199.60
426.78
398.59
584.81
388.29

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

8.26
16.38
18.85
17.05
14.57
13.68
8.63
6.75
11.00

8.26
16.32
18.70
17.08
14.62
13.90
8.70
6.80
10.79

8.41
17.07
19.88
17.90
14.46
13.86
8.82
6.94
10.74

8.39
16.86
19.53
17.85
14.57
13.79
8.85
6.98
10.84

260.19
619.16
712.53
644.49
550.75
534.89
288.24
227.48
397.10

257.71
618.53
708.73
643.92
554.10
549.05
290.58
229.16
390.60

267.44
652.07
755.44
705.26
533.57
550.24
298.12
239.43
380.20

266.80
632.25
730.42
676.52
525.98
550.22
297.36
238.02
386.99

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

9.28
9.27
8.30
6.85
10.22
10.78
10.30
6.98
6.14

9.26
9.25
8.26
6.88
10.21
10.79
10.22
6.90
6.04

9.56
9.44
8.52
6.97
10.58
11.12
10.61
7.08
6.21

9.54
9.34
8.43
6.92
10.60
11.14
10.66
7.06
6.13

339.65
348.55
302.95
230.16
392.45
402.09
395.52
222.66
184.20

342.62
350.58
305.62
234.61
394.11
400.31
396.54
224.94
188.45

349.90
351.17
312.68
243.95
406.27
421.45
402.12
221.60
181.33

350.12
345.58
308.54
235.97
409.16
422.21
406.15
226.63
183.90

76

11.02

11.07

11.27

11.28

420.96

427.30

431.64

433.15

78
781
784

11.50
18.02
5.57

11.19
17.87
5.52

14.32
20.69
5.72

13.19
19.03
5.73

325.45
691.97
127.55

324.51
671.91
132.48

408.12
800.70
130.99

383.83
745.98
124.91

79
793
799
7991
7997

7.90
6.76
7.30
7.84
7.67

7.62
6.72
7.07
7.84
7.55

8.63
6.79
8.00
7.91
8.13

8.24
6.87
7.63
8.01
7.74

221.99
161.56
206.59
148.96
225.50

225.55
165.98
214.22
143.47
230.28

226.97
162.96
208.00
147.13
238.21

224.95
163.51
209.83
148.99
229.10

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ..,
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806
808

11.72
11.84
11.38
10.33
8.13
7.54
13.38
10.34

11.77
11.85
11.39
10.34
8.18
7.64
13.46
10.45

12.02
12.25
11.93
10.74
8.41
7.76
13.69
10.59

12.03
12.17
11.87
10.70
8.44
7.79
13.73
10.61

384.42
380.06
320.92
306.80
261.79
238.26
462.95
287.45

387.23
380.39
321.20
306.06
266.67
244.48
467.06
290.51

394.26
396.90
338.81
324.35
271.64
245.99
473.67
301.82

393.38
391.87
334.73
316.72
271.77
245.39
475.06
299.20

Legal services

81

15.15

15.16

15.70

15.58

524.19

526.05

552.64

540.63

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
Miscellaneous personal services

Miscellaneous repair services

,

,

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental
Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

,

July
1994"

$233.69 $233.95 $241.15 $236.53

See footnotes at end of table.




113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
Industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.1
31.8
30.5
29.6
31.8
30.8

31.1
31.9
29.7
29.9
32.2
30.8

31.3
32.0
31.0
29.7
32.1
32.0

30.9
31.6
30.8
29.4
32.0
30.3

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

34.5

34.7

35.5

34.9

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

37.0
39.1
39.4
37.7
38.1
35.8
36.5
39.1
29.7
36.2
35.7
34.7
36.5
31.6

37.0
39.1
39.3
37.9
38.9
35.7
36.7
39.1
30.4
36.3
35.6
34.6
36.4
32.5

37.3
39.5
39.7
38.3
39.1
36.8
36.5
38.7
29.9
36.9
35.7
34.5
35.9
32.3

37.0
39.1
39.3
38.2
39.3
36.1
36.0
38.6
28.6
36.2
35.8
35.0
35.7
31.4

Services, nee

89

36.7

36.7

40.9

39.4

See footnotes at end of table.

114



Average overtime hours
July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Average weekly earnings
July
1994P

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

$252.28
275.84
245.52
202.26
264.50
298.88

June
1994P

83
832
833
835
836
839

$7.80
8.38
7.50
6.56
7.99
8.92

$7.80
8.38
7.51
6.52
8.02
8.63

$8.06
8.62
7.92
6.81
8.24
9.34

$8.05
8.60
7.87
6.75
8.26
9.45

$242.58
266.48
228.75
194.18
254.08
274.74

$242.58
267.32
223.05
194.95
258.24
265.80

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

14.80

15.06

15.49

15.35

510.60

522.58 549.90 535.72

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

14.84
16.01
16.60
14.81
11.20
13.06
15.88
17.92
12.29
17.30
13.63
12.44
16.22
13.76

14.88
16.04
16.67
14.75
11.24
13.09
15.89
17.89
12.26
17.37
13.70
12.42
16.26
13.84

15.45
16.60
17.25
15.28
11.73
13.53
16.51
18.73
12.39
18.06
14.41
13.14
16.73
13.85

15.17
16.35
17.03
14.84
11.68
13.21
16.26
18.43
12.07
17.79
14.05
12.89
16.34
13.48

549.08
625.99
654.04
558.34
426.72
467.55
579.62
700.67
365.01
626.26
486.59
431.67
592.03
434.82

550.56
627.16
655.13
559.03
437.24
467.31
583.16
699.50
372.70
630.53
487.72
429.73
591.86
449.80

15.62

15.60

14.59

14.49

573.25 572.52 596.73 570.91

Services, nee

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.




576.29
655.70
684.83
585.22
458.64
497.90
602.62
724.85
370.46
666.41
514.44
453.33
600.61
447.36

July
1994"

$248.75
271.76
242.40
198.45
264.32
286.34

561.29
639.29
566.89
459.02
476.88
585.36
711.40
345.20
644.00
502.99
451.15
583.34
423.27

4

Money payments only; tips, not included.
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1993 forward are subject to
revision.
5

115

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earning series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (Sic 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have been used to
escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace
companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's
series by definition take account of traditional wage rate
changes, they do not capture "lump-sum payments to
workers in lieu of general wage increases" which were
negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace

industry, BLS has calculated average hourly earnings
series for Sic 3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum
payments. These series, beginning in October 1983, the
effective date of the first aerospace bargaining agreement
using lump-sum payments, were published in the June
1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table B-15a along with the
average hourly earnings series produced as part of the
Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation
of the methodology used to derive these series appears in
the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings In aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

May
1993

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

May
1993

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$18.29

$18.21

$19.33

$19.46

$17.20

$17.17

$18.03

$18.03

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

18.97

18.84

19.37

19.50

17.26

17.23

18.11

18.11

: preliminary.

116



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

$11.16

$11.18

$11.39

$11.39

$11.41

11.71

11.72
9.18
8.95
11.18
13.21
11.11
12.12
10.79
14.87
11.86
9.10

11.93
9.28
9.11
11.31
13.26
11.25
12.20

11.92

11.94

10.50
9.90
17.83
8.44
6.86
12.70
11.47
14.03
17.25
10.08
7.35

9.11
8.91
11.11
13.16
11.13

12.03
10.77
14.90
11.79

9.07
10.45

9.91
17.47
8.41

6.90
12.64

11.43
13.99
17.26
10.02
7.37

9.30

0
0
0
0
0
ft
0

15.32
11.93

9.10
11.34
13.30
11.23
12.19
10.98
15.34
11.96

9.26

9.26

0
ft

10.67

10.66

$10.72

10.11
19.27
8.58

10.08
19.53
8.60
7.13
12.88
11.61

10.96

7.09
12.91
11.58
14.29
17.59
10.14
7.72

14.29
17.67
10.14
7.70

?!0

0
0
ft
0
ft
0
0

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1993 forward are
subject to revision.

117

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonfarm payrolls by major Industry, In current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$10.76
7.34

$10.75
7.33

$11.09
7.42

$11.03
7.35

$11.04

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.59
9.96

14.49
9.88

14.83
9.92

14.71
9.80

$14.72

644.88
440.19

639.01
435.89

658.45
440.43

660.48
440.03

$652.10

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.24
9.72

14.37
9.80

14.59
9.76

14.57
9.71

$14.76

559.63
382.00

567.62
387.19

579.22
387.44

576.97
384.39

$587.45

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

11.71
7.99

11.72
7.99

12.01
8.03

12.02
8.01

$12.03

484.79
330.91

480.52
327.78

504.42
337.40

507.24
337.93

$499.25

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.57
9.26

13.63
9.30

13.76
9.20

13.73
9.15

$13.83

538.73
367.73

545.20
371.90

550.40
368.16

551.95
367.72

$557.35

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

11.66
7.96

11.73
8.00

11.98
8.01

11.94
7.95

$11.99

446.58
304.83

449.26
306.45

462.43
309.32

459.69
306.26

$460.42

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

7.26
4.96

7.24
4.94

7.47
5.00

7.45
4.96

$7.46

210.54
143.71

214.30
146.18

215.88
144.40

217.54
144.93

$221.56

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

11.23
7.67

11.27
7.69

11.84
7.92

11.68
7.78

$11.71

399.79
272.89

401.21
273.68

427.42
285.90

414.64
276.24

$418.05

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

10.66
7.28

10.62
7.24

11.03
7.38

10.92
7.28

$10.91

347.52
237.22

348.34
237.61

360.68
241.26

354.90
236.44

$357.85

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

118



ft

0

ft
ft
ft

ft
ft
ft
ft

June
1993

July
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

July
1994 P

$372.30 $374.10 $385.93 $383.84 $385.30
254.13 255.18 258.15 255.72
ft

ft

ft

ft
ft
ft

ft

ft

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1993 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1993 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

$10.28
11.13
12.51

$10.63
11.47
13.01

$10.72
11.52
13.13

Average weekly earnings

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.3
41.5
43.1

41.5
42.4
41.0

42.2
42.2
41.7

Alaska

42.0

40.8

40.6

11.36

12.44

11.90

477.12

507.55

483.14

Arizona

40.5

42.1

41.8

11.04

11.06

10.92

447.12

465.63

456.46

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.5
42.0
40.7
41.8
45.4

41.9
42.1
42.0
43.8
40.3

42.6
42.6
42.5
43.7
42.6

9.32
9.21
9.52
10.07
10.58

9.56
9.83
10.27
11.02

9.74
9.53
9.75
10.28
10.89

386.78
386.82
387.46
420.93
480.33

404.75
402.48
412.86
449.83
444.11

414.92
405.98
414.38
449.24
463.91

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

40.7
39.4
41.0
41.5
40.5
41.0
40.3
40.9
39.9
40.0
40.1
40.8
41.9
42.0
39.4
41.7
39.0
40.7

41.2
39.8
41.5
41.9
40.3
42.0
40.4
41.6
40.4
39.7
40.0
39.9
41.7
40.8
39.2
41.0
39.0
41.2

41.5
39.9
41.5
42.1
41.1
42.4
41.4
41.5
40.9
39.7
40.2
40.0
44.2
41.2
39.3
41.6
39.4
41.0

12.37
12.93
10.30
11.55
12.16
14.49
12.28
11.33
13.04
12.77
12.53
13.55
14.89
12.81
13.29
12.39
14.38
11.67

12.48
12.34
10.74
11.69
12.14
15.65
12.34
11.37
13.13
12.72
12.45
13.82
14.84
12.67
13.64
12.36
14.69
11.69

12.50
12.54
10.82
11.64
12.40
15.54
12.33
11.40
13.19
12.63
12.54
13.77
14.33
12.45
13.78
12.28
14.59
11.80

503.46
509.44
422.30
479.33
492.48
594.09
494.88
463.40
520.30
510.80
502.45
552.84
623.89
538.02
523.63
516.66
560.82
474.97

514.18
491.13
445.71
489.81
489.24
657.30
498.54
472.99
530.45
504.98
498.00
551.42
618.83
516.94
534.69
506.76
572.91
481.63

518.75
500.35
449.03
490.04
509.64
658.90
510.46
473.10
539.47
501.41
504.11
550.80
633.39
512.94
541.55
510.85
574.85
483.80

Colorado
Denver

41.3
41.5

41.4
41.4

41.3
41.2

12.02
12.91

12.35
12.64

12.39
12.70

496.43
535.77

511.29
523.30

511.71
523.24

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

42.2
41.3
41.8
42.5
41.3
43.0
44.0

42.9
42.0
43.8
42.5
42.8
42.3
43.6

43.1
42.5
42.9
43.8
42.5
42.2
44.6

12.91
13.41
12.70
13.91
12.59
13.10
11.58

13.45
13.90
12.67
14.25
12.59
12.84
12.06

13.49
13.82
13.00
14.04
12.81
12.75
12.05

544.80
553.83
530.86
591.18
519.97
563.30
509.52

577.01
583.80
554.95
605.63
538.85
543.13
525.82

581.42
587.35
557.70
614.95
544.43
538.05
537.43

Delaware
Wilmington-Newark

41.5
42.3

44.2
44.8

43.8
45.1

13.21
15.44

14.10
16.85

14.09
16.58

548.22
653.11

623.22
754.88

617.14
747.76

40.0

40.0

39.8

13.13

13.36

13.49

525.20

534.40

536.90

40.8

41.2

41.4

9.69

10.00

9.99

395.35

412.00

413.59

41.9
41.4
47.8

42.3
41.7
46.4

42.6
41.8
47.1

10.03
11.07
13.35

10.22
11.47
13.14

10.25
11.49
13.44

420.26
458.30
638.13

432.31
478.30
609.70

436.65
480.28
633.02

41.1
40.1

37.6
38.0

38.1
38.1

12.06
12.52

12.44
12.68

12.27
12.69

495.67
502.05

467.74
481.84

467.49
483.49

40.2

41.0

40.3

11.78

12.04

11.75

473.56

493.64

473.53

41.4
40.8
40.8
41.6
41.9
42.1
40.9
43.6
40.8
39.8

41.8
42.8
39.6
41.9
41.2
44.1
41.8
41.4
42.2
40.1

42.0
42.9
40.3
41.9
41.4
43.9
41.8
41.6
41.9
40.1

12.02
15.60
10.44
12.11
13.90
15.12
12.56
14.82
12.76
11.71

12.25
16.20
10.57
12.21
13.95
15.19
13.14
15.29
13.53
11.77

12.28
16.20
10.46
12.23
13.98
15.22
13.03
15.46
13.55
11.79

497.63
636.48
425.95
503.78
582.41
636.55
513.70
646.15
520.61
466.06

512.05
693.36
418.57
511.60
574.74
549.25
633.01
570.97
471.98

515.76
694.98
421.54
512.44
578.77
668.16
544.65
643.14
567.75
472.78

42.9
40.0
39.7
42.3
42.8

43.2
39.6
40.6
43.4
42.5

43.3
39.1
41.1
44.5
41.7

13.13
11.90
10.63
13.13
12.78

13.63
12.27
11.04
13.45
13.61

13.49
12.17
11.09
13.03
13.65

563.28
476.00
422.01
555.40
546.98

588.82
485.89
448.22
583.73
578.43

584.12
475.85
455.80
579.84
569.21

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

$424.56
461.90
539.18

$441.15
486.33
533.41

$452.38
486.14
547.52

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii

,

Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
See footnotes at end of table.




119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours

State and area

June
1993

May
1994

June
19940

Indiana-Continued
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

44.5
43.5
44.1
42.6
43.5
41.2
43.0

44.2
44.0
48.0
41.0
45.3
42.1
43.4

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.7
41.3
39.6
40.8
39.6

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

44.7
43.9
48.1
42.4
45.8
41.7
45.0

$17.65
14.60
18.54
13.32
14.19
11.80
13.24

$17.66
14.65
19.18
14.26
14.79
12.56
13.19

42.0
41.5
39.1
41.3
39.3

42.7
41.3
42.0
44.1
39.7

12.14
14.93
12.99
12.67

41.6
42.9
40.8

41.6
42.0
40.7

41.8
41.7
40.7

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

40.2
41.1
41.4

41.9
42.2
42.7

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

42.7
44.3
41.6
41.0

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Man/tand

Average weekly earnings

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

$17.81
14.55
19.08
13.72
14.78
12.47
12.90

$785.43
635.10
817.61
567.43
617.27
486.16
569.32

$780.57
644.60
920.64
584.66
669.99
528.78
572.45

$796.11
638.75
917.75
581.73
676.92
520.00
580.50

12.43
15.11
13.02
13.09
10.04

12.46
15.30
12.58
13.02
10.15

506.24
616.61
514.40
516.94
389.27

522.06
627.07
509.08
540.62
394.57

532.04
631.89
528.36
574.18
402.96

11.91
13.84
13.75

12.10
13.90
13.76

12.09
14.17
13.94

495.46
593.74
561.00

503.36
583.80
560.03

505.36
590.89
567.36

42.1
43.6
42.3

11.46
12.29
12.97

11.98
12.88
13.94

11.93
12.90
13.87

460.69
505.12
536.96

501.96
543.54
595.24

502.25
562.44
586.70

43.7
43.5
43.7
44.4

43.9
43.0
44.9
43.9

12.62
14.67
13.17
12.69

13.08
15.61
13.26
13.61

13.06
15.34
13.38
13.44

538.87
649.88
547.87
520.29

571.60
679.04
579.46
604.28

573.33
659.62
600.76
590.02

40.9
40.8
38.9

40.6
39.8
38.6

40.2
39.4
39.6

11.58
9.77
11.00

11.76
9.77
10.75

11.96
10.15
10.60

473.62
398.62
427.90

477.46
388.85
414.95

480.79
399.91
419.76

BsWmore"pMSA""!"!""!!!

41.0
41.5

41.8
42.2

41.7
42.1

12.77
13.36

13.04
13.67

13.04
13.65

523.57
554.44

545.07
576.87

543.77
574.67

Boston
Springfield
Worcester

41.1
40.8
42.9
41.1

41.7
40.8
42.7
41.3

41.8
41.0
42.6
41.4

12.33
12.93
12.68
11.41

12.56
13.15
12.66
11.69

12.55
13.18
12.66
11.68

506.76
527.54
543.97
468.95

523.75
536.52
540.58
482.80

524.59
540.38
539.32
483.55

Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

43.2
43.2
44.9
42.4
42.4
42.2
43.2
40.9
44.0

44.8
45.9
46.9
48.0
42.4
43.5
44.7
45.9
46.6

44.5
45.3
46.1
47.5
42.7
42.8
44.6
45.8
46.4

15.41
16.17
16.45
19.88
12.86
10.72
14.92
16.64
17.55

16.17
16.71
17.31
21.89
13.12
11.39
14.99
17.97
18.12

16.15
16.66
17.30
21.85
13.21
11.63
15.11
18.00
18.14

665.71
698.54
738.60
842.91
545.26
452.38
644.54
680.58
772.20

724.42
766.99
811.84
1050.72
556.29
495.46
670.05
824.82
844.39

718.67
754.70
797.53
1037.87
564.07
497.76
673.91
824.40
841.70

40.6
39.4
40.8
39.4

40.9
39.0
40.8
39.4

41.2
39.1
41.0
40.0

12.19
11.62
13.02
10.72

12.54
12.12
13.12
11.48

12.51
12.08
13.17
11.12

494.91
457.83
531.22
422.37

512.89
472.68
535.30
452.31

515.41
472.33
539.97
444.80

41.1
40.6

41.6
41.1

42.1
41.3

9.14
9.86

9.39
10.13

9.40
10.10

375.65
400.32

390.62
416.34

395.74
417.13

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

41.6
41.9
42.4
41.5

42.3
43.1
43.5
40.8

42.5
43.2
42.6
41.7

11.53
13.36
13.61
10.00

11.66
13.95
13.56
10.10

11.49
13.64
13.49
10.07

479.65
559.78
577.06
415.00

493.22
601.25
589.86
412.08

488.33
589.25
574.67
419.92

Montana

38.2

39.6

39.7

12.30

12.41

12.39

469.86

491.44

491.88

Nebraska
Lincoln

41.6
41.4
41.0

42.1
42.2
41.4

42.9
42.6
41.5

10.38
11.83
10.83

10.91
12.80
11.66

10.96
12.58
11.65

431.81
489.76
444.03

459.31
540.16
482.72

470.18
535.91
483.48

43.0
41.7

41.4
40.0

42.3
41.2

11.71
13.14

11.67
12.62

11.49
13.12

503.53
547.94

483.14
504.80

486.03
540.54

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St Paul
St. Cloud

Jackson

Omaha
Nevada

Las Vegas
See footnotes at end of table.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994*

$11.57
11.66
14.34
11.24

$485.83
459.02
575.87
466.95

$484.68
491.63
575.69
454.92

$482.47
500.21
580.77
445.10

13.30

13.26

539.55

557.27

559.57

9.62
10.55

9.93
10.56

9.96
10.44

390.57
434.66

403.16
424.51

412.34
430.13

41.2
40.8
45.2
43.5
40.1
42.5
40.4
38.6
38.1
42.5
43.0
44.2
44.1
41.6
42.5

11.94
13.25
9.76
14.79
11.14
11.25
11.29
10.75
10.44
10.59
13.85
14.20
13.22
11.11
12.11

12.14
13.52
9.80
15.37
10.46
11.20
11.38
10.94
10.64
10.85
13.80
13.97
13.05
10.83
12.26

12.13
13.51
9.78
15.25
10.38
11.25
11.39
11.03
10.72
10.75
13.78
13.96
12.97
10.86
12.47

482.38
532.65
398.21
647.80
453.40
486.00
454.99
406.35
390.46
435.25
581.70
597.82
555.24
456.62
485.61

498.95
555.67
410.62
673.21
414.22
490.56
464.30
421.19
404.32
447.02
593.40
611.89
563.76
457.03
510.02

499.76
551.21
442.06
663.38
416.24
478.13
460.16
425.76
408.43
456.88
592.54
617.03
571.98
451.78
529.98

41.1
41.7
41.6
40.5
41.7

41.8
41.8
41.8
41.0
41.6

9.77
9.69
10.36
10.40
10.34

10.13
10.00
10.71
10.65
10.91

10.20
10.01
10.76
10.66
10.98

398.62
386.63
429.94
414.96
429.11

416.34
417.00
445.54
431.33
454.95

426.36
418.42
449.77
437.06
456.77

40.7
39.8

43.1
41.3

43.2
44.5

9.77
9.18

10.19

10.26
9.66

397.64
365.36

439.19
408.46

443.23
429.87

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

43.1
42.7
41.6
42.1
43.1
41.7
44.2
44.9
43.6

44.0
43.7
41.8
42.9
44.1
42.1
45.5
44.8
45.3

43.8
43.6
41.7
43.7
43.9
42.2
45.9
44.0
45.1

14.05
12.47
12.28
12.86
13.99
13.02
15.50
15.54
16.07

14.37
12.46
12.53
13.07
14.15
13.31
15.71
15.70
16.43

14.45
12.51
12.56
13.20
14.19
13.32
15.83
15.60
16.97

605.56
532.47
510.85
541.41
602.97
542.93
685.10
697.75
700.65

632.28
544.50
523.75
560.70
624.02
560.35
714.81
703.36
744.28

632.91
545.44
523.75
576.84
622.94
562.10
726.60
686.40
765.35

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

41.7
43.9
40.6

43.3
44.0
42.2

43.2
43.4
42.8

11.38
12.12
12.11

11.66
13.40
12.11

11.53
13.04
11.96

474.55
532.07
491.67

504.88
589.60
511.04

498.10
565.94
511.89

Oregon

39.0
38.2
40.4
40.0
37.1

40.8
39.7
41.4
40.6
39.0

40.6
41.4
41.2
40.8
37.9

12.16
12.38
11.60
12.33
10.66

12.29
12.40
11.82
12.64
10.62

12.20
12.47
11.71
12.73
10.30

474.24
472.92
468.64
493.20
395.49

501.43
492.28
489.35
513.18
414.18

495.32
516.26
482.45
519.38
390.37

41.2
39.7
40.6
43.4
40.5
40.5
40.9
41.0
42.3
41.7
39.6
42.6
39.0
40.2
42.5

41.7
40.2
41.0
44.4
39.8
40.3
41.1
41.7
42.6
42.5
39.7
44.1
41.1
41.0
42.7

41.9
40.2
42.2
43.9
40.5
40.2
41.1
41.8
43.7
42.4
40.0
44.8
40.7
43.1
42.6

12.05
11.42
10.12
12.77
11.40
9.08
11.93
13.38
13.12
12.46
10.47
12.11
10.44
10.16
12.31

12.37
11.95
10.75
13.04
11.69
9.23
12.33
13.60
13.18
12.91
10.72
12.48
10.47
10.63
12.55

12.39
11.91
10.77
13.01
11.70
9.28
12.30
13.61
13.31
12.92
10.85
12.50
10.57
10.76
12.62

496.46
453.37
410.87
554.22
461.70
367.74
487.94
548.58
554.98
519.58
414.61
515.89
407.16
408.43
523.18

515.83
480.39
440.75
578.98
465.26
371.97
506.76
567.12
561.47
548.68
425.58
550.37
430.32
435.83

519.14
478.78
454.49
571.14
473.85
373.06
505.53
568.90
581.65
547.81
434.00
560.00
430.20
463.76
537.61

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

June
1993

May
1994

42.1
40.3
41.4
42.8

42.0
42.2
40.8
40.8

41.7
42.9
40.5
39.6

$11.54
11.39
13.91
10.91

$11.54
11.65
14.11
11.15

New Jersey

41.6

41.9

42.2

12.97

New Mexico
Albuquerque

40.6
41.2

40.6
40.2

41.4
41.2

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagra Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

40.4
40.2
40.8
43.8
40.7
43.2
40.3
37.8
37.4
41.1
42.0
42.1
42.0
41.1
40.1

41.1
41.1
41.9
43.8
39.6
43.8
40.8
38.5
38.0
41.2
43.0
43.8
43.2
42.2
41.6

North Carolina
Asheville
Chariotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

40.8
39.9
41.5
39.9
41.5

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

June
1994P

See footnotes at end of table.




121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

40.4
40.3

40.8
40.1

41.6
40.5

41.4

41.5

42.0
41.2
41.8

43.0
42.4
42.6

41.0
40.8
39.3
39.9
41.2
40.9

Average hourly earnings
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

$10.07
10.12

$10.36
10.56

41.8

9.80

9.98

42.4
41.2
41.6

8.72
8.95
8.94

9.12
9.38
9.87

40.9
42.0
37.6
39.6
41.7
40.6

41.2
42.0
37.9
39.7
41.4
41.3

10.26
9.79
10.52
10.24
10.40
11.26

42.8
43.1
42.4
45.0
42.5

43.2
43.2
43.0
45.0
42.3

43.4
43.5
42.9
44.5
42.4

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

39.7
40.8

40.2
40.9

Vermont

41.7
40.0

Average weekly earnings

June

June
1993

May
1994

1994P

$10.35
10.61

$406.83
407.84

$422.69
423.46

$430.56
429.71

10.01

405.72

414.17

418.42

9.55
9.93

366.24
368.74
373.69

392.16
397.71
420.46

380.75
393.46
413.09

10.46
10.02
10.52
10.24
10.76
11.25

10.47
10.01
10.78
10.15
10.90
11.38

420.66
399.43
413.44
408.58
428.48
460.53

427.81
420.84
395.55
405.50
448.69
456.75

431.36
420.42
408.56
402.96
451.26

11.02
10.82
12.37
13.54
8.42

11.06
10.80
12.51
13.40
8.94

11.09
10.79
12.52
13.42
8.96

471.66
466.34
524.49
609.30
357.85

477.79
466.56
537.93
603.00
378.16

481.31
469.37
537.11
597.19
379.90

40.6
41.0

10.95
11.21

11.25
11.35

11.17
11.40

434.72
457.37

452.25
464.22

453.50
467.40

40.2
42.1

40.2
40.9

11.64
12.01

11.53
11.63

11.51
11.55

485.39
480.40

463.51
489.62

462.70
472.40

41.2
41.5
37.5
41.7
43.5
42.0
42.6
40.8

41.8
42.5
38.5
43.4
44.4
41.6
42.8
41.1

42.0
45.0
37.9
44.8
42.6
41.8
43.7
42.1

10.79
9.64
9.71
10.77
10.73
12.21

11.20
10.15
9.97
10.88
10.82
12.00
14.44
12.37

11.20
10.53
9.99
11.26
10.85
11.84
14.53
12.22

444.55
400.06
364.13
449.11
466.76
507.36
587.03
498.17

468.16
431.38
383.85
472.19
480.41
499.20
618.03
508.41

470.40
473.85
378.62
504.45
462.21
494.91
634.96
514.46

40.5

41.1

40.6

13.92

14.05

14.13

563.76

577.46

573.68

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

41.1
44.5
41.0
41.7
41.6

41.3
48.1
43.7
40.4
40.0

41.4
50.3
43.0
42.2
41.4

12.32
15.81
14.32
15.18
13.90

12.60
15.58
14.26
14.83
14.27

12.65
15.40
14.52
15.26
15.01

506.35
703.55
587.12
633.01
578.24

520.38
749.40
623.16
599.13
570.80

523.71
774.62
624.36
643.97
621.41

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Belolt
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

41.7
43.3
40.2
42.5
44.9
39.8
40.4
40.9
41.0
39.7
40.7
41.7

42.5
44.7
44.5
41.7
45.1
39.3
42.4
41.0
42.1
40.9
43.0
42.8

42.5
43.4
43.9
42.6
45.0
39.7
42.3
41.1
41.8
41.1
41.8
43.4

12.15
13.09
12.15
12.88
15.82
12.85
10.22
11.16
13.01
12.22
12.08
11.82

12.40
13.53
13.18
13.15
16.73
13.63
10.37
11.78
13.35
12.67
12.42
11.68

12.27
13.46
13.08
13.04
16.83
13.58
10.30
11.51
13.38
12.79
12.19
11.74

506.66
566.80
488.43
547.40
710.32
511.43
412.89
456.44
533.41
485.13
491.66
492.89

527.00
604.79
586.51
548.36
754.52
535.66
439.69
482.98
562.04
518.20
534.06
499.90

521.48
584.16
574.21
555.50
757.35
539.13
435.69
473.06
559.28
525.67
509.54
509.52

Wyoming

37.9

40.3

41.4

11.75

12.19

11.72

445.33

491.26

485.21

Puerto Rico

39.4

40.0

40.0

7.00

7.28

7.25

275.80

291.20

290.00

Viroln I stands

42.2

42.0

42.1

15.06

15.06

15.21

635.53

632.52

640.34

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

,
,

,
,
,

,

Burlington
Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
Washington

,
,
,

1
Not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

122



12.08

13.78

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1993
benchmarks.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division

1994

1993
July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June

July

NORTHEAST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

39,582 39,584 39,589 39,596 39,599 39,601 39,696 39,697 39,695 39,700 39,704 39,715 39,720
25,567 25,622 25,525 25,562 25,527 25,469 25,464 25,379 25,622 25,410 25,250 25,488 25,708
23,766 23,786 23,726 23,754 23,772 23,734 23,765 23,677 23,794 23,637 23,652 23,848 24,008
1,807
1,702
1,828
1,773
1,735
1,801
1,836
1,800
1,755
1,640
1,699
1,598
1,700
7.2
7.1
6.9
6.4
6.7
7.1
7.0
6.8
7.0
7.1
6.6
6.3
6.7

New England
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,214 10,217 10,218 10,218 10,219 10,221 10,221 10,219 10,216 10,216 10,215 10,217 10,216
7,004
7,000
7,052 7,065 7,065 7,055 6,979 6,963 6,977 7,031
6,879 6,911
6,588 6,592 6,519 6,473 6,509 6,571
6,606 6,610
6,608 6,599 6,547 6,541
6,518
444
390
446
455
457
457
432
402
433
407
423
406
459
6.4
6.5
5.8
6.1
5.6
6.3
6.5
6.2
5.8
6.2
6.3
6.6
5.9

Middle Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

29,341 29,345 29,351 29,358 29,363 29,366 29,475 29,478 29,479 29,484 29,488 29,498 29,504
18,515 18,557 18,460 18,506 18,548 18,506 18,488 18,347 18,623 18,500 18,371 18,578 18,703
17,160 17,176 17,118 17,155 17,225 17,193 17,247 17,089 17,202 17,117 17,179 17,339 17,437
1,313
1,355
1,381
1,351
1,239
1,266
1,258
1,421
1,241
1,342
1,323
1,191
1,383
7.4
6.7
7.1
7.3
7.1
7.3
7.3
6.8
6.5
6.9
7.6
6.7
7.5

SOUTH
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

66,677 66,750 66,832 66,911
67,057 68,136 68,206 68,273 68,347 68,420 68,506 68,588
44,120 44,288 44,224 44,400 44,577 44,567 44,907 44,882 44,688 44,983 45,136 44,935 45,094
41,229 41,417 41,540 41,547 41,790 41,907 42,067 42,040 41,854 42,238 42,459 42,289 42,434
2,871
2,684 2,853 2,787 2,660 2,840 2,842 2,834 2,745 2,677 2,646 2,660
2,891
6.0
6.3
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.1
6.1
5.9
5.9
5.9
6.3
6.3

South Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

34,987 35,033 35,082 35,128 35,171 35,212 35,251 35,288 35,322 35,360 35,399 35,445 35,487
22,904 22,960 22,936 23,032 23,081 23,132 23,225 23,281 23,197 23,239 23,298 23,295 23,233
21,445 21,505 21,619 21,608 21,740 21,783 21,750 21,902 21,777 21,847 21,937 22,013 21,941
1,455
1,291
1,459
1,317
1,425
1,283
1,379
1,420
1,391
1,475
1,341
1,350
1,361
6.4
5.7
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.9
6.3
5.8
5.8

East South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

11,949 11,962 11,976 11,990 12,002 12,015 12,027 12,038 12,047 12,059 12,069 12,083 12,095
7,518
7,516
7,509 7,475 7,495 7,522 7,656 7,599 7,597 7,718
7,670 7,696
7,819
7,038 7,047 7,041
7,190
7,294 7,423 7,246 7,269
7,024 7,055 7,111
7,109
7,178
480
427
470
468
424
407
440
411
451
395
490
423
478
6.4
6.2
5.6
5.9
6.2
6.0
5.5
6.4
5.5
5.4
5.5
6.2
5.1

West South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,694 20,720 20,750 20,779 20,806 20,832 20,858 20,881 20,903 20,927 20,951 20,978 21,006
13,698 13,813 { 13,779 13,892 14,001 13,912 14,027 14,002 13,894 14,027 14,019 13,969 14,165
12,747 12,866 j 12,880 12,915 12,995 13,013 13,139 13,029 12,887 13,097 13,099 13,030 13,224
952 j
947|
1,006
899
899
977
939
941
1,007
930
888
921
973
6.9
6.9
6.6
6.7
7.2
6.5
6.5
7.0
6.6
6.9
7.2
6.6
6.3

See footnotes at end of table.




123

HOUSEHOLD DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division

1994

1993
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June

July

MIDWEST
Civilian noninstitutional population2 ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

46,191 46,219 46,253 46,287 46,317 46,346 46,038 46,054 46,069 46,093 46,116 46,145 46,170
31,491 31,518 31,384 31,500 31,614 31,696 31,710 31,931 31,768 31,764 31,886 31,705 31,590
29,631 29,749 29,524 29,632 29,792 29,880 29,819 30,188 29,929 30,100 30,371 30,273 29,903
1,868
1,514
1,822
1,769
1,860
1,815
1,860
1,664
1,891
1,432
1,687
1,743
1,838
5.9
5.8
5.7
4.7
5.6
5.9
6.0
4.5
5.3
5.9
5.8
5.2
5.5

East North Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2 ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

32,451 32,472 32,495 32,516 32,535 32,553 32,570 32,582 32,591 32,608 32,622 32,643 32,660
21,945 21,957 21,770 21,857 21,988 22,118 22,129 22,330 22,236 22,182 22,187 22,049 21,960
20,552 20,621 20,355 20,464 20,621 20,770 20,711 20,995 20,886 20,940 20,992 20,973 20,649
1,367
1,349
1,418
1,195
1,393
1,076
1,311
1,335
1,350
1,243
1,336
1,416
1,393
6.4
6.2
6.1
4.9
6.0
6.0
6.1
5.4
6.1
6.5
6.3
5.6

West North Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2 ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,412 13,422 13,433 13,442 13,452 13,459 13,468 13,473 13,478 13,485 13,493 13,502 13,510
9,656 9,630
9,581
9,643 9,626 9,577
9,614
9,601
9,532
9,582
9,561
9,546
9,254
9,380 9,300
9,168
9,171
9,111
9,108
9,193
9,044
9,161
9,170
9,079 9,128
377
319
475
356
408
421
455
444
466
473
488
433
467
3.3
3.7
3.9
4.4
4.9
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.3
4.6
4.5
4.9
5.1

WEST
Civilian noninstitutional population2 .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,

41,184 41,240 41,297 41,357 41,415 41,469 42,083 42,133 42,175 42,222 42,271 42,327 42,381
27,861 27,719 27,801 27,914 27,936 28,037 28,589 28,600 28,515 28,411 28,458 28,071 28,271
25,540 25,527 25,582 25,723 25,848 25,997 26,302 26,433 26,456 26,218 26,390 26,000 26,187
2,071
2,084
2,088 2,041
2,287 2,167
2,068
2,219 2,191
2,059 2,193
2,321 2,193
7.4
7.4
7.7
7.8
7.5
8.0
7.3
8.0
7.3
7.6
7.2
7.9
8.3

Mountain
Civilian noninstitutional population2 .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,936 10,962 10,991 11,019 11,045 11,071 11,096 11,123 11,146 11,170 11,195 11,222 11,251
7,802 7,800 7,767 7,637 7,699
7,432 7,472 7,487 7,622 7,794
7,386
7,385 7,416
7,009 7,055 7,107
7,232 7,394
7,408 7,392 7,348 7,229 7,290
6,979 6,988 6,956
419
407
409
400
408
424
417
380
390
395
429
428
405
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.1
5.2
5.7
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.8
5.8
5.5

D

r

Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

30,820 30,849 30,880 30,909 30,937 30,963 30,987 31,010 31,029 31,052 31,075 31,105 31,130
20,476 20,304 20,415 20,482 20,464 20,550 20,967 20,806 20,713 20,611 20,691 20,434 20,572
18,560 18,539 18,626 18,714 18,793 18,889 19,070 19,038 19,049 18,826 19,042 18,770 18,897
1,664
1,675
1,649
1,785
1,664
1,897
1,767
1,767
1,671
1,661
1,790
1,916
1,765
8.1
8.0
8.1
8.7
8.0
9.0
8.5
8.6
8.2
8.1
8.8
9.4
8.7

1
These estimates may differ from the results obtained from summing the
official State estimates produced and published through the Local Area
Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the
various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,
and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and

124



Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;
East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West
North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii,
Oregon, and Washington. Data for 1994 are not directly comparable with data
for 1993 and earlier years. For additional information, see "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue
of Employment and Earnings.

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

1994
State
June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

1,993.0
1,840.9
152.1
7.6

1,998.0

1,993.4

1,987.0
1,848.8

1,979.6
1,851.4

1,974.0
1,859.5

138.2
7.0

128.2

6.5

114.5
5.8

2,008.8
1,891.1
117.7

7.6

1,847.1
152.1
7.6

1,995.1
1,847.4

7.9

1,997.2
1,845.0
152.2
7.6

2,010.1

1,840.3
153.1
7.7

1,993.0
1,840.7

1,999.2

1,840.2
157.8

299.1
276.1
23.0
7.7

298.5
276.1
22.4
7.5

298.6
276.8
21.8
7.3

300.5
278.1
22.4
7.5

300.7
278.1
22.5
7.5

302.3
279.6
22.7
7.5

302.0
279.3
22.7
7.5

308.0
281.5
26.5

311.3
285.7
25.6
8.2

309.7
284.2
25.6
8.3

1,831.5

1,835.8

1,848.2
1,738.0
110.2
6.0

1,851.5
1,739.5

1,852.7
1,740.9

1,858.4
1,746.2

112.0
6.1

111.8
6.0

112.2
6.0

95.5
5.0

1,963.6
1,861.4
102.2
5.2

1,996.2

1,727.6
108.2
5.9

1,841.5
1,732.5
109.0
5.9

1,929.4

1,721.9
109.6
6.0

1,162.3
1,090.7
71.6
6.2

1,163.7
1,092.8

1,164.9
1,093.7
71.2
6.1

1,165.7

1,166.8
1,095.9
70.9
6.1

1,168.0

1,166.5
1,097.6

70.9
6.1

1,200.3
1,133.2
67.2
5.6

15,184.4
13,793.8
1,390.6

15,296.9
13,829.4
1,467.5

15,153.9
13,771.4
1,382.5

15,218.7
13,808.6

9.1

1,410.1
9.3

1,331.8

9.6

15,209.0
13,860.6
1,348.4
8.9

15,625.6
14,040.7
1,584.9

9.2

15,314.8
13,836.5
1,478.3
9.7

8.8

10.1

1,898.8
1,801.2
97.6

1,913.4
1,817.2
96.2
5.0

1,913.8
1,817.9

1,929.1
1,832.1

1,943.7

1,954.3

1,846.7

1,858.1

1,968.0
1,855.2

5.1

1,909.9
1,813.9
96.1
5.0

96.0
5.0

97.0
5.0

97.0
5.0

96.2
4.9

112.8
5.7

1,790.2
1,678.1

1,788.4
1,678.6

1,787.3

1,784.4

1,785.6

1,782.4

1,674.6

112.1
6.3

109.8
6.1

1,676.5
109.1
6.1

1,675.6
106.8
6.0

1,779.2
1,674.4

1,796.6

1,676.9
110.4
6.2

374.2
354.7
19.5
5.2

375.1
354.7
20.4
5.4

375.3
354.5
20.8
5.5

376.6
355.2
21.4
5.7

376.6
355.2
21.4
5.7

376.9
354.9
22.0
5.8

377.8

303.8

305.9

309.2
283.6
25.6
8.3

308.8
283.0
25.7
8.3

308.5

309.8

25.9
8.5

306.1
279.9
26.2
8.6

282.9
25.7
8.3

284.3
25.4
8.2

6,697.4
6,227.7
469.7
7.0

6,616.3
6,155.3
461.0
7.0

6,533.6
6,073.1
460.5
7.0

6,599.3
6,163.5

6,574.7
6,120.0
454.7
6.9

6,689.1
6,244.6
444.5
6.6

6,741.5
6,277.3
464.2
6.9

Junep

Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

152.4

147.7
7.4

1,846.9
163.2
8.1

5.9

2,007.0
1,889.8
117.2
5.8

309.3

309.5

310.0

283.5
25.8
8.3

283.8
25.7
8.3

285.9
24.1

2,003.8

109.5
5.5

2,006.9
1,894.1
112.8
5.6

1,986.1
1,860.5
125.6
6.3

1,199.2
1,136.5
62.7
5.2

1,199.3
1,139.3
60.0
5.0

1,208.8
1,146.8
61.9
5.1

1,207.9
1,141.4
66.5
5.5

1,203.5

15,596.9
14,189.6
1,407.2
9.0

15,547.2
14,205.0
1,342.2

15,559.5

15,513.2

14,066.5
1,493.0
9.6

14,224.9
1,288.3
8.3

15,199.8
13,931.2
1,268.6
8.3

Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8.6

7.8

Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,833.9

1,886.7

1,885.4
118.5
5.9

Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,094.6

71.1
6.1

1,097.5
70.5
6.0

69.0
5.9

1,134.1
69.4
5.8

1

California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

15,215.8
13,884.0

8.6

Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,962.0
1,867.8
94.2
4.8

1,968.4

1,958.3

1,858.1
110.3
5.6

1,856.2

1,958.6
1,853.3
105.3
5.4

1,969.3
1,866.2

102.0
5.2

1,820.8
1,729.3

1,806.0
1,712.7
93.3
5.2

1,787.9
1,698.1
89.8
5.0

1,767.6
1,675.4
92.2
5.2

1,760.9

387.5
367.2
20.3
5.2

387.8

300.4
277.7
22.6
7.5

302.2
278.2
24.0
8.0

6,779.4
6,313.1
466.3

6,743.7
6,328.0

103.1
5.2

Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

109.8
6.2

104.8

5.9

1,716.2
80.4
4.5

91.5
5.0

1,671.5
89.4

5.1

Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

355.1
22.7
6.0

371.3
351.7
19.5
5.3

379.6
360.5
19.0
5.0

382.4
362.5

382.2

19.9
5.2

21.2
5.5

315.7
281.4
34.3
10.9

298.4
270.5

299.6
270.4
29.2
9.8

303.1

6,798.4

6,692.1

6,286.1

6,308.7
383.4
5.7

6,761.6
6,266.0

6,759.3
6,257.3
502.0
7.4

361.0

369.4
18.5
4.8

District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

277.9

279.6
26.4
8.6

27.9

9.3

280.7
22.4
7.4

Florida1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

435.8

6.6

512.3
7.5

495.6
7.3

6.9

415.6
6.2

See footnotes at end of table.




125

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1994

1993
State

Junep

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

3,459.5
3,261.2
198.3
5.7

3,475.1
3,275.6
199.5
5.7

3,488.2
3,288.4
199.7
5.7

3,503.2
3,302.0
201.2
5.7

3,518.9
3,316.0
202.9
5.8

3,526.2
3,325.2
201.0
5.7

3,531.5
3,332.1
199.4
5.6

3,583.8
3,325.3
258.5
7.2

3,604.0
3,374.5
229.6
6.4

3,593.3
3,373.4
219.9
6.1

3,582.2
3,382.1
200.1
5.6

3,562.5
3,373.8
188.8
5.3

3,615.3
3,424.2
191.1
5.3

582.9
558.3
24.6
4.2

583.1
558.7
24.4
4.2

582.7
558.6
24.1
4.1

582.1
559.0
23.1
4.0

583.4
560.3
23.1
4.0

583.3
559.6
23.7
4.1

583.3
559.4
24.0
4.1

605.3
577.3
28.0
4.6

597.7
569.0
28.7
4.8

593.7
562.5
31.2
5.3

601.6
568.1
33.5
5.6

599.5
567.4
32.0
5.3

593.6
561.7
31.9
5.4

545.4
511.2
34.2
6.3

547.8
514.9
32.9
6.0

548.3
515.5
32.8
6.0

550.0
517.1
32.9
6.0

551.3
518.3
33.1
6.0

551.8
520.0
31.8
5.8

553.7
521.2
32.4
5.9

580.3
551.3
29.0
5.0

591.5
560.4
31.1
5.3

595.7
564.6
31.1
5.2

596.7
569.0
27.7
4.6

594.4
566.2
28.2
4.7

593.6
562.9
30.7
5.2

6,012.4
5,542.3
470.1
7.8

6,006.2
5,564.1
442.1
7.4

6,012.5
5,554.2
458.3
7.6

5,964.0
5,480.3
483.7
8.1

5,963.5
5,518.1
445.4
7.5

5,998.8
5,640.0
358.8
6.0

6,032.9
5,675.2
357.7
5.9

5,998.6
5,600.1
398.5
6.6

6,016.6
5,633.5
383.1
6.4

6,029.7
5,667.2
362.5
6.0

6,075.7
5,740.2
335.5
5.5

6,058.6
5,709.5
349.1
5.8

6,036.0
5,745.2
290.8
4.8

2,929.7
2,772.7
157.0
5.4

2,948.5
2,797.6
151.0
5.1

2,955.3
2,805.8
149.5
5.1

2,961.8
2,812.4
149.4
5.0

2,978.6
2,827.1
151.5
5.1

2,991.6
2,840.6
151.1
5.0

3,001.9
2,849.4
152.5
5.1

2,992.6
2,824.8
167.8
5.6

3,013.3
2,861.2
152.1
5.0

3,007.1
2,853.1
154.0
5.1

2,998.0
2,850.4
147.5
4.9

3,018.7
2,874.4
144.3
4.8

3,002.8
2,862.2
140.6
4.7

1,561.2
1,499.2
62.0
4.0

1,560.0
1,491.8
68.2
4.4

1,559.7
1,498.3
61.4
3.9

1,560.2
1,499.6
60.7
3.9

1,560.2
1,501.5
58.7
3.8

1,558.2
1,500.4
57.8
3.7

1,554.8
1,498.0
56.8
3.7

1,552.1
1,479.8
72.3
4.7

1,565.9
1,500.9
65.0
4.2

1,541.6
1,485.9
55.6
3.6

1,524.5
1,470.0
54.5
3.6

1,549.5
1,493.9
55.5
3.6

1,558.6
1,504.4
54.1
3.5

1,320.4
1,252.8
67.6
5.1

1,320.1
1,252.4
67.7
5.1

1,318.0
1,250.9
67.0
5.1

1,319.5
1,252.6
66.9
5.1

1,321.5
1,254.1
67.4
5.1

1,320.8
1,253.9
66.8
5.1

1,321.8
1,255.8
66.0
5.0

1,335.8
1,249.3
86.4
6.5

1,327.7
1,255.4
72.2
5.4

1,336.9
1,259.3
77.6
5.8

1,347.8
1,267.4
80.4
6.0

1,356.7
1,290.9
65.9
4.9

1,347.9
1,282.3
65.6
4.9

1,797.8
1,685.2
112.6
6.3

1,798.6
1,688.0
110.6
6.2

1,797.2
1,686.4
110.9
6.2

1,792.8
1,684.9
107.9
6.0

1,789.3
1,682.3
107.0
6.0

1,788.5
1,682.2
106.3
5.9

1,785.8
1,682.5
103.3
5.8

1,809.2
1,728.0
81.3
4.5

1,814.8
1,715.2
99.6
5.5

1,801.5
1,714.8
86.8
4.8

1,792.1
1,704.0
88.1
4.9

1,804.2
1,718.4
85.8
4.8

1,792.3
1,706.0
86.3
4.8

1,871.0
1,736.6
134.4
7.2

1,867.2
1,734.7
132.6
7.1

1,869.9
1,736.4
133.5
7.1

1,868.3
1,734.5
133.8
7.2

1,871.4
1,731.2
140.2
7.5

1,879.7
1,734.3
145.3
7.7

1,876.8
1,735.9
140.9
7.5

1,924.4
1,761.3
163.2
8.5

1,925.0
1,775.7
149.3
7.8

1,892.5
1,738.6
153.9
8.1

1,917.8
1,757.2
160.6
8.4

1,937.0
1,783.1
153.9
7.9

1,917.0
1,771.2
145.8
7.6

631.4
580.4
51.0
8.1

628.1
578.0
50.1
8.0

629.4
577.1
52.3
8.3

627.8
575.2
52.6
8.4

627.6
575.9
51.6
8.2

626.5
575.1
51.4
8.2

624.4
574.7
49.7
8.0

628.0
568.6
59.4
9.5

632.5
585.5
47.0
7.4

625.1
582.2
42.9
6.9

619.6
579.8
39.8

611.9
576.6
35.2
5.8

611.5
573.5
38.0
6.2

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

126



STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

1993

State

1994

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

2,666.4
2,499.4

2,669.1
2,502.0
167.0
6.3

2,671.9
2,504.7
167.2
6.3

2,674.4
2,509.6

167.0
6.3

164.8

2,680.8
2,517.2
163.6

6.2

6.1

3,158.8
2,957.9
200.9
6.4

3,148.2

3,170.4
2,952.5
217.9
6.9

3,185.0
2,962.7
222.3
7.0

3,191.2

2,944.2
204.0
6.5

4,743.6
4,402.7
340.9
7.2

4,728.9
4,412.9
316.0
6.7

4,717.0
4,396.4
320.6

2,463.6
2,335.8
127.7
5.2

2,465.5
2,340.5
125.0

2,469.5
2,343.8

2,475.1

5.1

5.1

2,349.8
125.3
5.1

1,213.9

1,209.1

1,214.7

1,219.4

1,138.3
75.5
6.2

1,137.5
71.6

5.9

1,141.1
73.6
6.1

2,647.6
2,476.7
170.8
6.5

2,646.6
2,474.9

2,646.9
2,474.4

171.7
6.5

172.5
6.5

427.4
401.3

26.1
6.1

429.0
402.5
26.4
6.2

851.1
829.0
22.2
2.6

852.2
831.0
21.3
2.5

855.1

856.5

834.1

835.9
20.5
2.4

746.6
691.5

748.9
693.7
55.3
7.4

750.9
695.5
55.4
7.4

619.4
579.8

620.7
581.1
39.5
6.4

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

2,680.4

2,682.8
2,521.1

2,689.9
2,523.7
166.2
6.2

2,698.7
2,535.7
163.0
6.0

2,661.7
2,511.0
150.7
5.7

2,645.0
2,502.7
142.3
5.4

2,514.8
144.0
5.4

3,141.6
2,956.6
185.0
5.9

2,937.1
190.2
6.1

Junep

Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,518.4
161.9
6.0

161.7
6.0

2,658.8

2,664.5
2,525.4
139.0
5.2

1

Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5.8

3,158.3
2,969.2
189.1
6.0

4,817.9
4,541.5
276.4
5.7

4,769.1
4,498.7
270.5
5.7

4,735.6
4,480.0
255.6
5.4

2,545.2
2,436.3
108.9
4.3

2,562.9
2,455.3
107.6
4.2

2,594.2
2,504.0
90.3
3.5

2,550.1
2,459.3
90.8
3.6

1,216.3

1,215.2

1,229.2

1,130.9
84.2

1,140.0
89.2
7.3

1,240.0
1,150.0

1,243.4

1,131.3

90.0
7.3

81.3
6.5

2,646.8

2,643.9

5.9

2,515.3
131.6
5.0

2,511.0
132.9
5.0

2,654.0
2,533.2
120.8
4.5

437.2
414.8
22.3
5.1

440.5
417.3
23.2
5.3

438.5
418.0
20.5
4.7

436.7
418.8

892.2
863.9
28.3
3.2

881.7
855.3
26.4
3.0

883.6

856.1
27.6
3.1

874.9
847.6
27.3
3.1

780.2
741.1
39.1
5.0

779.2
41.2
5.3

772.2
730.5
41.7
5.4

775.1
731.0
44.1
5.7

625.7
596.9

623.5
594.6

617.0
587.4

28.8

28.9
4.6

29.5

621.5
592.2
29.3
4.7

3,175.4
2,971.7
203.7
6.4

3,161.7
2,965.8
195.9
6.2

3,172.0
2,943.8
228.2
7.2

3,130.2
2,930.4
199.9
6.4

4,736.6
4,409.5
327.1
6.9

4,713.9

4,748.2

4,383.2
330.7
7.0

4,399.3
348.9
7.3

4,803.2
4,440.6
362.6
7.5

4,796.0
4,416.3
379.8
7.9

4,752.8
4,445.0
307.7
6.5

2,475.9
2,350.6
125.3
5.1

2,483.4

2,487.0

2,361.6
121.8
4.9

2,367.1
119.8
4.8

2,539.6
2,426.3

2,582.2
2,475.0
107.3
4.2

1,222.5
1,145.9
76.7
6.3

1,221.6

1,143.4
76.0
6.2

1,146.2
75.4
6.2

1,221.9
1,147.6
74.3
6.1

1,226.5
1,141.8
84.7

2,651.6
2,478.3
173.3
6.5

2,657.3
2,483.3
173.9
6.5

2,658.4
2,485.2
173.1
6.5

2,660.8
2,488.1
172.7
6.5

2,667.4
2,523.8
143.5
5.4

429.0

428.1
402.8
25.3

430.0
404.5
25.5
5.9

425.2
399.8
25.3
6.0

430.1

403.1
25.8
6.0

404.8
25.3

5.9

434.8
410.4
24.4
5.6

410.6
23.2
5.4

859.8
839.0

860.6
840.5
20.1
2.3

862.1

890.7

899.2

841.6
20.4
2.4

868.5
22.3
2.5

873.7
25.5
2.8

760.2
704.8
55.3
7.3

764.7
709.0
55.7
7.3

768.1

779.4
741.4
38.0

622.7
583.8
38.8

621.5
583.8
37.7

6.2

6.1

627.0
596.8
30.2
4.8

2,976.3

214.9
6.7

3,127.3

3,155.5
2,972.5
183.0

1

Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4,749.4
4,406.6
342.8
7.2

6.8

Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

125.6

113.3
4.5

Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6.9

85.0
7.0

6.9

1,162.1

Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,637.8
2,495.1
142.7
5.4

2,643.8
2,488.8
155.0

Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5.9

433.9

17.9
4.1

Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

21.0
2.5

20.8
2.4

Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

55.1
7.4

695.8

757.2
701.4

55.8
7.4

55.9
7.4

622.3
582.0
40.3

623.2
583.2
40.0

751.6

729.4
38.8
5.0

4.9

738.0

New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

618.9

578.9
40.0
6.5

39.6
6.4

6.5

618.2
585.0
33.2
5.4

4.6

4.8

See footnotes at end of table.




127

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1994

1993
State

JuneP

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

4,019.7
3,737.5
282.2
7.0

3,984.4
3,704.7
279.7
7.0

4,007.8
3,725.9
281.9
7.0

3,988.3
3,683.3
305.0
7.6

3,992.3
3,723.3
269.0
6.7

4,042.7
3,786.1
256.6
6.3

4,018.9
3,736.6
282.3
7.0

4,065.7
3,787.7
278.0
6.8

4,029.6
3,735.0
294.7
7.3

4,022.9
3,703.8
319.1
7.9

3,967.1
3,680.7
286.5
7.2

3,928.2
3,655.9
272.2
6.9

4,007.6
3,723.8
283.8
7.1

758.7
58.9
7.8

759.3
700.3
59.0
7.8

758.6
699.7
58.8
7.8

760.1
701.5
58.5
7.7

762.2
703.8
58.5
7.7

760.0
702.9
57.1
7.5

761.5
704.8
56.7
7.4

782.5
736.7
45.8
5.9

780.4
740.2
40.2
5.2

775.2
734.7
40.5
5.2

786.9
745.9
41.0
5.2

785.1
741.8
43.2
5.5

779.9
741.1
38.9
5.0

8,620.1
7,960.6
659.5
7.7

8,627.6
7,975.0
652.6
7.6

8.620.2
7,949.7
670.5
7.8

8,556.8
7,928.0
628.8
7.3

8,624.7
7,954.1
670.6
7.8

8,605.8
7,954.7
651.1
7.6

8,597.0
7,943.3
653.7
7.6

8,621.7
8,007.7
614.0
7.1

8,578.2
7,906.5
671.7
7.8

8,686.4
7,986.9
699.5
8.1

8,652.3
7,946.8
705.5
8.2

8,524.5
7,970.2
554.4
6.5

8,600.6
7,999.8
600.8
7.0

3,565.4
3,374.7
190.7
5.3

3,540.9
3,375.9
165.0
4.7

3,520.6
3,359.8
160.8
4.6

3,523.8
3,371.8
152.0
4.3

3,547.6
3,384.1
163.5
4.6

3,553.6
3,409.5
144.1
4.1

3,565.2
3,417.4
147.8
4.1

3,558.5
3,417.6
140.9
4.0

3,586.8
3,401.6
185.2
5.2

3,572.5
3,416.8
155.7
4.4

3,587.4
3,448.9
138.5
3.9

3,588.8
3,443.5
145.3
4.0

3,560.3
3,429.3
131.1
3.7

318.8
304.6
14.1
4.4

319.9
305.9
13.9
4.4

320.1
306.2
13.9
4.3

320.9
306.9
14.0
4.4

321.4
307.2
14.1
4.4

321.4
307.7
13.7
4.3

321.7
307.7
14.0
4.4

332.5
316.7
15.8
4.7

332.7
317.6
15.1
4.5

332.3
316.4
16.0
4.8

331.4
318.7
12.7
3.8

334.5
322.3
12.2
3.7

334.0
321.4
12.6
3.8

5,469.5
5,137.2
332.3
6.1

5,494.4
5,125.8
368.6
6.7

5,494.6
5,184.0
310.6
5.7

5,459.5
5,071.5
388.0
7.1

5,474.7
5,117.6
357.1
6.5

5,511.9
5,153.2
358.7
6.5

5,550.6
5,202.6
348.0
6.3

5,513.2
5,178.0
335.2
6.1

5,609.5
5,315.3
294.2
5.2

5,595.4
5,266.2
329.2
5.9

5,548.1
5,197.4
350.7
6.3

5,598.2
5,234.6
363.6
6.5

5,545.7
5,239.6
306.1
5.5

1,524.0
1,430.7
93.3
6.1

1,534.0
1,440.3
93.6
6.1

1,528.0
1,434.2
93.8
6.1

1,519.5
1,426.5
93.0
6.1

1,523.5
1,429.1
94.3
6.2

1,523.8
1,430.1
93.7
6.1

1,524.7
1,432.4
92.3
6.1

1,580.6
1,478.9
101.7
6.4

1,577.0
1,467.9
109.1
6.9

1,563.0
1.458.1
104.9
6.7

1,564.7
1,461.5
103.2
6.6

1,565.5
1,469.9
95.5
6.1

1,542.4
1,451.0
91.4
5.9

1,585.5
1,469.6
115.9
7.3

1,588.6
1,472.3
116.3
7.3

1,591.0
1,476.7
114.3
7.2

1,595.1
1,483.7
111.4
7.0

1,602.6
1,493.2
109.4
6.8

1,613.4
1,504.9
108.6
6.7

1,613.8
1,505.9
108.0
6.7

1,608.6
1,493.1
115.5
7.2

1,604.8
1,490.2
114.6
7.1

1,608.2
1,507.7
100.5
6.3

1,607.4
1,512.8
94.6
5.9

1,642.4
1,547.0
95.3
5.8

1,652.1
1,555.5
96.6
5.8

5,870.8
5,460.8
410.0
7.0

5,903.2
5,480.3
422.9
7.2

5,928.7
5,500.4
428.3
7.2

5,915.2
5,506.6
408.6
6.9

5,889.1
5,477.9
411.2
7.0

5,899.4
5,484.1
415.3
7.0

5,889.8
5,513.3
376.5
6.4

5,800.2
5,451.2
349.1
6.0

5,739.6
5,447.7
292.0
5.1

5,913.6
5,511.1
402.5
6.8

5,880.9
5,490.0
390.9
6.6

5,918.0
5,553.1
364.9
6.2

5,969.5
5,615.3
354.2
5.9

512.7
473.0
39.7
7.7

511.3
473.1
38.2
7.5

511.0
472.3
38.8
7.6

509.7
470.5
39.2
7.7

509.7
469.4
40.3
7.9

510.3
469.4
40.9
8.0

509.8
468.6
41.2
8.1

523.7
468.8
54.9
10.5

514.9
475.8
39.1
7.6

510.3
471.7
38.6
7.6

497.3
466.5
30.8
6.2

498.6
467.8
30.8
6.2

503.8
471.2
32.6
6.5

New Jersey1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

128



STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1994

1993
State

JuneP

Mar.

Apr.

May

1,830.7
1,712.3
118.5
6.5

1,813.0
1,691.9
121.0
6.7

1,821.5
1,693.9
127.7
7.0

1,821.4
1,705.4
116.0
6.4

1,820.4
1,710.6
109.8
6.0

362.3
354.1
8.2
2.3

367.8
357.6
10.3
2.8

369.6
358.5
11.0
3.0

369.2
358.8
10.4
2.8

371.2
360.4
10.7
2.9

371.3
360.0
11.3
3.1

2,515.2
2,382.6
132.6
5.3

2,596.2
2,449.7
146.5
5.6

2,597.6
2,445.7
151.8
5.8

2,611.4
2.471.6
139.8
5.4

2,641.3
2,518.1
123.2
4.7

2,643.7
2,526.7
117.1
4.4

2,623.9
2,502.9
121.0
4.6

9,359.1
8,718.1
641.0
6.8

9,301.4
8,690.7
610.7
6.6

9,314.7
8,759.8
555.0
6.0

9,307.3
8,661.5
645.8
6.9

9,317.2
8,623.4
693.8
7.4

9.354.3
8,761.4
592.9
6.3

9,372.4
8,745.3
627.1
6.7

9,414.5
8,780.6
634.0
6.7

34.1
3.7

927.0
893.7
33.2
3.6

930.5
897.9
32.6
3.5

933.2
901.5
31.7
3.4

963.3
932.7
30.5
3.2

972.8
939.7
33.2
3.4

980.4
946.7
33.7
3.4

979.1
944.5
34.6
3.5

984.7
948.1
36.6
3.7

983.4
950.5
33.0
3.4

315.5
298.9
16.7
5.3

316.6
299.9
16.7
5.3

317.8
301.1
16.6
5.2

317.9
301.7
16.2
5.1

317.1
301.1
16.0
5.0

306.9
292.2
14.7
4.8

311.4
295.5
15.9
5.1

317.2
301.8
15.4
4.8

315.6
302.9
12.7
4.0

310.4
296.8
13.6
4.4

309.3
297.0
12.3
4.0

3,372.3
3,206.9
165.4
4.9

3,374.6
3,209.1
165.4
4.9

3,375.2
3,211.4
163.8
4.9

3,375.4
3,215.2
160.2
4.7

3,383.8
3,223.0
160.8
4.8

3,386.5
3,228.3
158.3
4.7

3.395.7
3,231.1
164.6
4.8

3,390.0
3,216.8
173.2
5.1

3,398.3
3,233.3
165.1
4.9

3,452.3
3.273.5
178.8
5.2

3,448.7
3,264.1
184.6
5.4

3,401.4
3,226.8
174.6
5.1

2,687.6
2,483.8
203.8
7.6

2,689.3
2,485.2
204.1
7.6

2,690.9
2,488.5
202.4
7.5

2,703.0
2,502.1
200.9
7.4

2,711.3
2,511.0
200.3
7.4

2,713.3
2.516.6
196.7
7.3

2,723.6
2,524.8
198.8
7.3

2,800.6
2.647.2
153.4
5.5

2,761.8
2,589.8
172.0
6.2

2,743.1
2,564.7
178.4
6.5

2.711.4
2.548.7
162.7
6.0

2,696.0
2,526.5
169.5
6.3

2,715.3
2,538.8
176.5
6.5

786.7

783.0

794.6
711.6
83.0
10.4

796.1
713.6
82.5
10.4

795.3
714.5
80.8
10.2

772.6
687.8
84.7
11.0

82.5
10.7

777.4
698.2
79.3
10.2

770.9
702.6
68.3
8.9

776.5
706.6

83.9
10.7

793.0
709.7
83.4
10.5

773.4

86.9
11.0

791.4
706.9
84.5
10.7

784.5
709.6
75.0

2,713.6
2,583.7
129.9
4.8

2,717.0
2,588.7
128.4
4.7

2,718.2
2,591.0
127.2
4.7

2,723.2
2,598.2
125.1
4.6

2,729.2
2,603.0
126.2
4.6

2,735.6
2,605.9
129.7
4.7

2,743.2
2,611.0
132.2
4.8

2,799.1
2.672.3
126.8
4.5

2,844.3
2,700.5
143.7
5.1

2,826.7
2,691.1
135.7
4.8

2,802.4
2,669.3
133.0
4.7

2,788.4
2,671.7
116.7
4.2

2,806.4
2,685.7
120.8
4.3

238.7
225.7
13.0
5.5

239.2
225.9
13.3
5.5

238.6
225.4
13.2
5.6

239.3
226.5
12.9
5.4

240.0
226.9
13.2
5.5

239.9
226.8
13.1
5.4

240.9
227.7
13.2
5.5

252.5
231.9
20.5
8.1

250.7
233.8
16.9
6.7

250.7
234.5
16.2
6.5

249.1
232.5
16.6
6.7

249.7
234.7
15.0
6.0

249.4
234.4
15.0
6.0

June

July

1,828.0
1,685.4
142.6
7.8

1,828.2
1,684.6
143.6
7.9

359.1
347.0
12.1
3.4

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

1,829.5
1,686.1
143.5
7.8

1,828.7
1,686.2
142.5
7.8

1,830.2
1,689.2
141.0
7.7

1,828.0
1,687.2
140.8
7.7

1,829.6
1,688.8
140.8
7.7

1,792.2
1,688.9
103.2
5.8

359.5
347.4
12.1
3.4

359.9
347.9
12.0
3.3

360.3
348.2
12.1
3.4

360.6
348.8
11.8
3.3

361.3
349.4
11.9
3.3

361.2
349.1
12.1
3.4

2,502.7
2,356.4
146.3
5.8

2,507.5
2,363.9
143.6
5.7

2,508.8
2,366.3
142.5
5.7

2,510.3
2,370.3
140.0
5.6

2,516.5
2,378.5
138.0
5.5

2,516.7
2,380.5
136.1
5.4

9,079.4
8,436.8
642.6
7.1

9,147.7
8,494.9
652.8
7.1

9,213.6
8,555.8
657.8
7.1

9,254.2
8,629.8
624.4
6.7

9,339.4
8,665.2
674.2
7.2

909.3
873.5
35.8
3.9

914.7
879.8
34.9
3.8

919.1
884.5
34.7
3.8

922.9

317.2
300.5
16.7
5.3

315.6
298.9
16.7
5.3

3,371.1
3,202.9
168.2
5.0

Feb.

South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9.0

Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey (CPS). See the
Explanatory Notes And Estimates of Error Section for Region, State, and Area Labor
Force Data.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data, beginning 1994, are not directly




comparable with those for 1993 and prior years as a result of the redesign of the CPS.
In addition, data comparisons are affected by the incorporation of 1990 census-based
population controls (covering the 1990-93 period) and other methodological changes.
For additional information, see "Revisions in State and Area Estimates Effective
January 1994" in the March 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.

129

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

134.0
20.4
8.9
17.9
8.4
3.9

8.4
6.4
6.8
9.0
6.9
7.0

5.4
4.0
4.5
5.7
4.4
4.4

6.6
4.7
5.6
7.2
5.6
5.4

26.6
8.6

24.0
8.2

7.4
6.1

8.6
6.3

7.5
5.9

117.0
60.5
14.1

108.9
53.7
13.1

132.9
64.1
16.1

6.3
5.1
4.3

5.4
4.2
3.6

6.6
5.0
4.5

1,232.1
133.2
95.3
296.4
39.0

74.5
4.0
6.0
14.1
3.5

68.3
3.9
5.4
12.7
3.3

72.2
4.1
5.5
13.4
3.6

6.3
3.2
6.4
4.9
9.2

5.6
3.0
5.7
4.3
8.5

5.9
3.1
5.8
4.5
9.1

15,446.1
277.4
421.0
4,443.0
200.8
1,119.8
1,331.7
1,271.2
696.0
177.9
1,211.2
906.8
847.8
194.6
226.2
245.8
233.7
379.4

15,278.9
274.9
415.6
4,442.0
198.1
1,097.8
1,311.3
1,256.0
688.7
174.4
1,194.6
886.3
832.7
190.6
222.8
241.1
232.4
369.3

1,441.6
41.8
59.7
424.6
34.7
78.1
92.9
137.2
60.1
17.5
99.4
58.8
60.2
14.7
15.4
35.7
19.2
33.4

1,251.4
32.7
50.2
432.0
28.8
65.3
71.2
106.7
46.5
15.3
81.1
47.3
50.8
11.9
12.8
26.9
15.8
24.5

1,322.2
37.2
50.8
448.0
30.7
70.1
76.2
116.3
49.6
15.3
87.8
51.3
53.1
12.5
13.5
29.7
17.0
27.0

9.4
15.2
14.4
9.6
17.5
7.1
7.1
11.0
8.9
10.0
8.3
6.6
7.2
7.6
7.1
14.6
8.3
8.9

8.1
11.8
11.9
9.7
14.3
5.8
5.4
8.4
6.7
8.6
6.7
5.2
6.0
6.1
5.7
10.9
6.7
6.5

8.7
13.5
12.2
10.1
15.5
6.4
5.8
9.3
7.2
8.8
7.4
5.8
6.4
6.6
6.1
12.3
7.3
7.3

1,924.8
149.8
985.8

1,955.6
152.7
992.2

1,988.2
154.0
1,003.9

103.0
7.2
47.3

102.1
7.0
46.8

99.8
7.1
46.9

5.4
4.8
4.8

5.2
4.6
4.7

5.0
4.6
4.7

1,830.7
234.8
117.3
641.7
288.4
197.0
123.5

1,772.7
224.1
114.3
626.2
274.7
190.1
118.0

1,801.6
226.9
116.9
633.9
278.3
195.0
119.5

119.2
17.3
5.8
45.0
18.6
8.3
9.4

94.0
13.5
4.6
35.1
14.6
6.7
7.7

96.7
13.8
4.7
36.1
15.0
7.0
7.7

6.5
7.4
5.0
7.0
6.5
4.2
7.6

5.3
6.0
4.0
5.6
5.3
3.5
6.5

5.4
6.1
4.0
5.7
5.4
3.6
6.5

Delaware
Wilmington-Newark

377.4
278.3

385.3
285.5

391.3
287.4

19.5
15.4

17.7
13.6

18.6
14.9

5.2
5.5

4.6
4.8

4.8
5.2

District of Columbia
Washington

312.7
2,578.9

298.9
2,563.8

311.1
2,600.6

28.9
128.0

22.4
105.7

27.0
117.3

9.2
5.0

7.5
4.1

8.7
4.5

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

6,776.1
188.9
711.2
161.3
97.6
494.7
195.4
210.2
1,039.0
739.3
167.7
243.0
137.8
1,055.7
444.3

6,813.8
188.5
713.7
166.7
98.8
488.9
197.1
209.6
1,054.4
745.1
165.7
243.6
139.5
1,052.7
446.4

6,826.8
188.5
715.3
165.6
97.8
492.4
197.5
209.7
1,057.6
752.7
166.4
243.3
139.6
1,051.6
443.0

518.2
13.7
52.9
10.8
4.8
31.4
21.7
17.2
86.4
49.7
9.6
13.8
6.7
76.0
42.0

458.7
12.3
47.7
9.3
3.9
26.7
15.4
15.5
87.1
44.9
9.1
11.0
6.6
61.7
38.0

464.8
11.7
46.7
9.2
3.9
26.8
18.0
15.0
86.1
44.7
8.6
12.0
6.6
60.8
39.1

7.6
7.2
7.4
6.7
4.9
6.3
11.1
8.2
8.3
6.7
5.7
5.7
4.9
7.2
9.4

6.7
6.5
6.7
5.6
3.9
5.5
7.8
7.4
8.3
6.0
5.5
4.5
4.7
5.9
8.5

6.8
6.2
6.5
5.6
4.0
5.4
9.1
7.1
8.1
5.9
5.2
4.9
4.7
5.8
8.8

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994?

2,017.8
426.0
162.7
245.7
147.4
72.3

2,004.3
428.3
159.6
245.1
148.1
73.8

2,032.1
432.3
160.0
249.9
149.6
73.6

168.5
27.1
11.1
22.1
10.2
5.1

107.7
17.0
7.1
14.0
6.5
3.2

307.5
133.8

309.5
136.3

318.8
139.4

22.9
8.2

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

1,855.8
1,176.1
332.8

1,999.9
1,265.8
360.0

2,012.0
1,270.2
360.1

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,191.1
123.8
94.3
286.0
37.9

1,217.7
131.6
94.5
293.2
38.5

15,262.7
274.3
414.4
4,434.8
198.2
1,101.4
1,308.3
1,242.0
677.3
174.4
1,204.8
887.8
832.6
193.4
217.3
244.1
232.0
373.5

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford-Newark
Waterbury

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

California1
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach1
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

See footnotes at end of table.

130



June
1993

May
1994

June
1994p

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

211.0
4.6
2.8
99.0
13.7
7.6
9.1
8.2

6.3
8.8
4.7
5.6
7.7
7.2
6.3
6.6

4.9
7.2
3.8
4.5
6.0
5.5
5.1
5.6

5.8
8.5
4.3
5.3
6.6
6.7
6.3
6.4

31.5
18.2

35.3
20.1

4.8
3.6

5.3
4.2

5.9
4.6

31.1
8.1

26.6
6.5

27.5
7.4

5.6
4.7

4.5
3.4

4.5
3.8

6,154.2
77.2
93.3
4,074.3
189.2
61.4
51.1
175.7
187.8
109.0

514.8
4.2
6.0
325.8
12.1
6.7
4.8
13.9
21.2
6.7

345.5
2.7
3.8
224.1
8.5
4.6
3.5
8.9
10.8
4.6

339.3
2.5
3.6
218.7
8.4
4.7
3.5
8.8
10.7
4.6

8.4
5.5
6.4
8.1
6.4
10.8
9.3
8.0
11.1
6.3

5.7
3.5
4.0
5.6
4.6
7.7
7.0
5.2
5.9
4.3

5.5
3.2
3.8
5.4
4.5
7.6
6.8
5.0
5.7
4.3

3,042.5
64.1
94.1
153.9
260.4
300.0
787.0
52.6
87.4
67.0
133.7
72.6

3,062.5
58.9
96.3
153.8
263.8
300.3
794.9
52.4
87.3
64.4
136.6
70.5

156.9
2.3
5.3
7.9
15.6
19.6
32.0
2.8
3.2
3.6
6.7
4.6

144.8
2.6
3.4
7.6
10.9
18.4
31.7
2.4
3.6
3.5
5.5
4.6

140.8
2.2
3.4
7.2
11.0
17.4
31.5
2.4
3.0
3.4
5.5
4.3

5.2
3.9
5.6
5.1
6.0
6.5
4.2
5.3
3.8
5.7
5.2
6.3

4.8
4.0
3.6
4.9
4.2
6.1
4.0
4.6
4.1
5.2
4.1
6.3

4.6
3.7
3.5
4.7
4.2
5.8
4.0
4.6
3.4
5.2
4.0
6.2

1,571.4
104.5
250.3
49.8
63.8
64.5
67.5

1,539.8
104.0
244.2
49.1
65.0
63.0
67.7

1,569.2
105.9
248.9
50.2
65.8
64.1
67.2

60.7
3.6
8.1
2.0
1.8
2.0
3.7

48.9
3.2
6.2
1.5
1.5
1.6
3.0

53.1
3.2
6.7
1.7
1.8
2.0
3.3

3.9
3.5
3.2
3.9
2.9
3.1
5.5

3.2
3.1
2.5
3.0
2.3
2.5
4.4

3.4
3.1
2.7
3.3
2.7
3.1
4.8

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,348.8
48.0
90.3
274.9

1,351.5
50.2
90.9
273.3

1,376.8
48.7
93.7
279.3

72.2
3.0
4.6
16.3

61.9
2.5
3.7
15.0

70.2
3.0
4.5
17.1

5.4
6.1
5.1
5.9

4.6
5.0
4.1
5.5

5.1
6.2
4.8
6.1

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,836.3
238.2
515.0
45.2

1,815.8
234.7
519.8
46.4

1,830.3
235.3
525.1
46.9

115.4
10.2
25.0
3.1

83.5
7.9
20.4
2.1

88.5
7.8
21.3
2.3

6.3
4.3
4.9
6.8

4.6
3.4
3.9
4.5

4.8
3.3
4.1
5.0

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,929.3
56.6
276.3
78.0
157.4
80.9
66.1
599.1
174.3

1,929.2
56.9
274.8
78.9
158.3
80.7
66.3
591.7
175.2

1,975.5
58.6
282.7
80.2
160.6
82.8
67.7
604.8
180.9

159.0
4.2
20.6
5.9
12.5
7.1
5.3
46.7
13.5

142.7
3.7
19.4
5.1
10.8
6.3
4.4
40.8
12.3

170.6
4.7
23.6
6.1
12.6
7.3
5.6
48.9
14.6

8.2
7.3
7.5
7.5
8.0
8.8
8.0
7.8
7.7

7.4
6.6
7.1
6.5
6.8
7.9
6.6
6.9
7.0

8.6
8.0
8.3
7.6
7.9
8.8
8.3
8.1
8.1

647.5
50.6
122.3

614.3
49.1
117.5

627.4
49.8
119.0

50.9
4.6
7.7

35.9
3.0
4.6

37.9
3.3
5.4

7.9
9.0
6.3

5.8
6.0
3.9

6.0
6.7
4.5

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

3,475.8
52.8
64.9
1,774.4
205.5
110.0
139.5
124.4

3,559.4
52.8
64.8
1,831.4
203.7
110.4
141.4
125.0

3,631.7
54.1
65.7
1,872.6
206.3
112.5
144.0
127.4

218.2
4.7
3.1
100.1
15.9
7.9
8.7
8.2

175.5
3.8
2.5
82.9
12.1
6.0
7.2
7.0

Hawaii
Honolulu

586.6
428.0

596.1
434.8

597.0
434.1

28.0
15.4

Idaho
Boise City

558.0
174.2

594.4
190.9

606.2
192.6

Illinois1
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,123.7
75.5
93.6
4,044.4
188.4
61.4
51.4
175.0
191.8
107.3

6,052.1
76.3
93.7
4,006.5
184.5
60.0
49.9
172.6
184.7
106.5

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,989.0
58.1
93.8
152.6
260.0
299.3
766.9
52.1
83.9
63.1
129.5
72.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

See footnotes at end of table.




131

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

151.7
82.1

6.7
8.1

5.3
6.4

5.6
6.8

171.6
82.7
7.7
3.9
12.4
8.8
7.2
3.1
17.8
12.0

192.9
94.0
8.7
4.7
14.0
10.4
7.7
3.3
19.4
13.7

6.4
5.6
7.8
6.8
8.3
7.6
9.2
7.5
7.1
6.4

5.4
4.7
6.4
5.7
6.7
5.9
8.9
7.6
6.3
4.9

6.0
5.3
7.1
6.7
7.4
6.8
9.4
7.8
6.8
5.5

356.7
12.9
6.4
169.1
19.5
32.5
5.8
13.4
12.0
14.2

248.8
8.8
4.7
107.4
13.9
21.7
4.1
10.3
8.7
11.3

270.2
10.0
5.0
117.3
15.8
24.4
4.6
10.3
9.7
12.0

7.4
4.6
7.6
7.8
9.7
6.2
7.8
5.9
5.0
7.2

5.2
3.2
5.7
5.0
7.1
4.1
5.6
4.6
3.7
5.8

5.6
3.5
6.0
5.4
7.9
4.6
6.2
4.6
4.1
6.1

2,596.9
120.4
1,584.2
67.6
90.3

137.6
9.3
74.5
2.4
4.7

78.4
6.2
40.1
1.7
2.7

100.7
7.6
52.2
2.3
3.5

5.5
7.9
4.9
3.6
5.4

3.0
5.2
2.5
2.6
2.9

3.9
6.3
3.3
3.4
3.9

1,236.9
211.0

1,268.1
217.8

96.5
12.3

87.7
10.6

102.5
12.5

7.8
5.7

7.1
5.0

8.1
5.8

2,691.7
885.2
1,278.3
149.5

2,649.0
889.8
1,281.2
152.7

2,698.3
909.1
1,308.6
153.2

180.3
50.1
91.7
8.7

124.2
37.6
62.0
5.8

130.6
42.1
63.3
5.2

6.7
5.7
7.2
5.8

4.7
4.2
4.8
3.8

4.8
4.6
4.8
3.4

Montana

435.3

438.8

444.6

27.1

18.9

18.9

6.2

4.3

4.2

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

866.4
130.0
352.6

887.0
134.9
355.6

890.2
133.6
361.1

23.8
3.5
10.9

24.9
4.1
10.1

29.1
3.9
12.8

2.7
2.7
3.1

2.8
3.0
2.8

3.3
2.9
3.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

753.0
537.4
162.1

769.6
561.2
162.1

781.7
566.3
165.4

59.3
43.0
11.2

38.9
29.6
7.1

48.5
36.8
8.7

7.9
8.0
6.9

5.1
5.3
4.4

6.2
6.5
5.3

New nampsnire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

623.8
97.4
98.2
121.5

615.0
95.6
93.8
119.1

626.3
97.2
94.1
120.1

40.0
6.2
6.9
6.2

28.1
4.3
4.6
4.7

29.2
4.9
4.9
4.9

6.4
6.3
7.0
5.1

4.6
4.5
5.0
4.0

4.7
5.1
5.3
4.1

4,081.4
176.2
667.3
278.9
590.7
506.7
1,010.0
172.4
64.5

3,916.8
162.7
639.2
274.0
570.9
480.3
971.8
165.3
61.7

4,071.6
174.7
664.7
282.8
592.8
509.4
1,006.0
169.2
63.8

287.3
15.1
49.2
26.7
34.6
30.5
75.5
9.7
6.9

278.1
15.8
47.8
27.0
31.3
30.1
70.9
9.5
6.8

289.4
15.3
50.3
28.1
32.9
31.7
73.4
10.1
6.8

7.0
8.6
7.4
9.6
5.9
6.0
7.5
5.6
10.6

7.1
9.7
7.5
9.9
5.5
6.3
7.3
5.8
11.0

7.1
8.8
7.6
9.9
5.6
6.2
7.3
6.0
10.7

772.3
333.4
63.1
74.9

783.3
339.3
64.3
75.5

793.7
345.9
63.3
77.8

69.5
26.3
6.8
3.3

42.4
13.6
4.6
2.4

49.5
15.8
4.8
3.2

9.0
7.9
10.7
4.4

5.4
4.0
7.2
3.2

6.2
4.6
7.6
4.1

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

2,697.6
1,226.2

2,648.1
1,196.1

2,695.3
1,215.1

179.6
98.8

140.0
76.2

3,215.9
1,763.4
123.8
70.1
191.3
156.4
83.8
42.7
288.6
249.9

3,149.1
1,750.0
120.1
68.4
186.2
149.5
80.8
40.8
282.5
244.7

3,216.1
1,778.8
122.3
69.5
189.9
153.7
82.3
42.3
285.2
247.7

205.2
99.4
9.7
4.7
15.9
11.9
7.7
3.2
20.4
15.9

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle-Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,822.1
283.0
84.2
2,163.1
201.9
527.5
75.0
227.1
237.0
197.5

4,745.0
278.6
83.2
2,126.5
196.4
523.0
73.7
223.8
236.5
194.4

4,808.3
281.2
83.5
2,155.3
198.7
528.1
74.9
225.1
235.1
197.9

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-StPaul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,510.3
117.6
1,528.1
64.5
86.7

2,581.5
119.0
1,577.9
66.8
92.1

Mississippi
Jackson

1,238.1
213.4

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

Maryland
Baltimore

Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

New Jersey1
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.

132



June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994P

623.7
24.1
9.6
38.9
9.0
2.6
4.2
88.9
312.2
276.0
10.9
33.2
23.1
8.6

7.7
4.9
6.8
6.9
10.8
6.3
6.7
7.1
8.9
9.4
7.1
5.3
6.9
6.6

6.4
4.3
6.0
5.6
6.1
5.2
6.2
5.1
7.8
8.4
5.4
4.6
5.2
5.0

7.1
5.2
7.4
6.6
7.6
6.0
6.4
6.4
8.0
8.5
6.2
5.7
6.2
5.9

143.3
3.7
24.3
20.0
14.9

150.6
3.9
26.0
21.2
16.1

5.8
4.8
5.6
5.0
4.1

4.0
3.5
3.6
3.3
2.8

4.2
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.0

16.0
2.3
3.0
2.8

10.8
1.7
1.8
2.0

14.3
2.0
2.7
2.7

4.8
4.7
3.4
4.4

3.2
3.5
2.0
2.9

4.1
4.0
2.9
4.0

5,604.3
354.3
203.9
817.7
1,099.5
767.1
472.0
311.2
289.2

331.4
19.0
12.7
45.2
68.9
35.2
23.8
18.5
21.0

347.0
21.2
14.0
42.8
70.9
36.2
26.1
19.9
22.1

304.7
18.0
12.0
38.8
61.9
31.9
22.7
17.7
18.8

6.0
5.5
6.4
5.6
6.3
4.6
5.1
6.0
7.5

6.2
5.9
6.9
5.2
6.5
4.7
5.5
6.4
7.6

5.4
5.1
5.9
4.7
5.6
4.2
4.8
5.7
6.5

1,563.3
27.8
43.9
500.1
378.0

1,554.5
27.7
43.9
499.9
378.2

93.8
1.3
2.7
24.4
25.6

97.8
1.4
2.7
25.4
24.1

91.9
1.2
2.4
23.3
23.5

6.1
4.7
6.2
4.9
6.7

6.3
5.2
6.2
5.1
6.4

5.9
4.5
5.5
4.7
6.2

1,614.7
152.2
79.0
924.1
156.5

1,628.9
155.8
80.4
929.4
155.0

1,681.2
157.5
81.7
949.1
164.1

117.0
11.7
7.0
57.4
11.2

86.8
8.3
5.4
40.2
8.2

97.6
9.2
6.2
45.1
9.4

7.2
7.7
8.9
6.2
7.1

5.3
5.3
6.7
4.3
5.3

5.8
5.8
7.6
4.8
5.7

5,925.8
275.7
64.0
141.0
334.1
107.5
231.9
2,469.4
1,156.7
178.4
343.1
54.1
63.0
57.4
188.6

5,896.6
274.7
63.8
140.0
329.1
106.6
228.8
2,429.8
1,161.0
178.6
345.0
54.6
64.2
57.5
187.3

6,021.4
279.4
64.9
142.4
339.0
108.4
237.5
2,484.1
1,183.5
183.3
350.5
55.5
64.5
58.0
192.6

403.0
19.2
4.4
9.8
16.5
10.7
11.5
162.5
76.8
10.5
26.6
5.2
3.5
4.5
10.8

376.7
18.1
4.6
9.5
15.4
9.5
10.0
151.8
74.3
9.8
25.6
3.8
3.1
4.3
9.4

346.8
16.6
3.9
8.7
14.0
8.6
9.9
144.5
68.8
8.7
24.1
3.5
3.0
3.6
9.0

6.8
7.0
6.9
7.0
5.0
10.0
4.9
6.6
6.6
5.9
7.7
9.7
5.6
7.9
5.7

6.4
6.6
7.2
6.8
4.7
8.9
4.4
6.2
6.4
5.5
7.4
6.9
4.8
7.4
5.0

5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
4.1
7.9
4.2
5.8
5.8
4.7
6.9
6.3
4.7
6.2
4.7

513.2
588.7

495.4
571.2

504.2
581.2

36.8
45.5

29.5
36.3

29.7
37.6

7.2
7.7

5.9
6.3

5.9
6.5

1,863.5
251.9
254.9
464.9

1,828.4
244.8
250.6
464.9

1,856.1
248.9
254.0
472.1

150.6
18.5
16.8
27.7

112.7
14.9
11.2
21.4

118.0
16.2
11.6
22.5

8.1
7.3
6.6
6.0

6.2
6.1
4.5
4.6

6.4
6.5
4.6
4.8

369.8
43.2
81.5

375.3
42.4
85.2

382.0
44.2
86.0

13.2
1.6
2.0

10.4
1.3
1.8

12.4
1.4
2.1

3.6
3.8
2.5

2.8
3.0
2.1

3.3
3.1
2.4

June
1993

May
1994

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994?

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City1
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,766.5
459.6
131.5
586.5
125.3
43.2
64.2
1,400.3
3,908.8
3,257.9
173.6
578.9
377.6
145.0

8,528.8
451.4
125.1
569.4
113.9
42.4
60.8
1,328.3
3,861.1
3,244.0
165.8
566.6
360.5
141.4

8,748.2
465.2
129.2
589.7
118.4
44.1
66.2
1,386.4
3,892.5
3,248.0
174.5
587.2
374.0
147.2

678.6
22.6
9.0
40.5
13.5
2.7
4.3
99.3
348.3
307.8
12.4
30.4
25.9
9.5

549.1
19.5
7.6
31.7
6.9
2.2
3.8
68.4
299.8
272.0
8.9
26.1
18.7
7.1

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

3,618.6
107.4
684.4
608.7
558.2

3,574.2
105.9
679.4
603.8
538.1

3,613.6
108.5
686.7
608.7
542.9

208.9
5.2
38.2
30.2
22.9

331.1
48.2
89.3
64.2

336.0
48.3
91.6
67.9

346.1
50.4
93.5
67.6

Ohio1
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,527.9
345.0
198.7
807.6
1,092.6
763.5
465.1
307.4
281.6

5,594.4
359.9
203.3
814.7
1,093.4
763.4
472.4
312.1
288.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,536.4
27.8
43.1
497.3
382.8

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

June
1994?

See footnotes at end of table.




133

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994?

136.3
11.2
13.4
13.8
26.5
22.1

6.4
5.9
6.5
5.1
6.2
4.7

4.1
4.1
4.6
3.3
4.3
2.8

5.1
5.0
5.9
4.0
5.2
3.7

590.4
3.1
4.4
20.7
18.3
7.4
13.7
2.3
15.8
88.7
27.5
44.4
10.2
127.4
5.6
5.7
8.2
5.1
26.0
9.0
2.5
32.3
2.9
5.3
4.5
2.6
4.9
3.3

683.3
3.6
5.1
22.6
21.3
8.6
16.4
2.5
18.6
101.5
31.7
49.7
12.2
145.5
6.2
6.7
9.6
6.7
31.6
10.3
2.8
39.5
3.2
6.0
5.6
3.1
5.6
4.2

7.5
6.3
5.4
4.2
12.0
8.5
13.0
3.5
9.5
6.4
10.9
6.4
9.0
7.8
5.9
10.3
9.8
5.7
17.0
8.7
5.7
6.1
7.9
8.3
7.6
6.3
6.7
6.4

6.3
5.3
4.1
3.6
9.8
6.9
11.2
3.3
9.0
5.3
9.8
5.5
8.0
6.6
5.2
8.5
8.2
4.3
14.2
7.7
5.0
4.7
6.3
9.3
5.6
6.0
5.1
5.3

7.2
6.2
4.7
3.9
11.1
7.9
13.0
3.7
10.4
5.9
11.0
6.1
9.3
7.3
5.7
9.8
9.4
5.5
17.2
8.6
5.6
5.6
6.8
10.2
6.7
7.0
5.7
6.6

40.2
5.3
24.6

32.9
4.1
19.9

37.1
4.7
22.6

4.4
4.0
4.1

3.4
3.0
3.2

3.7
3.3
3.5

313.7
92.0

16.9
3.8

13.3
2.7

12.4
2.7

5.2
4.0

4.3
3.0

4.0
2.9

3,460.8
70.4
60.3
108.3
722.0
504.4
130.8

3,465.5
70.9
60.3
107.5
726.3
502.5
131.2

183.5
2.7
4.4
5.2
40.7
26.3
6.4

180.3
2.5
5.7
5.5
42.9
25.5
5.8

190.4
3.1
5.9
5.6
46.0
25.8
6.1

5.3
3.8
7.5
4.9
5.8
5.3
5.0

5.2
3.5
9.5
5.0
5.9
5.0
4.5

5.5
4.4
9.8
5.3
6.3
5.1
4.6

2,697.8
1,180.2

2,696.0
1,196.3

2,725.2
1,188.6

191.0
73.9

159.3
63.7

163.6
66.9

7.1
6.3

5.9
5.3

6.0
5.6

795.9
126.9
133.9
74.5
72.0

782.1
124.6
131.1
74.5
71.8

793.6
128.8
132.6
75.7
72.2

85.8
10.0
13.2
6.2
6.3

69.8
8.2
10.5
5.1
6.0

73.9
9.1
11.5
5.2
5.3

10.3
7.8
9.9
8.3
8.7

8.9
6.6
8.0
6.8
8.3

9.3
7.1
8.7
6.9
7.3

2,780.4
207.6
73.1
117.9
76.7
70.5
66.7
235.9
769.3
92.2
58.9
67.6

2,782.2
207.6
74.1
123.1
75.7
71.7
68.5
242.8
769.5
92.4
59.3
67.9

2,874.2
215.8
75.3
126.6
77.7
72.8
69.2
245.7
797.8
95.8
62.1
69.9

143.5
9.4
4.5
5.7
5.6
3.8
3.0
5.7
39.4
6.2
2.3
3.7

115.9
7.6
3.1
4.6
3.3
3.3
2.2
4.9
32.5
4.6
1.8
3.4

134.8
9.1
3.6
5.4
4.0
3.8
2.6
5.7
39.9
5.6
2.2
4.0

5.2
4.5
6.2
4.8
7.2
5.3
4.5
2.4
5.1
6.7
3.9
5.5

4.2
3.7
4.2
3.7
4.3
4.5
3.3
2.0
4.2
5.0
3.1
5.0

4.7
4.2
4.8
4.2
5.2
5.2
3.8
2.3
5.0
5.8
3.6
5.7

244.1
30.7

247.3
31.1

254.8
31.1

11.6
1.8

13.9
2.2

13.5
1.9

4.7
6.0

5.6
7.0

5.3
6.3

June
1993

May
1994

June
1994?

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,535.3
217.5
225.4
328.6
489.5
562.2

2,611.3
222.0
223.4
334.7
502.9
587.9

2,656.3
226.4
227.0
341.4
509.7
598.7

161.5
12.9
14.6
16.8
30.3
26.6

107.4
9.1
10.4
11.1
21.8
16.7

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

9,210.9
57.8
104.3
546.4
186.3
106.0
117.7
63.7
171.3
1,628.6
276.9
795.5
126.8
1,942.1
104.3
63.7
98.8
118.1
169.7
118.1
49.1
685.8
45.9
57.3
81.6
41.5
95.1
62.5

9,332.0
58.1
107.0
568.0
186.9
107.5
122.1
70.1
175.2
1,670.1
280.6
802.1
127.4
1,943.6
106.1
66.5
100.6
118.9
182.8
117.4
49.9
692.5
46.1
57.5
81.5
42.7
96.8
62.7

9,544.2
58.4
108.4
578.9
191.2
109.4
126.3
66.8
179.0
1,720.5
287.6
819.9
130.8
1,991.8
109.2
68.0
102.7
120.8
184.1
119.5
50.7
705.7
46.2
58.5
83.8
43.3
97.8
64.3

689.5
3.6
5.6
22.9
22.3
9.0
15.3
2.3
16.2
104.4
30.1
51.3
11.5
151.5
6.2
6.5
9.7
6.7
28.9
10.3
2.8
41.9
3.6
4.7
6.2
2.6
6.3
4.0

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

920.8
132.0
594.4

973.4
137.4
629.3

995.1
141.2
641.6

Vermont
Burlington

321.7
93.8

308.1
90.5

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,435.2
71.0
58.7
106.3
705.5
498.3
129.2

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett

Tennessee

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey (CPS). See the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error Section for Region, State, and Area
Labor Force Data.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data, beginning 1994, are not directly
comparable with those for 1993 and prior years as a result of the redesign of the

134



Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
June
1993

May
1994

June
1994?

CPS. In addition, data comparisons are affected by the incorporation of 1990
census-based population controls (covering the 1990-93 period) and other
methodological changes. For additional information, see "Revisions in State and
Area Estimates Effective January 1994" in the March 1994 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
publication.

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports from
employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of the
population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted
each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the
labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified
by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship,
marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The
survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The
information is collected by trained interviewers from a
sample of about 60,000 households located in 729 sample
areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and
independent cities in the U.S., with coverage in 50 States and
the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the
activity or status reported for the calendar week including
the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey
is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm
wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports
from a sample of over 390,000 establishments employing
over 47 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data
relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay
during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the
month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,




for example, are obtained only from the household survey,
whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more
reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of
information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which have a
differential effect on the levels and trends of the two data
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without
duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.
135

Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job but
not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the
computations of average hours at work. In the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage and
salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the
private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings
received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data from
the establishment survey generally refer to average earnings
of production and related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.
For a comprehensive discussion of the various earnings
series available from the household and establishment
surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS Bulletin
2239 (1986).
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have a
job during the reference week, were currently available for a
job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be called
back to a job from which they had been laid off, whether or
not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures
on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the
Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise
ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits,
persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new
workers who have not earned rights to unemployment
insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture,
domestic services, and religious organizations, and selfemployed and unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.

136




For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural
Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on more
than one farm during the reporting period. There are also
wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting
and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured
in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and
trends of the two series.
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ
from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central
administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial
classification of establishments; and different reporting
patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences
in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of
Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because
of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit
agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs. However, some employees, such as those working in parochial
schools and churches, are not covered by unemployment
insurance, whereas they are included in the BLS establishment statistics.

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the
Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of
households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the
Census through a scientifically selected sample designed to
represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the
employment status of each member of the household 16
years of age and over. The inquiry relates to activity or status
during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which
includes the 12th day of the month. This is known as the
"reference week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in
the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 60,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 2,600 of these households are contacted but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other
reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey
that ranges between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the
60,000 occupied units, there are 11,500 sample units in an
average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is
changed each month. The rotation plan, as explained later,
provides for three-fourths of the sample to be common from
one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the
same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid
employees in their own business, profession, or on their own
farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in
an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) all
those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses
from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, childcare problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job




training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not
they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once, even if he or
she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation and
industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign
countries who are temporarily in the United States but not
living on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons
whose only activity consisted of work around their own
house (painting, repairing, or own home housework)
or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and other
organizations.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons
on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number
of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the
arithmetic average computed from single weeks of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a distribution
of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify as
unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for work;
(2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated
their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary
jobs, who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4)
Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were out
of the labor force prior to beginning their job search; (5) New
entrants are persons who never worked. Each of these five
categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a
proportion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the
four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian
workers. (For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers"
137

and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined
into a single category until seasonal adjustments can be
developed for the separate categories.)
Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific
efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period
preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary
layoff, who although often looking for work, are not required
to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers are
grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer
directly or to a public or private employment agency,
seeking assistance from friends or relatives, placing or
answering ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the "other" category include being on a union or
professional register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup
point. Passive methods, which do not qualify as job search,
include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help
wanted" ads and taking a job training course.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the
population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the CPS
interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for
not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey week.
This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available for
a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12
months (or since the end of their last job if they held one
within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking,
because they believe there are no jobs available or there are
none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly
basis.
138



Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information
for the employed applies to the job held in the reference
week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job
at which they worked the greatest number of hours. The
unemployed are classified according to their last job. The
occupational and industrial classification of CPS data is
based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or
from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession,
trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed are
included in the self-employed category in the class of worker
typology. Self-employed persons who respond that their
businesses are incorporated are included among wage and
salary workers, because technically, they are paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are persons
working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm
or in a business operated by a member of the household to
whom they are related by birth or marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who,
during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held a
wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. A person employed only
in private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.)
who worked for two or more employers during the reference
week is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since working
for several employers is considered an inherent characteristic of private household work. Also excluded are
self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons
with multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number of
hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off on
the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32
hours, even though they were paid for the holiday. For
persons working in more than one job, the published figures
relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the
week; all the hours are credited to the major job. Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each job and
for usual hours.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred
to as involuntary part time, this category refers to individuals
who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours
during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack
work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find
full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who
usually work part time must also indicate that they want and
are available to work full time to be classified as on part time
for economic reasons.

At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group
includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a
noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for
example: Dlness or other medical limitations, child-care
problems or other family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings,
and being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason
for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not want to
work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job and
therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons as
bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time
status. In this context, full-time workers are those who
usually worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This
group will include some individuals who worked less than
35 hours in the reference week for either economic or
noneconomic reasons and those who are temporarily absent
from work. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
usually work less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs),
regardless of the number of hours worked in the reference
week. This may include some individuals who actually
worked more than 34 hours in the reference week, as well as
those who are temporarily absent from work. The full-time
laborforce includes all employed persons who usually work
full time and unemployed persons who are either looking for
full-time work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The
part-time labor force consists of employed persons who
usually work part time and unemployed persons who are
seeking or are on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment
rates for full- and part-time workers are calculated using the
concepts of the full- and part-time labor force.
White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe the
race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American
Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
Because of the relatively small sample size, data for "other"
races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is
determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified
themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto
Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or of other
Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may
be of any race; thus they are included in both the white and
black population groups.




Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons
who never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay,
commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are
converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding self-employed
persons who respond that their businesses were incorporated) who usually work full time on their sole or primary
job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this
publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50
centered interval within which each median falls. Data
expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital
status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be
temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a
hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are
married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married,
spouse absent relates to persons who are separated due to
marital problems, as well as husbands and wives who are
living apart because one or the other was employed
elsewhere, on duty with the Armed Forces, or any other
reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.

139

Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more
persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage,
or adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without
spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in
which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced,
or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families
exclude all those in which there is no wage or salary earner or
in which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the
family is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very
similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in
1940, a number of changes have been made over the years to
improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of
activity prioritization.
• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to the
sample for the same 4 months of the following year. Before
this system was introduced, households were interviewed
for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The new system
provided some year-to-year overlap in the sample, thereby
improving measurement over time.
• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the
reference week.
• In 1957, the employment definition was modified
slightly as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of
labor force concepts and methods. Two relatively small
groups of persons classified as employed, under "with a job
but not at work," were assigned to different classifications.
Persons on layoff with definite instructions to return to work
within 30 days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering
that they were waiting to start a new wage and salary job
within 30 days of interview, were, for the most part,
reassigned to the unemployed classification. The only
exception was the small subgroup in school during the
140



reference week but waiting to start new jobs, which was
transferred to not in the labor force.
• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a result
of the recommendations of the President's Committee to
Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics (the
Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were as
follows:
a) A 4-week job-search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job-search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified
as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement.
This revision to the concept mainly affected students, who,
for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the spring
although they will not be available until June or July. Such
persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed but
since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.
c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.
d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons
who indicate that they want a job but are not currently
looking because they believe there are no jobs available or
none for which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.
• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population
Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete
redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there
were revisions to some of the labor force concepts and
definitions, including the implementation of some changes
recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on
Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission.) Some of the major
changes to the survey were:

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated
questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and
relevant information, and to take advantage of state-of-theart computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be
classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have
wanted a job and be reported as not currently looking
because of a belief that no jobs were available or that there
were none for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in
1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have
looked for a job within the past year (or since their last job, if
they worked during the year), and must have been available
for work during the reference week (a direct question on
availability was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability
had been inferred from responses to other questions.) These
changes were made because the NCEUS and others felt that
the previous definition of discouraged workers was too
subjective, relying mainly on an individual's stated desire
for a job and not on prior testing of the labor market.
c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in the
reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened
by adding two new criteria for persons who usually work part
time: They must want and be available for full-time work.
Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons who
usually work full time but worked part time for an economic
reason during the reference week are assumed to meet these
criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation of
recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff. To be
classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect to
be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did
not include explicit questions about the expectation of
recall.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as
unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet
the job-search requirement in order to be included among
the unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods Used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population




Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue
of this publication.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also
affected the comparability of the labor force data.
• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total
employment, and agricultural employment were increased
by about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals
and men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this
increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor
force categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000;
unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but had
little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor
force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser
degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000, and
the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare
independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach.
This change in the derivation of the estimates had its greatest
impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year old men—particularly
those of the black-and-other population—but had little
effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and over.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears
in "CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February 1974 issue of
this publication.
• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
141

black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by
76,000—(30,000 men and 46,000 women.) The addition of
the refugees increased the black-and-other population by
less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the
changes being confined to the "other" component of the
population.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey
in January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this
publication.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and
seven-eighths of the sample households had race determined
by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980
that the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure.
Differences between the old and new procedures existed
only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates,
not for the total United States. The reasoning behind the
change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio
adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the
February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change
caused substantial increases in the total population and in the
estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for
labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually
unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted
back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment
procedure used is also described in the February 1982 article
cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth out the
breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979 (de142



scribed above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.
• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate datafromthe 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey
Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of
this publication. There were only slight differences between
the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the
various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the
first-and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite
estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the
changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population
Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985
issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a
slight effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on
estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates
were revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls
used in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were
revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of
undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980
and an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among
legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was
increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population
and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and
305,000, respectively, and Hispanic employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the
magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were
revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the
Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey
Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of
this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio
estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance
of very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were based on

information obtained from the 1990 census (adjusted for the
undercount as measured by the Census Bureau's Post
Enumeration Survey). This change resulted in substantial
increases in total population and in all major labor force
categories. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population increased by about 1.3 million,
with much of the increase occurring among Hispanics.
Estimates of employment were raised by about 950,000, and
unemployment by approximately 200,000. In addition, the
overall unemployment rate rose by about 0.1 percentage
point, largely reflecting the increase in the Hispanic share of
the population, which has a higher-than-average incidence
of unemployment. For further information, see "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1994,"
in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to
major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS
questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the
occupational classification of individuals. As a result of
these changes, meaningful comparisons of occupational
employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and
prior years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates
were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of
the changes in the occupational classification system, see
"Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 1971" and
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the
February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively, of
this publicatioa
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980
census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical
comparability than did the new occupational system. The




most notable changes from the 1970 system were the
transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal service from "public administration" to
"transportation," and some interchange between "professional and related services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and
industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in
the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were
introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
and 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems,
respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability
between the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories. The most notable changes in industry
classification were the shift of several industries from
"business services" to "professional services" and the
splitting of some industries into smaller, more detailed
categories. A number of industry titles were changed as well,
with no change in content.
Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is
traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after
each decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and
the number of sample persons are changed occasionally.
Most of these changes are made in order to improve the
efficiency of the sample design and/or to increase the
reliability of the sample estimates. When Alaska and Hawaii
received statehood, three sample areas were added to the
existing sample to account for the population of these States.
In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing
units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was
designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's), which
were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new State-based
CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information.
A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the
8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS
sample based on the 1990 decennial census has been
selected for use during the 1990's. Households from this new
sample will be phased in during the April 1994 through July
1995 period. For further information, see "Redesign of the
143

Sample for the Current Population Survey" in the May 1994
issue of this publication.
The 1980 census-based sample design includes about
72,000 housing units per month located in 729 selected
geographic areas called primary sampling units (PSU's).
The sample was initially selected so that specific reliability
criteria were met nationally, for each of the 50 States, for the
District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of New
York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan
area. Since 1985, these reliability criteria have been
maintained through periodic additions and deletions in the
State samples. The criteria, given below, are based on the
coefficient of variation (CV) of the unemployment rate,
where the C V is defined as the standard error of the estimate
divided by the estimate, expressed as a percentage. These
CV controls assume a 6-percent unemployment rate to
establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
Nationally, a 1.8-percent CV is maintained on the
monthly unemployment rate estimate. This means that a
change of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate is
significant at a 90-percent confidence level.
In 11 States—California, Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts,
Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, and Texas—the most populous States at the
time of the 1980 decennial census, an 8-percent CV is
maintained on the monthly unemployment rate estimates. In
the other 39 States and the District of Columbia, an
8-percent CV is maintained on the annual unemployment
rate estimate. In New York City and the Los Angeles-Long
Beach metropolitan area, a 9-percent CV is maintained on
the monthly unemployment rate estimates.
In the first stage of sampling, the 729 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected.
Each month, about 72,000 housing units are assigned for
data collection, of which about 60,000 are occupied and thus
eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be
destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or
ineligible for other reasons. Of the 60,000 housing units, 4 to
5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to
temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make
contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and
refusals to cooperate (about half of the noninterviews).
Information is obtained each month for about 113,000
persons 16 years of age and older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,137 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 1,973 sample units (PSU's). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties.
In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are used
instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties
144




normally are combined, except where the geographic area of
the sample county is very large. Combining counties to
form PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU
includes urban and rural residents of both high and low
economic levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible,
diverse occupations and industries. Another important
consideration is to have the PSU sufficiently compact so
that, with a small sample spread throughout, it can be
efficiently canvassed without undue travel cost.
The 1,973 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the
probability of selection proportional to the population of the
PSU. There are 314 PSU's in strata by themselves that are
self-representing, and generally these are the most populated PSU's in each State. The remaining strata are formed
by combining PSU's that are similar in such characteristics
as population growth; proportions of blacks and of Hispanics
(in certain States); and population distribution by occupation, industry, age, and sex. The PSU's, randomly selected
from these strata, are non-self-representing, because each
one chosen represents the entire stratum. The probability of
selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum
is proportional to its 1980 population. For example, within a
stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000
would be selected for the sample is twice that for a PSU
having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design
is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on the reliability requirements for estimates for
each State. The State sampling ratios range roughly from 1
in every 200 households to 1 in every 2,500 households in
each stratum of the State. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio for
the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1
in 10 with a State sampling ratio of 1 in 2,500, the
within-PSU sampling ratio that results is 1 in 250, thereby
achieving the desired ratio of 1 in 2,500 for the stratum.
Within each designated PSU, several steps are involved in
selecting the housing units to be enumerated. First, the 1980
census enumeration districts (ED's), which are administrative units and contain on the average about 300 housing
units, are ordered so that the sample would reflect the
demographic and residential characteristics of the PSU.
Within each ED, the housing units are sorted geographically
and are grouped into clusters of approximately four housing
units. Next, a systematic sample of these clusters of housing
units is selected.
The identification of the sample housing units within an
ED is made wherever possible from the list of ED addresses
compiled during the 1980 census. The address lists are used
in about three-fourths of the ED's, primarily in urban areas.
Area sampling is applied in the remaining ED's, mostly in

rural areas. In ED's where address lists are used, automated
methods are used to form clusters of geographically
contiguous housing units. An effort is made to have all small,
multi-unit addresses (two to four housing units) included in
the same cluster. The methods use the within-PSU sampling
ratio to identify appropriate clusters for the sample.
Supplemental samples are also prepared to account for
addresses in isolated geographic areas and to account for
housing units not found on the address lists, including
housing units newly constructed in the PSU since the census
date. The addresses of these units are obtained mainly from
records of building permits.
In those ED's where area sampling methods are used,
mainly rural areas, the ED's are subdivided into small land
"chunks" with well-defined boundaries and having, in
general, an expected "size" of about 8 to 12 housing units
or other living quarters. For each subdivided ED, one chunk
(or more) is designated for the sample. When a selected
chunk contains about four households, for example, all units
are included in the sample. When the size of the chunk is
several times four units, an interviewer does not conduct
interviews at all housing units in the chunk but uses a
systematic sampling pattern to obtain approximately four
households. The remaining housing units in the chunk are
then available for further samples. Area ED's also make use
of building permit lists to identify newly constructed
housing units.

Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. For each sample, eight representative subsamples or
rotation groups are identified. A given rotation group is
interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In any 1 month,
one-eighth of the rotation groups are in their first month of
enumeration, another eighth is in their second month, and so
on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample segments are
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a
substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year
overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of
change and reducing discontinuities in the series of data
without burdening any specific group of households with an
unduly long period of inquiry.
Table 1-A provides a description of some aspects of the
CPS sample design in use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS sample design appears in the
Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and
Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the
Current Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1980 census-based sample appears in "Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population
Survey," in the May 1984 issue of this publication.

Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present
Households eligible
Time period

Aug.
Feb.
May
Jan.
Mar.
Jan.
Aug.
Aug.
Jan.
Jan.
May
Jan.
Apr.
Nov.

1947
1954
1956
1960
1963
1967
1971
1972
1978
1980
1981
1985
1988
1989

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

Jan. 1954
Apr. 1956
Dec. 1959
Feb. 1963
Dec. 1966
July 1971
July 1972
Dec. 1977
Dec. 1979
Apr. 1981
Dec. 1984
Mar. 1988
Mar. 1989
present 3

68
230
1
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.




Households visited
but not eligible

Number of sample
areas
Interviewed

Not interviewed

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400

500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800

3
The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period,
April-November 1989.

145

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability of
the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure
of the number of actual persons that the sample person represents. Since 1985, almost all sample persons within the same
State have the same probability of selection. Exceptions include sample persons in New York and California, where
households in New York City and Los Angeles are selected
with higher probability. Selection probabilities may also differ for some sample areas due to field subsampling, which is
carried out when areas selected for the sample are found to
contain many more households than expected. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage; data from previous months are incorporated into
the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of
similar sample areas that are usually, but not necessarily,
contained within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based
on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size.
Within each cluster, there is a further breakdown by
residence. Each MSA cluster is split by "central city" and
"balance of the MSA." Each non-MSA cluster is split by
"urban" and "rural" residence categories. The proportion of
sample households not interviewed varies from 4 to 5
percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population
selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance,
from that of the population as a whole in such characteristics
as age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these
characteristics are closely correlated with labor force
participation and other principal measurements made from
the sample, the survey estimates can be substantially
improved when weighted appropriately by the known
distribution of these population characteristics. This is
accomplished through two stages of ratio adjustment, as
follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the
first-stage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to
variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's
that are not self-representing and for those States that have a
146



substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1980 census between 1) the race distribution of
the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution
of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing PSU's.)
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects, to
some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex
categories
3) National civilian noninstitutional population controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories
The independent population controls are prepared by
projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating
demographic census data with information from a variety
of other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed
Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the
resident population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from
the Post Enumeration Survey, are added to the population
projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were
based on earlier censuses, and there was no correction for
census undercount. A summary of the current procedures
used to make population projections is given in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1994,"
appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists of a
weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio estimate based on the entire sample from the current month and
the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six rotation
groups common to both months. In addition, a bias adjustment term is added to the weighted average to account for
relative bias associated with month-in-sample estimates.
This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by unemployment
estimates for persons in their first and fifth months in the
CPS being generally higher than estimates obtained for the
other months.
The composite estimate results in a reduction in the
sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two
stages of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is

substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in
estimates of month-to-month change, although gains are
also usually obtained for estimates of level in a given month,
change from year to year, and change over other intervals of
time.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always
equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The
standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to
quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as
discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in the Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies by
rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The
Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From Panel




Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American
Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 94 percent of the decennial census
population. It is known that the CPS undercoverage varies
with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men than for women and larger for
blacks, Hispanics, and other races than for whites. Ratio
adjustment to independent age-sex-race-origin population
controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the
biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist
in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed
households or missed persons in interviewed households
have different characteristics than interviewed persons in
the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and
Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S.
Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical
Policy and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey:
An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro,
Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April
1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design and
Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the
Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. This last document
includes a comprehensive discussion of various sources of
errors and describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire
population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true
population values that they represent. This difference, or
sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate. Sample
estimates from a given survey design are unbiased when an
average of the estimates from all possible samples would
yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case,
the sample estimate and its standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of
values, that include the true population value with known
probabilities. If the process of selecting a sample from the
population were repeated many times and an estimate and its
standard error calculated for each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error
above the estimate would include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
147

believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval
statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors for
all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques
are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types
of labor force characteristics. It is important to keep in mind
that standard errors computed from these methods reflect
contributions from sampling errors and some kinds of
nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an
estimate's standard error rather than its precise value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1993 as well as the
use of new population controls based on the 1990 census. For
years prior to 1967, the standard errors obtained must be
further adjusted to reflect the CPS sample size in effect at
that time. For years prior to 1956, standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.5; for the years 1956 through 1966, standard
errors should be multiplied by 1.22.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates.
These standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates
and can be determined directly by finding the characteristic
of interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly
levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of the
monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used
with formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly
any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or
consecutive month-to-month change. For monthly levels
and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables
1-F and 1-G are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since
the formulas provide more accurate results than linear
interpolation.
Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard errors
of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1-B, 1-C,
1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and
yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes of
monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating

148



Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)

Category

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Monthly
level

Consecutivemonth change

275
295
146

204
224
160

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

179
194
103

152
164
118

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

204
209
90

155
160
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

89
87
58

88
86
75

127
129
66

94
98
75

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

72
76
45

63
67
53

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

90
89
43

68
68
50

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

36
31
28

38
32
33

Hispanic origin, 16 years and
over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

121
123
58

85
100
68

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.
Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These tables provide a quick reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table 1-B
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels
for major employment status categories. Table 1-C gives
approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month changes in
unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and
occupational categories. For characteristics not given in
tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1-E or
tables 1-F and 1-G.
Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approxi-

Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by
major characteristics
Characteristic

Monthly
level

Consecutivemonth change

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present .
Women who maintain families

0.11
.16
.15
.16
.16
.76
.12
.47
.53
.16
.19
.54

0.13
.19
.18
.19
.19
1.00
.14
.55
.63
.19
.22
.65

.23
.19

.27
.23

.48
.31

.57
.37

.25
1.27
.72

.30
1.51
.86

.36

.43

.36

.43

.52

.62

.57

.68

.74
.73

.88
.87

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and
managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related
support
Sales
Administrative support,
including clerical
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private
household and protective
service
Precision production, craft, and
repair
Machine operators, assemblers,
and inspectors
Transportation and material
moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners,
helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Industry
Nonagricultural private wag
and salary workers
Goods-producing industries . . .
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing
industries
Transportation, communications, and public utilities .
Wholesale and retail trade . . .
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary
workers

.13
.28
1.57
.73
.29
.38
.45

.16
.33
1.87
.87
.34
.45
.53

.15

.18

.43
.27
.19
.21

.51
.33
.23
.25

1.19

1.42

mate standard error of 204,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "total, women 20 years and over: Civilian labor force."
A 90-percent confidence interval as shown by these data,
would then be the interval from 53,674,000 to 54,326,000.
Concluding that the true labor force level lies within this interval would be correct for roughly 90 percent of all possible
samples.
Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor
force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For major
categories not shown, such as male or female, tables 1-F and




1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate values not
shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the two
monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months the
estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1-E column titled "labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural employment, total," it is necessary to
find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
252,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 223,000. Use linear interpolation to
find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.
/120,000,000-116,150,000 \
223,000 + 1

1(252,000-223,000) =229,000

\ 120,000,000-100,000,000 /

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
734,000 to 1,466,000.
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas
given below that allow the user to calculate standard errors.
Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from 1 month to
the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be highly
correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of part-time employment, by contrast, have low correlation, because these
estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics.
When high or low correlation is not specified in table 1-G,
the parameters in this table should be selected from the rows
labeled "most characteristics" or from rows not specifying
correlation.

149

Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8.000
10,000
15,000
20.000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100.000
120.000
140,000
160,000
180,000

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

Black

12
17
39
58
90
147
202
256
310

12
17
37
51
71

Total or
white

11
16
36
51
71
100
122
140
155
187
213

Black

12
17
36
51
69
89
98
99
92

Hispanic
origin

Total

12
18
39
55
11
105

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
214
253
281
301
316
324
328
321
294
238

White

Black
Employed

11
16
36
51
72
101
122
140
156
187
212
249
275
293
304
308
307
287
238

12
17
37
51
71
96
111
121
127
125
98

13
18
41
57
78
103
116
122
122
89

Civilian labor
force or not
in labor force
13
18
41
57
78
103
116
122
122
89

Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20.000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

150



Hispanic origin
Total or
white

Black

13
18
40
55
73
88
86
65

11
16
35
49
67

Total or
white

Black

14
19
42
60
84
115
138
155
168
190
200

14
19
43
59
78
96
97
81

Hispanic
origin

15
21
46
65
89
118

Total

White

Black
Employed

9
13
29
42
59
82
100
115
128
154
174
206
228
244
254
260
262
252
223
164

9
13
29
42
59
82
100
115
128
154
174
206
228
244
254
260
262
252
223
164

10
14
30
42
58
78
90
96
99
90
43

11
16
34
48
65
86
96
100
98
60

Civilian labor
force or not
in labor force
9
13
29
40
55
72
82
86
86
62

Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate
standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be
obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate the
standard error of an estimated month-to-month change in
level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive months
and use the parameters from table 1-G.

sx = A/ax 2 + bx

Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("unemployment, total or white")- Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard error on the
estimate of 6,000,000.
a = -0.000015942

sx = V

b = 2576.83

(-0.000015942) (6,000,000) 2 + (2576.83) (6,000,000) =122,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("unemployment, total or white, total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.

Sx=

,100,000) 2 + (3652.76) (6,100,000) =139,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from
-22,000 to 422,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can also
be expressed by saying that the apparent change of 200,000
is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons, or
the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories, use
the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the numerator. The approximate standard error, Sy>p> of an estimated per-




centage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.
y P(IOO-P)

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b = 2204.62
from table 1-F ("labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, total
women"). Apply the formula to obtain:
2204.62 (32) (100-32) =0.9 percent
5,600,000

Sy,p-

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000 or
34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard
error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the 2
months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next, obtain
the parameter b = 2344.57 from table 1-G ("labor force and
not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment
and unemployment, total or white, women, low correlation
characteristics") and apply the formula as follows.
s

=/\/
v

2344 57
(33) (100 - 33) '= 1.0 percent
5,650,000

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.
If the example had illustrated percentages of women
employed full time, the numerator would have been a high
correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed
women; thus, the row labeled "women, most characteristics" would have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("women, low correlation" or "both sexes, 16 to 19
years"). In situations like this, where it is not clear which
row applies, a general rule to follow is to choose the row with
the largest b parameter. This gives a more conservative estimate of standard error.
Use of table I-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly or
yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or yearly
averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly
estimates. Table 1-H gives factors to be applied only to standard errors for monthly levels. Follow these three basic
steps:

151

Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels
Characteristic

a

b

Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural employment and
unemployment:
1

Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.

Total
Men 1
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000015693
-.000029081
-.000026234
-.000155877

2601.35
2408.58
2204.62
2217.37

White 1
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000017747
-.000032645
-.000029869
-.000185057

2600.88
2410.86
2201.86
2221.96

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000112595
-.000271289
-.000164088
-.001181647

2735.54
2553.88
2298.23
2570.17

-.000190760

3394.71

.000005264

722.21

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16
to 19 years

.000694096
.000761532

2656.52
2461.77

-.000022089

2250.29

Black

-.000121207

2749.05

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

.010960039

2522.57

.014443239

1483.55

-.000015942
-.000190601
-.000094114

2576.83
2744.70
3116.52

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F ("labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment, black, total"). Use the formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error for a
monthly estimate of 11,600,000.

a = -0.000112595

b=2735.54

sx= V(-^000112595)(ll,600,000)2+(2735.54)(ll,600,000) =129,000

Hispanic origin
Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16- to
19-year-olds

Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each
successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000,11,600,000, and 11,700,000.

Excludes not-in-labor-force data.

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "quarterly averages" and row labeled
"labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 112,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000,11,200,000, and 11,300,000.
Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.
Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use the
formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error for
the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate for a
single month.
sx= A^.000112595)(ll,400,000)2+(2735.54)(ll,400,000) =129,000

Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1-D or
1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were
an estimate for a single month.

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table 1-H
(column labeled "change in quarterly averages" and row
labeled "labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than
agricultural employment and unemployment, black"). This
gives an approximate standard error of 108,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from 1 quarter to the next.

Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or on
the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2 by the
appropriate factor from table 1-H.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the
change in quarterly averages is significant.

152



Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1

-0.000011078
-.000008243
-.000014344

1743.77
1363.60
2222.55

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000020055
-.000014922
-.000051814

1674.07
1307.96
2325.37

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000018844
-.000053069

1472.65
2344.57

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000169260

2280.05

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000088926
-.001732525

1871.20
5676.12

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000210520
-.002587620

1986.81
5079.90

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000140581
-.002078112

1621.48
4723.08

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.001176111

2729.02

-.000145304
-.000095111
-.002425480
-.000227656

2417.72
1682.24
7511.81
2045.54

-.000366130
-.000315338

3150.64
2239.22

Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000351254
-.000597224
.000115653

3344.45
3450.08
2062.60

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000109948
-.017161885

2493.69
5121.00

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

.002654758
.002647371

4043.98
3510.08

-.000218152

1822.59

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics

-.000083130
-.000063570

3652.76
4463.07

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000372215
.000043286

3800.30
2691.66

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics

-.000233757
-.000921018

4404.26
6132.68

Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years and over;
and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Self-employed
Unemployment:

2

1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid family
workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

153

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor

Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of
monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change
in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Change
in
yearly
averages

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than
agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time

154




Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION

BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies
in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). In March 1993, this sample
included over 390,000 reporting units. From these data, a
large number of employment, hours, and earnings series in
considerable industry and geographic detail are prepared
and published each month. Historical statistics can be found
in Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, and
Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States and Areas. These
data are also available in machine-readable format.
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates from
selected respondents through computer-assisted interviews,
touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of tax
and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or
more are asked to participate in the survey, as well as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle design
automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the relationship of the current data to the data for the previous months is
shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For
example, accuracy and economy are achieved by entering
the identification codes and the address of the reporter only
once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are
edited again by computer to detect processing and reporting
errors which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the edited data are used to prepare national estimates.




It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals
because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic
stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more
than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the
entire employment of the establishment is included under
the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States and
areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in
accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification
Manual (SIC), Office of Management and Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the
12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons
who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar
month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed
any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave v vhen pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay peri d even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were hired
but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
155

calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series
(3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0,50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average value
(mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment. The margin between the percent that
increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100 minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment [65-(100-65) = 30]. However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect
of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.

Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the
12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production,
construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or the workweek during the
pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend
and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums
were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.

Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely
associated with the above production operations.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to
the average hours for which pay was received and is different
from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages
cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of
construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as
precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by
members of the construction trades.

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures
for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the
product of average weekly hours and production worker or
nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of
industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the
component aggregates.

156



Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular
hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition,
weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in
the same direction from month to month. Such factors as
work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not
have the same influence on overtime hours as on average
hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level also may be
caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings
for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of
time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work
or time. The earnings series do not measure the level of total
labor costs on the part of the employer since the following
are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments
of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers,
and earnings for those employees not covered under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to
these series as apply to the average hourly earnings series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in
lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to calculate
the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated




portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for the
industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants
(ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Average
hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but
also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees
are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these
industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
The reference year for these series is 1982.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees
covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These
157

annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,703 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.

Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts for
March. These population counts are much less timely than
sample-based estimates; however, they provide an annual
point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative file
of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by UI
laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 99 percent of in-scope private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the remaining 1 percent is constructed from alternate sources, primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission
and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark
developed for March replaces the March sample-based estimate, for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge is
linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added to
the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark
year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark
estimates reflect the application of sample-based monthly
changes to new benchmark levels for March, and the recomputation of bias adjustment factors for each month. Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates, all
other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average
hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal adjustment factors are calculated and all data series for the previous 5 years are reseasonally adjusted, prior to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.

158



Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result
primarily to help account for new business births during the
month.
Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,703 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current
month's employment is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is called a
"link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus a March
benchmark is moved forward to the next March benchmark
through application of monthly link relatives. Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic estimation and
aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also
shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic cell
level, as part of the standard estimation procedures. The
main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary
source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to
capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firm births. There is a several month lag between an establishment opening for business and its appearing on the UI
universe frame and being available for sampling. Because
new firms generate a portion of employment growth each
month of the year, nonsampling methods must be used to
capture this growth, otherwise substantial under estimation
of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings

Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)

Monthly data

All employees

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to
all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months^

Production or nonsupervisory workAll-employee estimate for current month multiers, women employees
plied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.2

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly
hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours . . .

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for
component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Annual average data

All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours . . .

Average hourly earnings

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (produc- Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for protion worker employment multiplied by average duction workers divided by annual sumof employweekly overtime hours) divided by annual sum of ment for these workers.
employment.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings
1

The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product
by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources of bias in the
sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly




earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character ofthe reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same time,
tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample
average.

159

survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983 benchmark,
bias adjustments were derived from a simple mean error
model, which averaged undercount errors for the previous 3
years to arrive at bias projections for the coming year. The
undercount errors were measured as the difference between
sample-based estimate results and benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to react
to changing economic conditions or changing error structure
relationships between the sample-based estimates and the
UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the inability to
incorporate UI universe counts as they become available on
an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag from the reference
period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model
are subject to intervention analysis, and adjustments can be
made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias
levels for a quarter. Review is done primarily in terms of
detection of outlier (i.e., abnormally high or low) values, and
by comparison of CES sample and bias trends with the most
recent quarterly observations of UI universe counts. The
BLS currently has under study improved bias models using a
Kalman filter technique, which would allow a more formal,
structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe
counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling error
in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among these
nonsampling error sources is a business death bias. When a
sampled firm closes down, most often it simply does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero
employment. Followup with nonrespondents may reveal an
out-of-business firm, but this information is often received
too late to incorporate into monthly estimates, and the firm is
simply treated as a nonrespondent for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and a
number of other differences between the sample-based estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and of
themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1983-93
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"

160



and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average
amount of bias which was added each month over the course
of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias added
for 1993 is listed as 83,000; this represents the average of
bias adjustments made each month over the period April
1992 through March 1993. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given year is
known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the
difference between a March estimate derived purely from
the sample (i.e., a series calculated without bias adjustment)
and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure by 12 gives
the average monthly bias required figure. The bias required
is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which
would have achieved a zero benchmark error. The difference
between the total bias required and the total bias added is
then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision
amount, for any given year. Also provided in the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes. As discussed
above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with
the bias added and bias required figures.

THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing
timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary goal of
its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be published both
promptly and regularly. The present sample allows BLS to
produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates
for each month, including some limited industry detail,
within 3 weeks after the reference period, and data in considerably more detail with an additional one-month lag.
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is a
form of sampling with probability proportionate to size,
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average
size of establishments. The universe of establishment employment is highly skewed, with a large percentage of total
employment concentrated in relatively few establishments.
Because variance on a population total estimate is a function
of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it
is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate
than smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample
unit is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the establishment survey design, large establishments fall into a certainty strata for sample selection. The
size of the sample for the various industries is determined
empirically on the basis of experience and cost considerations. For example, in a manufacturing industry with a high
proportion of total employment concentrated in a small
number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample

design for such industries provides for a complete census of
the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from
among the smaller establishments. For an industry in which
a large proportion of total employment is concentrated in
small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade
and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the
sample to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary to have a sample design for these industries with a smaller proportion of total universe coverage
than is the case for most manufacturing industries.
Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling
operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C shows the
latest benchmark employment levels and the approximate
proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary
from the proportions shown.
Reliability
The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total

survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES
can derive an annual approximation of total error,
on a lagged basis, because of the availability of the
independently derived universe data. While the benchmark
error is used as a measure of total error for the CES survey
estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference
between two independent estimates derived from separate
survey processes (i.e., the CES sample process and the
UI universe process) and thus reflects the errors present in
each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been
very small for total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.2 percent,
with a range from zero to 0.6 percent. Table 2-D shows the
most current benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean
revisions and mean absolute revisions for major industries.
Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates;
unbiased estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as
over and under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of
the estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate
was from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and
therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions, although
the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in
employment weights. Like the employment estimates, the
hours and earnings estimates are also subject to sampling
and nonsampling errors. Estimates of the sampling error for
employment, hour, and earnings were computed using the
method of random groups and are expressed as relative stan-

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1983-93
Average monthly bias

Benchmark
Employment1

Revision2

Added 3

Required4

Over-the-year
employment
change5

1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

72,043
76,371
79,446
81,204
83,173
86,180
89,015

-78
341
-131
-400
21
-310
-93

102
140
152
149
98
114
131

96
169
141
116
99
88
123

-1,327
4,328
3,075
1,758
1,969
3,007
2,835

1990
1991
1992
1993

90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790

-261
-583
-130
288

85
61
33
83

63
12
22
107

1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443

Year

1

Universe counts for March of each year used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 99 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 1 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and the
benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because
there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

161

dard errors (standard error divided by the estimate). Relative
standard errors for individual industries with the specified
number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard
error by its estimated value gives the estimate of the standard
error. The errors presented here are based on averages observed from sample data over the March 1992 through
March 1993 period.
Standard errors for differences between industries and
times. The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different
industries. Since the estimates for the two industries are independent, the standard error of a difference is the square
root of the sum of the estimated variance of each estimate,
Si 2 and S 2 2 .
S difference

=

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates over
time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as
follows.
S change

=

^/Sj

every third year entire division(s) are subject to refiling. The
volume of these adjustments is generally quite large and has
a substantial impact on universe employment counts at the
industry levels, although the total nonfarm employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a year when the services division is refiled, a substantial amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and
potentially causing a significant downward revision in the
services employment totals previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings, based
on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G presents
the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and the mean
absolute percent revision that may be expected between the
preliminary and final employment estimates.
Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1993
Sample coverage1
Employees

+
Industry

If si = S2, then:
S change

Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments SIC and ownership codes
are made through this process. The refiling cycle is such that




Number of
establishments

108,935
603
4,177
17,974

Number
(thousands)

Percent
of
benchmarks

325,021

43,564

40

3,883
26,404
59,002

258
851
9,160

43
20
51

17,567
26,367
65,892

2,528
1,154
4,843

44
20
25

6,633
29,647

24,346
77,599

2,175
7,771

33
26

2,926
4,581
11,638

(3)
5,977
17,984

2,926
3,911
7,987

100
85
69

=

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for average
hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of values that include the true population value. If the process of
selecting a sample from the population were repeated many
times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for
each sample, then approximately 68 percent of the intervals
from one standard error below the estimate to one standard
error above the estimate would include the true population
value.

162

Benchmarks
(thousands)

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade . . .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate ..
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

1

5,720
5,903
19,133

2

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings
estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads. A small sample is used to estimate
hours and earnings data.
3
Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management.
Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well as State
and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a sample of
5,342 reports covering about 60 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

Table 2-D. Current (March 1993) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1993
benchmark revision

10-year average
mean percent revision1

Industry
Level

Percent

Actual

263

0.2

-0.1

288

.3

-.1

.3

287

1.3

-.4

.7

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetaillic minerals, except fuels

13
0
4
8
1

2.2
0
3.4
2.4
1.0

-1.8
-2.7
-1.2
-2.1
-1.1

2.1
3.2
2.0
2.6
1.5

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

68
42
1

1.6
4.1
.2

26

1.0

-.4
-.1
-.5
-.5

1.5
2.2
1.8
1.9

206

1.1

-.4

.7

-.4

.7

-.6
-.1
-.3
-.7
-.3
-.3
-.7
-.9
.5
1.0
.5
-.3
-.5

1.4
.9
1.0
1.0
1.3
.8
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.8
1.4

Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products . . .
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores

128
18
6
4
3
0
22
20
7
24
13
2
12
13
78
24
-4
9
7
9
9
5
-4
19
2

1.3

2.6
1.2
.8
.4
0
1.7
1.0
.5
1.4

1.6
.4
1.3
3.5
1.0
1.5
-9.5
1.3
.7
1.3
.6
.5
-2.7
2.1
1.7

0.2

-.4
-.6
-1.7
-.3
-.9
-.1
-.3
-.2
-.3
-.3
-1.7

-24
58
56
0
7
37
0
3
1
9
2
4
-2

Absolute

1.1
4.0
.8

1.3
.6
.9
.8
1.7
1.6
3.3
.3

1.0

1.6
0
1.8
2.3
0
.4
5.3
2.5

-.4
-.6
-.1
1.0
-.4
-2.8

-1.3

.7
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.6
5.0
2.1
3.7
2.6

.1
.3
-.2

-.1
-1.6
-.1
-.2
-.1

-152
-75
-11

-2.6
-2.2
-3.1

-.7
-.9
-.3

1.2
1.3
1.1

-40
-13
92

-.2
-1.8
3.8

.2
.6
1.3

.6
1.6
2.1

.7
1.1
.7

See footnotes at end of table.




163

Table 2-D. Current (March 1993) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1993
benchmark revision

10-year average
mean percent revision1

Industry
Level

Percent

Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

1
-24
-1
-20
-48
-28

(2)
-1.2
-.1
-2.5
-.7
-1.2

-.9
-.8
1.2
-.4
.6
-.2

1.0
1.2
1.6
1.5
1.2
.8

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Nondepository institutions
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

100
10
-24
34
4
-4
64
50
14
26

1.5
.3
-1.2
7.8
.9
-1.8
2.9
3.3
2.1
2.0

-.3
-.7
-1.3
.7
-.1
-.5
.2
.5
-.3
-.2

.8
.8
1.3
1.4
.9
4.8
1.0
1.5
1.8
1.4

35
4
14
56
8
-61
11
7
-11
60
-107
-32
-5
-71
2
0
73
5
-1

.1
.9
.9
4.7
.1
-3.5
1.2
2.0
-2.7
5.3
-1.2
-.8
-.5
-4.0
.1
0
3.6
.2
-2.4

.1
2.6
.2
.1
.4
1.5
-.2
-.5
.9
.1
-.7
-.4
(2)
1.0
-1.1
1.4
2.3
.8
-.5

.5
2.6
1.4
2.3
1.4
4.1
.9
3.8
2.2
2.9
1.0
.7
1.4
2.9
1.9
3.4
3.0
1.5
1.8

-25
0
18
5
13
-43
-7
-36

-.1
0
.4
.3
.5
-.4
-.1
-.7

(2)
0
.4
.7
.2
-.1
-.1
-.2

.3
0
.7
1.3
.6
.3
.4
.3

Actual

Absolute

Retail trade—Continued

Services
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Personnel supple services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Hospitals
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services3
Services, nee
Government
Federal
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
1 Data relate to the 1984-93 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless otherwise noted.

164



2

Less than 0.05 percent.
3 Data relate to 1989-93.

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

1.3
1.0
.8
.6
.4
.3

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Average
hourly
earnings

2.0
1.5
1.1
.8
.6
.5

2.9
2.4
1.9
1.4
1.1
.9

1

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1992-March1993.
Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings by industry division
(In percent)

Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.4
.4
.1
.2
.1

0.4
.7
.2
.2
.2
.3

0.3
1.0
.3
.4
.5
.4

.2
.2
.1

1.5
.4
.3

1.7
.3
.3

.3
.2

.5
.7

.4
.4

1
Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1992-March1993.

Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are
normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and




1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private nonfarm level,
and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry
groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the full
CES sample to produce monthly national employment estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the sample
to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions
are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be
obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue.
Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation
procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate
national data by detailed industry; correspondingly the State
estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data
for each individual State. State estimates are not forced to
sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because each State series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate
level. This has been a particular problem at turning points in
the U.S. economy, when the majority of the individual State
errors tend to be in the same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the Bureau does not compile or publish a
"sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large
and volatile error structure, particularly at turning points.

165

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Mean percent revision
Industry

Root-mean-squareerror
of monthly level1
Actual

Absolute

71,500

0

0.1

54,300

0

0

17,200

0

.1

Mining
Metal mining 2
Coal mining*
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 2

2,400
600
1,000
2,300
400

0
0
-0.2
.1
0

.3
.7
.6
.4
.3

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building 2
Special trade contractors*

9,900
4,400
4,000
6,400

.1
0
.1
.1

.2
.3
.4
.2

0
0
0
-.1
-.1
0
0
0
0
.1
-.1
0
0

.2
.2
.2
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
.4
.2
.2
.3

0
.1
0
0
0
0
0
-.1
0
-.1

.2
.8
.2
.2
.2
.1
.1
.3
.2
.5

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts 2
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation2
Local and interurban passenger transit2 ..
Trucking and warehousing2
Water transportation2
Transportation by air2
Pipelines, except natural gas 2
Transportation services2
Communications and public utilities
Communications2
Electric, gas, and sanitary services2
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
See footnotes at end of table.

166



11,600
8,500

1,400
1,300
1,300
1,800
1,400
2,200
2,600
3,100
4,400
3,600
2,300
1,700
1,600
6,600

3,900
500
1,800
2,800
1,500
1,900
1,700
700
1,700
800

.1

64,700

9,300
7,100
2,100
3,200
13,300
200
1,200
4,500
4,200
1,900

0
0
0
0
-.1
.2
-.3
-.4
-.1
-.1
-.1
0

.1
.2
.6
.7
.3
1.0
.5
.7
.3
.2
.2
.2

6,500
3,800
4,300

0
0
0

.1
.1
.1

15,300
2,200

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Mean percent revision
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies2
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Apparel and accessory stores2
Furniture and home furnishings stores2
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments2
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions2
Nondepository institutions2
Security and commodity brokers2
Holding and other investment offices2
Insurance
Insurance carriers2
Insurance agents, brokers, and service2

Real estate
Services
Agricultural services2
Hotels and other lodging places 2
Personal services2
Business services
Personnel supply services2
Auto repair, services, and parking 2
Miscellaneous repair services2
Motion pictures2
Amusement and recreation services2
Health services
Hospitals2
Legal services2
Educational services2

Social services1

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens2
Membership organizations2
Engineering and management services3
Services, nee2
Government
Federal

State

Education2
Other State government2

Local

Education2
Other local government2

1
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean squared
error The mean squared error is the square of the difference between
the final and preliminary estimates averaged across a series of
monthly observations.
2
Data based on differences from January 1990 through December




Actual

Absolute

13,300
6,200
3,100
12,200
3,900
11,300
7,600

.1
.1
0
0
0
-.1
.1
0
.2

.1
.2
.4
.2
.1
.5
.3
.1
.2

6,400
4,500
9,200
1,500
1,000
1,700
3,000
2,800
1,000
3,100

0
0
-.1
.1
.1
0
0
0
0
.1

.1
.1
.2
.3
.2
.6
.1
.1
.1
.2

30,800
6,100
7,200
11,000
14,300

4,100
1,400

0
-.1
.1
-.1
.1
.2
-.2
-.2
-.1
.4
0
-.1
-.2
-.1
-.1
-.2
-.2
0
.1

.1
.6
.3
.6
.2
.5
.4
.4
1.0
.9
.1
.2
.3
.7
.5
1.0
.4
.1
.3

44,200
15,800
17,500
11,700
8,200
26,600
19,800
20,400

0
.1
0
.1
.1
0
.1
0

.2
.4
.3
.5
.2
.2
.3
.2

29,000
2,500

12,400

12,700
2,800
6,200
13,900

7,100
26,400
12,400
24,500
28,100
900
25,400

1993.

3
Data based on differences from August 1990 through December
1993.
NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1989 through
December 1993, unless otherwise noted.

167

Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits under
Federal programs such as the Job Training and Partnership
Act.
Annual average data for the States and over 260 areas
shown in table C-3 are published in Employment and
Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States,
selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual
average data classified by selected demographic, social, and
economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin,
Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various
Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMA's, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. The estimation methods are described below for
States (and the District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas.
At the sub-LMA level, (county and city), estimates are
prepared using disaggregation techniques based on decennial and annual population estimates and current unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description of the
estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document,
Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for 11 large States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey,
New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the

168



Current Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These
are termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, models based
on a "signal-plus-noise" approach are used to develop
employment and unemployment estimates. These are the
"non-direct-use" States. The model of the signal is a time
series model of the true labor force which consists of three
components: A variable coefficient regression, a flexible
trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression
techniques are based on historical and current relationships
found within each State's economy as reflected in the
different sources of data that are available for each
State—the CPS, the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The
noise component of the models explicitly accounts for
autocorrelation in the CPS sampling error and changes in the
average magnitude of the error. In addition, the models can
identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical
CPS series. While all the State models have important
components in common, they differ somewhat from one
another to better reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population
ratio and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each
State. The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from the
CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component accounts
for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the CES
while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic
differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship
between the State's monthly unemployment insurance
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust
automatically to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of the model includes a built-in tuning
mechanism, known as the Kalman Filter, which revises a
model's coefficients when the new data that become
available each month indicate that changes in the data

relationships have taken place. Once the estimates are
developed from the models, levels are calculated for the
employment, unemployment, and labor force levels.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District of
Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a procedure (called the Denton method)
which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the
CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible,
the original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is required; the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates
will equal the CPS annual averages.

These factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current
period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which
are added estimates for employment not represented in the
CES—agricultural employees, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers, and private household
workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws; (2)
those previously employed in industries not covered by
these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation.

Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force and employment estimates for two
large sub-State areas—New York City and the Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area—are obtained directly from
the CPS. Estimates for the nearly 2,400 LMA's, are prepared
through indirect estimation techniques, described below.

Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment
must be applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensure
that they add to the independently estimated State totals for
employment and unemployment.

Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian employment estimates are based on CES data. These "place-ofwork" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place of
residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed for
several categories of employment on the basis of employment relationships at the time of the 1990 decennial census.

Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of
employment and unemployment.




169

Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because
these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to
note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation
based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates
have a broader margin of possible error than the original data
on which they are based, because they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the
uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.
Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and
establishment-based data are published monthly in Employment and Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Methodby
Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No.
12-564E, January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the
January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings projected
seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based
on the experience through June. Revisions of historical data
for the most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning of
each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to
the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population
counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982
were carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force
components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural
employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age
groups (men and women under and over 20 years of age) are
separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then
added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The
seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of
eight seasonally adjusted civilian employment components
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components.
170



The total for unemployment is the sum of the four
unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is
derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total
unemployment by the estimate of the labor force. Because
of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series,
components will not necessarily add to totals.
In each January issue, Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor
force series based on the experience through December, new
seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the
civilian unemployment estimate for the first 6 months of the
following year, and a description of the current seasonal
adjustment procedure.
Since the early 1980's, BLS has also used the X-ll
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust national establishment-based employment, hours, and earnings data. The
X-ll ARIMA program had been run once each year after
benchmarking and seasonal adjustment factors had been
projected and published for 12 months ahead (April-March).
Beginning in June 1989, with the introduction of the March
1988 benchmarks, the Bureau modified this procedure to
parallel that used in seasonally adjusting household survey
data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated
and published twice a year. Revisions of historical data are
made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative
models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors
are computed and applied at component levels. For
employment series, these are generally the 2-digit SIC
levels. Seasonally adjusted totals are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and weighted averages of the
seasonally adjusted data for hours and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally
adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index
for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and
multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average
weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the
1982 annual average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total private service-producing, arid major industry
divisions, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly
hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component
industries and dividing by the 1982 annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number of
series characterized by small seasonal components relative
to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These

INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES
TABLE KEY: A: Monthly household data; B: Monthly national and State and area establishment data; C: Monthly regional, State,
and area labor force data; D: Quarterly, household data only, in the January, April, July, and October issues. Annual averages:
Household data in the January issue; national establishment data in the January, March, and June issues; State and area establishment and labor force data in the May issue. For additional information see the listing on the inside front cover of this
publication.
Monthly
Topic

Absences from work
Aggregate weekly hours (Index)
Agricultural industries

Seasonally
adjusted

A-6
A-6
B-6

Earnings, weekly

B-11

Occupation
Race

B-11

D-11-14

A-21-25
A-20

D-4
D-4

D-13-14

A-1-2; 1-2,56,12-13,15,
17-18,28,34
19-23
12-13,15-16

D-19-21

37
B-2,15-17;
53; 2
B-2,15,15a,

A-34
B-2,15-18
B-2,15,15a,
17-18

3-5,7
•4
3-5,7
•6
•4

A-13-17,20
A-15
A-19; B-1214
A-17-19
A-13-16,18

A-5

A-16,31

Historical data

B-8-10

A-21-25; B-2,
15,18

Hours of work

6,10
1-3,6

A-34
A-16
B-12,15-18

B- 7; C-1-2

B-14,18; C-3

A- 3-5,8-9
A- 12
A- 4

Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race

A- 10
A- 10
A-•4

Reason
Sex

A- 11
A- 2-5,8-9

•U.S. Government Printing Office: 1994— 301-186/00011




A-26,32
A-35
A-14,20

A- 5
B- 5,8-9,11

Duration
Hispanic origin

172

17; 39-42,
53; 2
7

A-15

Family type
Fuil-time workers

Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era

Annual
averages

D-1,4,8

A-13-18,20;
B-13

Jobsearch methods
Marital status
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory workers
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age

Not
seasonally
adjusted

A-14,19-20,
28,33

A-2-7; B-4

Sex

Seasonally
adjusted

47-48
B-9
A-1-3,6,10

At work
Class of worker
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, hourly

Educational attainment and school enrollment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry

Not
seasonally
adjusted

Quarterly averges

D-1-3,5
D-2

D-11-12,15
D-11-15

D-4
D-2

D-13-14
D-11,13,15

D-1-5

D-11-15

D-3

D-13-14

D-4,8
D-1,4

3-9,14-15
4-7,11-13,18
B-1,12-13,
16-18; 1
9-13,17
3,5,7-8,1012,14,17-18
B-13; 2-18
25-26
8,12-13,32
A-1-2; B-1-2;
1-2
B-15; 19-23,
53; 2
35-36
24,33
38
A-1-2; 1-2,56,12-13,15
37
8,12-13
B-12,15-17;
52-53
1-3

D-3

D-13-14

A-13-16,26,
29-30,32
A-30-33
A-15

D-1-2,6-7

D-11-12,16

3-8,24,29,31,
35

D-10
D-2

D-18
D-11-12,
16-18

31-34
4-7,25-26,30

A-28,33
A-27,33
A-13-16,26,
29,32
A-29-30
A-13-16,2630,32

D-8
D-8
D-2

D-11,16-20

28,34
27,34
3,5,7-8,24-26,

D-9
D-1-2,6-7

D-17
D-11-12,16

30,33,35
29-31
2-8,24,27-29,

D-22-23

31,33,35-36
43-46
49-50

A-36

failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,
are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally
adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS has developed an extension of X-l 1ARIMA to allow
it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or
absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which
tested as having significant and well-defined effects in their
April data associated with the timing of Easter. This
extension was also used for the seasonal adjustment of many
of the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours, starting with the computation of the projected factors for the period beginning in
April 1990. Effective with the computation of factors for the
November 1993-April 1994 period, an extension of the
moving-holiday adjustment was introduced to adjust for the
effects of elections on local government employment.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishmentbased series based on the experience through March 1994,
new seasonal adjustment factors for May-October 1994, and
a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1994 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Factors for the November 1994-April 1995 period will
appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of




seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions
and divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia
(tables C-l and C-2). Using the X-ll ARIMA procedure,
seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied
independently to the component employment and unemployment levels and then aggregated to regional or State
totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors are produced for
6-month periods twice a year. Historical revisions are made
at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the
separate processing procedures, totals for the Nation as a
whole differ from the results obtained by aggregating
regional or State data.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of
seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by
major industry for all States and the District of Columbia
(table B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly
to the employment estimates at the division level (component series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated
to the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each Sate series
is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the
national series, summing them cumulates individual State
level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large
and volatile error structure.

171

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS

REGION I-BOSTON
1 Congress Street
10th Floor
Boston, MA 02114
Phone (617)565 2327
REGION I I - N E W YORK
Room 80S
201 Varck Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
REGION III—PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street, 8th Floor
Gateway Building, Suite 8000
Philadelphia, PA 19104-3309
Phone:(215)596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street. NE
Atlanta. GA 30367
Phone (404) 347-4416
REGION V - C H I C A G O
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago. IL 60604
Phone (312) 353-1880
REGION V I - D A L L A S
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and V I I I KANSAS CITY
City Center Square
1100 Main. Suite 600
KansasCity, MO 64105-2112
Phone:(816)426-2481
REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P O Box 193766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone: (415) 744-6600




IV
X
IX
VI
IX

VIII
I

II!

III

IV

IV

IX

X
V
V

VII
VII
IV

VI

I

III

I

V

V

IV

VII

ALABAMA

Department of Industnal Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg , Montgomery 36130
Department of Labor, Research and Analysts
Section. 1111 West 8th S t , Juneau 99802-5501
ARIZONA
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St.. Phoenix 85005
ARKANSAS
Employment Security Department.
P O Box 2981, Little Rock 72203-2981
CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department. Employment Data and Research Division. 7000
Frankhn Blvd . Bldg 1100. Sacramento 95823
Department of Labor and Employment. Suite
COLORADO
801. 1120 Lincoln Street. Denver 80203
Labor Department. Employment Security
CONNECTICUT
Division. 200 FoHy Brook Blvd.
Wethersfieid 06109
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
DELAWARE
and Labor Market Information, P 0 Box 9029.
Newark 19714-9029
Department of Employment Services, Division
DIST OF COL
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C S t , NW , Washington,
DC 20001
FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security. Bureau of Labor Market Information.
Suite 203. 2574 Seagate D r , Tallahassee
32399-0674
GEORGIA
Department of Labor. Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd , NE ,
Atlanta 30303
HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations.
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
IDAHO
Department of Employment. 317 Mam St
Boise 83735
ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
401 South State St.. Chicago 60605
INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue.
Indianapolis 46204
IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue. Des Mooes 50319
KANSAS
Department of Human Resources 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services. Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch.
275 East Main St.. Frankfort 40621
LOUISIANA
Department of Labor. Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
MAINE
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research. 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
MARYLAND
Department of Employment and Training,
Research and A n a l y s t Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St.. Baltimore 21201
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training.
Government Center, Charles F Hurley Bldg
Boston 02114
MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division. Room.516, 7310
Woodward Avenue. Detroit 48202
MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training. Research
and Statistics Division. 5th F l . 390 North
Robert St.. St Paul 55101
MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division. P O Box 1699.
Jackson 39215-1699
MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P O Box 59.
Jefferson City 65104
ALASKA

BLS
VIII MONTANA

Department of Labor and Industry, P O Box
1728. Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P O Box 94600. Lincoln
68509 4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St.. Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Mam St.. Concord 03301
II
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor. Division of Planning and
Research, P O Box 2765. Trenton 08625
VI NEW MEXICO
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broad
way. TIWA Bldg . Albuquerque 87103
II
NEW YORK
Department of Labor. Division of Research and
Statistics. State Campus, Room 400. Bldg 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission. Labor Market
Information Division. P O Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service. P O Box 1537. Bismarck 58502
V
OHIO
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
X
OREGON
Employment Division, 875 Union St.. NE .
Salem 97311
III PENNSYLVANIA
Bureau of Research and Statistics
300 Capitol Associates Building
Harrisburg, PA 17120-0034
Department of Labor and Human Resources
II
PUERTO RICO
Bureau of Labor Statistics. 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl.. 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
I
RHODE ISLAND
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St.. Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995.
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center. P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
IV TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Corddl Hull Office
Bldg. Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission. Room 208-T, 1117
Tnnity St., Austin 78778
Department of Employment Security, Labor
VIII UTAH
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249.
Salt Lake City 84147
Department of Employment and Training, Office
I
VERMONT
of Policy and Public Information. PO Box 488,
Montpefier 05602
Employment Commission, Economic Information
III VIRGINIA
Services. PO Box 1358. Richmond 23211
Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A. 54-MB Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
II
VIRGIN ISLANDS
Amalie, St Thomas 00801 3359 (CES)
Employment Security Department. Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
X
WASHINGTON
Dr, Otympia 98503
Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
III WEST VIRGINIA
Avenue. Charleston 25305
Department of Industry. Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau.
V
WISCONSIN
201 East Washington Avenue. Madison 53707
Employment Security Commission. Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760.
VIM WYOMING
Casper 82602
VII

NEBRASKA