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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
W . B WILSON, Secretary
WOMEN'S BUREAU
MARY ANDERSON, Director
The Eight~Hour
Day in Federal
and State Legislation
Summary of the State and Federal
"Eight-Hour Laws" in Effect in
the United States : 1920
( SECOND EDITION)
BULLETIN No. 5
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
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192 1
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THE EIGHT-HOUR DAY IN FEDERAL AND STATE
LEG ISLATI ON.
LAWS AND ORDERS ESTABLISHI NG AN EIGHT-HOU R
DAY FOR WOMEN IN CERTAIN OCCUPATIONS.
Eight States-Arizon a, California, Colorado, Montana, Nevada,
Utah, Washington, Wisconsin-on e Territory, Porto Rico, and the
District of Columbia have laws which limit the working day for
women in certain occupations to eight hours.
EIGHT-HOUR DAY, FORTY-EIGHT HOUR WEEK.
California, Utah, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of Porto Rico
not only limit the daily hours of women workers to 8 but also limit their
weekly hours to 48. As no overtime is allowed in California, Utah, and the
District of Columbia, or any arrangement of hours to make one shorter work
day per week, these laws are the strictest. eight-hour laws in the United States.
Porto Rico does allow one hour of overtime daily, but weekly hours can not
exceed 48. The occupations covered vary somewhat. Manufacturing, mech anical, or mercantile establishments, laundries, hotels, restaurants, telephone or telegraph establishments, express or transportation companies are
included in all these laws. In addition California and Utah both include hospitals and offices. The California law also covers public lodging houses, apartment houses, places of amusement, labeling in the fruit, fish, or vegetable
canning industry, and unclassified occupations. Utah excepts canneries, and
California limits them to a basic eight-hour day. Porto Rico covers any form
of lucrative employment, but excepts telephone operators, telegraphers, artists,
nurses, or domestics.
EIGHT-HOUR DAY, FIFTY-SIX HOUR WEEK.
Two States, Arizona and Nevada, limit the daily hours of women to 8 but
allow them to work 56 hours weekly. Nevada makes no provision for oveetime, permitting a 7-day week, but only 8 hours' labor on any one day.
Arizona allows .2 hOUI'.S overtime on 1 day a week in mercantile establishments,
confectionery stores, and bakeries, so that a 7-day week with 1 day of 10
hours is legal. The laws of both these States include mercantile establishments, laundries, hotels, restaurants. Arizona also includes confectionery
stores, bakeries, 1 telephone or telegraph offices, and Nevada includes manufacturing or mechanical establishments, public lodging houses, places of amusemel'lt, .express or transportation companies. Both States except nurses; Arizona
excepts telephone and telegraph offices where not more than three women are
employed; Nevada excepts canning.
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THE EIGHT-HOUR DAY IN
4
EIGHT-HOUR DAY, NO WEEKLY LIMITATIONS.
Four States-Colorado, Montana, Washington, and Wisconsin-limit the
d aily hours of women workers to eight, but have no weekly limitations. Colorado, Washington, and Wisconsin allow no overtime; Montana allows it in retail stores during the week before Christmas to the extent of two hours daily.
The occupations covered by these Jaws var y greatly. Colorado, Montana, and
vVashington include mecha nica l or ruerc;antile establishments, la undries, hotels,
r esta u rants ; Colorado and Montana, manufacturing establishments ; Montana,
telegr aph and telephone establishments. Wisconsin covers only a much smaller
group of workers, conductors, motorm en, fl agmen on street car lines outside
of first-class cities. Washington alone excepts a manufacturing industrycanning.
Sumrnary.-These laws definitely r ecognize eight hours as the
maximum limit of a day's work and seek to establish this standrrrd
for women workers. How effecti vely these laws accomplish this
limitation varies greatly in the different States. The inclusiveness
of the list of occupations, the provisions that make for thorough enforcement, whether the law limits both daily and weekly hours,
whether the law allows overtime, all m ake for wide differences in the
actual results obtained by these laws.
INDUSTRIAL WELFARE COMMISSION ORDERS ESTABLISHING A BASIC EIGHT-HOUR DAY FOR WOMEN IN
CERTAIN OCCUPATIONS.
Two States, Kansas and Califoi-nia, provide that, in specified
industries, for all hours worked above eight m any one day an
increased hourly r ate shall be paid.
KANSAS.
The Industrial Welfare Commission 'order is that women telephone operators
and those. employed in manufacturing establishments must be paid at the rate
of time a nd a half for all hours v;rorked in excess of eight daily. In manufacturin g establishments it allows overtime only in cases of emergency, specifying1
that the weekly hours, including the overtin1e, may not exceed 55 and must be
worked on six days of the week. It also provides that time and a ha lf shall
be paid for all hours worl~ed by telephone operators above 48 in one week.
CALIFORNIA.
The Indu strial Welfare Commission orders cover fresh fruit and vegetablecahning and packing, fish canning, and agricultural field occupations. They
require that time and a. quarter be paid for all hours abovr 8 daily and
double time for all hours above 12 d ail y, a nd that time and a quarter be paid
for the first 8 hours' work on the seventh day of the week and doubl e time for
all hours above 8.
Summary.-These laws do not establish an , eight-hour day, but
they do show the recognition by these two States that eight hours is.
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FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATION.
5
the fair maximum day's labor, and by making the work done in the
hours over eight more costly, tend to limit the working day definitely
to eight hours.
LAWS AND ORDERS ESTABLISHING A FORTY-EIGHTHOUR WEEK FOR WOMEN IN CERTAIN OCCUPATIONS.
Three States-Massachusetts, North Dakota, and Oregon-have
laws which limit the working week for women in certain occupations
to 48 hours, but do not limit the daily hours to 8.
EIGHT-AND-A-HALF-HOUR DAY, FORTY-EIGHT-HOUR WEEK.
North Dakota has limited the hours of women workers to 8½ in one day and
48 in one week. No overtime is allowed, so that the weekly limitation of 48
hours forces any establi.shment working the daily maximum to have one very
short day per week. 'rhe law covers manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile
establishments, laundries, hotels, restaurants, offices, telephone or telegraph
establishments or offices, express or transportation companies. It excepts rural
telephone exchanges, hotels, and restaurants, and telephone exchanges in
towns of less than 500 population.
NINE-HOUR DAY, FORTY-EIGHT-HOUR WEEK:
I
Two States, Massachusetts and Oregon, limit the hours of women workers
to 48 hours in one week, but allo·vv 9 hours in Hny one day. In this group, as in
the previous one, an establishment working the full legal hours five days a
week must run for only 3 hours on the sixth day to keep within the legal
weekly hours. Both States cover manufacturing and mercantile establishments, telephone excl:ianges or telegraph offices; Massachusetts also includes
factories, workshops, mechanical establishments, express or transportation companies, elevators in all establishments covered by the law. The Oregon law fa. eludes laundry esy:i.blishments, personal service (i. e., hair dressing, manicuring, ush'ers in theaters), public housekeeping (i. e., hotel, restaurant, boarding
house, car cleaning, j ani tresses). This law excepts fruit and vegetable drying,
canning, preserving, packing establishments, and gives the Industrial Welfare
Commission discretionary powers in regard to rural telephone exchanges.
Summary.-The actual application of these laws forces in many
c~ses an 8-hour day. In all cases, the standard of an 8-hour day as
the fair maximum is suggested as a corrollary of the legal 48-hour ,
Week.
1
MINIMUM WAGE BOARD ORDER ESTABLISHING A BASIC
FORTY-EIGHT HOUR WEEK FOR WOMEN.
One State, Minnesota, has established a basic 48-hour ·week for all women
Workers in the State. Since this standard was esta.li>lished by the minimum
Wage board, it . is primarily a means of increasing wages, but the ordering of
::x:tra compensation for all hours worked above a fixed number has been used
in other States as a method of reducing_ the hours actually worked.
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THE EIGHT -HOUR DAY IN
6
FOR
LAW S ESTA BLIS HING A BASIC EIGH T-HO UR DAY1
NS.
PATIO
OCCU
IFIED
SPEC
ALL WORKERS IN
ALL OCCU PATIO NS·.
York, a nd Pennsy lFive States -Califo rnia, Connec ticut, Missou ri, New
day's work ~ less
a
ute
C'Onstit
shall
hours
vania- have laws stating that 8
one day is to be paid
any
in
hours
8
above
work
gh
Althou
agreed.
ise
otherw
rates of time and a half
extra compen sation, it is not penaliz ed · by requiri n g
more definite law that
far
a
has
ment
Govern
l
Federa
The
time.
double
or
United States shall be
the
for
ts
contrac
on
ed
provide s that persons employ
with time and a half
paid on the basis of 8 hours constit uting a day's work,
e.
for overtim
SPECI FIED OCCU PATIO NS.
Wisco nsin-an d the
Five other States- Illinois , Indiana , Montan a, Ohio, and
be a day's work
shall
hours
8
at
F'edera l Govern ment have lavvs providi ng th
only manual
cover
a
Indian
and
Illinois
tions.
occupa
of
r
in a limited numbe
cturing , memanufa
in
work
Ohio,
ys;
la bor; Montan a, labor on public highwa
or mechan ical
cturing
manufa
in
work
sin,
Wiscon
s;
busines
mining
chanica l, or
bu siness; United States, letter carrier s.
eight
Sumr nary. -These laws show legisla tive recogn ition of
limit
to
aim
hours as a fair maxim um day's work. They do not
nor,
ous,
strictl y hours in indust ries usuall y recogn ized as hazard
and
hours
limit
'with the except ion of Monta na, do they attem pt to
laws
State
the
wages of State ·emplo yees. On the contra ry, all
or underexpres sly provid e that the act is not to preven t contra cts
Morework.
day's
a
standi ngs that a longer period shall consti tute
as a
day
hour
eightthe
over, se-vera l of the laws merely state
viofor
ies
penalt
nor
princi ple, ·provi ding no means of enforc ement
;
labor
tic
domes
and
ltural
lations. Some of the States exc~pt agricu
.
of
ion
except
the
With
.
month
others , servic es paid by the week or
,
section
this
of
raph
parag
first
the Feder al statute referr ed to in the
worki ng
these · acts would · appea r to have no real effect on actual
hours or even wages.
ALL
LAWS ESTA BLISH ING AN 8-HOUR DAY FOR
1
NS.
PATIO
OCCU
WORKERS IN SPEC IFIED
to eight in
The larges t group of laws limiti ng the hours of work
for the
ctly
indire
or
ly
direct
any one day cover work done either
State.
C WORKS.
WORK ON PUBLI
, Kentuc ky, MaryTwenty -one States- Califo rnia, Idaho, Indiana , Kansas
, Ohio, Oklaho ma,
Mexico
New
ersey,
J
New
,
land/ Missou ri, Montan a, Nevada
Virgini a, ·wiscon sin, and
West
gton,
Washin
Utah,
Texas,
lvania,
Pennsy
,
Oregon
1
x.
For referenc es and brief stateme nt of laws see appendi
z Applies only to tbe city of Baltimo re.
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FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATION.
7
Wyoming; three '.rerritories-Alaska, Hawaii, and Porto Rico-and the Federal
Government have laws definitely limiting the hours of labor on p,ublic works
to eight in any one day. In addition to this, one State-Ohio-limits the weekly ·
hours to 48, and one Territory-Hawaii-limits the hours of labor on Saturday
to five.
MANUAL LABOR ON WORK DONE FOR THE STATE.
'.rwelve States-Arizona, Colorado; Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts,
Minnes9ta, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Wyoming, · and Wisconsin-and
the Territory of Porto Rico and the Federal Government limit the hours of
labor for all ma!nual workers employed on State work to eight hours in a ny one
day. Moreover, two of these States-Colorado and Massachusetts-limit the
weekly hot-irs of such labor to 48.
·
•
WORK DONE ON CONTRACTS TO FURNISH THE STATE WITH
MATERIAL.
Eleven States-Colorado, Kansas, Maryland, Montana, New Jersey, New
Mexico, Idaho, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, and ·wasbington-and the Federal
Government have laws providing that all persons working on contracts for
rnaterial for the State shall be allow.ed to work only eight hours in any one day.
Oregon also limits the weekly hours to 48.
WORK DONE FOR THE STATE.
Eighteen States-Arizona, Idaho, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon,
Texas, Utah, Washington, ,vest Virginia, and \Visconsin-and two TerritoriesHawaii and Porto Rico-have laws limiting the daily hours of labor to eight
in any one day, so broad in scope as to _seem to cover all .~ tate employees. In
six of these States-Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and
Utah-this provision forms part of the constitution of the State. In Hawaii
the hours of labor are limited further by providing for a 5-hour day on Saturday.
WORK DONE ,IN STATE INSTITUTIONS.
Four States-Connecticut, Montana, Oklahoma, and Utah-have special statutes establishing an 8-hour day for various classes of employees of State institutions. These laws show great diversity in the classes included. Utah, for
example, covers all employees of penal institutions; the other three States
specify certain occupations such as firemen, janitors, etc., in all State . institutions. In two other States-Idaho and Oregon-where employees of institutions would seem to be covered by t}1e general law for State employees, they
are expressly excepted. Idaho excepts ag~icultural and domestic labor in
State institutions, and Oregon excepts "any employee of any State institution,"
and then excepts the penitentiary from this exception.
WORK DONE ON PUBLIC PRINTING.
One State, Massachusetts, and the Federal Government have laws limiting
~be hours of employment of all persons working on public printing to eight in
~ any one day.
In the case of Massachusetts this means that all contracts are
let with this provision in, the contract, and with the further stipulation that
four hours shall constitute a day's work on Saturday unless the supervisor of
State printing requires a full day of eight hours. '.rhe Federal law applies to
the Government Printing Office. It directs the Public Printer to "rigidly. ehfotce the eight-hour law" in all departments under his charge.
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THE EIGHT-HOUR DAY IN
Out ·ide of these acts regulating work done either directly or indirectly for the State, the largest group of eight-hour laws covers
certain occupations considered especially hazardous.
WORK IN MINES, TUNNELS, AND QUARRIES.
'l'hirteen States-Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah; ,Vashington, and Wyoming-and one 'l'erritory, Alaska, limit the hours of work in mines, quarries, etc., to eight in any one
day. The actual statutes differ very greatly. The Kansas law covers only lead
and zinc mines; at the other extreme, the Arizona law specifies "all persons eJJl·
ployed, occupied, or engaged in work or labor of any kind or nature, in underground mines,. undergro.und workings, open-cut workings, or open-pit workings,
in search for or in the extraction of minerals whether base or precious, or
who are engaged in such underground mines, underground workings, open-cut
working ·, or open-pit workings, for other purposes or who are employed, engaged, or occupied in other unclerground workings of any kind or nature, opencut workhigs or open-pit workings, for the purpose of tunneling, making excavations, or to accomplish any other purpose or design."
·
WORK IN SMELTERS.
Nine States-Arizo:na, California, Coloraclo, Idaho, Missouri, Montana, Nevada,
Utah, Wyoming-and one Tel'l'itory, Alaska, have considered the work of refining and smelting o{ metals particularly hazardous and have limited the hours
of labor in all s uch establishments to eight in any one day.
WORK IN ELECTRIC-POWER PLANTS.
Arizona for the same reason has limited the hours of labor for all employees
in electric-power plants to eight in any one day.
WORK IN PLASTER AND CEMENT MILLS.
Nevada and Arizona treat work in , plaster and cement mills as among those
occupations having special hazards, and limit the working day of all employees
of such mills to eight hours.
ST AMP MILLS.
Four States-Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, and Wyoming--and one Territo•rY,
Alaska, have considered the work in stamp mills so hazardous that they huve
limited such work to eight hours ppr d~y.
ROLLING MILLS.
I
Arizona and the Territory of AlaRka have limited the \Yorking day of all
employees in the rolling mills to eight hours.
ROD MILLS.
Arizona limits the hours of labor in rod mills to eight per day.
WORK DONE UNDER HIGH PRESSURE.
Three States-New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania-have limited the
hours that a man may work under high pressure to eight per day.
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FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATI ON.
PLATE-GL ASS WORKS.
Mi souri has limited the hours of those working in plate-glass works to
eight per day.
COKE OVENS.
1'wo ... tates, Arizona and Colorado, and on Territory, Ala ka, limit th
hour of all workers in coke oYens to eight in on uay.
BLAST FUR ACES.
Two States, Arizona and
furnace to eight p r day.
'olorado, also limit the hours of labor in bla t
till another group of laws covers employees on whose alert attention to duty depend the lives and safety of many others.
RAILROA D TELEGRA PHERS, ETC.
EiO'llt . tates-Arka n a , onnecticut, N \'ada, Maryland, ew York, Texa ,
Vi'est Virginia, and Wi. consin-in recognition of this responsibili ty, have
limit d the hours of railroad employees controlling th movement of trains to
eight in any one day.
HOISTING ENGINEE RS.
Thr e tates-Arizo na, Montana, and Pennsylvan ia- llave considered the
1lu tie of hoisting engineers at mines as particularly arduou and have proYided that they may not work more than eight hours in any one day.
WORI{ ON IRRIGATI ON SERVICE.
l\Iontana and the Federal GoYernnwn t limit the hour of labor for all per:ons
<:!mployed on irrigation works to eight in any one day.
In recognitio n of the strain of their dutie letter carriers have
been e pecially recognize d in Federal hour regulation .
LETTER CARRIERS .
The Federal Governmen t has pass d a special act limiting the hour to eight
in any one day. A 56-hour we k is permitted if the mploy e i allowed an
amount of time off ome day of the follo"ving week; the amount of time off
to exactly correspond with the number of hour8 worked on the ~eventh day.
Only one law in the United tate. e tablishes the eight-hou r day
for all wage and salary earners.
ALL WAGE EARNERS .
1'he Territory of Alaska hn been the first political division of the United
States to pa s an all-inclusiv e eight-hour law. This law, which provide an
eight-hour day for all wage and alary earn rs, wa ubmitt d to the electorate
anu pa sed. An Alaskan court, howeyer, ha~ declared it to be uncon titutional.
o te t ca e has a y t reach d the United tat Supr me Court.
Summary .-These laws do establi h a wm·king day definitely
limited to eight hours. They recognize not only that a per on should
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10
EIGHT-H OUR DAY IN FEDERA L AND STATE LEGISLA TION.
be paid extra compen sation for workin g over eight hours in any one
day but that the workin g day should stop with the comple tion of
eight hours' labor. In many cases this recogni tion seems to be based
on the feeling tha.t the occupat ion so regulat ed is dangero us or
weariso me abo rn the ordinar y. In the acts, limiting the hours for
persons workin g for the Govern ment and on Govern ment contrac ts,
howeve r, there seems to be a definite recogni tion .of the maximu m ·
eight-h our da y as the long~st justifiab le period of any labor and of
the obligati on of the. Govern ment when em.ploying labor to conform
to a fair standar d. In actual context the laws are extreme ly loosely
drawn; exceptio ns are many, and ambigu ities frequen t . . The most
common exceptio n is one providi ng for overtim e in case of emergency.
Emerge ncy is vari_o usly defined, but in general include s any danger
to life or propert y. Anothe r common excepti on allows overtim e in
time of war. Pract1cally every State has specified these exceptio ns in
one or more of the occupat ions covered by their laws. These ..laws,
howeve r, are in advance on the basic eight-h our-day laws in that
with practica l unanim ity they provide penaltie s for nonobse rvance.
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APPENDIX.
STATES HAVING EIGHT-HOUR LAWS FOR ALL WORKERS
IN CERTAIN SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.
The Federal Government and 32 States and Territories have laws
limiting the hours of labor to eight in one day for all workers in
certain occupations. (These laws cover two main groups, (1) public
employment, such as work on public works or work done for the
State, and (2) pr_ivate employment, such as work in mines, smelters,
quarries, or on contracts to furnish the State with material.)
1. Federal Government.
a. Basic 8-hom~ day for letter carriers and for work done on contracts to
furnish the Government with material.
b. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows :
(1) Work ·on public works.
Manual labor on work done for the Government.
Public printing.
Irrigation service.
Letter carriers.
(2) Work done .on contracts to furnish tbe Government with material.
Railroad employees in interstate commerce.
'
2. Alaska.
a. Actual 8-hour day for all wage earners. (Declared unconstitutional by
an Alaskan court, not yet passed on by the Supreme Court of the
United States.)
b. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows:
(1) Work on public works.
(2) Mines, tunnels, quarries, smelters, stamp mills, rolling mills, coke
ovens.
3. Arizona.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupa'tions, as follows:
(1) Work done for the State.
(2) Mines, tunnels, ,gnarries, smelters, electric power plants, plaster
and cement mills, hoisting engineers in mines, stamp mills,
rolling mills, coke ovens, blast furnaces.
4. Arkansas.
a. Actual 8-hour day in · specified occupations, as follows:
(2) Railroad telegraphers and signalmen.
5. Califoraia.
a. Basic 8-bour day in all occupations.
b. Actual 8-hour day in syecified occupations, as follows:
(1) Work on public works.
(2) Mines, tunnels, quarries, smelters.
6. Colorado.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations. as follows:
(1) Manual labor on work done for the State.
(2) Work done on contracts to furnish the State with material.
Mines, tunnels, quarries, smelters, stamp mills, coke ovens,
blast furnaces.
11
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•
THE EIGHT -HOUR DAY IN
7. Connecticut.
a. Basic 8-hour day in all occupations.
b. Actual -hour day in specified occupations, as follows :
(1) Work done in State institutions .
(2) Railroad telegraphers and signa lmen.
8. Hawaii.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows :
(1) Work done on public ,-.,-orks.
Work done for the State.
9. Idaho.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows:
(1) Work on public works.
Work done fo r the State.
(2) Vilork -done on contr acts to furnish th e State with material.
Mines, tunnels, qua rries, smelters, stamp mills.
10. Illinois.
a. Basic 8-hour day for manual labor ers.
11. Indiana.
a. Bask 8-llour day for manu al laborers.
b. Actual 8-hont· day in specified occupations, as follows:
·
(1) Work on public works.
12. Kansas.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows:
(1) Work on puolic work~.
Work done for the State.
(2) Work clone on contrac ts to fnrnish the State with material. Mines,
tunnels, quarries.
13. Kentucky.
a. Actual 8-hou r day in specified occupations, as follows:
(1) Wor}r on public works.
Manual labor on work done fo r the State.
14. Maryland.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specifi ed occupations, a s follows :
(1) Work done on public works.
(2) Work done on contracts to furnish the State with material.
Railroad telegrap hers and signalmen.
15. Massachusetts.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows:
(1) Work done for the State.
Public printing.
16. Minnesota.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupatiops, as follows:
(1) Work done for the State.
17. Missouri.
a. Basic 8-hour day in all occupations.
b. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupatipns, as follows:
(1) Work on public works.
Work done for the State.
(2) Mines, tunnels, quarries, smelters, plate-glass works.
18. Montana.
a. Basic 8-hour day for laborers on public highways.
b. Actual 8-liour day in specified occupations, as follows:
(1) Work on public works.
Work <lone for the State.
Work done in State institutions.
(2) Work done on contracts to 1'llrnish the State with material.
Mines, tunuels. quarries, smeltel's, hoisting engineers in mines,
irrigation serv ice.
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FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATION.
13
19. Nevada.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupation ~, ,s follows :
( 1) \Vork on public vrnrks.
(2) Mines, tunnels, quarries, smelters, plaster and cement mills,
railroa(l telegraphers and signalmen.
20. New Jersey.
a . Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as fo llows :
(1) Work on public works.
Work clone for the State.
(2) ·work done on contracts t o furnish t-lie Stn.te with mnterial.
·w ork done under high nir pressure.
21. New Mexico.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows :
(1) Work on public works.
Work' c1one for the State.
(2) Work done on contracts to furnish the State with material.
22. New York.
a. Basic 8-hour day in all occupations.
b. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as foll ov,:s :
(l) Work done fo r the State.
(2) Railroad telegraphers and signallm~n. Work done unrle1· hi gh air
pressure.
23. Ohio.
a. Basic 8-hour da:v in manufacturing, meclrnnical. or mining bm;iness.
b. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows :
(1) Work on public works.
Work done for the State.
24. Oklahoma.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupation:, as fo1lows :
(1) Work on public \,VOl'k S.
\Nork done for the State.
Work done in State institutions.
(2) Work done on contracts t o fumish the State with material.
Mines, tunnels, quarries.
25. Oregon.
a. "-ctual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows:
(1) Work on public works.
Work done for the State.
(2) Work done on contracts to furnish t1;1e State with material.
Mines, tunnels, quarries.
26. P ennsylvania.
a. Basic 8-hour day in all occupations.
b. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows :
(1) \Vo rk on rmblic works.
Manual labor on work done for the State.
(2) Hoisting engineers in mines. Work done under high air
pres. ure.
27. Porto Rico.
a. Actual 8-bour day in specified occupations, as follows :
(1) Work on public works.
Work done for the State.
28. Texas.
a. Actual 8-hour day in specified occupations, as follows :
(1) Work on public works.
.
Work done for the State.
(2) Work done on contracts to furni sh the State with material. Railroad telegraphers and s ignalmen.
29. Utah.
a. Actual 8-bour day in specified occupations, as follows :
(1) Work on public works.
Work done for the Stat e.
Wor k done in State institut ions.
(2) Mines, t unnels, quarries, smelters.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
14
EJGIIT-HOUR DAY IN FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATION.
30. Washington.
u. Actual -hour day n specified occupations, as follows :
(1) \Vork on pub ic works.
·w ork <lone for the State.
(2) Work clone on contracts to furnish the State with material,
Mine.s, tunnels, quaries.
31. West Virginia.
a. Actual 8-l1onr day in specified occupations, as follows:
(1) Work on public work.·.
Work done for the State.
(2) Railroad telegrapher anrl signalmen.
32. Wisconsin.
a. Basic 8-hour clay in rnanufactul'ing or mecbnnical business.
b. Actual 8-bour day in specified occupations, as follows;
(1) Work on public work:;.
Work done for the State.
(2) Railroad teleo-rapbers and signalmen.
33. Wyoming.
a . • c:tui:Jl -hour clay in .·pedfied oc ·upntioH:--, as follows :
(1) Work on public works.
Manual labor on work done for the State.
(2) Mines, tunnel ~, quarrie , smelt rs, stamp mills.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
0
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