Full text of Economic Indicators : September 2020
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116th Congress, 2nd Session Economic Indicators SEPTEMBER 2020 (Includes data available as of October 6, 2020) Prepared for the Joint Economic Committee by the Council of Economic Advisers UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2020 JOINT ECONOMIC COMMITTEE (Created pursuant to Sec. 5(a) of Public Law 304, 79th Cong.) Senator Mike Lee, Utah, Chairman Representative Donald S. Beyer, Jr., Virginia, Vice Chair Senate House of Representatives Tom Cotton, Arkansas Rob Portman, Ohio Bill Cassidy, M.D., Louisiana Ted Cruz, Texas Kelly Loeffler, Georgia Martin Heinrich, New Mexico Amy Klobuchar, Minnesota Gary C. Peters, Michigan Margaret Wood Hassan, New Hampshire Carolyn B. Maloney, New York Denny Heck, Washington David Trone, Maryland Joyce Beatty, Ohio Lois Frankel, Florida David Schweikert, Arizona Darin LaHood, Illinois Kenny Marchant, Texas Jaime Herrera Beutler, Washington Vanessa Brown Calder, Executive Director COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS Tyler B. Goodspeed, Acting Chairman [Public Law 120—81st Congress; Chapter 237—1st Session] JOINT RESOLUTION [S.J. R es. 55] To print the monthly publication entitled “Economic Indicators” Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Joint Economic Committee be authorized to issue a monthly publication entitled “Economic Indicators,” and that a sufficient quantity be printed to furnish one copy to each Member of Congress; the Secretary and the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate; the Clerk, Sergeant at Arms, and Doorkeeper of the House of Representatives; two copies to the libraries of the Senate and House, and the Congressional Library; seven hundred copies to the Joint Economic Committee; and the required numbers of copies to the Superintendent of Documents for distribution to depository libraries; and that the Superintendent of Documents be authorized to have copies printed for sale to the public. Approved June 23, 1949. Charts prepared under the direction of the Mail and Multimedia Division, Office of the Secretary, Department of Commerce. Monthly issues of Economic Indicators in PDF form, and tables in Excel, are available online at: www.gpo.gov/economicindicators To subscribe to the print edition, $58.00 per year ($81.20 outside the United States), contact the U.S. Government Publishing Office at 202-512-1800, www.gpo.gov/economicindicators, or: SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE MAIL STOP: IDCC WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9328 ii TOTAL OUTPUT, INCOME, AND SPENDING Gross Domestic Product In the second quarter of 2020, according to revised estimates, real gross domestic product (GDP) in chained (2012) dollars fell 31.4 percent (annual rate), current dollar GDP fell 32.8 percent, and the chained price index fell 1.8 percent. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS (RATIO SCALE) BILLIONS OF DOLLARS (RATIO SCALE) 22,000 21,600 22,000 21,600 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED ANNUAL RATES 21,200 21,200 20,800 20,800 20,400 20,400 20,000 20,000 19,600 19,600 19,200 19,200 GDP IN CURRENT DOLLARS 18,800 18,800 18,400 18,400 18,000 18,000 17,600 17,600 17,200 17,200 GDP IN CHAINED (2012) DOLLARS 16,800 16,800 16,400 16,400 16,000 16,000 15,600 15,600 15,200 15,200 14,800 14,800 14,400 14,400 14,000 14,000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 2019 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Billions of current dollars; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2018: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2019: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2020: I ���������������� II r ������������� Gross domestic product 14,992.1 15,542.6 16,197.0 16,784.9 17,527.3 18,238.3 18,745.1 19,543.0 20,611.9 21,433.2 20,242.2 20,552.7 20,742.7 20,909.9 21,115.3 21,329.9 21,540.3 21,747.4 21,561.1 19,520.1 Personal consumption expenditures Gross private domestic investment 10,185.8 10,641.1 11,006.8 11,317.2 11,822.8 12,297.5 12,770.0 13,340.4 13,993.3 14,544.6 13,755.5 13,939.9 14,086.3 14,191.4 14,276.6 14,497.3 14,645.3 14,759.2 14,545.5 13,097.3 2,165.5 2,332.6 2,621.8 2,826.0 3,044.2 3,237.2 3,188.3 3,351.1 3,632.9 3,751.2 3,555.0 3,580.9 3,671.7 3,723.9 3,772.8 3,739.7 3,759.8 3,732.6 3,675.9 3,128.6 Exports and imports of goods and services Net exports –513.9 –579.5 –568.6 –490.8 –507.7 –526.6 –512.5 –555.5 –609.5 –610.5 –589.8 –548.1 –646.4 –653.4 –615.5 –644.7 –631.8 –549.8 –494.3 –545.2 Federal Exports 1,846.3 2,103.0 2,191.3 2,273.4 2,371.7 2,265.9 2,227.2 2,374.6 2,528.7 2,514.8 2,507.2 2,550.3 2,523.9 2,533.4 2,523.5 2,514.6 2,505.2 2,515.7 2,438.7 1,788.2 Imports 2,360.2 2,682.5 2,759.9 2,764.2 2,879.4 2,792.4 2,739.7 2,930.1 3,138.2 3,125.2 3,097.0 3,098.4 3,170.3 3,186.9 3,139.0 3,159.4 3,137.1 3,065.4 2,933.0 2,333.3 Chart 1 - Sep 2020 Government consumption expenditures and gross investment Total 3,154.6 3,148.4 3,137.0 3,132.4 3,168.0 3,230.2 3,299.3 3,407.0 3,595.2 3,747.9 3,521.5 3,580.0 3,631.2 3,648.0 3,681.5 3,737.6 3,767.1 3,805.3 3,834.1 3,839.3 Total 1,297.9 1,298.9 1,286.5 1,226.6 1,215.0 1,220.8 1,234.7 1,263.9 1,339.4 1,419.2 1,308.1 1,329.3 1,352.0 1,368.4 1,388.8 1,410.6 1,429.3 1,447.9 1,452.6 1,504.8 National defense Nondefense 828.0 834.0 814.2 764.2 743.4 729.7 728.7 747.2 794.3 852.4 770.2 786.8 802.0 818.4 833.0 844.3 857.7 874.7 873.8 876.5 469.9 465.0 472.4 462.4 471.6 491.0 506.0 516.6 545.1 566.7 537.9 542.5 550.1 550.0 555.8 566.4 571.6 573.3 578.8 628.3 State and local 1,856.7 1,849.4 1,850.5 1,905.8 1,953.0 2,009.4 2,064.6 2,143.2 2,255.7 2,328.7 2,213.4 2,250.7 2,279.1 2,279.6 2,292.7 2,327.0 2,337.8 2,357.4 2,381.6 2,334.5 Final Addendum: Gross sales of Gross domestic domestic purchases national 1 product product 14,938.1 15,496.3 16,125.8 16,680.3 17,443.3 18,101.5 18,716.7 19,526.7 20,554.1 21,384.1 20,197.7 20,541.9 20,664.4 20,812.5 21,016.7 21,276.8 21,499.0 21,744.0 21,613.3 19,818.5 15,506.0 16,122.0 16,765.6 17,275.6 18,034.9 18,764.9 19,257.6 20,098.5 21,221.3 22,043.7 20,832.0 21,100.8 21,389.2 21,563.3 21,730.9 21,974.6 22,172.2 22,297.2 22,055.4 20,065.3 15,187.8 15,779.0 16,429.3 17,015.6 17,768.3 18,458.7 18,977.1 19,835.3 20,896.6 21,702.9 20,556.8 20,844.2 21,002.7 21,182.6 21,361.8 21,601.0 21,820.1 22,028.5 21,804.3 19,672.0 1 GDP less exports of goods and services plus imports of goods and services. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). 1 Real Gross Domestic Product [Billions of chained (2012) dollars; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2018: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2019: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2020: I ��������������� II r ������������� Gross private domestic investment Personal Gross conChange domestic sumption Nonresi- Resiin product expendi- dential dential fixed fixed private tures investinvestinvenment ment tories 15,598.8 15,840.7 16,197.0 16,495.4 16,912.0 17,432.2 17,730.5 18,144.1 18,687.8 19,091.7 18,530.5 18,654.4 18,752.4 18,813.9 18,950.3 19,020.6 19,141.7 19,254.0 19,010.8 17,302.5 10,643.0 10,843.8 11,006.8 11,166.9 11,497.4 11,934.3 12,264.6 12,587.2 12,928.1 13,240.2 12,798.1 12,898.1 12,983.0 13,033.4 13,093.2 13,212.8 13,301.3 13,353.7 13,118.4 11,860.3 1,781.0 1,935.4 2,118.5 2,206.0 2,365.3 2,420.3 2,433.0 2,524.2 2,698.9 2,776.8 2,651.5 2,691.9 2,709.5 2,742.6 2,770.8 2,771.0 2,783.9 2,781.5 2,733.8 2,525.5 383.0 382.5 432.0 485.5 504.1 555.4 592.1 615.7 612.0 601.5 620.3 617.6 609.1 601.0 598.4 595.2 601.9 610.5 637.6 571.3 57.3 46.7 71.2 108.7 86.3 137.6 24.5 15.8 53.4 48.5 47.3 –4.9 79.1 92.3 101.7 49.4 44.0 –1.1 –80.9 –287.0 Exports and imports of goods and services Government consumption expenditures and gross investment Federal Net exports Exports Imports Total –565.9 –568.1 –568.6 –532.8 –577.2 –719.5 –763.6 –816.8 –877.7 –917.6 –833.0 –820.2 –920.3 –937.3 –907.4 –951.4 –950.2 –861.5 –788.0 –775.1 1,977.9 2,119.0 2,191.3 2,269.6 2,365.3 2,375.2 2,382.3 2,475.5 2,549.5 2,546.6 2,553.2 2,565.2 2,531.0 2,548.8 2,560.4 2,531.4 2,536.6 2,557.8 2,495.1 1,927.4 2,543.8 2,687.1 2,759.9 2,802.4 2,942.5 3,094.8 3,145.9 3,292.4 3,427.2 3,464.2 3,386.1 3,385.4 3,451.3 3,486.0 3,467.8 3,482.9 3,486.8 3,419.3 3,283.1 2,702.5 3,307.2 3,203.3 3,137.0 3,061.0 3,033.4 3,088.2 3,144.4 3,172.3 3,229.8 3,303.9 3,204.3 3,227.3 3,247.4 3,240.2 3,260.0 3,300.3 3,317.7 3,337.5 3,347.9 3,368.7 National Nondefense defense Total 1,346.1 1,311.1 1,286.5 1,215.3 1,183.8 1,183.8 1,190.5 1,194.1 1,227.8 1,277.2 1,211.7 1,222.3 1,235.8 1,241.6 1,245.8 1,273.6 1,288.5 1,301.1 1,306.1 1,356.8 861.3 842.9 814.2 759.6 728.4 713.1 709.6 715.4 739.1 780.2 723.8 733.9 743.5 755.1 765.5 773.7 784.4 797.1 796.5 804.0 484.8 468.3 472.4 455.6 455.2 470.2 480.4 478.2 488.4 497.1 487.3 488.0 491.9 486.4 480.5 499.7 504.0 504.1 509.6 551.9 AddenFinal Gross dum: sales of domestic Gross domestic purchases 1 national product product State and local 1,961.3 1,892.2 1,850.5 1,845.3 1,848.6 1,902.9 1,952.0 1,976.2 2,000.2 2,025.5 1,990.7 2,003.0 2,009.9 1,997.1 2,012.7 2,025.5 2,028.3 2,035.6 2,041.0 2,013.1 15,546.6 15,796.5 16,125.8 16,386.2 16,822.3 17,290.1 17,686.9 18,107.2 18,613.8 19,021.1 18,463.4 18,630.7 18,655.1 18,705.9 18,833.1 18,949.6 19,075.2 19,226.6 19,049.0 17,540.5 16,164.7 16,408.8 16,765.6 17,028.6 17,487.7 18,141.1 18,480.6 18,939.0 19,537.1 19,981.0 19,339.5 19,453.6 19,640.0 19,715.2 19,827.8 19,937.4 20,059.1 20,099.6 19,797.8 18,087.5 15,803.9 16,081.7 16,429.3 16,722.3 17,146.5 17,647.6 17,955.4 18,421.0 18,951.9 19,338.4 18,823.9 18,925.0 18,993.2 19,065.5 19,177.9 19,269.0 19,397.0 19,509.6 19,232.1 17,442.9 1 GDP less exports of goods and services plus imports of goods and services. Note: Because of the formula used for calculating real GDP, the chained (2012) dollar estimates for the detailed components do not add to the chained-dollar value of GDP or to any intermediate aggregates. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). Chained Price Indexes For Gross Domestic Product [Index numbers, 2012=100; quarterly data are seasonally adjusted] Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2018: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2019: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2020: I ���������������� II r ������������� Gross domestic product 96.109 98.112 100.000 101.773 103.647 104.639 105.736 107.751 110.322 112.318 109.292 110.165 110.671 111.159 111.497 112.181 112.602 112.989 113.380 112.860 Personal consumption expenditures Total 95.705 98.131 100.000 101.346 102.830 103.043 104.121 105.984 108.239 109.851 107.485 108.081 108.501 108.889 109.042 109.726 110.108 110.529 110.882 110.435 Goods Services 95.183 98.773 100.000 99.407 98.920 95.896 94.325 94.597 95.244 94.785 95.232 95.419 95.317 95.009 94.571 94.985 94.766 94.817 94.599 93.248 Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). 2 Gross private domestic investment 95.957 97.814 100.000 102.316 104.804 106.694 109.160 111.868 114.991 117.744 113.832 114.650 115.356 116.125 116.605 117.436 118.154 118.781 119.456 119.560 Nonresidential fixed 97.416 98.559 100.000 100.251 101.469 101.909 101.131 101.994 102.882 104.256 102.442 102.754 103.073 103.257 103.885 104.341 104.457 104.342 104.589 104.800 Residential fixed 98.317 99.049 100.000 105.054 111.118 114.114 118.134 123.497 130.470 134.182 128.032 130.203 131.433 132.212 132.981 133.615 134.663 135.468 136.256 136.583 Exports and imports of goods and services Government consumption expenditures and gross investment Federal Exports 93.348 99.242 100.000 100.168 100.272 95.395 93.490 95.921 99.183 98.751 98.203 99.416 99.718 99.394 98.554 99.335 98.763 98.350 97.739 92.774 Imports 92.783 99.826 100.000 98.636 97.854 90.001 86.867 88.771 91.334 89.986 91.232 91.292 91.626 91.186 90.291 90.485 89.745 89.426 89.113 86.125 Total 96.421 99.070 100.000 100.931 102.632 103.128 103.711 105.843 109.089 111.110 107.962 108.763 109.413 110.218 111.479 110.761 110.921 111.281 111.205 110.901 National defense 96.128 98.946 100.000 100.609 102.056 102.334 102.696 104.449 107.477 109.256 106.419 107.222 107.874 108.394 108.822 109.118 109.345 109.741 109.701 109.014 Nondefense 96.942 99.289 100.000 101.478 103.593 104.428 105.342 108.040 111.619 114.014 110.386 111.184 111.832 113.073 115.643 113.332 113.390 113.691 113.561 113.834 State and local 94.669 97.739 100.000 103.279 105.645 105.598 105.770 108.450 112.775 114.969 111.190 112.365 113.398 114.148 113.914 114.890 115.262 115.811 116.688 115.969 Gross Domestic Product and Related Price Measures: Indexes and Percent Changes [Quarterly data are seasonally adjusted] Percent change from preceding period 1 Index numbers, 2012=100 Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) Gross domestic product (GDP) Period 2010 ���������������������� 2011 ���������������������� 2012 ���������������������� 2013 ���������������������� 2014 ���������������������� 2015 ���������������������� 2016 ���������������������� 2017 ���������������������� 2018 ���������������������� 2019 ���������������������� 2018: I ����������������� II ����������������� III ���������������� IV ���������������� 2019: I ����������������� II ����������������� III ���������������� IV ���������������� 2020: I ����������������� II r ��������������� Real GDP GDP (chain-type chain-type quantity price index) index 96.306 97.800 100.000 101.842 104.415 107.626 109.468 112.021 115.378 117.872 114.407 115.172 115.777 116.157 116.999 117.433 118.181 118.874 117.373 106.825 GDP implicit price deflator 96.109 98.112 100.000 101.773 103.647 104.639 105.736 107.751 110.322 112.318 109.292 110.165 110.671 111.159 111.497 112.181 112.602 112.989 113.380 112.860 PCE PCE less food (chain-type and price index) priceenergy index 96.111 98.118 100.000 101.755 103.638 104.624 105.722 107.710 110.296 112.265 109.237 110.176 110.614 111.140 111.424 112.141 112.531 112.950 113.415 112.817 95.705 98.131 100.000 101.346 102.830 103.043 104.121 105.984 108.239 109.851 107.485 108.081 108.501 108.889 109.042 109.726 110.108 110.529 110.882 110.435 96.608 98.139 100.000 101.526 103.122 104.404 106.102 107.855 110.005 111.875 109.212 109.834 110.232 110.743 111.074 111.666 112.192 112.568 113.027 112.809 Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) Gross domestic product (GDP) Gross domestic purchases price index 95.923 98.246 100.000 101.468 103.138 103.411 104.175 106.119 108.602 110.329 107.727 108.414 108.918 109.348 109.623 110.211 110.557 110.925 111.324 110.930 GDP (current dollars) 3.8 3.7 4.2 3.6 4.4 4.1 2.8 4.3 5.5 4.0 6.2 6.3 3.8 3.3 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 –3.4 –32.8 Real GDP GDP (chain-type chain-type quantity price index) index 2.6 1.6 2.2 1.8 2.5 3.1 1.7 2.3 3.0 2.2 3.8 2.7 2.1 1.3 2.9 1.5 2.6 2.4 –5.0 –31.4 GDP implicit price deflator 1.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.4 1.8 2.4 3.2 1.8 1.8 1.2 2.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 –1.8 Gross domestic PCE purchases PCE food price index (chain-type lessenergy price index) and price index 1.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.9 2.4 1.8 2.4 3.5 1.6 1.9 1.0 2.6 1.4 1.5 1.7 –2.1 1.7 2.5 1.9 1.3 1.5 .2 1.0 1.8 2.1 1.5 2.7 2.2 1.6 1.4 .6 2.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 –1.6 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.4 2.3 1.5 1.9 1.2 2.1 1.9 1.3 1.6 –.8 1.4 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.6 .3 .7 1.9 2.3 1.6 2.9 2.6 1.9 1.6 1.0 2.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 –1.4 1 Quarterly percent changes are at annual rates. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). Nonfinancial Corporate Business— Gross Value Added and Price, Costs, and Profits [Quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Period Current dollars 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2018: I ���������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2019: I ���������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2020: I ���������������� II r ������������� Price per unit of real gross value added of nonfinancial corporate business (dollars) 1, 2 Gross value added of nonfinancial corporate business (billions of dollars) 1 7,243.5 7,615.7 8,059.5 8,374.5 8,787.3 9,129.2 9,222.7 9,635.8 10,100.8 10,458.2 9,958.5 10,042.2 10,174.9 10,227.5 10,345.5 10,434.8 10,473.3 10,579.3 10,487.3 9,150.8 Chained (2012) dollars 7,568.4 7,774.4 8,059.5 8,261.9 8,524.0 8,776.5 8,796.6 9,026.1 9,260.6 9,405.1 9,214.6 9,219.0 9,302.2 9,305.8 9,373.4 9,397.8 9,394.4 9,454.3 9,358.0 8,255.4 Total 0.957 .980 1.000 1.014 1.031 1.040 1.048 1.068 1.091 1.112 1.081 1.089 1.094 1.099 1.104 1.110 1.115 1.119 1.121 1.108 Compensation of employees (unit labor cost) 0.551 .562 .572 .577 .590 .603 .617 .632 .650 .670 .646 .650 .651 .653 .668 .669 .670 .672 .685 .722 Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments 4 Unit nonlabor cost Total 0.279 .283 .285 .289 .292 .294 .297 .303 .300 .306 .300 .300 .299 .300 .303 .304 .309 .307 .315 .267 Consumption of fixed capital Net interest Taxes on and production miscellaneous and imports 3 payments 0.148 .150 .153 .155 .158 .160 .162 .165 .168 .174 .166 .168 .168 .170 .172 .174 .176 .176 .180 .206 0.094 .097 .096 .100 .099 .099 .097 .101 .103 .105 .103 .103 .103 .104 .105 .104 .107 .105 .109 .031 0.037 .036 .036 .034 .034 .035 .037 .037 .028 .026 .031 .029 .027 .026 .026 .026 .026 .026 .026 .030 Total 0.127 .134 .143 .148 .149 .143 .134 .133 .141 .136 .135 .140 .145 .145 .133 .138 .136 .140 .121 .119 Taxes on corporate income 0.027 .027 .030 .032 .034 .032 .030 .025 .021 .023 .020 .021 .022 .022 .023 .023 .021 .023 .020 .019 Profits after tax 5 0.100 .107 .112 .116 .115 .111 .104 .108 .120 .114 .115 .118 .122 .124 .110 .114 .115 .116 .101 .100 1 Estimates for nonfinancial corporate business are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2 The implicit price deflator for gross value added of nonfinancial corporate business divided by 100. 3 Less subsidies plus business current transfer payments. 4 Unit profits from current production. 5 With inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). 3 National Income [Billions of dollars; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Proprietors’ income 1 Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2018: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2019: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2020: I ���������������� II r ������������� ComNational pensation of income employees 12,736.8 13,361.3 14,093.1 14,491.3 15,239.9 15,784.6 16,082.7 16,853.9 17,689.6 18,269.1 17,429.5 17,576.2 17,820.5 17,932.0 18,032.7 18,214.0 18,301.8 18,527.8 18,405.5 16,081.9 7,924.9 8,225.9 8,566.7 8,834.2 9,249.1 9,699.4 9,963.9 10,422.5 10,950.1 11,432.4 10,776.1 10,882.3 11,034.1 11,107.8 11,335.3 11,391.7 11,438.0 11,564.8 11,674.4 10,880.3 Rental income of persons with capital conNonfarm sumption adjustment Farm 39.0 64.9 60.9 88.3 69.8 56.2 36.0 41.5 43.0 49.7 40.8 42.3 34.0 55.0 44.2 36.9 58.9 58.7 56.4 38.9 1,069.7 1,164.4 1,286.4 1,315.3 1,377.9 1,366.7 1,388.7 1,467.4 1,542.9 1,608.0 1,516.9 1,528.4 1,554.4 1,572.0 1,583.4 1,591.6 1,618.1 1,639.0 1,649.6 1,473.0 394.2 478.6 518.0 557.0 604.6 649.0 682.7 721.9 759.3 787.1 745.3 752.4 768.2 771.2 776.6 786.7 789.7 795.5 802.3 796.1 Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments Net interest and Capital miscelconsumption laneous Inventory adjust- payments valuation ment adjustment Taxes on production and imports Profits with inventory valuation adjustment and without capital consumption adjustment Total 1,728.7 1,809.8 1,997.4 2,010.7 2,120.2 2,060.5 2,023.7 2,114.5 2,243.0 2,250.5 2,206.0 2,225.3 2,258.1 2,282.5 2,181.2 2,263.2 2,246.5 2,311.3 2,035.0 1,826.1 Total Profits before tax 1,786.4 1,750.2 2,144.7 2,165.9 2,266.6 2,184.6 2,124.3 2,130.5 2,132.0 2,232.0 2,088.9 2,112.5 2,149.9 2,176.8 2,154.9 2,246.4 2,231.7 2,294.9 2,053.5 1,844.3 1,834.0 1,818.2 2,156.1 2,151.5 2,264.5 2,128.3 2,125.0 2,183.2 2,186.7 2,237.3 2,156.0 2,185.3 2,195.7 2,209.7 2,188.9 2,243.8 2,203.4 2,313.1 1,994.7 1,793.8 –47.6 –68.0 –11.4 14.4 2.1 56.3 –.7 –52.7 –54.7 –5.3 –67.1 –72.8 –45.9 –32.9 –34.0 2.6 28.4 –18.1 58.9 50.4 –57.7 59.6 –147.2 –155.2 –146.4 –124.1 –100.6 –16.0 111.0 18.5 117.1 112.9 108.2 105.7 26.3 16.8 14.7 16.3 –18.5 –18.1 465.2 461.7 503.7 465.9 516.1 585.8 577.3 636.4 619.1 573.4 640.0 628.0 613.0 595.3 564.4 572.3 571.0 586.0 588.9 619.3 Business Less: current Subsidies transfer payments 1,063.1 1,103.7 1,136.1 1,188.7 1,240.8 1,275.2 1,311.8 1,364.0 1,444.8 1,491.4 1,418.3 1,433.1 1,448.7 1,479.0 1,473.8 1,480.7 1,501.6 1,509.6 1,530.0 1,395.8 55.8 60.0 58.0 59.7 58.1 57.2 61.7 59.9 63.3 73.9 58.2 57.8 57.9 79.5 71.3 61.1 82.0 81.1 75.1 1,086.5 127.9 131.7 97.3 106.9 130.4 154.2 164.6 150.7 156.6 158.0 149.2 147.5 173.9 155.6 152.1 159.7 168.1 152.0 156.8 160.4 Current surplus of government enterprises –20.1 –19.4 –15.4 –15.9 –11.0 –5.3 –4.3 –5.3 –5.8 –7.6 –4.9 –5.3 –6.1 –7.0 –6.9 –7.7 –8.0 –7.9 –12.8 –21.4 1 With inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). Real Personal Consumption Expenditures [Billions of chained (2012) dollars, except as noted; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Goods Period Total personal consumption expenditures 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2018: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2019: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2020: I ��������������� II r ������������� 10,643.0 10,843.8 11,006.8 11,166.9 11,497.4 11,934.3 12,264.6 12,587.2 12,928.1 13,240.2 12,798.1 12,898.1 12,983.0 13,033.4 13,093.2 13,212.8 13,301.3 13,353.7 13,118.4 11,860.3 Services Durable Total goods 3,485.7 3,561.8 3,637.7 3,752.2 3,905.1 4,090.9 4,238.9 4,410.6 4,590.2 4,760.5 4,531.6 4,578.5 4,610.7 4,639.8 4,668.6 4,756.3 4,805.2 4,811.8 4,812.9 4,677.4 Total durable goods 1 1,027.3 1,079.7 1,144.2 1,214.1 1,301.6 1,400.6 1,481.9 1,584.6 1,692.7 1,774.6 1,661.9 1,690.6 1,703.9 1,714.3 1,718.3 1,770.5 1,797.8 1,811.7 1,752.0 1,744.6 Nondurable Motor vehicles and parts 360.0 370.1 396.6 415.3 439.4 472.8 488.7 513.0 535.1 532.4 531.0 536.4 535.7 537.1 520.6 534.6 535.1 539.2 495.9 497.3 Total nondurable goods 1 2,461.3 2,482.9 2,493.5 2,538.5 2,605.3 2,693.7 2,762.0 2,834.0 2,910.3 3,001.5 2,881.2 2,900.9 2,920.1 2,938.9 2,962.9 3,001.0 3,023.9 3,018.2 3,070.6 2,947.9 Food and beverages purchased for offpremises consumption Gasoline and other energy goods Total services 1 Household consumption expenditures 837.7 839.0 846.2 855.5 871.4 884.8 912.4 943.1 965.9 982.0 961.6 964.3 967.1 970.4 969.6 979.9 991.6 987.1 1,055.9 1,040.9 437.9 427.8 421.9 429.7 430.0 450.0 452.1 449.5 447.0 444.9 447.6 448.3 445.1 446.8 446.6 446.7 444.8 441.6 421.3 342.0 7,157.4 7,282.1 7,369.1 7,415.5 7,594.9 7,849.0 8,035.6 8,195.5 8,367.1 8,520.5 8,293.2 8,348.5 8,401.7 8,425.1 8,457.5 8,498.3 8,541.5 8,584.9 8,365.3 7,306.9 6,859.0 6,969.3 7,027.5 7,069.8 7,249.6 7,511.1 7,682.2 7,841.8 8,002.5 8,167.8 7,938.2 7,986.4 8,039.5 8,045.9 8,100.1 8,145.6 8,188.4 8,237.0 7,949.2 6,832.2 Housing and utilities 1,966.8 1,993.0 1,996.3 2,006.4 2,039.9 2,089.3 2,121.4 2,139.0 2,167.3 2,193.0 2,156.1 2,166.4 2,168.7 2,177.7 2,183.0 2,190.4 2,199.5 2,199.1 2,197.4 2,220.6 Health care 1,761.7 1,788.7 1,821.3 1,832.6 1,892.8 1,994.6 2,074.9 2,123.5 2,174.1 2,232.9 2,154.1 2,165.1 2,193.3 2,183.8 2,208.0 2,229.4 2,234.0 2,260.2 2,161.7 1,782.7 Financial services and insurance 810.5 831.4 820.1 815.2 817.9 837.7 820.9 838.0 840.3 857.9 838.6 837.4 840.7 844.3 853.8 853.7 858.2 865.8 861.4 859.0 Addendum: Personal consumption expenditures excluding food and energy 2 Retail sales of new passenger cars and light trucks (millions of units) 9,151.3 9,363.2 9,531.1 9,667.6 9,978.8 10,384.1 10,682.3 10,973.3 11,275.5 11,567.3 11,155.8 11,243.7 11,330.3 11,372.2 11,433.9 11,541.4 11,615.1 11,678.9 11,405.3 10,212.1 11.6 12.7 14.4 15.5 16.5 17.4 17.5 17.1 17.2 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.0 17.5 16.9 17.0 17.0 16.8 15.0 11.3 1 Includes other items, not shown separately. 2 Food consists of food and beverages purchased for off-premises consumption; food services, which include purchased meals and beverages, are not classified as food. Note: Because of the formula used for calculating real GDP, the chained (2012) dollar estimates for the detailed components do not add to the chained-dollar value of GDP or to any intermediate aggregates. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). 4 Sources of Personal Income Personal income fell $543.5 billion (annual rate) in August, following an increase of $91.9 billion in July. Wages and salaries rose $119.8 billion in August, following an increase of $117.2 billion in July. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS * (RATIO SCALE) 22,000 20,000 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 22,000 20,000 18,000 18,000 16,000 16,000 TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 14,000 14,000 12,000 12,000 10,000 10,000 WAGES AND SALARIES 9,000 9,000 8,000 8,000 7,000 7,000 6,000 6,000 OTHER INCOME 5,000 5,000 4,000 4,000 PERSONAL CURRENT TRANSFER RECEIPTS 3,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 *SEASONALLY ADJUSTED ANNUAL RATES SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Billions of dollars; monthly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Compensation of employees Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr r ��������� May r �������� June r ������� July r �������� Aug p �������� Total personal income 12,551.6 13,326.8 14,010.1 14,181.1 14,991.7 15,724.2 16,160.7 16,948.6 17,851.8 18,551.5 18,616.6 18,645.1 18,693.6 18,788.3 18,800.5 18,973.3 19,116.2 18,763.5 21,061.9 20,183.5 19,944.4 20,036.3 19,492.8 Total 7,924.9 8,225.9 8,566.7 8,834.2 9,249.1 9,699.4 9,963.9 10,422.5 10,950.1 11,432.4 11,451.2 11,460.4 11,515.7 11,575.1 11,603.8 11,714.7 11,824.6 11,483.9 10,625.0 10,890.7 11,125.2 11,264.5 11,401.0 Wages and salaries Supplements to wages and salaries 6,372.1 6,625.9 6,927.5 7,113.2 7,475.2 7,859.5 8,089.1 8,471.5 8,894.2 9,309.3 9,323.8 9,329.9 9,379.1 9,431.8 9,456.5 9,560.8 9,659.3 9,358.1 8,628.5 8,858.6 9,044.8 9,162.0 9,281.8 1,552.9 1,600.0 1,639.2 1,721.0 1,773.9 1,839.9 1,874.7 1,951.1 2,055.9 2,123.1 2,127.4 2,130.5 2,136.6 2,143.2 2,147.2 2,153.9 2,165.3 2,125.8 1,996.4 2,032.1 2,080.4 2,102.6 2,119.2 Proprietors’ income 1 Farm 39.0 64.9 60.9 88.3 69.8 56.2 36.0 41.5 43.0 49.7 62.5 74.2 51.1 79.3 45.6 44.5 79.8 44.9 33.7 22.9 60.2 49.9 76.6 Nonfarm 1,069.7 1,164.4 1,286.4 1,315.3 1,377.9 1,366.7 1,388.7 1,467.4 1,542.9 1,608.0 1,623.5 1,621.0 1,628.8 1,638.3 1,649.9 1,674.7 1,682.5 1,591.7 1,410.7 1,470.0 1,538.2 1,568.3 1,585.3 Personal income receipts on assets Rental income of persons 2 394.2 478.6 518.0 557.0 604.6 649.0 682.7 721.9 759.3 787.1 789.7 789.4 792.0 795.3 799.3 800.8 802.3 803.9 799.9 796.6 791.7 801.7 811.4 Total 1,782.3 1,950.9 2,165.6 2,066.3 2,302.2 2,472.2 2,551.7 2,738.5 2,946.7 2,967.9 2,968.0 2,974.2 2,978.9 2,978.6 2,983.9 2,990.1 2,984.1 2,978.8 2,945.1 2,908.9 2,876.6 2,876.2 2,881.5 Personal interest income 1,238.5 1,269.4 1,330.5 1,273.0 1,349.0 1,439.1 1,474.3 1,577.6 1,641.6 1,677.4 1,680.4 1,682.9 1,689.3 1,694.0 1,697.0 1,688.5 1,679.8 1,671.0 1,654.0 1,637.0 1,619.9 1,634.2 1,648.5 Personal dividend income 543.9 681.5 835.1 793.3 953.2 1,033.1 1,077.4 1,160.8 1,305.1 1,290.4 1,287.6 1,291.4 1,289.6 1,284.6 1,286.9 1,301.7 1,304.4 1,307.8 1,291.1 1,271.8 1,256.7 1,242.0 1,233.0 Personal current transfer receipts 3 2,325.2 2,358.7 2,363.0 2,424.3 2,541.5 2,685.4 2,776.8 2,855.1 2,970.3 3,125.2 3,142.2 3,147.1 3,154.6 3,155.9 3,155.0 3,203.8 3,211.2 3,291.4 6,597.8 5,478.0 4,958.3 4,895.7 4,170.4 Less: Chart 5 - Sep 2020 Contributions for government social insurance, domestic 983.7 916.7 950.5 1,104.3 1,153.6 1,204.7 1,239.1 1,298.4 1,360.4 1,418.8 1,420.6 1,421.2 1,427.5 1,434.2 1,436.9 1,455.4 1,468.2 1,431.1 1,350.3 1,383.6 1,405.8 1,420.0 1,433.2 1 With inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments. 2 With capital consumption adjustment. 3 Consists mainly of social insurance benefits to persons. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). 5 Disposition of Personal Income According to revised estimates, per capita disposable personal income in chained (2012) dollars rose 46.0 percent (annual rate) in the second quarter of 2020. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 20,000 19,000 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 20,000 19,000 18,000 18,000 17,000 17,000 16,000 16,000 15,000 15,000 DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME 14,000 14,000 SAVING 13,000 12,000 13,000 12,000 PERSONAL OUTLAYS 11,000 11,000 10,000 10,000 DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 60,000 58,000 56,000 54,000 52,000 50,000 48,000 46,000 44,000 60,000 58,000 56,000 54,000 52,000 50,000 48,000 46,000 44,000 PER CAPITA DISPOSABLE PERSONAL INCOME CURRENT DOLLARS 42,000 42,000 40,000 40,000 CHAINED (2012) DOLLARS 38,000 38,000 36,000 36,000 34,000 34,000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 *SEASONALLY ADJUSTED ANNUAL RATES SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Period Personal income Less: Personal current taxes Equals: Disposable personal income 12,551.6 13,326.8 14,010.1 14,181.1 14,991.7 15,724.2 16,160.7 16,948.6 17,851.8 18,551.5 1,237.6 1,453.7 1,509.5 1,676.4 1,784.6 1,939.9 1,957.9 2,046.7 2,085.3 2,202.9 11,314.0 11,873.1 12,500.6 12,504.7 13,207.1 13,784.3 14,202.8 14,901.9 15,766.5 16,348.6 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS Less: Personal outlays 1 Equals: Personal saving Disposable personal income in billions of chained (2012) dollars Per capita disposable personal income Current dollars Billions of dollars 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019 Chained (2012) dollars Per capita personal consumption expenditures Current dollars Chained (2012) dollars Dollars 10,573.6 11,024.0 11,394.0 11,705.0 12,236.2 12,745.6 13,227.8 13,830.9 14,529.2 15,117.4 740.3 849.1 1,106.6 799.7 970.9 1,038.7 975.0 1,071.0 1,237.3 1,231.2 11,821.8 12,099.3 12,500.6 12,338.6 12,843.7 13,377.2 13,640.8 14,060.5 14,566.4 14,882.5 36,523 38,054 39,784 39,527 41,450 42,953 43,946 45,821 48,223 49,763 Chart 6 - Sep 2020 Percent Saving change as in real percent per capita of disposable disposable personal personal income income Population, including Armed Forces overseas (thousands) 2 Percent 38,162 38,778 39,784 39,002 40,309 41,684 42,207 43,234 44,553 45,301 32,881 34,105 35,030 35,774 37,105 38,320 39,513 41,019 42,800 44,272 34,357 34,755 35,030 35,298 36,084 37,188 37,949 38,703 39,542 40,302 1.2 1.6 2.6 –2.0 3.4 3.4 1.3 2.4 3.1 1.7 6.5 7.2 8.9 6.4 7.4 7.5 6.9 7.2 7.8 7.5 309,774 312,010 314,212 316,357 318,631 320,918 323,186 325,220 326,949 328,527 44,087 44,424 44,725 44,970 45,296 45,139 45,312 45,459 45,702 50,235 42,153 42,668 43,055 43,319 43,536 44,163 44,551 44,835 44,140 39,701 39,219 39,480 39,683 39,784 39,927 40,250 40,463 40,566 39,810 35,951 4.7 3.1 2.7 2.2 2.9 –1.4 1.5 1.3 2.2 46.0 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.4 7.3 7.2 7.3 9.6 25.7 326,325 326,703 327,167 327,602 327,923 328,270 328,730 329,186 329,529 329,898 Seasonally adjusted annual rates 2018: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2019: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2020: I ���������������� II r ������������� 17,548.6 17,750.3 17,976.5 18,132.0 18,366.7 18,480.9 18,597.6 18,760.8 18,951.0 20,396.6 2,085.6 2,064.4 2,100.5 2,090.7 2,170.7 2,222.5 2,197.1 2,221.2 2,252.4 2,095.7 15,463.0 15,685.9 15,876.1 16,041.3 16,196.0 16,258.4 16,400.5 16,539.6 16,698.6 18,300.9 14,274.1 14,467.9 14,628.2 14,746.8 14,841.5 15,072.3 15,219.9 15,335.8 15,103.3 13,590.0 1,188.8 1,218.0 1,247.9 1,294.5 1,354.5 1,186.1 1,180.6 1,203.8 1,595.3 4,711.0 14,386.7 14,513.6 14,632.6 14,732.3 14,853.5 14,817.8 14,895.4 14,964.5 15,060.3 16,572.3 47,385 48,013 48,526 48,966 49,390 49,528 49,890 50,244 50,674 55,475 1 Includes personal consumption expenditures, personal interest payments (nonmortgage), and personal current transfer payments. 2 Annual data are averages of quarterly data, which are averages for the period. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis and Bureau of the Census). 6 Real Farm Income According to the current forecast for 2020, gross farm income in chained (2020) dollars is forecast to be $446.8 billion and net farm income to be $102.7 billion. BILLIONS OF CHAINED (2020) DOLLARS (RATIO SCALE) BILLIONS OF CHAINED (2020) DOLLARS (RATIO SCALE) 600 560 520 480 440 400 600 560 520 480 440 400 GROSS FARM INCOME 360 360 320 320 280 280 240 240 200 200 160 160 120 120 NET FARM INCOME 80 80 60 60 40 40 2011 2012 2014 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 2019 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Billions of chained (2020) dollars] Chart 7 - Ayg 2020 Income of farm operators from farming 1 Gross farm income Year Value of agricultural sector production Total 2000 ��������������������������������������������������� 2001 ��������������������������������������������������� 2002 ��������������������������������������������������� 2003 ��������������������������������������������������� 2004 ��������������������������������������������������� 2005 ��������������������������������������������������� 2006 ��������������������������������������������������� 2007 ��������������������������������������������������� 2008 ��������������������������������������������������� 2009 ��������������������������������������������������� 2010 ��������������������������������������������������� 2011 ��������������������������������������������������� 2012 ��������������������������������������������������� 2013 ��������������������������������������������������� 2014 ��������������������������������������������������� 2015 ��������������������������������������������������� 2016 ��������������������������������������������������� 2017 ��������������������������������������������������� 2018 ��������������������������������������������������� 2019 ��������������������������������������������������� 2020 p ������������������������������������������������� Crops 2, 3 Total 350.4 354.4 322.1 354.7 393.7 386.6 364.7 415.5 437.7 401.0 419.9 485.0 509.1 538.4 527.8 476.8 441.3 446.9 436.2 435.8 446.8 316.7 322.6 304.7 332.0 376.4 355.0 344.8 401.0 423.0 386.5 405.3 473.0 497.1 526.2 517.1 465.2 427.4 434.8 422.2 413.2 409.7 137.7 134.8 136.8 148.9 167.1 148.1 149.2 184.9 208.6 196.1 198.0 229.9 241.0 260.0 225.3 199.4 202.7 197.4 191.1 182.5 195.2 Animals and animal products 3 143.6 150.8 130.5 143.9 165.9 163.8 150.0 169.4 167.4 142.5 165.2 188.9 191.4 201.4 234.1 210.0 177.1 185.8 182.0 177.7 162.5 Farm-related income 4 35.4 37.0 37.4 39.2 43.4 43.1 45.7 46.7 47.0 47.9 42.1 54.2 64.7 64.7 57.7 55.7 47.7 51.5 49.1 53.0 52.0 Direct Federal Government payments 33.7 31.8 17.3 22.7 17.3 31.6 19.8 14.6 14.7 14.5 14.6 12.0 12.0 12.2 10.7 11.7 13.9 12.1 14.0 22.6 37.2 Production expenses Net farm income 276.9 276.5 267.4 271.1 277.0 284.6 292.5 329.9 344.0 326.9 329.1 354.0 400.0 400.8 427.1 388.6 374.6 368.0 352.8 351.4 344.2 73.5 77.8 54.7 83.6 116.7 102.0 72.2 85.7 93.6 74.1 90.8 131.0 109.1 137.6 100.7 88.3 66.7 78.9 83.4 84.4 102.7 1 The GDP chain-type price index is used to convert the current-dollar statistics to 2020=100 equivalents. 2 Crop receipts include proceeds received from commodities placed under Commodity Credit Corporation loans. 3 The value of production equates to the sum of cash receipts, home consumption, and the value of the change in inventories. 4 Includes income from forest products sold, the gross imputed rental value of farm dwellings, machine hire and custom work, and other sources of farm income such as commodity insurance indemnities. Note: Data for 2020 are forecasts. Source: Department of Agriculture (Economic Research Service). 7 Corporate Profits In the second quarter of 2020, according to revised estimates, corporate profits before tax fell $200.9 billion (annual rate) and profits after tax fell $182.0 billion. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 2,600 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 2,600 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED ANNUAL RATES 2,400 2,400 PROFITS BEFORE TAX 2,200 2,200 2,000 2,000 1,800 1,800 PROFITS AFTER TAX 1,600 1,600 1,400 1,400 1,200 1,200 1,000 1,000 800 800 UNDISTRIBUTED PROFITS 600 600 400 400 TAXES ON CORPORATE INCOME 200 200 0 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE [Billions of dollars; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Profits (before tax) with inventory valuation adjustment 1 Profits after tax Domestic industries Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2018: I ���������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2019: I ���������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2020: I ���������������� II r ������������� Total 2 1,786.4 1,750.2 2,144.7 2,165.9 2,266.6 2,184.6 2,124.3 2,130.5 2,132.0 2,232.0 2,088.9 2,112.5 2,149.9 2,176.8 2,154.9 2,246.4 2,231.7 2,294.9 2,053.5 1,844.3 Profits before tax Nonfinancial Total 1,400.6 1,337.7 1,739.3 1,767.1 1,861.7 1,789.4 1,704.4 1,633.3 1,619.5 1,726.5 1,552.9 1,599.8 1,657.4 1,667.8 1,670.5 1,740.2 1,717.2 1,778.3 1,580.4 1,460.7 Financial 405.8 378.4 482.4 430.7 483.1 447.2 455.8 435.6 418.2 470.5 423.2 419.6 414.6 415.3 460.1 472.3 466.7 482.9 444.7 471.1 Total 3 994.8 959.3 1,256.9 1,336.3 1,378.6 1,342.1 1,248.6 1,197.7 1,201.3 1,256.0 1,129.7 1,180.2 1,242.8 1,252.5 1,210.4 1,267.8 1,250.5 1,295.4 1,135.7 989.6 Manufacturing 281.8 296.0 403.0 446.9 458.7 427.2 332.7 304.7 337.6 336.5 276.2 348.1 365.3 360.9 324.5 344.9 341.0 335.7 302.2 197.6 Utilities Wholesale 30.6 10.2 13.8 28.3 32.8 20.2 9.4 14.0 21.7 27.2 22.7 23.3 22.3 18.6 26.2 28.2 27.1 27.3 22.5 29.0 1 See p. 4 for profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments. 2 Includes rest of the world, not shown separately. 3 Includes industries not shown separately. Note: Data by industry are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). 8 99.3 97.2 137.9 146.4 150.6 152.4 126.6 122.0 105.7 111.3 111.3 94.9 103.9 112.9 103.9 110.5 113.4 117.4 108.3 101.4 Taxes on corporate income Total Net dividends Retail 115.9 115.1 155.7 153.3 157.3 169.3 170.5 149.1 146.5 168.0 149.5 137.7 157.5 141.2 155.5 165.6 166.8 184.2 167.1 205.1 1,834.0 1,818.2 2,156.1 2,151.5 2,264.5 2,128.3 2,125.0 2,183.2 2,186.7 2,237.3 2,156.0 2,185.3 2,195.7 2,209.7 2,188.9 2,243.8 2,203.4 2,313.1 1,994.7 1,793.8 272.3 280.8 334.6 362.6 407.1 396.3 376.2 311.3 282.9 298.7 255.8 277.4 288.2 310.1 294.6 304.9 283.0 312.3 255.6 236.8 1,561.7 1,537.5 1,821.5 1,788.9 1,857.4 1,732.0 1,748.9 1,871.9 1,903.8 1,938.6 1,900.2 1,907.8 1,907.5 1,899.6 1,894.4 1,938.9 1,920.3 2,000.7 1,739.1 1,557.1 643.2 779.1 948.7 1,009.0 1,096.1 1,164.9 1,189.4 1,270.4 1,390.1 1,360.8 1,339.9 1,377.0 1,413.0 1,430.4 1,369.3 1,369.3 1,348.5 1,356.3 1,379.5 1,364.5 Chart 8 - Sep 2020 Inventory Undistrib- valuation adjustment uted profits 918.5 758.4 872.8 779.9 761.3 567.1 559.4 601.5 513.7 577.7 560.3 530.8 494.5 469.2 525.0 569.6 571.9 644.5 359.6 192.6 –47.6 –68.0 –11.4 14.4 2.1 56.3 –.7 –52.7 –54.7 –5.3 –67.1 –72.8 –45.9 –32.9 –34.0 2.6 28.4 –18.1 58.9 50.4 Real Gross Private Domestic Investment In the second quarter of 2020, according to revised estimates, nonresidential fixed investment in chained (2012) dollars fell $208.3 billion (annual rate) and residential fixed investment fell $66.3 billion. Inventories fell $287.0 billion, following a decline of $80.9 billion in the first quarter. BILLIONS OF CHAINED (2012) DOLLARS 3,600 BILLIONS OF CHAINED (2012) DOLLARS 3,600 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED ANNUAL RATES 3,400 3,400 GROSS PRIVATE DOMESTIC INVESTMENT 3,200 3,200 3,000 3,000 2,800 2,800 2,600 2,600 2,400 2,400 2,200 2,200 NONRESIDENTIAL FIXED INVESTMENT 2,000 2,000 1,800 1,800 1,600 1,600 1,400 1,400 1,200 1,200 1,000 1,000 RESIDENTIAL FIXED INVESTMENT 800 800 600 600 400 400 200 200 0 0 CHANGE IN PRIVATE INVENTORIES –200 –200 –400 –400 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE [Billions of chained (2012) dollars; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Chart 9 - Sep 2020 Fixed investment Period 2010 ��������������������������������������������������� 2011 ��������������������������������������������������� 2012 ��������������������������������������������������� 2013 ��������������������������������������������������� 2014 ��������������������������������������������������� 2015 ��������������������������������������������������� 2016 ��������������������������������������������������� 2017 ��������������������������������������������������� 2018 ��������������������������������������������������� 2019 ��������������������������������������������������� 2018: I ���������������������������������������������� II ���������������������������������������������� III ��������������������������������������������� IV ��������������������������������������������� 2019: I ���������������������������������������������� II ���������������������������������������������� III ��������������������������������������������� IV ��������������������������������������������� 2020: I ����������������������������������������������� II r �������������������������������������������� Gross private domestic investment Change in private inventories Nonresidential Total 2,216.5 2,362.1 2,621.8 2,801.5 2,959.2 3,121.8 3,074.8 3,183.4 3,384.9 3,442.6 3,342.5 3,333.3 3,415.4 3,448.3 3,481.3 3,429.9 3,445.7 3,413.3 3,334.0 2,849.8 2,164.2 2,317.8 2,550.5 2,692.1 2,869.2 2,979.0 3,032.2 3,147.4 3,310.4 3,371.7 3,275.2 3,310.6 3,317.0 3,338.7 3,362.3 3,358.6 3,378.9 3,387.2 3,375.4 3,096.3 Total 1,781.0 1,935.4 2,118.5 2,206.0 2,365.3 2,420.3 2,433.0 2,524.2 2,698.9 2,776.8 2,651.5 2,691.9 2,709.5 2,742.6 2,770.8 2,771.0 2,783.9 2,781.5 2,733.8 2,525.5 Structures 412.8 424.1 479.4 485.5 538.8 534.1 510.5 531.7 551.1 547.7 554.8 561.6 553.2 534.9 545.5 547.8 552.6 545.1 540.0 487.5 Equipment 781.2 886.2 983.4 1,029.2 1,101.1 1,134.6 1,115.1 1,150.3 1,242.2 1,267.7 1,220.3 1,227.7 1,245.9 1,274.8 1,281.1 1,268.6 1,263.3 1,258.0 1,207.1 1,080.1 Intellectual property products 588.1 624.8 655.7 691.4 724.8 752.4 809.8 844.2 910.2 968.2 879.3 905.2 914.9 941.5 951.9 961.5 974.0 985.2 991.1 961.5 Residential 383.0 382.5 432.0 485.5 504.1 555.4 592.1 615.7 612.0 601.5 620.3 617.6 609.1 601.0 598.4 595.2 601.9 610.5 637.6 571.3 Total Nonfarm 57.3 46.7 71.2 108.7 86.3 137.6 24.5 15.8 53.4 48.5 47.3 –4.9 79.1 92.3 101.7 49.4 44.0 –1.1 –80.9 –287.0 70.2 48.4 89.9 98.2 90.1 136.5 30.2 21.0 59.3 62.2 50.7 .1 85.5 100.8 114.4 63.2 59.8 11.5 –70.9 –280.8 Note: See p. 10 for further detail on fixed investment by type. Because of the formula used for calculating real GDP, the chained (2012) dollar estimates for the detailed components do not add to the chained-dollar value of GDP or to any intermediate aggregates. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). 9 Real Private Fixed Investment by Type [Billions of chained (2012) dollars; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Nonresidential Residential Equipment Total fixed investment Period 2010 ��������������� 2011 ��������������� 2012 ��������������� 2013 ��������������� 2014 ��������������� 2015 ��������������� 2016 ��������������� 2017 ��������������� 2018 ��������������� 2019 ��������������� 2018: I ���������� II ���������� III ��������� IV ��������� 2019: I ���������� II ���������� III ��������� IV ��������� 2020: I ����������� II r �������� Total nonresidential 2,164.2 2,317.8 2,550.5 2,692.1 2,869.2 2,979.0 3,032.2 3,147.4 3,310.4 3,371.7 3,275.2 3,310.6 3,317.0 3,338.7 3,362.3 3,358.6 3,378.9 3,387.2 3,375.4 3,096.3 Intellectual property products Structures Information processing equipment Structures 1,781.0 1,935.4 2,118.5 2,206.0 2,365.3 2,420.3 2,433.0 2,524.2 2,698.9 2,776.8 2,651.5 2,691.9 2,709.5 2,742.6 2,770.8 2,771.0 2,783.9 2,781.5 2,733.8 2,525.5 412.8 424.1 479.4 485.5 538.8 534.1 510.5 531.7 551.1 547.7 554.8 561.6 553.2 534.9 545.5 547.8 552.6 545.1 540.0 487.5 Total 2 781.2 886.2 983.4 1,029.2 1,101.1 1,134.6 1,115.1 1,150.3 1,242.2 1,267.7 1,220.3 1,227.7 1,245.9 1,274.8 1,281.1 1,268.6 1,263.3 1,258.0 1,207.1 1,080.1 Computers and peripheral equipment 1 Total 289.1 303.2 331.2 351.8 370.2 393.3 410.8 441.2 479.3 493.9 474.2 474.1 484.8 483.9 493.5 494.8 494.3 492.9 475.8 507.4 94.1 93.9 103.5 103.0 102.9 103.4 102.6 110.5 124.0 130.7 474.2 474.1 484.8 483.9 493.5 494.8 494.3 492.9 475.8 507.4 Industrial TransporResearch equiptation Total 2 Software and develment equipment opment 3 Other 195.1 209.3 227.7 248.8 267.7 291.0 310.1 332.7 356.6 363.8 354.3 350.3 359.9 361.8 368.6 362.4 365.7 358.3 348.1 355.8 162.5 194.9 211.2 208.4 216.5 216.7 213.7 225.4 243.9 249.1 239.6 240.0 244.2 251.7 249.7 250.2 251.4 245.3 241.8 226.5 141.5 181.8 215.3 238.5 265.0 292.8 275.7 271.4 287.0 285.7 284.0 281.8 284.1 298.0 299.1 283.7 277.1 283.0 257.8 160.6 588.1 624.8 655.7 691.4 724.8 752.4 809.8 844.2 910.2 968.2 879.3 905.2 914.9 941.5 951.9 961.5 974.0 985.2 991.1 961.5 220.9 245.2 272.1 287.2 305.3 320.2 345.9 374.6 416.4 449.3 399.0 413.2 420.8 432.6 438.8 443.6 452.9 461.8 472.5 465.4 Total residential 2 298.5 311.0 313.4 333.8 346.9 357.1 386.7 392.3 416.0 440.5 403.1 414.4 416.5 430.0 434.4 439.4 442.7 445.3 443.6 428.3 383.0 382.5 432.0 485.5 504.1 555.4 592.1 615.7 612.0 601.5 620.3 617.6 609.1 601.0 598.4 595.2 601.9 610.5 637.6 571.3 Total 2 373.8 372.4 421.5 474.1 491.8 542.0 577.6 600.3 596.6 586.0 604.6 602.0 593.8 585.9 583.2 580.0 586.4 594.6 621.4 555.7 Single family 114.3 109.1 132.0 161.8 171.8 191.5 201.3 214.8 220.7 206.8 225.4 225.3 220.6 211.6 204.7 203.9 206.3 212.3 222.5 194.3 1 Because computers exhibit rapid changes in prices relative to other prices in the economy, the chained-dollar estimates should not be used to measure the component’s relative importance or its contribution to the growth rate of more aggregate series. The quantity index for computers can be used to accurately measure the real growth rate of this series. For information on this component, see Survey of Current Business Table 5.3.1 (for growth rates), Table 5.3.2 (for contributions), and Table 5.3.3 (for quantity indexes). 2 Includes other items, not shown separately. 3 Research and development investment includes expenditures for software. Note: Because of the formula used for calculating real GDP, the chained (2012) dollar estimates for the detailed components do not add to the chained-dollar value of GDP or to any intermediate aggregates. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). Business Investment [Billions of dollars] Capital expenditures By industry Period Total capital expenditures Forestry, Total fishing, by and agri- Mining industry cultural services ConManu- WholeUtilities struction sale facturing trade Retail trade TransportaFinance tion Informaand and tion insurwareance housing ProfesReal sional, estate scienand tific, rental and and technical leasing services Health care and social assistance Other 1 For companies without employees For companies with employees 2004 �������� 2005 �������� 2006 �������� 2007 �������� 2008 �������� 2009 �������� 2010 �������� 2011 �������� 2012 �������� 2013 �������� 2014 �������� 2015 �������� 2016 �������� 2017 �������� 2018 p ������� 1,042.1 1,144.8 1,309.9 1,354.7 1,374.2 1,090.7 1,105.7 1,243.0 1,423.6 1,491.3 1,597.9 1,642.0 1,574.8 1,678.8 1,697.9 953.2 1,062.5 1,217.1 1,270.5 1,294.5 1,015.3 1,036.2 1,169.6 1,334.4 1,400.9 1,506.6 1,548.1 1,479.4 1,577.8 1,697.9 2.1 2.7 2.7 2.1 2.3 2.2 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.0 4.0 3.3 4.6 4.5 4.7 51.3 66.7 99.3 120.7 149.3 100.6 115.7 165.7 196.7 202.2 230.8 174.1 92.6 134.4 153.4 50.4 58.0 69.8 85.4 98.7 103.0 94.5 98.0 125.0 111.3 118.9 130.5 133.5 133.9 146.5 28.6 30.1 30.3 36.7 40.8 19.8 17.9 21.8 23.6 27.6 30.3 33.3 36.0 35.0 39.0 156.7 165.6 192.4 197.3 213.1 155.2 160.8 192.4 203.1 221.3 231.1 245.1 243.6 247.0 259.2 32.3 40.6 36.6 30.8 32.4 25.3 31.1 35.7 40.9 37.5 44.8 42.4 43.8 44.0 42.5 72.2 73.5 86.7 82.5 73.2 58.4 65.3 68.1 77.6 77.5 82.4 86.0 86.9 90.5 89.3 46.1 56.9 68.0 67.4 79.6 55.7 59.0 72.7 81.8 92.6 111.0 116.6 109.7 108.5 122.4 83.5 91.4 104.4 106.1 103.3 88.4 97.2 100.1 106.5 123.9 132.0 132.7 142.9 158.9 175.7 153.6 161.4 163.1 173.4 132.9 99.5 103.1 109.2 130.2 137.8 153.3 164.6 161.7 163.0 181.6 91.6 103.0 132.1 117.5 106.9 72.9 81.3 91.1 115.7 114.2 121.9 151.9 150.7 161.4 174.0 26.7 33.1 30.3 31.8 33.0 28.2 28.2 28.1 31.6 35.7 30.4 33.3 31.7 37.2 42.5 64.6 73.8 75.3 84.2 90.2 79.4 78.4 83.1 88.9 94.2 89.0 93.8 93.6 104.6 108.4 93.6 88.9 105.6 82.2 126.3 92.8 134.8 84.2 138.7 79.7 127.0 75.4 100.6 69.5 100.4 73.4 110.0 89.2 122.1 90.4 126.8 91.3 140.6 93.9 148.3 95.4 154.8 101.0 158.9 �������������� 1 Includes the following industries: Management of companies and enterprises; administrative and support and waste management; educational services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services (except public administration). Also includes an item for structure and equipment expenditures serving multiple industry categories. Note: Data from Annual Capital Expenditures. Industry data are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Data shown in this table are capital expenditures for both new and used structures and equipment. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of the Census). 10 EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND WAGES Status of the Labor Force In September, unemployment as measured by the household survey fell 970,000 to 12.6 million. MILLIONS OF PERSONS* MILLIONS OF PERSONS* 168 168 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED 164 164 160 160 156 156 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE 152 152 148 148 CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT 144 144 140 140 136 136 132 132 128 128 28 24 28 24 20 20 16 16 UNEMPLOYMENT 12 12 8 8 4 0 4 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 *16 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Thousands of persons 16 years of age and over, except as noted; monthly data seasonally adjusted except as noted by NSA] Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May ���������� June ��������� July ���������� Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Civilian noninsti- Civilian labor tutional force population (NSA) 237,830 239,618 243,284 245,679 247,947 250,801 253,538 255,079 257,791 259,175 259,638 259,845 260,020 260,181 259,502 259,628 259,758 259,896 260,047 260,204 260,373 260,558 260,742 153,889 153,617 154,975 155,389 155,922 157,130 159,187 160,320 162,075 163,539 164,051 164,401 164,347 164,556 164,606 164,546 162,913 156,481 158,227 159,932 159,870 160,838 160,143 Civilian employment Total 139,064 139,869 142,469 143,929 146,305 148,834 151,436 153,337 155,761 157,538 158,298 158,544 158,536 158,803 158,714 158,759 155,772 133,403 137,242 142,182 143,532 147,288 147,563 Men 20 years and over 71,230 72,182 73,403 74,176 75,471 76,776 78,084 78,919 80,211 80,917 81,146 81,196 81,377 81,390 81,345 81,202 79,832 69,977 71,672 73,641 74,184 75,945 76,231 Women 20 years and over 63,456 63,360 64,640 65,295 66,287 67,323 68,387 69,344 70,424 71,470 71,990 72,130 71,881 72,200 72,097 72,179 70,886 59,947 61,638 64,426 65,113 66,637 66,289 1 11 - Sep 2020 PercentChart Unemployment Both sexes 16–19 years 4,378 4,327 4,426 4,458 4,548 4,734 4,965 5,074 5,126 5,150 5,162 5,218 5,278 5,213 5,273 5,378 5,054 3,479 3,932 4,114 4,235 4,706 5,043 Total 14,825 13,747 12,506 11,460 9,617 8,296 7,751 6,982 6,314 6,001 5,753 5,857 5,811 5,753 5,892 5,787 7,140 23,078 20,985 17,750 16,338 13,550 12,580 Men 20 years and over 7,763 6,898 5,984 5,568 4,585 3,959 3,675 3,287 2,976 2,819 2,695 2,715 2,679 2,618 2,743 2,799 3,344 10,483 9,385 8,354 7,720 6,567 6,065 Women 20 years and over Both sexes 16–19 years 5,534 5,450 5,125 4,565 3,926 3,371 3,151 2,868 2,578 2,435 2,323 2,411 2,411 2,383 2,415 2,323 2,954 10,966 9,920 8,154 7,607 6,078 5,561 1,528 1,400 1,397 1,327 1,106 966 925 827 759 746 735 730 721 752 734 665 843 1,628 1,681 1,242 1,011 905 954 Not in labor force 83,941 86,001 88,310 90,290 92,025 93,671 94,351 94,759 95,716 95,636 95,587 95,444 95,673 95,625 94,896 95,082 96,845 103,415 101,820 100,273 100,503 99,720 100,599 Labor Employ- Unemployforce ment/ participa- population ment tion rate ratio rate 64.7 64.1 63.7 63.2 62.9 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.9 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.2 63.2 63.4 63.4 62.7 60.2 60.8 61.5 61.4 61.7 61.4 58.5 58.4 58.6 58.6 59.0 59.3 59.7 60.1 60.4 60.8 61.0 61.0 61.0 61.0 61.2 61.1 60.0 51.3 52.8 54.6 55.1 56.5 56.6 9.6 8.9 8.1 7.4 6.2 5.3 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.4 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4 7.9 1 Civilian labor force (or employment) as percent of civilian noninstitutional population; and unemployment as percent of civilian labor force. Note: Beginning each January, data reflect revised population controls and are not strictly comparable with earlier data. See Employment and Earnings for details on breaks in series. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 11 Selected Unemployment Rates In September, the unemployment rate fell to 7.9 percent. PERCENT (SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) PERCENT (SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) 35 35 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 15 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN1 10 TEENAGERS (16-19) 10 HISPANIC1,2 5 MEN 20 YEARS AND OVER 5 ALL CIVILIAN WORKERS 0 2016 WHITE1 2017 2018 WOMEN 20 YEARS AND OVER ASIAN1 2019 0 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 SEE FOOTNOTE 1 TABLE BELOW. HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY. SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 2 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Monthly data seasonally adjusted, except as noted by NSA] Unemployment rate (percent of civilian labor force in group) Chart 12 - Sep 2020 By race or ethnicity 1 By sex and age Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May ���������� June ��������� July ���������� Aug ���������� Sept ��������� All civilian workers 9.6 8.9 8.1 7.4 6.2 5.3 4.9 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.4 14.7 13.3 11.1 10.2 8.4 7.9 Men 20 years and over Women 20 years and over 9.8 8.7 7.5 7.0 5.7 4.9 4.5 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 4.0 13.0 11.6 10.2 9.4 8.0 7.4 8.0 7.9 7.3 6.5 5.6 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 4.0 15.5 13.9 11.2 10.5 8.4 7.7 Both sexes 16–19 years 25.9 24.4 24.0 22.9 19.6 16.9 15.7 14.0 12.9 12.7 12.5 12.3 12.0 12.6 12.2 11.0 14.3 31.9 29.9 23.2 19.3 16.1 15.9 White 8.7 7.9 7.2 6.5 5.3 4.6 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.1 4.0 14.2 12.4 10.1 9.2 7.3 7.0 Black or African American 16.0 15.8 13.8 13.1 11.3 9.6 8.4 7.5 6.5 6.1 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.9 6.0 5.8 6.7 16.7 16.8 15.4 14.6 13.0 12.1 Asian 7.5 7.0 5.9 5.2 5.0 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.5 3.0 2.5 4.1 14.5 15.0 13.8 12.0 10.7 8.9 1 Persons who selected this race group only. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Note: Data relate to persons age 16 years and over. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 12 By selected groups Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 12.5 11.5 10.3 9.1 7.4 6.6 5.8 5.1 4.7 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 6.0 18.9 17.6 14.5 12.9 10.5 10.3 Married men, spouse present 6.8 5.8 4.9 4.3 3.4 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.3 9.7 8.3 6.9 6.2 5.0 4.8 Women who maintain families (NSA) 12.3 12.4 11.4 10.2 8.6 7.4 6.8 6.2 5.4 5.0 4.7 5.4 4.8 4.2 5.4 4.1 5.3 15.9 15.8 13.1 12.4 10.4 10.0 Full-time workers 10.4 9.6 8.5 7.7 6.4 5.4 4.9 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 4.1 12.9 12.0 10.4 9.8 8.3 7.8 Part-time workers 6.3 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.4 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.7 6.1 24.5 19.7 14.7 12.6 9.0 8.4 Selected Measures of Unemployment and Unemployment Insurance Programs In September, the percentages of the unemployed who had been out of work for less than 5 weeks and for 27 weeks and over fell, while the percentages for 5 to 14 weeks and for 15 to 26 weeks rose. The mean duration of unemployment rose to 20.7 weeks and the median duration rose to 17.8 weeks. PERCENT DISTRIBUTION* PERCENT DISTRIBUTION* 100 100 DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT 80 80 60 60 LESS THAN 5 WEEKS 40 REASON FOR UNEMPLOYMENT JOB LOSERS 40 REENTRANTS 5-14 WEEKS 27 WEEKS AND OVER 20 JOB LEAVERS 20 15-26 WEEKS NEW ENTRANTS 0 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 *SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 2019 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Monthly data seasonally adjusted, except as noted by NSA] Chart 13 - Aug 2020 Duration of unemployment Period Unemployment (thousands) Percent distribution Less than 5 weeks 5–14 weeks 15–26 weeks Reason for unemployment: percent distribution Number of weeks 27 weeks and over Average (mean) 1 Median Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants State programs Insured unemployment (NSA) Initial claims (NSA) Insured unemployment, all programs (NSA) 2 Weekly average, thousands 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May ���������� June ��������� July ���������� Aug ���������� Sept ��������� 14,825 13,747 12,506 11,460 9,617 8,296 7,751 6,982 6,314 6,001 5,753 5,857 5,811 5,753 5,892 5,787 7,140 23,078 20,985 17,750 16,338 13,550 12,580 18.7 19.5 21.1 22.5 25.7 28.9 30.5 32.5 34.4 34.8 32.4 33.7 34.6 35.6 35.1 35.1 48.5 61.9 18.5 16.1 19.6 16.8 20.2 22.0 21.8 22.9 24.1 25.3 27.7 28.7 28.8 29.7 29.8 30.8 29.8 29.9 29.9 29.9 31.4 24.5 30.4 70.8 65.2 31.6 23.1 21.7 16.0 15.0 14.9 15.8 15.6 15.3 14.9 14.6 14.5 14.3 14.0 15.1 14.7 14.0 15.1 14.4 11.1 3.6 5.2 10.8 39.6 48.1 39.0 43.3 43.8 41.1 37.6 33.5 28.1 25.9 24.2 21.4 21.1 22.8 21.5 20.8 20.5 19.9 19.2 15.9 4.1 5.6 7.9 9.2 12.0 19.1 33.0 39.3 39.4 36.5 33.7 29.2 27.5 25.0 22.7 21.6 21.7 21.6 20.2 20.8 21.9 20.9 17.1 6.1 9.9 15.7 17.9 20.2 20.7 21.4 21.4 19.3 17.0 14.0 11.6 10.6 10.0 9.3 9.1 9.4 9.2 9.2 9.0 9.3 9.1 7.0 2.0 7.7 13.6 15.0 16.7 17.8 62.4 59.0 55.0 53.0 50.7 49.0 48.2 49.2 47.4 46.4 44.7 45.9 48.1 46.9 45.2 46.9 56.7 89.4 87.0 80.4 79.0 76.1 72.4 6.0 7.0 7.7 8.1 8.6 9.9 11.1 11.1 12.6 13.6 14.6 14.4 13.3 14.5 14.2 13.4 10.5 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.5 4.4 6.4 23.4 24.7 26.7 28.0 29.4 30.6 30.1 29.8 30.5 30.2 29.0 29.0 28.6 28.9 31.2 31.0 25.5 6.4 7.8 13.3 14.4 15.5 17.0 8.2 4,487 454 9,732 9.3 3,679 406 7,630 10.5 3,297 374 6,048 10.9 2,947 342 4,605 11.3 2,574 304 2,657 10.6 2,237 275 2,272 10.6 2,099 259 2,127 9.9 1,948 240 1,971 9.5 1,755 219 1,774 9.8 1,684 217 1,702 11.7 1,634 182 1,651 10.6 1,473 220 1,489 10.0 1,490 241 1,507 9.6 2,165 342 2,187 9.4 2,228 304 2,250 8.7 2,073 211 2,093 7.3 3,727 2,942 3,750 1.7 16,531 4,408 16,586 2.5 21,758 2,321 21,870 3.2 19,378 1,698 19,564 3.1 16,055 1,367 16,327 4.1 ��������������� ��������������� ����������������� 4.3 ��������������� ��������������� ����������������� 1 Beginning January 2011, includes unemployment durations of up to 5 years; prior data are for up to 2 years. 2 Includes State (50 States, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands), Federal (UCFE), ex-service members (UCX), and Federal and State extended benefit programs. Also includes Emergency Unemployment Compensation (2008-2013) and Federal Additional Compensation (2009-2010). Note: Data relate to persons age 16 years and over (except for insured unemployment and initial claims). Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics and Employment and Training Administration). 13 Nonagricultural Employment Total nonagricultural employment as measured by the payroll survey rose by 661,000 in September. MILLIONS OF PERSONS* 155 MILLIONS OF PERSONS* 110 108 106 104 102 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 ALL NONAGRICULTURAL ESTABLISHMENTS 150 145 140 135 PRIVATE INDUSTRIES 130 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 125 120 115 105 GOVERNMENT 2016 2017 EDUCATION AND HEALTH SERVICES 2018 2019 2020 PROFESSIONAL AND BUSINESS SERVICES RETAIL TRADE 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 110 24 22 20 PRIVATE SERVICE-PROVIDING INDUSTRIES GOODS-PRODUCING MANUFACTURING 2016 2017 2018 *SEASONALLY ADJUSTED 2019 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF LABOR [Thousands of wage and salary workers; 1 monthly data seasonally adjusted] Chart 14 - Sep 2020 Private industries Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May ���������� June ��������� July r �������� Aug r ��������� Sept p ������� Total nonagricultural employment 130,345 131,914 134,157 136,364 138,940 141,825 144,336 146,608 148,908 150,939 151,368 151,553 151,814 151,998 152,212 152,463 151,090 130,303 133,028 137,809 139,570 141,059 141,720 Goods-producing industries Total private 107,855 109,828 112,237 114,511 117,058 119,796 122,112 124,258 126,454 128,346 128,718 128,908 129,155 129,319 129,498 129,718 128,362 108,527 111,763 116,492 118,018 119,040 119,917 Total 2 Construc- Manufaction turing 17,751 18,047 18,420 18,738 19,226 19,610 19,750 20,084 20,704 21,067 21,106 21,086 21,131 21,136 21,149 21,205 21,086 18,698 19,374 19,859 19,925 19,970 20,063 5,518 5,533 5,646 5,856 6,151 6,461 6,728 6,969 7,288 7,492 7,524 7,541 7,539 7,555 7,593 7,639 7,574 6,556 7,012 7,171 7,202 7,219 7,245 11,528 11,726 11,927 12,020 12,185 12,336 12,354 12,439 12,688 12,840 12,851 12,810 12,868 12,866 12,844 12,852 12,806 11,489 11,729 12,062 12,103 12,139 12,205 Private service-providing industries Trade, transportation, and utilities Total Total 3 90,104 91,781 93,817 95,773 97,832 100,186 102,362 104,174 105,750 107,279 107,612 107,822 108,024 108,183 108,349 108,513 107,276 89,829 92,389 96,633 98,093 99,070 99,854 24,565 24,990 25,399 25,783 26,303 26,806 27,179 27,393 27,607 27,715 27,712 27,750 27,762 27,809 27,832 27,830 27,723 24,475 24,858 25,852 26,136 26,490 26,727 Retail trade 14,446 14,674 14,847 15,085 15,363 15,611 15,832 15,846 15,786 15,644 15,623 15,645 15,631 15,672 15,669 15,672 15,587 13,288 13,674 14,532 14,785 15,047 15,189 Information Financial activities 2,707 2,674 2,676 2,706 2,726 2,750 2,794 2,814 2,839 2,860 2,866 2,865 2,874 2,883 2,894 2,894 2,888 2,609 2,569 2,576 2,565 2,591 2,618 7,695 7,697 7,784 7,886 7,977 8,123 8,287 8,451 8,590 8,746 8,771 8,792 8,804 8,814 8,823 8,845 8,827 8,566 8,585 8,605 8,620 8,646 8,683 Profes- Education Leisure sional and and and health hospitalbusiness services ity services 16,783 17,389 17,992 18,575 19,124 19,695 20,114 20,508 20,950 21,313 21,402 21,444 21,481 21,503 21,523 21,550 21,456 19,254 19,414 19,725 19,887 20,075 20,164 19,975 20,318 20,769 21,086 21,439 22,029 22,639 23,188 23,638 24,177 24,323 24,363 24,436 24,465 24,534 24,586 24,408 21,805 22,193 22,760 22,979 23,149 23,189 13,049 13,353 13,768 14,254 14,696 15,160 15,660 16,051 16,295 16,576 16,631 16,701 16,744 16,784 16,808 16,867 16,124 8,549 9,954 11,933 12,566 12,709 13,027 Other services 5,331 5,360 5,430 5,483 5,567 5,622 5,691 5,770 5,831 5,893 5,907 5,907 5,923 5,925 5,935 5,941 5,850 4,571 4,816 5,182 5,340 5,410 5,446 Government 22,490 22,086 21,920 21,853 21,882 22,029 22,224 22,350 22,455 22,594 22,650 22,645 22,659 22,679 22,714 22,745 22,728 21,776 21,265 21,317 21,552 22,019 21,803 1 Data from the establishment survey. Includes all full- and part-time wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments who received pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Excludes proprietors, self-employed persons, unpaid family workers, and private household workers. Data from the household survey shown on p. 11 include those workers and also count persons as employed when they are not at work because of industrial disputes, bad weather, etc., even if they are not paid for the time off. In the series shown here, persons who work at more than one job are counted each time they appear on a payroll, in contrast to the series shown on p. 11 where persons are counted only once—as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. See Employment and Earnings for details. 2 Includes mining and logging, not shown separately. 3 Includes wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. Note: Data classified by industry based on the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For details see Employment and Earnings. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 14 Average Weekly Hours, Hourly Earnings, and Weekly Earnings— Private Nonagricultural Industries [For production or nonsupervisory workers; monthly data seasonally adjusted] Average weekly hours Total private nonagricultural 1 Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May ���������� June ��������� July r �������� Aug r ��������� Sept p ������� Average gross hourly earnings Total private nonagricultural 1 Manufacturing Total 33.4 33.6 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.6 33.7 33.8 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.7 33.4 33.5 34.1 34.0 34.0 34.0 34.1 Overtime 41.1 41.4 41.7 41.8 42.0 41.8 41.9 41.9 42.2 41.6 41.5 41.5 41.4 41.4 41.4 41.3 41.6 41.3 38.4 39.4 39.9 40.7 41.0 41.0 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.6 Current dollars Manufacturing 1982-84 dollars 2 $19.04 $8.90 19.43 8.77 19.73 8.72 20.13 8.78 20.60 8.85 21.03 9.07 21.53 9.20 22.05 9.22 22.71 9.26 23.51 9.43 23.64 9.46 23.70 9.48 23.76 9.47 23.81 9.47 23.84 9.46 23.88 9.47 23.96 9.49 24.10 9.59 25.12 10.09 24.97 10.03 24.73 9.87 24.64 9.77 24.78 9.78 24.79 ����������������� Average gross weekly earnings Total private nonagricultural 1 Current dollars $18.61 18.93 19.08 19.30 19.56 19.91 20.44 20.90 21.54 22.15 22.22 22.26 22.30 22.39 22.44 22.42 22.52 22.60 22.72 22.75 22.61 22.81 22.81 22.94 Percent change from a year earlier, total private nonagricultural Current dollars 1982-84 dollars 2 $636.02 $297.25 652.72 294.58 665.54 294.19 677.62 295.49 694.74 298.47 708.70 305.72 723.20 308.96 742.48 310.59 766.99 312.87 790.67 317.26 794.30 317.98 796.32 318.47 798.34 318.35 797.64 317.41 801.02 317.83 802.37 318.08 807.45 319.90 804.94 320.38 841.52 337.96 851.48 342.12 840.82 335.73 837.76 332.20 842.52 332.61 845.34 ����������������� Manufacturing Construction $765.18 784.29 794.67 807.37 822.03 832.25 855.77 876.10 908.01 921.66 922.13 923.79 923.22 926.95 929.02 925.95 936.83 933.38 872.45 896.35 902.14 928.37 935.21 940.54 $891.83 921.84 942.14 958.72 977.11 998.02 1,031.88 1,061.98 1,108.59 1,135.17 1,140.34 1,148.06 1,138.60 1,131.57 1,137.87 1,156.80 1,147.21 1,149.19 1,094.43 1,141.42 1,155.21 1,151.49 1,155.42 1,142.45 Retail trade Current dollars $400.38 412.29 422.35 423.44 431.97 446.01 447.69 463.10 483.03 503.07 506.62 507.22 508.13 504.11 511.46 513.15 518.36 518.81 537.41 559.33 561.10 540.75 548.24 549.78 1982-84 dollars 2 3.3 1.2 2.6 –.9 2.0 –.1 1.8 .4 2.5 1.0 2.0 2.4 2.0 1.1 2.7 .5 3.3 .7 3.1 1.4 3.1 1.6 3.4 1.8 3.4 1.9 2.9 1.0 2.9 .6 2.7 .2 3.6 1.3 2.6 1.2 7.0 6.9 8.2 8.2 6.6 6.0 6.2 5.2 6.1 4.6 6.2 ������������������� 1 Also includes other private industry groups shown on p. 14. 2 Current dollar earnings divided by the consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers (CPI–W) (on a 1982-84=100 base). Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Employment Cost Index—Private Industry Index (December 2005 = 100) Period Total compensation Wages and salaries Percent change from 3 months earlier Benefits 1 Total compensation 12 months earlier Wages and salaries Benefits 1 Total compensation Wages and salaries Benefits 1 Not seasonally adjusted 2010: 2011: 2012: 2013: 2014: 2015: 2016: 2017: 2018: 2019: Dec ������������������������������������������ Dec ������������������������������������������ Dec ������������������������������������������ Dec ������������������������������������������ Dec ������������������������������������������ Dec ������������������������������������������ Dec ������������������������������������������ Dec ������������������������������������������ Dec ������������������������������������������ Dec ������������������������������������������ 112.5 115.0 117.1 119.4 122.2 124.5 127.2 130.5 134.4 138.0 112.8 114.6 116.6 119.0 121.6 124.2 127.1 130.6 134.7 138.7 111.9 115.9 118.2 120.5 123.5 125.1 127.3 130.2 133.6 136.2 ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� ����������������������� Seasonally adjusted 2018: Mar ����������������������������������������� June ���������������������������������������� Sept ���������������������������������������� Dec ������������������������������������������ 2019: Mar ����������������������������������������� June ���������������������������������������� Sept ���������������������������������������� Dec ������������������������������������������ 2020: Mar ����������������������������������������� June ���������������������������������������� 131.9 132.8 133.7 134.6 135.5 136.3 137.3 138.2 139.3 139.9 132.0 132.8 133.9 134.9 135.9 136.8 137.9 138.9 140.3 140.8 131.5 132.7 133.2 133.9 134.6 135.1 135.8 136.5 136.8 137.8 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.6 3.0 2.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.8 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.6 2.0 1.9 2.5 1.3 1.8 2.3 2.6 1.9 Not seasonally adjusted 0.9 .7 .7 .7 .7 .6 .7 .7 .8 .4 1.0 .6 .8 .7 .7 .7 .8 .7 1.0 .4 0.8 .9 .4 .5 .5 .4 .5 .5 .2 .7 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.4 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.6 2.0 1 Employer costs for employee benefits. Note: The employment cost index is a measure of the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries. Data exclude farm and household workers. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 15 Productivity and Related Data, Business and Nonfarm Business Sectors Labor productivity (output per hour) Period Business sector Nonfarm business sector Hours of all persons 2 Output 1 Business sector Nonfarm business sector Business sector Nonfarm business sector Compensation per hour 3 Business sector Nonfarm business sector Real compensation per hour 4 Business sector Unit labor costs Nonfarm business sector Implicit price deflator 5 Business sector Nonfarm business sector Business sector Nonfarm business sector 95.9 98.1 100.0 100.6 102.5 104.0 104.7 107.1 109.0 111.1 104.3 104.6 104.7 105.2 105.9 106.6 107.3 108.4 108.3 108.3 109.5 109.8 111.1 111.0 110.9 111.4 113.8 116.4 96.1 98.2 100.0 100.8 102.7 104.3 105.1 107.5 109.5 111.5 104.7 105.0 105.1 105.6 106.3 107.0 107.7 108.8 108.8 108.8 110.0 110.3 111.6 111.4 111.3 111.8 114.4 116.9 96.0 98.2 100.0 101.5 103.1 103.6 104.4 106.3 108.6 110.2 103.6 104.4 104.7 105.1 105.6 105.9 106.4 107.1 107.6 108.5 108.9 109.3 109.4 110.2 110.4 110.8 111.0 109.7 96.3 98.2 100.0 101.5 103.3 104.0 105.0 106.8 109.2 110.8 104.1 104.9 105.3 105.8 106.2 106.4 107.0 107.6 108.2 109.1 109.5 109.9 110.0 110.8 111.1 111.4 111.7 110.5 –1.5 2.2 2.0 .6 1.9 1.4 .7 2.3 1.8 1.9 –.8 1.1 .5 2.1 2.7 2.6 2.7 4.1 –.2 –.1 4.5 .9 5.0 –.5 –.3 1.7 9.0 9.6 –1.5 2.2 1.8 .8 1.9 1.6 .7 2.2 1.9 1.9 –.9 1.3 .5 1.7 2.9 2.5 2.7 4.1 .0 .2 4.5 1.0 4.8 –.6 –.4 1.7 9.6 9.0 1.2 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.6 .4 .8 1.7 2.2 1.5 –.7 3.1 1.2 1.7 2.0 1.0 1.9 2.5 2.0 3.6 1.1 1.4 .4 3.0 1.1 1.2 .8 –4.7 1.0 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.8 .7 1.0 1.7 2.2 1.5 –.3 3.2 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.5 2.1 3.6 1.4 1.4 .4 3.0 1.0 1.2 .8 –4.0 Indexes, 2012=100; quarterly data seasonally adjusted 2010 ���������������� 2011 ���������������� 2012 ���������������� 2013 ���������������� 2014 ���������������� 2015 ���������������� 2016 ���������������� 2017 ���������������� 2018 ���������������� 2019 ���������������� 2016: I ������������ II ����������� III ���������� IV ���������� 2017: I ������������ II ����������� III ���������� IV ���������� 2018: I ������������ II ����������� III ���������� IV ���������� 2019: I ������������ II ����������� III ���������� IV ���������� 2020: I ������������ II * �������� 99.3 99.2 100.0 100.9 101.6 103.1 103.5 104.8 106.4 108.2 103.1 103.1 103.5 104.3 104.4 104.4 105.1 105.3 106.0 106.5 106.5 106.7 107.7 108.3 108.3 108.7 108.7 111.0 99.2 99.2 100.0 100.5 101.4 103.0 103.3 104.6 106.1 107.9 103.0 103.0 103.3 103.9 104.2 104.2 104.8 105.2 105.8 106.1 106.2 106.4 107.4 107.9 108.0 108.4 108.3 110.9 95.2 97.1 100.0 102.4 105.6 109.6 111.6 114.7 118.7 121.6 110.8 111.2 111.9 112.8 113.4 114.0 115.0 116.3 117.6 118.5 119.1 119.6 120.6 121.0 121.9 122.7 120.8 107.6 95.0 96.9 100.0 102.2 105.4 109.4 111.3 114.4 118.4 121.3 110.5 110.8 111.5 112.5 113.1 113.7 114.8 116.1 117.3 118.2 118.9 119.3 120.4 120.8 121.6 122.5 120.5 107.3 95.9 97.8 100.0 101.5 103.9 106.3 107.9 109.4 111.5 112.3 107.4 107.8 108.1 108.1 108.7 109.2 109.4 110.5 110.9 111.3 111.8 112.1 112.1 111.8 112.6 113.0 111.2 96.9 95.9 97.8 100.0 101.7 104.0 106.2 107.8 109.4 111.6 112.4 107.3 107.6 108.0 108.2 108.6 109.2 109.5 110.4 110.9 111.4 111.9 112.1 112.1 111.9 112.7 113.0 111.2 96.7 95.3 97.3 100.0 101.5 104.1 107.2 108.3 112.2 116.0 120.2 107.6 107.8 108.3 109.7 110.6 111.3 112.8 114.1 114.9 115.4 116.7 117.1 119.6 120.1 120.1 121.0 123.6 129.2 95.3 97.4 100.0 101.3 104.1 107.4 108.6 112.4 116.2 120.4 107.8 108.1 108.6 109.7 110.8 111.4 112.9 114.4 115.0 115.4 116.8 117.3 119.8 120.2 120.2 121.2 123.9 129.7 100.4 99.4 100.0 100.0 100.9 103.7 103.5 104.9 105.9 107.8 103.7 103.2 103.2 103.9 104.0 104.5 105.4 105.8 105.6 105.5 106.2 106.2 108.3 107.9 107.4 107.6 109.6 115.5 100.4 99.5 100.0 99.8 100.9 103.9 103.7 105.1 106.0 107.9 103.9 103.5 103.4 103.9 104.1 104.7 105.4 106.0 105.8 105.5 106.3 106.4 108.4 108.0 107.5 107.7 109.8 115.9 Percent change; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates 2010 ���������������� 2011 ���������������� 2012 ���������������� 2013 ���������������� 2014 ���������������� 2015 ���������������� 2016 ���������������� 2017 ���������������� 2018 ���������������� 2019 ���������������� 2016: I ������������ II ����������� III ���������� IV ���������� 2017: I ������������ II ����������� III ���������� IV ���������� 2018: I ������������ II ����������� III ���������� IV ���������� 2019: I ������������ II ����������� III ���������� IV ���������� 2020: I ������������ II * �������� 3.3 –.1 .8 .9 .7 1.5 .4 1.3 1.6 1.7 .9 –.3 1.6 3.0 .6 –.2 3.0 .6 2.9 1.7 .1 .7 3.6 2.2 .2 1.4 .0 8.9 3.4 .0 .9 .5 .9 1.6 .3 1.2 1.4 1.7 .9 –.1 1.2 2.5 1.0 –.1 2.5 1.3 2.3 1.1 .5 .8 3.7 2.0 .3 1.6 –.3 10.1 3.2 1.9 3.0 2.4 3.1 3.8 1.9 2.7 3.5 2.4 2.6 1.2 2.5 3.2 2.5 1.9 3.6 4.6 4.5 3.0 2.3 1.5 3.6 1.3 2.9 2.8 –6.0 –37.2 3.3 2.0 3.1 2.2 3.2 3.7 1.8 2.8 3.5 2.5 2.5 1.1 2.4 3.4 2.4 2.1 3.8 4.7 4.3 3.0 2.3 1.4 3.8 1.2 2.9 2.8 –6.4 –37.1 –0.1 2.0 2.3 1.5 2.4 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.9 .7 1.7 1.5 .9 .2 1.9 2.1 .6 4.0 1.6 1.3 2.1 .8 .0 –.9 2.7 1.4 –6.0 –42.3 –0.1 2.0 2.3 1.7 2.3 2.1 1.5 1.5 2.0 .7 1.6 1.2 1.2 .9 1.3 2.2 1.3 3.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 .7 .1 –.7 2.6 1.2 –6.1 –42.9 1.8 2.1 2.8 1.5 2.6 2.9 1.1 3.6 3.4 3.6 .0 .8 2.1 5.2 3.3 2.4 5.7 4.6 2.7 1.7 4.7 1.5 8.8 1.7 –.1 3.1 9.0 19.3 1.9 2.2 2.7 1.3 2.8 3.1 1.1 3.5 3.4 3.6 .1 1.1 1.7 4.3 3.9 2.4 5.2 5.5 2.2 1.3 5.1 1.8 8.7 1.4 –.2 3.3 9.2 20.0 0.1 –1.0 .6 .0 .9 2.8 –.2 1.4 .9 1.8 .1 –2.1 .2 2.6 .4 2.0 3.5 1.5 –.6 –.5 2.5 .3 7.9 –1.3 –1.9 .7 7.7 23.7 0.2 –.9 .5 –.2 1.1 3.0 –.2 1.3 .9 1.8 .2 –1.7 –.2 1.7 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.3 –1.0 –.9 2.9 .5 7.7 –1.6 –2.0 .9 7.9 24.4 1 Output refers to real gross domestic product originating in the sector. 2 Hours of all persons engaged in the sector, including hours of proprietors and unpaid family workers. Estimates based primarily on establishment data. 3 Wages and salaries of employees plus employers’ contributions for social insurance and private benefit plans. Also includes an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed. 4 Hourly compensation divided by consumer price series. The trend for 1978-2019 is based on the consumer price index research series (CPI-U-RS). The change for recent quarters is based on the consumer price index for all urban consumers (CPI-U). 5 Current dollar gross domestic output divided by the output index. Note: Data relate to all persons engaged in the sector. Percent changes are from preceding period and are based on original data; they therefore may differ slightly from percent changes based on indexes shown here. * Data based on GDP data released on August 27, 2020. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 16 PRODUCTION AND BUSINESS ACTIVITY Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization Industrial production and capacity utilization rose in August. INDEX, 2012 = 100* (RATIO SCALE) 120 INDEX, 2012 = 100* (RATIO SCALE) 130 TOTAL INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION 110 FINAL PRODUCTS 120 100 CONSUMER GOODS 110 90 100 80 BUSINESS EQUIPMENT 90 70 120 TOTAL1 MANUFACTURING 110 DURABLE DEFENSE AND SPACE EQUIPMENT 80 100 NONDURABLE 90 70 80 60 70 140 PERCENT* 86 UTILITIES AND MINING 130 CAPACITY UTILIZATION RATE (TOTAL INDUSTRY) 82 120 78 MINING 110 74 100 UTILITIES 70 90 66 62 80 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 SEE FOOTNOTE 1 TABLE BELOW *SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SOURCE: BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Monthly data seasonally adjusted] Total industrial production 1 Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar r �������� Apr r ��������� May r �������� June r ������� July r �������� Aug p �������� Percent change 2 Index, 2012=100 94.1 97.1 100.0 102.0 105.2 104.1 102.1 104.4 108.6 109.4 109.9 109.5 109.0 110.0 109.7 109.2 109.3 104.5 91.0 91.9 97.5 101.0 101.4 From preceding month ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������������������� ��������������������� 0.7 –.3 –.4 .9 –.4 –.4 .1 –4.4 –12.9 1.0 6.1 3.5 .4 Chart 17 - Sep 2020 Industry production indexes, 2012=100 Capacity utilization rate (output as percent of capacity) 1 Manufacturing From year earlier 5.5 3.1 3.0 2.0 3.1 –1.0 –2.0 2.3 3.9 .8 .3 –.2 –.8 –.4 –.8 –.8 –.2 –4.7 –16.5 –15.9 –10.7 –7.4 –7.7 Total 1 94.7 97.5 100.0 100.9 102.0 101.5 100.7 102.7 105.0 104.8 105.2 104.5 103.9 104.9 105.1 105.0 104.9 99.6 83.6 86.9 93.4 97.0 97.9 Durable 89.2 94.7 100.0 102.1 105.1 103.9 101.7 104.0 107.5 108.2 108.9 107.8 106.6 108.8 108.5 107.9 108.1 99.7 77.8 83.3 93.4 99.5 100.2 Nondurable 99.8 99.9 100.0 100.0 99.3 99.6 100.4 102.3 104.3 103.5 103.6 103.3 103.4 103.2 104.0 104.3 104.0 101.8 91.5 92.5 95.8 97.2 98.4 Other (non-NAICS) 1 111.3 106.1 100.0 95.0 93.8 90.4 88.0 87.5 78.9 73.2 72.6 72.4 72.2 70.3 69.1 70.5 71.8 66.8 56.3 57.1 57.9 57.3 58.4 Mining 87.2 92.6 100.0 106.3 117.8 113.9 102.6 110.1 123.8 132.7 133.7 133.6 133.4 132.6 133.8 135.2 133.0 130.7 121.2 107.7 111.0 112.5 109.7 Utilities 102.8 102.4 100.0 102.2 103.5 102.7 102.3 101.5 105.9 104.8 104.6 106.1 106.5 109.7 103.4 98.6 102.2 99.1 101.0 100.4 101.7 105.6 105.2 Total industry Total manufacturing 73.5 76.1 76.9 77.2 78.6 76.9 75.0 76.5 78.7 77.8 77.8 77.4 77.0 77.6 77.2 76.9 76.9 73.6 64.1 64.7 68.7 71.1 71.4 70.7 73.5 74.5 74.4 75.2 75.3 74.2 75.1 76.6 75.6 75.7 75.1 74.6 75.2 75.3 75.2 75.2 71.4 59.9 62.2 66.9 69.5 70.2 1 Total industry and total manufacturing series include manufacturing as defined in the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) plus those industries—logging and newspaper, periodical, book and directory-publishing—that have traditionally been included in manufacturing. 2 Percent changes based on unrounded indexes. Note: Data based on NAICS except series as defined in footnote 1. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 17 Industrial Production— Major Market Groups and Selected Manufactures [2012=100; monthly data seasonally adjusted] Products and nonindustrial supplies Materials Final products Nonindustrial supplies Consumer goods Period Equipment Total Total Total 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar r �������� Apr r ��������� May r �������� June r ������� July r �������� Aug p �������� 96.0 98.2 100.0 100.3 101.3 100.8 99.0 100.8 103.4 103.2 103.4 102.6 102.3 104.2 103.3 101.9 102.7 96.7 81.8 85.5 92.8 97.5 98.2 100.3 101.4 100.0 100.7 101.5 102.9 103.5 104.1 106.3 105.3 105.5 104.7 104.7 106.7 105.5 104.6 105.8 100.0 87.1 90.8 98.3 103.2 103.6 Durable goods 94.2 97.7 100.0 105.5 110.7 115.0 117.5 119.3 122.0 120.1 122.2 118.7 115.4 122.5 119.3 121.0 123.6 102.1 60.9 74.2 104.4 120.9 119.4 Nondurable goods 101.9 102.3 100.0 99.5 99.2 99.9 100.0 100.3 102.3 101.5 101.2 101.2 101.9 102.7 102.0 100.4 101.3 99.4 93.5 94.8 96.8 98.8 99.6 Total 1 87.8 92.2 100.0 99.6 101.0 96.6 90.3 94.4 97.8 99.4 99.8 98.8 98.1 99.5 99.3 96.9 96.9 90.4 71.4 75.1 81.9 86.2 87.7 Business 86.1 91.1 100.0 99.9 101.7 99.6 94.4 97.8 101.0 101.4 101.7 100.5 99.7 101.8 101.3 98.4 98.0 90.2 69.3 74.3 83.1 88.6 90.3 Construction Business Total 1 Energy Defense and space 100.9 98.0 100.0 97.2 93.9 91.7 89.1 90.9 93.1 101.7 102.4 103.3 103.6 104.1 105.4 103.4 104.7 102.2 89.9 95.2 97.8 99.2 100.5 96.6 98.0 100.0 102.2 103.9 103.3 104.0 106.8 108.4 108.3 108.5 108.5 108.2 108.5 108.6 109.5 109.8 104.6 91.7 93.7 96.7 98.4 99.6 93.6 95.9 100.0 103.1 106.4 107.1 108.1 111.8 114.9 116.5 117.0 117.1 116.4 116.3 117.5 120.4 120.1 115.5 100.6 104.2 106.6 107.5 108.8 98.0 99.0 100.0 101.8 102.8 101.4 102.0 104.3 105.2 104.1 104.2 104.2 104.1 104.5 104.1 103.8 104.5 98.9 87.0 88.2 91.6 93.8 95.0 91.9 95.9 100.0 103.3 108.5 106.9 103.7 106.5 112.8 115.0 115.6 115.5 114.9 115.3 115.2 115.3 114.6 111.2 98.9 96.7 101.6 104.4 104.1 90.6 94.1 100.0 105.1 114.0 112.6 105.9 110.1 121.3 127.8 128.9 129.6 129.1 129.5 128.1 127.8 127.2 124.5 117.2 107.4 112.3 114.6 112.2 1 Includes other items, not shown separately. [2012=100; monthly data seasonally adjusted] Durable manufactures Computer and electronic products Primary metals Period Total 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar r �������� Apr r ��������� May r �������� June r ������� July r �������� Aug p �������� 95.1 102.0 100.0 103.3 104.0 96.8 92.5 93.7 97.6 96.9 97.1 96.8 94.9 96.4 98.4 98.0 94.5 90.7 70.4 66.8 71.3 74.5 76.1 Iron and steel products 91.8 100.1 100.0 102.1 101.3 91.6 87.4 91.7 96.6 96.8 96.3 96.4 95.3 97.7 100.0 101.4 95.1 90.5 66.0 61.9 66.4 70.2 72.9 Fabricated metal products 90.7 97.1 100.0 101.8 103.6 100.2 96.5 97.9 102.5 103.5 103.5 103.5 103.1 103.1 102.7 102.9 104.0 99.9 88.5 90.8 92.5 92.0 93.4 Nondurable manufactures Machinery Total 82.1 92.5 100.0 95.4 96.7 89.0 82.2 87.9 92.6 92.2 92.6 90.8 90.9 91.5 92.3 90.3 90.2 87.3 70.3 75.0 78.7 81.1 81.9 85.6 92.6 100.0 103.2 107.4 108.1 110.4 115.2 120.9 127.2 127.5 129.4 128.9 130.1 130.8 131.5 133.0 131.8 126.2 124.8 131.3 133.0 134.5 Selected high-technology 1 80.9 91.1 100.0 110.7 122.7 126.7 133.9 137.4 146.1 153.6 155.4 155.5 156.1 159.1 159.5 158.6 156.3 158.3 155.0 154.4 157.9 161.2 163.1 Transportation equipment Total 86.5 90.4 100.0 105.1 111.9 115.0 112.2 112.4 115.1 114.5 116.3 112.3 109.0 116.4 113.4 110.4 111.6 89.1 43.3 58.9 88.1 106.9 106.0 1 Computers and peripheral equipment, communications equipment, and semiconductors and related electronic components. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 18 Motor vehicles and parts 82.7 90.4 100.0 107.2 117.1 123.2 124.8 124.7 129.9 127.0 130.8 123.1 116.2 130.4 123.9 126.7 130.9 92.7 21.5 46.1 101.2 133.3 128.3 Apparel 109.5 102.9 100.0 92.6 88.8 84.3 79.2 71.0 69.0 60.6 60.0 60.6 59.7 58.5 58.4 56.6 57.4 52.8 34.2 42.4 47.7 46.5 51.3 Printing and related support activities 103.5 101.8 100.0 100.3 98.5 97.5 99.2 99.8 97.6 93.7 93.2 93.4 93.4 93.7 92.7 94.3 96.2 87.9 66.1 72.6 75.8 79.0 79.5 Chemicals 101.3 101.4 100.0 96.6 95.6 95.2 94.7 96.6 100.4 100.5 101.3 100.7 100.6 100.3 100.0 100.2 99.5 99.8 93.7 93.7 94.5 96.1 96.7 Food 100.4 100.2 100.0 102.0 102.9 104.4 106.6 110.8 113.9 115.1 114.4 114.4 115.7 115.6 117.1 116.7 117.0 115.9 104.7 106.9 112.3 112.7 113.7 New Construction [Billions of dollars; monthly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Private Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May ���������� June r ������� July r �������� Aug p �������� Total new construction expenditures 813.0 791.2 854.4 914.6 1,015.3 1,140.2 1,223.7 1,279.8 1,333.2 1,365.1 1,379.0 1,393.3 1,386.8 1,405.5 1,410.3 1,437.7 1,441.1 1,436.7 1,387.9 1,369.4 1,383.6 1,392.7 1,412.8 Residential Total New housing Total 1 509.0 504.8 575.1 643.9 739.2 846.4 926.7 983.3 1,023.0 1,030.7 1,045.8 1,049.6 1,054.2 1,068.4 1,067.7 1,086.4 1,088.8 1,076.3 1,036.6 1,010.7 1,028.3 1,041.7 1,061.4 Federal and State and local Nonresidential 245.7 247.0 273.7 329.6 377.5 431.8 479.4 539.0 557.6 544.4 552.5 555.9 556.7 566.9 572.4 589.1 593.0 588.1 562.3 539.6 553.7 568.3 589.4 Total 131.0 126.1 158.5 208.5 242.8 283.3 315.8 344.2 367.1 360.1 358.1 360.6 362.2 366.8 373.1 382.1 392.8 389.3 361.4 345.5 343.6 358.4 373.3 Lodging 263.3 257.8 301.4 314.3 361.7 414.6 447.3 444.3 465.5 486.3 493.3 493.7 497.6 501.4 495.3 497.3 495.8 488.2 474.3 471.1 474.6 473.4 472.0 Commercial (including farm) Office 11.2 8.4 10.2 13.0 16.3 21.4 26.6 28.1 30.5 31.9 32.0 31.6 32.6 31.4 30.9 31.0 30.4 29.2 28.3 28.0 28.2 28.0 27.9 24.4 23.7 27.4 30.1 38.9 47.9 59.8 59.9 66.8 73.9 76.7 75.1 75.4 74.1 71.4 71.9 72.1 71.3 70.3 69.8 70.1 69.4 69.2 Manufacturing 37.2 39.2 44.3 50.9 60.9 64.5 75.5 84.5 82.8 76.4 76.8 76.7 78.5 79.8 78.1 81.4 80.6 80.8 79.7 80.0 79.8 78.5 77.6 Other 2 40.6 39.8 46.8 51.8 60.1 82.4 78.9 70.0 72.0 79.8 80.3 79.9 78.7 81.9 77.2 76.9 76.6 75.0 71.6 72.8 74.3 75.0 76.6 149.9 146.7 172.6 168.3 185.5 198.5 206.5 201.9 213.4 224.2 227.4 230.5 232.4 234.3 237.7 236.0 236.1 231.8 224.5 220.5 222.2 222.6 220.6 New houses sold New houses for sale at end of period 3 304.0 286.4 279.3 270.7 276.1 293.8 297.0 296.5 310.2 334.4 333.2 343.7 332.6 337.1 342.6 351.3 352.4 360.4 351.3 358.7 355.4 350.9 351.4 1 Includes residential improvements, not shown separately. 2 Includes health care, educational, communication, and power, among other categories not shown separately. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of the Census). New Private Housing and Vacancy Rates [Thousands of units or houses, except as noted] New housing units authorized 2 New housing units started Type of structure Period Total 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 586.9 608.8 780.6 924.9 1,003.3 1,111.8 1,173.8 1,203.0 1,249.9 1,290.0 1 unit 471.2 430.6 535.3 617.6 647.9 714.5 781.5 848.9 875.8 887.7 Type of structure 2–4 units 1 11.4 10.9 11.4 13.6 13.7 11.5 11.5 11.4 13.9 13.4 5 units or more Total 104.3 167.3 233.9 293.7 341.7 385.8 380.8 342.7 360.3 388.9 604.6 624.1 829.7 990.8 1,052.1 1,182.6 1,206.6 1,282.0 1,328.8 1,386.0 1 unit 447.3 418.5 518.7 620.8 640.3 696.0 750.8 820.0 855.3 862.1 2–4 units 5 units or more New housing units completed Vacancy rate for rental housing units (percent) 4 22.0 21.6 25.9 29.0 29.9 32.1 34.8 37.2 39.7 42.6 135.3 184.0 285.1 341.1 382.0 454.5 421.1 424.8 433.8 481.4 651.7 584.9 649.2 764.4 883.8 968.2 1,059.7 1,152.9 1,184.9 1,255.1 323 306 368 429 437 501 561 613 617 683 190 151 150 186 210 232 254 293 346 322 10.2 9.5 8.7 8.3 7.6 7.1 6.9 7.2 6.9 6.8 42 36 48 41 43 43 45 46 33 42 40 45 52 533 501 526 534 474 516 399 426 367 428 378 461 386 1,263 1,123 1,274 1,222 1,312 1,305 1,297 1,280 1,212 1,180 1,245 1,333 1,233 706 726 706 696 731 774 716 612 570 698 841 965 1,011 325 321 321 322 322 325 327 330 323 311 300 291 282 �������������������� 6.8 �������������������� �������������������� 6.4 �������������������� �������������������� 6.6 �������������������� �������������������� 5.7 �������������������� �������������������� Seasonally adjusted annual rates 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May r �������� June r ������� July r �������� Aug p �������� 1,377 1,274 1,340 1,371 1,587 1,617 1,567 1,269 934 1,038 1,265 1,492 1,416 911 906 911 933 1,047 989 1,034 880 679 728 891 981 1,021 ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� 451 357 417 419 520 619 514 376 240 302 367 503 375 1,471 1,437 1,503 1,510 1,457 1,536 1,438 1,356 1,066 1,216 1,258 1,483 1,476 896 900 929 935 940 977 994 884 666 746 840 977 1,038 1 Monthly data do not meet publication standards because tests for identifiable and stable seasonality do not meet reliability standards. 2 Based on approximately 20,100 permit-issuing places beginning with 2014 and 19,300 beginning with 2004. Using the 2004 universe, the total for 2014 is 1,046.4. 3 Seasonally adjusted. 4 Quarterly data are three-month averages. Annual data are averages of quarterly data. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of the Census). 19 Business Sales and Inventories—Manufacturing and Trade In July, according to preliminary estimates, manufacturing and trade sales rose 3.2 percent. In August, manufacturing and trade inventories rose $8.7 billion and retail inventories rose $5.0 billion. In August, retail sales rose 0.1 percent and retail and food services sales rose 0.6 percent. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 2,100 MANUFACTURING AND TRADE INVENTORIES 2,000 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 700 RETAIL INVENTORIES 1,900 600 1,800 550 1,700 500 1,600 450 650 1,500 RETAIL AND FOOD SERVICES SALES RETAIL SALES 400 1,400 MANUFACTURING AND TRADE SALES 350 RATIO* 1.80 1,300 INVENTORY/SALES RATIO 1.70 1,200 1.60 RETAIL 1.50 1,100 1.40 MANUFACTURING AND TRADE 1.30 1.20 1,000 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 *SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 2019 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Millions of dollars, except ratios; seasonally adjusted, except as noted] Manufacturing and trade 1 Period Sales 2 2010 �������������������� 1,088,891 2011 �������������������� 1,206,661 2012 �������������������� 1,267,248 2013 �������������������� 1,303,229 2014 �������������������� 1,340,932 2015 �������������������� 1,294,787 2016 �������������������� 1,285,806 2017 �������������������� 1,349,179 2018 �������������������� 1,431,072 2019 �������������������� 1,453,311 2019: July r �������� 1,458,222 r Aug ��������� 1,458,929 Sept ��������� 1,454,669 Oct ����������� 1,453,569 Nov ���������� 1,460,383 Dec ����������� 1,460,174 2020: Jan ����������� 1,468,389 Feb ����������� 1,460,413 Mar ���������� 1,384,176 Apr ����������� 1,184,954 May ���������� 1,285,801 June r ������� 1,396,172 July r �������� 1,441,412 p Aug �������� ����������������������� Inventories 3 Inventory/sales ratio 4 Wholesale Sales 2 1,449,943 1.27 361,447 1,565,507 1.26 407,090 1,654,631 1.28 434,002 1,718,588 1.29 447,546 1,779,034 1.31 463,682 1,809,516 1.39 441,036 1,838,756 1.42 435,168 1,897,688 1.38 462,419 1,990,841 1.36 494,954 2,028,040 1.39 497,530 2,033,707 1.39 499,320 2,030,859 1.39 498,758 2,027,535 1.39 498,259 2,029,703 1.40 494,479 2,026,330 1.39 500,216 2,028,040 1.39 498,316 2,022,853 1.38 504,733 2,013,829 1.38 500,955 2,007,046 1.45 475,572 1,979,748 1.67 397,676 1,933,282 1.50 420,440 1,912,335 1.37 458,074 1,914,580 1.33 479,151 1,923,259 ����������������������� ����������������������� Inventories 3 Retail Inventory/sales ratio 4 441,609 1.15 487,381 1.15 523,147 1.17 544,044 1.19 576,183 1.22 583,909 1.33 595,265 1.35 613,124 1.30 653,268 1.28 664,316 1.34 669,812 1.34 670,170 1.34 664,751 1.33 664,657 1.34 664,584 1.33 664,316 1.33 660,230 1.31 655,712 1.31 648,727 1.36 650,023 1.63 642,489 1.53 634,233 1.38 633,477 1.32 636,957 ����������������������� 1 See page 21 for manufacturing. 2 Annual data are averages of monthly not seasonally adjusted figures; monthly data are seasonally adjusted totals for month. 3 Seasonally adjusted, end of period. 4 Annual data are averages of seasonally adjusted monthly ratios. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of the Census). 20 Sales 2 318,171 341,913 358,519 371,538 386,620 393,833 404,413 421,096 439,122 454,351 457,118 459,449 457,277 459,978 460,760 460,512 464,062 461,914 438,221 382,734 448,788 479,823 482,372 482,882 Inventories 3 454,562 471,186 506,218 544,749 562,395 590,050 613,159 627,767 656,915 663,703 669,579 667,177 667,492 669,043 663,932 663,703 663,743 661,689 669,293 643,856 603,858 587,749 594,704 599,748 Chart 20 - Sep 2020 Retail and food Inventory/sales services sales 2 ratio 4 1.39 1.35 1.38 1.41 1.43 1.46 1.50 1.48 1.46 1.47 1.46 1.45 1.46 1.45 1.44 1.44 1.43 1.43 1.53 1.68 1.35 1.22 1.23 1.24 357,081 383,192 402,199 416,814 434,638 445,791 459,182 478,734 500,135 518,167 521,831 524,058 522,261 524,853 525,014 525,467 529,616 527,273 483,949 412,766 488,218 529,962 534,558 537,526 Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders In August, manufacturers’ shipments, inventories, and new orders rose, while unfilled orders fell. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 620 540 500 460 420 380 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 740 INVENTORIES 700 660 620 TOTAL 580 540 500 460 DURABLE GOODS 420 SHIPMENTS TOTAL 340 300 NONDURABLE GOODS 380 260 340 220 DURABLE GOODS 300 180 260 140 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 620 540 500 460 420 380 NONDURABLE GOODS 220 180 NEW ORDERS RATIO* 1.80 TOTAL 1.70 340 INVENTORY/SHIPMENTS RATIO 1.60 300 DURABLE GOODS 1.50 260 1.40 220 1.30 180 1.20 1.10 140 2017 2016 2019 2018 2020 2016 2017 2019 2018 *SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS Manufacturers’ shipments 1 Manufacturers’ inventories 2 Manufacturers’ new orders 1 Chart 21- Sep 2020 Durable goods Period Total Durable goods 2020 Nondurable goods Total Durable goods Nondurable goods Total Total Capital goods industries, nondefense Manufacturers’ unfilled orders 2 Manufacturers’ inventory/ shipments ratio 3 Millions of dollars, seasonally adjusted, except as noted 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May ���������� June ��������� July r �������� Aug p �������� 409,273 457,658 474,727 484,145 490,630 459,918 446,225 465,664 496,996 501,430 500,722 499,133 499,112 499,407 501,346 499,594 497,544 470,383 404,544 416,573 458,275 479,889 481,280 190,059 206,591 218,965 224,651 233,077 231,002 226,090 231,210 247,019 248,483 247,740 246,406 245,932 245,475 245,495 245,405 247,276 233,588 189,742 197,483 227,502 244,876 244,332 219,214 251,067 255,762 259,495 257,553 228,916 220,135 234,454 249,977 252,947 252,982 252,727 253,180 253,932 255,851 254,189 250,268 236,795 214,802 219,090 230,773 235,013 236,948 553,772 606,940 625,266 629,795 640,456 635,557 630,332 656,797 680,658 700,021 693,512 695,292 696,003 697,814 700,021 698,880 696,428 689,026 685,869 686,935 690,353 686,399 686,554 321,393 352,820 367,542 370,683 388,025 391,580 373,597 386,217 406,409 423,216 417,459 419,315 420,484 421,928 423,216 422,892 422,492 424,651 424,744 424,813 424,468 420,990 420,390 232,379 254,120 257,724 259,112 252,431 243,977 256,735 270,580 274,249 276,805 276,053 275,977 275,519 275,886 276,805 275,988 273,936 264,375 261,125 262,122 265,885 265,409 266,164 407,992 459,305 475,809 485,611 493,833 453,290 439,112 463,743 495,928 494,705 497,000 494,440 494,737 489,169 497,703 495,606 496,463 441,815 382,304 411,695 438,247 466,927 470,135 188,778 208,238 220,047 226,116 236,280 224,374 218,977 229,289 245,951 241,759 244,018 241,713 241,557 235,237 241,852 241,417 246,195 205,020 167,502 192,605 207,474 231,914 233,187 62,309 71,753 77,674 80,844 81,410 71,502 66,659 71,885 75,740 70,547 70,504 68,551 70,376 68,696 63,364 70,455 71,483 46,151 49,398 62,334 52,665 58,475 63,058 870,463 953,635 1,014,225 1,075,752 1,160,052 1,128,338 1,091,433 1,122,263 1,165,974 1,144,546 1,148,225 1,148,432 1,149,040 1,143,494 1,144,546 1,145,310 1,149,055 1,125,179 1,107,812 1,107,813 1,092,630 1,084,809 1,078,631 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.29 1.31 1.39 1.41 1.38 1.35 1.38 1.39 1.39 1.39 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.40 1.46 1.70 1.65 1.51 1.43 1.43 1 Annual data are averages of monthly not seasonally adjusted figures; monthly data are seasonally adjusted totals for month. Shipments are the same as sales. 2 Seasonally adjusted, end of period. 3 Annual data are averages of seasonally adjusted monthly ratios. Note: Manufacturers’ nondurable new orders (not shown) are the same as nondurable shipments. Also, there are no unfilled nondurable orders; data shown for total unfilled orders are durable unfilled orders. Total and durable shipments and inventories include data on semiconductors; new and unfilled orders do not. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of the Census). 21 PRICES Producer Prices The producer price index for final demand rose 0.3 percent in August. Prices for final demand goods rose 0.1 percent and prices for final demand services rose 0.5 percent. INDEX, NOV. 2009=100 (RATIO SCALE) INDEX, NOV. 2009=100 (RATIO SCALE) 125 125 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED FINAL DEMAND 120 120 FINAL DEMAND SERVICES 115 115 110 110 FINAL DEMAND FINAL DEMAND GOODS 105 105 100 100 95 95 2014 2015 2016 2018 2017 2019 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF LABOR [November 2009=100, except as noted; monthly data seasonally adjusted] Final demand goods Period Rel. imp. 4 ����������� 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr r ��������� May ���������� June ��������� July ���������� Aug ���������� Total final demand 1 100.0 101.8 105.7 107.7 109.1 110.9 109.9 110.4 113.0 116.2 118.2 118.6 118.3 118.7 118.6 118.9 119.2 118.6 118.1 116.6 117.5 117.3 118.0 118.4 Total 32.726 102.8 109.9 111.7 112.6 114.0 109.1 107.6 111.2 115.0 115.5 115.3 115.1 115.7 116.0 116.2 116.5 115.4 113.7 110.3 112.3 112.5 113.4 113.5 Foods 2 5.742 103.7 112.5 115.9 117.8 121.6 118.4 115.1 116.5 116.7 118.9 117.9 118.4 120.0 121.6 121.3 121.5 119.3 119.2 118.6 125.8 119.2 118.6 118.1 Energy 5.343 107.2 126.2 126.3 125.3 124.2 98.6 90.4 99.8 110.0 105.0 104.5 103.0 104.9 104.8 106.0 106.4 102.3 93.0 76.1 80.9 87.1 91.7 91.6 Final demand services Less food and energy 21.641 101.4 104.9 106.8 107.9 109.5 109.9 110.7 113.2 116.0 117.6 117.7 117.6 117.7 117.8 117.8 118.1 118.2 118.2 117.9 117.8 117.9 118.3 118.6 Total 65.540 101.3 103.4 105.4 107.1 109.0 110.0 111.5 113.5 116.5 119.1 119.8 119.5 119.7 119.4 119.8 120.1 119.7 119.8 119.3 119.6 119.2 119.8 120.4 Trade 3 20.290 101.7 104.0 106.7 108.2 110.2 111.6 113.1 114.8 116.9 119.7 121.2 120.1 120.7 119.3 120.0 120.3 119.5 120.6 121.7 122.8 120.6 121.6 123.0 Transportation and warehousing 4.707 103.2 110.0 114.2 115.3 117.7 115.3 113.5 115.9 122.0 125.5 125.7 125.5 126.0 125.7 127.7 126.0 125.7 122.0 117.8 118.8 119.9 119.0 119.2 Other 40.543 100.9 102.5 103.9 105.8 107.5 108.7 110.6 112.8 115.8 118.2 118.7 118.7 118.7 118.8 118.9 119.5 119.2 119.3 118.3 118.2 118.5 119.0 119.4 Processed goods Final for intermediate demand demand (1982=100) less foods, energy, Less and food trade Total and (Aug. 2013 energy =100) 2 68.625 ���������������� ���������������� ���������������� ���������������� 101.5 102.1 103.3 105.4 108.4 110.6 110.9 110.9 110.9 111.0 111.2 111.5 111.4 111.2 110.3 110.3 110.6 110.9 111.2 100.0 183.4 199.9 200.7 200.8 201.9 188.0 182.2 190.7 200.9 198.1 196.6 196.4 196.9 197.3 197.2 196.9 195.2 192.2 185.3 186.0 187.7 190.5 191.6 73.010 180.8 192.0 192.6 193.8 195.2 189.4 186.9 193.3 201.8 201.1 200.0 199.7 200.2 199.8 199.4 199.6 199.4 199.0 196.1 195.0 195.9 196.9 197.8 Unprocessed goods Chart 22 - Sep 2020 for intermediate demand (1982=100) Services for intermediNonfood ate materials demand Total less energy 100.0 212.2 249.4 241.4 246.7 249.3 189.1 173.4 190.8 200.1 185.9 180.4 180.4 181.0 186.6 188.9 186.9 174.3 159.4 137.0 150.1 154.7 153.6 164.3 22.164 329.1 390.4 369.6 351.2 345.7 296.0 288.0 324.1 340.7 323.4 319.6 316.6 314.1 313.9 323.6 339.9 335.0 339.0 326.3 327.2 330.9 331.8 337.6 1 Includes final demand construction, not shown separately. 2 Does not include food and beverages for immediate consumption, which are defined as the service of preparing meals, snacks, and beverages to customer order for immediate consumption. 3 Trade indexes measure changes in margins received by wholesalers and retailers. 4 Relative importance, December 2019. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 22 100.0 101.1 103.2 105.3 107.2 108.9 110.2 112.1 115.0 118.6 121.4 122.1 122.3 121.6 121.5 122.1 122.3 122.0 122.1 120.0 119.5 119.7 120.5 121.4 Consumer Prices—All Urban Consumers In August, the consumer price index for all urban consumers rose 0.4 percent; it rose 0.3 percent before seasonal adjustment. The index rose 1.3 percent from its year-earlier level. INDEX, 1982-84 = 100 (RATIO SCALE) 280 INDEX, 1982-84 = 100 (RATIO SCALE) 280 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED 270 270 260 260 250 250 CONSUMER PRICES—ALL ITEMS 240 240 230 230 220 220 210 210 200 200 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF LABOR 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [1982–84=100, except as noted; monthly data seasonally adjusted, except as noted by NSA] All items Period Rel. imp. 4 ����������� 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May ���������� June ��������� July ���������� Aug ���������� Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted (NSA) 100.0 218.056 224.939 229.594 232.957 236.736 237.017 240.007 245.120 251.107 255.657 256.558 256.759 257.346 257.208 256.974 257.971 258.678 258.115 256.389 256.394 257.797 259.101 259.918 ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� 256.294 256.593 257.229 257.824 258.444 258.820 259.050 257.953 255.902 255.768 257.214 258.723 259.681 All items less food and energy Total 1 79.695 221.337 225.008 229.755 233.806 237.897 242.247 247.602 252.169 257.565 263.211 264.180 264.682 264.987 265.501 265.832 266.476 267.070 266.795 265.601 265.441 266.065 267.715 268.747 Shelter 33.378 248.396 251.646 257.083 263.056 270.513 278.803 288.230 297.803 307.663 318.053 319.406 320.381 320.817 321.622 322.262 323.414 324.439 324.570 324.471 325.128 325.539 326.304 326.745 Medical care 2 8.984 388.436 400.258 414.924 425.134 435.292 446.752 463.675 475.322 484.707 498.413 501.174 502.455 506.695 508.362 510.679 511.579 512.118 514.275 516.350 518.888 521.135 523.255 523.601 Apparel 2.673 119.503 122.111 126.265 127.411 127.514 125.903 126.045 125.612 125.654 124.052 124.783 124.450 122.381 123.075 123.173 123.985 124.524 121.990 116.266 113.598 115.482 116.724 117.450 Food New vehicles 3.744 138.005 141.883 144.232 145.783 146.275 147.135 147.358 146.992 146.287 146.834 146.975 146.858 146.776 146.558 146.690 146.736 146.898 146.287 146.225 146.671 146.744 147.898 147.935 Energy Total 1 At home Away from home 14.133 219.625 227.842 233.777 237.037 242.725 247.235 247.931 250.065 253.558 258.316 258.463 258.930 259.454 259.799 260.199 260.738 261.696 262.588 266.493 268.417 270.044 268.937 269.130 7.853 215.836 226.201 231.774 233.869 239.456 242.250 239.065 238.589 239.661 241.775 241.244 241.521 242.034 242.296 242.399 242.572 243.749 244.960 251.271 253.789 255.505 252.687 252.439 6.279 226.114 231.401 237.986 243.068 248.981 256.101 262.695 268.826 275.893 284.410 285.507 286.246 286.791 287.255 288.078 289.137 289.781 290.216 290.639 291.709 293.219 294.599 295.437 Total 1, 2 6.172 211.449 243.909 246.080 244.409 243.583 202.895 189.535 204.540 219.941 215.294 213.866 212.215 215.917 217.639 221.132 219.561 215.139 202.700 182.148 178.787 187.970 192.752 194.430 Chart 23 - Sep 2020 Gasoline 2.832 238.594 301.694 311.470 302.577 290.889 212.007 187.602 211.770 240.599 232.003 230.488 226.972 233.134 236.012 243.442 239.525 231.454 207.111 164.379 158.630 178.133 188.115 191.838 C-CPI-U (Dec. 1999=100, NSA) 3 ������������������� 125.615 129.453 131.976 ������������������� ������������������� ������������������� ������������������� ������������������� ������������������� ������������������� 144.388 144.428 144.722 144.613 144.437 144.995 145.390 145.005 143.847 143.800 144.651 145.405 145.853 1 Includes other items not shown separately. 2 Commodities and services. 3 Chained consumer price index (C-CPI-U) reflects the effect of substitution that consumers make across item categories in response to changes in relative prices. 4 Relative importance, July 2020. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 23 Changes in Producer Prices [Percent change from preceding period; monthly data seasonally adjusted, except as noted by NSA] Processed goods Unprocessed goods Change from year earlier Final for intermediate for intermediate (NSA) demand demand demand Services less for foods, intermeTransporLess Nonfood energy, diate tation food Total Final Final materials and demand Trade and Other Total and Total final demand demand less trade wareenergy demand goods services energy housing Final demand goods Period Total final demand 1 Total Foods Energy Final demand services Less food and energy Total Change, December to December, NSA 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2.8 3.2 1.9 1.2 .9 –1.1 1.7 2.5 2.6 1.4 4.7 4.7 1.4 .8 –1.2 –3.8 1.9 3.5 1.6 1.0 5.3 5.7 4.1 –.8 4.4 –5.2 –1.6 2.0 2.8 1.2 12.7 9.2 –1.3 .9 –13.2 –16.4 6.3 10.1 –3.1 2.4 2.4 3.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 –.1 1.7 2.2 2.6 .6 1.7 2.3 2.2 1.3 2.1 .2 1.6 2.1 3.0 1.4 2.1 2.3 3.8 –.4 4.0 .0 1.0 1.8 3.1 .8 4.3 6.7 2.7 2.0 .8 –3.5 1.1 2.3 6.5 2.2 1.3 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.4 .8 2.0 2.3 2.6 1.8 ����������� ����������� ����������� ����������� 1.3 .3 1.8 2.3 2.8 1.5 6.4 5.7 .4 .1 –2.6 –6.6 1.8 5.0 2.8 –1.7 4.7 3.8 .6 .7 –.1 –3.8 1.6 3.6 3.5 –1.8 16.1 6.6 1.4 –1.9 –8.7 –25.3 13.0 5.0 3.7 –7.3 27.6 2.4 –1.6 –5.6 –5.3 –18.5 13.7 8.5 2.9 –5.0 0.1 .0 .0 .1 .2 .3 –.1 –.2 –.8 .0 .3 .3 .3 –0.5 –.1 .3 .2 –.1 –.2 –.9 –1.5 –3.6 .4 .9 1.5 .6 –0.3 –.2 .3 –.2 –.2 .1 –.1 –.2 –1.5 –.6 .5 .5 .5 –1.6 .0 .3 3.1 1.2 –1.1 –6.7 –8.5 –14.1 9.6 3.1 –.7 7.0 –0.6 –.9 –.8 –.1 3.1 5.0 –1.4 1.2 –3.7 .3 1.1 .3 1.7 1.4 ����������� ����������� ������������ 2.0 3.8 6.9 2.1 2.9 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.0 1.3 .8 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.8 .5 –.9 –4.3 .9 2.6 .5 –1.4 1.4 2.9 2.4 3.3 1.8 3.1 2.8 3.4 2.6 1.7 1.7 .4 2.2 Change, month to month 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr r ��������� May r �������� June ��������� July ���������� Aug ���������� 0.1 –.3 .3 –.1 .3 .3 –.5 –.4 –1.3 .8 –.2 .6 .3 –0.3 –.2 .5 .3 .2 .3 –.9 –1.5 –3.0 1.8 .2 .8 .1 –0.6 .4 1.4 1.3 –.2 .2 –1.8 –.1 –.5 6.1 –5.2 –.5 –.4 –1.4 –1.4 1.8 –.1 1.1 .4 –3.9 –9.1 –18.2 6.3 7.7 5.3 –.1 0.0 –.1 .1 .1 .0 .3 .1 .0 –.3 –.1 .1 .3 .3 0.3 –.3 .2 –.3 .3 .3 –.3 .1 –.4 .3 –.3 .5 .5 0.9 –.9 .5 –1.2 .6 .3 –.7 .9 .9 .9 –1.8 .8 1.2 –0.2 –.2 .4 –.2 1.6 –1.3 –.2 –2.9 –3.4 .8 .9 –.8 .2 0.2 .0 .0 .1 .1 .5 –.3 .1 –.8 –.1 .3 .4 .3 0.4 .2 –.6 –.1 .5 .2 –.2 .1 –1.7 –.4 .2 .7 .7 1.9 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.4 2.0 1.1 .3 –1.5 –.8 –.8 –.4 –.2 –.1 –.5 –.6 .2 1.0 1.8 .6 –1.7 –5.2 –3.3 –2.6 –2.0 –1.6 2.7 2.3 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.3 .3 .3 –.1 .3 .4 1 Includes final demand construction, not shown separately. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). Changes in Consumer Prices—All Urban Consumers [Percent change from preceding period; monthly data seasonally adjusted, except as noted by NSA] All items less food and energy Period All items 1 Total 1 Shelter Medical care 2 Apparel Food New vehicles Total 1 At home Addendum: All items, percent change (annual rate) Energy Away from home Total 1, 2 Gasoline C-CPI-U (NSA) 3 From previous quarter 4 From 3 months earlier From 6 months earlier From year earlier (NSA) Change, December to December, NSA 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 1.5 3.0 1.7 1.5 .8 .7 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.3 0.8 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.3 0.4 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2 2.0 3.0 2.6 4.1 1.8 2.0 4.6 –1.1 4.6 1.8 .6 –2.0 –.9 –.1 –1.6 –.1 –1.2 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May ���������� June ��������� July ���������� Aug ���������� 0.1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 –.4 –.8 –.1 .6 .6 .4 0.2 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .2 –.1 –.4 –.1 .2 .6 .4 0.2 .3 .1 .3 .2 .4 .3 .0 .0 .2 .1 .2 .1 0.6 .3 .8 .3 .5 .2 .1 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .1 0.1 –.3 –1.7 .6 .1 .7 .4 –2.0 –4.7 –2.3 1.7 1.1 .6 –0.2 3.2 1.6 .4 .5 .2 .3 –.5 –.3 .1 1.5 4.7 1.8 1.1 3.4 .8 –.2 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 6.0 1.3 .4 3.7 –.4 –2.0 .9 .6 .7 1.3 2.9 2.5 2.1 3.0 2.6 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.1 7.7 6.6 .5 .5 –10.6 –12.6 5.4 6.9 –.3 3.4 13.8 9.9 1.7 –1.0 –21.0 –19.7 9.1 10.7 –2.1 7.9 1.3 2.9 1.5 1.3 .5 .4 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.9 ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� �������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� ������������� 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.5 1.6 .1 1.3 2.1 2.4 1.8 –0.1 .1 .2 .1 .0 .1 .5 .5 2.6 1.0 .7 –1.1 –.1 0.2 .3 .2 .2 .3 .4 .2 .2 .1 .4 .5 .5 .3 –1.4 –.8 1.7 .8 1.6 –.7 –2.0 –5.8 –10.1 –1.8 5.1 2.5 .9 –2.4 –1.5 2.7 1.2 3.1 –1.6 –3.4 –10.5 –20.6 –3.5 12.3 5.6 2.0 0.0 .0 .2 –.1 –.1 .4 .3 –.3 –.8 .0 .6 .5 .3 ������������� 1.8 ������������� ������������� 2.4 ������������� ������������� 1.2 ������������� ������������� –3.5 ������������� ������������� 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.4 2.9 2.5 1.9 –.8 –4.4 –5.0 –1.1 4.5 6.3 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.1 2.2 1.1 –1.0 –1.6 –.9 –.1 .5 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.3 1.5 .3 .1 .6 1.0 1.3 Change, month to month –0.1 –.1 –.1 –.1 .1 .0 .1 –.4 .0 .3 .0 .8 .0 0.0 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .4 .3 1.5 .7 .6 –.4 .1 1 Includes other items not shown separately. 2 Commodities and services. 3 Chained consumer price index (C-CPI-U) reflects the effect of substitution that consumers make across item categories in response to changes in relative prices. 4 Quarterly changes are shown in the last month of the quarter. Source: Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). 24 Prices Received and Paid by Farmers In August, prices received by farmers rose 1.0 percent and prices paid by farmers rose 0.2 percent. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) INDEX, 2011=100 (RATIO SCALE) 130 INDEX, 2011=100 (RATIO SCALE) 130 120 120 PRICES PAID 110 110 100 100 90 90 80 80 PRICES RECEIVED 70 70 60 60 RATIO1 RATIO1 140 140 120 120 RATIO 100 100 80 80 60 60 2012 2014 2013 2015 2016 2018 2017 2020 2019 1RATIO OF INDEX OF PRICES RECEIVED TO INDEX OF PRICES PAID. SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [2011=100; not seasonally adjusted] Prices received by farmers 1 Period 2010 ��������������������������������������������������� 2011 ��������������������������������������������������� 2012 ��������������������������������������������������� 2013 ��������������������������������������������������� 2014 ��������������������������������������������������� 2015 ��������������������������������������������������� 2016 ��������������������������������������������������� 2017 ��������������������������������������������������� 2018 ��������������������������������������������������� 2019 ��������������������������������������������������� 2019: Aug ����������������������������������������� Sept r ��������������������������������������� Oct r ����������������������������������������� Nov ����������������������������������������� Dec ������������������������������������������ 2020: Jan ������������������������������������������ Feb r ���������������������������������������� Mar r ��������������������������������������� Apr r ���������������������������������������� May ����������������������������������������� June ���������������������������������������� July r ��������������������������������������� Aug p ��������������������������������������� Agricultural production 86.8 100.0 105.0 107.0 107.9 99.2 90.2 93.4 90.5 90.8 91.5 88.0 86.0 90.3 91.1 88.9 90.6 93.4 85.1 88.3 89.2 87.4 88.3 Crop production 87.0 100.0 107.0 105.7 92.3 87.0 85.5 86.2 86.1 86.3 89.2 88.5 83.1 85.1 86.0 82.5 86.4 89.0 92.8 94.9 91.8 89.9 92.5 Chart 25 - Sep 2020 Prices paid by farmers Livestock production 85.7 100.0 102.5 108.5 128.7 113.4 94.4 100.1 94.2 95.7 93.7 87.3 90.6 97.1 97.1 98.5 94.7 97.4 78.4 82.6 86.7 84.5 84.1 All commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates (PPITW) 2 90.0 100.0 104.4 106.3 112.0 110.7 105.8 106.5 109.1 110.5 109.9 109.6 110.4 110.6 110.9 111.4 111.1 110.1 108.9 108.9 109.2 109.7 109.9 Production items, interest, taxes, and wage rates (PITW) 89.0 100.0 104.8 106.7 113.1 111.6 105.7 106.2 108.7 110.0 109.2 108.8 109.7 110.0 110.3 110.8 110.4 109.4 108.1 108.0 108.3 108.8 109.0 Production items 87.7 100.0 105.4 107.4 114.1 112.0 104.7 104.5 106.4 107.2 106.2 105.8 106.7 107.1 107.4 107.6 107.1 105.9 104.5 104.5 104.8 105.4 105.6 Ratio of prices received by farmers to PPITW 96 100 100 100 96 90 85 87 83 82 83 80 78 81 82 80 82 85 78 81 82 79 80 1 Annual indexes for 2011 forward reflect revised methodology. See Agricultural Price Program Update, January 2015 for details. 2 Includes items not shown separately. Note: These indexes are also available on a 1910-14=100 basis, as required by statute. Source: Department of Agriculture (National Agricultural Statistics Service). 25 MONEY, CREDIT, AND SECURITY MARKETS Money Stock and Debt Measures In August, M2 rose. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 20,000 18,000 17,000 16,000 15,000 14,000 13,200 12,400 11,600 10,800 10,000 9,200 20,000 18,000 17,000 16,000 15,000 14,000 13,200 12,400 11,600 10,800 10,000 9,200 M2 8,400 8,400 7,600 7,600 6,800 6,800 6,000 6,000 5,200 4,800 4,400 5,200 4,800 4,400 4,000 4,000 M1 3,600 3,600 3,200 3,200 2,800 2,800 2,400 2,400 2,000 2,000 1,600 1,600 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 *AVERAGES OF DAILY FIGURES; SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SOURCE: BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Averages of daily figures, except debt end-of-period basis; billions of dollars, seasonally adjusted] Period 2010: Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2011: Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2012: Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2013: Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2014: Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2015: Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2016: Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2017: Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2018: Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2019: Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2019: Aug r ���������������������������������������� Sept r ��������������������������������������� Oct r ����������������������������������������� Nov r ���������������������������������������� Dec r ���������������������������������������� 2020: Jan r ���������������������������������������� Feb r ���������������������������������������� Mar r ��������������������������������������� Apr r ���������������������������������������� May r ��������������������������������������� June r �������������������������������������� July r ��������������������������������������� Aug p ��������������������������������������� M1 M2 Debt Sum of currency, demand deposits, travelers checks, and other checkable deposits M1 plus savings deposits, retail MMMF balances, and small time deposits 1 Debt of domestic nonfinancial sectors 2 1,836.7 2,164.2 2,461.2 2,664.5 2,940.3 3,093.8 3,339.8 3,607.3 3,746.4 3,976.9 3,853.2 3,903.0 3,922.8 3,947.4 3,976.9 3,975.1 4,003.2 4,256.6 4,797.6 5,032.1 5,210.3 5,329.8 5,395.0 8,789.3 9,651.1 10,445.7 11,015.0 11,668.0 12,330.1 13,198.9 13,835.7 14,351.7 15,307.1 14,933.3 15,022.9 15,149.8 15,251.2 15,307.1 15,402.1 15,446.9 15,989.9 17,020.9 17,870.4 18,166.7 18,327.0 18,411.7 37,524.1 38,749.3 40,395.8 41,954.9 43,488.7 45,204.6 47,172.4 49,277.9 51,894.0 54,333.1 ��������������������������������������������� 53,888.3 ��������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������� 54,333.1 ��������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������� 55,781.6 ��������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������� 59,303.6 ��������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������� Percent change From previous period 4 From year or 6 months earlier 3 M1 M2 8.5 17.8 13.7 8.3 10.4 5.2 8.0 8.0 3.9 6.2 5.0 9.3 7.5 8.2 7.5 6.1 7.8 18.1 44.6 55.0 62.0 68.2 69.5 Chart 26 - Sep 2020 Debt 3.6 9.8 8.2 5.5 5.9 5.7 7.0 4.8 3.7 6.7 6.5 7.0 8.1 8.1 7.1 7.3 6.9 12.9 24.7 34.3 37.4 38.0 38.4 4.5 3.7 4.6 4.1 3.8 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.7 4.7 ������������������������������� 5.9 ������������������������������� ������������������������������� 3.3 ������������������������������� ������������������������������� 10.7 ������������������������������� ������������������������������� 25.3 ������������������������������� ������������������������������� 1 Money market mutual fund (MMMF). Savings deposits include money market deposit accounts (MMDA). 2 Consists of outstanding credit market debt of the U.S. Government, State and local governments, and private nonfinancial sectors; data from flow of funds accounts. Quarterly data shown in last month of quarter. End-of-year data are for fourth quarter. 3 Annual changes are from December to December and monthly changes are from 6 months earlier at a simple annual rate. 4 Debt growth of domestic nonfinancial sectors is the seasonally adjusted borrowing flow divided by the seasonally adjusted level of debt outstanding in the previous period. Annual changes are from fourth quarter to fourth quarter; quarterly changes are from previous quarter at an annual rate. Note: See p. 27 for components. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 26 Components of Money Stock [Averages of daily figures; billions of dollars, seasonally adjusted] Period 2010: Dec ����������� 2011: Dec ����������� 2012: Dec ����������� 2013: Dec ����������� 2014: Dec ����������� 2015: Dec ����������� 2016: Dec ����������� 2017: Dec ����������� 2018: Dec ����������� 2019: Dec ����������� 2019: Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan r ��������� Feb r ��������� Mar r �������� Apr r ��������� May r �������� June r ������� July r �������� Aug p �������� Currency 918.8 1,001.6 1,090.7 1,160.7 1,253.2 1,339.5 1,420.9 1,525.0 1,624.8 1,710.9 1,674.3 1,685.0 1,693.4 1,703.3 1,710.9 1,720.7 1,723.5 1,744.7 1,780.3 1,818.5 1,855.8 1,884.1 1,912.5 Nonbank travelers checks Other checkable deposits (OCDs) Demand deposits At commercial banks Total 4.7 4.3 3.8 3.5 2.9 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.7 ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� 516.5 751.3 926.8 1,033.8 1,199.3 1,237.1 1,369.6 1,487.0 1,492.9 1,592.0 1,521.1 1,553.8 1,562.8 1,579.7 1,592.0 1,580.6 1,602.0 1,813.3 2,032.3 2,151.1 2,212.1 2,251.9 2,285.8 396.7 407.1 439.8 466.4 484.9 514.8 547.2 593.4 627.0 674.0 657.8 664.2 666.5 664.3 674.0 673.8 677.7 698.6 985.1 1,062.6 1,142.4 1,193.8 1,196.7 At thrift institutions 233.3 231.1 243.2 255.6 265.2 276.6 288.8 306.4 333.4 367.2 358.1 364.4 365.0 362.5 367.2 364.8 367.9 377.2 369.9 408.2 469.7 481.8 477.6 163.4 176.0 196.7 210.7 219.7 238.2 258.4 287.0 293.6 306.8 299.7 299.8 301.5 301.8 306.8 309.1 309.8 321.4 615.2 654.3 672.7 712.1 719.2 Savings deposits (including MMDAs) Small-denomination time deposits 1 Total At commercial banks At commercial banks 5,331.5 6,033.6 6,683.3 7,128.2 7,573.0 8,169.7 8,814.5 9,110.3 9,260.9 9,765.9 9,542.1 9,568.7 9,656.5 9,724.7 9,765.9 9,875.7 9,924.3 10,202.1 10,638.5 11,237.2 11,391.5 11,483.6 11,548.4 4,412.3 5,037.6 5,727.5 6,108.1 6,495.8 7,026.4 7,556.1 7,813.1 7,926.3 8,418.2 8,203.4 8,228.6 8,308.0 8,378.2 8,418.2 8,527.2 8,566.7 8,802.7 9,443.9 9,977.8 10,103.3 10,193.0 10,239.8 At thrift institutions 919.2 996.0 955.8 1,020.1 1,077.2 1,143.3 1,258.4 1,297.2 1,334.5 1,347.7 1,338.7 1,340.1 1,348.5 1,346.5 1,347.7 1,348.5 1,357.7 1,399.4 1,194.6 1,259.4 1,288.2 1,290.7 1,308.6 Total 934.4 776.9 645.8 570.4 523.4 413.2 353.3 414.2 532.9 582.8 605.5 602.1 596.7 590.4 582.8 568.5 539.0 508.2 485.4 462.4 428.3 394.4 362.9 663.9 548.3 469.0 425.9 391.4 302.6 251.6 302.5 425.4 458.7 480.8 476.8 471.2 465.2 458.7 451.0 429.5 406.7 390.9 370.5 340.1 308.8 279.0 Retail money funds At thrift institutions 270.5 228.6 176.8 144.5 132.0 110.6 101.8 111.7 107.6 124.2 124.8 125.3 125.5 125.2 124.2 117.6 109.5 101.6 94.4 91.9 88.2 85.6 83.9 686.7 676.3 655.4 652.0 631.3 653.3 691.3 703.8 811.5 981.5 932.6 949.1 973.8 988.7 981.5 982.8 980.4 1,022.9 1,099.3 1,138.7 1,136.7 1,119.1 1,105.5 Institutional money funds 2 1,885.1 1,751.2 1,730.4 1,764.7 1,793.4 1,822.5 1,742.3 1,829.4 1,861.9 2,251.8 2,125.5 2,159.6 2,203.7 2,240.5 2,251.8 2,270.0 2,262.3 2,489.1 3,101.2 3,323.7 3,245.0 3,155.1 3,079.3 1 Small-denomination deposits are those issued in amounts of less than $100,000. 2 Institutional money funds are not part of non-M1 M2. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Aggregate Reserves and Monetary Base [Averages of daily figures 1; millions of dollars, not seasonally adjusted] Reserves of depository institutions Reserve balances maintained Period Total 2010: Dec ������������ 2011: Dec ������������ 2012: Dec ������������ 2013: Dec ������������ 2014: Dec ������������ 2015: Dec ������������ 2016: Dec ������������ 2017: Dec ������������ 2018: Dec ������������ 2019: Dec ������������ 2019: Aug ����������� Sept ���������� Oct ������������ Nov ����������� Dec ������������ 2020: Jan ������������ Feb ������������ Mar ����������� Apr ������������ May ����������� June p �������� July p ��������� Aug p ��������� To satisfy reserve balance requirements 2 That exceed the top of the penalty-free band 1,035,074 ������������������ ������������������ 1,550,043 ������������������ ������������������ 1,517,425 ������������������ ������������������ 2,485,248 75,713 2,409,535 2,606,700 90,852 2,515,848 2,419,774 97,981 2,321,793 2,031,007 116,285 1,914,722 2,244,274 135,719 2,108,555 1,691,394 135,698 1,555,696 1,630,090 152,562 1,477,528 1,520,876 147,555 1,373,321 1,439,771 147,498 1,292,273 1,481,513 148,050 1,333,462 1,529,341 154,256 1,375,085 1,630,090 152,562 1,477,528 1,645,384 158,765 1,486,619 1,656,989 151,612 1,505,377 2,045,148 124,147 1,921,000 2,953,586 0 2,953,586 3,217,635 0 3,217,635 3,043,556 0 3,043,556 2,718,529 0 2,718,529 2,799,719 0 2,799,719 Reserve balance requirements 3 28,438 47,838 58,675 69,030 82,770 89,313 105,944 123,720 123,703 138,984 134,639 134,707 134,998 140,705 138,984 144,816 138,370 113,139 0 0 0 0 0 Borrowings from the Federal Reserve Vault cash used to satisfy required reserves 42,927 48,672 52,959 55,771 59,236 61,413 64,280 65,549 68,462 68,255 65,969 65,035 65,623 65,881 68,255 69,835 69,954 54,222 0 0 0 0 0 Nonborrowed 4 1,032,512 1,589,189 1,569,588 2,540,849 2,665,835 2,481,082 2,095,247 2,309,747 1,759,780 1,698,323 1,586,727 1,504,704 1,547,073 1,595,196 1,698,323 1,715,213 1,726,939 2,058,816 2,829,125 3,105,791 2,945,885 2,625,585 2,716,593 Monetary base 5 2,017,000 2,619,586 2,675,945 3,717,450 3,934,455 3,835,810 3,531,565 3,850,969 3,400,747 3,426,464 3,271,378 3,202,668 3,252,807 3,315,551 3,426,464 3,442,569 3,454,474 3,883,155 4,844,940 5,149,527 5,001,978 4,700,365 4,807,394 Total 6 45,488 9,526 795 170 102 106 39 75 76 21 117 101 63 26 21 6 3 40,554 124,461 111,845 97,671 92,943 83,126 Primary Secondary 41 103 12 13 22 38 13 43 18 10 16 15 4 4 10 5 3 19,538 38,299 22,180 8,456 4,670 2,851 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seasonal 26 23 23 59 80 67 25 33 58 11 101 86 59 22 11 1 0 0 0 2 11 26 38 Term assetbacked securities loan facility 7 25,025 9,400 760 98 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 668 2,071 1 Data are prorated averages of biweekly (maintenance period) averages of daily figures. 2 Equals the sum of balances maintained up to the top of each institution’s penalty-free band. 3 Excludes vault cash used to satisfy required reserves. 4 Total reserve balances maintained plus vault cash used to satisfy required reserves less total borrowings from the Federal Reserve. 5 Equals total balances maintained plus currency in circulation (not shown). 6 Includes term auction credit (December 2007 to April 2010), primary dealer and other broker-dealer credit (March 2008 to February 2010), credit extended to American International Group, Inc. (September 2008 to January 2011), asset-backed commercial paper money market mutual fund liquidity facility (September 2008 to February 2010), and other credit extensions, not shown separately. 7 Includes credit extended by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to eligible borrowers through the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility. Note: Data reflect the creation of a penalty-free band around reserve balance requirements which took effect June 27, 2013. See H.3 release of July 11, 2013. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 27 Bank Credit at All Commercial Banks Total commercial bank loans and leases fell 0.4 percent in August. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 16,000 ALL COMMERCIAL BANKS 14,000 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS* (RATIO SCALE) 16,000 14,000 TOTAL 12,000 12,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 LOANS AND LEASES 7,000 7,000 6,000 6,000 5,000 5,000 4,000 4,000 U.S. TREASURY AND AGENCY SECURITIES 3,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 1,600 1,600 1,200 1,200 800 800 OTHER SECURITIES 400 400 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 *SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SOURCE: BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Billions of dollars, seasonally adjusted 1] Securities in bank credit 2 Period 2010: Dec r ��������� 2011: Dec r ��������� 2012: Dec r ��������� 2013: Dec r ��������� 2014: Dec r ��������� 2015: Dec r ��������� 2016: Dec r ��������� 2017: Dec r ��������� 2018: Dec r ��������� 2019: Dec r ��������� 2019: Aug r ��������� Sept r �������� Oct r ���������� Nov r ��������� Dec r ��������� 2020: Jan r ��������� Feb ����������� Mar r �������� Apr r ��������� May r �������� June r ������� July r �������� Aug p �������� Total bank credit 8,982.5 9,107.9 9,626.4 9,828.2 10,540.3 11,343.7 12,075.7 12,536.3 13,066.8 13,852.5 13,609.0 13,698.6 13,737.7 13,815.0 13,852.5 13,876.2 13,935.9 14,401.0 14,769.8 14,854.5 14,858.6 14,910.4 14,919.6 Total securities 2,426.8 2,493.4 2,733.9 2,722.1 2,932.5 3,110.6 3,311.0 3,434.2 3,495.9 3,829.6 3,714.5 3,777.2 3,790.4 3,831.3 3,829.6 3,841.0 3,875.4 3,995.6 3,999.7 4,031.3 4,170.8 4,290.2 4,344.7 U.S. Treasury and agency securities 1,640.9 1,699.0 1,872.8 1,809.2 2,040.3 2,224.6 2,409.5 2,522.1 2,664.3 3,002.3 2,894.4 2,956.1 2,973.9 3,008.6 3,002.3 3,013.7 3,040.4 3,155.1 3,147.4 3,179.0 3,298.9 3,398.5 3,456.6 Loans and leases in bank credit Other securities 785.9 794.3 861.0 912.9 892.2 886.0 901.5 912.1 831.5 827.3 820.1 821.1 816.4 822.6 827.3 827.2 834.9 840.5 852.2 852.3 871.9 891.7 888.1 Total loans and leases 3 6,555.8 6,614.6 6,892.5 7,106.1 7,607.8 8,233.2 8,764.7 9,102.1 9,570.9 10,022.9 9,894.6 9,921.3 9,947.3 9,983.7 10,022.9 10,035.3 10,060.5 10,405.3 10,770.2 10,823.2 10,687.8 10,620.2 10,574.9 Commercial and industrial loans 1,192.5 1,303.8 1,474.5 1,574.3 1,773.3 1,952.8 2,082.9 2,103.1 2,298.8 2,353.9 2,373.4 2,370.0 2,361.1 2,361.7 2,353.9 2,348.4 2,348.4 2,567.9 2,932.7 3,041.2 2,932.7 2,869.7 2,826.5 Chart 28 - Sep 2020 Real estate loans Total 4 3,613.5 3,495.0 3,550.7 3,531.8 3,639.0 3,871.6 4,115.5 4,285.3 4,414.9 4,615.4 4,525.6 4,541.0 4,558.9 4,580.9 4,615.4 4,629.0 4,641.1 4,663.0 4,681.2 4,676.2 4,675.9 4,693.1 4,694.6 Revolving home equity loans 581.6 549.6 515.3 473.8 458.3 441.5 406.9 382.5 350.0 322.3 332.3 330.2 327.1 324.8 322.3 319.8 317.0 316.1 314.2 310.2 306.4 303.4 299.7 Commercial loans 1,500.5 1,418.4 1,428.4 1,498.3 1,605.4 1,781.0 1,962.6 2,086.0 2,187.6 2,322.3 2,258.7 2,270.5 2,282.3 2,296.8 2,322.3 2,335.4 2,346.1 2,359.6 2,375.5 2,381.5 2,385.5 2,393.8 2,402.6 Consumer loans 5 1,107.1 1,086.2 1,102.7 1,128.2 1,186.8 1,259.2 1,356.1 1,427.6 1,497.6 1,588.8 1,562.1 1,567.3 1,577.6 1,584.5 1,588.8 1,593.7 1,599.7 1,603.1 1,549.7 1,520.6 1,518.0 1,522.2 1,520.5 All other loans and leases 6 642.7 729.6 764.7 871.7 1,008.7 1,149.6 1,210.3 1,286.0 1,359.7 1,464.8 1,433.5 1,443.0 1,449.8 1,456.6 1,464.8 1,464.1 1,471.3 1,571.3 1,606.7 1,585.2 1,561.2 1,535.1 1,533.3 1 Data are prorated averages of Wednesday values for domestically chartered commercial banks, branches and agencies of foreign banks, and Edge Act and agreement corporations. 2 Includes securities held in trading accounts, held-to-maturity, and available-for-sale. Excludes all non-security trading assets, such as derivatives with a positive fair value or loans held in trading accounts. 3 Excludes unearned income. Includes the allowance for loan and lease losses. Excludes Federal funds sold to, reverse repurchase agreements (RPs) with, and loans to commercial banks in the United States. Includes all loans held in trading accounts under a fair value option. 4 Includes closed-end residential loans, not shown separately. 5 Includes credit cards and other consumer loans. 6 Includes other items, not shown separately. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 28 Sources and Uses of Funds, Nonfarm Nonfinancial Corporate Business [Billions of dollars; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Sources Uses External (Net increase in liabilities) Funds raised in markets Period Total 2010 r ������������������ 2011 r ������������������ 2012 r ������������������ 2013 r ������������������ 2014 r ������������������ 2015 r ������������������ 2016 r ������������������ 2017 r ������������������ 2018 r ������������������ 2019 r ������������������ 2018: I r �������������� II r ������������� III r ������������ IV r ������������ 2019: I r �������������� II r ������������� III r ������������ IV r ������������ 2020: I r �������������� II p ������������� Internal 1 2,180.9 2,667.0 2,805.8 2,851.4 3,323.7 3,347.0 3,024.1 2,482.1 2,500.9 ����������������� 2,467.4 2,183.6 2,874.1 2,478.6 2,746.9 ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� 1,693.6 1,773.1 1,820.9 1,925.6 1,942.2 1,934.0 1,852.8 1,789.6 2,066.8 2,105.3 2,104.6 2,067.0 2,034.5 2,061.2 1,991.7 2,111.2 2,107.2 2,210.9 1,943.3 1,729.5 Total net funds raised Total 487.3 893.9 984.9 925.8 1,381.5 1,413.0 1,171.3 692.5 434.1 ����������������� 362.8 116.6 839.6 417.4 755.2 ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� ����������������� –258.2 –71.0 77.7 116.5 170.3 146.1 –190.9 56.0 –275.6 2.8 –79.2 –722.9 296.4 –596.6 68.8 245.4 183.3 –486.3 1,977.4 1330.3 Net new equity issues –201.0 –382.6 –300.0 –277.3 –301.9 –453.5 –495.9 –325.6 –548.3 –453.2 –398.5 –837.0 –194.0 –763.6 –699.2 –172.9 –446.0 –494.8 –391.7 –67.9 Credit market instruments Total Securities and mortgages Loans and short-term paper 112.0 71.6 242.8 288.2 271.3 506.8 290.8 255.7 208.7 308.5 290.7 120.4 261.5 162.1 457.2 333.3 464.8 –21.5 761.2 1,727.9 –169.3 240.0 134.9 105.6 200.9 92.8 14.1 125.9 64.0 147.6 28.6 –6.3 228.9 4.8 310.7 85.1 164.5 30.0 1,607.8 –329.6 –57.3 311.6 377.7 393.8 472.2 599.5 304.9 381.6 272.7 456.0 319.3 114.1 490.5 167.0 768.0 418.3 629.3 8.4 2,369.0 1,398.2 Other 2 344.1 257.5 430.9 348.6 628.9 664.7 656.0 135.4 1,077.1 1,005.2 906.3 1,160.1 1,235.6 1,006.5 1,159.1 606.4 564.8 1,690.6 491.5 –56.3 Total 1,855.7 1,793.6 1,918.5 2,383.9 2,495.6 3,075.9 2,741.1 2,430.9 2,938.7 2,899.1 3,369.1 2,745.2 2,874.1 2,766.2 2,226.6 2,967.9 3,452.5 2,949.1 5,343.4 2,777.3 Capital expenditures 3 1,300.4 1,425.0 1,611.3 1,676.0 1,822.0 1,935.9 1,789.3 1,883.2 2,068.2 2,147.7 2,004.4 2,018.0 2,100.9 2,149.4 2,185.6 2,151.1 2,147.4 2,106.6 2,029.0 1,691.5 Increase in financial assets 555.3 368.6 307.2 707.9 673.6 1,140.0 951.8 547.7 870.5 751.4 1,364.7 727.2 773.2 616.8 41.0 816.8 1,305.1 842.5 3,314.4 1,085.8 Discrepancy (sources less uses) 86.1 365.5 600.8 194.6 431.4 84.6 –12.2 –168.4 114.3 467.9 –257.9 –302.8 1,027.1 –9.1 1,289.7 263.3 –424.0 742.8 –773.9 285.6 1 Profits before tax (book) less taxes on corporate income, less net dividends, plus capital consumption allowance (consumption of fixed capital plus capital consumption adjustment), foreign earnings retained abroad, inventory valuation adjustment, and net capital transfers 2 Includes trade payables, taxes payable, and miscellaneous liabilities (foreign direct investment in the U.S., pension fund contributions payable, and other) 3 Nonresidential fixed investment plus residential fixed investment, inventory change with inventory valuation adjustment, and nonproduced nonfinancial assets Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Consumer Credit [Billions of dollars; seasonally adjusted] Net change in consumer credit outstanding 1 Consumer credit outstanding (end of period) Period Total 2010: Dec ������������������������������������������ 2011: Dec ������������������������������������������ 2012: Dec ������������������������������������������ 2013: Dec ������������������������������������������ 2014: Dec ������������������������������������������ 2015: Dec ������������������������������������������ 2016: Dec ������������������������������������������ 2017: Dec ������������������������������������������ 2018: Dec ������������������������������������������ 2019: Dec ������������������������������������������ 2019: July ����������������������������������������� Aug ����������������������������������������� Sept ���������������������������������������� Oct ������������������������������������������ Nov ����������������������������������������� Dec ������������������������������������������ 2020: Jan ������������������������������������������ Feb ������������������������������������������ Mar ����������������������������������������� Apr ������������������������������������������ May ����������������������������������������� June ���������������������������������������� July p ��������������������������������������� Nonrevolving 2 Revolving 2,646.8 2,756.4 2,913.2 3,090.9 3,311.9 3,390.6 3,620.8 3,813.0 3,998.1 4,180.6 4,111.7 4,127.2 4,138.1 4,151.7 4,159.1 4,180.6 4,190.9 4,211.1 4,195.6 4,129.8 4,115.2 4,126.6 4,138.9 839.1 840.3 840.2 854.4 887.7 898.7 960.3 1,018.1 1,054.6 1,094.2 1,084.7 1,084.7 1,084.9 1,088.0 1,082.7 1,094.2 1,092.7 1,098.7 1,078.1 1,020.5 996.8 995.0 994.7 1,807.7 1,916.1 2,073.1 2,236.5 2,424.2 2,492.0 2,660.4 2,795.0 2,943.6 3,086.4 3,027.0 3,042.5 3,053.2 3,063.7 3,076.3 3,086.4 3,098.2 3,112.4 3,117.5 3,109.3 3,118.5 3,131.6 3,144.2 Total Nonrevolving 2 Revolving 91.8 109.6 156.8 177.7 221.0 78.7 230.2 192.2 185.1 182.5 23.2 15.5 10.9 13.6 7.4 21.5 10.3 20.2 –15.5 –65.8 –14.6 11.4 12.3 –77.0 1.2 –.1 14.2 33.3 11.0 61.6 57.8 36.5 39.6 11.3 .0 .2 3.1 –5.3 11.5 –1.5 6.0 –20.6 –57.6 –23.7 –1.8 –.3 168.8 108.4 157.0 163.4 187.7 67.8 168.4 134.6 148.6 142.8 11.9 15.5 10.7 10.5 12.6 10.1 11.8 14.2 5.1 –8.2 9.2 13.1 12.6 1 Change based on data in billions of dollars as shown here. For year-end data, change from preceding year-end; for monthly data, change from preceding month. 2 Includes automobile loans and all other loans not included in revolving credit, such as loans for mobile homes, education, boats, trailers, or vacations. These loans may be secured or unsecured. Note: Data include student loans extended by the Federal Government and by SLM Holding Corporation. Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 29 Interest Rates and Bond Yields Interest rates were mixed in September. PERCENT PER ANNUM 10 PERCENT PER ANNUM 10 8 8 6 6 CORPORATE Aaa BONDS (MOODY'S) 4 4 TREASURY BILLS 2 2 FEDERAL FUNDS RATE 0 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 SOURCE: SEE TABLE BELOW 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Percent per annum] Chart 30 - Sep 2020 U.S. Treasury security yields Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2019: Sept ��������� Oct ����������� Nov ���������� Dec ����������� 2020: Jan ����������� Feb ����������� Mar ���������� Apr ����������� May ���������� June ��������� July ���������� Aug ���������� Sept ��������� Week ended: 2020: Sept 5 ����� 12 ����� 19 ����� 26 ����� Oct 3 ����� 3-month bills (at auction) 1 Constant maturities 2 3-year 10-year 30-year High-grade municipal bonds (Standard & Poor’s) 3 Corporate Aaa bonds (Moody’s) Discount window primary credit (N.Y. F.R. Bank) 4 Prime rate charged by banks 4 New-home mortgage yields (FHFA) 6 Federal funds rate 5 0.14 .06 .09 .06 .03 .06 .33 .94 1.94 2.08 1.93 1.68 1.55 1.54 1.53 1.54 .46 .15 .12 .16 .13 .10 .11 1.11 .75 .38 .54 .90 1.02 1.00 1.58 2.63 1.94 1.59 1.53 1.61 1.63 1.52 1.31 .50 .28 .22 .22 .17 .16 .16 3.22 2.78 1.80 2.35 2.54 2.14 1.84 2.33 2.91 2.14 1.70 1.71 1.81 1.86 1.76 1.50 .87 .66 .67 .73 .62 .65 .68 4.25 3.91 2.92 3.45 3.34 2.84 2.59 2.89 3.11 2.58 2.16 2.19 2.28 2.30 2.22 1.97 1.46 1.27 1.38 1.49 1.31 1.36 1.42 4.16 4.29 3.14 3.96 3.78 3.48 3.07 3.36 3.53 3.38 3.57 3.67 3.26 3.26 3.00 2.66 3.07 2.86 2.69 2.69 1.75 1.88 2.10 4.94 4.64 3.67 4.24 4.16 3.89 3.67 3.74 3.93 3.39 3.03 3.01 3.06 3.01 2.94 2.78 3.02 2.43 2.49 2.41 2.14 2.25 2.31 0.72 .75 .75 .75 .75 .76 1.01 1.60 2.41 2.78 2.50 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.26 3.51 4.10 4.91 5.28 5.00 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 4.75 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 0.18 .10 .14 .11 .09 .13 .39 1.00 1.83 2.16 2.04 1.83 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.58 .65 .05 .05 .08 .09 .10 .09 4.80 4.56 3.69 4.00 4.22 4.01 3.76 3.97 4.53 ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� .11 .12 .11 .10 .10 .16 .17 .16 .15 .15 .68 .69 .69 .67 .68 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.41 1.44 2.14 2.11 2.10 2.08 2.14 2.32 2.34 2.31 2.30 2.34 .25 .25 .25 .25 .25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 .09 .09 .09 .09 .09 ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� ������������������������� 1 High bill rate at auction, issue date within period, bank-discount basis. Data are stop yields from uniform-price auctions. 2 Yields on actively traded issues adjusted to constant maturities. 3 Weekly data are Wednesday figures. 4 Average effective rate for year; rate in effect at end of month or week. 5 Beginning March 1, 2016, the daily effective federal funds rate is a volume-weighted median of transaction-level data collected from depository institutions in the Report of Selected Money Market Rates (FR 2420). Prior to that date, the daily effective rate was a volume-weighted mean of rates on brokered trades. 6 Effective rate (in the primary market) on conventional mortgages, reflecting fees and charges as well as contract rate and assumed, on the average, repayment at end of 10 years. Sources: Department of the Treasury, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Housing Finance Agency, Moody’s Investors Service, Bloomberg, and Standard & Poor’s. 30 Common Stock Prices and Yields Stock prices fell in September. INDEX, DEC. 31, 2002=5,000 (RATIO SCALE) 15,000 14,000 INDEX, DEC. 31, 2002=5,000 (RATIO SCALE) 15,000 14,000 COMPOSITE STOCK PRICE INDEX (NYSE) 13,000 12,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 11,000 10,000 10,000 9,000 9,000 8,000 8,000 7,000 7,000 6,000 6,000 5,000 2012 2013 2015 2014 2016 5,000 2017 2018 2019 PERCENT 20 2020 PERCENT 20 15 15 EARNINGS/PRICE RATIO ON COMMON STOCKS (S&P) 10 10 5 5 0 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2018 2017 SOURCES: NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, STANDARD AND POOR'S, AND BLOOMBERG 2019 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS Common stock yields (percent) 6 Common stock prices 1 Chart 31 - Sep 2020 New York Stock Exchange indexes (December 31, 2002=5,000) 2 Period Composite 2010 ��������������������� 2011 ��������������������� 2012 ��������������������� 2013 ��������������������� 2014 ��������������������� 2015 ��������������������� 2016 ��������������������� 2017 ��������������������� 2018 ��������������������� 2019 ��������������������� 2019: Sept ���������� Oct ������������ Nov ����������� Dec ������������ 2020: Jan ������������ Feb ������������ Mar ����������� Apr ������������ May ����������� June ���������� July ����������� Aug ����������� Sept ���������� Week ended: 2020: Sept 5 ������ 12 ������ 19 ������ 26 ������ Oct 3 ������ Financial Energy Health Care Dow Jones industrial average 3 Standard & Poor’s composite index (1941–43=10) 4 Nasdaq composite index (Feb. 5, 1971=100) 5 Dividend/price ratio Earnings/price ratio 7,230.42 7,871.41 8,011.65 9,426.77 10,653.17 10,676.70 10,380.08 11,843.74 12,647.54 12,864.17 13,013.64 12,956.90 13,432.91 13,714.16 13,970.27 13,722.13 10,726.12 10,857.14 11,278.53 12,083.01 12,302.39 12,880.78 12,779.22 4,744.05 4,641.01 4,616.63 5,805.54 6,448.33 6,559.24 6,124.93 7,509.81 7,963.02 7,982.51 8,085.56 8,130.36 8,446.55 8,587.12 8,701.60 8,628.17 6,418.29 6,159.48 6,268.92 6,914.00 6,833.77 7,076.99 6,977.73 10,943.85 12,880.35 12,512.31 13,490.83 14,598.07 11,332.43 10,204.95 10,699.23 11,440.86 10,016.30 9,608.08 9,382.09 9,679.49 9,741.43 9,796.29 8,813.46 5,624.82 5,750.08 6,106.12 6,578.11 6,194.85 6,226.99 5,576.24 6,230.62 6,847.80 7,503.05 9,250.02 11,195.85 12,718.18 12,182.85 13,366.56 15,054.70 16,162.10 16,106.87 16,088.92 16,981.52 17,771.28 18,220.69 18,001.72 15,431.91 16,813.62 17,528.77 17,589.04 18,141.29 18,677.89 18,436.22 10,662.80 11,966.36 12,967.08 14,999.67 16,773.99 17,590.61 17,908.08 21,741.91 25,045.75 26,378.41 26,900.21 26,736.80 27,797.05 28,167.01 28,879.99 28,519.73 22,637.42 23,293.90 24,271.02 26,062.27 26,385.83 27,821.37 27,733.40 1,139.31 1,268.89 1,379.56 1,642.51 1,930.67 2,061.20 2,092.39 2,448.22 2,744.68 2,912.50 2,982.16 2,977.68 3,104.90 3,176.75 3,278.20 3,277.31 2,652.39 2,761.98 2,919.62 3,104.66 3,207.62 3,391.71 3,365.52 2,347.70 2,680.42 2,965.77 3,537.69 4,374.31 4,943.49 4,982.49 6,231.28 7,419.27 7,936.85 8,087.70 8,079.28 8,517.58 8,778.59 9,233.36 9,418.85 7,772.21 8,292.41 9,105.66 9,839.97 10,499.86 11,212.29 11,088.68 1.97 1.99 2.09 2.08 1.94 2.05 2.18 1.97 1.90 1.93 1.92 1.93 1.87 1.84 1.80 �������������������������� �������������������������� �������������������������� �������������������������� �������������������������� �������������������������� �������������������������� �������������������������� 6.04 6.77 6.20 5.57 5.25 4.59 4.17 4.22 4.66 4.53 4.46 ���������������������������� ���������������������������� 4.32 ���������������������������� ���������������������������� 4.50 ���������������������������� ���������������������������� 3.20 ���������������������������� ���������������������������� ���������������������������� 13,063.87 12,763.40 12,935.95 12,474.88 12,691.74 7,201.08 7,033.56 7,079.95 6,721.88 6,890.99 5,962.36 5,676.31 5,675.67 5,316.97 5,146.59 18,720.61 18,357.30 18,626.82 18,136.25 18,399.80 28,520.45 27,660.40 27,916.14 27,037.68 27,663.63 3,497.96 3,352.74 3,369.34 3,275.72 3,355.86 11,708.56 10,940.60 11,000.20 10,792.25 11,154.36 �������������������������� �������������������������� �������������������������� �������������������������� �������������������������� ���������������������������� ���������������������������� ���������������������������� ���������������������������� ���������������������������� 1 Annual data are averages of monthly figures. Monthly and weekly data are averages of daily closing prices. 2 Includes all the stocks (in 2018, over 2,700) listed on the NYSE. 3 Includes 30 stocks. 4 Includes 500 stocks. 5 Includes over 3,000 stocks in 2018. 6 Dividend/price ratios based on end of period closing prices. Earnings/price ratios based on prices at end of quarter. Sources: New York Stock Exchange, Dow Jones & Company, Inc., Standard & Poor’s, Nasdaq Stock Market, and Bloomberg. 31 FEDERAL FINANCE. Federal Receipts, Outlays, and Debt In the first 11 months of fiscal year 2020, the deficit was $3.0 trillion, compared with a deficit of $1.1 trillion a year earlier. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 5,200 RECEIPTS AND OUTLAYS1 5,000 4,800 4,600 4,400 4,200 4,000 3,800 3,600 3,400 3,200 3,000 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 400 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 5,200 5,000 4,800 4,600 4,400 4,200 4,000 3,800 3,600 3,400 3,200 3,000 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 OUTLAYS1 RECEIPTS1 SURPLUS OR DEFICIT (–)1 400 0 0 –400 –400 –800 –800 –1,200 –1,200 –1,600 –1,600 –2,000 –2,000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 FISCAL YEARS 1 INCLUDES ON-BUDGET AND OFF-BUDGET ITEMS. SOURCES: DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AND OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Billions of dollars] Total Fiscal year or period Receipts 2002 ���������������������������������������������������� 2003 ���������������������������������������������������� 2004 ���������������������������������������������������� 2005 ���������������������������������������������������� 2006 ���������������������������������������������������� 2007 ���������������������������������������������������� 2008 ���������������������������������������������������� 2009 ���������������������������������������������������� 2010 ���������������������������������������������������� 2011 ���������������������������������������������������� 2012 ���������������������������������������������������� 2013 ���������������������������������������������������� 2014 ���������������������������������������������������� 2015 ���������������������������������������������������� 2016 ���������������������������������������������������� 2017 ���������������������������������������������������� 2018 ���������������������������������������������������� 2019 ���������������������������������������������������� 2020 (estimates) ��������������������������������� 2021 (estimates) ��������������������������������� Cumulative total, first 11 months: 1 Fiscal year 2019 ���������������������������������� Fiscal year 2020 ���������������������������������� Outlays Chart 32 - Feb 2020 On-budget Surplus or deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Surplus or deficit (–) Receipts Outlays Surplus or deficit (–) Gross Federal Held by the public 1,853.1 1,782.3 1,880.1 2,153.6 2,406.9 2,568.0 2,524.0 2,105.0 2,162.7 2,303.5 2,450.0 2,775.1 3,021.5 3,249.9 3,268.0 3,316.2 3,329.9 3,464.2 3,706.3 3,863.3 2,010.9 2,159.9 2,292.8 2,472.0 2,655.1 2,728.7 2,982.5 3,517.7 3,457.1 3,603.1 3,526.6 3,454.9 3,506.3 3,691.9 3,852.6 3,981.6 4,109.0 4,448.3 4,789.7 4,829.4 –157.8 –377.6 –412.7 –318.3 –248.2 –160.7 –458.6 –1,412.7 –1,294.4 –1,299.6 –1,076.6 –679.8 –484.8 –442.0 –584.7 –665.4 –779.1 –984.2 –1,083.4 –966.1 1,337.8 1,258.5 1,345.4 1,576.1 1,798.5 1,932.9 1,865.9 1,451.0 1,531.0 1,737.7 1,880.5 2,101.8 2,285.9 2,479.5 2,457.8 2,465.6 2,475.2 2,549.9 2,739.3 2,852.3 1,655.2 1,796.9 1,913.3 2,069.7 2,233.0 2,275.0 2,507.8 3,000.7 2,902.4 3,104.5 3,019.0 2,821.1 2,800.2 2,948.8 3,077.9 3,180.4 3,260.5 3,541.7 3,829.9 3,811.1 –317.4 –538.4 –568.0 –493.6 –434.5 –342.2 –641.8 –1,549.7 –1,371.4 –1,366.8 –1,138.5 –719.2 –514.3 –469.3 –620.2 –714.9 –785.3 –991.8 –1,090.7 –958.9 515.3 523.8 534.7 577.5 608.4 635.1 658.0 654.0 631.7 565.8 569.5 673.3 735.6 770.4 810.2 850.6 854.7 914.3 967.1 1,011.0 355.7 363.0 379.5 402.2 422.1 453.6 474.8 517.0 554.7 498.6 507.6 633.8 706.1 743.1 774.7 801.2 848.6 906.6 959.8 1,018.2 159.7 160.8 155.2 175.3 186.3 181.5 183.3 137.0 77.0 67.2 61.9 39.5 29.5 27.3 35.5 49.4 6.2 7.7 7.3 –7.2 6,198.4 6,760.0 7,354.7 7,905.3 8,451.4 8,950.7 9,986.1 11,875.9 13,528.8 14,764.2 16,050.9 16,719.4 17,794.5 18,120.1 19,539.5 20,205.7 21,462.3 22,669.5 23,900.2 25,077.4 3,540.4 3,913.4 4,295.5 4,592.2 4,829.0 5,035.1 5,803.1 7,544.7 9,018.9 10,128.2 11,281.1 11,982.7 12,779.9 13,116.7 14,167.6 14,665.4 15,749.6 16,800.7 17,881.2 18,912.1 3,088.2 3,046.8 4,155.3 6,054.2 –1,067.2 –3,007.4 2,251.6 2,167.3 3,335.0 5,188.6 –1,083.4 –3,021.4 836.6 879.5 820.4 865.5 16.2 14.0 22,409.0 26,684.2 16,590.2 20,821.8 1 Data from current issue Monthly Treasury Statement. Note: Data (except as noted) are from Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2021, issued February 10, 2020. Sources: Department of the Treasury and Office of Management and Budget. 32 Federal debt (end of period) Off-budget Federal Receipts by Source and Outlays by Function In the first 11 months of fiscal year 2020, receipts were $41.4 billion lower than a year earlier and outlays were $1.9 trillion higher. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 2,000 1 RECEIPTS BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 2,000 INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAXES 1,600 1,600 1,200 1,200 SOCIAL INSURANCE AND RETIREMENT RECEIPTS 800 CORPORATION INCOME TAXES 400 800 OTHER RECEIPTS 400 0 0 4,200 4,000 3,800 3,600 3,400 3,200 3,000 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 4,200 4,000 3,800 3,600 3,400 3,200 3,000 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 2,000 1,800 1,600 OUTLAYS1 NONDEFENSE 800 800 600 600 NATIONAL DEFENSE 400 400 200 200 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 FISCAL YEARS 1 INCLUDES ON-BUDGET AND OFF-BUDGET ITEMS. SOURCES: DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AND OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Billions of dollars] Chart 33 - Feb 2020 On-budget and off-budget receipts Fiscal year or period 2002 ���������������������������������������������������� 2003 ���������������������������������������������������� 2004 ���������������������������������������������������� 2005 ���������������������������������������������������� 2006 ���������������������������������������������������� 2007 ���������������������������������������������������� 2008 ���������������������������������������������������� 2009 ���������������������������������������������������� 2010 ���������������������������������������������������� 2011 ���������������������������������������������������� 2012 ���������������������������������������������������� 2013 ���������������������������������������������������� 2014 ���������������������������������������������������� 2015 ���������������������������������������������������� 2016 ���������������������������������������������������� 2017 ���������������������������������������������������� 2018 ���������������������������������������������������� 2019 ���������������������������������������������������� 2020 (estimates) ��������������������������������� 2021 (estimates) �������������������������������� Cumulative total, first 11 months: 1 Fiscal year 2019 ���������������������������������� Fiscal year 2020 ���������������������������������� On-budget and off-budget outlays National defense Indi- Corporavidual tion income income taxes taxes Social insurance and retirement receipts 1,853.1 1,782.3 1,880.1 2,153.6 2,406.9 2,568.0 2,524.0 2,105.0 2,162.7 2,303.5 2,450.0 2,775.1 3,021.5 3,249.9 3,268.0 3,316.2 3,329.9 3,464.2 3,706.3 3,863.3 858.3 793.7 809.0 927.2 1,043.9 1,163.5 1,145.7 915.3 898.5 1,091.5 1,132.2 1,316.4 1,394.6 1,540.8 1,546.1 1,587.1 1,683.5 1,717.9 1,812.0 1,931.7 148.0 131.8 189.4 278.3 353.9 370.2 304.3 138.2 191.4 181.1 242.3 273.5 320.7 343.8 299.6 297.0 204.7 230.2 263.6 284.1 700.8 713.0 733.4 794.1 837.8 869.6 900.2 890.9 864.8 818.8 845.3 947.8 1,023.5 1,065.3 1,115.1 1,161.9 1,170.7 1,243.4 1,312.0 1,373.6 146.0 143.9 148.4 154.0 171.2 164.7 173.7 160.5 207.9 212.1 230.2 237.4 282.7 300.0 307.3 270.1 270.9 272.7 318.6 273.9 2,010.9 2,159.9 2,292.8 2,472.0 2,655.1 2,728.7 2,982.5 3,517.7 3,457.1 3,603.1 3,526.6 3,454.9 3,506.3 3,691.9 3,852.6 3,981.6 4,109.0 4,448.3 4,789.7 4,829.4 348.5 404.7 455.8 495.3 521.8 551.3 616.1 661.0 693.5 705.6 677.9 633.4 603.5 589.7 593.4 598.7 631.1 686.0 724.5 767.1 331.8 387.1 436.4 474.1 499.3 528.5 594.6 636.7 666.7 678.1 650.9 607.8 577.9 562.5 565.4 568.9 600.7 654.0 689.6 729.3 22.3 21.2 26.9 34.6 29.5 28.5 28.9 37.5 45.2 45.7 36.8 46.5 46.9 52.0 45.3 46.3 49.0 52.7 58.3 60.7 196.5 219.6 240.1 250.6 252.8 266.4 280.6 334.4 369.1 372.5 346.8 358.3 409.5 482.3 511.3 533.2 551.2 584.8 640.9 648.6 230.9 249.4 269.4 298.6 329.9 375.4 390.8 430.1 451.6 485.7 471.8 497.8 511.7 546.2 594.5 597.3 588.7 651.0 699.3 728.5 312.7 334.6 333.0 345.8 352.4 365.9 431.2 533.1 622.1 597.3 541.2 536.4 513.6 508.8 514.1 503.4 495.3 514.8 529.3 523.8 456.0 474.7 495.5 523.3 548.5 586.2 617.0 683.0 706.7 730.8 773.3 813.6 850.5 887.8 916.1 944.9 987.8 1,044.4 1,097.2 1,156.2 170.9 153.1 160.2 184.0 226.6 237.1 252.8 186.9 196.2 230.0 220.4 220.9 229.0 223.2 240.0 262.6 325.0 375.2 376.2 378.2 273.2 302.6 311.8 339.8 393.5 317.9 365.2 651.7 372.6 435.7 458.4 348.0 341.7 402.0 437.9 495.3 480.9 539.4 664.1 566.3 3,088.2 3,046.8 1,534.9 1,447.2 169.9 162.2 1,139.5 1,194.9 243.9 242.6 4,155.3 6,054.2 631.8 660.1 601.1 627.5 48.0 62.2 531.5 684.4 625.2 711.5 490.8 1,190.5 956.1 1,003.7 379.1 346.0 492.7 1,395.9 Total Other Total Total Depart- Internament tional of affairs Defense, military Health Medicare Income Social Net security security interest Other 1 Data from current issue Monthly Treasury Statement. Data for Department of Defense, military, include a small amount that is classified and listed under international affairs, and not included in national defense. Note: Data (except as noted) are from Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2021, issued February 10, 2020. Sources: Department of the Treasury and Office of Management and Budget. 33 Federal Sector, National Income Accounts Basis In the second quarter of 2020, according to revised estimates, Federal current receipts fell $293.6 billion (annual rate), while Federal current expenditures rose $4.2 trillion. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 10,400 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 10,400 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED ANNUAL RATES 9,600 9,600 8,800 8,800 8,000 8,000 7,200 7,200 6,400 6,400 5,600 5,600 CURRENT EXPENDITURES 4,800 4,800 4,000 4,000 3,200 3,200 CURRENT RECEIPTS 2,400 2,400 1,600 1,600 800 800 NET FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SAVING 0 0 –800 –800 –1,600 –1,600 –2,400 –2,400 –3,200 –3,200 –4,000 –4,000 –4,800 –4,800 –5,600 –5,600 –6,400 –6,400 –7,200 –7,200 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 CALENDAR YEARS SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Billions of dollars; quarterly data at seasonally adjusted annual rates] Chart 34 - Sep 2020 Federal Government current receipts Federal Government current expenditures Current tax receipts Period Calendar year: 2010 ������������� 2011 ������������� 2012 ������������� 2013 ������������� 2014 ������������� 2015 ������������� 2016 ������������� 2017 ������������� 2018 ������������� 2019 ������������� 2018: I ��������������� II �������������� III ������������� IV ������������� 2019: I ��������������� II �������������� III ������������� IV ������������� 2020: I ��������������� II r ������������ Total 2,444.0 2,572.8 2,700.3 3,139.0 3,292.0 3,448.0 3,463.3 3,524.3 3,567.6 3,711.2 3,492.4 3,527.5 3,617.6 3,633.0 3,674.1 3,704.5 3,702.4 3,763.7 3,753.1 3,459.5 Total 1 1,273.6 1,478.4 1,573.0 1,744.9 1,900.1 2,024.2 2,020.3 2,015.5 2,017.1 2,131.7 1,962.9 1,995.0 2,030.5 2,080.0 2,108.5 2,123.4 2,117.7 2,177.1 2,150.0 1,928.8 Contributions for Income Taxes govern- receipts Taxes Personal on ment on on current production corporate social assets taxes and insurincome imports ance 943.6 1,130.8 1,166.4 1,302.9 1,403.7 1,532.6 1,548.0 1,614.6 1,617.5 1,713.0 1,598.6 1,608.9 1,628.3 1,634.2 1,695.5 1,703.1 1,713.2 1,740.2 1,756.6 1,599.3 96.8 108.6 115.2 125.5 136.3 140.3 136.4 130.9 162.8 173.7 150.1 155.2 162.1 183.5 172.1 168.3 175.1 179.2 183.8 131.4 1 Includes taxes from the rest of the world, not shown separately. 219.4 224.0 274.7 298.4 339.6 329.1 311.9 245.4 210.6 217.3 188.7 204.7 214.2 234.7 213.8 224.2 201.6 229.7 180.5 171.5 970.9 903.2 938.0 1,091.8 1,140.1 1,190.8 1,224.6 1,283.7 1,344.6 1,402.2 1,327.8 1,337.2 1,353.1 1,360.3 1,391.9 1,397.8 1,402.3 1,416.9 1,436.4 1,365.7 2 Includes Federal grants-in-aid to State and local governments, not shown separately. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis). 34 133.8 130.4 141.1 243.1 171.7 160.2 140.2 139.1 122.7 111.3 119.2 113.8 129.9 127.7 110.3 122.2 101.6 111.2 112.8 107.4 Current transfer receipts 68.1 67.1 56.1 69.3 87.3 76.2 79.7 85.2 83.9 67.8 81.9 81.7 105.2 66.9 64.9 63.0 82.9 60.5 54.8 57.9 Current surplus of government enterprises –2.4 –6.3 –7.8 –10.1 –7.1 –3.2 –1.4 .9 –.6 –1.9 .5 –.1 –1.0 –1.9 –1.6 –1.9 –2.1 –2.0 –1.0 –.4 Total 3,762.4 3,806.9 3,773.0 3,770.8 3,889.4 4,008.3 4,132.5 4,246.8 4,499.3 4,758.1 4,409.6 4,469.8 4,524.8 4,593.0 4,690.1 4,737.5 4,786.4 4,818.6 4,903.9 9,107.1 ConCurrent sumption transfer Interest Subsidies expendipaypayments tures ments 2 1,000.7 1,003.3 999.3 956.9 951.2 954.2 966.6 985.1 1,043.5 1,097.3 1,021.4 1,038.3 1,054.1 1,060.1 1,076.0 1,094.9 1,104.6 1,113.7 1,118.0 1,168.1 2,326.0 2,318.7 2,293.6 2,338.3 2,441.5 2,568.1 2,650.5 2,726.4 2,852.5 3,006.0 2,821.8 2,841.3 2,861.5 2,885.5 2,968.9 2,998.5 3,016.5 3,039.9 3,129.7 6,293.9 381.5 425.4 422.6 416.3 439.1 429.3 454.1 475.9 540.5 581.6 508.8 533.0 551.8 568.6 574.5 583.6 583.9 584.5 581.7 559.1 54.2 59.5 57.6 59.2 57.6 56.7 61.2 59.3 62.7 73.3 57.6 57.2 57.3 78.9 70.7 60.5 81.4 80.5 74.5 1,085.9 Net Federal Government saving –1,318.4 –1,234.1 –1,072.7 –631.8 –597.4 –560.2 –669.1 –722.4 –931.7 –1,047.0 –917.2 –942.3 –907.2 –960.0 –1,016.0 –1,033.0 –1,084.1 –1,054.9 –1,150.8 –5,647.6 INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS Industrial Production and Consumer Prices—Major Industrial Countries Industrial production (2012=100; seasonally adjusted) Period United States Canada Japan France Germany Consumer prices (1982–84=100; NSA) United Kingdom Italy United States 1 Canada Japan France 2010 ��������������� 94.1 95.6 102.5 99.7 93.5 105.3 102.4 218.056 201.4 117.8 2011 ��������������� 97.1 100.1 99.8 102.5 100.3 106.1 102.4 224.939 207.2 117.5 2012 ��������������� 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 229.594 210.4 117.5 2013 ��������������� 102.0 101.7 99.8 99.6 100.1 96.9 99.0 232.957 212.4 117.9 r 2014 ������������� 105.2 106.7 101.8 98.5 101.5 96.3 100.5 236.736 216.4 121.1 2015 ��������������� 104.1 106.3 100.6 99.9 102.3 97.3 101.5 237.017 218.8 122.1 2016 ��������������� 102.1 106.3 100.8 100.4 103.6 99.3 102.7 240.007 222.0 121.9 2017 ��������������� 104.4 112.1 103.7 102.7 107.0 103.0 104.5 245.120 225.5 122.5 2018 ��������������� 108.6 116.5 104.8 103.0 108.1 103.7 105.3 251.107 230.6 123.7 2019 r ������������� 109.4 116.1 102.0 103.5 103.4 102.5 104.0 255.657 235.1 124.3 r 2019: July ��� 109.1 115.9 102.9 103.8 102.8 103.3 103.9 256.571 236.9 124.0 Aug r ���� 109.9 116.0 101.1 102.6 103.0 102.7 103.2 256.558 236.5 124.3 Sept r ��� 109.5 115.4 103.1 103.3 102.2 102.3 103.2 256.759 235.5 124.4 Oct r ����� 109.0 115.3 98.9 103.4 101.2 101.8 103.6 257.346 236.2 124.8 r Nov ���� 110.0 114.9 98.3 103.1 102.1 101.8 102.7 257.208 235.8 124.9 r Dec ���� 109.7 115.1 98.5 100.6 100.4 99.0 102.5 256.974 235.8 124.9 2020: Jan r ���� 109.2 115.1 100.4 101.5 102.6 102.2 102.7 257.971 236.5 124.8 r Feb ���� 109.3 115.2 100.1 102.6 103.0 100.8 103.0 258.678 237.6 124.5 r Mar ��� 104.5 109.5 96.4 85.2 92.0 72.7 98.6 258.115 236.2 124.4 Apr r ���� 91.0 93.4 87.0 67.7 73.3 58.1 78.4 256.389 234.6 124.4 May r ��� 91.9 96.8 79.2 81.2 80.1 82.2 83.3 256.394 235.3 124.3 r June �� 97.5 102.7 80.7 91.8 88.8 88.9 91.1 257.797 237.2 124.2 p July ��� 101.0 106.6 87.8 95.2 91.0 95.5 95.8 259.101 237.2 124.4 Aug p ��� 101.4 ��������������� 89.3 ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� 259.918 236.9 124.5 Sept p �� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� ��������������� Germany 186.9 190.8 194.6 196.3 197.2 197.3 197.7 199.7 203.4 205.7 206.0 206.9 206.2 206.1 206.2 207.2 206.3 206.3 206.4 206.3 206.6 206.8 207.6 207.4 206.3 Italy 166.2 169.6 173.0 175.6 177.2 178.2 179.1 181.8 184.9 187.6 189.3 188.9 188.9 189.1 187.7 188.6 187.5 188.2 188.4 189.1 188.9 190.0 189.1 188.9 188.6 United Kingdom 286.5 262.7 294.5 276.3 303.5 285.2 307.1 293.9 307.9 300.8 308.0 303.8 307.7 309.1 311.5 320.1 315.0 330.8 317.0 339.3 317.7 340.1 318.9 342.7 317.0 341.9 316.7 341.2 316.1 341.9 316.7 343.0 317.0 341.4 316.7 343.1 317.0 343.8 317.4 343.8 316.7 343.3 317.0 343.9 316.4 345.7 317.4 344.6 315.5 ����������������� 1 Data relate to all urban consumers. Note: See Note, p. 17, for information on U.S. industrial production series. Sources: As reported by each country, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and Department of Labor (Bureau of Labor Statistics). U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services [Billions of dollars; monthly data seasonally adjusted] Goods: Exports (f.a.s. value) Census basis (by end-use category) Period 2010 ��������������� 2011 ��������������� 2012 ��������������� 2013 ��������������� 2014 ��������������� 2015 ��������������� 2016 ��������������� 2017 ��������������� 2018 ��������������� 2019 ��������������� 2019: Aug ����� Sept ���� Oct ������ Nov ����� Dec ������ 2020: Jan ������ Feb ������ Mar ����� Apr ������ May ����� June ���� July r ��� Aug p ��� BOP basis 1,290.3 1,498.9 1,562.6 1,593.7 1,635.6 1,511.4 1,457.4 1,557.0 1,677.0 1,652.4 137.4 136.1 136.9 136.9 137.7 137.2 138.5 127.8 95.7 90.0 103.2 115.6 119.1 IndusFoods, trial Total, feeds, supCensus and plies basis 1 beverand ages materials 1,278.5 1,482.5 1,545.8 1,578.5 1,621.9 1,503.3 1,451.5 1,547.2 1,665.7 1,643.2 136.6 135.4 136.1 136.2 136.9 136.4 137.7 127.6 95.7 89.9 102.9 115.3 118.8 107.7 126.2 133.0 136.2 143.7 127.7 130.5 132.8 133.1 131.1 11.6 10.6 10.5 10.8 10.9 10.9 11.1 10.8 10.8 10.4 10.0 10.2 11.3 391.7 501.1 501.2 508.2 505.8 427.0 397.3 465.2 541.2 529.8 43.9 43.8 44.8 44.2 45.3 45.7 46.6 43.0 33.9 30.0 32.8 35.3 39.1 112.0 133.0 146.2 152.7 159.8 151.9 150.4 157.9 158.8 162.5 14.1 13.4 13.3 13.5 13.0 13.2 13.5 11.2 3.8 3.4 8.3 12.2 12.2 Balance of trade (exports minus imports) Census basis (by end-use category) Auto- ConCapital motive sumer goods goods veexcept hicles, (nonauto- parts food) motive and en- except autogines motive 447.5 494.0 527.2 534.4 551.5 539.5 519.7 533.4 563.1 547.9 44.3 45.0 44.9 45.4 45.1 44.6 44.7 42.5 32.3 31.5 35.2 37.7 36.3 Services (BOP basis) Goods: Imports (customs value) 165.2 175.3 181.7 188.8 199.0 197.7 193.7 197.7 206.0 205.7 17.0 17.0 16.8 16.8 16.5 16.5 15.9 14.8 10.4 10.9 12.3 14.9 15.1 BOP basis 1,939.0 2,239.9 2,303.7 2,294.2 2,385.5 2,273.2 2,207.2 2,356.3 2,557.3 2,516.8 212.0 208.0 204.0 202.3 207.6 203.4 198.2 193.7 167.4 166.0 174.8 196.4 203.0 IndusFoods, trial Total, feeds, supCensus and plies basis 1 beverand ages materials 1,913.9 2,208.0 2,276.3 2,268.0 2,356.4 2,248.8 2,186.8 2,339.6 2,537.7 2,497.5 210.2 206.5 202.5 200.9 206.2 201.9 196.6 192.5 166.4 165.3 173.8 195.3 201.9 91.7 107.5 110.3 115.1 125.9 127.8 130.0 137.8 147.3 150.5 12.6 12.7 12.5 12.3 12.3 13.0 12.5 12.8 12.1 12.1 12.4 12.8 13.5 603.1 755.8 730.6 681.5 667.0 486.0 443.3 507.0 575.1 521.5 42.8 42.1 41.9 41.2 44.4 42.3 40.9 41.1 41.4 43.7 35.4 39.8 38.2 BOP basis Auto- ConGoods, Capital motive sumer goods Exports Imports Census goods ve(nonbasis Goods except hicles, food) auto- parts motive and en- except autogines motive 449.4 510.8 548.7 555.7 594.1 602.5 589.7 639.8 691.3 677.8 57.0 56.0 56.1 55.4 55.9 55.2 52.0 53.9 48.2 47.5 49.8 53.9 54.7 225.1 254.6 297.8 308.8 328.6 349.2 349.9 358.2 371.5 375.9 31.8 31.0 29.2 30.2 30.1 29.2 30.6 27.9 13.4 9.0 18.6 26.4 28.0 483.2 514.1 516.9 531.7 557.1 594.2 583.1 601.4 646.1 653.6 56.4 54.5 52.3 51.9 52.7 52.6 50.7 46.9 43.8 45.7 50.5 54.0 57.9 582.0 644.7 684.8 719.5 756.7 768.4 780.5 830.4 862.4 875.8 73.2 73.1 73.6 73.7 73.8 72.0 71.2 58.8 51.7 51.8 52.3 52.7 52.8 436.5 458.2 469.6 465.8 490.9 497.8 511.9 544.8 562.1 588.4 49.3 49.0 49.4 49.3 49.5 49.3 48.4 39.0 33.6 33.6 34.1 35.3 36.1 –635.4 –725.4 –730.4 –689.5 –734.5 –745.5 –735.3 –792.4 –872.0 –854.4 –73.7 –71.1 –66.3 –64.7 –69.2 –65.5 –58.9 –64.9 –70.7 –75.4 –71.0 –80.0 –83.1 –648.7 –741.0 –741.1 –700.5 –749.9 –761.9 –749.8 –799.3 –880.3 –864.3 –74.6 –71.9 –67.1 –65.4 –70.0 –66.1 –59.8 –65.9 –71.7 –76.0 –71.7 –80.8 –83.9 Services Goods and services 145.6 186.5 215.2 253.7 265.8 270.6 268.6 285.6 300.4 287.5 23.8 24.1 24.1 24.3 24.3 22.8 22.8 19.8 18.1 18.2 18.2 17.4 16.8 –503.1 –554.5 –525.9 –446.8 –484.1 –491.3 –481.2 –513.8 –579.9 –576.9 –50.8 –47.8 –43.0 –41.1 –45.7 –43.4 –37.0 –46.1 –53.6 –57.9 –53.5 –63.4 –67.1 1 Total includes ‘‘other’’ exports or imports, not shown separately. Note: BOP refers to balance of payments on international transactions basis. BOP data shown here are consistent with figures shown on pp. 36 and 37. Source: Department of Commerce (Bureau of the Census and Bureau of Economic Analysis). 35 U.S. International Transactions In the second quarter of 2020, the current account deficit widened to $170.5 billion from $111.5 billion in the first quarter. The goods and services deficit widened to $164.9 billion from $126.5 billion in the first quarter. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 80 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 80 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED 60 60 40 40 BALANCE ON PRIMARY INCOME 20 20 0 0 –20 –20 –40 –40 BALANCE ON SECONDARY INCOME –60 –60 BALANCE ON CURRENT ACCOUNT –80 –80 –100 –100 –120 –120 BALANCE ON GOODS AND SERVICES –140 –140 –160 –160 –180 –180 –200 –200 –220 –220 –240 –240 2012 2011 2014 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 2019 2020 COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Millions of dollars; quarterly data seasonally adjusted] Chart 36 - Sep 2020 Current Account 1 Goods 2 Period 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2018: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2019: I ���������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2020: I r �������������� II p ������������� Services Exports Imports Balance on goods 1,290,279 1,498,887 1,562,630 1,593,708 1,635,563 1,511,381 1,457,393 1,557,003 1,676,950 1,652,437 412,989 426,060 419,341 418,561 419,048 411,069 410,930 411,390 403,533 288,885 1,938,950 2,239,886 2,303,749 2,294,247 2,385,480 2,273,249 2,207,195 2,356,345 2,557,251 2,516,767 630,894 630,865 646,224 649,269 635,180 635,641 632,059 613,887 595,281 508,223 –648,671 –740,999 –741,119 –700,539 –749,917 –761,868 –749,801 –799,343 –880,301 –864,331 –217,905 –204,805 –226,883 –230,708 –216,133 –224,572 –221,129 –202,497 –191,748 –219,338 Exports 582,041 644,665 684,823 719,529 756,705 768,362 780,530 830,388 862,433 875,825 217,360 213,617 215,287 216,170 215,162 220,326 219,259 221,079 202,019 155,768 Imports 436,456 458,188 469,610 465,819 490,932 497,755 511,898 544,836 562,069 588,359 138,310 139,042 140,810 143,907 144,267 147,964 147,788 148,341 136,747 101,328 Balance on services 145,584 186,477 215,213 253,710 265,773 270,607 268,632 285,552 300,364 287,466 79,050 74,575 74,477 72,263 70,895 72,362 71,471 72,738 65,272 54,440 Balance on goods and services –503,087 –554,522 –525,906 –446,829 –484,144 –491,261 –481,169 –513,791 –579,937 –576,865 –138,855 –130,230 –152,406 –158,445 –145,237 –152,210 –149,658 –129,759 –126,476 –164,898 Primary income receipts and payments Receipts 723,223 791,469 791,679 811,561 845,926 825,100 857,819 997,524 1,108,472 1,135,691 270,402 279,752 273,725 284,593 278,452 287,535 286,761 282,943 256,527 209,389 Payments 553,311 589,038 593,754 616,041 645,623 639,724 660,798 739,731 857,298 899,347 200,215 215,258 217,087 224,738 225,153 228,069 225,140 220,985 204,491 180,176 Balance on primary income 169,911 202,431 197,925 195,520 200,303 185,376 197,021 257,793 251,174 236,344 70,187 64,494 56,638 59,855 53,298 59,467 61,621 61,958 52,036 29,213 Balance on secondary Income 3 –98,834 –103,211 –90,134 –85,545 –83,978 –101,470 –110,716 –109,272 –120,931 –139,705 –27,918 –29,678 –29,473 –33,861 –34,677 –34,948 –33,556 –36,524 –37,075 –34,856 Balance on current account –432,009 –455,302 –418,115 –336,854 –367,819 –407,355 –394,865 –365,269 –449,693 –480,226 –96,587 –95,414 –125,241 –132,452 –126,616 –127,691 –121,594 –104,324 –111,516 –170,541 Current account balance as a percentage of GDP –2.9 –2.9 –2.6 –2.0 –2.1 –2.2 –2.1 –1.9 –2.2 –2.2 –1.9 –1.9 –2.4 –2.5 –2.4 –2.4 –2.3 –1.9 –2.1 –3.5 1 Current and capital account statistics in the international transactions accounts differ slightly from statistics in the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs) because of adjustments made to convert the international statistics to national accounting concepts. A reconciliation can be found in NIPA table 4.3B 2 Adjusted from Census data to align with concepts and definitions used to prepare the international and national economic accounts. The adjustments are necessary to supplement coverage of Census data, to eliminate duplication of transactions recorded elsewhere in the international accounts, to value transactions according to a standard definition, and for earlier years, to record transactions in the appropriate period 3 Includes U.S. government and private transfers, such as U.S. government grants and pensions, fines and penalties, withholding taxes, personal transfers, insurance-related transfers, and other current transfers See p. 37 for continuation of table. 36 U.S. International Transactions—Continued In the financial account, U.S. net borrowing was $82.6 billion in the second quarter of 2020, resulting from a net decrease in U.S. financial assets of $147.6 billion plus a net increase in financial derivatives of $60.3 billion, less a net decrease in U.S. liabilities of $4.8 billion. U.S. net borrowing was down from $143.1 billion in the first quarter. BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 1,000 BILLIONS OF DOLLARS 1,000 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED 900 900 800 800 700 700 600 600 CHANGE IN U.S. LIABILITIES 500 500 400 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 –100 –100 CHANGE IN U.S. ASSETS ABROAD1 –200 –200 –300 –300 –400 –400 2012 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 1 INCLUDES FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES, NET, BEGINNING 2006. SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS [Millions of dollars; quarterly data seasonally adjusted] Chart 37 - Sep 2020 Financial account Period Balance on capital account 1 Net U.S. acquisition of financial assets excluding financial derivatives [net increase in assets / financial outflow (+)] Total 2010 �������������������� 2011 �������������������� 2012 �������������������� 2013 �������������������� 2014 �������������������� 2015 �������������������� 2016 �������������������� 2017 �������������������� 2018 �������������������� 2019 �������������������� 2018: I ��������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2019: I ���������������� II ��������������� III �������������� IV �������������� 2020: I r �������������� II p ������������� Direct investment assets –6,891 958,737 349,829 –9,020 492,556 436,615 931 176,937 377,239 –6,559 649,753 392,796 –6,535 866,702 387,528 –7,940 197,359 302,072 –6,606 335,233 299,814 12,394 1,188,188 405,375 –4,196 358,971 –151,298 –6,244 440,751 188,469 –1,406 320,758 –58,184 –2,912 –223,399 –105,044 –455 109,691 74,289 576 151,921 –62,359 –2,542 84,497 –11,846 –848 158,966 115,561 –835 142,221 25,574 –2,019 55,067 59,180 –2,971 830,858 –9,065 –1,052 –147,602 35,861 Portfolio investment assets Other investment assets 199,620 85,365 248,760 481,298 582,676 160,410 36,283 569,375 335,263 46,570 289,989 –17,704 83,451 –20,473 –40,720 45,025 20,460 21,806 115,814 –29,818 407,454 –45,301 –453,522 –221,242 –99,920 –258,831 –2,955 215,127 170,017 201,053 88,959 –103,719 –47,872 232,649 136,855 –3,980 94,305 –26,128 724,354 –158,606 Reserve assets 4 1,835 15,877 4,460 –3,099 –3,583 –6,292 2,090 –1,690 4,989 4,659 –7 3,068 –177 2,105 208 2,359 1,882 210 –245 4,960 Net U.S. incurrence of liabilities excluding financial derivatives [net increase in liabilities / financial inflow (+)] Total 1,391,042 983,522 632,034 1,052,068 1,109,443 503,468 706,693 1,546,281 758,291 797,960 446,162 –135,152 114,982 332,299 158,290 317,227 238,964 83,479 952,306 –4,777 Direct investment liabilities Portfolio investment liabilities Other investment liabilities 264,039 263,499 250,343 288,131 251,857 511,434 474,388 366,996 261,480 351,629 65,445 9,475 137,899 48,662 117,543 99,461 78,119 56,506 52,201 –8,510 820,434 311,626 747,017 511,987 697,607 213,910 231,265 790,796 303,075 179,980 301,122 –18,368 12,157 8,164 –18,569 146,049 105,660 –53,160 –20,547 338,957 306,569 408,397 –365,327 251,949 159,979 –221,876 1,040 388,489 193,736 266,350 79,595 –126,259 –35,075 275,474 59,315 71,717 55,185 80,133 920,653 –335,225 Financial derivatives other than reserves, net transactions Net lending (+) Statistical or net discrepancy borrowing (–) from financial account transactions 5 –14,076 –35,006 7,064 2,222 –54,335 –27,035 7,827 23,998 –20,404 –38,340 29,139 –15,723 –11,505 –22,315 –21,383 –9,642 –6,382 –933 –21,611 60,256 –446,381 –525,972 –448,032 –400,093 –297,076 –333,144 –363,633 –334,095 –419,724 –395,549 –96,265 –103,970 –16,796 –202,693 –95,175 –167,903 –103,125 –29,345 –143,059 –82,569 –7,481 –61,650 –30,849 –56,681 77,278 82,151 37,838 18,779 34,165 90,921 1,727 –5,644 108,900 –70,817 33,983 –39,364 19,303 76,998 –28,572 89,025 U.S. official reserve assets, net (unadjusted, end of period) 4 132,433 147,953 150,175 144,575 130,090 117,581 117,332 123,313 125,798 129,479 126,510 125,099 123,729 125,798 125,175 128,338 127,595 129,479 127,910 133,890 4 Consists of monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), the U.S. reserve position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other reserve assets, including foreign currencies 5 Net lending means that U.S. residents are net suppliers of funds to foreign residents, and net borrowing means the opposite Sources: Department of Commerce (Bureau of Economic Analysis), Department of the Treasury, and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 37 CONTENTS TOTAL OUTPUT, INCOME, AND SPENDING Page Gross Domestic Product ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 Real Gross Domestic Product ................................................................................................................................................ 2 Chained Price Indexes For Gross Domestic Product ............................................................................................................ 2 Gross Domestic Product and Related Price Measures: Indexes and Percent Changes ........................................................... 3 Nonfinancial Corporate Business—Gross Value Added and Price, Costs, and Profits .......................................................... 3 National Income .................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Real Personal Consumption Expenditures ............................................................................................................................ 4 Sources of Personal Income ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Disposition of Personal Income ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Real Farm Income ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Corporate Profits ................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Real Gross Private Domestic Investment ............................................................................................................................... 9 Real Private Fixed Investment by Type .................................................................................................................................. 10 Business Investment ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 EMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, AND WAGES Status of the Labor Force ....................................................................................................................................................... Selected Unemployment Rates .............................................................................................................................................. Selected Measures of Unemployment and Unemployment Insurance Programs ................................................................... Nonagricultural Employment ................................................................................................................................................ Average Weekly Hours, Hourly Earnings, and Weekly Earnings—Private Nonagricultural Industries ................................ Employment Cost Index—Private Industry .......................................................................................................................... Productivity and Related Data, Business and Nonfarm Business Sectors .............................................................................. 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 PRODUCTION AND BUSINESS ACTIVITY Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization .................................................................................................................... 17 Industrial Production—Major Market Groups and Selected Manufactures .......................................................................... 18 New Construction ................................................................................................................................................................. 19 New Private Housing and Vacancy Rates .............................................................................................................................. 19 Business Sales and Inventories—Manufacturing and Trade .................................................................................................. 20 Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders .............................................................................................................. 21 PRICES Producer Prices ...................................................................................................................................................................... Consumer Prices—All Urban Consumers ............................................................................................................................. Changes in Producer Prices ................................................................................................................................................... Changes in Consumer Prices—All Urban Consumers .......................................................................................................... Prices Received and Paid by Farmers ..................................................................................................................................... 22 23 24 24 25 MONEY, CREDIT, AND SECURITY MARKETS Money Stock and Debt Measures .......................................................................................................................................... Components of Money Stock ................................................................................................................................................ Aggregate Reserves and Monetary Base ................................................................................................................................. Bank Credit at All Commercial Banks .................................................................................................................................. Sources and Uses of Funds, Nonfarm Nonfinancial Corporate Business .............................................................................. Consumer Credit ................................................................................................................................................................... Interest Rates and Bond Yields .............................................................................................................................................. Common Stock Prices and Yields .......................................................................................................................................... 26 27 27 28 29 29 30 31 FEDERAL FINANCE Federal Receipts, Outlays, and Debt ..................................................................................................................................... 32 Federal Receipts by Source and Outlays by Function ............................................................................................................ 33 Federal Sector, National Income Accounts Basis ................................................................................................................... 34 INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS Industrial Production and Consumer Prices—Major Industrial Countries ........................................................................... 35 U.S. International Trade in Goods and Services .................................................................................................................... 35 U.S. International Transactions ............................................................................................................................................. 36 General Notes Detail in these tables may not add to totals because of rounding. Unless otherwise noted, all dollar figures are in current dollars. Symbols used: p Preliminary. r Revised. c Corrected. ... Not available (also, not applicable). NSA Not seasonally adjusted. 38