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The Earnings and Employment of Seamen on I). S. Flag Ships 0 D a ily e a rn in g s, M a y 1957 0 Em p lo ym e n t p a tte rn s, Ju ly 1956 — June 1957 0 A n n u a l e a rn in g s, Ju ly 1956 — June 1957 0 Frin g e b e n e fits in cooperation with FEDERAL MARITIME BOARD Clarence G. Morse, Chairman MARITIME ADMINISTRATION U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Sinclair Weeks, Secretary Bulletin No. 1238 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner The Earnings and Employment off Seamen on U. S. Flag Ships f Daily earnings, M a y 1957 9 Employment patterns, July 1956 — June 1957 ^ Annual earnings, July 1956— June 1957 a Fringe benefits in cooperation with FEDERAL MARITIME BOARD Clarence G. Morse, Chairman MARITIME ADMINISTRATION U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Sinclair Weeks, Secretary Bulletin No. 1238 UNITED STA TES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTIC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner November 1958 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D C. - Price 60 cents The Library o f Congress has c a ta lo g e d the series in which this publication appears as follow s: U. S. Bureau o f Labor Statistics. Bulletin, no. 1Nov. 1895Washington. no. in v. illus. 16-28 cm. Bim onthly, Nov. 1895-May 1912; irregular, July 1912N o. 1-111 issued by the B ureau o f Labor. 1. Labor and laboring classes— U . S.— Period. HD805LA62 331.06173 library of Congress ir58t2j 15-23307 rev*t The Library of Congress has c a ta lo ge d this publication as follows: U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. The earnings and employment of seamen on U . S. flag ships. In cooperation with Federal Maritime Board [and] Maritime Administration, U. S. Dept, of Commerce. W ash ington, 1958. vi, 90 p. illus. 26 cm. (Its Bulletin no. 1238) 1. (Merchant) seamen— U. S. 2. Merchant seamen— U. S.— Salaries, pensions, etc. [2. Wages— U. S.— Seamen, i. Title. (Series) HD8051.A62 no. 1238 TJ. S. Dept, of Labor, for Library of Congress 331.2856 Library t L 58-71 Preface T h i s r e p o r t o n th e e a r n i n g s a n d e m p l o y m e n t o f s e a m e n in th e U n it e d S t a t e s M a r i t i m e I n d u s t r y w a s p r e p a r e d b y th e U . S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r fs B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s a t th e r e q u e s t o f a n d in c o o p e r a t i o n w it h th e F e d e r a l M a r i t i m e B o a r d a n d th e M a r i t i m e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , U . S. D e p a r tm e n t o f C o m m e r c e . T h e c o l l e c t i o n o f d a ta on d a ily e a r n in g s , a n n u a l e m p lo y m e n t, and an n u al e a r n in g s w a s m a d e b y fie ld r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f th e B u r e a u 's D i v i s i o n o f W a g e s a n d I n d u s t r i a l R e la tio n s . J a m e s F . W a l k e r o f th e D i v i s i o n 's s t a f f d i r e c t e d th e s u r v e y a n d p r e p a r e d th e s e c t i o n s o f th e r e p o r t d e a l i n g w it h e a r n i n g s a n d e m p l o y m e n t . T h e t e x t f o r th e s e c t i o n s o n th e A m e r i c a n M e r ch a n t M a r in e , la b o r f o r c e , c o lle c t i v e b a r g a in in g , and in c o m e s e c u r it y and v a c a tio n b e n e fit s , a s w e ll a s te c h n ic a l a d v i c e f o r th e p la n n in g a n d c o n d u c t o f th e s t u d y , w e r e f u r n i s h e d b y s t a f f m e m b e r s o f th e S t a t i s t i c s a n d S p e c i a l S t u d ie s O f f i c e , M a r i t i m e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n . Contents Page P r e fa c e _______________________________________________________________________________________________ In trod u ction ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ S u m m a ry _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ iii 1 3 The A m e r ic a n M erch a n t M arin e ___________________________________________________________________________ Size and c h a r a c t e r is t ic s o f U nited States F lag F le e t _________________________________________________ E m p loy m en t o f U nited States F la g Ships _______________________________________________________________ S u b sid ized op e ra tio n s o f the U nited States F la g S h ip s _________________________________________________ 5 5 5 5 T he la b o r fo r c e _____________________________________ __________________________________________ ______________ O p era tion o f se a fa rin g e m p loy m en t c e n te r s __________________________________________________________ L ic e n s e d ship*s o f f i c e r s _____________________________________________________________________________ U n lice n se d se a fa rin g p e rs o n n e l ______________________________________________________________________ 7 10 10 12 C o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g _______________________________________________________________________________________ N egotiated ra te s and p re m iu m pay p r a c t ic e s __________________________________________________________ 12 15 S eam en 1s d a ily ea rn in g s ____________________________________________________________________________________ E a rn in g s o f lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s ___________________________________________________________________________ E a rn in g s o f u n lice n se d sea m en ______ E a rn in g s by c o a s t —_______________________ S u b sid ized tr ip s _________________________________________________________________________________________ E a rn in g s by type o f ship _________________________________________________________________________________ P o r t p r o v is io n s __________________________________________________________________________________________ T ra d e rou te c o m p a r is o n _________________________________________________________________________________ 18 18 19 22 23 25 25 25 Annual em p loy m en t and ea rn in g s __________________________________________________________________________ Annual em p loy m en t ___________________________________________________________.*___________________________ E m p lo y m e n t o f lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s _______ E m p lo y m e nt o f u n lice n se d sea m en _____________________________________________________________________ E m p loy m en t by num ber o f t r ip s , sh ip s, and co m p a n ie s _____________________________________________ A nnual e a rn in g s _____________________________________________________________ 26 26 27 30 30 32 In co m e s e c u r ity and v a ca tio n b e n e fits _____________________________________________________________________ W e lfa r e plans _____________________________________________________________________________________________ E m p lo y m e n t s e c u r ity ____________________________________________________________________________________ P e n s io n s ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ V a ca tio n s _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 34 35 35 35 35 Illu stra tio n : 11 C re w co m p le m e n t o f a ty p ica l c a r g o ship C h a rts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. M a ritim e p o s itio n s and a v a ila b le sea m en ________________________________________________________ D ep a rtm en ta l e m p lo y m e nt by type o f ship --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e d a ily e a rn in g s by ratin g ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v ertim e c o m p a r e d w ith penalty h ou rs ------------ «-----------------------------------------------------------------------------E a rn in gs by su bsid y status o f s h i p s ------------------------------------------------------------------Annual days o f em p loy m en t _________________________________________________________________________ P r o p o r tio n s in d u stry co n n e cte d and em p loy ed in a ll q u a rte rs -------------------------------------------------------Seam en w ork in g fo r on ly one e m p lo y e r during the y e a r -----------------------------------------------------------------Annual ea rn in gs ______________________________________________________________________________________ v 8 9 20 21 24 28 29 31 33 Contents - Continued T a b le s : 1. 2. 3. 4. P age A v e r a g e ea rn in g s $,nd em p loy m en t _____________________________________________________________ U nited States fla g sea g oin g m erch a n t fle e t ____________________________________________________ M in im u m r a te s — M ay 1957 and M ay 1958 ______________________________________________________ P r in c ip a l p re m iu m pay p r o v is io n s ______________________________________________________________ 4 6 16 17 ______________________________________________________________________ 37 A -l. A v e ra g e d a ily ea rn in g s D istrib u tio n by a v e ra g e d a ily e a rn in g s A - 2 . A ll p o r t s , lic e n s e d sea m en ______________________________ ___________________________________ A -3 . A ll p o r ts , u n lice n se d sea m en ___________________________ ,___________________________________ A -4 . A tla n tic and G ulf C o a st p o r ts , lic e n s e d seam en ____________________ *_____________________ A - 5. A tla n tic and G ulf C oa st p o r ts , u n licen sed sea m en _________________________________________ A - 6. W est C oa st p o r t s , lic e n s e d seam en _________________________________________________________ A - 7 . W est C o a st p o r t s , u n lice n sed sea m en ______________________________________________________ 38 39 40 41 42 43 D istrib u tio n by d a ily p re m iu m e a rn in g s A - 8. A ll p o r ts _____ 1_________________________________________________________________________________ A - 9. A tla n tic and G ulf C oa st p o r ts _____ ____________________________ _______________________________ A - 10. W est C o a st p o r ts _______________________________________________________________ ;_____________ 44 45 46 S u pplem en tary e a rn in g s A - 11. A ll p o r ts ________________________ 1_____________________________________________________________ A - 12. A tla n tic and G ulf C oa st p o r ts _______________________________________________________________ A - 13. W est C o a st p o r ts _____________________________________________________________________________ 47 48 49 A v e r a g e d a ily ea rn in g s A - 14. On p o r t p a y r o lls ______________________________________________________________________________ A - 15. B y su b s id iz e d status, a ll p o r ts _____________________________________________________________ A - 16. By su b s id iz e d status, A tla n tic and G ulf C oa st p o r ts _____________________________________ A - 17. B y su b s id iz e d status, W est C oa st p o r ts ___________________________________________________ A - 18. B y su b s id iz e d status— C -2 and C -3 _________________________________________________________ A - 19. By type o f ship _______________________________________________________________________________ A -2 0 . D r y - c a r g o sh ip s, by c o a s t __________________________________________________________________ A - 2 1. By type o f d r y - c a r g o ship, a ll p o r ts _______________________________________________________ A - 2 2 . B y type o f d r y - c a r g o ship, A tlan tic and G ulf C oa st p o r ts _____________________ __________ A -2 3 . By type o f d r y - c a r g o ship, W est C o a st p o r ts _____________________________________________ A - 24. D r y - c a r g o sh ips, by num ber o f p o rt stop s ________________________________________________ A -2 5 . D r y - c a r g o sh ip s, by tra d e a r e a s ___________________________________________________________ 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 Annual em p lo y m e n t B -l. Annual em p loy m en t ___________________________________________________________________________ B -2 . In du stry co n n e cte d sea m en , a ll p o r t s _______________________________________________________ B -3 . In du stry co n n e cte d sea m en , A tla n tic and G ulf C o a st p o rts _______________________________ B -4 . In du stry co n n e cte d sea m en , W est C o a st p o rts _____________________________________________ B -5 . A ll sea m en , a ll p o r ts ______________________________ _______________________________ _________ B -6 . A ll se a m e n , A tla n tic and G ulf C o a st p o r ts ________________________________________________ B -7 . A ll sea m en , W est C o a st p o r ts ______________________________________________________________ B -8 . M ean and m edianT average days em p loy ed _________________________________________________ B -9 . A ll se a m en by num ber o f q u a rte rs em p loy ed _____________________________________________ B - 10. A ll sea m en by q u a r te r s e m p lo y e d , A tla n tic and G ulf C oa st p o r ts _____ _______ ..________ B-ll. A ll sea m en b y q u a r te r s e m p lo y e d , W est C o a st p o rts ____________________________________ B - 12. N um ber o f t r ip s p e r y e a r __________________________________________________________________ _ B -1 3 . N um ber o f sh ips p e r y e a r ___________________________________________________________________ B - 14. N um ber o f e m p lo y e r s p e r y e a r _________________ _______________________________ ____________ 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Annual e a rn in g s B - 15. In du stry co n n e cte d sea m en _________________________________________________________________ B -1 6 . A ll sea m en ____________________________________________________________________________________ B - 17. B y q u a r te r s e m p lo y e d _______________________________________________________________________ 76 77 78 C-l. In co m e s e c u r ity and v a ca tion b e n e fits _____________________________________________________ A p p en d ixes: A. S cop e and m eth od o f su rv e y ____________________________________ ___________________________________ B . D e s c r ip tio n s o f s e le c te d ra tin gs ___________________________________________________________________ C . E m p loy m en t p r o c e d u r e s ___________________________________________________________________________ vi 79 81 85 88 The Earning and Employment of Seamen on U.S. Flag Ships, July 1, 1956—June 30, 1957 Introduction In 1956, the C o n g r e s s io n a l C o m m ittee on M e r chant M arin e and F is h e r ie s is s u e d a r e p o r t on the su b je ct o f the la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t p r o b le m s o f the A m e r ic a n m e rch a n t m a r in e . A m on g the r e c o m m en dation s in the r e p o r t w as a su g g estion to the M a ritim e A d m in istra tio n to— 11. • . institute at o n ce a jo b evalu ation study d esig n ed to a p p ra ise the ex istin g le v e l o f w ages f o r o ffic e r s and c r e w s a b oa rd A m e r ic a n -fla g v e s s e ls . The study should in clu de a ll types o f ocea n g oin g v e s s e ls . It should take into a c count: The h ou rs p e r w eek w ork ed at sea , the annual ta k e -h o m e pay o f the a v e ra g e o ffic e r o r c r e w m e m b e r , the fr in g e b en efits r e c e iv e d or to w h ich the individual m a y b e c o m e en titled , the s k ill re q u ire d fo r ea ch c la s s ific a tio n , the la b o r io u s n e s s o f the w o rk , the fa c t that m u ch o f the tim e is spent at se a , and oth er p e r t i nent f a c t o r s . " The M a ritim e A d m in istra tio n , a fte r d is c u s s io n s with the B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s , re q u ested funds f o r a b a s ic study o f ea rn in gs in the in du stry d e sign ed to p r o v id e p a rt o f the d e s ir e d in form a tion . B e fo r e any co m p a r is o n s w ith oth er in d u stries cou ld be m ade o r f o r jo b evalu a tion p u r p o s e s , it was n e c e s s a r y to d ev elop the b a s ic data sought in this study. It w as h oped that this study w ould p ro v id e a b a s is f o r the e x p lo ra tio n o f oth er a s p e cts o f t h e q u estion o f s e a m e n ’ s w a g e s outlined b y the C o m m itte e . Funds fo r a study w e r e p ro v id e d in the M a r i tim e A d m in istra tio n budget f o r f i s c a l 1958. A c o n tr a c t w as en te re d into w ith the B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tistics to con du ct a study of c u rre n t w age le v e ls , annual em p loy m en t, and annual ea rn in gs f o r l i cen se d o f f ic e r s and u n lice n se d se a m e n . The study w as to p r o v id e in fo rm a tio n on g r o s s earn in gs and su p p lem en ta ry paym en ts re su ltin g fr o m s p e c ific p r o v is io n s in the la b o r co n tra cts under w hich m o s t o f the sea m en a r e e m p lo y e d . R e p re s e n ta tiv e s o f the M a ritim e A d m in istra tion and the B ureau o f L a b o r S ta tistics ca lle d on m any p eo p le in the in du stry to obtain a d v ice and help in co m p ilin g the m o s t u se fu l type o f data that cou ld be s e c u r e d w ith the funds a v a ila b le . A m on g th ose v is ite d w e r e r e g io n a l r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s o f the M a ritim e A d m in istra tio n , o ffic e r s in a ll o f the m a jo r m a r itim e u n ion s, r e p re se n ta tiv e s o f individual com p a n ies and o f the m a jo r shipping a s s o c ia tio n s r e p re se n tin g the e m p lo y e r s , and a d m in is tr a to r s o f the s e v e r a l v a ca tio n and w e lfa re funds w h ich a r e m ain tain ed jo in tly b y tr u ste e s r e p rese n tin g m an agem en t and la b o r in the in du stry. The co o p e ra tio n o f th ese groups was e x ce lle n t. A fte r rev iew in g th eir su g g estion s and a r e c o r d o f the types o f data a v a ila b le , it w as d ecid ed to base the study o f cu rre n t earn in gs on a sa m p le o f actu al ship p a y r o l ls . Ship p a y r o lls ty p ica lly c o v e r v a ry in g p e r io d s o f tim e depending on the length o f the trip ; th e r e fo r e , in o r d e r to avoid p a y r o lls w hich co n tained g e n e ra l w age ch a n g es, it w as d ecid ed to study the la te st trip p a y r o ll ending p r io r to June 1, 1957, f o r each o f the ships s e le c te d in the sa m p le . F o r each seam an in each rating on the ship p a y r o lls stu d ied , B ureau r e p re se n ta tiv e s obtained in fo rm a tio n on the n u m ber o f days paid f o r , g r o s s earn in gs fo r the trip , pen alty and o v e rtim e h ou rs and ea rn in g s, and the am ounts of any su p p lem en ta ry types o f paym ent. When sep a ra te p o rt p a y r o lls co v e rin g tim e in hom e p o r t o r a d ja cen t co a sta l trip s w e re m aintained, data w e re c o lle c te d fo r both the sea and p o r t p a y r o lls and th ese w e r e la te r c o m bined to r e fle c t a v e ra g e e a rn in g s. In the study o f annual em p loy m en t and annual e a rn in g s, the b e s t s o u r c e s o f b a s ic data r e a d ily a v a ila b le w e re the v a ca tion fund r e c o r d s . T h ese r e c o r d s g e n e r a lly show ed the dates and num ber o f days of em p loy m en t fo r ea ch individual seam an , his ratin g on the s p e c ific v oy a g e, the nam e o f the ship, and the com p an y of em p loy m en t. Since the em p loy m en t r e p o r ts to the funds w e re often dela y ed b e ca u se o f the length o f the v oyage o r fo r other r e a s o n s , it w as n e c e s s a r y to s e le c t a p e rio d f o r w h ich it w as hoped that the data w ould be co m p le te . It was a ls o d e s ir a b le to s e le c t a y ea r containing a m in im u m of w age ch an g es. The y e a r s e le c te d was the p e r io d fr o m July 1, 1956, through June 30, 1957. T rip s extending b e fo r e o r beyond the y e a r o f study w e re p r o r a te d to r e fle c t only the e m p lo y m ent and earnings w ithin the y e a r . R e c o r d s of the C oa st Guard w e re ch eck ed fo r those sea m en w h ose r e c o r d s in the v a ca tion funds w e r e not co m p le te . Sam ples o f oth er s e a m e n ’ s r e c o r d s w e re a ls o ch eck ed at the C oa st Guard to d eterm in e the a c c u r a c y o f the d a t a c o l l e c t e d .1 1 An a n a ly sis of the re s u lts of the added data obtained fr o m C oa st Guard r e c o r d s in dicated that the u n d erstatem en t of em p loy m en t w hich was due to o m is s io n s in the s o u r c e r e c o r d s am ounted to le s s than 1 p e r c e n t of the total em p loy m en t fo r the y e a r . C om pa nies a re not re q u ire d to r e p o r t s e a m e n ’ s em p loy m en t to the C oa st Guard e x ce p t when the seam en a r e under a r t ic le s (p ro v is io n s of m a r i tim e em p loy m en t). The C oa st G uard r e c o r d s , th e r e fo r e , do not alw ays include s h o r t-te r m em p loy m en t on p o rt p a y ro lls o r r e l ie f w ork . 2 In co n tra st w ith the data on d aily earn in gs and annual e m p lo y m e n t, the annual earn in gs data w e r e obtained fo r on ly 6 key ra tin gs s e le c te d to r e p r e s e n t v a r i o u s w age le v e ls and d e g re e s o f re s p o n s ib ility . Such data w e re obtained fr o m the s o c ia l s e c u r it y r e c o r d s o f the v a rio u s com p an ies that e m p lo y e d the sea m en s e le c te d in the sa m p le. T h ese 6 ratin gs r e p r e s e n te d o v e r 40 p e r c e n t o f the total la b o r f o r c e a v a ila b le . The su rv e y w as intended to e sta b lish the a v e r age d a ily g r o s s ea rn in gs o f sea m en when e m p lo y e d , the n u m ber o f days they w e r e e m p lo y e d , and the am ount o f m o n e y the a v e ra g e sea m a n , em p loy ed in a g iv en ra tin g, ea rn ed during the y e a r . The am ount o f v a ca tio n tim e ea rn ed o r paid fo r was ex clu d ed fr o m both the annual e m p loy m en t and an nual ea rn in gs e s t im a t e s .2 D iffe r e n c e s in the e s t i m a tes fo r s e a m e n ^ ea rn in gs d ev elop ed f o r v a riou s seg m en ts o f the in d u stry a r e not n e c e s s a r ily in d ica tive o f re la tiv e la b o r c o s ts sin ce m an y oth er fa c to r s a ffe c t su ch c o s t s . 2 The v a ca tio n tim e ea rn ed o r paid f o r could not be im m e d ia te ly d e te rm in e d , sin ce fu tu re e m p lo y m en t cou ld a ffe c t the am ount o f v a ca tion b e n e fits . See table C - l fo r v a ca tio n p r o v is io n s . The y e a r o f study w as one o f the peak p e a c e tim e y e a rs fo r the in du stry. Both im p o rts and e x p o rts during that p e r io d w e re high, am ong the b e s t sin ce 1950. C oal and o r e shipm ents w e re h e a v ie r than n o r m a l. Since 1950, in fa c t, the p e rio d s e le c te d f o r study, July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957, w as e x ce e d e d in a ctiv ity on ly b y the K orea n W ar y e a r s o f 1951 and 1952, as shown in the fo llo w in g tabulation of c a r g o tonnage c a r r ie d b y A m e r ic a n fla g v e s s e ls : D ate T o ta l Im ports E x p orts (I n m i l l i o n s o f l o n g t o n s ) 1950 ____________________________ 1 9 5 1 .............. .................................... 1952 ____________________________ 1953 ------------------------------------------1954 ----------------------------------------1955 ................................................... 1956 ------------------------------------------J u ly 1, 1956—June 30, 1957 . . . 2 8 .0 5 0 .1 3 9 .8 2 9 .7 2 8 .7 3 5 .3 4 0 .3 3 9 .0 1 3 .2 1 5 .9 1 6 .5 1 5 .4 1 4 .7 1 7 .7 1 8 .8 1 6 .4 1 4 .8 3 4 .2 2 3 .3 1 4 .3 1 4 .0 1 7 .6 2 1 .5 2 2 .6 The annual em p loy m en t and earn in gs o f in d i vidual sea m en a re a ffe cte d b y the nu m ber of ships a c tiv e ly em p loy ed in any given y e a r . 3 Summary Seam en (exclu d in g m a s t e r s a n d ca d e ts ) on United States fla g v e s s e ls in M ay 1957 had a v e ra g e d a ily earn in gs o f $ 2 0 . 19. A v e r a g e d a ily b a se pay am ounted to $ 1 3 . 75, with n e a r ly a ll of the r e m a in d e r a cco u n te d f o r b y p re m iu m (o v e rtim e and pen a lty) pay p r a c t ic e s in the in du stry. L ic e n s e d o ffic e r s as a grou p a v e ra g e d $ 2 9 . 80 a day, in clu din g $ 8 .2 1 p re m iu m pay fo r 2 .8 h ou rs and 21 cents in oth er su p p lem en ta ry pay. Seam en in u n lice n se d r a tin g s , a ccou n tin g fo r n e a r ly fo u r -fift h s o f the 45, 000 e m p lo y e e s w ithin s co p e of the su rv e y , a v e ra g e d $ 1 7 .5 6 a day. This in clu d ed $ 5 .6 6 prem iu m pay fo r 2 .8 h ou rs and 24 cen ts in oth er su p p lem en ta ry pay. A v e ra g e d a ily ea rn in gs ran ged fr o m $ 1 2 . 77 fo r w ip e r s to $ 3 9 .1 4 fb r c h ie f e n g in e e rs and $ 3 5 .9 4 fo r c h ie f m a te s . F re q u e n tly , the h igh est in d iv id ual d a ily earn in gs e x c e e d e d the lo w e st earn in gs in the sa m e rating b y 100 p e r c e n t— la r g e ly b e ca u se o f d iffe r e n c e s in the am ount o f p re m iu m pay. U n licen sed sea m en on the W est C oa st a v e ra g e d about 10 p e rce n t m o r e than th ose w ork in g out o f e a ste r n p o r ts . F o r lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s , in te r co a s t d iffe r e n c e s in pay w e re m in o r . The study a ls o d e v e lo p e d e stim a te s o f earn in gs in v a rio u s ratin gs b y type o f ship, b y num ber o f p o rt sto p s, b y trade a r e a s , and b y su b sid y sta tu s. S eam en em p loy ed on tankers g e n e r a lly had a h igh er a v e r a g e n u m ber o f p rem iu m h ou rs and th e r e fo r e had h ig h e r a v e ra g e earn in gs than th ose on other types o f v e s s e ls . Seam en r a tin g -b y -r a tin g on p a s se n g e r ships g e n e r a lly a v e ra g e d slig h tly h ig h er earn in gs t h a n th eir cou n terp a rts on d r y -c a r g o v e s s e ls . D iffe r e n c e s in a v e ra g e earn in gs betw een the v a rio u s types o f d r y - c a r g o ships w e re s m a ll, e x cept that earn in gs on lib e r ty ships w e re g e n e ra lly 5 p e r c e n t h igh er than on oth er type v e s s e ls . B e ca u se o f lo w e r a v e ra g e p re m iu m h o u rs , the d a ily earn in gs o f sea m en on su b sid iz e d d r y -c a r g o v e s s e ls a v e ra g e d slig h tly lo w e r than th ose on n on su b sid iz e d d r y -c a r g o v e s s e ls . The v a rio u s pen alty and o v e rtim e p r o v is io n s w h ich b e c o m e e ffe c tiv e when ships a re in p o r t a p p e a r to have little e ffe c t on a v e ra g e earn in gs fo r the sea m en when they a r e in p o rt. No sig n ifica n t d iffe r e n c e s in s e a m e n 's earnings w e re noted in c o m p a r is o n s o f s e v e r a l trade r o u te s , e x ce p t that sea m en on in te rco a s ta l ships g e n e ra lly had the h igh est a v e ra g e earn in gs am ong d r y -c a r g o v e s s e ls . Seam en who w e r e em p loy ed both p r io r to and a fte r the y e a r o f study (July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) a v e ra g e d 243 days o f em p loy m en t during the y e a r. O ffic e r s (lic e n s e d sea m en ) a v e ra g e d about 8 p e r c e n t m o r e em p loy m en t than u n licen sed s e a m en , 258 and 239 d a y s, r e s p e c t iv e ly . Seam en in both the h ig h e r-p a id lic e n s e d and u n licen sed ratin gs g e n e ra lly had h igh er a v era g e days o f em p loy m en t than th ose in the lo w e r ra tin g s. U n licen sed sea m en on the A tlan tic and Gulf C oa sts a v era g ed s lig h tly m o r e em p loy m en t than those on the W est C o a st. On the oth er hand, l i cen sed o ffic e r s as a group a v e ra g e d slig h tly g r e a te r em p loy m en t on the W est C o a st. About 78 p e r c e n t o f the o ffic e r s and 75 p e r c e n t o f u n licen sed sea m en could be co n s id e re d in du stry con n ected fo r the w h ole y e a r in that they had w ork ed both p r io r to and a fte r the y ea r o f study. When a il sea m en who had w ork ed at any tim e during the y e a r w e re in clu d ed , the a v e ra g e em p loym en t of lic e n s e d o ffic e r s d rop ped to 233 days and o f un lic e n s e d sea m en to 207 d ays. The com bin ed e ffe c t o f h igh er a v era g e daily earn in gs and h igh er a v e ra g e annual em p loy m en t of lic e n s e d o ffic e r s w as r e fle c te d in the re su lts of the study of annual earn in gs fo r 6 s e le c te d ra tin g s. A m on g sea m en who w e re in du stry con n ected during the y e a r , se co n d m a tes a v e ra g e d a lm o s t 2 1/* tim es as m u ch annually as m e s s m e n , $ 8 ,1 1 0 com p a re d with $ 3 ,2 8 5 . C o o k s , h o w e v e r, had co m p a ra tiv e ly high em p loy m en t and a v era g ed $ 5 ,3 4 5 during the year. A b le -b o d ie d sea m en , who re p r e s e n t about o n e -s ix th o f the w o rk f o r c e , a v e ra g e d $ 4 , 607. A su m m a ry of re su lts is p re s e n te d in table 1. TABLE 1. AVERAGE EARNINGS AND EMPLOYMENT (Average daily earnings, May 1957, annual employment and earnings, July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957, for selected ratings in the United States Maritime Industry) Rating Average daily , earnings 1 / Average daily premium g/ Hours Earnings Average annual employment 2 / Licensed deck department1 Chief mates........................... Second nates...... .............. . Third nates................ .......... Fourth nates •••.•••••••...... ........... Radio officers ...... ...... ............ Chief pursers, passenger ................. Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker........ ...... Assistant pursers, passenger .............. #3 5 .% 29.43 27.64 26.13 27.61 30.39 23.04 26.03 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.7 1.5 3.5 ♦1 0 . 5 9 9.48 9.19 9.17 9.08 8.61 4.54 11.17 276 264 254 235 261 Licensed engine departments Chief engineers..... .......... ....... First assistant engineers ••••.............. Second assistant engineers................ Third assistant engineers ••••..... . Junior third assistant engineers ............ Licensed junior engineers ................ 39.14 35.09 29.17 26.87 25.06 23.10 .5 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.2 1.87 9.64 8.90 8.16 7.71 5.90 276 257 253 253 235 246 Unlicensed deck departments Bosuns... ••••••••.... ......••••••.... . Carpenters ••••..... ••••••••......... .... Deck maintenance •••••................... Able-bodied seamen ••••••«..••••........... . Ordinary seamen •••••••••••••••..... ........ 22.44 21.48 18.96 19.50 14.83 3.1 2.9 2.6 3.3 3.1 6.97 6.85 5.88 7.30 5.41 250 228 233 240 226 Unlicensed engine departments Unlicensed junior engineers ............... Electricians .......................... Second electricians... .................. Engine maintenance ••••••••................ Oilers ............................... Firemen, water tenders........... ...... . Vipers ............................... 16.94 24.23 22.97 16.38 17.38 17.56 12.77 1.2 2.6 2.6 1.5 2.9 3.0 1.2 2.51 6.15 6.36 3.18 5.93 6.13 2.02 (V) 257 229 Stewards departments Chief stewards, passenger ................. Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker ........ Second stewards, passenger ................ Chef8, passenger....................... Cooks, passenger ....................... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker..... .......... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker ....... . Assistant cooks, passenger ................ Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ....... Stewards, passenger.................... Valters, passenger ........ ............... Messmen, all ships ........ ............ . Bellboys, passenger ..................... 32.04 22.94 26.19 31.54 24.39 20.59 19.86 21.79 18.49 14.78 15.51 14.10 14.04 4.0 3.2 4.7 4.6 3.8 2.8 2.7 3.8 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.6 3.1 6.99 10.18 10.38 8.39 6.01 5.94 8.10 5.85 4.77 5.50 4.31 5.06 8 .6 4 Average annual earnings 4 / ♦8,uo (^A Vjj} vV ) 244 237 230 \ J 7,032 4,607 4,315 273 <i/) 269 264 \ 235 J 247 264 219 243 224 229 238 c. 01 c 5,345 3,285 1_/ Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as nonwatch allowances, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra meals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and w ar-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. Data relate to May 1957. 2/ Total of overtime and penalty time. Data on annual employment relate to seamen employed sometime in the period 6 months before and also after the year of study. 4/ Data on annual earnings were collected for only 6 ratings and relate to seamen employed sometime in the period 6 months before and also after the year of study. J>/ These ratings were not studied in this phase of the study. 5 The American Merchant Marine A la r g e n u m ber o f ships o f m an y types c o m p r is e the oce a n g o in g m e rch a n t fle e t o f the United S tates. The m a jo r it y o f th ese ships a re owned b y t h e G overn m en t a n d , fo r the m o s t p art, a re in a ctiv e . M ost o f the ships in a c tiv e s e r v ic e a re p r iv a te ly ow ned. They m a y be op era ted as com m on c a r r ie r s on sch ed u led s e r v ic e o v e r esta b lish ed trade rou tes o r as co n tra ct c a r r ie r s in ir r e g u la r o r tram p tra d e s . O thers m a y be e m p loy ed as in d u s tria l c a r r ie r s o f raw m a te r ia ls f o r m a n u fa c tu re r s o f s te e l, alum inum , bu ild in g m a te r ia ls , and p e tro le u m p ro d u cts o r fo r p r o d u c e r s of lu m b e r, fru it, o r oth er p rod u cts fo r paren t o rg a n iz a tio n s. A r e la tiv e ly sm a ll n u m ber o f G overn m en t owned ships a re on c h a rte r to shipping co m p a n ies fo r p riv a te o p e ra tio n o r a re op era ted f o r G overn m en t a cco u n t b y p riv a te o p e r a to r s under v a riou s types o f a g r e e m e n ts . S ize and C h a r a c te r is tic s o f United States F la g F le e t T h ere w e re 2 ,9 8 4 m e rch a n t type sh ip s, 1 ,0 0 0 g r o s s tons and o v e r , of 3 2 ,3 9 8 ,0 0 0 deadw eight ton s, under A m e r ic a n r e g is t r y on June 30, 1957 (table 2). A bout o n e -th ird o f t h e s e sh ip s, a ccou n tin g f o r 1 3 ,0 3 2 ,0 0 0 deadw eight ton s, w e re p r iv a te ly owned; with r e la tiv e ly few e x c e p tio n s, th ese v e s s e ls w ere a c tiv e ly e m p lo y e d . G overn m en t owned v e s s e ls a c counted fo r 1 ,9 6 8 ships totaling 1 9 ,3 6 6 ,0 0 0 d ea d w eigh t ton s, a il but 161 o f these ships w e re in activ e and la id up at r e s e r v e fle e t s ite s . Of the 1, 151 a c tiv e ly em p loy ed sh ip s, 798 w e re fr e ig h t e r s , 312 w e re ta n k ers, and 41 w e re c o m bin a tion p a s s e n g e r and ca r g o v e s s e ls . F r e ig h te r s a re o f v a rio u s ty p e s, such as g en e r a l c a r g o v e s s e ls , bulk c a r r ie r s , r e fr ig e r a t o r sh ip s , r o l l - o n - r o l l - o f f , con ta in e r, t r a ile r , and oth er s p e c ia l-p u r p o s e type sh ip s. They range in s iz e fro m 1 ,5 0 0 deadw eight tons fo r sm a ll g e n era l ca rg o ships op era tin g in the n e a rb y fo r e ig n tra d es to a l m o st 3 0 ,0 0 0 deadw eight tons fo r a bulk c a r r ie r . The a v e r a g e s iz e o f a il types o f fr e ig h te r s (d ry ca rg o sh ip s), h o w e v e r, was about 1 0 ,9 0 0 d ea d weight ton s. T an k ers a re u sed , p r im a r ily , to c a r r y liquid ca rg o e s in bulk. T h ey a r e g e n e r a lly of g re a te r deadweight tonnage than fr e ig h t e r s , and, with few jx c e p tio n s , a re e m p loy ed to c a r r y p e tro leu m p r o d lcts fr o m one p o r t o f lading to one p o rt o f d is :h a rg e , retu rn in g in b a lla s t to the p o r t o f lading. Vverage s iz e o f the 312 tankers w as about 17 ,3 6 5 Jeadweight ton s, although the range was fr o m 1 ,5 0 0 o 3 7, 800 deadw eight ton s. The 41 com b in a tion p a s s e n g e r and c a r g o v e s sels (p a sse n g e r sh ip s) had a cco m m o d a tio n s fo r as ew as 52 p a s s e n g e r s , on the SS. SA N TA B A R B A R A and its 8 s is t e r sh ip s, to as m any as 1 ,982 p a s s e n g e r a cco m m o d a tio n s on the s u p e rlin e r SS. UNITED STATES. In s iz e , they ranged fr o m 7 ,9 0 0 g r o s s tons to 5 3 ,3 0 0 g r o s s ton s, with m o s t o f the v e s s e ls fa llin g within the 7 ,9 0 0 to 1 0 ,0 0 0 g r o s s -t o n grou p. F o u r G overn m en t owned p a s s e n g e r ships w e re in a ctiv e s e r v ic e . Tw o, w hich w e re on b a re b o a t (w ith out c r e w ) ch a rte r to a p riv a te o p e r a to r , had a total g r o s s tonnage o f 41,400 and 1,030 p a s s e n g e r b e r th s . E ach o f the oth er tw o, w hich w e re owned and o p e r ated by the Panam a C anal C o. , had a g r o s s o f 1 0 ,0 0 0 tons and a cco m m o d a tio n s fo r 216 p a s s e n g e r s . E m p loy m en t o f United States F lag Ships L a b o r c o s ts fo r seam en , as w e ll as other op eratin g c o s t s , a r e a ffe cte d b y the con dition s o f the trade rou te and the s e r v ic e in w hich a ship is em p loy ed . C osts v a r y with the type, s iz e , and sp eed of the ship; length o f the v oy a g e; num ber of p o rts s e rv e d ; the type and v olu m e o f c a r g o and p a s s e n g e rs to be handled at each p o rt; the c o n dition of a given p o rt; and the a v a ila b ility o f m o d e rn equipm ent and adequate lo n g s h o re p e r s o n n e la t p o rts to fa c ilita te c a r g o handling o p e ra tio n s. A m e r ic a n fla g ships a re em p loy ed on about fo r e ig n trade ro u te s , of w hich 35 trade rou tes and 3 s e r v ic e s that a re not con fin ed to individual trade rou tes have b een d e cla re d e s s e n tia l b y the F e d e r a l M a ritim e B o a rd . 3 T hey a re a ls o op era ted in the c o a s tw is e , in te r co a s ta l,^ a lc i noncontiguous d o m e s tic o ce a n tr a d e s . Table 2 sh ow s, in su m m a r y fo r m , the fo r e ig n and d o m e s tic trades in w hich United States fla g com b in a tion p a s s e n g e r c a r g o v e s s e l s , fr e ig h t e r s , and tankers w e re e m p loy ed on June 30, 1957. 6 6 S u b sid ized O p era tion s o f the United. States F la g Ships On June 30, 1957, th ere w e re 300 v e s s e ls e l i g ib le f o r F e d e r a l G overn m en t su bsid y, o f w hich 295 w e re p r iv a te ly owned and 5 w e re ch a rte re d fr o m the G ov ern m en t. Included am ong the la tter nu m ber w e re 2 com b in a tion p a s s e n g e r -c a r g o v e s s e ls and 3 fr e ig h t e r s . It should be n o t e d that, as o f J u n e 1957, fe w e r than o n e - t h i r d o f the p r iv a te ly o w n e d v e s s e ls w e re e lig ib le fo r su b sid y fr o m the M a r i tim e A d m in istra tion . 3 .E ssen tia l United States F o r e ig n T rade R ou tes— U. S. D epartm en t o f C o m m e r c e , M a ritim e A d m in is tra tion , M ay 1957; U. S. G overn m en t P rin tin g O ffice , W ashington 25, D. C . 0 TABLE 2. UNITED STATES FLAG SEAGOING MERCHANT FLEET (Vessels of 1,000 gross tons and over by status and area of employment, June 30, 1957) -(Tonnage in thousands) Vessel type Total Combination passenger and cargo Status and area of employment Number Total 1/.................................. Gross tons Dead weight tons Number 23,038 32,398 221 2fCf8 | Gross tons freighters Tankers Dead weight tons Number Gross tons Dead weight tons 1.520 2.426 17.396 25.194 Gross tons Dead weight tons 337 3 f9A 5,£84 Number Active vessels .............................. 1,151 9,895 14,371 41 538 393 798 5,934 8,561 312 3,423 5,418 Foreign trade ........................... Nearby foreign ........................ Overseas foreign ....................... 709 95 614 5,878 909 4,969 8,209 1,288 6,921 38 1C 28 483 90 393 363 83 281 611 570 4,643 286 4,357 6,649 361 6,289 60 44 16 753 534 219 1,196 845 352 - - 12 124 197 235 221 4 10 2,462 2,329 39 94 3,891 3,684 60 147 a Foreign to foreign ....................... 12 124 197 - - - - Domestic trade ........................ . Coastwise ............................. Intercoestal .......................... Noncontiguous ......................... 399 262 59 78 3,642 2,585 451 607 5,595 4,082 674 839 3 56 - 30 161 41 55 65 - 3 - - 56 30 1,125 257 412 457 1,675 398 615 662 Other rnitod States agency operations ......... 31 251 371 - - - 26 166 237 5 85 134 Inactive vessels ............................ 1,833 13,143 18,027 180 1,510 1,127 1,628 11,462 16,634 25 171 266 Temporarily inactive ...................... Merchant type ......................... Converted to military types .............. 37 37 - 293 293 - 433 433 “ - ** 26 26 - 177 177 - 246 246 - 11 11 “ 116 116 - 187 187 - Laid-uo (privately owned) ..... ............ 1 2 4 - - - 1 2 4 - - - 1,795 1,528 267 12,848 10,826 2,022 17,590 15,836 1,754 180 1 179 1,510 20 1,490 1,127 16 1,111 1,601 1,523 78 11,283 10,774 509 16,384 15,770 614 14 4 10 55 32 23 79 50 29 Maritime Administration Reserve Fleet ......... Merchant type ......................... Converted to military tyoes .............. - - 1/ Excludes vessels on the inland waterways, Great Lakes, Army and Navy v essels, and special types such as cable ships, tugs, etc, foreign flag under lend-lease. Also excludes Government owned tonnage transferred to \ nAn A m e r ic a n o p e r a t o r r e c e iv in g op era tin g su b sid y aid m u st a g re e to— 1* The re c a p tu r e o f p r o fits in e x c e s s o f 10 p e r c e n t o f ca p ita l n e c e s s a r ily em p lo y e d to the exten t o f su b sid y paid to h im ; 2. The e sta b lish m e n t o f r e s e r v e funds to p r o vide f o r (a) re p la c e m e n t and a cq u isitio n o f s h ip s , (b) p ro m p t paym en t o f h is ob lig a tion s to the U nited S ta te s, (c ) con tin ued m a in ten an ce and o p e r a tio n o f su b s id iz e d v e s s e ls ; and 3. The use o f a r t i c le s , m a t e r ia ls , and su p p lie s p ro d u ce d in the U nited S ta tes, and the r e p a ir o f su b s id iz e d v e s s e ls w ithin the con tin en ta l lim its o f the U nited S ta tes. ''O p e r a tin g -d iffe r e n tia l co n tr a c ts stipulate the m in im u m and m a xim u m n u m ber o f v oy a g es to b e m ade by the su b s id iz e d o p e r a to r s in each o f the d esign a ted s e r v ic e s c o v e r e d b y the con tra ct* A ll sa ilin g s a re m ade on the b a s is o f sa ilin g sch ed u les (in clu din g v e s s e l s , d a tes, p o rts o f c a l l 9 and oth er p a r tic u la r s as req u ired ) a p p rov ed by the M a ritim e A d m in istration . S a il ings in e x c e s s o f the m axim u m n um ber s p e c i fie d ca n be m ade on ly with the p r io r a p p rov a l o f the M a ritim e A d m in istra tio n and no su b sid y is paid f o r su ch v o y a g e s . F a ilu re o f an o p e r ator to m ake a v oya g e is not d eem ed a b re a ch o f the o p e r a t o r 's o b lig a tion under thev c o n tra ct if the ca u se o f such fa ilu r e is an A c t of G od, fo r c e m a je u r e , a ccid e n t, s trik e s o r oth er la b o r d is tu rb a n ce s , w a r, in s u r r e c tio n s , w eather c o n d itio n s , lo s s o r dam age o f v e s s e l s , o r any oth er ca u se not within c o n tr o l o f the o p e r a to r with the understanding that the ca u se o f any in terru p tion in s o fa r as it m ay be under the op era tor* s c o n tr o l sh a ll be r e m e d ie d by the o p e r a to r with a ll rea so n a b le d isp atch and p e r fo r m a n c e re su m e d at the e a r lie s t p r a c tic a b le t im e . " 4 4 M a ritim e S ubsidy P o lic y , pp. 94 and 95; p r e p a red by the U . S. D epartm en t o f C o m m e r c e , O ffice o f the U nder S e c r e ta r y o f C o m m e r c e f o r T r a n s p orta tion and M a ritim e A d m in istra tion , A p r il 1954. The Labor Force It has b e e n e stim a te d that th ere a re about q u a lifie d m en a va ila b le fo r w ork in the o ce a n g o in g m a ritim e in d u stry o f the U nited S ta tes. In e a r ly 1957, the in d u stry p ro v id e d a p p rox im a tely 6 0 .0 0 0 jo b s . 1 0 0 .0 0 0 T h is d oes n ot m ean that 4 0 ,0 0 0 m en w e re lo o k ing f o r w ork at any one tim e . O cea n v oy a g es a re g e n e r a lly long and co n fin in g , and, fo llo w in g a w e lle sta b lish e d c u s to m , m any sea m en lea ve th eir ships at the te rm in a tio n o f a v oya g e; so m e take v a ca tio n s ; o th e rs take te m p o r a r y sh o r e s id e jo b s ; s o m e re q u ire h o sp ita liza tio n ; o th e rs have s h o r e s id e jo b s and a re a v a ila b le on ly f o r an o c c a s io n a l v o y a g e . S om e o f th ese p r a c t ic e s are e n d o r s e d b y the u n ion s, w hich e n co u ra g e a s h a r e -t h e -w o r k p r o g r a m , e s p e c ia lly when jo b s a re s c a r c e and union h a lls are fille d with m e m b e r s seek in g em p loy m en t. A sh ip at se a r e s e m b le s a co m m u n ity . N u m er ou s sk ills a re r e q u ir e d f o r its o p e r a tio n . M ost o f the 4 0 -o d d sea m en a b oa rd a ty p ica l d r y -c a r g o , v e s s e l m u st r e g u la r ly p e r fo r m m o r e than one duty and m u st a ls o be able to do oth e r task s in c a s e o f e m e r g e n c y , g e n e ra lly w ithin th eir r e s p e c t iv e dep artm en ts (s e e page 85). N e a rly a ll o f the m ain tenance s k ills c a lle d fo r in a com m u n ity a re r e q u ir e d in addition to the s p e c ia l s k ills p e c u lia r to sh ip b oa rd e m p lo y m en t. The b o a r d and lod gin g re q u ire m e n ts o f a ship a re equ ivalen t to th ose o f a sm a ll h o te l. T h ere a r e no s p e c ific p r o fe s s io n a l r e q u ir e m en ts fo r m o s t o f the e n try ratin gs in the d e ck , en g in e, and ste w a rd s d ep a rtm e n ts, but when an app lican t wants em p loy m en t in one o f th ese ra tin g s , he m u st obtain s e c u r ity c le a r a n c e fr o m the U nited States C oa st G uard and a m erch a n t .m a r in e r 's d o c u m ent f o r p u rp o se s o f id e n tifica tio n . An app lican t fo r such a docu m en t is re q u ire d to p ro d u ce s a t i s fa c to r y p r o o f that he has a com m itm en t o f e m p lo y m ent fr o m a stea m sh ip com p an y o r union o ffic ia l in the ca p a city f o r w hich docum entation is sought, as w e ll as a cce p ta b le ev id en ce o f U nited States c i t i zen sh ip (o r e v id en ce o f le g a l en try fo r p erm an en t r e s id e n c e ), and a p a s s p o r t type p h otog rap h . As sea m en gain e x p e r ie n c e , they m ay take w ritten exam ination s fr o m the U nited States C o a st G uard and r e c e iv e c e r t ific a t io n o f q u a lifica tion f o r h igh er ratin gs o r lic e n s e s fo r o ffi c e r ra tin g s. A bout o n e -fifth o f the a v a ila b le la b o r f o r c e a re lic e n s e d as o f f i c e r s . The oth e rs a re u n licen sed sea m en , m o s t o f w hom have been is s u e d U nited States m erch a n t m a r i n e r 's d o cu m en ts. A fte r an app lican t has r e c e iv e d this d ocu m en t, he m ay s a il in any o f the en try ratin gs (o rd in a ry sea m a n , w ip e r , m e s s m a n ). When he q u a lifies f o r a h igh er ra tin g , it is noted on his d ocu m en t, and he m ay then be em p lo y e d in a "q u a lifie d " rating (a b le -b o d ie d s e a m an; f i r e m a n ; o ile r ; w ater ten d er; a ss is ta n t cook; e t c .) . S om e o f the ratin gs above that o f an a b le -b o d ie d seam an do not re q u ire s p e c ia l q u a lifica tio n s . F o r e x a m p le , an a b le -b o d ie d seam an m ay be h ir e d as a ca rp e n te r without c e r tific a tio n as su ch . A se a m a n 's d ocu m en t, h o w e v e r, show s the ratin gs at w hich he Chart 1. MARITIM E POSITIONS AND AVAILABLE SEAM EN Number of Selected M a ritim e P o sitio n s]/ os of May 1957 ond Number of Seamen Classified in Tho se Positions During the Year July 1 ,1956— June 3 0 , 1957 0___________ 2,000__________ 4,000__________6,000__________8,000 12,000 10,000 14,000 — I--------------------------1 I Licensed deck officers (mates) Radio officers Number of active positions Y,'/ / / ,I Number of seamen classified in position Licensed engineers Bosuns 3 Able-bodied seamen T T T T T T T 7T T ) ) ) > r> m ] Ordinary seamen 3 Oilers and firemen, water tender Cooks and assistants Messmen united states d ep a r t m e n t of l a b o r BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 1 See scope ond method of survey p. 81 fo r types of ships included in estimate of positions and source of estimates of seamen available during the year. * Chart 2. DB>ARTMENTAL EMPLOYMENT By Type of Ship Percent Each Department Is of the To ta l Sh ip 's Complement on the Average Ship,|May 1957 LICENSED SEAMEN Deck department1 Engine department UNLICENSED SEAMEN Deck department Engine department Stewards department LICENSED SEAMEN Deck department1 Engine department UNLICENSED SEAMEN Deck department Engine department Stewards department LICENSED SEAMEN TA N KERS Deck department1 Engine department UNLICENSED SEAMEN Deck department Engine department Stewards department united states d e p a r t m e n t of l a b o r BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS t t t 7T??y r? ???/?/?' // s? \ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / \ 1 Excluding M a ste rs. 10 has been employed and is, therefore, indicative of his qualifications. Most seamen are qualified for ratings above those at which they most frequently sail. For example, a man classified as a chief mate in this study may be qualified to hold a mas ter's position, 5 and an able-bodied seaman may be fully qualified as a maintenance man or bosun. new seamen to apply for union membership within 30 days after date of employment. Some of the un ions provide for the issuance of temporary working permits. All union contracts provide that the ship ping company may reject, for certain specified rea sons, a seaman who has been sent from a hiring hall. Although authority on vessels largely rests with the licensed officers, they are not merely su pervisors. They perform many tasks in addition to their supervisory and navigational duties. Engineer ing officers, for example, frequently are required to make parts in the machine shop. Moreover, much work on board ship is done without direct su pervision. Many of the duties relate to normal op erating practices or are in direct compliance with standing orders and stipulated procedures. Licensed Ship's O fficers.— Of the 10 navigating and engineering officers carried by the average cargo ship, the master, chief officer, chief engi neer, and first assistant engineer may be selected and engaged by the employer, although membership in an organization representing deck and engineer ing officers is usually required under a collective bargaining agreement. Employers m a y usually make promotions from within the company's roster of officer employees, as the nature of the duties and responsibilities of ship officers requires in doctrination into company policies and procedures that affect both ship and cargo operations. When such promotions are neither feasible nor desirable, the employer must refer personnel requirements to the labor organization representing the deck or engine officers, as the case may be. Many steam ship operators maintain a group of junior officers on a standby basis for placement in temporary va cancies. As this standby group can be maintained only when frequent vacancies occur, the size of a company's fleet is usually the determining factor in an arrangement of this type. The crew complement and order of authority of a typical cargo ship is shown on page 11. 6 Operation of Seafaring Employment Centers The hiring of seafaring personnel has become a well-regulated procedure during the past two dec ades. Until the mid-1930f s, the average seaman was hired in a manner similar to that used for re cruiting casual labor. The average applicant had to seek his own job opportunities— which sometimes entailed some form of gratuity for the chance to join a ship's crew. The unionization of seafaring personnel resulted in the development of concepts of seniority for sea men to safeguard the employment rights of those having the longest membership and, usually, the most experience. Continuous refinements have been made in the "shipping *rulesn of maritime unions during recent years to provide added security in an everchanging employment situation. Current employment practices in the industry can only be reviewed in general terms since dif ferences in employment conditions at the several ports result in considerable flexibility in hiring procedures. 7 Seamen are typically employed through hiring halls operated by the unions in the industry. Each of the hiring halls has employment procedures which give preference to experienced seamen and require 5 A recent study by the Maritime Administra tion—Survey of Licensed Officers of the American Merchant Marine— indicated that over 80 percent of chief mates were qualified to sail as masters and over 70 percent of first assistant engineers were qualified to sail as chief engineers. 6 For descriptions of the duties of ratings, see endix B. For the more specific employment rules in individual unions, see Employment Procedures, appendix C. The organization representing the licensed deck and engineering officers maintains branch offices at almost every port along the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coasts and in some Great Lakes ports. As need arises, whether for a full voyage or for the relief of regular officers while the ship is in port, the employer arranges with the organization's local office to hire personnel. Many deck and engineer ing officers specialize in relief assignments while awaiting a paitifeular ship or a preferred voyage itinerary. Once employed in a permanent status, an officer signs on and off shipping articles for subsequent voyage^ for as long as the employeeemployer relationship remains satisfactory. Deck and engineering officers advise their de partment heads when planning to take leave or change ships, and, after leaving the vessel, may elect to utilize their accrued vacation credits before registering at the company1s or union1s employ ment center for reassignment. The date of such application becomes the controlling factor affecting priority for reassignment. Such priority may be advanced rapidly when prior applicants turn down assignments. The more selective an officer may be regarding his preference for higher ratings or specific ships or trade routes, the longer his wait for employment. Radio officers are employed in a manner quite similar to that of deck or engineering officers. The average cargo ship requires but 1 radio officer, and a standby status with an employer for substitution of radio officers on leave is not general practice. 11 ILLUSTRATION: CREW COMPLEMENT O F A TYPICAL CARGO SHIP maintenance. DECK DEPARTMENT TOTAL, 19 (INCLUDING MASTER. RADIO OFFICER, AND PURSER) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T I S T I C S ENGINE DEPARTMENT TOTAL. 18 TOTAL SHIP’S COMPLEMENT. 47 STEWARD S DEPARTMENT TOTAL, 10 The registration date governs«the rotation which de termines the extent of the waiting period. The de sire to change ships entails the same procedure of registering at the employment office in the home port to await assignment. Pursers (or purser/pharmacists) are not re quired on every ship. Less than half of the United States flag cargo ships carry this rating owing to company operating policy. The duties of this rating are such that an employer may select his own per sonnel, although the employer is bound to give con sideration to those registered at the employment centers of the 2 purser organizations. Selection is most frequently based on an individual’ s experience, personality, appearance, and character rather than on the time he registered for employment. Em ployers with sizable fleets utilizing purser per sonnel frequently maintain additional, rotating per sonnel in their employment to cover vacations or leaves of absence. Unlicensed Seafaring Personnel.— The employ ment of unlicensed ship personnel is generally reg ulated by the principal seamen's unions. The place ment of personnel tends to be governed by seniority in the maritime industry and by length of member ship in the union concerned. Registration for em ployment does not automatically confer eligibility upon an applicant * Heavy influxes of short service seafaring applicants are often discouraged by pro longed waiting periods, whereas those with seniority rotate through the hiring center with little or no delay. The seniority requirements for groups or classes as shown in Employment Procedures, ap pendix C are generally flexible enough to allow for such modifications as circumstances may dictate. One seamen's organization recently initiated a fixed sailing rule which prescribes a 210-day limit for continuous employment after which a seaman must leave his ship the next time he is in home port, apply for his accrued, vacation credits and, upon termination of his vacation, register if he wishes reemployment. A shipboard assignment is made not only according to the applicant's seniority, his period of registration and certified rating are also factors. A similar procedure, which has func tioned for a considerable period of time, is prac ticed by another organization which prescribes a limit of 180 days of continuous employment. Under the rotary hiring system, no man can keep his spot on the registration list. A fixed period is usually defined, after which the applicant must go to the bottom of the list. When a sea man becomes too selective and turns down several job opportunities, he also must go to the bottom of the list. When job opportunities become scarce, regulations are adjusted as necessary to cope with the lack of job openings. Employers submit manpower requirements to the hiring center, identifying the ratings required for a particular ship. At appointed hours, all men qualified for specific ratings submit their registra tion cards to a dispatcher, who determines the one eligible for each opening. The name of the suc cessful applicant and his date of registration are then announced over the public address system and an opportunity is given the remaining applicants to challenge the decision. Once dispatched to a ship, a seaman is not permitted to reconsider the job opening and withdraw. The employer is generally permitted to make promotions aboard ship, and an applicant, when firm ly established, can usually plan on furthering his career by preparing himself for more respon sible and better paying positions. Collective Bargaining The history of employee organization in maritime industry goes back to the middle of 19th century when seamen first attempted to ganize. Their efforts were local in nature, failed.* the the o r and The oldest seafaring union was organized by the marine engineers in 1875 on a national basis. West Coast sailors started their first union in 1885. The first organization on the Great Lakes was * For a complete history of collective bargaining in the industry, see Joseph P. Goldberg, The Mari time Story, Harvard University P re ss, 1958. formed in 1878. The pilots and deck officers o r ganized in 1887 and claimed jurisdiction over the whole United States and the Panama Canal Zone. They were followed by the Pacific Coast firemen. On the Atlantic Coast, a concerted effort in the organization of seamen began in 1888. The unlicensed seamen's u n i o n s functioned largely as independent locals until 1892, when a na tional convention was called in Chicago and the Na tional Seamen1s Union was formed. In 1893, this organization affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, and in 1895, the unionfs name was changed to International Seamen1s Union of America. The major unions in existence today are an outgrowth of these early efforts of organization. 13 After a long struggle for employer recognition, collective bargaining became the means for deter mining wages and working conditions for labor in the maritime industry. The first agreement be tween the Sailors Union of the Pacific and coastwise operations was negotiated in 1902. In August 1917, a collective bargaining agreement, the "Atlantic Agreement,14 was signed by the shipowners, the United States Shipping Board, and the International Seamen1s Union. In March 1918, another agreement empowered the United States Shipping Board to determine wage rates and working conditions on an industrywide basis. In May 1920, the International Seamen1s Union (unlicensed seamen) signed an agreement with the American Shipowners1 Association, which was ap proved by the Shipping Board. However, with the return to peacetime shipping operations, wages were reduced, working conditions deteriorated, and a number of strikes occurred. In 1921, the ship operators severed relations with the unions. From then until 1934, the United States Shipping Board issued operational orders stipulating wages and working conditions for Government owned ships. Private operators did not necessarily follow the conditions established by the Government. From 1920 until late in the 1930*s, there was nothing approaching industrywide collective bar gain* ing in the shipping industry. In the m id-1930's, many long strikes occurred. After the 101-day strike on the West Coast in 1936-37, the employers agreed to call the unions when in need of unlicensed personnel. Following this, on the East Coast, un ions negotiated agreements with s h i p operators which provided that unlicensed personnel would be obtained from the unions. By the end of 1938, o r ganized labor in the shipping industry had become a strong and important force for seamen on the West Coast and for the majority of seamen on the East Coast. By 1941, the union hiring hall was well estab lished and had become an important feature in hir ing procedures under collective bargaining contracts affecting unlicensed seamen. Those agreements also established wages and working conditions on both the East and West Coasts and covered a sub stantial m a j o r i t y of unlicensed seamen in the industry. The major organizations in the maritime indus try are:9 1. International Organization of M a s t e r s , Mates and Pilots ( M M P This organization represents ships' masters and deck officers. Collective bargaining agreements between the MMP and ship operators are maintained on an industrywide basis for the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coasts, covering about 5,000 jobs on ships operated by some 200 steamship companies. 2. National Marine Engineers* Beneficial A s sociation (MEBA).- —The Association represents ships1 engineering officers. Collective bargaining agreements between MEBA and ship operators are also maintained on an industrywide basis for the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coasts, covering about 5,500 jobs on ships operated by some 190 steam ship companies • 3. Brotherhood of Marine Officers (BMP). — The BMO represents both deck and engineering of ficers and has agreements with 2 large companies covering more than 600 positions on the Atlantic Coast. 4. American Radio Association (ARA). — The ARA represents ships4 radio officer^. Collective bargaining agreements cover more than 600 jobs aboard ships operated by steamship companies on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coasts. 5. Radio Officers Union of the Commercial Telegraphers Union (JEtOU). — The ROU also repre sents ships1 radio officers. Collective bargaining agreements cover about 400 jobs aboard ships op erated by steamship companies on the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific Coasts. 6. American Merchant Marine Staff Officers Association (AMMSOA). — The Association represents personnel of the purser4s department. Col lective bargaining agreements cover about 150 jobs on ships operated by some 8 steamship companies, primarily along the Pacific Coast. 7. Staff O fficers4 Association of America (SQA). —This Association also represents personnel of the pu rser's department. Collective bargaining agreements cover about 220 jobs on ships operated by 7 steamship companies out of Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports. 8. N a t i o n a l Maritime U n i o n of America (NMU).—-The NMU represents unlicensed personnel of the deck, engine, and stewards departments. Collective bargaining agreements cover approxi mately 195 steamship companies in the Atlantic and Gulf Coast District who operate merchant ships having an employment potential in excess of 24,000 unlicensed jobs. 9. Seafarer's International Union of North AmericaTSIU)«— The SIU Atlantic and Gulf District represents unlicensed personnel of the deck, engine, 9 Estimates of number of positions represent and stewards departments. Collective bargaining agreements are maintained with some 60 steamship vessels engaged in the various deep sea trades only. 14 com p a n ie s o p e ra tin g f r o m , the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts with m o r e than 8 ,5 0 0 jo b s on a p p rox im a tely 225 s h ip s . The a ffilia te s o f the SIU on the P a c ific C oa st a r e d e s c r ib e d b e lo w . In terch an ge o f p erson * n e l f r o m the m e m b e r s h ip o f the v a r io u s SIU a ffili ates p r o v id e s an e m p loy m en t poten tia l a b oa rd ships oth er than th ose d ir e c t ly under c o n tr a c t to the SIU. F ie ld o f f ic e s and e m p lo y m e n t c e n te r s a r e a d m in is te r e d jo in tly by the SIU a ffilia te s on the A tla n tic, G u lf, and P a c if ic C o a s ts . w ithdraw fr o m the A M M I; until the end o f W orld W ar II, th ese com p a n ies then b a rg a in ed in dividu ally with the SIU. In 1945, 10 o f the co m p a n ie s having c o n tra cts with the SIU o rg a n iz e d the A tlan tic and G u lf Ship O p e ra to rs A s s o c ia tio n to b a rg a in with the SIU. The A s s o c ia tio n w as d is s o lv e d in 1948. E ven though the fo r m a l barg ain in g g r o u p went ou t o f e x is te n c e , grou p bargain in g with the SIU has con tin ued on an in fo rm a l b a s is . When a union c o n tr a c t is re o p e n e d , 10. S a ilo r s Union o f the P a c ific (S U P -S IU ). —the SIU in vites a ll com p a n ies, to jo in in the n e g o tia tio n s, and m o s t co m p a n ie s sen d re p re s e n ta tiv e s The SUP r e p r e s e n ts u n lic e n se d p e rs o n n e l o i the f o r co n s id e r a tio n o f union dem ands and s e le c tio n o f d e ck dep a rtm en t on d r y - c a r g o and p a s se n g e r ships a su b co m m itte e to c a r r y on n e g o tia tio n s. A fte r and a ll 3 dep a rtm en ts on s o m e ta n k e rs, w hile its the negotiatin g c o m m itte e has m e t with the u nion, a ffilia te d la b o r o r g a n iz a tio n s , the P a c ific C oa st the fu ll co m m itte e r e co n v e n e s to d ev elop b arg ain in g M arin e F ir e m e n , O i le r s , W a terten d ers and W ip ers s tra te g y . The negotiatin g su b co m m itte e then r e A s s o c ia t io n (M FOW -SIU) r e p r e s e n ts u n lice n se d p e x su m es b argain in g with the union. T h is co m m itte e son n el o f the. engine d ep a rtm en t and the M arine has no p ow er to bind any com p a n y to settlem en t. C ook s and S tew a rds Union (M C S-SIU ) re p re s e n ts A fte r the grou p a g re e m e n t, the union con clu d e s the stew a rd s dep a rtm en t p e r s o n n e l. E ach o f these n eg otia tion s with each com p a n y s e p a r a te ly . a ffilia te d se a fa rin g unions reta in s its iden tity and autonom y w hile m aintaining c o lle c t iv e b argain in g a g re e m e n ts with a p p ro x im a te ly 35 P a c ific C oa st stea m sh ip co m p a n ie s w hich o p e ra te about 200 ships G en erally , c u r r e n t c o lle c t iv e ba rg a in in g a g r e e m en ts in the in du stry stipulate that, upon re q u e st, with an em p loy m en t potential c lo s e to 1 0 ,0 0 0 jo b s unions disp atch q u a lified and com p eten t m en fr o m in the 3 d e p a rtm e n ts. the top o f the r o ta ry h irin g lis t ; that th ese e m p lo y e e s m ust be s a tis fa c to r y to the o p e r a t o r s , who m a y turn down o r d is ch a rg e th em , p ro v id e d bona T h e se unions r e p r e s e n t th e ir m e m b e rs in d e a l fid e re a s o n s a re given fo r the a ction taken; and ing with v a rio u s e m p lo y e r g r o u p s . M o st o f the that n eith er the o p e r a to r s n o r the unions m ay d i s em p loy in g c o m p a n ie s a re r e p r e s e n te d by 2 la r g e crim in a te against anyone f o r union o r nonunion e m p lo y e r a s s o c ia t io n s . a ffilia tio n . 1. T h e A m e r ic a n M erch a n t M arin e In stitu te, In c . (A M M l). — The AM M I r e p r e s e n ts the m a jo r ity o f the S h ippin g co m p a n ie s on the A tla n tic and G ulf C o a sts in th eir n egotia tion s with m a r itim e la b or u n ion s. S e v e r a l co m m itte e s have b een e sta b lish ed within the AM M I to r e p r e s e n t v a rio u s e m p lo y e r g rou p s arou n d the b a rg a in in g ta b le; they a re n ot, h o w e v e r , e m p o w e re d to bin d a com p a n y r e p re s e n te d to a c o n tr a c t. E ach com p a n y m u st c o n cu r and sign a fin al a g re e m e n t in d iv id u a lly . Any com p an y m ay re fu s e to r a tify a fin al settlem en t and is n ot le g a lly bound to a c c e p t a c o n tr a c t a g r e e d to by groups with the A M M I. 2 • T he P a c ific M a ritim e A s s o c ia t io n (P M A ). — The P M A r e p r e s e n ts A m e r ic a n fla g co m p a n ies on the W est C o a st in c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g with v a riou s se a fa rin g u n ion s. Unlike the A M M I, the a g reem en ts n eg otia ted by P M A a r e binding on a ll com p a n ies a u th orized b y P M A to b a rg a in in th e ir b e h a lf and co n tr a c ts a re e x e cu te d b y P M A o ffic ia ls ra th er than by ea ch a u th orizin g co m p a n y . A th ird g ro u p , an in fo rm a l A tlan tic and G ulf A s s o c ia t io n , a ls o e x is ts to n eg otia te with the S e a fa r e r s * In tern ation al U nion, A tlan tic and G ulf D is t r ic t . O r ig in a lly , the co m p a n ie s in this grou p w ere m e m b e r s o f the A M M I, but ba rga in in g d ifficu ltie s ca u se d the co m p a n ie s tinder c o n tr a c t with SIU to The c o lle c t iv e b argain in g a g r e e m e n ts , e n tered into by the d iffe re n t u n ion s, fo r a ll p r a c tic a l p u r p o s e s , a re c lo s e ly r e la te d , stipulating a p p ro x i m a te ly the sa m e w age s c a l e s , h ou rs o f la b o r , and oth er w ork in g con d ition s f o r the r e s p e c t iv e lic e n s e d and u n lice n se d sea m en c o v e r e d by the c o n tr a c ts . The b a s ic d iffe r e n c e am ong the v a rio u s ag reem en ts re la te s to types o f sh ip s; i. e ., c a r g o , p a s s e n g e r , o r ta n k er. B en efits gained by any one union a re often in c o rp o r a te d in the oth er union a g r e e m e n ts . One im p ortan t ex ce p tio n to the stan d ard iza tion o f te rm s is found in the c u r r e n t S a ilo r s Union o f the P a c ific (SUP) c o n tr a c t a ffectin g h ou rs o f w ork and c e r ta in p re m iu m pay p r a c t ic e s . In the 1955 n e g o tia tio n s, the SUP e sta b lish e d a w age pattern unique in m a ritim e h isto ry , w hich in c o rp o r a te d c e r tain p rem iu m pay in the b a s ic m onthly w a g e s. The p r e v io u s ly e sta b lish e d w ork in g h ou rs at s e a and in p o r t w e re m ain tain ed, b a s e d on 56 h ou rs at s e a and 40 h ou rs in p o rt fo r w atch stan d ers and 40 h ou rs a w eek both at s e a and in p o r t fo r d a y w o r k e r s , h ours w hich a re s im ila r in all union c o n t r a c t s . Until this tim e , w atch stan d ers w e re paid a penalty rate fo r all h o u rs w ork ed on Saturday and Sunday. The new c o n tr a c t elim in a ted the penalty pay fo r Saturday and Sunday as such and in c o rp o r a te d the a v era g e am ount ea rn e d by w atch stan d ers and d a y w ork ers in a m onth into the b a s ic m on th ly wage« s c a le . The r e s u lt was the e lim in a tio n o f the pen alty pay ra te fr o m the a g r e e m e n t, and this pay w as r e fle c t e d in the new w age r a t e s . T h is new w age p attern did n ot a ctu a lly a ffe c t the w o rk w e e k , s in c e a ll w a tch sta n d ers w ork 56 h ou rs at s e a . What it did do w as e lim in a te the e x t r a -p a y p r o v is io n f o r Saturdays a n d Sundays w h ile reta in in g the e x tr a pay. T h is a g re e m e n t, h ow ever, s t ill con ta in s p r o v is io n s f o r a s p e c ia l ra te fo r c e r t a in s p e c ifie d it e m s . O th er a g re e m e n ts in the se a fa r in g in d u stry s t ill p ro v id e p re m iu m pay f o r a ll h ou rs o v e r 40 p e r w eek , and a ll unions stipu late that w a tch sta n d ers at s e a w o rk 56 h ou rs p e r w eek . th ese paym ents a re f o r s p e c ific h ou rs o f e m p lo y m en t, but in a few c a s e s the c o n tr a c ts p ro v id e fo r the paym ent o f 1 o r 2 h ou rs o f penalty o r o v e r tim e pay fo r the p e r fo r m a n c e o f a s p e c ifie d jo b and is not dependent upon the actual tim e taken to p e r fo r m the jo b . The co n tr a c ts a ls o have n u m erou s p r o v is io n s f o r su p p lem en ta ry paym ents fo r s p e c ific task s o r fo r s p e c ific situ a tion s. S om e ex a m p les o f th ese p r o v is io n s fo llo w : W a r -r is k bon u ses o f s p e c ifie d am ounts p er day a re p ro v id e d f o r when a sh ip is in a d esign ated w a r -r is k a r e a . N egotia ted R a tes and P r e m iu m P a y P r a c t ic e s The m in im u m c o n tr a c t ra te s in e ffe c t at the tim e o f the study (M ay 1957) and in M ay 1958, a re p re s e n te d in ta b le 3 . In m any c o n t r a c ts , the b a s e ra te v a r ie s a c c o r d in g to the s iz e o r type o f sh ip . On p a s s e n g e r sh ips w h ere s e v e r a l se a m en a re r e q u ire d in a ra tin g , the r e s p o n s ib ilitie s m ay be c l e a r ly d iv id ed and the c o n tr a c ts fre q u e n tly p ro v id e f o r d iffe r e n t ra tes f o r e a ch in dividu al p o s itio n . F o r e x a m p le , m o s t p a s s e n g e r sh ips c a r r y s e v e r a l ra d io o f f i c e r s and the c o n tr a c t m a y s p e c ify a d iffe re n t ra te fo r ea ch su ch p o s itio n on a g iv en sh ip . In addition to the b a se r a t e s , a ll c o n tr a c ts p r o v id e f o r addition al paym en ts fo r c e r ta in con d ition s o r a c t iv it ie s . A d d ition a l paym ents a re la r g e ly the r e s u lt o f p r o v is io n s found in m a ritim e la b o r a g r e e m en ts f o r o v e r tim e o r pen alty p a y m en ts. T h e se p r o v is io n s p r e s c r ib e e x tr a co m p e n sa tio n f o r a w ide v a r ie ty o f a c tiv itie s and s p e c ify the s p e c ia l pay ra te s a p p lica b le t o v a r io u s types o f o v e r tim e w ork b y p e r s o n n e l in d iffe r e n t pay c a t e g o r ie s , o r under d iffe r e n t tim e situ a tio n s. A stipu lated h ou rly o v e r tim e ra te o f 40 ce n ts f o r u n lice n se d p e r s o n n e l f i r s t a p p e a re d in the A tla n tic A g re e m e n t o f A ugust 1917, and in 1918, this ra te w as in c r e a s e d to 60 c e n t s . U ntil 1935, ev en though o v e r tim e paym ents w e re stip u la ted , they w e r e op tion a l and, t h e r e fo r e , m e a g e r b e c a u s e ship o p e r a to r s co u ld e ith e r pay ca sh o r gran t c o m p e n s a to r y tim e o f f . In 1937, the a g r e e m en t sig n e d b y the W est C o a st o p e r a to r s at the c o n c lu s io n o f a m a jo r s trik e e x clu d e d the option al p r o v is io n . O v e rtim e ra te s o f 70 ce n ts an hour fo r u n lice n se d se a m e n and $1 f o r lic e n s e d o f f ic e r s w e r e in c o r p o r a te d in the la b o r a g r e e m e n ts . S in ce 1937, the p re m iu m pay p r o v is io n s have b e c o m e an im porta n t part o f a ll se a fa rin g c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g a g r e e m e n ts . An in c r e a s e in b a s ic w ages a p p lie s g e n e r a lly to e x is tin g o v e r t im e , penalty p a y , and s p e c ia l ra te s as w e ll. A su m m a ry o f the v a r iou s p re m iu m earn in g p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g o v e rtim e and penalty paym ents is p re s e n te d in table 4 . Such paym en ts a re on a stipu lated h o u rly b a s is . U su ally D iv isio n o f w ork paym ents a re p ro v id e d fo r w hen, in s p e c ific situ a tio n s, a ship d oes not have a fu ll co m p le m e n t. Such paym ents a re m ade to sea m en who m u st p e r fo r m som e o f the task s o f the m is s in g c r e w m e m b e r s . P a s s e n g e r pay is p ro v id e d when c a r g o ships a re c a r r y in g p a s s e n g e r s and a re not sta ffed fo r p a s s e n g e r s e r v i c e . T h ose sea m en en gaged in s e r v ing p a s s e n g e r s a re then given su p p lem en tary pay fo r th eir e x tra d u ties. E x tra m e a l paym ents a r e m ade to m e m b e r s o f the stew a rd s dep artm en t who s e r v e e x tra m e a ls to g u ests o r m aintenance w o rk e rs who a re te m p o r a r ily a b oa rd when the ship is in p o r t. Such paym ents a re g e n e ra lly a fla t am ount p e r m e a l fo r each p e r son s e r v e d . P en alty c a r g o paym ents a re p ro v id e d when a ship is c a r r y in g dan gerou s o r d is a g re e a b le c a r g o . The nature o f th ese paym ents v a r ie s by c o n tr a c t. No c le a n lin en paym ents m a y be m ade when sea m en a re n ot p ro v id e d with c le a n lin en at s p e c i fie d in te r v a ls . In add ition to the above ex a m p les o f su p p le m en ta ry p ay, c o n tra cts p ro v id e f o r b o a r d and lo d g ing a llow a n ces when sea m en a re f o r c e d to go a sh o re f o r s p e c ifie d r e a s o n s . T ra n sp o rta tio n pay is p r o v id ed a ls o under c e r ta in co n d itio n s . T h ese la tter 2 types o f paym ent a re c o n s id e r e d ex p en se a llo w a n ces and a re not in clu d ed in the study o f e a rn in g s . O ther types o f p a y , su ch as to o l allow a n ce fo r c a r p e n te r s and u n ifo rm a llow a n ces f o r c e r ta in p a s se n g e r ra tin g s , a re p ro v id e d f o r in s o m e c o n tr a c ts . T h e se w e re c o n s id e r e d as part o f the b a se pay. P a y in lie u o f o v e r tim e is p ro v id e d f o r som e n on w atchstanding o f f i c e r ra tin g s , and it was c o n s id e r e d as p a rt o f the b a se pay f o r p u rp o se s o f this study. < TABLE 3. MINIMUM RATES — MAY 1957 AND MAY 1958 (Minimum daily base rates, U and hourly overtime and penalty rates for seamen manning seagoing dry-cargo ships in the United States Maritime Industry by rating and by coast) Atlantic and Gulf Coasts Rating Bast rate West Coast Overtime rate Penalty rate May 1957 May 1958 May 1957 May 1958 May 1957 May 1958 Chief mates ..... ............. .......... Second mates ........................... Third mates.... ...................... . Fourth mates ........................... Radio officers .......................... $24*55 18.25 16.57 15.10 17.89 $26.02 19.34 17.56 16,01 18,97 $3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 *3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 $2.32 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.32 Chief engineers .......................... First assistant engineers .................. Second assistant engineers ................. Third assistant engineers .................. Junior third assistant engineers............ Licensed junior engineers 2 / ........ ....... 33.75 24.57 18.27 16.58 15.12 15.53 35.78 26.04 19.37 17.58 16.03 16.47 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 Bosuns .......... ............. ......... Carpenters ........................... . Deck maintenance ........................ Able-bodied seamen ....................... Ordinary seaneq......................... 14.30 13.39 12.28 lb.11 8.63 (a/) 0/ a/) 11.78 9.15 2.10 2.10 2.06 2.06 1.60 Unlicensed junior engineers ................ Electricians ............................ Second electricians..... ...... ........ . Engine maintenance........ ...... ........ Oilers ................................ Firemen, water tenders .................... Vipers ................................ 12.76 17.64 16.43 11.94 11.11 11.11 10,40 13.53 18.70 17.42 (2/) 11.78 11.78 11.02 Chief stewards .......................... Cooks ............... ................ . Cooke and bakers.... ................. . Assistant cooks .......................... Messmen .............. ................. 14.50 13.07 12.76 11.49 8.56 15.37 (2/) 13.53 12.18 9.08 Base rate May 1957 May 1958 $2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 $24.57 18.27 16.58 15.12 17.89 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 (2/) (2/) (2/) 2.18 1.70 - - 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.06 2.06 2.06 1.60 2.23 2.23 2.23 (2/) 2.18 2.18 1.70 _ _ - - 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.06 1.60 2.23 (2/) 2.23 2.18 1.70 _ - - _ _ - - - - “ Overtime rate Renalty rate May 1957 May 1958 May 1957 May 1958 $26.04 19.37 17.57 16.03 18.97 ■$3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 $3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 $2.32 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.32 $2,46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 33.75 24.57 18.27 16.58 15.12 15.53 35.77 26.04 19.37 17.57 16.03 16.46 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.49 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 3.70 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.32 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 16.23 15.17 14.27 U 15.10 y H.97 17.13 16.00 15.05 y 15.93 Z/ 12.63 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.12 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.25 . - _ - 14.48 17.70 16.57 13.73 11.68 11.68 11.20 15.28 18.67 17.48 14.48 12.33 12.33 11.82 2.81 2.31 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.12 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.25 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.81 1.45 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.92 1.54 18.95 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.81 2.12 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.25 _ _ - - y 17.97 y 16.87 y 15.80 y 14.03 y 11.97 y y 17.80 y 16.67 14.80 y 12.63 y - 1/ Rates shown are minimum daily base rates on dry-cargo vessels. They include pay in lieu of overtime or nonwatch standing allowance where applicable. Rates for passenger and tanker- vessels were frequently higher. On the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, when the rates were different in the 2 unions representing unlicensed seamen the lowest rates are shown. The dif ferences were generally very small. 2/ Licensed junior engineers were not carried on the sm aller types of vessels. T/ In negotiation at time of preparation, rate is same as May 1957. ? / Rate is for a 56-hour week at sea and a 40*hour week in port. TABLE 4. PRINCIPAL PREMIUM PAY PROVISIONS (Contract provisions specifying payment of overtime (OT), penalty time (PT), or a special rate (SR) in contracts in effect in May 1957) Licensed personnel Selected premium pay provision Deok department Engine department MfP "niltrimetd personnel Radio officers MBBA ARA All ROC RMU Deck department Engine department Stewards department SOP MTOV MBS SIU At sea In port At sea In port At eea In pert At eea In port At sea In port At aaa In port At aaa In pari At sea In port At aaa In port UATCHSTAHEBRS (56-hour workweek) All hours in excels of S per day.............. Vatehes on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays..... . Bed and hath linen not changed y ............. Supervising tank cleaning........... ........ Supervising tank cleaning (in overtine hours)..... Duties outside regular work.................. Work between 9 p. m. and 9 a, n ................ Bntering and cleaning tanks ...... ............ Tending livestock......................... Paint spraying and shellacking................ Handling nail or baggage.......... *..... . Breaking out soaring lines................... Rigging or securing gear after $ p. l........... Cleaning radio roon........................ ReMtrioted shore leave ...................... Handling cargo ............................ Cleaning holds (penalty cargo) ................ Sailing delayed in axeeee of 1 hour ............ OT PT PT - OT OT PT - OT PT PT - OT OT PT - OT OT OT - OT OT OT - OT OT SR - OT OT SR • OT SR - OT • SR - OT PT SR - OT OT SR - OT • SR - OT SR - OT OT OT • or or OT OT OT OT • OT OT 2/ OT OT OT - g/ OT OT -• OT OT OT OT OT - . OT “ 2/ or OT OT 2/ OT OT OT OT OT OT 2/OT OT OT SR OT OT OT OT y or OT or SR OT OT OT OT OT SR SR SR SR OT OT SR SR - SR SR SR SR OT OT SR SR OT 2/ or SR - • 2/ OT SR OT _ - . OT OT OT or PT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT SR OT OT OT SR of PT OT OT OT OT OT OT . OT OT - SR SR 2/ OT 2/ or y OT y OT SR SR 2/ OT 2/ OT PT OT PT or or or PT - PT or PT - PT OT PT OT or or PT - OT OT SR . OT 2/ OT OT 2/ OT OT OT OT OT OT - OT OT SR OT 2/OT OT 2/ or OT OT OT OT OT or SR SR • SR SR - - SR SR SR SR SR - SR y or SR • y or • OT .. _ _ • SR OT • • SR OT OT SR OT OT SR SR SR SR SR SR SR SR SR - SR SR SI SR SR SR OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT OT SR SR SR OT OT SR OT - OT - SR _ OT OT or OT or OT OT OT OT OT OT 01 OT - - OT PT PT PT SR • • - or OT PT PT SR OT PT OT OT PT PT PT SR - or OT PT PT SR OT PT or OT PT PT OT OT PT OT PT PT SR SR PT OT PT OT OT OT OT DAYWORKERS (AO-hour workweek) All hours in excess of 8 per day.............. Work on Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays ........ Bntering and cleaning tanks.................. Entering and tanks (in overtime hours).............. .................. All work between 6 p. n . and 6 a. n. (stewards department) .... ..... ............ Cleaning bilges.................... ...... Cleaning bilges (in overtime hours) ........ . Handling eargo ...... ........ ............. Handling eargo (in overtime hours) ............. Handling mall or baggage.................... Handling mail or baggage (in overtime hours)...... Sailing dslaysd in excess of 1 hour.... ....... Restricted shore leave ..................... Bed end bath linen not changed j / ............. Tending livestock ......................... Preparing holds for cargo.................. . Cleaning holds (penalty eargo) ................ Spraying end shellacking .................... Gangway watch (stewards department) ........... All work between 5 p . n . and 8 a. n . on week days, Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays .... OT OT y y OT OT OT - SR SR - OT OT 1/ On weekly basis. II Overtime rate and one-half during overtime hours. 7/ Double overtime during overtime hours. 7/ Overtime to wipers for painting during overtime hours; penalty is paid to wipers for spraying during straight-time hours and a special rate is paid during overtime hours. OT OT 18 Seam en's D aily Earnings In the e a r ly h is to r y o f the U nited States M e r chant M a rin e , the m eth od and am ount o f paym ent to sea m en m anning U nited States m erch a n t ships v a r ie d g re a tly am on g v e s s e l s . F re q u e n tly , o ffi c e r s w e r e given a sh are o f the p r o fit o f a voyage w ith out any guaranty o f m in im u m pay. L ivin g and w ork in g co n d itio n s on ^>oard ship w e r e freq u en tly b a d , and the sea m en w e r e m o r e o r le s s at the m e r c y o f the sh ip’ s capta in . 10 T o d a y , m in im u m stan d ards a re m ain tain ed and pay s c a le s a r e s p e c ifie d in union a g re e m e n ts w h ich c o v e r p r a c tic a lly a ll sh ip b oa rd e m p lo y e e s . Union c o n tr a c ts in the m a r itim e in d u stry p r o vid e m on th ly pay s c a le s a c c o r d in g to c r e w ra tin g s. T h e se s c a le s a r e tra n sla te d into d a ily r a te s by d ivid in g the m on th ly ra te b y 3 0. 11 In m any c a s e s , sea m en a r e paid a fu ll da y’ s b a se pay r e g a r d le s s o f tim e a ctu a lly w o rk e d . F o r th is r e a s o n , an h ou rly rate fo r b a s e pay is se ld o m u sed . P re m iu m pay, both o v e r tim e and pen alty, is paid on a stipu lated h o u rly b a s is . U nder c e r ta in c o n d itio n s , sea m en ca n e a r n o v e r tim e o r pen alty pay during h is r e g u la r w o rk p e r io d s . In m o s t c a s e s , the p r e m iu m pay is fo r h o u rs o f w o r k not c o v e r e d by his b a s e pay. Since a ctu a l h o u rs e m p lo y e d w e re not r e a d ily a v a ila b le , it w a s im p r a c t ic a l to d eterm in e a v e ra g e h o u rly ea rn in g s f o r sea m en . It is a ls o so m e tim e s a rg u e d that a sea m a n , sin ce he is not fr e e to le a v e the ship, is on duty at a ll t im e s . Su pplem en tary pay, a s stu died, is not p ro v id e d on the b a s is o f tim e w o r k e d . W a r -r is k bonus p a y m en ts a re m ade fo r e a ch day the ship is in a d e s ignated r is k a r e a . P a ym en t fo r se rv in g e x tra m e a ls is on the b a s is o f num ber o f m e a ls s e r v e d , and "p a s s e n g e r p a y " is p ro v id e d f o r sea m en w ho have e x tra du ties w hen p a s s e n g e r s a r e c a r r ie d o n a c a r g o ship that has not b e e n s p e c ific a lly m anned to a c c o m m odate th em . O ther su p plem en ta ry pay p r o v is io n s such a s "p e n a lty c a r g o " o r "n o c le a n lin e n " a ls o cannot be a s s o c ia t e d w ith h o u rs o f w o rk . B e c a u s e o f the a b ove pay co n d itio n s, seam en ’ s e a rn in g s in th is study a r e p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f d a ily ra th er than h ou rly ea rn in g s , and h en ce d iffe r s fr o m m o s t w age stu d ies m ade b y the B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s . Data a r e p re s e n te d f o r g r o s s d a ily e a rn in g s and fo r the p re m iu m pay com pon en t o f g r o s s e a rn in g s . Data on su p p lem en tary pay, w h ich is a ls o in clu d ed in the g r o s s pay, a r e p r e sented in a sep a ra te tabu lation . F r o m the o p e r a to r s v iew p oin t, m o s t o f the p r e m iu m pay re suiting fr o m p r o v is io n s in the c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g co n tr a c ts is m ade n e c e s s a r y by c o n d i tio n s w h ich a r e u n av oid able, i . e . , w ork on w e e k ends f o r c e r ta in m e m b e r s o f the c r e w w hile at sea is n e c e s s a r y f o r a 2 4 -h ou r d ay, 7 -d a y w eek o p e r a tio n . The v a ria b le in a v e ra g e d a ily ea rn in g s o f sea m en am on g v e s s e ls and v o y a g e s is th e r e fo r e attribu table to the p re m iu m pay p r o v is io n s w h ich m ight be a v o id a b le , su ch a s m aintenance w o rk that can be d ela y ed until the ship is in p o rt, o r the a v oid a n ce o f m any m in o r p e n a ltie s, such a s th ose re su ltin g fr o m the se rv in g o f e x tra m e a ls . H ow e v e r , m any ty p es o f p re m iu m pay p r o v is io n s w hich a r e th e o r e tic a lly c o n tro lla b le a r e n e c e s s a r y to the o r d e r ly d a y -t o -d a y o p e ra tio n o f a sh ip. 12 The b a se w age ra te fo r seam en a ccou n ted in M ay 1957 fo r about tw o -th ir d s o f th e ir a v e ra g e d a ily e a rn in g s . N ea rly a ll o f the re m a in d e r w as the r e s u lt o f the p re m iu m pay p r a c t ic e s f o r o v e r tim e o r fo r w o rk c o n s id e r e d h a z a rd ou s o r d is a g r e e a b le . O nly about 1 p e rce n t o f sea m en ’ s a v e ra g e ea rn in gs in e a r ly 1957 w a s attrib u ta b le to su p p le m en ta ry paym en ts such a s w a r - r i s k bon u s p a y m e n ts, se rv in g e x tra m e a ls , o r f o r d iv is io n o f w o rk w hen the ship had le s s than a fu ll co m p le m e n t. T h e a v e ra g e d a ily pay fo r m en (ex cep t m a s t e r s and ca d e ts ) w ho w ent to sea in U nited States flag v e s s e ls i n M a y 1957 w as $ 2 0 . 19 a day. (See ta b le A - l . ) O f th is, $ 6 .2 1 w a s paym ent f o r an a v e ra g e o f 2 .8 h ou rs o f w o rk c a llin g fo r p re m iu m pay, and 23 cen ts w as fo r su p p lem en tary pay p r o v is io n s . T h e b a la n ce , $ 1 3 .7 5 , w a s the a v e ra g e d a ily b a s e pay, fo r a ll sea m en . E a rn in g s o f L ic e n s e d O ffic e r s 10 F o r an a cco u n t o f co n d itio n s fo r sea m en in the in du stry fr o m the tu rn o f the cen tu ry to m o d e r n tim e s , se e J osep h P . G o ld b e rg , "T h e M a r i tim e S t o r y ," op . c it . 11 If the voyage la s t s o v e r 1 m onth, h o w e v e r, the seam a n is paid on the b a s is o f h is m onthly rate plu s the d a ily ra te f o r a ll d a y s o v e r the c o m p lete m on th s. T h e r e fo r e , the pay p e r a ctu al num b e r o f days fo r a voya g e m a y v a ry depending on w heth er the tim e in v o lv e d is a 2 8 -, 3 0 -, o r 3 1 -d a y m onth. Data a r e p re s e n te d in th is r e p o r t on the b a s is o f days paid fo r ra th e r than d a y s w ork ed . U sing d a y s w o r k e d , h o w e v e r , w ou ld have had v e r y little e ffe c t on the data p r e s e n te d . In a d d itio n to th e ir b a s e ra te , o f f i c e r s g e n e ra lly r e c e iv e d tw o ty p e s o f p re m iu m pay, $ 3 .4 9 p e r hour fo r tim e c la s s e d a s o v e r tim e and $ 2 .3 2 f o r tim e c la s s e d a s penalty tim e . T h e se ra te s w e r e the sam e fo r a ll o f f i c e r ra tin gs r e g a r d le s s o f th eir b a se ra te . N on w atch stan ders w e r e p aid a m on th ly rate 12 F o r the c la s s ific a t io n o f c o n tr o lla b le and au to m a tic (n o n co n tro lla b le ) o v e r tim e , and the re la tiv e p r o p o r tio n s , see S eafa rin g O v e rtim e on P r iv a te ly O p erated U nited States F la g M erch an t Ships, U . S. D epartm en t o f C o m m e r c e , M a ritim e A d m in is tr a tion , O cto b e r 1954. 19 nin lie u o f o v e r t im e 11 and th e se p aym en ts fo r p u r p o s e s o f th is study w e r e c o n s id e r e d p a rt o f b a s e p ay. O ffic e r s w e r e a ls o e lig ib le fo r som e ty p es o f su p p lem en ta ry pay, such a s w a r - r i s k b on u ses o r e x tr a pa ym en ts when the ship w a s c a r r y in g e x p lo s iv e s o r oth er (fo r m s o f pen alty c a r g o . M ost o f f i c e r s ra tin g s a r e r e p r e s e n te d b y unions w hich have c o n tr a c ts on a ll c o a s ts and the c o n tr a c ts w ith in dividu al co m p a n ie s o r a s s o c ia t io n s a r e b a s ic a lly the sa m e . D iffe r e n c e in d a ily e a rn in g s in the sam e ra tin g , th e r e fo r e , a r e a lm o s t e n tir e ly due to the am ount o f p re m iu m o r su p plem en ta ry pay e a rn e d . L ic e n s e d o f f i c e r s (ex clu d in g m a s t e r s ) a s a g rou p a v e ra g e d $ 2 9 * 8 0 a d a y . T h is i n c l u d e d 2 . 8 h o u rs o f p re m iu m pay am ounting to $ 8 . 2 1 (table A - l ) and 21 ce n ts in su p p lem en tary pay. O ffic e r s w e r e a lm o s t ev e n ly d iv id ed b etw een the d e c k and en gin e d ep a rtm e n ts, w ith ea ch grou p r e p re se n tin g about one - ninth o f the to ta l w ork in g c r e w s . O ff ic e r s in the engine dep artm en t had slig h tly h igh er a v e r a g e e a rn in g s , ev en though they a v e ra g e d l e s s p re m iu m pay p e r d a y. A v e r a g e s o f $ 2 9 * 0 4 g r o s s , in clu d in g 3 .2 h o u rs and $ 9 * 2 2 o f p re m iu m pay, w e r e r e c o r d e d fo r d e ck o f f i c e r s (ex clu d in g m a s t e r s ) and $ 3 0 .5 6 g r o s s , in clu din g 2 .5 h o u rs and $ 7 . 1 9 o f p r e m iu m pay, fo r en g in e e rin g o f f i c e r s . C h ie f e n g in e e rs a v e ra g e d $ 3 9 * 1 4 a day, in clu din g an a v e ra g e o f $ 1. 87 a day o f ex tra va ca tion a llo w a n ce w h ich w as c o n s id e r e d a s p re m iu m pay f o r p u rp o se s o f th is study. 13 The b a s e pay fo r c h ie f e n g in e e rs v a r ie d by s iz e and type o f v e s s e l and a v e ra g e d (in clu din g pay in lie u o f o v e r tim e ) about $ 37. In g e n e ra l, the a v e ra g e d a ily e a rn in g s o f the c h ie f m a te s w e r e c o m p a ra b le to th ose o f the f ir s t a ss is ta n t en g in e e r ($ 3 6 ); se co n d m a te s to secon d a ss is ta n t e n g in e e rs ($ 2 9 ); th ird m a te s to th ird a s sistan t e n g in e e rs ($ 2 7 ); and fou rth m a tes to ju n ior th ird (o r fo u rth ) a ss is ta n t e n g in e e r s ( $ 2 5 - $ 2 6 ). A s noted e a r l ie r , o f f i c e r s in the d e ck d ep a rtm en t g e n e r a lly a v e ra g e d slig h tly h igh er p re m iu m e a rn in g s . R a dio o f f i c e r s a v e ra g e d $ 2 7 .6 1 a day, including $ 9 . 0 8 fo r 3 . 1 h o u rs o f p re m iu m pay. P u rsers, w ho w e r e c a r r ie d on on ly p a rt o f the v e s s e l s , a v e r a g e d about $23 a day. P a s s e n g e r p u r s e r s g en e r a lly e a rn ed m o r e than p u r s e r s on oth er ty p es o f v e s s e l s , la r g e ly ow ing to m o r e p re m iu m tim e . The a v e ra g e fo r o f f i c e r s w a s 1.6 h ou rs o f o v e r tim e pay and 1.2 h ou rs o f penalty pay p e r day, with the h igh er ra tin gs having h igh er p r o p o r tio n of o v e r tim e and the lo w e r ra tin gs g e n e r a lly having a h igher p r o p o r tio n o f penalty tim e , a s shown in the fo llo w ing tabulation: O vertim e P en a lty R acin g H ours C h ie f m ates ______ ______ . . . ____ _ S e co n d m a c e s _____ . . . . . . . . . _____ T h ird m a t e s _______- ______________ F ourth m a t e s ____________ ____ ____ R a d io o f fic e r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ___ 2 .7 1 .8 1 .7 1 .3 1 .8 1 9 .2 0 5 .9 1 5 .4 8 4 .5 3 5 .9 6 0 .6 1 .5 1 .6 2 .0 1 .3 1 1 .3 9 3 .5 7 3 .7 1 4 .6 4 3 .1 2 C h ie f e n g in e e rs __________________ F ir s t a s s is t a n t e n g i n e e r s -----------S e c o n d a s s is t a n t e n g i n e e r s -------T h ird a s s is t a n t e n g in e e r s ---------Junior third a s s is t a n t _____ . .. e n g in e e rs ____ L ic e n s e d ju n ior e n g in e e rs ____ _ .5 2 .4 1 .6 1 .4 1 .8 5 7 .9 1 5 .4 2 4 .6 1 C 1) .7 1 .5 1 .5 C 1) 1 .7 3 3 .4 8 3 .5 5 1 .0 .8 3 .5 1 2 .6 5 1 .8 1 .4 4 .2 0 3 .2 5 E arnings H ours E arn ings L e s s than 10 c e n ts p er d a y . C o n sid e ra b le v a ria tio n s in d aily ea rn in g s am ong in dividu al o f f i c e r s in the sam e rating w e r e n oted, (table A - 2 ) . T he h igh est d a ily ea rn in g s f o r a p a r ti cu la r rating w e re freq u en tly double the lo w e st e a r n in gs fo r the sam e ra tin g . The m a jo r ity o f o f f i c e r s w ithin a ratin g, h o w e v e r, had d a ily e a rn in g s w hich fe ll w ithin a ran g e o f $ 5 o r l e s s . F o r e x a m p le, tw o -th ir d s o f the th ird m ates ea rn ed betw een $ 25 and $ 3 0 a day and o v e r th r e e -fo u r th s o f the ra d io o p e r a to r s had d a ily earn in gs w ithin that ra n g e . The w id e st v a ria tio n in d a ily ea rn in g s w ithin ea ch rating w as noted am ong c h ie f m a tes and p u r s e r s . M o st lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s r e c e iv e d an a v e ra g e o f fr o m $6 to $ 11 p re m iu m pay p er day. In a few c a s e s , p re m iu m pay r e p re s e n te d h alf o f the in d i vidual tota l ea rn in g s (ta b les A - l and A - 8). Supplem entary pay fo r o f f i c e r s at the tim e o f the study a v e ra g e d 21 ce n ts a day, o f w hich 19 cen ts w as attribu table to w a r -r is k b o n u se s . The oth er 2 cen ts w as p r a c tic a lly a ll due to penalty c a r g o paym ents (table A - 11). E a rn in g s o f U n licen sed Seam en N ea rly fo u r -fift h s o f the seam en su rv e y e d w e re c la s s ifie d a s u n lice n se d . In add ition to th eir b a se pay, they r e c e iv e d p re m iu m pay f o r o v e rtim e and fo r ce rta in ty p es o f w o rk . U nlike the lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s , th e ir o v e rtim e rate d iffe r e d by ra tin g, ra n g ing fr o m $ 1 . 6 0 an hour fo r o rd in a ry sea m en and m e s s m e n on the A tla n tic and G ulf C o a sts to $ 2 * 8 1 an hour fo r the h igh er u n lice n se d ratin gs o n the W est C o a s t. U nder ce rta in co n d itio n s, th ese ra tes w e r e in c r e a s e d by 50 p e rce n t o r doubled* 14 13 C h ie f e n g in e e rs a re not paid a re g u la r o v e r tim e ra te on the r e g u la r p a y r o ll but a r e g iven cr e d it 14 The u n licen sed sea m en in the engine d e p a rt in so m e c a s e s fo r ce r ta in ty p es o f o v e rtim e when m ent on the W est C o a st a ls o have a "pen alty". rate they r e p o r t it, and a r e la te r r e im b u r s e d at th eir in addition to the o v e rtim e ra te . See table 4 fo r r e g u la r h ou rly ra te , g e n e ra lly at the tim e o f th eir s p e c ific p re m iu m pay p ra ctice s* v a ca tio n . 20 Chart 3. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS By Rating, May 1957 RATING LICENSED DECK D O LLA R S $ 3 5 .9 4 C hief motes Chief p urse rs, passenger Second motes T h ird ntqtes Radio o ffic e rs Fo u rth motes A ssisto n t p u rse rs, passenger P u rs e rs , dry-cargo ond tanker LIC ENSED ENG INE C hie f engineers ] 39 .1 4 F irs t a ssista n t engineers Second a ssista n t engineers Th ird a ssista n t engineers Junior th ird a ssisto n t engineers Licensed ju n io r engineers UN LIC EN SED DECK B o suns Carpenters Able-bodied seamen Deck maintenance O rdinary seamen U N LIC EN SED EN G IN E Ele c tric ia n s .................— : ............... □ Second electricians Fire m e n , woter tenders Mllll.ll i i9yi.ii m n u u .ii.ii.il. i........... ...... 1 7 5 6 O ile rs 17.38 Unlicensed ju n io r engineers >1 6 9 4 En g in e maintenance W ip e rs U N LIC EN SED S TE W A R D S C hie f stew ards, passenger C h e fs, passenger Second stew ards, passenger Cooks, passenger Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker A ssista n t cooks, passenger Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker A ssistant cooks,dry-cargo ond tanker W a ite rs, passenger Ste w o rd s, possenger M e ssm e n ,o ll ship s B e llb o y s, passenger UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUR EAU OF LA B O R S T A TIS TIC S 1 6 .3 8 .............. -.... 12.77 2 4 .2 3 2 2 .9 7 21 Chart 4. O VERTIM E COMPARED W ITH PEN A LTY HO URS Average Number of Daily Overtime and Penalty Hours For Selected Licensed Ratings, May 1957 i Chief mates Second mates Third mates Fo u rth m a tes Radio officers Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker Chief engineers 0.5 ...................... ;*■;'* First assistant engineers •ninL......................... ... 2 .4 i Second assistant engineers Third assistant engineers Junior third assistant engineers Licensed iunior engineers Overtime hours UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IS T IC S 1 5 5 ^ Penalty hours 22 A s a g rou p , u n lice n se d se a m e n a v e ra g e d $17.56 p e r day, in clu d in g $ 5 . 6 6 f o r 2 . 8 h ou rs o f p r e m ium pay (table A - l ) . In g e n e r a l d is c u s s io n s o f s e a m e n 's e a rn in g s , r e fe r e n c e is u su a lly m ade to the ratin g o f a b le -b o d ie d se a m e n . M en c la s s ifie d in this ratin g r e p r e s e n t about o n e -e ig h th o f the c r e w and th e ir a v e r a g e p a y o f $ 1 9 .5 0 p e r day was ju st b e lo w the a v e ra g e f o r a ll se a m e n . A b le -b o d ie d se a m e n a v e r a g e d $ 7 . 3 0 f o r 3 . 3 h ou rs o f p rem iu m p a y p e r day* S u p plem en ta ry paym en ts a ccou n ted f o r o n ly 16 cen ts o f th e ir d a ily e a rn in g s . The a v e ra g e b a se pay f o r a b le -b o d ie d sea m en was th e r e fo r e about $ 1 2 . P r o v is io n s re la tin g to b a s e pay v a r ie d a m on g the 3 m a jo r c o lle c t iv e ba rg a in in g units c o v e r in g this ra tin g. W atchstanding s e a m e n r e p r e se n te d b y t h e S a ilo r s Union o f the P a c ific (SU P) r e c e iv e b a se p a y w h ich , s in c e 1955, in clu d es p a rt o f the r e g u la r p re m iu m pay in b a se w a ges and is paid on the b a s is o f 56 h ou rs a w e e k at se a and 40 h ou rs w hen in p o r t. The oth er 2 m a jo r a g re e m e n ts c o v e rin g A B 's p r o v id e f o r p a y s c a le s b a s e d o n a 4 0 -h o u r w e e k and f o r o v e r tim e pa y f o r h ou rs in e x c e s s o f 40. M e ss m e n , w ho a ls o a cco u n t f o r o n e -e ig h th o f the c r e w , a v e ra g e d $ 1 4 . 1 0 a day, o f w hich $ 4 .3 1 w as pay f o r an a v e r a g e o f 2. 6 h ou rs o f p rem iu m w o r k and 38 cen ts w as a cco u n te d f o r by su p p le m en ta ry p a y p r o v is io n s . O ile r s and fir e m e n , w a te r ten d ers, had a lm o s t equal ea rn in gs and ea ch r e p r e s e n te d about o n e sixteen th o f the c r e w . They a v e ra g e d about $17. 50 p e r day, o f w h ich $ 6 re p r e s e n te d 3 h ou rs o f p r e m ium pay and 15 cen ts su p p lem en ta ry p ay. B ase pay f o r th ese ra tin gs w as about equal in the 3 m a jo r b a rg a in in g a g re e m e n ts that d e te rm in e w ages fo r th ese ra tin g s . None o f th ese a g re e m e n ts has in co r p o r a te d p re m iu m p a y in b a s e w a g e s. W ip e r s , r e p r e s e n tin g 5 p e r c e n t o f the c r e w , w e r e the lo w e s t paid se a m e n stu died, with an a v e ra g e o f $ 1 2 . 7 7 p e r day. A lthough th eir a v e ra g e b a s e pay e x c e e d e d that f o r m e s s m e n and o rd in a ry se a m e n , th eir p re m iu m p a y a v e ra g e d on ly $ 2 .0 2 f o r 1.2 h ou rs p e r day, and they ea rn ed on ly 13 cents in su p p lem en ta ry p a y. O rd in a ry se a m e n a v e ra g e d o v e r $2 m o r e p e r day than w ip e r s sin ce they w ork ed an a v e r a g e o f 3 .1 h ou rs at p re m iu m p a y . C h ief stew a rd s and ch efs W ere the h igh est paid u n lice n se d ratin gs on p a s s e n g e r sh ip s; they a v e r a g e d o v e r $ 30 a day e x c lu s iv e o f g ra tu itie s . E le c t r ic ia n s with d a i l y e a r n i n g s o f $ 2 4 .2 3 , in clu d in g $6. 15 f o r 2. 6 h ou rs o f p re m iu m p a y and 28 cen ts o f su p p le m en ta ry pay, w e r e the h igh est paid u n licen sed r a t ing on ships oth er than p a s s e n g e r . A s in the c a s e o f lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s , the d iffe r en ce b etw een lo w e st and h igh est ea rn in gs fo r in d i vidu al u n lice n se d se a m e n in the sa m e rating w as freq u e n tly 100 p e r c e n t. N e a r ly a ll o f the d iffe r e n c e w as due to v a ria tio n s in the am ount o f p rem iu m p ay. The m a jo r ity o f sea m en in m o s t o f the un lic e n s e d ra tin g s, h o w e v e r, had a v e ra g e d a ily e a r n ings w ithin a $ 2 - to $ 4 -r a n g e . In g e n e ra l, the h ig h er the ratin g, the w id e r the range o f ea rn in g s. The w id e st d is p e r s io n w as n oted am ong bosu n s and e le c t r ic ia n s . M o re than h a lf o f the fir e m e n , w ip e r s , c o o k s , and th eir a s s is ta n ts , p a s s e n g e r ste w a rd s, and m e s s m e n w e re w ithin a $ 2 -r a n g e in th eir d aily earn in gs (table A - 3). S u p plem en tary paym ents f o r u n lice n se d sea m en a v e ra g e d 24 cen ts a day, a lm o s t h a lf o f w hich was attrib u ta b le to w a r - r i s k b o n u se s . N e a rly a ll o f the oth er su p p lem en ta ry p ay m en ts, w h ich a v e ra g e d 13 cen ts fo r u n lice n se d sea m en as a g rou p , was earn ed b y sea m en in the stew a rd s dep artm en t. U n licen sed sea m en in the d eck and engine d e p artm en ts a v e ra g e d on ly 3 o r 4 cents in su p p lem en ta ry pay oth er than that f o r w a r - r i s k . In the stew a rd s dep artm en t, the s im ila r a v e ra g e was 28 ce n ts. This am ount w as a lm o s t equ a lly divid ed b etw een paym en ts f o r d iv is io n of w o rk , s e rv in g o f ex tra m e a ls , and p ay f o r ex tra w o rk rela tin g to the c a r r y in g o f p a s s e n g e r s w hen the s h ip 's com p lem en t did not p ro v id e f o r su ch s e r v ic e (table A - 11). Each o f th ese p r o v is io n s am ount to 8 o r 9 cen ts a day when a v e ra g e d o v e r a ll the sea m en in the stew ard s d ep artm en t. N e a rly a ll o f the ratin gs in the stew a rd s d e p artm en t w e re e lig ib le f o r d iv is io n o f w o rk pay if they had to do ex tra w o rk b e ca u s e the dep artm en t did not have a fu ll co m p le m e n t. N e a rly a ll w ere a ls o e lig ib le f o r ex tra p a y if they had to p re p a re o r s e r v e extra m e a ls . The h igh est a v e ra g e su p p le m e n ta ry pay w as r e c e iv e d b y co o k s and th eir a s sistan ts b e ca u s e o f the d iv is io n o f w o rk p r o v is io n s . D esp ite the fa ct that n e a r ly a ll ratings in the stew a rd s dep artm en t w e re e lig ib le f o r such p a y m e n ts, d iv is io n o f w o rk paym ents w e re a ctu a lly r e c e iv e d b y on ly 9 p e r c e n t o f the ratin gs in the d ep artm en t, but the paym en t f o r th ose r e c e iv in g it w as g e n e r a lly high, a v e ra g in g 95 cents a day. E xtra m e a l paym ents w e re m o r e g e n e ra l. A l m o s t a third o f th ose em p loy ed in the departm ent r e c e iv e d so m e ex tra m e a l paym en t, but the am ounts w e r e u su a lly s m a ll and a v e ra g e d on ly 26 cents a day. P a s s e n g e r pay on c a r g o v e s s e ls w as r e c e iv e d on the a v e ra g e b y about on e-ten th o f a il sea m en in the stew a rd s d ep artm en t, m o s tly co o k s and m e s s m en , and those d e ce iv in g it a v e ra g e d 84 cents a day. E arn in gs b y C oa st E arnings of lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s , on the a v e ra g e w e r e a p p ro x im a te ly the sa m e on a il c o a s ts . A v e ra g e p rem iu m h ou rs w e r e s o m e tim e s id en tica l fo i the sam e ratin gs (table A - l ) . U n licen sed sea m en fr o m W est C o a st p o rts a v era g e d $ 1 . 8 1 m o r e p e r day than th ose sa ilin g frorr A tla n tic and Gulf C o a s ts . S eam en on the e a s te ri co a sts a v e ra g e d 3. 0 h ou rs o f p re m iu m pay p e r day, co m p a re d with 2 . 4 h ou rs f o r W est C oa st seam en , but they had a lo w e r p re m iu m p a y ra te. T h eir b a s e ra tes a ls o a v e r a g e d $2 le s s than on the W est C o a st, w h ere so m e o f the p re m iu m pay sin ce 1955 had b een in c o rp o r a te d in the b a se pay o f m o s t o f the W est C o a st c o n tr a c ts . A b le -b o d ie d se a m e n f r o m A tla n tic a n d Gulf p o r t s averaged $18. 56, i n c l u d i n g $ 7 . 1 7 and 3 . 4 h ou rs at p re m iu m pay. F r o m W est C oa st p o r t s , they a v e ra g e d $ 2 1 . 6 1 including $ 7 . 6 0 f o r 3. 1 h ou rs at p re m iu m pa y. W est C o a st a v e r a g e s f o r u n lice n sed seam en w e r e c o n siste n tly h igh er in the d e ck and engine d ep a rtm en ts. W est C o a st a v e r a g e s f o r u n licen sed sea m en in the d eck and engine departm ents w e re about 10 p e r c e n t h igh er than fo r co in p a ra b le ratings on the A tla n tic and Gulf C oa sts (table A - l ) . A v e ra g e p re m iu m h ou rs in the engine dep artm en t w e re fre q u e n tly h igh er on the W est C o a st and prem iu m h ou rs in the d e ck departm en t w e re a lm o s t as high, even though w a tch sta n d ers on the W est C oa st w e re paid f o r a 5 6 -h o u r w eek , c o m p a re d w ith a 4 0 -h o u r w eek on the A tla n tic and Gulf C o a sts . In the ste w a rd s dep artm en t, a v e ra g e d a ily earn in gs w e r e about die sa m e on a ll c o a s ts . A l though b a s e ra te s on the W est C oa st w e re g e n e r a lly f o r a 5 6 -h o u r w eek and th e r e fo r e h ig h e r, the A tla n tic and Gulf C o a sts had a h igh er a v e ra g e num b e r o f prem iu m h o u rs and con seq u en tly h ig h er a v e ra g e prem iu m pay. Som e in d ica tion o f the d is p e r s io n o f earn in gs within the sa m e ratin g can be g iv en b y the range o f ea rn in gs o f the m id d le 50 p e r c e n t o f the seam en w ithin that ra tin g. On this b a s is , the d is p e r s io n o f earn in gs fo r lic e n s e d p e r s o n n e l is about the sam e on a ll c o a s ts . The m id d le 50 p e r c e n t g e n e ra lly fe ll w ithin a $ 5 -r a n g e on both the W est C oa st and the A tlan tic and G ulf C oa sts (ta b les A - 4 and A -6 ). F o r u n lice n se d ra tin g s, the d is p e r s io n of e a rn ings on the W est C o a st w as g e n e r a lly g r e a te r . In the d eck departm en t ra tin g s, the ra n ges (m iddle 50 p e r c e n t) on the W est C oa st w e re $4 o r $5, co m p a re d w ith $2 to $4 on die A tla n tic and Gulf C o a s ts . In the engine dep artm en t, the ran ges w e re on ly slig h tly la r g e r on. the W est C oa st, and in the stew a rd s dep artm en t the A tla n tic and Gulf C oasts ran ges w e re g e n e r a lly as la r g e and s o m e tim e s la r g e r (ta b les A - 5 and A - 7). Seam en on the W est C o a st A la sk an run f r e quently handle c a r g o in p la ce o f lo n g s h o re m e n and con seq u en tly have high p re m iu m earn in gs w hich m ake earn in gs f o r so m e a b le -b o d ie d se a m en range beyon d $30 a day. S upplem entary pay fo r u n licen sed sea m en , e x clu siv e of w a r - r i s k b on u s, was h igh er on the A t lan tic and G ulf C o a sts— 15 pents co m p a re d with 9 cents on the We s t C oa st. N ea rly a ll of the su p p le m e n ta ry pay, e x c lu s iv e o f w a r - r i s k b o n u s e s , was earned in t h e stew ard s departm ent, a v era g in g 32 cents on the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a s t s and 19 c e n t s on the We s t C oa st. M ost of the su p p le m en ta ry pay in the stew ard s departm ent on the We s t C oa st was f o r d iv is io n of w ork , a v era gin g 12 cen ts. On the A tla n tic and Gulf C oa sts the m a jo r su p p lem en tary pay item s w e re f o r se rv in g ex tra m e a ls and f o r p a s s e n g e r pay, a v era g in g 11 and 10 cents a day, r e s p e c t iv e ly . N ea rly 40 p e r cent o f the sea m en in the stew ard s dep artm en t r e ce iv e d paym ents f o r se rv in g ex tra m e a ls on ships fr o m th ose p o rts (tables A - 12 and A - 13). W a r -r is k bonus paym ents f o r a ll sea m en (e x cep t m a s te rs and ca d e ts) a v e ra g e d 11 cents on the W est C oa st and 13 cents on the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a s t s .15 S u bsid ized T rip s Under T itle IV o f the M erch an t M arin e A ct, 1936, as am ended, the F e d e r a l M a ritim e B oa rd , upon a p p rov a l o f a p p lica tion fo r su bsid y, m a y en ter into a co n tra ct with the a p p lica n t, fo r a p e r io d not to e x c e e d 20 y e a r s , in w hich it w ill a g re e to pay no m o r e than the e x c e s s o f the fa ir and re a so n a b le c o s t o f in su ra n ce , m ain ten an ce, re p a ir s not c o v e re d by in su ra n ce, w age a and s u b s is te n ce o f o ffic e r s and cr e w , and oth er item s o f expen se in w hich the B oa rd finds the app lican t is at a disadvantage in co m p e titio n with v e s s e ls o f a fo r e ig n cou n try. The v oy a g es fo r w hich the su b sid ie s a r e paid m u st b e on rou tes and s e r v ic e s design ated b y the M a ritim e A d m in istra tion to be e ss e n tia l to the fo r e ig n c o m m e r c e o f the United States. W hether a v e s s e l is su b sid iz ed a p p ea rs to have little e ffe c t on the a v era g e earn in gs o f sea m en (ch a rt 5). M en on su b sid iz ed d r y - c a r g o v e s s e ls a v e ra g e d slig h tly le s s than those on n on su b sid ized o p e ra tio n s. N e a rly a ll u n lice n se d ratings a v era g ed m o r e p rem iu m pay p e r day on n on su b sid iz ed tr ip s . This re la tion sh ip w as a ls o m aintained when the c o m p a r is o n was lim ite d to s p e c ific types o f sh ip s. Seam en on C -2 and C -3 d r y -c a r g o ships under su b sid y a v era g ed $20.21 p e r day, in clu d in g 2. 6 h ou rs o f p rem iu m p ay. On the sam e type o f n o n su b s i d ized s h i p , t h e a v e ra g e w a s $ 2 0 .4 0 , including 2. 8 h ou rs o f p rem iu m p ay. When co m p a ris o n s b y su b sid y status w e re m ade fo r each c o a s t the r e lationsh ip w as not co n siste n t. O ffice r s on W est C oa st ships had h ig h er a v era g e d a ily earn in gs than those on n on su b sid ized ships (tables A - 15 through A - 18). 15 D uring p a rt o f the p e rio d studied, a re a w as design ated as a w a r - r i s k a re a . the Suez Chart 5. EARNINGS BY SUBSIDY STA TUS OF SHIPS Average Daily Earnings Including Premium Pay of Seamen on Subsidized and Nonsubsidized Dry-Cargo Vessels,May 1957 AVERAGE DAILY PAY AVERAGE DAILY PRE- 0 MIUM PAY $20.38 $5.92 $20.56 $6.34 $29.40 $ 7.90 $29.66 $8.14 Licensed deck department $29.09 $9.27 Licensed engine department S2 9 68 $ $30.73 $7.38 All seamen (except masters and cadets) All licensed seamen ~^ v 10 15 20 25 i i i i r 30 $35 \z y z y z y z / z y z z z z y z z z y z / z y z z z -• ' * ? \ z/ zzzy zzzv zy z/ zzz/ zzy zy zy zy zzzzzzy \z y z / z y z y z / z / z z y y z z y z / z y z_ y y / / z z / / / / / z z z;z? y y z y z y z / z y. z 'yz y y z z y y " / y y y z y / y z y y y y z y z z y z ' y z y z y z z z / z z z z f / / S / S / S ? S t tS / 'S f S / S / '/ £ $28.57 5 z / ^z / z y / y z / / / / / / / / / y / A / v / / / y/J ZZ t y /y r Z'S Z / y z z y z z y z * z y z y y y y y z y z. z y y zy z yy zy zy z » y z y /y zyyyyz yi *. y y y -.y y y z y y y y y y y y . / y y y . z .... $8.89 7“ ~ I */'•»*.z-:/ / * :z y / ' / y y z z ' f / z z z . z / z z z z z y / y z "y y s y y / y y /"/ZZ Z y y y z y y y z >' 7 / / z 1* / v y7 y ^ y z y y y y z / y y * y z y z y z y z z z y z-y z / / y y y / . / y y y z y / y y y y 7 / y y y A W z y z y / V/ y z z :z y z y z z / z1'/ / / / / ./ z y zz/ ./ z z' K / y y / j z y y y z y / y / y z y j f 6 63 V A|l unlicensed seamen Unlicensed deck department Unlicensed engine department $I7J7 $ 4.77 $17.36 $8.11 Average Daily Earnings (including Premium Pay) Subsidized Nonsubsidized Stewards department UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF BUREAU OF LABOR S TA TIS TIC S 25 E arn in gs b y Type o f Ship Union a g re e m e n ts fre q u e n tly s p e c ify ra tes b y type o f ship, p a r tic u la r ly d iffe re n tia tin g betw een p a s s e n g e r , d r y - c a r g o , and ta n k e rs. A v e ra g e d aily earn in gs f o r a ll sea m en w ithin the s c o p e o f study b y type o f ship ranged fr o m $ 1 8 .5 3 fo r p a s s e n g e r ships to $21. 87 fo r ta n k ers. S eam en on d r y -c a r g o v e s s e ls a v e ra g e d $ 2 0 .4 9 . T h ese pay re la tio n sh ip s a ppear to r e s u lt in p a rt fr o m d iffe r e n c e s in the sta ffin g req u ire m e n ts of p a s s e n g e r and c a r g o sh ip s. The num ber o f h ig h e r -p a id ratin gs a re p ro p o r tio n a te ly g r e a te r , f o r ex a m p le, on tan kers than on p a s s e n g e r sh ip s. H en ce, the o v e r a ll pay re la tio n sh ip s a r e not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t e d in co m p a r is o n o f earn in gs fo r individu al ra tin g s. Seam en on p a s s e n g e r sh ip s, r a tin g -b y -r a tin g , g e n e r a lly a v e ra g e d slig h tly m o r e than th ose on d r y - c a r g o sh ips— la r g e ly if not en t ir e ly due to a slig h tly h igh er a v e ra g e n um ber of h ou rs at p rem iu m pay (table A - 19). N e a rly a ll ratin gs on tankers a v e ra g ed a h ig h er n u m b er o f h ou rs at p rem iu m p a y and g r e a te r e a r n ings than did co m p a ra b le ratin gs on d r y -c a r g o o r p a s s e n g e r sh ip s. D a ily p rem iu m h ou rs w ork ed a b o a rd tan kers e x ce e d e d d a ily p rem iu m h ou rs r e p o rte d f o r d ry -ca trgo ships b y 30 p e r c e n t. The in c r e a s e in p rem iu m tim e is p r im a r ily cau sed b y discon tin u a tion o f m ain ten an ce w o rk w h ile a tanker is loadin g o r d isch a rg in g its c a r g o in p o r t, w hich n e c e s s it a t e s doing the e s s e n tia l m ain ten an ce w ork a fte r the tanker retu rn s to se a . C o m p a riso n s o f a v e ra g e d a ily ea rn in gs am on g 5 types o f d r y - c a r g o ships show that L ib e r ty ships had the h igh est a v e ra g e p rem iu m h ou rs in m o s t o f the ratin gs and h igh est a v e ra g e d a ily e a rn in g s, p a r tic u la r ly am on g the u n lice n se d r a tin g s . L ib e rty sh ips g e n e r a lly c a r r ie d s m a lle r c r e w s than the oth er types co m p a re d . M o r e o v e r , they w e r e c o n stru cte d as expen dab le v e s s e ls and have rea ch ed an a g e w h e re m ain ten an ce is h ig h e r than on m o s t oth er d r y - c a r g o v e s s e ls (table A - 2 1 ) . C o m p a riso n s b etw een c o a s t s , w hen lim ite d to s p e c if ic types o f d r y - c a r g o sh ip s, r e fle c te d a lm o s t the sa m e earn in gs d iffe r e n c e s a s th ose f o r a ll ships com b in e d , w ith the W est C o a st p o r ts a v e ra g in g $1 to $3 m o r e p e r day f o r a ll u n lice n se d sea m en in 4 o f the 5 t y p e -o f-s h ip c a t e g o r ie s , On bu lk c a r r i e r s , a v e r a g e s w e r e a lm o s t the sa m e (tables A -2 2 and A -2 3 ). Inter c o a s t d iffe r e n c e s in ea rn in gs w e re g r e a te s t f o r u n lice n se d s e a m e n in the d e c k d e p a rt m en t and fo r e le c t r ic ia n s . P o r t P r o v is io n s L a b o r a g re e m e n ts con tain m an y p r o v is io n s d ealin g w ith tim e in p o r t . Since m any shipping com p a n ies keep sep a ra te p a y r o ll r e c o r d s fo r hom e p o r t tim e and sea tim e , it w as p o s s ib le to co m p a re d a ily earn in gs w h ile in hom e p o rt with a v era g e earn in gs fo r com bin ed tim e in p o r t and at s e a . Both lic e n s e d and u n licen sed sea m en a s grou ps a v e ra g e s lig h tly le s s p e r day on p o r t p a y r o lls ; h o w e v e r, the fa c t that the ra tio of lic e n s e d to un lic e n s e d ratin gs w as g r e a te r on p o r t than on sea tim e re su lte d in a slig h tly h ig h er d aily a v e ra g e f o r sea m en as a w hole on p o r t p a y r o lls . When sea w atch es a r e b rok en in p o r t, d eck and engine dep artm en t w atch o ffic e r s b e c o m e d a y w o rk e rs. Shipboard r e s p o n s ib ilitie s in th ese departm ents during night h ou rs a r e then d eleg ated to r e l ie f o f f i c e r s , 2 o f w hom a r e a ss ig n e d to each d e p a rt m ent and p e r fo r m duties n o r m a lly c a r r ie d out b y d eck and en g in eerin g o ffic e r s (table A - 14). A lm o s t a ll ratin gs had a s m a lle r a v era g e nu m b e r o f h ou rs at p rem iu m p ay on p o r t p a y r o lls than they a v era g ed g e n e ra lly . It w ould th e r e fo r e a p p e a r that, even though th ere a r e m any p r o v is io n s in the co n tra cts fo r p rem iu m pay w h ile in p o r t, in a ctu a l p r a c t ic e th ose p r o v is io n s do not add su b sta n tia lly to the a v e ra g e d a ily earn in gs o f sea m en . In o r d e r to exam ine fu rth er the e ffe c t o f s p e cia l p o r t p r o v is io n s in c o n tr a c ts , d r y -c a r g o ships w e r e grou p ed a c c o r d in g to the n um ber o f pbrt stops m ade on the trip s stu d ied . V e s s e ls w e r e c la s s e d in 4 g rou p s: 5 o r le s s , 6 -1 0 , 11 -1 5 , and 16 o r m o r e p o r t s to p s . In m any ra tin g s, th ere was no m o r e than tw o-ten th s o f a n h ou r sp rea d i n th e a m o u n t o f p r e m i u m h o u r s p e r d a y when ships w e r e grou ped b y n u m ber o f p o rt sto p s; a v e r age d a ily ea rn in gs g e n e ra lly w e re within a sp re a d o f $1 (table A -2 4 ). A dd ition al p o rt stop s ap p a ren tly did not add to a v e ra g e d a ily ea rn in g s. T ra d e Route C o m p a riso n s A v e ra g e d a ily ea rn in gs o f sea m en on d r y -c a r g o v e s s e ls w e re a ls o tabulated b y trading a r e a s . Of the 6 b ro a d a r e a s s e le c te d fo r c o m p a ris o n , 4 had a lm o s t the sa m e d a ily a v e r a g e s . T h ese 4 w e re a r e a s s e r v e d fr o m the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a st. The P a c ific a r e a se r v e d fr o m the W est C o a st a v era g e d about $1 a day h igh er and the h igh est d a ily a v e ra g e am on g the 6 a r e a s w as that fo r the in te r co a s ta l grou p (table A -2 5 ). D iffe re n c e s in a v e ra g e d a ily ea rn in gs f o r lic e n s e d o ffic e r s as a group in th ese 6 s e le c te d a r e a s fe ll w ithin the n a rro w range o f $1. The d iffe r e n c e s fo r u n lice n se d ratings am ong th ese a r e a s w e re la r g e r , with a v e ra g e s ranging fr o m $16.47 in the A tla n tic E u rope and United K ing dom a re a to $ 1 8 .7 8 on in ter co a sta l ru n s. 26 Annual Employment and Earnings T y p ic a lly a seam a n i s h ire d fo r a s p e c ific tr ip on a s p e c ific sh ip. He u su a lly m ay sign on f o r the tr ip and fre q u e n tly d o e s . If he w ants to v is it h is fa m ily f o r m o r e than sh o rt p e r io d s b e tw een t r ip s , he g e n e r a lly m ust " s i g n - o f f " the ship*s p a y r o ll w h ich i s in e ffe c t quitting h is jo b . When he is re a d y to retu rn to w o r k , he then m u st seek a new jo b . The length o f tim e re q u ir e d to find a new b e rth v a r ie s g re a tly and sea m en a r e , th e r e fo r e , fa c e d w ith an o ccu p a tio n a l type o f u nem ploym ent w h ich is unique to th is in d u stry . T he e c o n o m ic p o s itio n o f se a m en can b e s t be evalu a ted i f k n ow led ge o f d a ily e a rn in g s i s su p p le m en ted by in fo rm a tio n on e m p loy m en t and ea rn in gs o v e r a lo n g e r p e r io d o f t im e . In th is study, the em p loy m en t e x p e r ie n c e and e a rn in g s o f seam en in m a r itim e w o r k w e r e t r a c e d o v e r a 1 -y e a r p e r io d . T he a n a ly sis is n e c e s s a r ily lim ite d by the s o u rce m a te r ia ls to sea g oin g tim e (in clu din g p o rt tim e ) and e a r n in g s . The data do not, t h e r e fo r e , r e fle c t p o s s ib le em p loy m en t and e a rn in g s o f seam en at in terven in g sh ore side jo b s . T h e y e a r o f em p loy m en t studied w as fr o m July 1, 1956, th rou gh June 30, 1957. T h is w as a p e r io d o f r e la tiv e ly high a c tiv ity fo r A m e r ic a n fla g sh ip s. A lthough a ctu a l em p loy m en t e stim a te s a re not a v a ila b le , the num ber o f sh ips in a ctiv e s e r v ic e an^ th e ir n o rm a l co m p le m e n t p ro v id e a rough m e a s u r e o f the jo b poten tial a s o f s p e c ific p e r io d s . In the fo llo w in g tabu lation M a ritim e A d m in is tr a tio n r e p o r t s in d ica te the fo llo w in g e m p lo y m ent poten tia l f o r June o f e a ch y e a r beginning w ith 1950: June 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 A v era g e Number o f a c tiv e A m erican fla g v e s s e l s T o t a l com plem ent 1 ,1 4 5 1 ,4 1 4 1 ,3 8 6 1 ,3 5 8 1 ,1 2 3 1 ,1 0 1 1 ,0 9 1 1 ,1 5 3 937 1 ,1 9 0 5 7 ,2 5 0 7 0 ,7 0 0 6 9 ,3 0 0 6 7 ,9 0 0 5 6 ,1 5 0 57, 510 5 7 ,1 9 0 6 0 ,7 3 0 5 1 ,4 3 0 6 0 ,9 1 0 C o m p a ris o n o f the a b ov e tabulation w ith the one on c a r g o ton n ages c a r r ie d by A m e r ic a n fla g ships in U . S. fo r e ig n tra d e f o r the sam e y e a r s on page 2 sh ow s that e m p lo y m e n t poten tial d o e s not n e c e s s a r ily fo llo w to ta l tonnage. S u b sid ized ships a r e r e q u ir e d to m ake a g r e e d -u p o n t r ip s ev en i f c a r g o e s a r e not a v a ila b le . E m p loy m en t a b oa rd ship, t h e r e fo r e , is not n e c e s s a r ily c lo s e ly c o r r e lated w ith the tonnage c a r r ie d . W hen em p loy m en t is r is in g and m o re m a n -d a y s o f w o rk a re r e q u ir e d , the a d d ition al la b o r can be obtained in tw o w a y s. A d d ition a l m en can co m e into the in du stry (o r retu rn to the in d u stry ) o r th ose in the in d u stry can w o r k a h igh er p r o p o r tio n o f the tota l days in the y e a r . T h e r e m ay be a ten den cy fo r a v e ra g e days w o rk e d to flu ctuate le s s c lo s e ly w ith volu m e o f a ctiv ity than m igh t be e x p e cte d . In d u stry sp ok esm en r e p o r t that w hen jo b s a re p le n tifu l sea m en w ill take m o r e freq u en t le a v e w ithout pay, know ing that jo b op p ortu n ities w ill be a v a ila ble w hen they a r e rea d y to ship out. W hen sh ip ping is s c a r c e , the sea m en a b o a rd ships a r e h e s i tant to le a v e th eir jo b s b e ca u s e o f the num ber o f e lig ib le sea m en on the b e a ch w aiting to ship out. Since the tim e o f the study, unem ploym ent in the in d u stry has le d som e o f the unions to r e v is e th eir shipping t u le s to re q u ire that m en lea v e a ship at the fir s t opportunity a fte r so m any days o f con tin uous w o rk ; e . g . , 180 o r 210 d a y s, in o r d e r to sp rea d w o rk am ong a g re a te r num ber o f m e m b e r s . D uring the c o u r s e o f the p re s e n t study, it w as o b s e r v e d that m any sea m en w ho had le ft the in du s tr y sh ortly a fte r W o rld W ar II w e r e retu rn in g fo r va ryin g p e r io d s o f tim e . T h is w as a ls o r e fle c te d by the substantial d iffe r e n c e b etw een the num ber o f sea m en who had w ork ed so m e tim e during the y e a r (85, 541) and the m u ch s m a lle r fig u re (64, 583) r e p resen tin g th ose sea m en c la s s ifie d a s "in d u stry c o n n e cte d " fo r the w h ole y e a r . Seam en w e re c o n s id e r e d in du stry con n ected if they had b e e n em p loy ed at anytim e during the 6 m onths p r e c e d in g July 1, 1956, and during the m onths fo llo w in g June 30, 1957 (i. e . , b e fo r e , du rin g, and a fte r the su rv ey y e a r ). It ap p ea red that the m a jo r p o rtio n o f the 21, 000 sea m en during the su rv ey y e a r w ho w e re not c o n s id e r e d in du stry con n ected w e r e e x -s e a m e n who had retu rn ed to the in d u stry f o r one o r m o r e t r ip s . It is a ls o safe to a ss u m e that m any in du s tr y con n ected sea m en cou ld have shipped out fo r ev en a h igh er p r o p o r tio n o f the y e a r i f they had so d e s ir e d . F o r ex a m p le , s e v e r a l tim e s during the y e a r o f study, union p a p e rs u rg ed m e m b e r s to r e g is t e r fo r tr ip s b e ca u se they w e r e having to ship out m en without se n io rity o r w ith low se n io rity . Annual E m ploym en t D uring the y e a r studied, in d u stry con n ected sea m en a v e ra g e d 243 days o f em p loy m en t (table B-l). T h is a v e ra g e , h o w e v e r, c o n c e a ls w ide v a ria tio n s in the num ber o f days w o rk e d by in d u stry con n ected sea m en . T h u s, o v e r 8 p e rce n t w o rk e d l e s s than 120 d ay s and o v e r 30 p e rce n t w o rk e d l e s s than 210 d a y s . On the oth er hand, 27 p e rce n t w ork ed m o r e than 300 days during the y e a r . T h is study v e r ifie d the co m m o n b e lie f that lic e n s e d o f f ic e r s m o r e freq u en tly stay w ith the sam e e m p lo y e r and have f e w e r p e r i o d s o f unem ploym ent than do u n lice n se d p e r s o n n e l. 16 T hey m igh t, t h e r e fo r e , be e x p e c te d to a v e r a g e m any m o r e days o f em p loy m en t than u n licen sed se a m e n . D uring the p e rio d o f study, h o w e v e r, th is d iffe r e n c e w a s s u rp ris in g ly sm a ll (ch a rt 6). The fa c t should b e k ept in m ind that the y e a r o f em p loy m en t studied w a s one o f the peak p e a c e tim e y e a r s fo r shipping and that m any seam en w e re able to s e c u r e a ll the w o rk they w anted du rin g the y e a r . The a v e r a g e lic e n s e d o f f i c e r , in fa c t, w as e m p lo y e d fo r a s m any o r m o r e days a s the fu lly e m p lo y e d sh ore side w o r k e r on a 5 -d a y w eek . If ea rn e d v a ca tion tim e , w h ich is not in clu d ed in the em p loy m en t o r e a rn in g s e s tim a te s in the study, is added to the a v e ra g e e m p lo y m e n t o f u n licen sed s e a m en , they a ls o w ou ld have had, on the a v e r a g e , total em p loy m en t a lm o s t equal to a fu lly em p loy ed 5 -d a y w eek sh ore side w o r k e r . The a v era g e unli ce n s e d seam an w ou ld have ea rn ed 9 days* va ca tion at b a s e pay f o r h is 239 da ys o f e m p lo y m en t. 17 The g re a t m a jo r ity o f sea m en , both lic e n s e d and u n lic e n se d , w o rk e d at m o r e than 1 rating during the y e a r o f study. M en c la s s ifie d (a c c o r d in g to the ratin g in w h ich they spent the m o st tim e ) as a b le b o d ie d sea m en freq u en tly had b e e n e m p loy ed both at h ig h e r ra tin g s , su ch a s b osu n , and a ls o lo w e r ra t in g s , such as o rd in a ry sea m en , fo r a m in or p a rt o f th e ir t im e . L ic e n s e d o f f i c e r s g e n e ra lly had som e tim e at a h igh er o r lo w e r ra tin g than the rating in w h ich they w e r e c la s s ifie d , e s p e c ia lly th ose e m p lo y e d at the m iddle le v e ls , such a s secon d and th ird m a te s o r a ssista n t e n g in e e r s . T h ese changes o f ra tin gs naturally a ffe c te d th e ir annual e a rn in g s . E m p loy m en t o f L ic e n s e d O ffic e r s In du stry co n n ected o f f i c e r s a v e r a g e d 258 days o f em p loy m en t du rin g the y e a r o f study. A s m ight be a ss u m e d , the h igh er ra tin gs had the highest num ber o f days o f e m p loy m en t. M a s te r s , ch ie f m a te s , and c h ie f e n g in e e rs a ll a v e ra g e d about 275 d a y s. Secon d m a tes a v e ra g e d 264 days and ra d io o f f i c e r s , 261. T h ird m a te s and fir s t , se co n d , and th ird a ss is ta n t e n g in e e rs a ll a v e ra g e d sligh tly o v e r 250 d a y s. F ou rth m a tes and ju n io r th ird o r fo u rth ) a ss is ta n t e n g in e e r s a v e r a g e d 235 days table B - l ) . A fifth o f the lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s w ork ed fr o m 300 to 330 days a y e a r and a sligh tly s m a lle r p r o p o rtio n w o rk e d 270 to 300 days (table B -2 ). T h is 16 See data under E m p loy m en t by num ber t r ip s , sh ips, and co m p a n ie s on p. 30. " The am ount o f va ca tion pay w as g en era lly 14 days a fte r 360 days o f em p loy m en t but g re a te r i f the seam an w as e m p lo y e d by 1 com pany fo r a w h ole y e a r . S e e p. 35 fo r d e ta ils of va ca tion p la n s. It should be noted that s e a m e n ^ v acation b e n e fits a re com pu ted on b a s e pay on ly and a re t h e r e fo r e equal to about tw o -th ir d s o f th eir a v e r a g e d a ily e a rn in g s . c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f o f f i c e r s em p lo y e d fr o m 9 to 11 m onths w as ty p ica l o f ea ch o f the lic e n s e d r a t in g s w hich a re c a r r ie d on a ll sh ip s. Som e o f the lo w e r ratin gs not c a r r ie d on a ll v e s s e ls had co n ce n tra tion s at lo w e r le v e ls in the d istrib u tion by days o f em p loy m en t. One out o f 6 in du stry con n ected o ff i c e r s w o rk e d le s s than 180 days durin g the 12-m on th p e r io d . T h ere w e re in d ica tion s during the su rv ey that som e o f th ose with low em p loy m en t w e re in the h osp ita l fo r va ryin g p e r io d s . A m o r e g en era l fa c to r is that som e sea m en a ls o take s e a s o n a l sh ore side em p loy m en t and a r e not av a ila b le fo r sea duty at c e r ta in p e r io d s during the y e a r . M edian days o f em p loy m en t (the am ount b elow and above w hich 50 p e rce n t o f the seam en w e re found) w e re g e n e ra lly 5 to 7 p e rce n t (o r 13 to 18 d a y s) above the w eigh ted a v e r a g e s (m ea n s) cite d above. The m ed ian em p loy m en t fo r lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s a s a group w as 276 d a y s, co m p a re d w ith the w eigh ted a v e ra g e o f 258 (table B -8 ). In te c h n ica l t e r m s , th is in d ica te s that the d istrib u tio n o f lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s by days o f em p loy m en t w as skew ed to the le ft; that is , a la r g e r p r o p o r tio n o f o f f i c e r s had am ounts o f em p loy m en t a bov e ra th er than b e low the w eigh ted a v e r a g e . O n e -fifth o f the o f f i c e r s em p lo y e d during the y e a r w e re not c la s s ifie d a s in d u stry con n ected b e cau se they had eith e r not w o rk e d in the fir s t h alf o f 1956 o r in the m onths fo llow in g the end o f the p e r io d studied. Som e o f th ose who w ork ed at som e point during the su rv ey y e a r , but neither im m e d i a tely b e fo r e nor a fter that y e a r , m ay w e ll have c o n s id e r e d th e m s e lv e s to have b e e n in the in d u stry during the en tire y e a r . It m ay be that they w e re unable to get w o rk in the b e fo r e o r a fte r p e r io d s o r fo r p e rs o n a l re a s o n s did not seek em p loy m en t. W hen o f f i c e r s w ho w ork ed anytim e during the y e a r w e re taken into a ccou n t, the resu ltin g a v e ra g e days o f em p loy m en t fo r lic e n s e d seam en w as g e n e ra lly about 10 p e rce n t lo w e r than that f o r in d u stry co n n ected o f f i c e r s re p o r te d a b o v e . In the lo w e r r a t in g s, the d e c r e a s e s w e r e g r e a te r . The a v e ra g e num ber o f days fo r a ll o f f i c e r s w ho w ork ed an y tim e during the y e a r w as 233 d a y s. A v e r a g e s by rating fo r a ll o ff i c e r s ran ged fr o m 198 days fo r the lo w e s t lic e n s e d ra tin gs to 259 days fo r ch ie f e n g in e e r s . (See table B - 5 . ) G e n e ra lly , about 80 p e rce n t o r m o r e o f the lic e n s e d o f f ic e r s in the h igh er ra tin gs w e re c o n s id e re d in d u stry co n n ected . In the lo\yer ra tin g s, such as ju n io r e n g in e e rs and fou rth m a te s , the of p r o p o r tio n d rop p ed to about tw o -th ir d s . F iv e p e rce n t o f a ll lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s w ork ed during only 1 q u a rter o f the y e a r , 10 p e rce n t w ork ed 2 q u a r te r s , and 13 p e rce n t w ork ed 3 q u a r te r s . S ev en ty -tw o p e rce n t w ork ed som e tim e in ea ch o f the q u a r te r s , a v era g in g 276 days o f w o rk . T h ese r a tio s w e re a lm o s t the sam e fo r both the d e ck and en g in eerin g o f f i c e r s . C o m p a r is o n s am on g ratin gs in d icate that both the p ro p o rtio n s o f a ll seam en Chart 6. A N N UA L DAYS OF EM PLOYM ENT Percentage Distribution of Industry Connected Seamen by Number of Days of Employment, July 1, 1956—June 30, 1957 Percent Percent 25 20 15 10 5 0 Under 30 30 an«* under 60 60 - 90- 120- 150- 180 - 210 - 240 - 270 - 300 - 330 - 360 and 90 120 150 180 210 D A Y S EMPLOYED UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU Of LABOR STATISTICS 240 270 300 330 360 over 29 Chart 7. PROPORTIONS INDUSTRY CONNECTED A N D EMPLOYED IN ALL Q UARTERS July 1, 1956 —June 30, 1957 Percent of seamen considered industry connected during year studied1 RATING Percent of seamen employed in each of the 4 q uarters of the year studied .. *■■■■ 1 ______1 74.6 __ i ______:____ ....... 1 7 9 A M asters Chief mates Second mates Th ird mates f : Fo u rth mates ?S:S_. Radio o ffic e rs [ 86.6 - : ' ■ . ................................ .... : : ....... : > I 80 6 r,' 1 67.9 56.1 ......::i 70.7 Chief engineers F ir s t assistant engineers Second a ssista nt engineers T h ird assistant engineers Junior third a ssista n t engineers Licensed ju n io r engineers Bo suns Carpenters Deck maintenance Able-bodied seamen Ordinary seamen Ele c tric ia ns 7 3 .9 lift. 5 Second electricians \ 8 1 .7 O ile rs 1 Fire m e n , water te n d e rs 7 5 .5 62 7 F............ .......' " W ip e rs Chief stewards, a ll sh ip s C hefs, passenger Cooks, passenger Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker A ssista nt cooks, passenger Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker Stew ards, passenger W a ite rs, passenger Messmen, all ship s Bellb oys, passenger U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R B U R E A U OF LABO R S T A T I S T I C S *A seaman was considered industry connected if he had been employed in the ind ustry at any time during the f ir s t half of 1956 and had also been employed after June 3 0 ,1 9 5 7 . 30 e m p lo y e d in e a ch o f the 4 q u a r te r s and the a v era g e num ber o f da ys w o r k e d w e r e h igh est in the h igher ra tin g s . N e a rly 80 p e r c e n t o f the c h ie f m a te s and c h ie f e n g in e e rs w o rk e d so m e tim e in ea ch o f the 4 q u a r te r s and a v e ra g e d 287 and 289 d a y s o f e m p loy m e n t, r e s p e c t iv e ly (table B - 9 ) . L ic e n s e d o f f i c e r s fre q u e n tly changed c o a s ts of em p lo y m e n t. F o r p u r p o s e s o f c o m p a r is o n by co a s t, o f f i c e r s w e r e c la s s ifie d b y the c o a s t fr o m w h ich the la r g e s t p r o p o r tio n o f th e ir em p loy m en t orig in a te d . L ic e n s e d o f f i c e r s c la s s ifie d on the W e st C o a st a v e ra g e d 262 d a y s o f e m p lo y m e n t c o m p a re d with 256 da ys on the A tla n tic and G ulf C o a s ts . H ighest annual em p loy m en t fo r any g rou p w a s r e p o r te d fo r c h ie f e n g in e e r s on the W est C o a st w ho a v e ra g e d 298 days (ta b le s B - 3 and B - 4 ) . M o st o f the lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s w o rk e d som e tim e durin g the y e a r a s r e l ie f m a tes o r r e l ie f e n g in e e rs b etw een v o y a g e s . O th er lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s spent m o s t o f th e ir e m p lo y e d tim e a s r e l ie f m en and w e r e so c la s s if ie d . T h e se m en r e lie v e the re g u la r o f f i c e r s w h ile in p o r t. D uring the y e a r studied, a lm o s t 2, 600 m en spent m o s t o f th e ir tim e in m a r i tim e em p loy m en t a s r e l ie f m en . O f th e s e , 1,583 w e r e c o n s id e r e d a s in d u stry co n n e cte d f o r the w hole y e a r ; 965 m en w ork in g p r im a r ily a s r e l ie f m ates a v e r a g e d 105 da ys o f e m p loy m en t and 618 w ork in g a s r e l ie f e n g in e e r s a v e r a g e d 89 d a y s. F req u en tly , su ch o f f i c e r s to o k 1 sh ort v oya g e du rin g the y e a r and that tim e w a s cou n ted in th e ir a v e ra g e e m p lo y m ent (table B - 2 ) . E m p loy m en t o f U n lice n se d Seam en U n lice n se d se a m e n c la s s ifie d a s in du stry c o n n ected (th r e e -fo u r th s o f the to ta l) a v e ra g e d 239 days o f em p lo y m e n t a y e a r (table B - l ) . A s in the c a s e o f lic e n s e d p e r s o n n e l, the h igh er ra tin gs had the h igh er a v e r a g e e m p lo y m e n t. In the d e ck d e p a rt m en t, h igh est a v e r a g e e m p lo y m e n t (250 d a y s) w as r e c o r d e d fo r b o su n s . M o r e than h a lf o f the d eck d ep a rtm en t se a m e n spent m o s t o f th eir tim e as a b le -b o d ie d se a m en and a v e r a g e d 240 days e m p lo y m en t in the y e a r stu d ied . In the engine dep artm en t, e le c t r ic ia n s had the h igh est a v e ra g e em p loy m en t, 257 d a y s. O ile r s , the la r g e s t g rou p , w e r e secon d h igh est w ith an a v e r a g e o f 244 d a y s. In du stry co n n e cte d c h ie f stew a rd s had the high e s t a v e r a g e em p loy m en t o f any o f the u n lice n se d ra tin g s , a v e ra g in g 273 d a y s. P a s s e n g e r c h e fs a v e r a g e d a lm o s t a s m any d a y s and m o st o f those studied w ho w o rk e d on p a s s e n g e r ships had h igher annual em p loy m en t than th ose w ork in g on c a r g o v e s s e ls . M e ss m e n , the la r g e s t grou p in the d e partm en t, a v e r a g e d 229 d a y s. The lo w e st a v e r age e m p loy m en t (219 d a y s) w as fo r a ssista n t co o k s on d r y - c a r g o v e s s e ls o r ta n k e rs. M o r e than a fou rth o f the in d u stry con n ected u n lice n se d se a m en w o rk e d 300 o r m o r e days a y e a r ; o v e r a fifth , h o w e v e r, a v e r a g e d l e s s than 180 d a y s. M edian em p loy m en t fig u r e s fo r unli ce n s e d ra tin g s w e r e g e n e r a lly about 5 p e rce n t above the a r ith m e tic a l a v e r a g e s (table B - 8 ) . O n e -fo u rth o f the u n licen sed sea m en w e re not c o n s id e r e d in du stry con n e cte d . The in clu s io n in the ca lcu la tio n s o f a ll sea m en w ho w o rk e d any tim e during the y e a r g e n e ra lly re d u ce d the a v e ra g e days o f em p loy m en t by 15 p e r c e n t. In the lo w e r ra tin g s, the red u ctio n w as 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e (table B -5 ). T he a v e ra g e fo r a ll u n lice n se d sea m en w a s 207 d a y s, ranging fr o m about 260 d a y s fo r c h ie f stew ard s and ch e fs on p a s s e n g e r ships to a p p ro x im a te ly 180 days fo r o rd in a ry sea m en and w ip e r s . A bout 9 p e r c e n t o f a ll u n lice n se d seam en w o rk e d in only 1 q u a rter o f the y e a r . A little m o r e than 11 p e rce n t w o rk e d so m e tim e du rin g 2 q u a rte rs o f the y e a r , 15 p e r c e n t w ork ed during 3 q u a r te r s , and a lm o s t tw o -th ir d s had som e em p loy m en t in a ll 4 q u a r te r s . The la tte r grou p a v e ra g e d 261 days o f e m p loy m en t. In som e o f the lo w e r ra tin g s, little m o r e than h alf o f the sea m en w o rk e d in a ll 4 q u a rte rs o f the y e a r . The fa ct that a h igh er p r o p o r tio n o f sea m en in th ese lo w e r ra tin g s than in som e o f the h igh er ra tin g s w e r e c la s s ifie d a s in d u stry con n ected w ou ld su g g est that m any o f th ose sea m en in lo w e r ra tin g s lea v e the in d u stry p e r i o d ic a lly fo r sh ore side em p loy m en t and then retu r n fo r one o r m o r e tr ip s w hen em p loy m en t i s re a d ily a v a ila b le (ta b les B - 1 and B -9 ). U n lice n se d sea m en a s a ru le d id not change th e ir c o a s t o f em p loy m en t. N ea rly 76 p e r c e n t o f the in d u stry con n ected seam en w o rk e d out o f A t la n tic and G ulf C o a st p o r ts ; they a v e ra g e d 7 p e r cent m o r e days o f e m p loy m en t than th ose w ork in g out o f W est C o a st p o r ts , o r 243 days co m p a re d w ith 227 d a y s. The h igh er le v e l o f em p loy m en t on the A tla n tic and G ulf C o a s ts w as noted in n ea rly a ll ra tin gs (table B - l ) . The A tla n tic and G ulf C o a sts a ls o had a h igh er p r o p o r tio n o f sea m en w ork in g som etim e during a ll 4 q u a rte rs o f the y e a r , 70 p e r cen t co m p a re d w ith 61 p e rce n t on the W est C o a st (ta b le s B -1 0 and B - l l ) . E m p loy m en t by N um ber o f T r ip s , and C om p a n ies S hips, W ith the e x ce p tio n o f som e lic e n s e d p e rs o n n e l and a few u n licen sed seam en on p a s se n g e r sh ip s, sea m en ty p ica lly w ork ed on tw o o r m o r e ships during the y e a r . W hen a seam a n changed sh ip s, he g e n e ra lly a ls o changed e m p lo y e r and freq u en tly a ls o changed h is ra tin g . The a v e ra g e in d u stry con n ected seam a n sa iled on about 7 v o y a g e s o f 10 o r m o r e days during the y e a r . 18 T h ese v o y a g e s w e re g e n e ra lly on 2 o r 3 v e s s e ls owned by 2 d iffe re n t co m p a n ie s . L i ce n se d o f f i c e r s changed ships o r co m p a n ie s le s s freq u en tly than u n lice n se d sea m en . T h ey a v e ra g e d 18 The so u r c e r e c o r d s showing days o f e m p lo y m ent did not d iffe re n tia te b etw een a ctu a l v oy a g es and s h o r t -t e r m em p loy m en t r e c o r d s such a s p ort p a y r o lls o r r e l ie f w o rk . T o elim in a te th ose en t r ie s w hich w e re p re s u m a b ly not a ctu a l v o y a g e s, th ose e n trie s o f l e s s than 10 days w e r e not counted. 31 Chart 8. SEAM EN W O RKIN G FOR O NLY O NE EMPLOYER DURING THE YEAR Percent o f Soam tn in Salectod Ratings Who Worked fo r One Em ployer During the Year, Ju ly I, 1 9 5 6 —June 3 0 , 195 7 Chief mates Third mates Radio officers \/y////////////////////////y/y/A wz7yyy7//////////J7//yA>** «•« Chief engineers Second assistant engineers Junior third assistant engineers Bosuns Able-bodied seamen Electricians Oilers pyyyyyyyyyyyyy//////yyy/yyyy ™ vyyyyyyy/yyyyyyyyyyzzLV" 'yyyyyyyyyyyy//. 'yyyyyyy/yyyy/yy™ v/y///////////////y ^ »■» vyyyyyyyyyyyyyy ** Chief stewards, all ships Cooks, passenger Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker Stewards, passenger Messmen, all ships ^wyyy/yyyyyy/yyjyyysS' vyy/yyyyyyyy™ y.7 -y y y y y 'y y y 77797 77//////y/y////A U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 6.4 trips, 2.1 ships, and 1.6 companies, com pared with an average of 6.8 trips, 2.4 ships, and 2.2 companies for unlicensed seamen (tables B-12, B-13, and B-14). The number of voyages per year varied mainly in that passenger ship ratings tended to have a higher average number of sailings. Seamen on passenger ships also had a lower average number of ships and companies of employment. Seamen on the large luxury passenger ships usually re main with the ship for many voyages. Unlicensed seamen on dry-cargo ships change ships and companies frequently. Officers with higher ratings tended to stay with 1 company, al though they often changed ships within the com pany. About 80 percent of the masters, chief mates, and chief engineers worked for only 1 company during the year. The proportion of other licensed officers serving with only 1 company was consid erably lower for the lower ratings, falling as low as 42. 5 percent for fourth mates -(chart 8). in the vacation funds, for voyages listed and for any other maritime employment that occurred in the period studied.20 Thus, any vacation pay re ceived from vacation funds was not included in the study. 21 One fact emerging from the study of annual earnings was that differences in average earnings among ratings were substantially greater on an annual than on a daily basis. Differences in av erage daily earnings and average number of days of employment, from one- rating to the next higher or lower rating, appeared minor. However, the combined effect of these apparently small differ ences produced considerable differences in annual earnings as reflected in the following tabulation. Annual average earnings of — Industry connected seamen » Among the unlicensed ratings (employed on ships other than passenger vessels) *the highest proportion of seamen working for 1 company was found among carpenters and second electricians. This was partly due to the fact that these jobs are not carried by all ships; seamen in those ratings, therefore, were restricted in the number of em ployment opportunities (table B-14). Although the study of the number of trips, ships, and companies was limited to industry con nected seamen, it included seamen that had limited employment during the year, sometimes with only 1 trip. The proportion working with 1 company is therefore not indicative of the proportion who would qualify for longer vacations (see data on vacations, page 35). Most of those with only 1 employer had probably not worked for 1 employer continuously for the required 360 days. Annual Earnings Total earnings from seagoing employment dur ing the period studied were obtained for individual seamen in 6 numerically important ratings— 2 li censed and 4 unlicensed. ** Two ratings were se lected from each of the departments. Classification of seamen, established in the study of annual em ployment, was based on the rating in which they worked a majority of the time. Earnings infor mation was obtained from employers, as identified Rating Second m a te s -----------------Third assistant engineers _________ -----Able-bodied seamen _____ Oilers ______________ -----Cooks ---------------------- -----Messmen------------------- ------ All seamen Mean Median Mean Median $8,110 $8,510 $7,499 $8,035 7,032 4,607 4,315 5,345 3,285 7,135 4,685 4, 370 5,170 3,135 6,390 4,234 3,918 4,898 2,806 6,640 4,450 4,140 4,440 2,880 Although the daily earnings of second mates were less than 10 percent greater than daily earn ings of third assistant engineers, average annual earnings were more than 15 percent higher because of their higher average days of employment. The difference between the earnings of licensed officers and unlicensed seamen is also accentuated when earnings are presented on an annual basis. Annual earnings of second mates were almost 2l/z times as great as the annual earnings of messmen. The $423 that a messman might receive for a 30-day trip, as indicated by the daily earnings study, does not yield, because of the average amount of annual employment, the annual earnings from maritime work that might be anticipated. Annual earnings for cooks reflected their relatively full employment, $5, 345 for an average of 249 days of employment. 20 In a few cases, the original data were in complete and the net result of additions owing to previously unreported employment would have in creased the annual employment estimates by an average of 0.8 percent, almost identical to the understatement indicated by the Coast Guard rec 19 Although average annual earnings can be e s ords. (See f o o t n o t e 1, p. 1.) The number of timated from the average daily earnings and aver days employed as determined by the annual earn age number of days worked during the year, the ings study was higher in 4 of the 6 ratings studied product would not reflect secondary employment at by from 1 to 3 days. In the other 2 ratings, the other ratings or possible seasonal differences in average employment was slightly lower. 21 Payments from vacation funds could not be daily ehrnings. Also, distributions of seamen by annual earnings cannot be developed from data on related to time worked during the particular time daily earnings and annual employment. period studied. Chart 9. A N N UA L EARNINGS Annual Earnings of Industry Connected1 Seamen and of Seamen Who Worked in Each of the Four Quarters of the Year, July 1,1956-dune 3 0,1 95 7 0 1 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 ------------------------ 1--------------------------- 1---------------------------1--------------------------- 1--------------------------- 1 Second mates Oilers Cooks Messmen U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R Industry connected seamen Seamen employed in each of 4 quarters 1For definition of industry connected seamen, see fable B - l. B U R E A U OF L A B O R STATISTICS CM CM The tabulation also shows that median earnings for licensed officers were higher than the arith metical averages. Although this was also true of 2 of the unlicensed ratings, the differences were smaller. As brought out in the study of annual employ ment, the average income of seamen is greatly af fected by the earnings of those with short periods of employment. The distribution of industry con nected seamen in the 6 selected ratings according to average annual earnings shows that 1 \out of 8 second mates earned less than $5,000 a\year and 1 out of 10 third assistant engineers earned less than $3, 500. On the other hand, 42 percent of the second mates earned $9, 000 or more during the survey year, and 38 percent of the third assistant engineers earned $8,000 or more. More than 12 percent of the able-bodied seamen, oilers, and cooks earned less than $3,000 annually and 28 per cent of the messmen earned less than $2, 500. At the upper end, more than 40 percent of the ablebodied seamen earned $5,000 or more; 32 percent of the messmen had annual earnings from maritime employment of $4,000 or more (table B-15). When all seamen who worked anytime during the year were included in the calculations, annual earnings were reduced by abput 8 percent in nearly all the ratings studied, with the exception of m ess men. The inclusion of messmen who did not work prior to or after the survey year reduced their an nual earnings 15 percent to $2,806 (table B-16). It was also interesting to note that the average daily earnings (based on annual employment and earnings) also decreased when those not considered industry connected were included, indicating that part-time seamen in a given rating earn less per day than those regularly in the industry. About 80 percent of the second mates and 75 percent of the third assistant engineers worked in each of the 4 quarters of the year studied. Sec ond mates averaged $8,363 for 276 days and third assistant engineers averaged $7,467 for 272 days (table B-17). About 70 percent of the able-bodied seamen, oilers, and cooks worked in each of the 4 quarters, compared with only about 60 percent of the messmen. Average annual earnings of the unlicensed seamen employed in each of the 4 quar ters were 9 or 10 perce’nt higher than the average for all of those classed as industry connected. As previously indicated, the differences be tween coasts for industry connected licensed of ficers were small for both daily earnings and an nual employment. Second mates on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts averaged less than 2 percent more per year than those on the West Coast. Third engineers had almost identical annual earnings (table B-15). For the unlicensed ratings, the dif ferences were more substantial. Able-bodied seamen on the West Coast aver aged almost 9 percent higher annual earnings than their counterparts working from the Atlantic and Gulf ports, even though the latter group averaged more days of employment. Oilers on the West Coast averaged nearly 7 percent more and m ess men over 10 percent more with almost the same number of days of employment registered in the 2 coastal groups. The average annual earnings and employment of cooks on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts exceeded the corresponding averages on the West Coast by $348 and 33 days, respectively. A higher proportion of cooks on the Atlantic Coast worked on passenger ships; such cooks had higher daily earnings and a longer number of days of em ployment than cooks on other types of vessels. Income Security and Vacation Benefits The establishment and rapid expansion of pen sion, welfare, and vacation plans by employers and unions through collective bargaining is recognized as one of the outstanding developments of the sea faring industry in recent years. The development of these benefits has added to the income security and paid leisure of seamen and has imposed addi tional cost on employers. Concurrent with the rapidly expanding private pension and welfare programs in business estab lishments ashore, was the equally rapid develop ment of such plans for seafaring personnel. Since 1950, negotiations concerning this type of fringe benefits have been extended to such a degree that they must be considered substantial components of maritime collective bargaining and operator-union contracts. Union request and subsequent negotiations for contract improvements have included "package" demands embracing basic wages, overtime, va cations for members of the seafaring unions, and have emphasized social security protection in the form of welfare-pension advantages and employ ment security. The increase in employers* expenditures for seafaring fringe benefits (welfare, pension, vaca tion, and unemployment plans) is clearly apparent from the data presented in table C - l . For un licensed seamen, employer contributions advanced from $0. 25 per man-day in 1950 to as high as $1.95 in 1957. During the same period, contri butions for licensed seamen advanced from $0. 25 to more than $3.20 for fringe benefits per m an-days.22 22 Contributions to funds for masters total as high as $6. 30 per day. 35 West Coast licensed engineers and unlicensed personnel contributed 1 percent of annual wages, up to $3,000, toward financing the California Un employment Compensation Disability Fund. Con tributions are made on a voluntary basis when ship operators and a majority of the seamen agree to the payroll deduction. Disability compensation, as stipulated in the operator-union bargaining agree ments or Declaration of Trusts, is payable when seamen covered by the plans are denied California disability insurance. Welfare Plans In the original welfare plans, negotiated in 1950, stipulations of the various benefits incorporated in the respective plans generally included, and with few exceptions were confined to, insurance features covering life, accident, dismemberment and inhospital benefits. Periodically, either by negotia tion or trustee action, supplementary items were embodied in the respective plans, containing a wide range of health and social benefits, such as broad extension of hospital care, surgical expenses, medi cal and hospital advantages for seamen’ s depend ents, maternity benefits, disability compensation, unemployment subsistence program, scholarships for members1 children, job training, preventive medicine, health clinics, and funeral expenses. Employment Security The only operator-union employment security plan in effect for all unlicensed seamen manning ships covered by the participating union agreement stipulates that qualified seamen are eligible for weekly unemployment benefit payments when out of work by reason of ship layup, shipwreck, transfer or sale of vessels, reduction of ships* crews, disa bility recovery periods, involvement in certain legal proceedings, and other specified contingencies. Ship operators who are parties to this agree ment contribute $0.25 per man-day to finance the plan. Qualifying seamen receive unemployment payments of $30 per week if not entitled to State unemployment benefits or $15 per week when eli gible for State aid. Payments are limited to $ 180 in any period of 365 consecutive days except for payments for disability which may continue for a maximum of 13 weeks. Pensions Prior to 1953, provision for retirement benefits for a limited number of seamen was confined to major shipping companies operating dry-car go and passenger vessels. In addition, seamen manning the ships of large oil companies were included in company sponsored and financed overall personnel benefit programs. During 1953, seafaring unlicensed unions and 3 ship operators* associations negotiated multicom pany pension plans which provided that employers contribute $0. 40 per man-day to support the plans. In 1955, licensed deck, engine and radio officers1 retirement plans were established. Employer con tributions f o r deck and engineering o f f i c e r s amounted to $0. 85 per man-day. Contributions to ward radio officer pension plans, however, varied between different unions and also within the same union depending upon whether the contract was ne gotiated on the East or West Coast. The basic provisions incorporated in the sea man's pension plan generally follow a pattern found in many nonmaritime plans. Older or disabled sea men may qualify for any 1 of 4 types of pensions— normal, early, reduced, or disability. Normal or full retirement payments of $100 per month or more are provided for those who reach the qualifying age of 65 and who have 20 or more years of creditable service. Early, reduced, or disability annuities range from $50 to $95 per month depending on such factors as age of pensioner, years of creditable service, and type of retirement. Vacations For many years, paid vacations for seamen, particularly licensed officers, either have been granted in accordance with established company policy or developed through the process of coll ac tive bargaining. The first negotiated multioperator seafaring vacation plan became effective in 1951. To date, 11 additional major operator-union plans have been instituted. Ship operator expenditures for financing these group plans vary from a stipu lated amount per man-day to a percentage contri bution of the straight-time basic wage. Early in 1958 changes in the paid vacation plans provided for seamen to receive from 14 to as high as 60 days at base pay for each 360 days of employ ment. The maximum days are applicable when the seaman involved remains in the employ of 1 com pany for a year or more. TABLE A-1. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS (Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing ships in the United States Maritime Industry by rating, all ports and by coast, May 1957 Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports All ports Rating Average daily premium 2J U) West Coast ports Average daily premium £/ Average daily earnings 2/ Average daily premium 2/ Hours Earnings Number of seamen $19.72 2.9 $6.22 14,205 $21.21 2.5 *6.U 6,531 $29.73 2.8 $8.19 3,096 $29.83 2.8 $8.24 9.22 10.59 9.48 9.19 9.17 9.08 8.61 4.54 11.17 3,275 612 622 625 4P5 685 63 141 80 23.97 35.65 29.34 27.42 25.76 27.61 30.06 22.32 26.94 * 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.0 1.3 4.0 9.20 10.42 9.41 8.92 8.95 9.03 9.52 3.90 12.67 1,545 270 273 278 213 295 20 131 24 29.18 36.61 29.63 28.14 26.84 27.61 31.44 23.82 23.01 3.1 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.1 1.8 1.7 2.0 9.26 10.97 9.64 9.80 9.59 9.20 5.78 5.24 6.20 7.19 1.87 9.64 8.90 8.16 7.71 5.90 3,256 619 611 633 695 443 210 30.60 38.64 35.15 29.21 26.80 24.99 22.86 2.5 .4 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.1 7.18 1.37 9.83 9.22 8.05 7.36 5.76 1,551 270 270 282 297 337 95 30.47 40.27 34.98 29.07 27.03 25.16 23.61 2.5 .7 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.3 7.23 3.02 9.21 8.18 8.41 7.47 6.21 Average Number daily of seamen earnings 2/ Number of seamen Average daily earnings 2/ Hours Earnings All seaman (except masters and cadets) .......... 44.785 $20.19 2.8 $6.21 30.580 All licensed seamen .......................... 9,627 $29.30 2.8 $8.21 Deck department i j ........................ Chief mates........... ....... ......... Second mates .......................... Third mates........................... Fourth mates .......................... Radio officers ......................... Chief pursers, passenger ................. Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker ............. Assistant pursers, passenger ............. 4,820 332 895 903 618 980 83 272 104 29.04 35.94 29.43 27.64 26.13 27.61 30.39 23.04 26.03 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 2.7 1.5 3.5 Engine department ij ....................... Chief engineers........................ First assistant engineers ................ Second assistant engineers ............... Third assistant engineers .............. . Junior third assistant engineers .......... Licensed junior engineers.......... t,.... 4,307 839 881 915 992 780 305 30.56 39.14 35.09 29.17 26.87 25.06 23.10 2.5 .5 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.8 2.2 Hours Earnings All unlicensed seamen ........................ 35,158 17.56 2.8 5.66 24,049 16.99 3,0 5.70 11,109 18.80 2.4 5.56 Deck department I j ........................ Bosuns ............................... Carpenters...... ...... ............... Deck maintenance.... ................ . Able-bodied seamen ..................... Ordinary seamen ........................ 11,354 908 429 1,656 5,503 2,560 18.80 22.44 21.48 18.96 19.50 14.83 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.6 3.3 3.1 6.71 6.97 6.85 5.88 7.30 5.41 7,727 633 243 1,060 3,800 1,842 17.75 21.40 20.39 17.74 18.56 14.39 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.4 3.4 3.4 6.41 6.30 6.35 5.16 7.17 5.60 3,627 275 186 596 1,703 718 21.05 24.82 22.91 21.15 21.61 15.94 3.0 3.3 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.5 7.35 8.52 7.51 7.17 7.60 4.92 Engine department ( J ...................... Unlicensed junior engineers .............. Electricians ........................... Second electricians....... ............. Engine maintenance ..................... Oilers ............................... firemen, water tenders .................. Winers. ............................... 10,095 308 667 510 230 2,720 2,749 2,224 17.34 16.94 24.23 22.97 16.38 17.33 17.56 12.77 2.4 1.2 2.6 2.6 1.5 2.9 3.0 1.2 5.00 2.51 6.15 6.36 3.18 5.93 6.13 2.02 6,956 264 454 288 176 1,909 1,944 1,540 16.72 16.95 22.61 20.91 16.25 16.89 17.33 12.a 2.3 1.2 2.2 2.1 1.5 2.7 3.0 1.1 4.55 2.52 4.53 4.36 344 5.54 6.01 1.82 3,139 44 213 222 54 811 805 684 18.71 16.89 27.67 25.63 16.80 18.54 18.13 13.59 2.7 1.1 3.7 3.4 1.6 3.2 3.0 1.2 5.96 2.50 9.61 8.95 3.32 6.83 6.40 2.45 Stewards department i j .................. . Chief stewards, passenger.......... ..... Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker .......... Second stewards, passenger ............ . Chefs, passenger ........................ Cooks, passenger ....................... Cooks, dry cargo and tanker...... .... . Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker...... Assistant cooks, passenger....... ........ Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ....... Stewards, passenger ..................... Waiters, passenger ..................... Messmen, all ships ..... ................ Bellboys, passenger ..................... 13,709 50 833 65 72 358 856 759 246 857 1,108 1,103 5,799 208 16.70 32.04 22.94 26.19 31.54 24.39 20.59 19.86 21.79 18.49 14.78 15.51 14.10 14.04 2.8 4.0 3.2 4.7 4.6 3.8 2.8 2.7 3.8 2.7 2.9 3.3 2.6 3.1 5.28 8.64 6.99 10.18 10.38 8.39 6.01 5.94 8.10 5.85 4.77 5.50 4.31 5.06 9,366 38 579 48 42 242 591 540 183 560 764 747 3,983 147 16.56 31.61 22.71 26.40 31.79 24.72 20.30 19.56 21.64 18.16 15.11 15.60 13.76 14.44 3.3 4.7 3.5 5.3 6.0 4.8 3.0 2.9 4.5 3.0 3.8 4.2 2.9 4.0 5.97 9.61 7.35 11.99 12.57 10.00 6.31 6.05 9.19 6.14 6.15 6.75 4.70 6.48 4,343 12 254 17 30 116 265 219 63 297 344 356 1,816 61 16.99 33.39 23.49 25.62 31.18 23.71 21.24 20.61 22.21 19.12 14.05 15.32 14.85 13.07 1.7 1.4 2.5 1.8 2.6 1.8 2.2 2.3 1.8 2.1 .8 1.3 1.8 .8 3.78 4.99 6.18 5.07 7.31 5.03 5.33 5.66 4.93 5.31 1.70 2.89 3.45 1.64 1/ Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. 2/ Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as nonwatch allowance, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra meals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and w ar-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3/ Total o f overtime and penalty tim e. 00 T/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. 00 TABLE A-2. 00 DISTRIBUTION BY AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — ALL PORTS, LICENSED SEAMEN (Percentage distribution of licensed seamen manning seagoing ships of the United States Maritime Industry by average daily earnings, May 1957 1/) Percent of seamen receiving daily earnings of— Rating Number Average £ daily Under ♦ 20 21 of earn and seamen ings z/ * 20 under 21 22 All licensed seamen .................... 9.627 *29.80 Deck department $ / ..................... Chief mates........................ Second mates ....................... Third mates ........................ Fourth mates....................... Radio officers ..................... Chief pursers, passenger ............. Pursers, dry-cargo and tinker......... Assistant pursers, passenger ...... ... 4,820 ♦29.04 882 35.94 895 29.43 903 27.64 618 26.13 930 27.61 83 30.39 272 23.04 104 26.03 Engine department 2/ .................... Chief engineers ........... ......... First assistant engineers ............. Second assistant engineers ............ Third assistant engineers ............. Junior third assistant engineers ....... Licensed junior engineers ............. 4,807 889 881 915 992 780 305 30.56 39.14 35.09 29.17 26.87 25.06 23.10 1.0 i-l? 1.6 .3 .3 . 12.9 22.1 .5 1.2 - _ .3 .3 •4 7.5 15.4 - till 0.8 1.7 - • .8 .3 1.0 .3 3.6 6.0 7.0 21.7 1.9 1.9 £ 22 £ 23 £ 24 $ 25 26 $ 27 -r28 • 29 30 ♦ 31 32 33 & 34 £ 35 ft 36 £ 37 $ 38 £ 39 ♦ 40 and 23 24 ' 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 over rSi7 A,A ?,? 3tA hi 6iA Ai6 4|? 4l? 3.4 hi Si? h$ 2.2_ Si7 Si? 6.2 2.1 3.4 5.3 10.1 13.6 10.6 9.8 7.4 5.6 -’ .3 1.0 2.2 4.0 .8 .2 .2 5.0 10.3 15.5 17.5 13.1 13.4 15.0 10.2 10.9 10.5 6.5 16.4 14.4 1.4 2.5 5.5 8.9 12.8 23.8 19.6 8.7 9.2 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.8 4.8 11.6 27.2 15.6 13.2 3.1 3.1 7.2 9.6 18.1 3.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 3.6 9.2 7.0 9.6 2.6 1.1 1.1 8.5 16.5 1.9 ‘ 1.9 1.9 6.7 12.5 9.6 9.6 8.7 3.8 5.2 7.1 7.7 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.8 1.8 7.7 4.1 4.4 9.5 13.7 4.2 5.3 3.1 2.2 . 1.0 3.2 1.6 2.4 2.4 1.1 3.8 1.9 1.3 5.1 .4 .3 .3 .2.4 - 1.2 6.1 .7 *- 1.0 3.7 5.1 17.8 .7 .3 .3 3.6 3.6 - 2.5 3.3 5.4 7.1 9.7 7.6 6.3 6.3 5.4 - • .5 1.9 1.0 3.5 10.6 20.1 2.2 9.5 13.9 11.5 1.3 •4 5.1 15.9 19.4 17.2 10.8 7.2 7.4 .4 3.6 4.2 8.3 21.8 17.8 20.1 11.3 7.8 3.8 2.2 24.9 19.7 5.9 6.2 7.5 1.0 4.6 2.3 1.3 1/ Data relate to latest trips endir g prior to June 1957. 2/ Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as nonwatch allowance, and w a r-risk bonuses. Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. T/ 3.7 6.0 9.8 3.1 .5 3.8 3.9 .3 7.5 14.0 7.5 3.4 3.7 2.9 .3 .5 “ 2.7 2.9 9.6 11.3 2.1 2.2 .7 .9 .3 .3 8.4 9.6 2.9 1.0 1.5 7.0 .2 .5 3.6 - 5.8 3.1 3.9 3.0 8.7 2.4 3.6 2.9 r.2 3.8 3.0 18.2 11.2 16.2 13.7 32.2 7.3 12.9 10.7 11.5 4.8 3.1 2.2 13.3 .2 1.1 1.7 1.5 1.2. 1.6 .3 1.6 .8 •6 .3 .9 .3 .4 1.3 1.3 1.0 — ~ - Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. TABLE A-3. DISTRIBUTION BY AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — A LL PORTS, UNLICENSED SEAMEN (Percentage distribution of unlicensed seamen manning seagoing ships of the United States Maritime Industry by average daily earnings, May 1957 1/) Percent of seamen receiving daily earnings of— Number of seamen Average daily Under i12 earn % and ings 2J 12 under 13 35.168 £.7.56^ Deck department j / ............................. .. Bosuns ................................... . Carpenters .................. . .............. Deck maintenance .............................. Able-bodied seamen.... ........................ Ordinary seamen............................... 11,354 908 429 1,656 5,503 2,560 $13.80 22.44 a . 48 18.96 19.50 14.83 Engine department 2 / ..... ........................ Unlicensed junior engineers ..................... Electricians ................................. Second electricians ........................... Engine maintenance ............................ Oilers .... ................................. Firemen, water tenders ......................... Wipers .......................... ........... 10,095 308 667 510 230 2,720 2,749 2,224 17.34 16.94 24.23 22.97 16.38 17.38 17.56 12.77 Stewards department 2 / .... .................... . HVi4a P a nfieecnffor* .... ........... ..... Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker ............. Second stewards, passenger ..................... Chefs, passenger ............................. Cooks, passenger ............................. Cooks, dry-cargo end tanker........ \........... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker ............ Assistant cocks, passenger...... .'.............. Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ............. Stewards, passenger ........................... Waiters, passenger ............................ Mesemen, all ships ............ ............... Bellboys, passenger ........................... 13,709 50 833 65 72 358 856 759 16.70 32.04 22.94 26.19 31.54 24.39 20.59 19.86 21.79 18.49 14.78 15.51 14.10 14.04 Hating All unlicensed seamen ............................ 246 857 1,108 1,103 5,799 208 4 13 14 7.3 Ul? 0 .5 - .5 .2 1.3 $ 14 15 f6 $ 17 15 16 17 18 7.7 7iP 101? lltfT fs ■& 19 20 ?t£ 7,1 2.0 13.0 21.0 12.9 - _ - - - - .8 21.2 5.5 21.8 18.3 .2 _ .3 .3 - 29.9 20.6 35.6 25.5 .8 - 7.3 _ 2.0 - 1.6 1.6 •6 .9 14.6 7.5 9.0 27.2 18.6 11.1 25.5 6.3 6.3 5.3 5.5 6.2 It i5 24 25 26 27 28 fiit 1,7 li? 9,7 0.7 2.4 1.3 4.6 5.8 1.6 1.9 .1 0.8 3.3 2.1 .5 0.9 2.9 2.3 .9 .7 - k k k 21 22 23 ?!? 4,$ 3.5 6.6 4.4 7.1 13.2 13.8 11.7 8.8 7.2 6.6 .3 1.3 3.6 11.2 13.3 11.5 13.9 .5 7.0 15.2 13.5 12.8 13.3 2.2 13.8 13.8 16.2 11.5 9.1 9.4 7.0 .4 .1 .9 4.7 16.8 13.5 15.2 10.5 3.4 7.8 ,Q 15.0 29.0 15.9 11.4 11.3 7.4 4.7 2.2 .5 3.6 5.7 5.3 4.6 9.2 14.7 16.2 11.6 6.3 - 16.9 30.5 20.1 11,0 7.8 .6 1.0 4.3 6.9 .8 1.2 8.6 6.3 3.4 1.3 24.3 12.6 10.4 18.7 5.7 6.5 10.9 .1 .3 1.3 3.7 15.5 23.4 24.3 16.0 7.9 #3 .1 1.8 8.3 24.4 29.5 20.0 8.4 .9 37.8 24.8 19.6 9.0 4.9 1.2 1.1 .7 .7 2.4 3.2 2.0 10.1 Is hi 3.9 8.8 7.0 4.3 4.7 - 3.6 10.6 10.0 3 .7 3.5 .2 5.3 8.2 3.0 2.2 - 1.1 1.9 9.6 k •7 #Q 4.5 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.5 1.0 1.9 3.2 1.3 2.6 8.1 9.3 9.7 11.7 12.9 9.4 10.4 11.0 6.5 11.4 2.6 3.5 2.2 1.3 .3 4.7 .6 1.5 4.0 1.4 .1 .7 .2 - 4.7 _ - 5.8 2.5 .1 - 3.0 1.1 4.9 _ . .2 2.9 14.2 4.6 1.5 9.2 1.7 1.7 3.1 7.5 7.3 .7 2.5 11.7 30.1 23.0 .3 4.7 27.3 32.1 17.3 1.6 2.4 4.1 13.8 11.0 15.2 27.7 24.5 12.1 11.7 3.8 7.8 2.5 1.4 .5 .5 12.4 3.3 5.6 4.1 5.8 2.5 .2 .7 .7 4.8 5.3 1.9 1.9 “ 4.2 1.6 £7 Is l9 to and 29 30 over 0.6 0.3 1.6 0.5 2.2 1.2 .6 .3 0.2 1.4 .5 .2 .1 - 2.6 4.7 .7 1.3 2.7 .5 1.6 4.9 _ - .6 _ 3.0 4.9 _ _ - .5 1.3 4.8 11.1 1.2 7.8 _ _ _ •- .6 .6 2.3 1.4 1.1 24.6 13.7 15.1 10.8 3.1 4.2 8.7 7.5 6.1 12.9 8.5 4.8 8.2 .4.1 4.3 14.6 11.0 15.4 3.4 2.6 .4 .1 .5 .3 .2 .7 1.0 .6 .1 .2 .5 9.4 6.2 6.9 3.9 2.6 .3 8.1 .4 .1 .7 (V) “ 5.6 4.7 1.6 .2 9.2 12.3 4.6 18.5 11.1 8.3 12.5 8.1 10.3 10.9 8.1 1.1 1.3 .2 .5 1.1 .4 3.7 1.2 6.9 .2 .2 .2 .5 .9 .2 .2 .4 ** “ " _ .3 1.1 62.0 .8 1.9 4.6 15.4 2.8 54.2 2.0 10.1 .2 - - - - 1.2 .2 .5 .2 “ .1 .1 - AO 1/ Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. 27 Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra m eals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and w ar-risk bonuses. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. ? / L ess than 0.05 percent. TABLE A-4. DISTRIBUTION BY AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST PORTS, LICENSED SEAMEN (Percentage distribution of licensed seamen manning seagoing ships of the United States Maritime Industry by average daily earnings, May 195/ 1/) Percent of seamen receiving daily earnings of— Rating Average Number daily Under 20 of earn and seamen ings %/ $ 20 under All licensed seamen...... ........ ......... 6.531 t'29.78 Deck department 2/ .................. ...... Chief mates ............................ Second mates ........................... Third mates ............................ Fourth mates ............................ Radio officers ............ ............. Chief pursers, passenger .................. Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker ............. Assistant pursers, passenger .............. 3,275 $23.97 612 35.65 622 29.34 625 27.42 405 25.76 685 27.61 63 30.06 22.32 ia 30 26.94 Engine department 2/ ....................... a m n First assistant engineers..........'....... Second assistant engineers ................ Third assistant engineers „ .......... .... Junior third assistant engineers ........... Licensed junior engineers ................. 3,256 619 611 633 695 443 210 30.60 38.64 35.15 29.21 26.80 24.99 22.86 \p 21 22 sp 23 24 25 26 24 25 26 ?!? 21 22 23 hi 2.2 2.8 4.4_ 0.7 1.8 .6 1.5 ~ 4.8 7.9 12.8 10.6 23.4 16.3 - 2.5 2.2 3.5 - 7.4 2.3 3.2 6.4 2.5 1.5 2.6 3.3 0.9 1.3 - .5 .3 1.8 _ .5 .6 .4 .6 4.2 .7 4.1 8.8 8.3 18.6 26.7 19.5 2.5 5.7 11.7 16.0 5.3 3.2 8.5 - 5.4 6.8 .6 2.2 9.6 3.1 3.2 22.0 _ 1 .4 6.2 25.3 2.4 28 $ n ~ 30 29 $ 31 32 $ 33 $ 35 $ 36 V 37 & 34 38 $ 39 $ 40 and 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 over 7,8 8,7 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.0 ?|7 2.6 3.0 It? 5.4 3.8 4.4 2.8 2.7 9.8 15.5 10.6 10.6 4.0 2.1 3.5 1.3 1.8 2.7 1.3 .6 3.2 .4 .4 3.2 6.3 9.5 5.0 2.5 3.8 1.3 0.9 3.3 1.5 7.7 .5 - 1.7 0.9 3.1 4.6 14.4 - . .6 .4 4.8 4.8 - 31 8ll 12.6 11.6 9.4 7.7 5.7 5.7 .5 .7 2.5 3.6 8.3 5.0 3.0 18.5 18.2 14.5 14.1 8.2 17.3 13.8 16.0 9.6 11.5 6.7 3.0 2.0 3.0 24.4 17,3 9.4 7.7 1.2 12.1 27.3 16.1 11.8 7.4 3.1 5.1 - 6.3 9.5 12.7 15.9 - 3.5 3.5 4.3 8.8 13.8 8.8 5.0 10.0 8.8 8.8 10.2 9.6 6.8 4.5 3.0 4.0 4.4 2.5 1.8 .7 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.4 9.8 9.2 13.6 24.2 11.7 17.0 21.0 16.7 7.8 5.3 6.3 17.2 18.3 11.7 6.5 3.2 1.6 5.2 1.9 1.9 5.2 8.1 8.8 7.3 4.0 .2 ~ 15.7 2.5 3.7 .9 “ 2.1 1.3 .7 .5 1/ Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. S Includes all wage payments, and allowances, such as nonwatch allowance, and w a r-risk bonuses. 3/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. * 27 7.1 5.7 5.1 7.0 2.9 .9 6.4 .2 - - .9 - - 8.0 .3 - .4 4.8 - 4.0 3.3 6.5 3.6 4.3 2.8 7.6 3.9 3.9 21.0 12.9 17.0 13.4 26.2 14.1 11.8 11.3 5.1 3.6 1.1 12.1 .3 1.6 .5 2.1 1.4 1.4 1.6 .6 1.2 .4 •4 1.9 — ~ ~ * Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. TABLE A-5. DISTRIBUTION BY AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST PORTS, UNLICENSED SEAMEN (Percentage distribution of unlicensed seamen manning seagoing ships of the United States Maritime Industry by average daily earnings, May 1957 J7) Rating All unlicensed seamen ......................... j/ Number of seamen Average daily Under earnand ings under 12 13 14 Z/ £ 24.049 _&L6*99-_ 4.2 Percent of seamen receiving daily earnings of— 71-- it h t* f5 f6 fv is U &> & iz ,1 7 h i5 I T T J9.Q 15 16 17 7.1_ 8.2. Deck department ..... *.................... Bosuns ................................. Carpenters ....................... *...... .. Deck maintenance ............. ............ Able-bodied seamen ......... ..... ......... Ordinary seamen............. ............ 7,727 633 243 1,060 3,800 1,842 $17.75 21.40 20.39 17.74 18.56 14*39 0.7 4.6 7.7 5.2 8.6 15.8 .5 1.4 .8 .8 .6 3.1 20.1 17.7 .1 .3 1.3 6.2 21.5 1.8 18.9 32.4 17.0 10.4 9.5 Engine department $J .......................... Unlicensed junior engineers........... ..... Electricians ............................. Second electricians ....................... Engine maintenance ........................ Oilers ................................. Firemen, water tenders................ .... Wipers........... ...................... 6,956 264 454 288 176 1,909 1,944 1,540 16.72 16.95 20.91 16.25 16.89 17.33 12.41 10.9 5.4 4.9 4.6 11.0 18.0 - 15.5 31.8 22.3 1.4 2.1 1.7 29.0 16.5 7.4 13.1 .1 .4 1.6 5.0 19.3 28.3 •2 2.2 10.4 29.5 .5 48.6 23.3 16.2 6.5 3.1 .9 Stewards department j/........................ Chief stewards, passenger .................. Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker ......... Second stewards, passenger ................. Chefs, passenger .......................... Cooks, passenger ......................... Cooxs, dry-cargo and tanker................. Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and trnker ........ Assistant cooks, passenger ............ ...... Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ......... Stewards, passenger ....................... Waiters, passenger ........ ............... Messmen, all ships.... .................. .. Bellboys, passenger ....................... 9,366 38 579 48. 42 242 591 540 183 560 764 747 3,983 147 16.56 31*61 22.71 26.40 31.79 24.72 20.30 19.56 a.64 18.16 15.11 15.60 13.76 14.44 22.61 2.0 15.2 1.1 .4 3.6 18.2 4.7 6.6 2.2 27.7 8.2 12.2 22.2 .4 1.1 22.3 20.2 40.3 25.2 10.5 - 2.2 1.4 13.4 19.4 14.7 28.5 18 21 22 j 25 26 1.4 1.1 2.1 9.0 3.3 .5 2.3 - 1.4 4.9 7.8 1.0 1.1 - 18.5 9.0 3.9 3.5 2.6 2.4 1.9 .8 2.3 3.8 1.5 3.0 8.7 6.8 1.5 6.4 8.6 13.7 12.1 16.1 15.0 12.5 11.1 13.2 11.8 13.9 14.6 5.2 5.7 2.8 14.2 2.3 1.7 1.7 .8 .6 28.4 10.9 2.4 1.8 .3 33.0 14.6 4.3 3.3 1.3 .2 .5 .6 .2 .1 .5 - 1.2 9.5 8.7 3.4 - 19 12«A_ 9*2 15.0 4.6 12.3 19.4 20.4 5.0 2D 6.5 23 24 \ -3.8 13.2 8.3 6.6 5.2 15.2 17.2 12.6 13.4 20.6 15.2 11.5 16.9 13.4 7.1 8.4 4.4 17.4 10.0 7.8 5.8 .7 3.1 1.0 - 5.9 6.4 5.7 6.1 6.9 5.0 .3 3.5 17.8 2.1 12.5 .8 2.5 1.2 3.3 6.6 6.2 2.4 14.6 36.0 23.0 .4 5.4 30.4 37.6 13.0 2.2 2.2 3.3 4.4 9.3 12.6 .9 16.4 33.9 23.2 7.1 13.9 .8 9.7 12.8 11.3 3.4 2.0 .7 10.7 13.0 9.0 7.1 6.0 .6 7.2 4.8 1.8 .5 5.4 6.8 7.5 2.7 2.7 “ 2.8 8.8 7.8 1.4 3.2 - is i9 I T and 27 23 29 1.3 3.5 3.7 1.5 1.4 .1 0.5 3.0 .5 .3 0.3 2.7 .2 0.2 1.1 . _ .2 - 0.1 .9 - 0.3 1.1 .1 - .5 .9 2.3 9.3 1.4 - .4 1.1 3.1 .3 i.1 - .1 1.7 - .2 2.1 _ _ .3 2.9 . _ - .3 _ 1.9 _ - - i 30 over _ _ _ - .6 .2 1.0 3.7 2.5 2.0 1.5 . 1.0 .7 .9 - 31.6 13.2 55.3 - • .9 24.5 17.1 13.1 10.4 5.9 4.8 1.7 14.6 4.2 2.1 6.2 10.4 6.2 25.0 2.1 14.6 - 11.9 14.3 9.5 - 11.9 - 52.4 10.7 9.9 4.5 2.5 6.2 9..9 11.6 9.5 2.9 11.2 9.6 6.3 3.6 3.2 .2 .2 .7 .3 7.8 2.4 3.1 14.8 11.5 14.2 7.1 8.2 3.8 1.6 .5 .9 1.2 .5 .1 .1 .1 .1 .5 .5 .5 .3 .4 .1 1.1 .1 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .1 .7 — “ “ * (V) (V) {&/) 1/ Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. ? / Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra m eals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and w ar-risk bonuses. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. 37 L ess than 0.03 percent. TABLE A-6. DISTRIBUTION BY AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — WEST COAST PORTS, LICENSED SEAMEN (Percentage distribution of licensed seamen manning seagoing ships of the United States Maritime Industry by average daily earnings, May 1957 1/) Percent of seamen receiving d a ily earnings of— Rating Number of seamen Average T ~ -T~ daily Under 20 21 22 earn $ and ings 2/ 20 under 21 22 : 23 3 ”T “ ~ T “ 23 25 24 24 <2,7 1.9 25 26 6 tl 9.9 4.3 .7 6.8 6.6 3.7 9.9 8.3 9.8 5.1 14.4 22.5 10.5 15.0 10.7 - 26 27 “ T ““ 28 29 27 28 29 30 32 32 33 34 w 3.2 . 2.6 31 All licensed seamen ........................ 3.0% £29.83 Deck department j / ..... ................... Chief mates ........................ . Second mates ........................... Third mates ............................ Fourth mates........................... Radio officers ......................... Chief pursers, passenger ................. Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker ............. Assistant pursers, passenger........... . 1,545 £29.18 270 36.61 273 29.63 278 28.14 213 26.84 295 27.61 20 31.44 131 23.82 24 23.01 2.1 1.1 13.0 41.7 0.9 1.6 - 1.1 .9 1.0 3.1 14.5 8.3 - 1.9 3.3 1.1 .7 3.2 1.9 7.5 2.7 2.0 10.7 10.7 - Engine department 2/.............. ......... Chief engineers ......................... First assistant engineers................. Second assistant engineers ................ Third assistant engineers................. Junior third assistant engineers ........... Licensed junior engineers ................. 1,551 270 270 282 297 337 95 30.47 40.27 34.98 29.07 27.03 25.16 23.61 .4 6.3 .5 2.3 - 4.5 8.4 21.1 3.4 5.3 7.9 9.9 8.6 7.5 5.4 7.3 5.1 3.4 - 1.1 7.8 8.1 4.4 3.7 1.1 3.9 8.9 13.8 6.7 11.0 18.8 16.3 8.2 2.4 2.7 13.5 15.5 18.5 17.8 11.4 9.8 3.7 3.0 - 1.5 7.7 17.2 18.7 22.6 10.7 9.5 4.7 3.0 20.0 13.7 8.4 6.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 ** w 8.L 7*9 ~Tp “3-33 34 " T " ""I 30 31 hit 15.6 8.3 10.8 6.7 5.4 4.2 1.9 1.5 4.8 4.4 15.4 8.8 16.1 9.9 11.7 6.6 15.3 12.6 13.7 8.3 6.1 5.3 23.9 7.5 12.2 5.6 3.3 5.2 27.1 14.6 16.3 9.5 3.1 1.0 - 25.0 15.0 15.3 5.3 2.3 2.3 8.3 12.5 12.5 8.3 - •- 4.8 8.9 5.9 6.1 2.8 3.1 - - $ 35 $ 36 3 37 3 “TT~ 38 39 36 37 38 39 2.7 3.4 1.3 2.0 2.2 7.9 4.4 2.4 3.4 2.3 0.6 9.6 7.4 13.0 9.3 2.6 8.1 4.0 2.6 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.1 _ _ _ _ _ .7 4.1 10.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 _ . 2.3 - 1.0 4.8 1.1 5.0 6.3 25.6 .7 _ 1.1 _ _ _ _ . . _ _ - 35 2.9 ' 2.0 2.8 3.7 10.0- 9.3 10.4 5.3 1.1 1.8 1.0 3.2 • 2.1 4.4 2.0 1.1 11.9 7.4 8.1 11.9 4.1 .7 1.8 .7 3.2 - 1/ Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. 27 Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as nonwatch allowance, and w a r-risk bonuses. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. T/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. _ _ .7 _ - 40 40 and over 3.0 3.3 10.8 14.4 14.4 45.9 1.9 4*4 15.9 .7 - TABLE A-7. DISTRIBUTION BY AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — WEST COAST PORTS, UNLICENSED SEAMEN (Percentage distribution of unlicensed seamen manning seagoing ships of the United States Maritime Industry by average daily earnings, May 1957 ^1/) Percent of seamen receiving daily earnings of— Rating Number of seamen Average daily sUnder ♦ 1 12 13 earn and ♦ ings 2/ 12 under 13 14 All unlicensed seamen ............................ n-.io9 Deck department j/ ............................... Bosuns .......... .......................... . Carpenters .................................. Deck maintenance... .............. ............ Able-bodied seamen..... ...................... Ordinary seamen .............................. 3,627 275 186 596 1,703 718 Engine department .......... •.................. Unlicensed junior engineers ..................... Electricians ................................. Second electricians ........................... Engine maintenance ............................ Oilers.... ................................. Firemen, water tenders ......................... Wipers...................................... 3,139 44 213 222 54 811 805 684 18.71 3.4 16.89 27.67 25.63 16.80 18.54 18.13 1.9 13.59 13.5 Stewards department y ........................... Chief stewards, dry—cargo and tanker ............. Chefs, passenger .*............................ Cooks, passenger ............................. Cook8, dry-cargo and tanker .................... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker ............ Assistant cooks, passenger ..................... Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ............. Stewards, passenger.... ....................... falters, passenger ............................ Messiaen, all ships ................ ........... Dml1VlA!lT0 Y\o ... / ... 4,343 254 30 116 265 219 63 297 344 356 1,816 61 16.99 1.9 23.49 31.18 23.71 21.24 20.61 22.21 19.12 14.05 15.32 14.35 1.5 13.07 14.8 y 14 « 15 15 16 ITIT \ o L I2 % L *5 Is I? Is I9 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 .29 30 over 1.8 1.6 1.3 0.9 0.6 4,0 3.0 7.3 8.6 1.7 3.0 - 1.5 4.0 4.8 .7 1.6 - 2.0 3.3 5.4 2.5 2.0 - 1.1 4.7 2.7 1.7 .6 - 0.5 7.6 2.5 13.1 1.1 1.6 .5 3.5 .4 7.8 - 1.9 2.1 1.4 2.0 . 6.8 8.5 5.2 10.3 11.7 8.1 14*9 9.0 5.4 .6 _ - 1.2 5.2 9.0 - 1.5 9.4 8.6 _ - .9 3.5 8.9 30.5 2.7 18.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ - .6 .4 .8 1.2 - 10.0 9.5 5.2 .8 •_ -1.7 - .3 1.3 2.8 4.3 6.7 56.7 7.8 _ _ _ _ 3.2 _ .7 .6 . - and 17 Sl8.8Q_ -1.7♦ 21.05 24.62 * 22.91 21.15 ' 21.61 15.94 - i3 18 8.6 19 20 4.4 6,4 1.0 4.0 2.6 3.9 .5 2.7 1.4 5.0 20.3 13.0 14.1 7.6 11.4 8.5 9.7 8.4 9.6 1.1 1.5 2.2 5.8 8.7 14.9 8.1 11.3 14.5 3.6 6.7 10.6 8.1 12.8 11.2 11.6 6.3 14.2 10.3 11.6 9.7 12.2 16.0 13.5 8.9 5.2 1.4 1.9 6.4 6.1 4.5 5.3 - 25.0 22.7 - 20.4 - 9.3 .7 6.4 1.1 .7 3.2 28.2 27.2 14.8 8.8 7.4 11.2 6.8 25.0 - 3.6 37.0 5.6 11.7 14.7 12.2 21.0 1.9 2.6 8.1 27.9 3.4 9.0 32.8 4.4 4.2 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.3 3.2 1.2 1.2 1.6 5.9 24.8 22.4 19.7 7.1 5.1 - 10.0 2.6 2.6 9.5 9.5 4.3 2.6 9.5 6.9 12.1 2.6 5.3 17.0 23.0 20.0 13.6 7.5 1.1 3.0 3.2 19.6 1J.7 27.9 9.1 8.2 7.3. .9 3.7 3.2 27.0 6.3 14.3 9.5 19.0 11.1 3.2* 15.8 26.9 21.5 7.4 8.1 5.1 1.0 .6 .6 .6 .6 11.2 7.0 2.5 2.2 2.8 8.0 4.1 1.0 .6 .7 1.8 .9 .3 18.4 4b.8 21.3 25.4 26.2 17.9 10*3 2.6 4.3 17.4 2.6 43.5 5.3 26.9 19.7 18.0 8.2 6.2 2.3 12.8 17.3 11.4 6.6 13.6 3.3 2.3 6.3 5.6 18.5 28.0 21.1 11.3 32.9 18.3 5.8 .9 1.8 .4 3.6 4.7 5.9 3.7 3.2 1.7 - 6.3 6.8 3.7 14.2 5.9 18.8 9.4 9.4 8.2 6.2 .7 2.3 2.3 6.3 2.2 1.1 - 4.5 8.0 8.6 6.5 4.7 - 1.4 4.3 16.7 11.2 3.8 1.4 3.2 .7 .6 .6 - _ - Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. 2/ Includes all wage payments and allowances, sue’ as tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra m eals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and w ar-risk bonuses. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE A-8. DISTRIBUTION BY DAILY PREMIUM EARNINGS — ALL PORTS (Percentage distribution of seamen manning seagoing ships in the United Spates Maritime Industry by average daily premium earnings, May 1957 1/) Rating Number of seamen Average daily $ premium Under 1 end earn $ under ings 7j 1 2 Percent of seamen receiving daily premium earnings of— 2 $ 3 > 4 4 4 $ 5 6 7 V 3 V 9 10 $ 11 12 $ 13 14 $ 15 16 17 $ 13 19 5 6 7 8 .9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 $ 20 and over 3.8 7.4 6.2 16.3 9.1 4.3 14.6 7.4 5.1 10.4 5.9 3.7 13.0 4.8 3.8 9.0 6.4 1.1 1.1 1.9 10.4 10.4 5.5 4.0 2.3 2.6 2.4 1.3 5.7 6.3 1.3 2.6 2.4 1.4 5.1 3.3 3.8 .9 1.4 .6 .8 _ 6.6 3.1 3.4 .3 .3 .2 .3 .6 .3 2.6 '3.8 1.1 5.7 6.6 1.1 .7 .3 _ _ 2.8 0.6 .3 _ _ 3.8 2.9 •2 _ _ •4 3.8 1.9 .2 9.6 8.3 5.0 6.5 2.5 4.0 8.8 4.1 1.4 .6 3.3 4.0 6.0 1.5 1.6 .3 4.8 2.1 2.3 .4 1.6 .2 6.1 2.0 2.0 .4 - 1.0 3.3 .3 - 1.3 .1 .9 1.0 2.0 .5 .5 - 1.1 1.6 1.7 .7 - 1.7 .3 .2 - 7.9 4.9 5.1 6.3 2.9 4.4 7.2 2.3 4.3 .9 5.1 1.6 .6 2.0 .3 2.6 2.8 1.8 2.4 ;7 .2 1.2 .8 1.6 - .2 .6 .7 - .3 .2 •2 .1 1.2 1.3 •4 - .6 .7 .3 - .2 .5 - .2 .4 - 1.4 1.1 - 1.3 3.1 3.3 1.4 2.2 .2 1.0 4.2 4.2 2.6 .8 .3 - .6 3.6 3.3 •6 .1 - 3.1 3.3 .2 - 1.0 2.2 2.1 - 1.7 1.5 - 1.0 1.0 - .7 1.3 - .3 .6 - - - - 6.0 10.0 10.0 .2 .7 7.7 13..8 9.2 8.3 4.7 3.1 2.8 .7 .8 .8 2.4 •6 •2 .5 .3 (2/) 2.0 .2 1.5 5.6 1.1 - .4 2.8 .1 - 5.6 .3 .1 - 3.1 •6 - 2.8 - 4 4 4 4 4 Licensed seamen: Deck department: Chief mates ......................... Second mates ......................... Third mates ......................... Fourth mates ............ ............ Radio officers ....................... Chief pursers, passenger ................ Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker .*....... . Assistant pursers, passenger.... ........ 882 895 903 618 930 83 272 104 $10.59 9.48 9.19 9.17 9.08 8.61 4.54 11.17 Engine department: Chief engineers ...................... First assistant engineers .............. Second assistant engineers.... ......... Third assistant engineers .............. Junior third assistant engineers ......... Licensed junior engineers............. . 389 881 915 992 780 305 1.36 9.64 8.90 8.16 7.50 5.66 Deck department: Bosuns .............................. Carpenters ............. .............. Deok maintenance ..................... Able-bodied seamen.................... Ordinary seamen ....................... 908 429 1,656 5,503 2,560 6.95 6.85 5.82 7.30 5.39 1.1 .41 2.1 .4 1.1 .3 2.9 Engine deportment: Unlicensed junior engineers ............. Electricians ......................... Second electricians ..... .............. Engine maintenance ................ . Oilers.............................. Firemen, water tenders ................. Wipers ............................. 308 667 510 230 2,720 2,749 2,224 2.40 6.08 6.25 3.18 5.89 6.13 2.01 34.7 19.8 7.1 6 .4 7.1 7.1 27.4 13.0 •4 .4 .3 24.9 35.2 50 833 65 72 358 856 759 246 857 1,108 1,103 5,799 203 6.99 10.18 10.38 8.08 6.01 5.94 7.95 5.85 4.55 5.28 4.27 4.91 0.4 0.9 .4 .6 .9 .3 .3 9.0 18.0 *5.5 5.7 -.9 0.2 1.0 .8 .3 6.2 2.3 47.3 15.5 13.81.2 •4 1.7 .2 2.2 .4 1.4 1.4 3.4 .7 2.2 .9 5.1 5.4 11.1 2.3 5.4 5.1 4.6 9.8 13.3 1.2 1.7 2.3 7.4 14.2 16.4 .9 1.0 3.0 11.1 15.1 18.8 .3 1.4 2.7 9.9 13.0 18.6 1.4 3.3 4.4 7.2 13.9 27.0 3.3 14.1 10.3 7.7 7.7 3.8 9.9 15.4- 14.7 9.6 9.2 4.8 4.7 1.9 5.7 3.8 6.6 8.5 9.6 4.1 4.7 4.4 4.3 8.5 1.8 2.7 5.2 1.7 2.7 8.1 2.0 3.2 5.1 6.7 13.1 14.6 .3 10.6 10.7 19.9 18.5 16.2 .7 9.0 12.6 17.0 25.7 10.5 8.5 13.5 12.6 27.4 13.6 5.1 3.3 - 1.0 13.6 18.8 10.8 18.6 .6 .6.3 17.3 12.0 12.9 1.9 6.4 - 6.4 Unlicensed seamen: Stewards department: Chief stewards, passenger... ........... Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker.....♦ Second stewards, passenger ............. Chefs, passenger ..................... Cooke, passenger ..................... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ............. Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker ...... Assistant cooks, passenger ............. Assistant codes, dry-cargo and tanker ..... Stewards, passenger ................... Hesemen, all ships .................... Bellboys, passenger ................... 8.64 17.2 19.3 15.2 10.9 27.7 9.3 11.9 10.6 5.3 13.3 7.9 11.9 16.6 15.8 8.6 11.2 6.0 19.4 19.8 13.9 8.6 22.7 10.2 8.9 5.1 5.2 11.7 12.7 12.6 18.2 12.8 4.7 8.4 10.7 10.4 9.6 26.4 30.5 2.2 .6 10.1 10.0 8.3 25.4 28.8.3 -■ 4.0 12.0 1.9 5.5 5.2 4.6 9.2 4.2 .6 6.1 7.3 7.0 .6 3.0 6.6 6.2 1.6 6.0 9.2 •8 6.9 3.3 5.7 3.4 4.7 10.2 14.0 7.5 10.1 15.3 7.9 12.9 10.1 15.6 4.9 8.6 17.2 45.3 9.1 7.7 8.7 13.5 14.0 13.8 4.6 8.3 9.5 34.1 38.5 9.3 36.9 11.3 16.1 13.5 10.6 6.0 6.0 14.0 28.6 20.6 11.2 7.4 1.7 9.2 6.2 6.2 1.5 9.7 19.4 13.9 1.4 8.3 8.9 12.6 5.6 5.0 10.1 •2 31.1 9.7 4.7 2.0 34.0 5.1 3.4 .4 8.5 6.5 18.3 18.3 9.3 28.0 7.1 4.3 2.0 •6 '8.7 7.9 6.4 5.6 1.4 9.0 3.9 5.4 7.3 7.4, .3 .4 3.1 2.1 1 1.1 19.7 7.7 4.3 3.8 5.3 .3 .9 2.0 • 4.6 . _ 1.6 9.8 1.3 2.6 3.7 6.9 1.2 9.4 2.6 3.0 12.0 10.5, 17.9 3.0 13.9 16.9 8.1 12.0 6.5 8.1 8.3 13.9 8.7 1.6 8.0 .6 3.2 20.3 10.6 1/ Data relate to latest trip ending prior to June 1957. Includes seamen with no daily premium earnings. 7 / Total of overtim e and penalty earnings. Seamen with no premium earnings were included in "Under $ 1. T/ L ess than 0.05 percent. .6 7.7 8.7 2.6 11.9 16.3 .6 1.6 7.7 6.5 1.3 4.9 4.5 .5 6.0 8.0 1.1 1.4 3.1 15.4 4.2 5.6 8.9 5.9 .8 .9 .7 •4 4.1 4.5 .9 .4 .2 .9 1.6 •6 .5 .4 .5 • " .4 .1 (2/) TABLE A-9. DISTRIBUTION BY DAILY PREMIUM EARNINGS — ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST PORTS (Percentage distribution of seamen manning seagoing ships in the United States Maritime Industry by average daily premium earnings, May 1957 1/) Hating Number of seamen Average $ daily $ 2 premium ■Under 1 earn and ings 2J '1 under 2 ...1_ Percent of seamen recei\ring daily premiian earnings of£ 1 4 ■ 5 $ 3 L — 6 I 6 $ 7 $ 3 $ 9 1 10 $ 12 $ 13 $ 14 & 15 i 11 16 17 T 18 £ 19 1 — -2- 8 9 10 11 IS 12 14 1? 16 17 13 19 20 over 9.6 7.8 8.7 6.5 20.3 18.2 9.3 4.8 13.0 18.6 4.3 4.5 29.9 9.9 6.2 3.2 14.7 13.1 4.2 3.2 - 11.1 7.9 3.2 2.5 13.8 13.8 - 3.3 2.6 2.9 1.2 2.5 1.6 7.5 5.4 .2 2.1 2.0 .9 6.3 5.0 4.6 1.3 1.6 _ .4 8.8 3.6 4.1 _ _ 1.2 4.8 8.8 1.3 .5 - 0.5 _ .9 3.2 7.5 1.1 _ _ _ .6 4.8 2.5 20 and Licensed seamen: Deck departmentt Chief mates..................... . Second mates........... ............ Third mates ........................ Fourth mates ........................ Radio officers .............. . Chief pursers, passenger .............. Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker ......... Assistant pursers, passenger ....... . 63 141 80 $10.42 9.41 8.92 8.95 9.03 9.52 3.90 12.67 Engine department: Chief engineers ..................... First assistant engineers ..... ....... Second assistant engineers ............ Third assistant engineers ............. Junior third assistant engineers ........ Lioensed junior engineers ...»......... 619 611 633 695 443 210 1.37 9.83 9.22 8.05 7.66 5.41 612 622 625 m 685 1.6 .5 12.7 21.3 5.0 0.5 .3 .8 6.3 5.7 1.3 0.3 .6 1.4 - 56.1 12.9 14.4 .8 .8 .5 .3 2.7 2.0 3.6 .9 1.1 7.6 4.3 11.0 2.3 4.6 4.7 3.4 12.7 15.2 .8 6.6 14.8 18.5 .3 1.6 .6 .8 3.0 12.6 14.6 18.7 1.2 3.5 11.9 13.1 17.5 .9 2.6 4.5 7.2 14.5 28.0 4.3 7.9 3.2 9.5 4.8 8.5 26.2 19.9 5.0 7.8 4.3 5.0 2.5 2.5 5.0 8.6 1.8 5.5 2.3 4.2 9.3 .9 2.1 2.2 1.4 2.9 7.9 .5 2.7 5.2 1.0 14.3 12.9 10.1 11.7 19.6 17.3 16.7 8.7 14.2 15.1 30.7 12.9 _ 7.9 3.8 _ _ _ _ 5.0 _ 2.1 .9 _ . - .3 17.3 8,3 19.4 20.7 11.5 10.2 16.3 14.9 8.6 - 8.3 7.0 5.2 6.1 3.8 4.9 9.0 5.0 1.4 1.0 3.4 3.9 5.6 1.1 2.4 3.9 3.0 2.7 .7 2.4 5.4 2.4 2.4 .7 - .5 3.4 .6 - 1.8 .2 1.3 - 1.5 .5 *4 - 1.1 1.0 4.1 8.6 4.1 9.0 6.1 5.3 4.5 2.4 6.3 3.1 4.3 4.5 1.1 4.9 1.3 4.7 2.9 2.2 .8 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.1 .7 .3 .5 1.4 - .3 .8 - .3 _ .3 .1 .8 .1 - .2 - - .3 .1 - .1 - 1.9 1.5 2.1 .6 2.1 .3 1.1 .9 3.4 .4 .3 - .3 .4 .4 .2 - 2.4 2.1 .3 - 1.1 - - _ - - - _ - _ - _ . _ _ - -( 9.5 .4 4.2 .8 _ 4.8 _ 1" . 2.5 .5 .3 - Unlicensed seamen: Deck department: Bosuns .......................... .. Carpenters ......................... Deck maintenance ............... . Able-bodied seamen... ............... Ordinary seamen ..................... 1,342 6.30 6.35 5.08 7.16 5.53 Engine department: Uhlicensed junior engineers ........... Electricians .................... . Second electricians .................. Engine maintenance ........... ....... Oilers ............................ Firemen, water tenders ................ Wipers ............................ 264 454 288 176 1,909 1,944 1,540 2.33 4.53 4.31 3.14 5.52 6.01 1.32 Stewards department: Chief stewards, passenger ............. Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker ...... Second stewards, passenger .......... . Chefs, passenger .......... ......... Cooks, passenger .................... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ........... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker .... Assistant cooks, passenger .......... . Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ... Stewards, passenger ................. Waiters, passenger .................. Messmen, all ships .................. Bellboys, passenger .................. 38 579 48 42 242 591 540 183 560 764 747 3,983 147 9.61 7.35 11.99 12.57 9.54 6.31 6.05 8.99 6.14 5.33 6.42 4.66 6.27 633 243' 1,060 3,800 .5 1.1 7.7 14.4 - 11.9 1.6 1.3 2.2 12.6 21.3 .3 1.6 .3 .6 .4 .5 14.3 34.1 21.6 7.9 9.0 9.4 11.1 33.0 15.9 .3 .6 .6 30.3 33.9 2.6 .4 .4 .3 1.0 “ .1 .3 .1 — 20.2 21.4 18.3 10.3 29.8 9.3 12.2 11.5 17.7 7.8 16.5 14.6 9.0 10.4 23.4 20.5 15.6 24.2 9.0 9.1 .8 .3 13.6 6.4 2.7 8.7 17.3 7.0 16.7 13.9 11.2 6.2 12.3 8.3 12.2 13.7 7.3 12.8 6.2 5.1 13.1 10.2 9.7 1.7 1.6 9.2 21.5 31.6 24.9 6.6 .2 2.3 15.1 35.6 28.4 12.0 18.1 10,5 3.3 2.0. .6 .5 .5 - 3.0 .3 .9 1.4 .3' .7 1.9 1.1 1.4 13.7 9.6 16.0 5.4 7.9 3.7 3.0 5.0 3.3 3.0 21.7 15.8 56.7 19.0 12.3 6.2 11.2 36.3 42.8 8.2 45.9 15.6 21.6 16.5 15.0 37.1 12.5 11.9 6.6 39.5 41.7 3.3 33.0 12.6 10.0 3.6 27.9 3.5 1.7 1.9 3.3 .1 7.9 7.9 I8.4 7.9 10.5 7.9 13.2 13.2 .2 23.7 13.3 8.1 1.9 1.2 1.6 4.2 8.3 2.1 4.2 14.6 10.4 18.7 12.5 - 14.3 16.7 4.3 2.4 4.8 7.1 9.5 12.0 6.2 7.4 12.4 13.2 8,7 7.0 4.5 4.1 12.0 4.6 2.4 .3 .3 5.4 3.3 5.5 23.5 24.6 12.6 5.5 6.0 3.3 1.1 1.1 9.3 5.5 1.4 11.3 9.0 7.9 1.8 1.3 .9 .3 .3 10.7 13.3 5.5 8.0 2.4 .7 .9 •4 2.3 1.5 .1 (2/) .1 .4 .4 10.9 6.1 5.4 8.2 .7 ~ “ 1/ D»t*» relate to latest trip ending prior to June 1957. Includes seamen with no daily premium earnings. Total of overtime and penalty earnings. Seamen with no premium earnings were included in "Under $1. " T/ Less than 0.05 percent. 1/ 6 .4 2.6 .3 2.1 9.5 4.8 1.7 .5 .1 .1 (2/) ~ - - .1 - “ TABLE A-10. DISTRIBUTION BY DAILY PREMIUM EARNINGS — WEST COAST PORTS (Percentage distribution of seamen manning seagoing ships in the United States Maritime Industry by average daily premium earnings, May 1957 1/) Percent of seamen receiving daily premium earnings of— Rating Number of seamen daily $ premium Under 1 earn and under ings 2J 1 2 T 2 3 S 4 3 4 5 5 § " T 6 7 8 n r 9 $ 10 $ 11 12 n? 13 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 “T ~ 14 15 $ 16 V 17 18 $ 19 15 16 17 18 19 20 5.4 10.5 ‘ 8.3 3.2 7.2 3.9 6.3 2.4 3.8 4.5 5.0 3.2 5.2 2.3 2.6 2.3 - 2.2 1.0 1.8 1.6 - 2.2 1.1 .7 _ _ _ - 1.8 1.1 1.0 _ 2.3 0.7 1.1 1.0 _ - 0.7 1.0 _ _ - 6.9 .7 2.2 8.2 1.9 1.4 - 4.7 4.1 6.8 2.0 - 1.1 6.9 2.9 - .7 7.6 1.0 1.0 - 2.2 2.9 1.0 1.8 - - 2.9 3.2 .7 .6 - 1.1 2.9 .7 . - - 5.8 1.7 1.6 .7 4.0 3.2 1.0 2.9 .7 2.7 1.5 1.9 - 1.7 .4 - 1.8 2.2 .5 3.5 - *1.1 - 1.8 1.6 . .5 - .7 . 1.8 -• 1.1 - 4.7 3.5 - 9.5 10.9 10.0 4.7 9.5 8.6 3.3 1.7 1.1 2.5 .4 - 4.5 4.7 - 6.8 4.1 4.7 3.4 - 1 - 3.2 2.2 - 2.3 3.0 - .9 1.3 -. - - - - 2.0 “ - 1.2 “ - ■ “ — - 20 and over Licensed seamen: Deck department: Chief mates ................ ........ Second mates ......................... Third mates ......................... Fourth mates....... ................. Radio officers ....................... Chief pursers, passenger ...... ...... Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker ........... Assistant pursers, passenger ............ 270 273 273 213 295 20 131 24 $10.97 9.64 9.80 9.59 9.20 5.78 5.24 6.20 Engine departments Chief engineers....................... First assistant engineers .............. Second assistant engineers ............. Third assistant engineers ............... Junior third assistant engineers ............ Licensed junior engineers .............. 270 270 282 297 337 95 2.97 9.21 3.18 8.41 7.29 6.21 275 136 596 1,703 718 8.44 7.51 7.14 7.60 4.92 4.0 7.2 5.8 7.2 3.2 9.0 1.4 1.8 .7 0.7 3.2 1.8 5.7 9.3 12.9 11.8 .7 2.4 1.4 1.4 2.8 7.7 16.0 18.8 .9 2.3 .9 1.8 1.4 6.3 12.6 20.3 1.0 1.3 2.6 4.8 4.2 7.4 12.6 24.8 - 13.0 - 47.8 13.0 17.4 14.5 5.3 11.5 11.5 3.8 9.2 14.5 10.7 5.3 20.0 10.0 10.0 6.7 16.7 13.3 23.3 - 6.1 14.7 11.5 22.5 11.0 8.7 6.9 - 10.8 4.7 12.2 8.6 5.9 13.9 11.3 5.4 12.6 6.1 2.3 - 27.4 21.5 12.6 11.9 9.6 3.0 2.6 2.2 3.3 1.1 .7 2.2 1.4 3.6 9.0 4.3 6.9 11.6 9.7 5.4 2.5 12.3 6.9 3.8 4.1 11.7 8.6 8.9 17.2 9.6 12.7 1.4 2.9 2.3 2.3 8.4 20.4 21.0 9.1 15.9 4.5 1.4 3.4 2.0 4.0 3.7 4.9 19.2 19.2 21.5 10.3 6.9 6.7 11.5 18.3 10.6 18.3 15.4 5.8 1.9 5.8 - _ _ . - Unlicensed seamen: Deck department: Bosuns ............. ................ Carpenters .......................... Deck maintenance ....... ............... Able-bodied seamen .................... Ordinary seamen ...................... Engine departments Unlicensed junior engineers ............. Electricians ......................... Second electricians........ ..... ..... Engine maintenance.... .... .... ...... Oilers.......................... ’..... Firemen, water tenders ...................... Wipers ............................. Stewards deoartment: Chief stewards, passenger........... . Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker ...... Second stewards, passenger ............. Chefs, passenger ..................... Cooks, passenger ..................... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ............. Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker .... Assistant cooks, passenger ............. Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ..... Stewards, passenger .............,...... Waiters, passenger .................... Kessmen, all ships .................... Bellboys, passenger ................... 44 213 222 5-4 811 805 684. 12 254 17 30 116 265 219 63 297 344 356 1,816 61 .7 - 1.1 1.8 3.6 9.3 5.1 6.5 10.2 9.1 11.3 8.4 9.8 12.7 4.7 2.7 8.6 16.7 7.5 8.1 5.9 26.9 5.4 10.8 3.7 11.2 9.4 18.0 8.1 12.6 9.4 10.1 5.9 7.6 6.1 11.0 10.3 18.3 10.3 7.8 6.3 3.2 9.4 12.6 22.2 18.6 13.2 3.6 2.5 2.2 - 2.50 9.37 8.76 3.32 6.77 6.40 2.43 38.6 9.1 .6.8 18.2 20.5 6.8 5.5 1.4 5.5 7.7 10.9 10.5 3.2 3.2 4.3 2.2 2.2 3.4 5.2 7.3 12.5 10.3 10.3 9.3 3.7 38.9 20.4 11.1 7.4 3.7 5.6 1.5 5.2 10.6 14.5 26.5 23.9 11.7 .4 1.0 1.6 5.2 7.4 18.1 29.6 26.5 7.4 .6 1.6 14.0 36.9 24.7 10.6 7.7 2.7 1.3 4.99 6.18 5.07 7.31 5.03 5.33 5.66 4.93 5.31 1.70 2.39 3.40 1.64 17.6 4.0 30.5 3.4 6.4 29.5 1.7 1.9 3.2 44.6 23.9 15.5 31.1 6.3 17.6 19.0 8.7 5/4 27.0 9.8 17.4 39.3 25.3 23.0 16.7 17.3 35.3 10.0 22.4 20.0 16.3 9.5 10.8 2.0 11.0 19.4 16.4 25.0 16.9 13.8 13.2 19.5 11.1 23.6 1.2 15.2 20.4 58.3 17.3 20.0 6.0 28.3 28.1 12.7 19.9 1.7 4.8 6.7 “ 9.1 6.7 13.8 12.5 15.4 23.8 18.5 1.4 2.1 13.8 6.3 11.8 23.3 26.7 13.8 4.3 4.5 4.9 4.5 3.6 9.5 3.2 3.0 2.0 .6 . .6 .6 .6 .3 - 1/ Data relate to latest trip ending prior to June 1957. Includes seamen with no daily premium earnings. 27 Total of overtime and penalty earnings. Seamen with no premium earnings were included in "Under $1.". 5.9 1.2 - 13.3 5.2 1.1 1.4 3.0 1.7 .6 .6 .6 .3 .3 " " .8 1.2 - 17.6 2.3 2.6 1.4 2.3 2.7 1.0 1.0 1.5 “ .8 2.3 “ — TABLE A—11. SUPPLEMENTARY EARNINGS — ALL PORTS (Average daily supplem entary earn ings of seam en manning seagoin g ships in the United States M aritim e Industry by type of paym ent, May 1957 1_/) War-risk bonus Total suppleBentary pay 3/ Rating All aaaaen (exeept masters and cadets) .......... JUL7B5 80.23 25.7 *0.90 *0.12 All licensed seamen ........................ 9,627 80.21 14.4 *1.47 Deck department £ / ...................... Chief antes......................... Second antes ........................ third antes................ ......... Fourth antes ..... .................... Radio officers ....................... Chief pursers, passenger ................ Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker ............ Assistant pursers, passenger............. A,320 332 395 903 .21 14.4 14.4 13.6 13.5 18.4 14.9 20.5 13.6 7.7 1.44 Etagine department 2/ ............. ........ Chief engineers.... ................ . First assistant engineers.............. . Second assistant engineers ............. . Third assistant engineers ............... Junior third assistant engineers .......... Licensed junior engineers ............... 4,307 889 381 915 992 780 305 618 930 83 272 104 .23 .19 .17 .21 .21 .73 .17 .23 .21 11.0 *1.13 *0.19 11.9 ♦1.58 11.7 1.57 1.37 1.28 .18 .23 .18 .17 1.16 •21 1.41 3.56 1.26 1.60 3.01 12.1 1.86 .18 .30 .16 .08 11.5 11.4 15.2 11.3 9.6 12.5 3.8 1.55 1.45 1.35 1.57 3.11 1.28 2.17 1.59 2.63 1.78 1.55 1.32 .99 1.49 2.27 .19 .30 12.2 11.6 1.66 .21 1.31 .17 .1? (4/) 11.7 11.3 11.9 19.2 3.0 1.68 .82 .11 10.7 .99 .39 1.18 .94 .94 .89 .72 .12 11.8 11.8 .99 1.21 •16 .08 14.3 14.3 14.4 12.9 13.8 21.4 3.9 .93 1.93 35,158 .24 28.8 Deck department 2/ ....................... Bosuns...... ............ ......... . Carpenters .......................... Deck maintenance...................... Able-bodied seamen.................... Ordinary seamen....... ............... 11,354 17.4 908 .15 .19 429 .12 1,656 .19 .16 .13 12.4 19.9 17.6 17.7 Engine department 2 / ..................... Unlicensed junior engineers ............. Electricians............. ........... Second electricians ................... Engine maintenance .................... Oilers ............................. Firemen, water tenders................. Vipers ................ ............. 10,095 667 510 230 2,720 2,749 2,224 .15 .23 •23 18.0 a.4 19.6 •20 21.2 .13 .15 .14 .13 Stewards department 2 / ................... Chief stewards, passenger............... Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker... . Second stewards, passenger ............... Chefs, passenger...................... Cooks, passenger........... .......... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker... .......... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker..... Assistant cooks, passenger.............. Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ...... Stewards, passpnger ................... Waiters,*passenger ........... ......... Messmsn, all ships................... . Bellboys, passenger ................... 13,709 50 833 65 72 358 356 759 246 857 1,108 1,103 5,799 208 .37 .53 .65 •22 .37 .21 .67 .65 .15 .53 •12 .17 .38 .16 All unlicensed seamen...................... 5,503 2,560 308 .34 .24 .17 .17 .20 16.2 .15 1.26 .96 .12 U.7 14.9 11.3 1.01 1.02 .09 12.0 .77 .11 .11 .15 25.7 19.3 16.9 16.2 .85 1.06 1.45 .94 .50 .77 .81 .82 .07 11.7 14.6 15.0 12.7 15.2 .11 .10 .11 11.6 11.1 12.1 1.48 .82 .44 .92 .90 .87 46.3 22.0 55.8 18.5 41.7 21.2 72.1 75.5 12.6 63.1 10.0 53.5 51.6 15.4 .30 2.42 1.16 1.18 .38 .98 .93 .86 1.22 .85 1.19 .31 .74 1.01 .09 .26 .14 .14 .18 .09 .13 .12 .11 .12 .07 .06 .09 .05 9.0 8.0 11.2 6.2 5.6 3.4 11.6 10.8 4.9 12.6 4.7 4.4 11.4 3.8 1.03 3.24 1.22 2.28 3.20 2.59 1.14 1.12 2.32 .92 1.46 1.46 .79 1.33 .18 •22 .10 .94 1.22 1_/ Data relate to la te s t trips ending prior to June 1957. 2 / Includes other paym ents, such as for penalty c a rg o e s, no linen, etc. , in addition to those shown sep arately. sid e re d as part of the base pay. 3 / Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown sep arately. 4 / L e s s than V2 cent. NOTE: Where en tries are om itted, data w ere eith er not applicable or not com puted. Extra meals Division of work Passenger pay Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving *11 au.1 ux all Number Average Percent Average seamen Percent Average semen Percent Average seamen Percent Average seamen Percent Average Total rating ♦0.04 WX W) - (A/) w) (4/) (4/) (4/ ) \L/j w) .09 .13 .11 .10 .17 .15 (4/) .12 WX (4/) .09 .10 3.8 ♦0.91 .8 .67 .29 - .3 .3 1.1 .5 .3 •16 .59 1.45 .2 .2 .23 .24 .28 •14 9.0 8.3 18.1 5.6 18.2 15.8 2.3 15.9 2.3 1.9 9.4 10.1 .95 1.52 .62 1.06 .94 .97 .38 .76 .89 .50 .96 1.01 - .9 ♦0.08 .13 .07 .08 .06 .15 .16 .03 .15 (4 /) .09 .08 (4 /) 31.8 35.3 12.3 18.1 12.3 53.7 57.4 4.9 52.9 2.9 51.5 34.1 4.3 ♦0.26 .38 :6o .42 .50 .29 .28 .61 .29 1.31 .17 .23 .04 10.08 .18 . . .16 .16 .15 9.8 ♦0.84 22.9 • • • 21.3 22.4 . 17.0 .78 - - - 11.2 - .10 - « .75 .74 .86 • • .90 D oes not include nonwatch pay, uniform or tool allow an ces, which w ere con 00 TABLE A-12. SUPPLEMENTARY EARNINGS — ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST PORTS (A verage daily supplem entary earn ings of seam en manning seagoing ships in the United States M aritim e Industry by type of paym ent, May 1957 1/) Total supplementary pay 2/ Rating Total rating War-risk bonus Division of work Extra meals Passenger pay Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving all all all all seamen Percent Average seamen Percent Average seamen Percent Average seamen Percent Average Number Average Percent Average All seamen (except masters and cadets) .......... 30ft?80 *0.25 — 27,1 40*93 fo,1^ 11.2 tl.15 All licensed seamen.............. ......... 6,531 *0.21 14.4 *1.48 *0.20 11.9 $1.66 Deck department 2/.................. *... Chief mates ......................... Second mates.................. . Third mates......................... Fourth mates ......................... Radio officers........ ............ ... Chief pursers, passenger ............... Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker ............ Assistant pursers, passenger ............. 3,275 612 622 625 405 685 63 HI 80 .22 .24 .19 .18 .23 .22 .87 .23 .30 15.0 14.9 14.3 14.2 19.3 15.0 19.0 13.5 10.0 1.50 1.58 1.34 1.26 1.18 1.45 4.55 1.74 3.01 .20 .24 .19 .17 .22 .20 .39 .23 .11 12.2 12.6 11.7 11.7 15.3 11.8 12.7 13.5 5.0 1.66 1.92 1.59 1.48 1.39 1.65 3.11 1.74 2.17 Fjngine department y ....................... Chief engineers ...................... First assistant engineers ............ . Second assistant engineers............. . Third assistant engineers.............. . Junior third assistant engineers .......... Licensed junior engineers ............... 3,256 619 611 633 695 443 210 .20 .35 .24 .17 ,18 .01 13.9 14.1 14.9 13.4 12.8 21.2 2.9 1.47 2.51 1.60 1.26 1.24 .86 .25 .19 .32 .22 .18 .15 .18 (4/) 11.6 11.8 11.9 11.5 10.5 18.1 2.9 1.67 2.72 1.82 1.58 1.44 .97 .16 All unlicensed seamen ................. ..... . .16 24,049 .26 30.6 .85 .11 11.0 1.00 $0.03 2.8 $1.04 Deck department y ...... ................ Bosuns ...... ....................... Carpenters... .............. ......... Deck maintenance ..................... Able-bodied seamen ................. . Ordinary seamen............ .......... 7,727 633 243 1,060 3,800 1,842 .16 18.6 18.0 9.1 20.8 18.8 19.0 .88 1.18 .70 .93 .90 .70 .11 .16 .06 .14 .12 .09 12.0 12.2 9.1 13.8 11.8 11.9 .96 1.28 .71 1.01 .99 .73 .01 (4/) .7 .5 .3 .9 .7 .82 .29 Engine department y ..................... Unlicensed junior engineers ........... . Electricians........................ Second electricians .................. . Engine maintenance .................... Oilers............................. Firemen, water tenders ................. Wipers ............................. 6,956 264 454 288 176 1,909 1,944 1,540 .91 .32 .14 .09 1.48 .66 .58 .85 .87 .84 .11 .21 .24 .06 .07 .11 .10 .10 11.7 17.0 15.9 12.8 13.1 11.8 11.1 11.8 .98 1.22 1.53 .50 .53 .95 .92 .89 (4/) _ Stewards department y ................... Chief stewards, passenger.... .......... Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker ....... Second stewards, passenger .... ..... . Chefs, passenger ...................... Cooks, passenger............. ........ Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ............. Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker... . Assistant cooks, passenger.... ....... Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ......... Stewards, passenger ................... Waiters, passenger .................... Nessmen, all ships .................... Bellboys, passenger.................. . 9,366 38 579 48 42 242 591 540 183 560 764 747 3,983 147 .42 .54 .70 .30 .44 .27 .78 .71 .19 .71 .15 .17 .43 .07 .83 3.44 1.17 1.18 1.08 1.09 .99 .87 1.47 .89 1.44 .33 .74 1.33 .10 .34 .13 .19 .30 .13 .13 .12 .15 .10 .10 .09 .09 .07 9.6 10.5 10.9 8.3 9.5 5.0 11.7 10.7 6.6 11.6 6.8 6,4 11.4 5.4 1.06 3.24 1.28 2.28 3.20 2.59 1.12 1.11 2.32 .88 1.46 1.46 .78 1.33 .07 .08 .05 .18 .10 .12 •02 .08 - .21 .06 .19 .17 .13 .16 .26 .16 .14 .14 17.2 25.0 21.4 20.5 14.8 18.4 16.7 16.8 50.4 15.8 60.1 25.0 40.5 24.4 78.8 81.3 13.1 79.6 10.7 51.9 57.6 5.4 1.06 U Data relate to la te st tr ip s ending prior to June 1957. 2/ Includes other paym ents, such a s 'fo r penalty ca rg o e s, no linen, e t c . , in addition to th ose saown sep arately. sid ered as part of the base pay. 3/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to th ose shown sep arately. 4/ L e ss than 1/ 2 cent. NOTE: Where e n tries w ere om itted, data w ere eitner not app licable or not computed. &/) .01 .01 - •24 .68 1.45 .1 . . .5 - .16 - 6.5 6.4 1.2 16.6 11.7 14.8 1.07 1.21 3.73 1.08 .87 .80 3.54 1.08 — .5 7.4 ” .16 $0.11 .19 .10 .13 .09 .21 .21 .04 .22 .d .07 .10 " 39.8 48.4 16.7 31.0 18.2 69.4 71.7 6.6 71.6 3.9 49*3 43.3 _ $0.27 .39 .60 .42 .50 .30 .30 •61 .30 .14 .14 .24 “ $0.10 .21 .19 .20 .20 .13 ~ 11.2 22.6 20.5 22.4 23.2 13.8 “ $0.92 .93 *95 .89 .88 .93 D oes not include nonwatch pay, uniform or tool a llow an ces, which w ere con TABLE A—13. SUPPLEMENTARY EARNINGS — WEST COAST PORTS (A verage daily supplem entary earn ings of seam en manning seagoing ships in the United States M aritim e Industry by type of paym ent, May 1957 1/) Total supplementary pay Rating Total rating Number All seemen (except masters and cadets) ..... Division of work War-risk bonus Seamen receiving Average Percent Average 80.19 22.7, *0.84 *0,u All licensed seamen ........................ 3,096 $0.20 14.3 $1.43 $0.17 12.0 $1.41 Deck department 2 / ...................... Chief mates ......................... Second mates.......... ..... .... . Third mates .......................... Fourth mates...................... . Radio officers ...................... Chief pursers, passenger ................ Pursers, dry-cargo and tanker............ Assistant pursers, passenger ............. 1,545 270 273 278 213 295 20 131 24 .17 .22 .17 .16 .19 .19 .30 - 13.3 13.3 12.1 11.9 16.9 14.6 25.0 13.7 - 1.31 1.65 1.43 1.34 1.13 1.33 1.19 .75 - .15 .19 .16 .15 .18 .14 .08 - 10.7 11.1 11.0 10.8 14.1 10.2 11.5 - 1.36 1.70 1.47 1.37 1.26 1.34 .70 - Engine department ..................... Chief engineers...................... First assistant engineers............... Second assistant engineers .............. Third assistant engineers ............... Junior third assistant engineers........ .. Licensed junior engineers ............... 1,551 270 270 282 297 337 95 .23 .36 .24 .17 .19 .22 .23 15.2 14.8 13.3 11.7 16.2 21.7 6.3 1.54 2.46 1.81 1.43 1.15 1.03 3.60 .19 .27 .19 .16 .17 .21 .15 13.4 11.1 11.1 10.6 15.2 20.8 3.2 1.45 2.39 1.68 1.47 1.14 1.01 4.73 All unlicensed seaman ....................... 11,109 .19 25.1 .74 .10 10.1 .95 Deck department 2 / ...................... Bosuns ............................. Carpenters .......................... Deok maintenance.................. . Able-bodied seamen.................... Ordinary seamen....... ............... 3,627 275 186 596 1,703 718 .13 .14 .19 .17 .13 .11 14.8 12.C 16.7 18.1 14.7 14.5 .90 1.18 1.12 .96 .89 .79 .12 .13 .17 .17 .11 .11 11.4 10.9 15.1 16.8 10.0 12.1 1.05 1.21 1.15 1.01 1.12 .87 Engine department % / ........... ......... Unlicensed junior engineers ...... ..... . Electricians.............. .......... Second electricians ................... Engine maintenance.................... Oilers ............................. Firemen, water tenders................. Wipers ............................. 3,139 44 213 222 54 811 805 684 .14 .22 •28 .27 .13 .12 .12 19.8 16.0 22.1 61.1 21.5 17.4 14.8 .72 1.36 1.28 .10 .18 .16 .06 .09 .10 •11 11.8 13.1 12.6 22.2 11.1 11.2 12.9 .37 1.34 1.25 .28 .85 .86 .84 Stewards department £/ ................... Chief stewards, passenger ...... ......... Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker....... Second stewards, passenger .............. Chefs, passenger.............. ....... Cooks, passenger.................... . Cooke, dry-cargo and tanker ............. Cooke and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker ..... Assistant oooks, passenger .............. Assistant oooks, dry-cargo and tanker ...... Stewards, passenger ................... Waiters, passenger .................... Naeemen, all ships .................... Bellboys, paesenger....... ............ 4,343 12 254 17 30 .26 .50 .52 .27 .09 •42 .52 .04 .33 .04 .16 .28 .36 37.6 41.7 46.1 43.3 14.7 57.0 61.2 .70 1.20 1.13 .62 .59 .73 .85 .38 .71 .47 .29 .74 .90 .07 .16 .13 7.8 11.8 11.3 11.0 14.5 .93 1.33 1/ 2/ sid ered 3/ ¥/ 116 265 219 63 297 344 356 1,816 a .10 11.1 46.5 8*4 56.7 38.4 39.3 .4 4 .60 .67 .78 Passenger pay .1 2 .14 - .09 ” _10.5__ .61.07 - 11.5 • - 1.19 1.13 .98 - .80 • Data relate to la te s t tr ip s ending p rior to June 1957. Includes other paym en ts, such a s for penalty cargoes,, no linen, e t c ., in addition to those shown sep arately. a s part of the b a se pay. Includes data for other ratings in addition to th o se shown sep arately. L e s s than V2 cent. NOTE: Where entries are omitted, data were either not applicable or not computed. Extra meals Average Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving Average Seamen receiving all all all all seaman Percent Average seaman Percent Average seamen Percent Average seamen Percent Average $0.05 6.1 $0.79 (4/) - 1.0 .3 1.6 - .45 .05 .48 - .8 1.8 .6 .7 .26 .29 .28 .14 14.2 12.6 43.3 14.7 21.9 26.0 .83 1.88 {&/) .01 W) .01 (A/) &) .12 .24 .27 .09 .16 .28 .04 .12 .04 .03 .11 .35 11.1 17.8 7.8 5.9 13.9 34.4 - .62 .59 .71 1.09 .38 .69 .50 .50 .82 1.01 $0.03 .01 - .03 .04 .03 (4/) .13 .0 2 .01 14.8 5.5 - 18.9 22.4 17.5 .6 56.2 13.8 14.8 $0.20 .18 - .18 •18 .18 .01 .24 .17 .04 $0.04 .11 .08 .08 .04 - .04 “ 6.6 23.6 23.0 22.4 5.4 . . 5.6 * ♦0.54 _ .45 _ .35 .36 .73 . .76 - Doe s not include nonwatch. pay, uniform or tool allow an ces, wnich w ere con- TABLE A-14. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — ON PORT PAYROLLS (A verage daily earn ings of seam en manning seagoing ships in tne United States M aritim e Industry w hile on port p ayrolls, a ll ports and by coast, May 1957 2 / ) Vest Coast ports Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports All ports Rating 1/ Average daily premium ij Number of seamen Average daily earnings 2 / Hours Average dally premium jj Earnings Average daily earnings 2/ Hours Earnings 2.5 $5.68 2.562 $22.56 Number of seamen Hours Earnings $28.62 2.2 $7.27 27.92 39.12 26.29 23.93 23.38 24.68 2.5 3.7 2.9 2.4 2.2 1.5 1.9 8.01 12.58 9.20 7.31 6.95 4.77 6.22 345 49 55 55 66 93 24 29.26 42.17 37.50 29.91 25.46 22.32 21.12 2.0 1.1 3.3 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.2 6.60 4.66 11.21 8.24 6.48 4.78 3.31 1,903 20.47 2.3 7.02 729 52 55 143 320 159 22.40 25.87 23.14 23.22* 23.30 18.44 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.1 8.28 9.36 8.10 9.09 8.53 6.67 $20.22 2.6 $6.04 7.435 tl9.il 2,454 $28.92 2.3 $7.62 1,795 $29.03 2.4 $7.74 659 Deck department *>/.... ........................ . Chief mates ................................. Second mates ............................ . Third m a t e s ................................. Fourth mates ........................ ........ Radio officers .................... .......... Pursers, dry-cargo and t a n k e r ............... 1,209 213 210 209 207 231 114 27.98 39.12 28.48 25.49 24.17 24.66 24.28 2.6 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.0 8.47 12.35 9.24 7.62 7.48 6.32 6.42 895 158 155 154 152 176 75 28.00 39.13 28.22 25.20 24.25 25.06 24.07 2.7 3.8 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.1 8.64 12.95 9.26 7.55 7.67 6.31 6.52 314 55 55 55 55 55 39 Engine department *>/.... ............. ....... Chief engineers .............................. First assistant engineers ................... . Second assistant engineers .................. Third assistant engineers................ . Junior third assistant engineers ............. Licensed junior engineers ................... 1,245 207 213 213 262 257 90 29.84 38.93 39.51 29.28 25.16 22.52 22.21 2.1 .3 3.3 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.4 6.79 1.42 13.28 9.01 6.13 5.35 4.53 900 153 158 158 196 164 66 30.06 37.93 40.21 29.07 25.06 22.63 22.61 2.1 .1 4.0 2.9 1.9 1.5 6.86 .42 14.00 9.29 6.01 5.67 4.79 7,543 17.39 2.7 5.53 5,640 16.35 2.6 5.03 6.45 6.46 6.90 6.75 6.30 5.40 2,034 165 90 324 986 457 17.19 21.15 20.04 18.34 17.54 13.66 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.0 5.79 5.55 6.17 5.71 6.22 4.96 %/ tj tr.o8__ 9.997 1.8 earnings j/ Average daily premium 2.7 All seamen (except masters and cadets)............. All licensed s e a n e n .......... ..................... All unlicensed s e a m e n ........................... . Average dally Number of seamen 29.20 Deck department ...................... ........ B o s u n s ............... .............. ....... Carpenters..... ................ ............. Deck maintenance ............................ Able-bodied s e a m e n ..................... . Ordinary s e a m e n .................. ........... 2,763 217 145 467 1,306 616 18.56 22.28 21.21 19.84 18.95 14.89 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.1 Engine department £/ ............................ Unlicensed junior engineers .................. Electricians ................................ . Second electricians ......................... Engine maintenance .......................... . O i l e r s ...... ................................ Firemen, vater tenders ...................... Vipers ....................................... 2,405 57 210 135 100 637 623 579 17.14 14.34 23.84 23.33 14.56 17.53 18.55 11.79 2.2 .2 2.5 2.9 .6 2.9 3.4 .6 4.35 .47 5.93 7.05 1.32 6.19 7.20 1.10 1,799 55 158 86 85 480 478 430 16.36 14.73 21.88 20.54 14.25 16.79 13.19 11.58 2.1 .2 1.9 2.1 .6 2.7 3.4 .7 4.24 .36 3.96 4.40 1.17 5.56 6.98 1.04 606 2 52 49 15 157 150 149 19.44 13.00 29.78 28.22 16.27 19.79 19.69 12.40 2.7 1.3 4.3 4.2 .9 3.4 3.3 .6 6.68 3.51 11.92 11.69 2.15 8.13 7.90 1.28 Stewards department £ / ......... ................ Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker ........ Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker .................. Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and t a n k e r ...... Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tinker ....... Messmsn, all shins ........................ . 2,375 197 207 195 205 1,304 16.28 23.01 20.31 19.62 18.48 14.05. 2.7 3.3 2.3 2.6 2.3 2.7 5.15 7.38 6.32 5.93 6.40 4.59 1,807 145 152 ' 145 145 961 15.40 22.25 19.16 13.34 17.13 13.14 2.7 3.5 2.9 2.3 2.9 2.3 4.96 7.35 6.08 5.30 5.37 4.48 568 52 55 50 60 343 19.08 25.12 23.48 21.89 21.74 16.60 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.8 2.4 5.76 7.44 6.99 6.30 7.69 4.90 1 / Includes data for seam en w hile on sep arate port pa y ro lls or coast p ayrolls which preced ed sea p a y r o lls. If no separate port payroll w as prepared, the tim e in port w as not included in th is tabulation. 2 / Data rela te to la te s t tr ip s ending prior to June 1957. 3/ Includes a ll w age paym ents and a llo w a n ces, such a s pay in lieu of o v ertim e, tool and uniform allo w a n ces, pay for serving extra m ea ls, p assen ger a llow an ces, paym ents for d ivision of worlc, and w a r -r isk bonuses in addition to p rem ium s shown sep a ra tely . D oes not include any value for board and lodging or gratu ities. 4/ T otal of ov ertim e and penalty tim e. 5/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown sep arately. TABLE A-15. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — BY SUBSIDIZED STATUS, ALL PORTS (Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing dry-cargo ships in the United States Maritime Industry by subsidized status, May 1957 U ) Subsidized Rating All seamen (except masters and cadets) ...... Nonsubsidized Average daily premium y Average daily premium y Average daily earnings 2/ Hours 13.017 $20.38 2.6 *5.92 _ 19.831 *20.56 2.3 *6.3A 2.7 $7.90 4,638 $29.66 2.3 $8.14 Number of Earnings Number of seamen Average daily earnings 2/ Hours Earnings 3,293 $29.40 Deck department ( J ...... ............. Chief mates....................... Second mates ............ .......... Third mates ........... ........... Fourth mates..................... . Radio officers ..................... Pursers .......................... 1,584 282 282 286 269 282 178 29.09 36.76 30.10 27.92 26.75 27.69 23.22 3.1 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2 1.6 9.27 10.28 10.24 9.48 9.74 9.46 4.99 2,304 476 476 476 291 476 94 28.57 34.77 28.45 27.10 25.47 26.90 22.71 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 1.2 8.89 10.20 8.88 8.89 8.60 8.75 3.69 Engine department j j ..... ............. Chief engineers .................... First assistant engineers ............ Second assistant engineers.... ...... Third assistant engineers ........... Junior third assistant engineers...... Licensed junior engineers........... 1,709 282 282 282 358 360 145 29.68 40.31 34.46 28.85 26.05 25.02 21.86 2.2 .7 2.4 3.0 2.5 2.9 1.6 6.63 2.77 7.99 8.54 6.39 7.76 4.34 2,334 476 472 474 476 350 30.73 38.00 34.71 28.46 26.85 24.31 25.96 2.5 •4 3.3 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.7 7.38 1.43 10.20 8.65 8.86 7.71 7.97 All unlicensed seaman....... ............ 9,724 17.32 2.5 5.24 15,193 17.78 2.8 5.79 Deck department t j .................... Bosuns ........................... Carpenters.......... .............. Deck maintenance ................... Able-bodied seamen................. Ordinary seamen.................... 3,550 282 167 594 1,681 826 18.07 21.34 21.06 18.72 14.52 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.3 3.0 2.8 5.98 5.74 6.58 5.48 6.56 5.11 5,762 473 196 805 2,851 1,336 19.02 22.53 21.66 18.87 19.30 14.78 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.5 3.5 3.1 6.92 7.29 6.98 5.74 7.56 5.32 Engine department y .................. Unlicensed junior engineers.......... Electricians ...................... Second electricians... ........... Engine maintenance................. Oilers ........................... Firemen, water tenders.............. Wipers........................... 3,208 112 279 196 94 848 832 745 17.17 15.79 23.32 22.37 14.36 17.56 17.84 12.24 2.3 .6 2.3 2.3 .5 2.9 3.2 .9 4.77 1.36 5.40 5.75 1.19 6.13 6.48 1.52 4,966 121 317 231 67 1,431 1,398 1,126 17.36 17.07 24.92 23.56 19.10 17.29 17.62 13.04 2.5 1.1 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.8 3.0 1.3 5.11 2.43 6.88 6.91 5.48 5.80 6.16 2.22 Stewards department y ................ Chief stewards ..................... Cooks ............................ Cooks and bakers ................... Assistant cooks .................... Messmen.................. ....... . 2,966 275 278 268 288 1,825 16.60 23.46 20.84 20.03 18.79 14.11 2.6 3.2 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5 4.86 7.02 5.82 5.73 5.86 4.15 4,465 473 471 443 480 2,582 16.65 22.55 20.28 19.79 18.18 14.09 2.7 3.1 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 5.09 6.82 5.95 6.02 5.83 4.32 All licensed seamen ...................... 18.76 a 1/ Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. 27 Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as pay in lieu of overtime, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra meals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and war-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3/ Total of overtime and penalty time. ? / Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. Cn TABLE A-16. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — BY SUBSIDIZED STATUS, ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST PORTS (Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing dry-cargo ships in the United States Maritime Industry by subsidized status, May 1957 _!/) Nonsubsidized Subsidized Rating Number of seamen Average dally earnings 2/ Average dally premium 2/ Hours Earnings Number of seamen Average daily premium 2/ Average daily earnings 2J Hours Earnings All seamen (except masters and cadets) ...... 9.342 *19.66 2.6 #5.65 02.665 *19.91 2.9 .*6.17 All licensed seamen............... •.... . 2,363 *29.06 2.6 #7.63 2,902 #29.67 2.8 #8.18 Deck department tj .................. . Chief mates ............... ....... Second mates..................... Third mates ........................ Fourth mates... ................... Radio officers .................... Pursers .......................... . 1,144 207 207 211 201 207 106 28.73 36.30 29.79 27.43 26*19 27.37 22.28 3.0 2.9 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.1 1.5 9.05 9.34 10.07 9.08 9.52 9.22 4.54 1,4?9 309 309 309 168 309 35 28.44 34.27 28.31 26.39 25.10 26.76 22.47 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.0 .6 8.77 10.06 8.82 8.69 8.23 3.57 1.96 department Lj .................. Chief engineers .................... First assistant engineers ........... Second assistant engineers ........... Third assistant engineers..... . Junior third assistant engineers.... .. Licensed junior engineers .......... .. 1,219 207 207 207 262 220 116 29.37 39.35 34.06 28.51 25.61 24.34 21.84 2.1 .5 2.3 3.0 2.3 2.9 1.6 6.29 1.90 7.64 8.63 6.43 7.75 4.51 1,463 309 305 307 309 162 26 30.89 37.53 34.93 28.51 26.97 24.63 23.87 2.6 .3 3.5 3.2 3.2 3.0 2.1 7.60 1.09 10.86 9.10 9.08 8.09 6.35 6,979 16.48 2.6 4.98 9,763 17.01 2.9 5.57 5.53 4.82 5.50 4.03 6.36 5.01 3,657 312 104 480 1,832 925 17.91 21.61 21.06 17.87 18.77 14.60 3.4 3.1 3.4 2.5 3.5 3.5 6.61 6.71 6.97 5.30 7.38 5.70 Engine All unlicensed seamen........... . Deck department l j ............ ....... Bosuns.... .................... Carpenters ........................ Deck maintenance ................... Able-bodied seamen ................. Ordinary seamen .................... 2,544 207 92 381 1,249 615 16.79 20.00 19.29 16.80 17.64 13.60 2.8 2.3 2.6 2.0 3.1 2.9 Engine department l j .................. Uniiconsed junior engineers....... Electricians.......... ....... ..... Second electricians ................ Engine maintenance ................. Oilers ........................... Firemen, water tenders....... ...... Wipers................ .......... 2,313 109 207 127 79 625 626 540 16.31 15.57 21.53 19.98 14.02 17.02 17.49 11.75 2.1 .6 1.7 1.7 •4 2.8 3.2 .8 4.12 1.24 3.65 3.40 .89 5.72 6.26 1.22 3,207 101 186 123 57 934 930 720 16.71 17.25 23.50 21.77 19.46 16.69 17.26 12.74 2.3 1.2 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.9 1.3 4*63 2.55 5.40 5.24 5.91 5.33 5.90 2.11 Stewards department l j ................ Chief stewards ................. . Cooks ............................ Cooks and bakers ................... Assistant cooks .................... Messmen............. ............. 2,122 203 203 203 203 1,286 16.30 23.52 20.40 19.72 13.54 13.66 3.0 3.6 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 5.25 7.61 6.10 5.97 6.14 4.55 2,899 309 307 296 301 1,673 16.22 22.05 19.93 19.48 17.78 13.63 2.9 3.3 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 5.29 7.06 6.21 6.08 6.02 4.53 JV Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. 2/ Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as pay in lieu of overtime, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra meals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and w ar-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3/ Total of overtime and penalty time. \ l Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE A—17. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — BY SUBSIDIZED STATUS, WEST COAST PORTS (Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing dry-cargo ships in the United States Maritime Industry by subsidized status, May 1957 !_/) Subsidized Rating All seamen (except masters and cadets)....... Number of seamen Average daily earnings 2/ ?f67? Nonsubsidized Average daily premium Hours Earnings Number of seamen 2.6 §6.59 7,166 Average daily earningsg/\ _ Average daily premium 2/ Hours Earnings 2.8 §6.63 2.9 §8.60 1,736 $29.64 2.8 §8.05 75 75 75 68 75 72 30.03 38.00 30.95 29.31 28.41 28.56 24.61 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.3 1.8 9.86 11.51 10.70 10.63 10.41 10.12 5.66 865 167 167 167 123 167 59 28.80 35.70 28.71 27.48 25.97 27.15 22.85 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 1.6 9.09 10.46 9.00 9.27 9.12 9.08 4.72 Engine department jj ............ ...... Chief engineers................ . First assistant engineers ........... Second assistant engineers........ . Third assistant engineers ........... Junior third assistant engineers ...... 490 75 75 75 96 140 30.44 42.95 35.54 29.80 27.25 25.30 2.5 1.3 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 7.46 5.22 8.96 8.29 8.12 7.77 871 167 167 167 167 188 30.47 38.85 34.31 28.37 26.64 24.96 2.4 .5 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.7 7.01 2.05 9.00 7.81 8.44 7.38 All unlicensed seamen ..... ............... 2,745 19.47 2.5 5.90 5,430 19.16 2.£ 6.18 1,006 75 75 213 432 • 211 21.30 25.02 23.23 22.27 21.83 17.20 2.7 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.6 7.10 8.29 7.90 8.05 7.10 5.43 2,105 161 92 325 1,019 411 20.95 24.31 22.32 20.35 21.66 15.19 3.1 3.4 2.6 2.5 3.3 2.4 7.44 8.43 6.99 6*4^ 7.88 4.46 895 72 69 15 223 206 205 19.39 28.48 26.77 16.19 19.06 18.92 13.53 2.8 3.8 3.7 1.2 3.4 3.4 1.1 6.44 10.45 10.10 2.81 7.28 7.17 2.33 1,759 131 108 10 497 468 406 18.55 26.93 25.60 17.05 18.43 18.35 13.55 2.7 3.5 3.4 1.5 3.2 3.2 1.2 5.96 8.99 8.81 3.04 6.70 6.67 2.40 844 72 75 65 17.37 23.31 22.02 21.01 19.38 15.17 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 3.91 5.34 5.07 4.98 5.19 3.21 1,566 164 164 147 179 909 17.44 23.49 20.93 20.42 18.85 14.94 2.3 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.1 4*73 6.38 5*46 5.88 All licensed seamen .................. ..... 930 Deck department jj ................... Chief mates ....................... Second mates ....................... Third mates....................... Fourth mates ....................... Radio officers ...... .............. Pursers....... ................... m Deck department i j ................... Bosuns ............................ Carpenters ........................ Deck maintenance................. .. Able-bodied seamen................ . Ordinary seamen.................... Engine department U ................ . Electricians .... ...... .......... Second electricians .............. . Engine maintenance ................ Oilers... .................... . Firemen, water tenders .............. Wipers ........................... Stewards department t j ............... . Chief stewards................. .. C o o k s .................................................... Cooks and bakers............... . Assistant cooks ............. ..... . Messmen.......................... 85 539 $30.25 5.51 3.93 J7 Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. 2/ Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as pay in lieu of overtime, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra meals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and w ar-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3/ Total of overtime and penalty time. ¥/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. cn TABLE A-18. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — BY SUBSIDIZED STATUS— C -2 AND C-3 (Average daily earnings of seamen manning C-2 and C-3 types of dry-cargo ships in the United States Maritime Industry, all ports, May 1957 1/) Subsidized Rating All seamen (except masters and cadets) Number of seamen Average daily earnings 2/ Nonsubsidized Average daily premiums 2/ Hours Earnings Number of seamen Average daily •arnings 2/ Average dafJbr premiums £/ Hours Earnings 10.011 *20.21 2.6 *5.86 6.681 $20.40 2.8 $6.13 2,557 $29.17 2.6 $7.74 1,562 $29.00 2.6 $7.50 Deck department l j ........... ...... .. Chief mates..... .................. Second mates ...................... Third mates....................... Fourth nates ................... . Radio officers .................... Pursers ............. ............. 1,223 218 218 222 208 218 134 28.99 36.73 29.98 27.66 26.55 27.68 23.24 3.1 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2 1.7 9.23 10.26 10.16 9.28 9.61 9.47 5.18 773 148 148 148 148 148 33 28.01 34.08 28.45 26.27 25.34 27.28 21.88 2.8 2.4 3.1 2.9 3.1 3.1 1.1 7.90 8.69 8.00 8.58 9.18 3.47 Engine department f j .................. Chief engineers.................... First assistant engineers ...»........ Second assistant engineers ....... .. Third assistant engineers......... . Junior third assistant engineers ...... Licensed junior engineers........... 1,334 218 218 218 278 260 142 29.34 40.25 34.25 28.54 25.70 24.74 21.80 2.2 .8 2.4 2.9 2.4 2.9 1.5 6.38 2.81 7.73 8.29 6.51 7.63 4.30 789 148 144 146 148 174 29 29.96 38.35 34.93 28.03 25.38 24.91 26.00 2.3 .5 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.9 2.4 6.76 1.76 8.99 8.02 7.13 7.73 7.23 7,454 17.13 2.5 5.22 5,119 17.78 2.8 5.72 Deck department ( J ................. . Bosuns ........................... Carpenters ........................ Deck maintenance ................... Able-bodied seamen................ . Ordinary seamen.................... 2,754 218 134 454 1,305 643 17.76 20.99 20.47 18.33 18.46 14.27 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.2 3.0 2.8 5.87 5.70 6.30 5.16 6.49 5.08 1,920 151 77 367 881 435 18.68 22.41 21.59 19.40 19.31 14.97 3.1 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.2 3.2 6,61 7.41 7.03 6.42 7.08 5.49 Engine department i j ... ............ . Unlicensed junior engineers......... . ELectrioians ...................... Second electricians............ . Engine maintenance..... ........ . Oilers.................... ...... Firemen, water tenders .............. Wipers .................... ...... 2,433 74 218 147 73 652 640 578 16.98 15.90 22.83 22.05 14.45 17.39 17.81 12.13 2.2 .7 2.1 2.2 .6 2.9 3.2 .9 4.65 1.43 4.96 5.a 1.32 6.00 6.49 1.46 1,688 24 148 117 21 444 440 392 17.92 16.96 25.31 24.42 19.42 17.20 18.04 13.00 2.6 .9 3.2 3.3 2.7 2.8 3.2 1.3 5.39 2.16 7.38 7.77 5.68 5.76 6.62 2.18 Stewards department l j ...... .......... Chief stewards ........... ........ . Cooks ........................... . Cooks and bakers........ ......... . Assistant cooks.... ............... Messmen ....................... . 2,267 211 214 207 214 1,392 16.54 23.52 20.77 20.03 18.73 14.01 2.7 3.4 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.6 5.01 7.26 5.96 5.88 6.08 4.28 1,511 148 146 148 148 921 16.48 22.25 20.29 19.77 18.25 14.14 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 4.93 6.66 5.91 5.35 5.80 4.22 All licensed seamen................... . All unlicensed seamen .................... 8.26 \ J Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. 2 / Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as pay in lieu of overtime, tool and uniform allowanced, pay for serving extra meals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and war-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3 / Total of overtime and penalty time. 4 / Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE A-19. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — BY TYPE OF SHIP (Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing ships in the United States Maritime Industry by type of ship, May 1957 Dry-cargo ships Passenger ships Rating Number of seamen Average dally premium 2/ Average daily earnings 2/ Hours if) Tankers Average daily premium 2/ Earnings Number of seamsn Average daily earnings 2/ Hours Earnings Number of seamsn Average daily earnings 2/ Average daily premium £/ Hours Earnings All seamen (except Masters and cadets).......... 8.779 ... *18.53 3.0 *5.92 32.848 *20.49 2.7 *6.17 2.899 *21.57 _ 3.5 All licensed seamen ........................ 985 #29.10 3.0 #8.58 7,931 #29.55 2.7 #8.03 663 #33.47 3.3 #9.68 Deck department i j ...................... Chief nates......................... Second mates ........................ Third mates ...................... . Fourth mates ........................ Radio officers ......... ............. . Chief pursers, passenger ................ Pursers, toy-cargo and tanker............ Assistant parsers, passenger ............. 586 39 52 59 46 140 83 104 28.81 37.61 31.62 29.00 26.50 28.07 30.39 26.03 3.1 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.4 2.9 2.7 3.5 9.36 10.53 10.62 9.86 9.42 8.19 8.62 11.17 3,888 758 758 762 560 758 272 “ 28,78 35.51 29.06 27.41 26.08 27.19 23.04 - 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.1 _ 1.5 - 9.05 10.23 9.38 9.12 9.15 9.01 4.54 - 322 79 79 76 12 76 - 32.54 39.43 31.70 29.11 26.94 30.57 - 3.8 4.8 3.4 3.4 3.0 4.0 - 11.11 13.97 9.80 9.61 8.81 11.35 - Engine department jj ................ ..... . Chief engineers ..................... . First assistant engineers............... Second assistant engineers.......... . Third assistant engineers ............... Junior third assistant engineers.......... Licensed junior engineers.............. 399 46 45 77 74 33 119 29.33 a.72 36.28 32.00 28.01 26.08 23.61 2.7 .6 2.7 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.7 7.51 2.21 8.40 9.99 8.28 7.69 7.10 4,043 758 754 756 834 710 186 30.29 38.86 34.61 28.61 26.51 24.92 22.77 2.4 .5 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 1.8 7.06 1.93 9.38 8.61 8.01 7.73 5.15 341 79 76 76 78 32 - 34.35 40.51 38.96 31.70 29.25 26.97 - 2.8 .3 4.3 3.6 3.2 2.8 - 8.32 1.27 12.53 10.55 9.27 8.18 - . *7.54 ... 7,794 17.20 3.0 5.58 24,917 17.60 2.7 5.58 2,236 18.43 3.5 6.91 Deck department y ........................ Bosuns ... .......................... Carpenters..... ..................... Deck maintenance...... ............... Able-bodied seamen ......... ........... Ordinary seamsn...................... 1,111 76 66 146 529 172 19.02 24.82 22.05 19.76 19.12 14.92 2.9 3.4 3.1 3.1 2.9 3.0 6.38 8.05 7.17 6.96 • 6.51 5.14 9,312 755 363 1,399 4,532 2,162 18.66 22.08 21.38 18.82 19.40 14.68 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.3 3.0 6.56 6.71 6.80 5.63 7.19 5.24 853 71 • 111 388 208 20.19 23.50 19.69 21.38 16.38 4.4 3.9 3.6 4.6 4.5 8.77 8.39 7.55 9.63 7.42 Engine department £/ ............. ........ Unlicensed junior engineers..... ........ Electricians....................... . Second electricians........... ....... . Engine maintenance.... ............... Oilers ............ ................ Firemen, water tenders ............. .... Wipers ............................. 1,054 60 62 83 64 198 273 157 17.44 17.80 24.97 22.74 16.22 16.72 16.45 12.81 2.2 1.6 2.9 2.6 1.7 2.6 2.4 1.3 4.56 3.40 6.46 6.27 3.44 5.28 4.89 2*01 8,174 233 596 427 161 2,279 2,230 1,871 17.29 16.46 24.17 23.01 16.33 17.39 17.70 12.72 2.4 .9 2.6 2.7 1.4 2.3 3.1 1.1 4.97 1.92 6.20 6.372.98 5.93 6.28 1.94 789 15 3 • 5 225 210 190 17.81 21.04 19.34 19.83 18.02 17.70 13.22 2.9 4.0 .8 3.2 3.2 3.1 1.6 5.79 8.28 1.69 6.46 6.64 6.33 2.75 Stewards department y .................... Chief stewards, passenger............... Chief stewards, dry-cargo and tanker ....... Second stewards, passenger .............. Chefs, passenger............. ........ Cooks, passenger............. ........ Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker....... ...... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker..... Assistant cooks, passenger ............. . Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ...... Stewards, passenger .................... Waiters, passenger .................... Msssmen, all ships.................... Bellboys, passenger........ ........... 5,629 50 65 72 358 246 1,108 1,103 1,022 208 16.79 32.04 26.19 31.54 24.39 21.79 14.78 15.51 14.25 14.04 3.1 4.6 4.7 4.6 3.8 3.8 2.9 3.3 2.6 3.1 5.61 9.85 10.18 10.38 8.39 7,431 748 749 711 768 16.63 22.88 20.48 19.88 18.41 2.6 3.1 - 5.00 6.89 5.90 5.91 -’ 5.84 594 73 16.71 23.68 - 3.2 3.6 - 5.73 7.83 - All unlicensed seamen ...................... _ _ 8.10 4.77 5.50 4.38 5.06 .. - 4,407 * - 2.7 2.7 2.7 - - - 70 42 • 46 20.95 19.69 18.49 3.2 3.1 3.1 - 6.85 6.48 6.26 - - - - - . - - - - - - - - 14.10 - 2.5 * 13.81 3.0 - 4.24. 346 • 4.88 -' „ 1/ Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. Data on tankers exclude those operated by oil companies. Z j Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as pay in lieu of overtime, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra meals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and war-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3/ Total of overtime and penalty time. 4/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE A-20. ON AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — DRY-CARGO SHIPS, BY COAST (Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing dry-cargo ships in the United States Maritime Industry by coast of departure, May 1957 l / ) Atlantic and Gulf Coasts Rating Number of seamen Average daily earnings 2/ Hours 22.007 119.81 ’ licensed seamen........ ............. 5,265 $29.40 De -k department { J ................... . Chief mates.... ................. . Second mates ...................... Third mates....................... Fourth mates ...................... Radio officers .................... Pursers .......................... 2,583 516 516 520 369 516 HI 28.57 35.09 28.90 27.11 25.69 27.01 22.32 Engine department 4/ ... ........ ...... Chief engineers .................... First assistant engineers ............ Second assistant engineers ........... Third assistant engineers ........... Junior third assistant engineers ...... Licensed junior engineers.... ....... 2,682 30.20 38.26 Ml seamen (except masters and cadets) ...... All unlicensed seamen.................. . Deck department ij ..................... Bosuns ........................... Carpenters ........................ Deck maintenance ................... Able-bodied seamen ................. Ordinary seamen....... ............ Engine department A/ .................. Unlicensed junior engineers .......... Electricians........... ..... •••••• Second electricians ................ Engine maintenance.......... . Oilers ................... ...... . Firemen, water tenders....... . Wipers .......... ................. Stewards department ij ................. Chief stewards ......... . Cooks..... ......... .............. Cooks and bakers......... ...... .. Assistant cooks........... ........ Messmen ............... ........... 516 512 5H 571 West Coast Average daily premium '$J Average daily premium 2/ Earnings Number of seamen Average daily earnings 2/ 2.7 $5.94 10.841 $21.87 2.7 $6.62 2.7 $7.93 2,666 $29.85 2.8 $3.24 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 1.3 8.89 9.97 9.32 8.85 8.93 8.83 3.90 1,305 242 242 242 191 242 131 29.21 36.a 29.4L 28.04 26.84 27.59 23.82 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.1 1.7 9.35 10.79 9.52 9.69 9.58 9.40 5.23 2.4 3.7 3.0 3.1 7.00 1.41 9.56 8.91 7.87 7.89 4.85 1,361 30.46 2.4 242 242 40.12 .8 34.69 28.81 2.9 7.17 3.03 3.99 7.96 8.32 7.54; Hours Earnings 382 34.58 28.51 26.35 24.75 142 22.21 2.9 1.7 16,742 16.79 2 .8 5.32 8,175 19.27 2.6 6.09 6,201 17.45 20.97 20.23 17.40 18.31 U .20 3.1 6.16 3,111 21.06 2 .8 5.95 6.28 4.73 6.97 5.42 236 167 538 1,451 24.54 22.73 3.0 3.2 2.7 2.7 3.1 2.4 7.33 8.38 7.40 4.42 1.87 4.48 4.30 2.99 5.48 6.04 1.73 2,654 23 203 177 25 720 674 611 18.84 17.19 27.48 26.05 16.54 18.63 5.27 7.28 6.17 6.04 6.07 4.54 2,410 519 196 861 3,081 1,540 5,520 210 2 .8 3.0 2.2 3.4 3.3 16.54 16.37 2 .2 .9 22.46 20.86 2 .1 2.0 1.4 2.7 3.0 1,260 16.30 16.82 17.35 12.32 5,021 512 16.25 22.63 2.9 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.9 393 250 136 1,559 1,556 510 499 504 2,959 20.11 19.58 18.08 13.64 1 .1 2 .8 ’ 242 263 328 44 622 236 239 212 264 1,448 2 .8 26.86 3.0 25.11 24.57 2 .8 2.1 6.11 21.11 21.71 15.87 7.06 7.65 4.79 2.7 6.13 1 .0 2.32 9.51 9.39 18.52 3.6 3.5 1.3 3.2 3.2 13.55 1.2 2.38 17.42 23.44 21.27 2 .1 4.44 2.5 6.06 2.2 5.34 20.60 19.02 2.3 5.60 2.2 5.41 15.02 1.9 3.66 2.90 6.89 6.82 l/ Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. 2 j Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as pay in lieu of overtime, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra meals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and war-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3 / Total of overtime and penalty time. 4 / Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE A-21. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — BY TYPE OF DRY-CARGO SHIP, ALL PORTS (A verage daily earnings o f seam en manning seagoin g dry-cargo ships in the United S tates M aritim e Industry by sele c te d types of dry-cargo sh ip s, May 1 957 Victory (VC-2) Rating Liberty (EC-2) C-2 \J ) Bulk earrier (dry) C-3 Average Average daily Average Average daily Average Average daily Average Average daily Average Average daily Number daily premium 2/ Number dally Number daily premium 2/ Number daily premium 2/ Number daily premium 2/ premium £/ of of of of of earn earn earn earn earn seamen ings 2/ Hours Earnings seamen ings 2/ Hours Earnings seamen ings 2/ Hours Earnings seamen ings 2/ Hours Earnings seamen ings 2/ Hours Earnings All seamen (except masters and cadets).... 5.067 *®.05._ 3t? $5.32 2.509 821.31 3.2 $7.36 10.657 $20.03 2.6 $5.83 6.035 $20.7A 2.7 #6.22 3.816 $20.0L 2.9 *6.43 All licensed seamen .................... 1,204 $29.09' 2.5 17.38 586 $30.79 3.3 $9.68 2,615 $29.24 2.6 $7.64 1,504 $28.88 2,6 $7.67 871 $30.44 3.1 $9.10 298 29.34 70 70 70 36.18 3.7 4.8 3.5 3.9 2.9 10.90 14.66 10.33 1,265 28.76 236 35.46 236 29.57 236 27.28 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.1 1.4 8.77 9.63 9.36 8.52 9.45 9.37 4.62 .9.61 12.07 3.57 9.35 20 28.96 34.63 27.78 27.69 25.35 103 2.0 3.0 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 1.7 2.8 .2 2.3 Deck department i j ................ Chief mates ................... Second mates .................. Third Mites................... Fourth mates ................... Radio officers ................. Pursers..... ................. 59$ 113 113 113 113 113 33 Engine department i j ............... Chief engineers ................ First assistant engineers ......... Second assistant engineers....... . Third assistant engineers ......... Junior third assistant engineers .... Licensed junior engineers ......... 606 113 113 113 113 14$ 28.11 34.37 2.8 26.78 25.91 27.07 2.3 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.0 21.22 1.0 30.06 38.64 33.87 28.5$ 26.30 2.2 .4 2.3 2.7 2.9 24.80 2.8 - - 3,$$3 17.24 2.2 Deck department £ / ................ Bosuns ....................... Carpenters .................... Deck maintenance ............... Able-bodied seamen.............. Ordinary seamen ................ 1,445 113 59 271 675 327 17.99 21.31 21.42 18.72 18.58 14.41 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.4 Engine department i j ...... ......... Unlicensed junior engineers ........ Electricians............. ..... Second electricians ....... ...... Engine maintenance .............. Oilers ....................... Firemen, water tenders ........... Wipers ....................... 1,315 112 113 93 339 339 316 17.21 16.33 24.26 22.73 17.60 17.68 12.47 Stewards department ij .............. Chief stewards.................. Cooks ........................ Cooks and bakers ............... Assistant cooks........ ........ MBsemen............ .......... 1,123 113 113 100 126 671 16.32 21.77 20.06 19.27 18.15 13.99 All unlicensed seamen... ......... . 28.46 8.18 7.73 8.46 3.31 3.98 8.79 3.44 - 70 11 29.21 28.61 26.49 22.54 11.12 8.90 9.13 9.68 8.91 9.03 9.34 5.03 - 226 26.06 8.48 5.70 236 27.52 90 23.45 8.42 .90 12.25 9.84 10.75 7.88 - 1,350 29.68 236 39.59 232 34.49 234 28.34 296 25.45 267 24.64 85 23.34 2.2 .6 2.8 2.2 6.23 7.52 6.04 731 130 130 134 130 130 28.35 36.01 28.96 26.80 26.02 77 27.51 22.42 773 130 130 130 130 167 29.37 39.29 34.56 28.33 25.90 25.08 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 86 21.70 1.2 6.62 2.24 8.48 8.29 7.34 7.91 3.57 288 70 70 70 70 31,78 37.18 34.13 23.68 8 - 23.82 - 4.0 3.4 3.6 3.0 - 4*69 1,923 13.42 3.2 6.66 8,042 17.03 2.6 5.24 4,531 18.05 2.7 5.18 5.66 6.25 5.14 5.50 4.21 764 67 22 42 412 186 20.41 23.92 21.41 13.01 21.32 14.96 3.8 3.8 2.8 2.4 4.0 3.1 8.35 8.59 7.06 5.18 9.10 5.56 2,999 236 123 512 1,420 699 17.58 21.03 20.30 18.07 18.26 14.17 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.4 3.1 3.0 5.84 5.92 6.13 5.11 6.48 5.00 1,675 133 88 309 766 379 19.14 22.54 21.70 20.03 19.31 15.27 2.2 .3 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.9 .3 4.60 1.69 6.28 6.05 6.04 6.06 1.53 613 - 16,67 2.5 2.1 2.8 3.0 1.5 5.23 - 8 204 206 138 18.40 17.29 17.64 13.45 4.58 5.37 6.29 2.74 2,606 48 236 153 92 708 696 623 16.98 16.47 22.98 22.49 15.56 17.20 17.66 12.33 2.3 1.1 2.3 2.5 1.1 2.9 3.2 1.0 4.70 2.24 5.09 5.74 2.31 5.81 6.35 1.68 1,515 50 130 in 2 388 384 347 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 4.14 5.23 4.87 4.96 4.80 3.59 546 70 70 65 73 268 17.60 22.78 20.81 20.34 18.24 14.57 3.0 3.3 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9 5.89 7.40 6.63 6.99 6.27 4.93 2,437 236 234 232 236 1,487 16.41 23.06 20.41 19.30 18.46 13.90 2.7 3.4 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.6 5.07 7.22 6.03 5.37 6.00 4.34 1,341 123 6.59 1.82 7.54 7.74 7.92 7.56 - 28.06 - - 2.5 2.9 2.3 6.46 2.47 8.09 8.12 126 123 126 826 .6 26.50 3.3 4.0 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.0 2 26.65 2.8 437 103 103 103 103 19 31.91 36.98 35.03 28.08 2.9 434 103 103 103 29.02 .2 4.2 3.2 3.9 3.5 4.0 8.88 8.60 9.77 8.60 .96 12.60 9.04 11.48 9.55 6 25.56 26.75 5.73 2,945 16.96 2.9 5.63 3.0 3.1 2.9 2.7 3.1 3.0 6.77 7.24 7.17 6.74 7.18 5.72 1,134 103 17 100 616 298 17.75 21.34 23.93 17.11 18.67 14.45 3.3 3.0 4.5 2.2 3.4 3.4 6.50 6.50 10.02 4.64 7.17 5.52 18.02 15.36 25.37 23.94 15.29 17.53 13.34 12,74 2.5 .5 3.0 3.0 . .7 2.9 3.3 1.1 5.40 1.00 7.49 7.44 1.56 6.05 6.89 1.87 964 5 22 13 24 309 309 218 16.40 16.75 23.15 21.97 20.48 16.93 17.00 12.66 2.4 1.2 2.5 2.4 3.2 2.7 2.8 1.3 4.77 2.48 5.53 5.45 6.65 5.61 5.69 2.06 16.72 22.39 20.88 20.15 18.67 14.36 2.6 2.9 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.5 4.81 6.61 5.77 5.88 5.89 4.09 847 103 103 88 97 456 16.55 22.77 19.63 19.56 17.75 13.62 2.9 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 5.46 7.41 6.05 6.13 6.16 4.60 11.22 I / Data rela te to la te s t trip s ending p rior to June 1 9 5 7 . 2 / Includes all wage paym ents and a llo w a n ces, such as pay in lie u of o v e rtim e , tool and uniform allow an ces, pay for serving extra m e a ls, passen ger allow an ces, paym ents for d ivision of w ork, and w a r -r isk bonuses in addition to prem ium s shown sep a ra tely . D oes not include any value for board and lodging or gratu ities. 3 / Total of o v ertim e and penalty tim e. 4 / Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown sep a ra tely . Cn <1 C/i TABLE A-22. oc AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — BY TYPE OF DRY-CARGO SHIP, ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST PORTS (Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing dry-cargo ships in the United States Maritime Industry by selected types of dry-cargo ships, May 1957 Rating 1.307 $20.07 ?r° $6.64 8.203 &9_.25_ 2t7 *5.82 3.653 $19.72 2.7 $5.79 3.207 $20.03 300 $30.37 2.6 $7.65 904 $28.64 2.5 $7.41 ?.9 2.6 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 1.2 8.48 8.71 9.34 8.42 8.99 8.69 3.76 2.408 *19.37 2 t? $5.47 All licensed seamen ............................................. 554 $29.43 2.6 $7.71 8.27 7.90 8.92 8.35 8.74 8.58 3.92 152 37 37 37 ?t° $6.46 725 $30.72 3.2 $9.33 360 88 88 88 8 88 29.16 34.78 27.89 27.80 25.05 26.55 3.4 4.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.0 9.82 12.65 8.71 9.39 8.61 8.64 3.1 $9.19 2,015 $29.10 37 4 28.90 34.92 28.24 27.46 . 26.17 18.04 3.4 4.4 3.2 3.5 2.8 .6 9.98 13.41 9.38 9.82 8.17 1.97 975 183 183 183 177 183 61 28.82 35.62 29.71 27.27 25.88 27.44 23.66 3.1 2.8 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 1.9 9.11 9.45 9.95 9.05 9.16 9.34 5.54 439 81 81 85 81 81 30 28.13 35.19 28.87 26.75 25.60 27.04 20.85 7.11 1.31 8.45 9.36 8.40 8.04 - 148 37 37 37 37 31.88 36.91 33.86 28.76 27.98 2.8 .1 4.1 3.4 3.6 8.39 .59 12.39 9.89 10.67 - - - - - 1,040 183 179 181 238 183 76 29.37 38.73 34.55 28.26 25.14 24.47 22.24 2.1 .4 2.5 2.9 2.1 2.9 1.9 6.28 1.86 8.22 8.37 5.91 7.62 5.29 465 81 81 81 81 81 60 29.22 % 38.48 33.64 28.28 25.96 24.72 21.72 2.2 .6 2.4 3.1 2.9 3.0 1.2 6.38 1.30 7.85 8.80 7.92 8.18 3.51 365 88 88 88 88 7 6 32.26 37.13 35.54 28.07 29.14 26.68 26.75 3.0 .3 4.5 3.2 3.9 3.7 4.5 8.86 1.06 13.44 9.02 11.57 9.98 12.67 2.5 4.79 1,007 17.01 3.0 5.88 6,188 16.70 2.7 5.23 2,749 16.79 2.7 5.26 2,482 16.91 2.9 5.63" 16.90 19.91 19.73 16.82 17.80 13.90 2.8 2.2 2.9 2.0 3.1 3.1 5.60 4.86 6.13 4.15 6.50 5.03 397 37 9 25 211 111 18.13 22.76 19.60 17.60 19.06 14.72 3.5 3.7 2.9 2.4 3.7 3.5 7.13 8.08 6.00 5.01 7.90 6.01 2,297 183 87 369 1,109 549 17.16 20.63 19.70 17.47 17.90 13.87 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.3 3.2 3.1 5.87 5.71 5.99 4.81 6.64 5.05 1,019 84 39 171 482 243 17.15 20.23 19.46 16.96 18.11 .13.93 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.1 3.3 3.2 5.93 5.40 5.55 4.38 6.74 5.67 962 88 17 75 520 262 17.84 21.56 23.93 17.21 18.73 14.63 3.4 H 3 *6.69 3.1 4.5 \x10.02 4.97 2.4 7.24 3.5 3.4 5.65 667 100 54 37 162 162 149 16.34 16.48 22.11 20.16 16.98 16.96 11.83 1.9 .9 2.0 1.7 2.8 2.7 326 15.75 2.2 6 109 107 76 - - 4.43 _ 4.53 4.91 5.80 1.91 2,009 45 183 105 74 549 559 476 16.57 16.42 22.09 21.33 15.38 16.89 17.49 12.11 2.2 1.1 2.0 2.2 1.0 2.7 3.2 1.0 4.45 2.21 4.24 4.63 2.16 5.62 6.27 1.60 914 48 81 665 243 243 214 2.2 .4 2.2 2.2 18.43 16.13 17.00 12.40 _ «. 2.1 2.4 2.8 1.2 16.87 15.79 22.79 21.13 .8 3.83 1.81 4.11 3.59 . 5.67 5.65 1.23 813 5 10 8 21 264 264 192 16.12 16.75 22.03 21.28 20.90 16.81 16.91 12.64 2.3 1.2 2.1 2.3 3.5 2.7 2.7 1.3 4.62 2.48 4.39 4.85 7.25 5.48 5.59 2.09 533 54 54 54 54 317 15.74 21.27 19.69 19.04 17.53 13.26 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.7 5.01 6.30 5.86 5.72 5.77 4.40 284 37 37 37 37 136 16.88 21.47 20.19 19.90 17.70 13.69 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 5.79 6.97 6.55 6.57 6.38 4.89 1,882 183 181 183 183 1,140 16.29 23.04 20.24 19.63 18.49 13.73 2.9 3.6 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.8 5.30 7.52 6.25 5.99 6.24 4.59 816 77 707 16.53 22.55 19.72 19.39 17.63 13.57 2.9 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 5.41 7.39 6.11 6.10 6.05 4.50 Deck department £ / ....................................... Chief m ates..................... ......................... Second mates .............................................. Third m ates................ .............................. Fourth mates .............................................. Radio officers ............................... . . Pursers ........................................... ......... 284 54 54 54 54 54 14 28.19 34.70 28.85 26.79 25.66 26.83 20.84 2.8 2.4 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9 1.2 Engine department L j ..................................... Chief engineers ..................................... .. First assistant engineers ....................... Second assistant engineers............... Third assistant engineers ....................... Junior third assistant engineers ........... Licensed junior engineers ....................... 270 54 54 54 54 54 30.73 38.07 34.72 29.21 26.77 24.90 - 2.4 .3 2.5 3.2 3.0 2.9 - A ll unlicensed seamen ......................................... 1,854 16.36 Deck department f j ......................................... Bosuns ......................................................... Carpenters ..................................................' Deck maintenance ....................................... Able-bodied seamen................................... Ordinary seamen............................ ........... 654 54 9 114 321 156 Engine department ..................................... Unlicensed junior engineers .................... Electricians .............................................. Second electricians . . .............................. Engine maintenance.............................. . Oilers ......................................................... Firemen, water ten ders................ ........... Wipers ............................................ ............ Stewards department i j ......................... . Chief stewards .......................................... Cooks .......................................................... Cooks and bakers ....................................... Assistant cook s................ .................... .. Messmen ....................................................... \J Bulk carrier (dry) C-3 Average Average daily Average Average daily Average Average daily Average Average daily Average Average daily Number daily premium 2 / Number daily premium 2 / Number daily premium 2 / Number daily premium 2 / Number daily premium 2 / of of of of of earn earn earn earn earn seamen ings 2 / Hours Earnings seamen ings g/ Hours Earnings seamen ings g/ Hours Earnings seamen ings 2 / Hours Earnings seamen ings 2 / Hours Earnings A ll seamen (except roasters and ca d e ts)........... 2/ work and 3/ 4/ C-2 Liberty (EC-2) Victory (VC-2) l/) - - - - - . 77 77 77 496 - - 16.57 18.03 12.31 2.5 3.2 1.0 4.44 .91 4.80 4.65 5.22 6.70 1.62 16.26 22.76 20.18 19.83 18.09 13.83 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 5.33 7.40 6.25 6.26 6.04 4.65 - 88 88 75 80 376 Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as pay in lieu of overtim e, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra m eals, passenger allowances, payments for division of w ar-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. Total of overtim e and penalty time. Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE A-23. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — BY TYPE OF DRY-CARGO SHIP, WEST COAST PORTS (Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing dry-cargo ships in the United States Maritime Industry by selected types of dry-cargo ships, May 1957 Victory (VC-2) Rating A ll seamen (except masters and cadets)......... . Liberty (EC-2) C-2 C-3 \J) Bulk oarrier (dry) Average Average dally Average Average daily Average Average daily Average Average daily Average Average daily Number daily premium £ / Number dally premium £ / Number daily Number daily premium £ / premium 2 / premium 2 / Number dally of of of of o f earn earn earn earn earn seaman ings J / Houre Earnings seamen ings 2 / Hours Earnings seamen ings 2 / Hours Earnings seamen ings 2 / Hours Earnings seamen ings g / Hours Earnings M 3.4 * 8 .u $20.95 2.6 $6.86 609 286 $31.24 $10.19 600 $29.70 2.6 $7.60 600 $29.23 2.8 $8.05 146 $29.04 146 33 33 33 33 7 30.31 37.59 30.31 29.90 26.84 25.11 4.0 5.2 3.8 4.3 3.0 2.7 11.85 16.06 11.40 12.57 8.82 7.84 290 53 53 53 49 53 29 28.58 34.90 29.09 27.29 26.70 27.30 23.01 2.9 2.4 3.2 3.0 3.3 3.1 1.4 8.16 8.03 8.78 8.41 8.56 9.36 3.97 29® 49 49 49 49 49 47 28.67 37.38 29.12 26.39 26.70 28.31 23.42 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.7 3.4 1.6 9.22 11.17 9.40 8.68 10.20 10.50 5.17 74 15 15 15 12 15 2 6.18 2.29 6.7? 6.25 7.47 7.28 - 140 33 33 33 33 8 - 31.69 37.48 34.44 28.58 28.15 23.82 - 2.8 .3 3.9 3.3 3.7 3.0 - 8.45 1.25 12.08 9.77 10.84 7.88 - 310 53 53 53 58 64 - 30.75 42.54 34.30 28.60 26.74 25.01 - 2.4 1.2 2.3 2.6 2.8 2.7 - 7.08 4.57 7.65 7.26 7.55 7.30 - 308 49 49 49 49 86 26 29.76 40.63 36.09 28.40 25.80 25.42 21.66 2.4 1.0 3.1 2.6 2.8 2.8 1.2 6.94 3.76 9.52 7.45 7.70 7.65 3.38 2.0 4.59 916 19.98 3.4 7.51 1,654 18.12 2.4 5.23 1,782 19.98 2.6 18.90 22.59 21.72 20.10 19.29 14.88 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.8 4.84 6.39 6.28 5.84 4.59 3.46 367 30 13 17 201 75 22.88 25.35 22.67 18.61 23.68 15.33 4.2 3.9 2.8 2.5 4.4 2.7 9.68 9.24 7.79 5.43 10.35 4.89 702 53 36 143 311 150 18.98 22.42 21.74 19.62 19.54 15.25 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 5.72 6.64 6.48 5.90 5.89 4.78 656 49 49 138 284 136 22.23 26.48 23.49 23.83 22.70 17.65 646 12 59 56 177 177 167 18.11 15.01 26.23 24.43 18.18 18.33 13.04 2.4 .4 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.0 .9 5.39 .74 287 8.26 7.67 6.37 6.44 1.80 2 95 99 62 17.72 18.30 18.61 18.33 14.73 2.9 2.2 3.3 3.3 1.9 6.14 • 4.70 6.98 6.82 3.76 597 3 53 48 18 159 137 147 18.35 17.12 26.09 25.03 16.32 18.23 18.34 13.04 2.5 1.0 3.2 3.5 1.3 3.1 3.2 1.1 5.55 2.64 8.00 8.48 2.92 6.51 6.69 1.95 601 2 49 46 2 145 141 133 590 59 59 46 72 354 16.84 22.23 20.39 19.53 18.61 14.64 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 3.36 4.25 3.97 4.07 4.08 2.86 262 33 33 28 36 132 18.38 24.24 21.50 20.92 18.79 15.48 2.9 3.3 2.8 3.2 2.6 2.8 6.00 7.88 6.71 7.54 6.15 4.98 555 53 53 49 53 347 16.80 23.11 20.96 20.43 18.38 14.45 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.0 4.30 6.20 5.28 5.39 5.19 3.51 525 46 49 46 49 330 2.679 £20.66 A ll licensed seamen ............................................. 650 Deck deportment j j ........................................ Chief m ates................ ............................... Second mates .............................................. Third m ates................................................ Fourth m ates.................................... . Radio o ffic e r s .......................................... Pursers ....................................................... 314 59 59 59 59 59 19 Engine department t j ..................................... Chief engineers ......................................... First assistant engineers ....... Second assistant engineers ..................... Third assistant engineers..................... • Junior third assistant engineers........... licensed junior engineers ....................... *5.20. 2.4 $7.10 28.05 34.07 28.09 26.76 26.14 27.29 21.50 2.8 2.3 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.0 .9 8.09 7.58 8.04 8*28 9.21 8.98 3.08 336 59 59 59 59 94 - 29.52 39.16 33.10 28.01 25.88 24.75 - 2.1 .6 2.1 2.2 2.7 2.7 - A ll unlicensed seamen ......................................... 2,029 18.05 Deck department j j . ....................................... Bosuns.............. ......................................... Carpenters ................................................. Deck maintenance....................................... Able-bodied seamen ................................... Ordinary seamen......................................... 791 59 50 157 354 171 Engine department ( J ..................................... Unlicensed junior engineers .................... E lectricia n s.............................................. Second electricians .................................. Engine maintenance .................................... Oilers ........................................................ Firemen, water tenders ............................. W ipers......................................................... Stewards department ( J ......................... . Chief stewards........................................... Cooks .......................................................... Cooks and bakers....................................... Assistant cook s..................................... . Messmsn........... ..................................... . - *5.81 fit? 2.8 $8.02 27.99 33.72 27.12 27.04 25.56 26.20 26.65 3.1 2.8 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.0 2.8 8.62 8.69 7.75 9.17 9.05 8.35 9.77 72 15 15 15 15 12 - 30.11 36.11 32.03 28.15 28.33 24.91 - 2.6 .1 2.5 3.3 3.8 3.3 - 7.40 .37 7.67 9.15 10.91 9.30 - 6.46 463 17.26 2.8 5.68 3.1 3.9 3.1 3.5 2.9 2.7 8.08 10.4L 8.47 9.67 7.93 5.81 172 15 25 96 36 17.21 20.09 16.81 18.39 13.15 2.8 2.5 1.7 3.1 2.8 5.76 5.43 6.79 4.60 19.77 •17.49 29.64 27.92 15.29 19.14 18.87 13.42 3.0 1.2 4.3 4.1 .7 3.4 3.4 1.1 6.84 3.01 11.93 11.38 1.56 7.45 7.22 2.28 151 12 5 3 45 45 26 17.89 24.08 23.08 17.51 17.64 17.55 12.83 2.6 2.9 2.7 1.2 3.1 3.0 1.0 5.57 6.49 6.41 2.51 6.41 6.31 1.81 17.42 23.11 21.97 20.69 19.57 15.16 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.6 4.00 5.29 5.01 5.24 5.66 3.24 140 15 15 13 17 80 16.66 24.03 1902 20.59 18.30 13.83 3.0 3.5 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.0 5.70 7.56 5.70 6.31 6.66 5.05 3M 1 / Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as pay in lieu of overtim e, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra m eals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and w a r-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging o r gratuities. 3 / Total of overtim e and penalty time. 4 / Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. JJ g TABLE A-24. AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS DRY-CARGO SHIPS, BY NUMBER OF PORT STOPS (Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing dry-cargo ships in the United States Maritime Industry according to number o f port stops on trips, all ports, May 1957 5 or less Rating Average Number dally of earn-, seamen ings 2/ 6 •- 10 Average daily premium £ / Hours Number of Earning* seamen 11 - 15 Average Average Average daily Number dally dally premium 2/ of earnearn lug* 2 / , Hours Earnings seamen ings g f 10.233 *80.71 . 2.8 *6.41 9,055 *80.20 -2 ,7 2,425 129.79 2.8 $8.20 2,152 $29.58 2.8 Deek department 4 / ........................................ .......... Chief m ates.................................................. Second n a tes.................. ....................................... Third m ates............................................................ fourth m ates.......................................................... Radio o ffic e r s ..................... ........... .................... Pursers .................................................................. 1,182 241 241 245 128 241 78 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.0 1.4 9.09 1,085 217 217 217 159 217 46 28.48 35.02 28.64 26.91 25.58 26.92 3.1 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 Engine department U ..................... ....................... Chief engineers....................... ............................. First assistant engineers .................................... Second assistant engineers ................ Third assistant engineers .................................... Junior third assistant engineer* ................ . Licensed Junior engineer ..................................... 1,243 241 241 2a 1,067 217 217 217 30.70 38.74 34.78 184 1.9 A ll teaman (exoept matters and eadets)......................... A ll llaensed teamen................ ............................ 28.83 35.26 28.76 27.46 25.86 26.98 23.63 47 30.70 38.33 34.83 28.65 27.10 24.96 23.94 2.5 .3 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.7 268 160 2.6 10 . 9a 9.10 9.22 8.90 8.82 4.24 7.35 1.19 10,40 8.86 22.00 28,46 8.50 7.45 7.26 221 11 26,40 24.55 25.05 1.6 Hours 7.650 *20.50 2.7 $6.06 5.910 $20.53 2,6 $6 . 0i $8.15 1,891 $29.28 2.7 $7.76 1,463 $29.46 2.7 $7.94 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.0 8.79 173 77 28.70 35.72 29.35 27.24 25.95 27.30 23.16 704 127 127 127 125 127 29.28 36.53 29.97 28.40 27.11 27.92 22.94 3.2 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.2 1.9 9.45 9.91 9.95 9.91 9.94 9.71 5.59 974 173 169 171 189 199 73 29.83 39.04 34.55 28.68 26.14 24.90 22.79 2.4 .5 2.3 6.53 2.58 7.46 8.94 9.83 9.26 8.91 8.83 8.81 4.83 .6 2.8 8.35 7.76 5.87 3.0 3.0 3.0 16 and over Average Average daily Number daily premium £ / of earnEarnings seamen ings g/ i Hours Earnings Average daily premium 2/ .*6,10 . 7.35 2.28 9.82 2.5 l/) 8.66 917 173 173 173 148 1.1 10.02 9.53 8.65 9.06 9.02 3.70 6.80 2.04 8.78 8.42 n 2.9 2.7 7.68 1.9 7.59 5.25 167 55 29.63 39.82 34.01 28.68 26,10 25.30 21.27 2.8 2.8 759 127 127 127 156 .8 2.3 2.9 2.6 3.1 1.1 8.28 7.09 8.13 3.04 7,808 17.89 2.8 5.85 6,903 17.27 2.7 5.46 5,759 17.62 2.7 5.50 4,447 17.59 2.6 5.37 Deek department 4 / ..................... ............................. Bosun* ...................................... ............................ Carpenter*....... ......................... ........................... Deek maintenance ...................... ........................... Able-bodied seamen............................................... Ordinary teamen..................................................... 2,958 238 124 406 1,454 3.4 3.2 3.0 18.13 2,142 173 99 338 6.28 5.84 490 1,627 127 79“ 289 754 378 18.45 21.91 21.31 19.12 19.07 14.94 2.8 5.35 18.47 21.32 21.17 18.69 19.36 14.68 3.0 1,288 628 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.4 3.2 3.1 6.38 6.89 3.5 3.1 7.14 7.36 6.78 6,07 7.78 5.34 2,585 217 61 666 19.36 22.79 21.52 19.33 20.08 14.83 2.7 2.7 2.4 3.0 2.9 6.14 6.39 6.71 5.67 6.72 5.16 Engine department 4 / .......................... ................ Unlicensed junior engineers ................................ Electricians ..................................... .................... Second electrloia n a ............................................. Engine maintenance .................. ............................ O ile rs ........................................... ...................... Firemen, water tenders ......................................... Wipers ..................................................................... 2,575 50 155 94 59 732 707 587 17.25 17.83 24.65 24.42 15.73 17.22 17.42 12.98 2.4 5.01 2,270 2.3 12.66 1.0 2.7 2.5 1.5 3.1 3.3 430 17.63 15.80 24.35 22.91 16.70 17.86 17.94 12.54 1.22 1.2 1,455 47 125 *04 36 377 376 338 .6 3.1 3.43 6.57 7.71 2.53 5.72 5.97 1,874 36 152 109 48 523 1.1 6.35 6.29 3.23 6.44 6.51 1.76 Stewards department 4 / ............................................ Chief stewards *.................................................... Cooks ....................................................................... Cooks and bakers........................................... . Assistant cooks ..................................................... Hessmen ........................................................ . 2,275 238 238 220 245 1,318 16.71 23.00 20.3* 19,71 18.49 u .10 , 2.7 3.2 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.6 1,743 169 167 163 170 1,051 16.74 22.97 20.85 20.08 18.75 14.29 2.6 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 1,365 124 127 120 131 854 16.51 22.80 20.71 19.91 18.70 14.17 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.4 4.72 6.60 5.65 5.66 5.76 4.04 A ll unlicensed seamen ............................................... . 2.6 1.6 2.8 1.2 2.8 2.9 366 22.02 21.53 18.16 18.86 14.36 7.22 5.22 6.88 2.16 18 647 637 516 16.97 16.20 23.87 22.29 17.77 17.11 17.54 12.59 1.1 4.76 1.56 5.98 5*71 4.08 5.71 6.19 1.87 5.13 7.08 5.93 6.03 6.01 4.31 2,048 217 217 208 222 1,184 16.52 22.74 20.17 19.90 17.88 13.87 2.8 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 5.07 6.89 5.93 5.89 5.71 4.32 100 164 120 .8 2.7 2.5 2.0 2.8 3.0 1,036 510 2.6 2.8 6.62 2.4 3.3 3.0 5.53 7.08 5.03 17.46 2.4 23.87 22.69 2.5 2.4 1.3 2.9 3.2 5.07 1.71 5.61 5.90 16.11 16.26 17.64 18.12 .8 6.05 2.93 6.11 6.66 Of Xo85 4.99 6.02 5.94 5.83 4.29 2.5 5.12 1 / Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957, 2 / Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as pay in lieu of overtim e, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra m eals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and w ar-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3 / Total of overtim e and penalty time. Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE A-25, AVERAGE DAILY EARNINGS — DRY-CARGO SHIPS, BY TRADE AREAS (Average daily earnings of seamen manning seagoing dry-cargo ships in the United States Maritime Industry by selected trade areas, May 1957 M) Trade areas Prom West Coast to— Prom Atlantic and Gulf Coast to— KineYlBr'alRl" Intercoaatal Pacifio Garibbean , A v e : rage A v e ] A v e r a g j f c Average rage Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average daily da:uy , Number daily da:Uy daily Number daily daily Number daily Number daily Number daily Number daily daily of of of premiums 3/ of premiuma 3/ earn earn eremiipe 3/ of earn- premiums 3/ of seamen Earn seamen ings 2/ Hours Fam seamen ings 2/ Hours Earn seamen ings 2/ Hours Earn seamen ings 2/ Hours Earn seamen ings 7j Hours inga 2/ Hours Earn ings ings ines ings., ings ings All seamen (except masters and cadets) .................... Mediterranean "Atlantic Europe and £19.68 *20.01 . 2.9 i M ? 1,070 *29.33 2.9 *3.06 1,171 $29.69 Pacific 5.122 ft9.75 2t7 2.9 *3.30 1,206 $29.73 2«? ??.?? 1*053 *19.72 2,7 £5.32 5,797 S20.36 2.7 $7.38 1,224 $23.90 , 3,2 ,$7.2L 2.6 $7.58 1,409 $29.44 2*? 2,6 $7.54 920 $29.68 2.3 $8,30 3.0 *.91 3.3 10.56 3.4 9.62 3.4 9.46 3.5 9.67 3.0 3,32 1.2 3.64 560 115 115 115 72 115 23 29.22 35.26 29.46 27.96 26.19 26.97 25.67 3.2 9.63 3.3 10.75 3.4 10.03 3.5 10.06 3.3 9.45 3.0 9.86 1.7 5.12 619 121 121 121 104 121 31 23,51 35.90 28.75 26.39 25.44 27.21 20.32 2.9 2.9 3.1 3,0 3.1 3.0 1.0 3.53 9.53 8.79 3.47 3.39 3.77 3.40 536 115 115 115 103 115 13 23.19 34.02 23.56 26.70 25.53 27.20 21.75 3.0 2.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 1.3 3.57 3.28 8.95 8.63 8.35 9.08 4.31 677 127 127 127 109 127 60 23.57 34.65 29.09 27.38 26.62 27.73 22.42 2.9 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.2 .9 8.35 8.35 3.95 3.76 9.05 9.35 2.37 461 99 99 99 35 99 17 29.19 36.12 23.47 26.94 24.80 26.$4 27.31 3,3 9.69 4.2 13.09 3.1 9.21 3.0 8.60 3.0 3.26 2.9 3.52 3.2 8.92 545 30.26 99 39.94 99 35.18 2.5 ,5 3.1 7.24 2,01 9.72 611 30.13 115 33,03 115 35.65 2.3 7.07 .3 1.35 3.4 10.92 537 31.13 121 39,01 121 34.30 2.5 .3 2.9 7.20 1,24 9.26 633 29.56 115 33.10 111 33.50 2.3 .4 2.5 6.68 1.62 7.92 732 30.25 127 40.20 127 33.69 2.3 .7 2.4 6.79 2.39 7.57 459 30,17 99 37.56 99 33.73 2.4 6,90 .3 1.29 3.3 10.15 99 29.17 99 26.37 3.1 3.0 3.43 3.21 115 28.39 146 26.55 3.0 2.6 3,33 7.53 119 29.52 121 26.77 3.3 3.0 9.54 3.44 115 23.83 139 25.65 3.2 2.5 9.19 6.92 127 23.65 141 27,09 2.6 3.0 7.33 3.23 99 27.38 99 26.56 2.8 3.0 7.97 3,78 66 25.19 46 22.49 3.2 1.7 3.70 4.79 77 24.10 43 21.76 2.6 1.3 7.43 5.01 97 25.05 3 20.00 3.0 .3 3.13 .64 123 24.39 35 23.22 3.0 2.0 7.33 5.37 192 24.91 13 28.77 2.6 7.03 3.4 10.05 45 23.49 10 21.04 3.0 .5 6.92 1.63 3,390 17.06 2.9 5.73 3,654 16.47 2.6 5.09 3,916 16.65 2.5 4.81 3,334 16.79 2.7 5.26 4,333 18.11 2.2 4.94 2,946 18.78 3.3 6,91 Peck department £/ .......... Bosuns ........ ........ Carpenters.... . Peck maintenance....... *. Able-bodied seamen ........ Ordinary seamen .......... 1,203 19.30 99 22.32 43 20.93 159 19.69 609 19.07 295’ 14.91 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.7 7.10 1,330 17.13 7.64 115 20.57 6.62 47 20.70 6.05 195 17.47 634 17.93 7.97 5.99 339 13.75 2.9 2.6 3.0 2.3 3.1 3.0 5.33 1,452 16,39 5.50 121 20.03 6.61 19 19,73 230 17.16 4.94 6.53 715 17.77 4.93 363 13.74 2.6 2,1 2.5 1.3 2,9 2,8 5.30 1,440 17.28 113 20.55 4.59 5.46 63 19.54 4.01 229 17.06 635 18,14 6.01 4.95 345 14.17 3.0 2.7 2,7 2.1 3.3 3.3 5.91 1,660 18.32 5.56 127 22.29 5.64 89 21.22 326 19.73 4.54 6.73 749 19.29 360 15.11 5.24 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 5.16 1,137 21.02 6.23 99 24.67 5.70 49 21.50 5.72 80 17.77 5,13 590 21.82 258 4,11 15.14 4,1 4.0 3.3 2.3 4.2 3.4 8.36 9.37 7.43 5.07 9,58 5.31 Engine department jj ........ Unlicensed junior engineers..... ...... . Electricians... ........ Second electricians ..... . Engine maintenance...... Oilers ................. Firemen, water tenders .... Wipers.... ............. 1,119 16.72 2.3 4.69 1,199 15.93 2.0 4.13 1,309 16.56 2,0 4.03 1,269 16.71 2.2 4.50 1,419 13.41 2.5 5.68 932 17.54 2.3 5.59 90 69 22 306 297 251 16,29 23.51 22.17 19.07 16.40 17.24 12.63 1.2 2.7 2.7 2.2 2.6 2.9 1.3 2.45 5.74 5.69 4.62 5.22 6.05 2.13 22 30 33 49 345 345 235 16.14 21.76 19.29 14.39 16.71 16.73 12.00 1.2 1.9 1.4 .6 2.7 2.7 .9 2.39 4.03 2.77 1.35 5.49 5.57 1.53 96 104 64 10 363 359 293 16.77 22.11 19.70 17.79 16.88 17.55 12.23 .9 1.7 1.4 2.0 2.5 2.9 .3 1.36 3.60 3.07 4,14 5.24 5.95 1.34 15.30 22.57 21.17* 15.12 16.87 17,60 12.35 .6 2.2 2.2 .3 2.7 3.1 1.1 1,21 4.71 4.54 1.79 5.59 6.32 1.32 19.33 27.00 25.52 16.64 18.30 18.35 13.13 1.5 3.4 3.3 1.3 3.1 3.2 1.0 3.90 8.92 3.31 3.02 6.56 6.65 1.95 45 30 15 293 275 225 24.48 23.18 22.08 13.04 17.97 13.39 2.9 3.0 4.0 3.1 3.4 1.6 6.77 6.70 3.40 6.50 6.53 2.65 Stewards department ij ....... Chief stewards, tanker .... Cooks .*..... . Cooks and bakers ......... Assistant oooks ............. Messmen ................ 1,069 99 99 99 99 643 16.03 23.19 20,12 19.66 1*.16 13.53 2.9 3.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.3 5.25 1,075 16.22 3.20 115 22.39 6,38 115 19.63 111 19.44 6.17 6.13 112 17.95 4.52 622 13.47 2.9 3.4 2.9 2,3 3.0 2.9 5.21 1,155 16.47 121 22 . a 7.12 5.93 119 20.43 5.37 119 19.73 121 13.16 6.23 4.44 675 13.34 2.9 3.2 2.3 2.9 2.7 2.3 5.08 1,125 16.25 6.70 111 21.90 6.02 111 20.31 106 19.64 5.73 116 13.33 5.74 631 13.79 4.38 2.9 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.3 5.27 1,309 16.37 6.64 127 22.64 6.21 127 20.63 6.13 114 20.21 6.04 141 18.56 4.62 797 14.57 1.3 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.7 3.38 5.15 4.73 5.00 4.73 3.21 877 99 99 95 91 435 17.18 24.02 20.70 20.05 13.a 14.27 3.1 3.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 5.30 3.35 6.68 6.65 6.44 4.31 All licensed seamen .*....... . Peck department £/ ........ . Chief mates............. Second mates...... . Third mates ............. Fourth mates..... .... .. radio officers......... . Pursers ...... 525 99 99 99 66 99 63 Engine department (J ........ Chief engineers ......... First assistant engineers ... Fecond assistant engineers......... . Thirds assistant engineers ... Junior third assistant engineers .......... . Licensed junior engineers ... All unlicensed seamen ......... a 2*.36 35.42 29.18 27.57 26.14 26.93 21.*0 51 103 67 40 347 355 230 8 113 101 23 381 360 336 •* 1/ Data relate to latest trips ending prior to June 1957. For definition of trade areas see Scope and Method of Survey in appendix A. ? / Includes all wage payments and allowances, such as pay in lieu of overtim e, tool and uniform allowances, pay for serving extra meals, passenger allowances, payments for division of work, and w ar-risk bonuses in addition to premiums shown separately. Does not include any value for board and lodging or gratuities. 3/ Total of overtime and penalty time. ? / Includes data fo r other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE B-1. ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT (Number of seamen and average days of em ploym ent^/ by selected ratings, all seamen and those considered industry connected, 2/ and by coast of employment in the United States Maritime Industry, July 1, 1956——June 30, 1957) All seamen All ports Rating Atlantic and Gulf Cossts ports Number of seamen Average days worked Number of seamen Average days worked All seamen (except pursers and reliefmen)....... *5.541 212 63.976 215 All licensed seamdn ............ ............. 16,30* 233 10,*89 231 Deck denartsient 2/ .............. . Masters ............................... Chief mates ........ .................... Second mates ................. ....... . Third mates........................ . Fourth mates ........................ . Radio officers ..................... . 7,999 1,004 1,262 1,339 1,604 1,060 1,6*0 235 254 255 244 227 19* 234 4,684 714 927 1,044 1,209 765 - 236 250 253 245 228 199 - Engine department 2/ ..................... . Chief engineers................... . First assistant engineers ............. . Second assistant engineers ...... . Third assistant engineers ................ Junior third assistant engineers ........... Licensed junior engineers ................ *,309 1,378 1,354 a-,342 1,834 1,437 456 231 259 243 232 231 201 201 6,205 1,106 1,026 1,402 1,3*6 917 - 228 254 240 225 230 193 - All unlicensed seamen........................ 69,233 207 53,087 Deck department 2/ ................. Bosuns .....••......... ......... ...... . Carpenters........................... . Deck maintenance..... ......... ......... Able-bodied seamen ............. ..... . Ordinary seamen ........................ 24,613 1,727 640 3,111 15,525 5,866 210 228 219 219 220 180 Engine department 2/ ..................... . Electricians ............. ..... ....... Second electricians .................... . Oilers ............................... Firemen, miter tenders ................ .. Wipers........................ ....... 19,746 1,239 662 5,7*9 4,901 5,095 Stewards department 2 / .................. . Chief stewards, all ships ................ Chefs, passenger ...................... . Cooks, passenger ................. ...... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker............... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker ...... Assistant cooks, passenger ••«...... . Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ....... Stewards, passenger ••••••••••••.••......... Waiters, passenger ................ . Messmen, all ships....... .......... . Bellboys, passenger .......... . 24,874 1,649 830 505 1,038 1,162 560 1,202 1,455 1,495 11,877 440 Industry connected seamen West Coast ports Number of seamen All ports Atlantic and Gulf Coasts ports West Coast ports Average days worked Number of seamen Average days worked Number of seamen Average days worked Number of seamen Average days worked 201 64.583 243 49 .o a 245 14.211 235 3,739 238 12,727 258 8,374 256 3,022 262 1,635 290 335 295 395 295 - 236 263 261 242 223 193 - 6,140 794 1,007 1,099 1,194 670 1,331 261 274 276 264 254 235 261 3,579 569 732 *59 924 470 - 260 271 276 265 251 232 - 1,230 225 275 240 270 200 - 265 2*4 277 258 264 240 - 2,104 272 328 440 448 520 - 239 279 251 254 233 216 - 6,5*7 1,194 1,136 1,544 1,468 945 300 255 276 257 253 253 235 246 4,795 954 832 1,152 1,092 521 - 254 271 254 248 252 238 - 1,792 240 304 392 376 424 - 259 298 265 268 257 232 - 211 16,146 193 51,856 239 40,667 243 11,1*9 227 18,587 1,440 _ 2,140 9,607 4,520 214 233 216 224 192 6,026 287 971 2,918 1,346 196 198 226 209 139 19,037 1,485 565 2,616 10,192 3,784 237 250 228 233 240 226 14,607 1,240 . 1,820 7,767 3,240 2a 255 230 245 232 4,430 245 796 2,425 5U 224 220 • 2a 224 193 206 222 216 221 208 177 14,880 9*0 209 228 224 210 178 4,866 259 _ 1,309 1,141 1,275 197 201 _ 208 204 175 14,690 916 586 4,727 3,699 3,195 240 257 229 244 237 230 11,260 720 242 264 3,430 196 235 234 3,740 2,880 2,460 245 236 230 987 819 735 240 238 231 205 258 261 249 216 222 241 134 211 187 195 187 19,620 1,300 700 960 • 860 211 276 • 228 222 185 199 • 5,254 349 186 191 • 190 220 18,129 1,494 730 455 795 857 480 842 1,060 975 8,607 330 2a 273 269 264 235 247 264 219 243 224 229 238 14,800 1,220 560 700 620 • 245 286 3,329 274 240 250 _ 218 • 235 157 225 213 • » 224 234 4,430 3,760 3,*20 9,460 - 19,885 338 202 _ 342 184 - 2,417 - 191 • - • - 7,000 - 230 222 - 1,607 • 220 • 228 - If Includes all maritim e employment as reported to the various vacation funds maintained jointly by the companies and unions in the industry. Does not include shoreside employment or employment on inland waterways or the Great Lakes or paid-vacation tim e. Employment on oil company tankers not covered by these funds was also excluded. 2f A seaman was considered "industry connected" if he had been employed in the industry at any time during the first half of 1956 and had also been employed after June 30, 1957. No check was made to see if he was. actually available for work. 3/ Includes other ratings in addition to those shown separately. Data on radio officers were not available by coast. TABLE B-2. ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT — INDUSTRY CONNECTED SEAMEN,-^ALL PORTS (P e rce n ta g e d istrib u tion o f se a m e n w ho w e re em p loy ed both b e fo r e and a fte r the y ea r o f study in the United States M aritim e Industry b y nu m ber o f days o f seagoin g em p loym en t 2 / during the y e a r ...July 1, 1956— June 30, * 1957) 300 Averagei 30 Maher days Under of Worked 30 under seamen during days 60 90 13Q 150 180 2IP 240 370 W All seamen (except pursers and relief m e n ) ...................................... 6A.583 243 0.6 1.8 2.5 ?f6 5.3 6.8 JCfJ Ht? 14,6 itf*? All licensed seamen.... ........ ......... . 12,727 258 0.6 1.1 2.1 2.8 4.6 4.8 6.9 10.3 13.2 18.1 Deck department 2/ ....................... Misters ......... ..................... Chief m a t e s ........................... Second ma t e s ...... .......... ....... . Third m a t e s .........* ................ Fourth mates ............. ............. Radio officers.... ................... 6,1£0 7941,007 1,099 1,194 670 1,331 261 274 276 264 254 235 261 •4 . •5 .9 1.4 1.5 2.3* 2.6 3.1 2.0 2.3 3.8 3.7 1.4 1.9 1.3 1.0 .9 3.4 3.7 1.8 5.0 4.4 5.0 4.5 5.0 6.0 4.8 5.3 3.1 4.0 4.5 4.2 8.2 7.7 5.8 8.9 5.7 .6 8.9 2.5 9.1 7.3 6.7 10.5 8.2 19.4 5.0 #7.1 Engine department 2 / ....... •............ Chief engineers .................... . First assistant engineers............ . Second assistant engineers............ Third assistant engineers............. Junior third assistant engineers....... Licensed Junior engineers .............. 6,587 1.194 1,136 1,544 1,468 945 300 255 276 257 253 253 235 246 1.0 .5 1.7 2.7 1.2 .7 2.1 2.2 .8 - 1.7 1.3 .7 1.0 1.1 3.4 8.0 3.6 1.3 5.8 3.9 3.8 3.4 2.7 4.2 1.3 7.0 3.1 3.8 7.8 - 4.3 2.0 5.1 3.6 3.8 8.5 3.3 8.0 4.0 7.0 7.9 12.1 7.6 8.0 All unlicensed seamen....................... 51,856 239 .6 2.0 2.6 3.8 5.4 7.3 10.9 11.6 14.9 14.3 7.8 3.3 Deck department 2 / ....................... Bosuns ............................... Carpenters ................... . Deck maintenance...................... Able-bodied seamen.................... Ordinary seaman....................... 19,037 1,485 565 2,6l6 10,1% 3,784 237 250 228 233 240 226 .4 1.2 .7 - 2.2 .9 4.4 1.5 3.9 2.8 4.6 8.3 3.1 2.4 2.7 3.4 1.8 2.5 2.1 3.1 6.4 6.1 1.3 18.1 5.4 6.5 5.9 7.3 9.0 1.2 8.8 6.4 8.4 11.2 11.3 9.5 12.3 6.0 14.5 7.3 14.2 10.9 12.3 11.6 10.5 15.7 16.4 13.4 19.9 15.4 10.4 9.7 13.1 9.7 15.7 15.4 14.1 15.2 17.6 13.6 15.5 13.6 14.8 7.7 12.2 10.8 6.2 8.1 6.2 2.0 2.7 4.8 3.4 1.8 .7 Engine department 2 / ..................... Electricians.......................... Second electricians..... ........ ..... Oilers ............................... Firemen, water tenders.... ............ Wipers ............................... 14,690 916 586 4,727 3,699 3,195 240 257 229 244 237 230 .8 4.6 1.1 .5 .4 1.5 4.4 .3 1.3 1.1 1.7 . 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.9 4.3 .8 2.4 3.3 4.0 6.5 4.9 2.3 9.2 3.9 4.9 6.8 6.3 5.9 4.8 5.8 5.9 9.0 12.3 7.4 11.6 11.8 16.0 11.8 Stewards department 2 / ................... Chief stewards, all s h i p s ............. Chefs, passenger ....................... Cooks, passenger.... .................. Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ........... . Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker .. Assistant cooks, passenger ............ Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ... Stewards, passenger............ ...... Waiters, passenger .................... Mbsemen, all ships •••••............... Bellboys, passenger................ . 18,129 1,494 730 455 795 857 480 842 1,060 975 8,607 330 241 273 269 264 235 247 264 219 243 224 229 238 .6 .7 .6 1.9 2.1 .5 2.2 .7 2.2 2.3 5.9 2.8 4.1 2.6 1.5 2.9 3.1 2.7 1.1 1.8 .6 5.3 2.4 6.2 3.3 3.8 1.7 5.3 3.5 1.0 3.0 5.7 3.1 4.8 6.1 5.2 5.0 2.7 1.1 6.3 5.3 1.0 4.8 7.1 4.6 5.3 7.6 965 618 105 89 8.3 28.8 20.7 20.7 20.7 7.8 15.0 9.1 10.9 10.4 Arimary rating - .8 .5 .9 .7 - - 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 330 - - - W and 360 over 8t? 3.4 _ 20.2 11.7 3.7 13.7 18.2 20.0 17.6 23.9 19.5 12.4 14.2 28.8 12.7 19.6 20.5 17.6 13.8 16.8 13.4 15.7 12.7 10.1 21.2 20.0 13.1 11.8 15.3 12.6 15.8 5.2 14.3 4.2 8.8 5.5 4.5 1.7 2.2 3.6 10.3 9.9 12.7 7.3 12.8 8.8 10.7 3.2 2.8 3.7 1.6 5.6 2.5 2.7 11.6 12.8 9.4 16.6 9.5 9.5 12.4 13.5 11.6 13.2 7.6 16.9 8.0 21.3 18.0 20.3 22.9 27.6 15.7 22.5 20.1 22.5 16.5 12.9 13.1 17.8 18.7 14. 0 15.4 11.9 17.7 14.1 6.7 24.2 18.3 9.2 16.4 19.8 13.5 19.1 12.7 10.4 17.7 16.6 14.5 13.2 14.1 13.9 17.6 3.6 15.1 12.0 12.7 7.1 5.9 4.6 7.6 6.9 5.3 3.5 6.6 11.4 3.4 2.0 2.7 8.2 9.5 5.5 7.4 8.2 5.5 8.8 5.5 15.7 13.2 5.8 9.3 5.2 9.4 9.5 10.1 7.5 2.4 13.3 11.3 8.9 11.1 13.6 - 11.6 4.5 2.7 13.2 5.9 18.1 16.7 10.3 7.5 4.6 14.3 25.8 11.9 8.4 8.2 17.6 13.8 10.5 16.7 20.8 12.3 11.3 10.9 6.1 15.4 16.9 32.9 18.7 10.1 17.2 16.7 19.0 23.6 12.8 14.0 21.2 15.7 8.4 19.1 19.5 24.7 3.4 14.3 9.9 8*4 3.1 19.8 2.9 16.7 12.5 4.8 4.8 14.2 9.9 8.7 14.9 15.0 6.5 6.1 12.1 4.5 8.4 8.2 7.7 15.7 4.7 4.2 1.8 2.8 3.1 2.8 - 6.2 7.8 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.9 1.0 - Relief workers, not included in above: Relief mates ............................. Relief engineers ••••...... ............... 9.3 7.8 - - - 1/ F o r d efin ition of in d u stry c o n n e cted sea m en , se e footn ote 2, table B - l . ]Z/ Includes a ll m a r itim e em ploym en t as r e p o r te d to the v a r io u s v a ca tion funds m aintained join tly by the com pan ies and the unions in the in d u stry . D oes not includ e sh o re sid e em p loy m en t or em ploym en t on inland w aterw ays or the G reat Lakes o r p aid-vacation tim e . E m p loy m ent on oil com pan y tan k ers not c o v e r e d by the funds w as a ls o ex clu d ed . 31 Includes other ra tin g s in addition to th ose shown s e p a r a te ly . TABLE B-3. ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT — INDUSTRY CONNECTED SEAMEN,-^ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST PORTS (P e rce n ta g e d istrib u tion o f seam en who w e re em p loy ed both b e fo r e and a fter the y ea r of study in the United States M aritim e Industry b y num ber o f days o f seagoin g em ploym en t 2 / during the y e a r , July 1, 1956*—June 30, 1957) 210 Average 30 Number days Under and worked 30 under of seamen during days year 6p 60 90 120 150 130 49.041 245 °t5 lT? 2 t4 ?f6 ?T° 6.J> 10,0 ^T? iVr-4 8,374 256 0.7 1.1 2.3 3.1 4.6 4.2 7.3 10.5 14.3 Deck department 2 / .......**.... . •....... Masters ............................... Chief mates ............ .............. Second m a t e s .... ..................... Third mates ......... .................. Fourth mates ....... ............. ..... 3,579 569 732 859 924 470 260 271 276 265 251 232 .3 1.1 - .6 1.2 2.1 2.8 3.5 2.7 1.2 4.3 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.4 3.2 4.3 5.6 5.3 4.1 4.7 6.0 3.5 5,0 3,5 4.1 5.3 4.3 8.5 6.4 2.7 8.1 10.8 8.5 9.1 14.7 4.4 20.2 7.5 13.7 9.9 12.3 7.6 16.2 19.1 10.6 Engine department 2 j ......*.... ......... Chief engineers ....................... First assistant engineers .............. Second assistant engineers •,. ........ .. Third assistant engineers ........... . Junior third assistant engineers 4,795 954 832 1,152 1,092 521 254 271 254 248 252 238 1.0 .8 • 1.4 .7 1.5 1.5 _ 1.0 2.8 2.2 1.5 2.0 1.7 1.0 1.4 1.5 4*6 4.0 1.7 6.0 4.5 4.4 3.1 3.9 1.7 8.7 2.8 2.2 8.1 3.6 2.5 3.1 3.5 2.9 7.7 7.9 11.6 5.0 9.2 6.7 11.1 9.2 11.1 12.6 13.4 4.6 15.4 40,667 243 .5 2.0 2.4 3.7 5.1 7.0 10.6 2.5 3.2 4.4 1.3 1.9 3.2 1.6 2.2 2.7 6.2 5.3 1.6 5.5 6.2 5.6 7.0 10.5 9.7 9.7 7.7 15.4 5.9 10.0 8.0 10.5 11.0 11.3 5.5 12.1 10.5 15.5 21.0 16.5 14.9 14.3 16.4 34.5 9.9 18.5 14.8 Primary rating 90 120 150 180 240 270 300 330 3& and 2*0 J60 over }6,2 8t? 3.6 17.4 19.2 12.0 3.1 17,1 22.0 16.1 19.8 12.4 17.0 19.3 20.2 28.0 19.2 15.2 11.7 13.2 10.4 14.2 12.7 17.7 6.4 4.1 8.8 5.5 4.7 1.1 1.1 14.1 19.1 12.0 13.2 14.1 7.7 17.7 19.5 13.7 20.7 16.3 16.1 19.1 27.0 18.3 21.2 11.5 18.4 11.1 10.7 15.4 7.6 12.1 11.3 2.5 1.0 3.1 .7 6.0 14.5 15.1 15.6 8.2 3.7 15.1 11.3 16.5 15.2 16.7 8.4 12.9 7.7 3.5 6.3 2.2 3.2 3.3 2.1 .6 ?7Q ?0Q , All seamen (except pursers, relief men, and radio officers) .................... All licensed seamen.... .................... All unlicensed seamen.... .................. 11.7 - Deck department 2/ ••..................... Bosuns ............................... Deck maintenance ........ ............ .. Able-bodied seamen......... .......... Ordinary seamen ........... ........... . 14,607 1,240 1,820 7,767 3,240 2U 255 230 245 232 •4 .8 - 2.2 5.5 1.3 3.7 Engine department 2 / ................ .. Electricians .............. ............ Oilers ............................... Firemen, water tenders ............ . Wipers............. ............... . 11,260 720 3,740 2,880 2,460 242 264 245 236 230 .7 1.1 .7 1.4 5.6 1.4 .3 1.6 2.7 1.4 1.6 4.4 3.7 4.2 6.5 4.4 3.2 4.9 6.5 6.0 12.6 5.6 5.6 5.9 11.2 4.9 17.4 9.8 13.0 12.8 5.6 14.4 11.1 17.1 16.9 25C0 19.3 17.4 10,6 13.1 19.4 11.3 15.3 13.3 14.2 19.4 15.0 11.3 12.2 7.5 5.6 7.5 7.6 4.9 4.3 8.3 4.3 2,1 3.3 Stewards department 2 / ................... Chief stewards, all ships .............. Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ............ Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker .. Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ... Masemen, all ships .............. . 14,800 1,220 560 700 620 7,000 245 286 240 250 218 230 .3 2.3 . • 2.9 6.5 2.9 2.3 1.6 • 6.5 3.4 3.5 1.6 3.6 2.9 3.2 4.6 5.0 3.3 7.1 5.7 3.2 5.4 7.3 9.1 8.2 3.3 17.9 17.9 8.6 5.7 9.7 6.5 8.6 10.9 11.5 3.3 3.6 20.0 9.7 14.6 11.6 8.2 14.3 8.6 25.3 10.0 15.4 18.0 3.6 14.3 19.4 14.0 17.2 21.3 7.1 22.9 3.2 16.6 8.6 21.3 3.6 2.9 6.5 6.0 4.7 9.3 21.4 5.7 2,9 730 458 102 92 5.5 26.6 24.7 19.2 23.3 7.0 16.4 3.7 6.3 14.0 2.7 5.2 4.1 1.7 1.4 - - • .4 - - Relief workers not included in abovet Relief mates ............................ . Relief engineers ............ . 9.6 10.5 5.5 7.0 *■ 1/ F o r d e fin ition o f in d u stry co n n e cte d sea m en , see footnote 2, table B - l . Includes all m a r itim e em ploy m en t as r e p o r te d to the v a riou s v a ca tion funds m aintained join tly by the com p an ies and the unions in the in d u stry . D oes not in clu d e s h o re s id e em ploym en t or em p loym en t on inland w aterw ays or the Great L akes or p a id -v a ca tio n tim e . E m p loy m ent on oil com p an y tan k ers not c o v e r e d by the funds w as a ls o ex clu d ed . "If 37 Includes other ratings in addition to those shown separately. not in This tabulation. Data on radio officers were not available by coasts and are, therefore, TABLE B-4. ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT — INDUSTRY CONNECTED SEAMEN,-M*EST COAST PORTS (P e rce n ta g e d istrib u tio n o f sea m en who w e r e e m p loy ed both b e fo r e and after the y e a r o f study in the United States M aritim e Industry by num ber o f days o f seagoin g em p loym en t 2 / during the y e a r , July 1, 1956——June 30, 1957) Primary rating Average H r -ar “ *r Under and Number days 30 under of worked seamen during daya sear _n to 90 All stamen (except pursers, relief men, end radio officers) .................. 235 0.8 1.7 t s t 150 - n r “ 3 F - s a r 270 300 330 360 and 180 210 240 270 300 ,33P 360 over ?t? 4.0 6|| 7.8 11.0 11.3 15.5 16|8 12.5 6.8 2.6 All licensed seamen.............. ......... 3,022 262 0.4 0.4 1.9 2.4 4.4 5.0 6.8 11.0 11.5 18.4 22.9 9.6 5.3 Deck department £/ •••••................. Misters..... ........................ Chief n a t e s .......... ............... Second m a t e s ......................... Third mates .................... . fourth m a t e s ...................... . 1,230 225 275 240 270 200 265 284 277 258 264 240 .4 .4 1.8 2.1 - • - 3.3 2.2 6.2 1.9 7.5 2.0 3.3 2.2 3.6 3.7 7.5 4.9 2.2 1.8 4.2 9.3 7.5 10.2 14.6 8.9 11.1 9.1 12.7 6.2 12.5 22.2 3.7 20.0 20.0 17.9 23.9 3.7 2.5 3.7 2.2 7.3 4.2 1.9 - 22.4 U . 8 17.8 15.6 30.9 18.2 25.0 12.5 22.2 9.3 15.0 2.5 5.3 8.9 5.5 4.2 3.7 5.0 Engine department J/ ......................................... Chief engineers ............... . First assistant engineers ............ Second assistant engineers ............ Third assistant engineers.......... . Junior third assistant engineers...... 1,792 240 304 392 376 424 259 298 265 268 257 232 1.9 .4 2.1 - .9 1.9 2.7 5.3 2.0 2.1 3.8 4.9 2.6 4.1 8.5 7.5 6.2 10.5 4.1 6.4 9.4 8.0 7.9 4.1 10.6 11.3 11.6 9.4 18.7 10.0 6.7 36.7 2.6 21.1 5.3 16.3 14.3 18.4 6.4 10.6 17.0 18.9 7.5 9.4 All unlicensed seamen ............. ....... .. 11,189 227 .9 2.0 3.3 4.4 6.6 8.5 12.2 H.4 16.5 Seek department £ / .................... .. Bosuns ......... ........... .......... Peek maintenance ......... ........... . Able-bodied teamen ............... Ordinary seamen.... ...... . 4,430 245 796 2,425 544 224 220 2a 224 193 .3 .3 - 2.4 5.7 1.8 2.0 5.1 4.1 11.4 « 4.3 4.3 2.9 1.8 4.3 7.1 5.3 7.5 7 .7 7 .7 7 .7 8.4 5.7 11.4 8.1 10.3 13.2 8.6 11.4 13.7 18.0 Engine department £ / .................. . ElectricIans ......................... Oilers.............................. Firemen, water tenders ............... Wipers .............................. 3,430 196 987 819 735 235 234 240 238 231 1.0 1.4 - 1.6 1.4 .9 1.9 2.2 1.4 3.4 2.9 3.7 3.6 1.4 3.4 6.7 6.5 10.7 6.4 5.1 7.6 7.1 7.1 5.7 9.4 6.7 11.4 14.3 14.2 .9.2 10.7 Stewards department 3 / .................. Ohief stewards, all ships ............. Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ........... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker . Assistant cooks, dry-oargo and tanker •• Maasmen, all ships ................... 3,329 274 235 157 225 213 224 234 1.7 3.6 2.0 3.3 2.1 9.9 6.0 222 220 - • 4.5 1,607 228 1.4 1.2 235 113 224 17.0 “ 8.5 • .4 - - 1.9 - - 4.2 23.2 30.0 34.2 26.5 17.0 17.0 8.0 6.7 5.3 6.1 14.9 5.7 5.4 10.0 5.3 4.1 4.3 5.7 16.4 9.7 6.1 1.9 12.5 16.4 17.1 14.3 11.4 14.1 13.0 16.2 10.3 19.3 16.4 20.0 28.1 14.4 6.4 7.8 5.5 8.6 2.6 6.6 2.6 1.6 5.7 8.5 8.4 3.5 20.2 21.4 9.9 18.4 7.7 18.8 5.7 21.9 17.1 14.3 16.3 21.4 15.2 12.9 10.7 15.6 12.3 14.3 5.9 7.1 7.8 4.3 6.7 1.0 1.7 1.0 5.8 10.1 11.7 12.3 12.9 15.6 5.2 9.0 7.1 1.8 12.4 15.3 3.6 9.9 9.1 11.7 9.1 11.7 2.1 11.5 12.8 25.5 11.5 2.1 4.3 10.6 9.4 1.8 2.1 3.2 9.0 4.7 6.4 9.0 10.5 12.8 10.6 23.4 8.5 “ 3.2 2.3 2.5 9.1 18.7 18.5 12.5 6.4 2.3 6.0 11.1 7.6 12.7 20.3 9.6 19.1 29.9 12.2 6.8 13.0 12.0 13.4 14.8 13.9 6.4 9.0 8.3 3.2 3.5 1.2 1.3 3.3 - 6.8 8.8 2.5 Relief workers, not included in above: Relief m a t e s .......................... Relief engineers ........... ............ 56 14.3 1 / F or d e fin ition o f in d u stry co n n e cte d se a m e n , se e footn ote Z, table 2 / Includes a ll m a r itim e em ploy m en t as r e p o r te d to the v a riou s v acation the in d u stry . D oes not includ e s h o re s id e em ploym en t or em ploym en t on inland ploym ent on oil com pan y tan kers not c o v e r e d by the funds w as a ls o e x clu d ed . 3 / Includes other ratin gs in addition to th ose shown s e p a r a te ly . Data on not in I b i s tabu lation . * 8.5 28.6 6.4 — 4.3 28.6 14.3 • 14.3 - B -l. funds m aintained jo in tly by the com pan ies and the unions in w aterw ay s or the G reat Lakes or p a id -v a ca tion tim e . E m r a d io o ff ic e r s w e r e not available by coa sts and a r e , th e r e fo r e , p\ TABLE B-5. ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT — ALL SEAMEN, ALL PORTS (Percentage distribution of all seamen employed any time during the year in the United States Maritime Industry by number of days of seagoing employment, ) J July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) Average 30 Under and Dumber days 30 of worked under seamen during days year ft 60 ft 90 ^20 All seamen (except pursers and relief mAn )...................................... 85.5A1 212 4.0 5.1 6.1 All lloensed seamen.... .................... 16,306 233 2.1 3.4 Deck department 2 / ................ ...... Masters....................... ....... Chief mates ........... ............... Second m a t e s ......................... Third m a t e s .......................... Fourth mates ........ ........... ...... Radio officers ............. .......... 7,999 1,004 1,262 1,339 1,604 1,060 1,680 235 254 255 244 227 198 234 1.8 1.0 1.2 .7 3.1 1.4 2.6 Engine department 2 / ..................... Chief engineers ........... ........... First assistant engineers............ . Second assistant engineers ............. Third assistant engineers............. Junior third assistant engineers....... Licensed junior engineers .............. 8,309 1,378 1,354 1,342 1,334 1,437 456 231 259 243 232 231 201 201 All unlicensed seamen ..................... .. 69,233 Deck department 2 / ..................... Bosuns ................................ Carpenters ...................... ..... Deck maintenance...................... Able-bodied seamen........ ........... Ordinary seamen ....................... 24,613 1,727 640 3,111 12,525 5,866 Engine department g/ ................... Electricians..................... . Second electricians ................... Oilers.... .................... .... . Firemen, water tenders................ Wipers............................... ldo 210 W 180 fftO 5.8 6.2 7.0 4.8 5.0 5.9 3.6 1.6 4.5 1.9 6.1 6.7 5.5 9.0 4.4 3.7 6.2 8.5 3.0 4.3 2.0 4.0 2.2 5.9 8.5 3.3 6.0 3.5 4.0 7.1 6.5 9.0 5.1 2.4 2.3 .6 1.3 2.2 4.2 5.3 3.2 .6 1.3 4.0 3.9 4.2 5.3 4.2 2.3 2.4 3.9 3.2 7.2 11.0 5.8 2.3 6.1 6.0 5.7 6.3 u .o 5.8 3.5 8.9 3.9 6.1 9.2 - 207 4.5 5.5 6.4 6.0 6.3 7.2 12.0 U.l 210 228 219 219 220 180 3.2 •4 1.1 .6 2.2 7.7 5.3 3.9 1.1 5.4 3.7 8.1 6.4 7.8 10.5 5.3 4.9 8.7 5.2 5.4 2.2 2.2 4.9 8.0 6.8 1.2 18.1 7.6 7.0 6.9 7.6 8.2 2.2 8.7 6.9 8.5 1C .4 10.3 10.5 10.5 5.3 17.0 8.1 13.5 10.6 11.2 9.4 9.1 13.0 13.2 17.1 13.3 8.6 11.6 14.3 13.0 13.4 15.0 8.8 10.7 10.7 8.9 8.6 12.7 11.5 9.6 19,746 1,239 662 5,789 4,901 5,095 206 222 216 221 208 177 4.3 3.3 4.1 4.5 3.4 7.4 4.9 5.4 2.1 1.8 3.4 3.9 6.2 4*4 4.2 5.5 5.4 9.0 6.8 3.3 4.2 4.9 7.3 10.0 6.4 8.2 11.2 4.9 6.7 7.1 6,2 4.4 5.3 6,1 6.3 7.6 10.5 10.3 6.1 7.7 10.3 15.6 11.1 12.3 9.5 13.9 7.4 10.5 U . 4 10.8 21.1 13.6 8.2 17.5 16.9 10.5 14.9 12.3 9.2 9.4 10.4 13.0 3.2 12.3 9.2 8.1 5.6 4.4 4.1 6.5 5.6 3.3 2.7 4.3 10.1 2.8 1.5 2.1 Stewards department*?/.................. . *24,374 Chief stewards, all sh i p s............. 1,649 Chefs, passenger ............. ........ 330 Cooks, passenger ...................... 505 Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ........... 1,038 1,162 Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker .. Assistant cooks, passenger ............ 560 Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ... 1,202 Stewards, passenger................... 1,455 Waiters, oassenger................ . 1,495 Messmen, all ships .................... 11,377 Bellboys, passenger .................... 440 205 258 261 249 216 222 241 184 211 187 195 187 5.4 1.6 6.5 3.7 2.4 2.0 6.2 1.5 2.4 i.3 4.5 7.5 4.1 4.7 4.5 17.0 6.3 2.7 .6 3.0 3.9 7.3 2.7 7.5 8.2 9.7 6.3 2.3 6.0 .9 6.2 4.1 8.4 8.5 4.5 6.4 3.0 1.3 10.0 6.2 8.4 7.7 4.5 8.6 5.7 7.5 5.8 5.0 9.7 9.6 7.2 2.4 4.0 7.9 5.9 9.2 12.7 14.5 4.7 6.5 10.3 6.2 8.0 .9 3.7 7.1 11.2 8.2 8.2 4.1 5.0 11.4 8.0 8.1 5.6 9.0 8.0 10.2 - 12.0 17.3 21.7 12.9 8.9 16.8 14.3 3.3 11.3 10.0 11.5 4.5 6.2 17.7 3.0 9.9 2.4 2.6 10.7 3.7 7.2 5.7 4.8 9.1 3.3 7.6 7.2 6.9 12.0 3.4 3.0 1.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 77 61 31.2 50.1 17.5 15.3 17.9 6.3 10.7 7.6 6.8 6.9 • — • Primary rating - 3.0 2.6 - 240 270 240 2?0 300 9.3 10.2 12.1 6.2 7.1 9.7 11.5 6.2 4.5 4.4 4.9 5.9 8.5 8.5 120 3ft “555" - % r ~ and - 339 3ft over 12.7 12.1 6.7 2.6 15.3 I6.4 9.6 3.0 6.2 8.9 11.9 15.1 8.0 16.4 19.4 1.5 5.2 9.5 11.5 12.9 9.0 10.5 17.2 6.7 8.7 14.3 11.8 8.7 8.0 13.7 H . 3 10.8 6.0 9.0 17.8 6.2 16.4 16.4 24.6 17.9 13.1 9.4 16.7 10.8 10.4 12.6 11.9 12.4 3.3 12.1 3.4 8.0 4.4 3.7 1.2 1.4 2.9 6.3 7.9 10.4 11.0 15.5 4.6 8.7 15.5 20.5 4.1 6.6 8.6 16.2 9.2 7.1 5.4 7.5 12.2 12.2 16.8 5.3 11.5 10.6 11.1 U . 5 8.6 6.7 11.4 8.5 12.2 3.9 5.3 5.3 U . O 18.0 16.4 24.5 18.9 13.9 10.8 12.8 9.2 8.4 8.6 10.6 6.1 10.3 7.0 7.0 2.7 2.5 3.1 1.3 4.9 1.7 1.8 6.0 2.5 9.8 10.3 12.3 9.9 10.4 8.0 4.1 9.6 2.4 11.9 15.8 5.0 13.5 17.2 9.5 17.9 U . 3 9.7 U . 6 7.9 10.7 8.4 8.4 11.8 9.4 19.3 4.5 11.9 15.3 31.3 16.8 7.7 12.7 U.3 U.l 17.5 10.0 10.7 15.9 6.2 ' 1.6 2.3 10.5 4.2 9.5 2.8 5.2 7.1 1.5 4.0 .5 - Relief workers, not included in above: Relief m a t e s .... •........... ............. Relief engineers........... ............. 1,540 1,046 5.8 4.6 4.5 4.6 2.3 2.3 2.6 2.3 .6 • If Includes all maritime employment as reported to the various vacation funds maintained jointly by the companies and the unions in the industry. Does not include shoreside employment or employment on inland, water ways or the Great Lakes or paid-vacation time. Employment on oil company tankers not covered by the funds was also excluded. 2/ Includes other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE B-6. ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT — ALL SEAMEN, ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST PORTS (Percentage distribution of all seamen employed any time during the year in the United States Maritime Industry by number of days of seagoing employment, 1/ July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) Primary rating Averse Number days of worked seamen during year 30 Under and 30 under days 60 300 330 ??° ?60 over 12.1 12.5 12.7 7,x 2.8 14.7 io 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 }00 10.3 360 and All seamen (except pursers, relief men, and radio officers) ...... ................. 63.976 215 3.9 4.8 6.1 5.8 6.0 6 tJ 9.3 All licensed seamen 2a 3.3 4.8 5.7 6.2 5.6 7.6 10.1 12.3 15.4 9.7 2.6 6.6 4.9 2.8 4.2 3.2 5.4 1.0 7.7 6.6 6.2 9.2 11.8 5.7 2.8 4.3 6.2 6.6 7.8 9.6 6.9 7.7 1.4 9.2 5.9 7.7 9.1 9.1 9.5 8.5 13.7 13.0 13.9 15.6 18.2 17.5 16.1 12.9 13.8 23.2 10.5 17.2 16.3 14.1 10.3 12.4 9.2 10.5 11.8 10.9 9.7 11.2 12.4 14.4 3.9 3.3 8.4 4.3 3.8 •8 .7 .... .......... . 10,889 231 Deck department 2/ ....................... Masters ............................... Chief mates ........................... Second m a t e s .......... .............. . Third mates ........................... Fourth mates ............ ...... ........ i.,684 7U 927 1,044 1,209 765 236 250 253 245 228 199 1.6 1.4 1.1 .5 3.3 1.3 2.9 1.1 4.8 2.1 6.5 5.0 9.8 4.3 2.9 4.5 5.2 Engine department 2/ ..................... Chief engineers.......... .......... .. First assistant engineers............. Second assistant engineers............ Third assistant engineers •............ Junior third assistant engineers ....... 6,205 1,106 1,026 1,402 1,336 917 228 254 240 225 230 193 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.7 4.8 3.6 .7 1.6 4.7 3.5 6.5 4.6 2.9 3.1 4.0 3.6 8.7 6.3 2.2 6.4 7.3 6.9 6.3 53,087 211 4.3 5.1 6.3 Deck department 2 / ....................... Bosuns ......... .......... .......... . Deck maintenance..... . Able-bodied seamen ........ . Ordinary seamen................... . 18,587 1,440 2,140 9,607 4,520 214 233 216 224 192 3.2 4.8 2.8 .9 6.5 2.3 3.5 7.5 6.2 Engine department 2/ ................ ••••• Electricians......... ........... . Oilers ............................... Firemen, vater tenders ................ Wipers............................ 14,880 930 4,480 3,760 3,820 209 228 224 210 178 4.7 2.0 4.5 3.2 7.9 Stewards department g/ ................... Chief stewards, all ships .............. Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ........... Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ... Msssmen, all s h i p s .................... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker .. 19,620 1,300 700 860 9,460 960 211 276 228 185 199 222 4.9 7.0 4.2 - 1,155 694 76 70 All unlicensed seamen ................. 4.0 5.2 9.2 5.6 4.3 5.7 5.4 4.8 10.0 8.1 5.8 7.0 8.7 11.7 ea 10.4 8.7 10.5 10.8 12.3 10.5 11.8 15.3 17.2 17.5 10.5 15.2 11.4 17.0 11.8 14.6 7.0 9.2 15.2 24.1 14.8 17.4 9.1 12.2 8.8 9.2 12.5 6.3 9.5 7.5 2.0 .9 2.5 .6 5.3 - 5.8 6.0 6.7 9.7 10.4 12.1 12.2 6.5 2.9 6.3 6.9 7.5 4.8 7.5 4.8 5.6 1.9 4.4 7.1 6.5 1.4 7.5 6.7 6.6 7.0 8.3 7.5 6.5 7.5 10.2 10.0 12.9 13.5 12.2 11.1 9.7 18.1 12.5 9.7 14.0 6.5 15.0 8.4 15.0 10.2 10.8 13.1 15.8 12.7 9.3 9.3 11.1 10.6 11.9 6.9 11.1 6.5 7.5 4.9 1.7 2.8 2.8 1.7 •4 4.6 6.1 .9 3.2 8.9 5.8 4.1 5.4 4.8 7.9 6.9 4.1 5.4 7.4 9.4 6.3 8.2 4.0 6.9 7.3 5.8 4.1 5.8 5.9 7.3 10.8 11.0 14.0 4.1 22.4 6.1 10.7 13.4 17.4 10.1 14.9 14.9 8.4 12.6 7.3 5.8 3.1 2.9 7.0 5.9 8.3 6.7 1.5 7.0 9.1 6.2 5.9 1.5 2.9 11.6 7.6 2.1 5.3 3.1 11.4 2.3 5.7 4.2 7.0 3.1 14*3 7.0 7.8 6.2 29.9 18.2 43.2 16.1 19.9 6.1 12.1 4.3 8.1 10.4 6a 6.9 5.9 4.3 10.1 8.4 10.3 10.8 3.1 20.0 2.9 9.3 9.3 8.7 11.8 10.4 18.7 12.1 10 a 14.3 9.8 11.7 9.4 10.8 14.3 12.5 9.0 7.9 6.0 4.1 6.7 6.4 3.1 3.4 6.1 3.6 1.6 2.6 9.9 12.3 7.7 16.9 14.3 2.9 18.6 14.0 8.9 11.0 8.3 10.4 13.4 20.0 3.6 2.3 12.7 18.7 6.5 20.0 2.9 4.7 4.4 2.1 3.6 9.2 17.1 2.1 4.2 - - - Relief workers, not included in above: Relief mates ............................ Relief engineers •••••.............. ..... 4.3 4.6 1.7 3.5 2.6 1.2 .9 - ] J Includes all maritime employment as reported to the various vacation funds maintained jointly by the companies and the unions in the industry.. Does not include shoreside employment or employment on inland waterways or the Great Lakes or paid*'vacation time. Employ ment on oil company tankers not covered by the funds was also excluded. Z j Includes other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE B-7. ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT j - ALL SEAMEN, WEST COAST PORTS (Percentage distribution of all seamen employed any time during the year in the United States Maritime Industry by number of days of seagoing employment, 1/ July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) Primary rating All seamen (exceot pursers, relief men, and radio officers) ....................... Average Number days worked of seamen during year 19.985 30 Under and 30 under days to 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 3-30 360 ' and 99 1% 159 199 219 201 _ 4.5 6 #* $.4 6 tJ 7.1 M 9.4 249 279 300 12.4 330 360 9.7 5.2 M l over All licensed seamen.... ......... ........... 3,739 238 2.0 2.4 5.7 3.3 5.5 7.0 5.9 10.1 10.0 15.8 19.5 8.1 4.3 Deck department 2/ ..•••••••••••••••.... . Masters.............................. Chief m a t e s .......... Second mates ........ ........... . Third mates Fourth mates ............... ........ . 1,635 290 335 295 395 295 236 263 261 242 223 193 1.5 1.5 1.7 2.5 1.7 2.4 3.0 3.4 1.3 5.1 9.2 6.9 4.5 6.8 11.4 16.9 3.4 6.8 3.3 6.8 5.2 5.2 8.6 1.7 6.0 4.5 5.1 7.6 3.8 1.7 10.2 4.3 1.7 3.0 3.4 6.3 6.8 9.3 11*6 8.6 12.1 10.4 7.5 8.5 10.2 7.6 15.2 13.6 13.6 15.6 24.1 10.4 16.9 16.5 8.5 18.7 17.2 28.4 23.7 15.2 10.2 9.2 12.1 16.4 10.2 6.3 1.7 4.0 6.9 4.5 3.4 2.5 3.4 Engine department 2/ ......... ............ Chief engineers.............. . First assistant engineers .............. Second assistant engineers •••.•••••••••• Third assistant engineers.... . Junior third assistant engineers ....... 2,104 272 323 440 448 520 239 279 251 254 233 216 2.3 2.9 2.4 3.6 3.1 2.3 2.4 1.3 5.4 - 3.0 3.6 1.3 4.6 4.2 2.9 4.9 1.3 1.3 6.2 5.7 8.4 2.9 9.8 4.9 3.6 5.5 7.1 8.9 9.2 13.8 7.2 7.3 3.6 10.7 9.2 10.3 8.7 3.8 8.8 2.4 4.9 16.4 14.5 5.4 3.9 6.2 15.4 16.0 32.4 19.5 16,4 14.3 7.7 20.2 26.5 31.7 23.6 16.1 13.3 7.2 5.2 4.9 5.5 12.5 6.2 4.6 3.3 4.9 3.6 3.6 4.6 16,146 193 5.1 6.9 6.6 6.9 7.4 8.3 10.2 10.1 12.9 11.9 7.4 4.5 1.3 Deck department 2 / .................... . Bosuns ........ ....................... Deck maintenance ........................ Able-bodied seamen ........ ..... . Ordinary seamen....................... 6,026 237 971 2,918 1,346 196 193 226 209 139 3.1 6.6 2.4 9.3 2.9 1.9 4.2 3.3 14.6 6.5 12.2 2.2 5.3 12.5 6.6 4.9 2.9 6.2 10.9 8.0 7.9 3.2 7.3 9.3 11.1 7.3 7.3 11.5 12.3 8.4 12.1 12.0 9.9 11.4 14.6 11.5 12.5 8.3 13.3 12.2 13.0 14.4 9.7 12.4 17.1 23.1 12.5 2.6 6.3 4.9 7.7 7.7 1.9 4.2 7,3 2.2 5.3 1.0 1.2 2.9 1.0 .5 Engine department 2 / ........ ............ Electricians .......................... Oilers.................... ........... Firemen, vater tenders .......... . Wipers ........................ ....... 4,866. 259 1,309 1,141 1,275 197 201 208 204 175 5.2 8.1 4.8 4.3 6.0 6.0 2.7 4.8 4.3 3.3 7.4 5.4 5.9 7.4 12.5 6.6 2.7 3.2 6.7 11.5 6.8 8.1 8.0 6.1 6.6 9.6 7.7 5.4 13.5 7.0 12.3 8.0 10.4 8.5 4.4 7.9 13.5 3.6 7.4 4.4 15.7 16.2 15.0 14.7 14.8 12.8 10.3 12.3 16.6 9.3 9.4 3.1 11.8 9.3 8.8 4.2 5.4 5*9 3.1 3.8 .7 1.2 .5 Stewards department 2/ .................... Chief stewards, all chips •••••.....«... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker.......... . Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker •• Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ... Messmen, all ships ............... ..... 5,254 349 338 202 342 2,417 186 191 190 220 134 191 7.4 7.7 8.0 8.8 5.5 8.1 1.4 5.9 2.5 8.3 3.0 5.8. 7.4 11.7 1.4 4.1 13.6 5.0 7*4 5.3 4.4 3.0 6.2 7.3 9.1 16.0 12.0 9.5 4.4 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.3 9.1 5.4 9.7 5.7 3.0 9.9 16.1 10.1 10.6 7.7 9.5 9.9 10.3 11.7 9.9 P.2 11.3 14.9 4.4 11.5 10.4 9.2 17.3 23.3 14.6 9.7 6.9 7.2 9.5 7.4 5.8 6.9 5.1 9.2 1.5 5.0 1.5 6.2 2.1 1.4 1.5 4.4 1.7 385 352 79 45 11.7 6.3 14.3 - 5.2 - 5.2 4.5 3.9 2.6 4.5 All unlicensed seamen ••••••...... - Relief workers, not included in above* Relief m a t e s .......... .............. . 35.1 15.6 63.6 13.6 6.5 6.8 _ - - 1/ Includes all maritime employment as reported to the various vacation funds maintained jointly by the companies and unions in the industry. Does not include shoreside employment or employment on inland waterways or the Great Lakes or paid-vacation time. Employ ment on oil company tankers not covered by the funds was also excluded. Z j Includes other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE B-8. ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT — MEAN AND MEDIAN AVERAGE DAYS EMPLOYED (Number of seamen and mean and median average days of employment 1/ in the United States Maritime Industry during the year, July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) All seamen Rating Humber of seamen Industry connected seamen Average number of days Mean Median Number of seamen Average number of days Mean Median All seamen (except pursers and relief men)..................... ............. 35.541 212 229 64.583 243 256 All licensed seaman ................... . 16,308 233 255 12,727 253 276 Deck department 2 / .................... Masters .......... ................ Chief mates..... .............. . Second mates ....................... Third mates.... .................. Fourth mates.... .................. Radio officers ............. ........ 7,999 1,004 1,262 1,339 1,604 1,060 1,680 235 254 255 244 227 193 234 259 276 230 271 247 210 269 6,140 794 1,007 1,099 1,194 670 1,331 261 274 276 264 254 235 261 279 288 299 281 267 239 283 Engine department 7j ................... Chief engineers .................... First assistant engineers........... Second assistant engineers ........... Third assistant engineers.......... .. Junior third assistant engineers ...... Licensed junior engineers ........... 8,309 1,378 1,354 1,342 1,334 1,437 456 231 259 243 232 231 201 201 251 279 265 253 244 206 239 6,587 1,194 1,136 1,544 1,468 945 300 255 276 257 253 253 235 246 273 288 279 272 265 240 264 69,233 207 223 51,856 239 252 Deck department £ / ............ ....... Bosuns ............................ Carpenters.... ................... Deck maintenance................... Able-bodied seamen... .............. Ordinary seamen..... .............. 24,613 1,727 640 3,111 12,525 5,366 210 228 219 219 220 180 225 244 227 233 236 187 19,037 1,485 565 2,616 10,192 3,784 237 250 228 233 240 226 250 256 236 249 252 2a Engine department ...... ............ Electricians ...................... Second electricians ................ Oilers.................... ...... Fireman, water tenders ....... ....... Vipers........ .......... ...... . 19,746 1,239 662 5,789 4,901 5,095 206 222 216 221 208 177 222 250 227 237 221 130 14,690 916 586 4,727 3,699 3,195 240 257 229 244 237 230 251 268 237 252 249 236 Stewards department g / ................ Chief stewards, all ships ........... Chefs, passenger.... .............. Cooks, passenger ................... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker .......... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker •• Assistant oooks, passenger......... . Assistant oooks, dry-cargo and tanker ... Stewards, passenger................ Valters, passenger.... &............ Messmen, all ships ...... ........... Bellboys, passenger......... ....... 24,374 1,649 830 505 1,038 1,162 560 1,202 1,455 1,495 11,877 440 205 253 261 249 216 222 241 134 211 187 195 137 221 285 283 263 209 231 255 201 236 189 215 215 18,129 1,494 730 455 795 857 480 842 1,060 975 8,607 330 2a 273 269 264 235 247 264 219 243 224 229 238 255 294 288 271 243 255 270 242 271 242 235 235 All unlicensed seamen...... ......... . 1/ The mean number of days employed is the arithmetical average and the median number of days employed the point below and above which~50 percent of the seamen were employed. The employment includes all maritime employment as reported to the various vacation funds maintained jointly by the companies and the unions in the industry. Does not include shoreside employment or employment on inland waterways or the Great Lakes or paid-vacation time. Employment on oil company tankers not covered by the funds was also excluded. 2/ Includes other ratings in addition to those shown separately. O TABLE B-9. ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT — ALL SEAMEN BY NUMBER OF QUARTERS EMPLOYED \ (Number of seamen and average days worked during the year in the United States Maritime Industry by number of calendar quarters in which they were employed at least 1 day, July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) One quarter Primary rating Number Average of days seamen worked i/ Number of seamen Average Number days of worked seamen All seamen (except pursers and relief pn) ................ ................. 85.541 212 7.090 All licensed seamen ...................... 16,308 233 876 45 Deck department g / ....... ............ Masters .......................... Chief mates....................... Second mates...................... Third mates ......... .............. Fourth mates ....... ....... ........ Radio officers ..................... 7,999 1,004 1,262 1,339 1,604 1,060 1,680 235 254 255 244 227 198 234 496 65 40 75 90 80 146 48 72 a 44 42 51 44 Engine department g/ ................... Chief engineers •••••............... First assistant engineers ............ Second assistant engineers ........... Third assistant engineers........... Junior third assistant engineers...... Licensed junior engineers ........... 3,309 1,378 1,354 1,842 1,334 1,437 456 231 259 243 232 231 201 201 380 40 24 74 66 120 48 69,233 207 6,214 Deck department g/ ..................................... Bosuns ........................... Carpenters........................ Deck maintenance.................. . Able-bodied seamen .................. Ordinary seamen .................... 24,613 1,727 640 3,111 12,525 5,866 210 228 219 219 220 180 1,349 95 7 121 625 840 Engine department g / . .. ................................ Electricians ................ Second electricians................ Oilers ............................ Firemen, water tenders............. . Wipers ........................... 19,746 1,239 662 5,739 4,901 5,095 206 222 216 221 208 177 Stewards department g/ ............ ..... Chief stewards, all ships ............... Chefs, passenger ................... Cooks, passenger ................... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker .......... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker .. Assistant cooks, passenger .......... Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ... Stewards, passenger................ Waiters, passenger ................. Messmen, all ships ................. Bellboys, passenger ................ 24,874 1,649 830 505 1,038 1,162 560 1,202 1,455 1,495 11,877 440 1,540 1,046 All unlicensed seamen ................... Two quarters Three quarters Average Number days of worked seamen Average days worked Four quarters Number of seamen Average days worked 56.Z65 264 92 12.6A.7 1,563 103 2,160 172 n,709 276 721 50 105 80 155 180 151 103 92 no 95 93 104 114 1,036 140 105 270 205 196 182 200 188 193 189 158 175 5,746 749 1,002 1,079 1,089 595 1,187 278 291 287 274 270 259 283 40 27 a 45 33 43 43 842 104 112 164 176 188 98 104 127 116 100 103 98 84 1,124 136 178 266 256 230 58 162 188 147 160 162 157 181 5,963 1,098 1,040 1,338 1,336 899 252 274 289 277 272 270 255 281 38 7,776 90 10,487 163 44,756 261 53 44 36 2,763 148 94 337 1,201 923 90 94 88 89 93 88 3,672 241 128 439 878 165 169 176 181 166 152 16,329 1,243 4U 2,214 8,828 3,225 259 268 265 255 261 251 1,366 75 28 399 393 761 39 36 45 35 42 37 2,303 147 62 540 432 867 93 101 79 103 98 85 3,182 176 137 811 1,018 748 164 176 169 168 164 150 12,395 8a 435 4,039 3,058 2,719 263 270 261 265 260 253 205 258 261 249 216 222 241 184 211 187 195 187 2,499 89 5 30 42 70 35 160 140 190 1,093 100 35 54 54 30 29 46 30 29 33 35 36 26 2,710 78 40 10 88 125 15 125 105 185 1,584 20 87 89 126 138 100 98 94 87 80 88 87 107 3,633 196 100 45 231 120 75 240 200 230 1,899 65 159 171 183 180 152 178 195 160 171 136 153 189 16,032 1,286 685 420 677 847 435 677 1,010 890 7,301 255 263 296 282 276 264 260 272 248 257 254 254 256 77 61 260 324 7 11 235 136 20 26 175 194 55 35 870 392 117 128 39 QA 33 9.339 115 1,871 Relief workers, not included in abovet Relief mates....... ................. Relief engineers ..................... _1/ Includes all maritime employment as reported to the various vacation funds maintained jointly by the companies and the unions in the industry. Does not include shoreside employment or employment on inland waterways or the Great Lakes or paid-vacation time. Employ ment on oil company tankers not covered by the funds was also excluded. 2/ Includes other ratings in addition to those shown separately. TABLE B-10. ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT— ALL SEAMEN BY QUARTERS EMPLOYED, ATLANTIC AND GULF COAST PORTS (Number of seamen and average days worked during the year in the United States Maritime Industry by number of calendar quarters in which they were employed at least 1 day, July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) Primary rating One quarter Two quarters Number Average days of Number Average Number Average days seamen worked g/ days of of seamen worked seamen worked Three quarters Number of seamen Average days worked Four quarters Number of seamen Average days worked All seamen (except pursers, relief men, and radio officers) ....... ••••••••••..... 63.976 ,- -215 9.184 164 . .43.064.: All licensed seamen.......... ........... 10,889 231 501 43 1,140 101 1,524 171 7,724 275 Deck department g/ .................... Masters .......................... Chief nates....................... Second nates ............ .......... Third mates....................... Fourth mates.................... . 4,684 714 927 1,044 1,209 765 236 250 253 245 228 199 225 50 20 55 60 40 48 70 40 45 38 42 450 50 100 60 110 130 1C1 92 113 90 92 108 640 90 80 75 215 180 184 196 199 192 193 157 3,369 524 727 854 824 4.5 276 292 284 274 269 262 Engine department g / ......... ......... Chief engineers........... ........ First assistant engineers........... Second assistant engineers .......... . Third assistant engineers ........... Junior third assistant engineers.... . 6,205 1,106 1,026 1,402 1,386 917 228 254 240 225 230 193 276 32 16 66 34 96 39 31 52 45 33 40 690 88 88 148 128 156 101 125 117 95 97 99 384 136 146 178 224 166 162 188 146 154 164 155 4,355 850 776 1,010 .1,000 499 273 286 276 268 268 265 53,087 211 4,420 37 5,667 87 7,660 162 35,340 267 Deck department g / .................... Bosuns ........................... Deck maintenance ................... Able-bodied seamen •«............... Ordinary seamen................. . 18,587 1,440 2,140 9,607 4,520 214 233 216 224 192 1,380 60 100 520 560 42 58 52 44 35 2,007 120 260 907 580 87 98 76 91 82 2,720 220 320 1,360 640 170 172 183 171 157 12,480 1,040 1,460 6,820 2,740 271 272 259 265 255 Engine department g/ .................. . Electricians......... ........... Oilers...... ;................... Firemen, water tenders.............. Vipers... ....................... 14,880 980 4,480 3,760 3,820 209 228 224 210 178 1,280 40 280 260 560 38 39 37 40 34 1,680 140 400 320 580 91 98 104 94 83 2,300 120 580 780 580 161 174 165 164 146 9,620 680 3,220 2,400 2,100 264 275 266 258 251 Stewards department g/ .... .......... Chief stewards, all ships........... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker.......... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker .. Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ... Messmen, all ships .................. 19,620 1,300 700 960 860 9,460 211 276 228 222 185 196 1,760 40 34 59 60 100 780 45 27 36 1,980 20 40 100 100 1,300 85 54 103 98 88 87 2,640 140 180 80 160 1,460 156 173 153 175 159 148 13,240 1,100 480 720 500 5,920 264 3d 267 259 244 255 1,155 694 76 70 165 164 6 16 190 96 18 30 130 146 57 32 670 288 113 132 All unlicensed seamen ................... 4,321 _ 38__ - - 6.807 90___ 268... Relief workers, not included in abovej Relief mates ........ ........... . Relief engineers............... ..... 1/ Includes all maritime employment as reported to the various vacation funds maintained jointly by the companies and the unions in the industry. Does not include shore side employment or employment on inland waterways or the Great Lakes or paid-vacation time. Em ployment on oil company tankers not covered by the funds was also excluded. 2/ Includes other ratings in addition to those shown separately. Data on radio officers were not available by coasts and are, therefore, not in this tabulation. TABLE B—11. ts9 ANNUAL EMPLOYMENT — ALL SEAMEN BY QUARTERS EMPLOYED, WEST COAST PORTS (Number of seamen and average days worked during the year in the United States Maritime Industry by number of calendar quarters in which they were employed at least 1 day, July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) One quarter Primary rating Number Average of days seamen worked \J Number of seamen All seamen (except pursers, relief men, All licensed seamen ........................ Two quarters Average Number days of worked seamen Average days worked Three quarters Number of seamen Four quarters Average I Number days 1 of worked seamen Average days worked 19.885 201 2,023 40 2.381 97 3,267 166 12.214 258 3,739 238 229 50 272 106 440 174 2,798 276 54 77 43 41 50 61 120 5 20 45 50 95 55 no 95 93 200 50 35 30 55 25 184 208 163 196 175 168 1,190 225 275 225 265 180 277 288 293 277 274 253 1,608 248 264 328 336 400 274 297 282 286 277 243 Deck department 7 j ... ,................. Masters.... ....................... Chief mates •........................ Second mates ........................ Third mates........................ Fourth mates .......... .............. 1,635 290 335 295 395 295 236 263 261 242 223 193 125 15 20 20 30 40 Engine department g/ .................... Chief engineers ...................... First assistant engineers ............. Second assistant engineers ............ Third assistant engineers .............. Junior third assistant engineers....... 2,104 272 328 440 448 520 239 279 251 254 233 216 104 8 8 8 32 24 44 13 19 49 33 56 152 16 24 16 48 32 114 134 no 142 120 95 240 32 88 32 64 166 157 173 149 163 All unlicensed seamen. ............ .......... 16,146 193 1,794 39 2,109 96 2,827 164 9,416 252 Deck department g / ... ............... Bosuns ........ ......... ..... . . Deck maintenance ..................... Able-bodied seamen ........... ...... Ordinary seamen ........ .............. 6,026 287 971 2,918 1,346 196 198 226 209 139 469 35 21 105 280 40 61 45 38 756 28 77 294 343 101 78 132 100 98 952 21 n9 5n 238 153 135 176 155 141 3,849 203 754 2,008 485 244 249 247 247 227 Engine department g/ ................... . Electricians..... .......... Oilers..... ......... .............. Firemen, water tenders..... .......... Wipers ............................. 4,866 259 1,309 1,141 1,275 197 201 208 204 175 586 35 119 133 201 42 32 32 47 48 623 7 140 112 287 97 171 100 in 89 882 56 231 238 168 171 179 175 164 163 2,775 161 819 658 619 261 246 261 267 260 Stewards department g f ...... ............ Chief stewards, all ships .......... . Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ..... ..... . Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker .... Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ..... Messmen, all ships .................. . 5,254 349 338 202 342 2,417 186 191 190 220 184 191 739 49 42 10 60 313 37 50 29 51 33 39 730 58 48 25 25 284 91 101 98 993 56 51 40 80 439 169 166 147 184 163 169 2,792 186 197 127 177 1,381 256 264 258 268 258 254 385 352 79 45 95 160 8 6 45 40 27 17 45 51 43 200 104 131 n7 a - 101 85 91 - Belief workers, not included in above: Belief mates ........... ......... ..... Relief engineers ....... ....... . 48 1/ Includes all maritime employment as reported to the various vacation funds maintained jointly by the companies add the unions in the industry. Does not include shoreside employment or employment on inland waterways or the Great Lakes or paid-vacation time. Employ ment on oil company tankers not covered by the funds was also excluded. 2/ Includes other ratings in addition to those shown separately. Data on radio officers were not available by coasts and are, therefore, not in This tabulation. TABLE B -I2 . NUMBER OF TRIPS PER YEAR (Percentage distribution of industry connected seamen by number of trips No trips of 10 or more days Average number of trips -64.583 6.7 0.2 2.A 5.2 12,727 6.4 0.2 3.7 6.3 9.6 Deck department 2/ ..................... Masters.... ........................ Chief mates.......................... Second mates................... . Third mates .......................... Fourth mates .......................... Radio officers ................... . 6,140 794 1,007 1,099 1,194 670 1,331 6.7 7.4 7.7 7.0 6.1 5.2 6.7 - 4.1 2.5 4.0 7.3 5.9 3.0 1.3 4.8 1.9 2.5 4.1 4.6 11.9 5.3 8.5 11.3 2.5 5.5 12.6 14.9 7.4 Engine department g/ ...................... Chief engineers ....................... First assistant engineers ............... Second assistant engineers ............... Third assistant engineers ............... Junior third assistant engineers.......... Licensed•junior engineers ............... 6,587 / 1,194 1,136 1,544 1,468 945 300 6.2 7.2 6.2 6.5 5.9 5.2 6.4 .4 .5 .5 2.7 3.3 .7 4.4 3.2 4.4 4.2 2.7 7.6 6.4 7.9 5.3 7.3 11.9 8.7 10.6 5.7 10.2 10.6 13.4 13.8 3.0 All seamen (except pursers and relief men)..... All licensed seamen.................. . during the year, July 1, 1956__June 30, 1957) Number of trips of 10 or more days Number of seamen Primary rating U 1 2 3 6 7 1§t?, A?t,4 12,$ 11.1 13.1 12.9 10.9 10.7 7.4 13.3 16.4 9.2 12.1 8.3 11.4 10.9 15.5 10.4 13.1 11.2 6.7 10.7 12.7 12.3 11.0 19.3 14.1 13.1 10.0 13.6 15.5 19.7 10.7 4 10.0 5 8 9 10 19*1, 3.1 6,4 4.6 11.7 9.6 4.1 5.5 12.1 3,2 19.9 10.0 11.3 9.0' 13.1 12.9 13.9 14.4 9.1 3.4 15.7 16.5 11.1 3.3 11.2 19.1 10.1 9.0 7.7 4.3 5.7 4.0 3.2 1.7 3.7 6.5 13.7 14.9 13.7 13.5 10.6 17.4 13.3 10.6 12.7 14.1 12.0 9.9 4.2 5.3 8.3 12.7 7.7 6.7 9.4 6.3 - 4.0 4.7 4.9 4.7 1.6 2.5 10.7 16 or more 12 13 3.4 3.0 1.3 1.2 0.8 2.5 5.9 7.4 4.9 4.5 5.4 2.2 9.3 4.1 6.9 4.0 6.3 .3 2.2 3.3 2.9 7.6 1.0 1.4 3.4 1.5 3.1 1.7 1.3 2.0 1.4 2.9 1.4 .9 - .3 3.0 1.0 2.7 .9 .8 1.3 - 3.0 5.0 7.0 3.2 1.7 . 1.1 5.2 8.2 7.0 4.1 5.3 2.6 - 2.3 3.5 2.1 3.1 2.2 2.5 5.3 3.2 4.0 1.4 3.6 3.3 .3 8.0 .9 .7 1.4 1.0 .5 .3 - 1.5 3.4 1.4 1.0 .5 .3 2.7 .7 .7 1.4 .5 1.1 - 1.9 2.0 1.4 3.6 1.1 .3 2.7 11 14 15 1.6 -ill- M . 4t2 All unlicensed seamen... .................... 51,856 6.3 .1 2.1 5.0 3.3 13.4 13.4 12.6 10.6 7.3 6.6 4.3 3.2 2.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 4.6 Deck department 2 / ....... ............... Bosuns ....... ......... ......... ••••• Carpenters .......... •••»..... . Deck maintenance ....................... Able-bodied seamen.................... . Ordinary seamen....................... 19,037 1,485 565 2,616 10,192 3,734 6.5 6.9 5.8 6.3 6.6 6.4 .1 1.2 .2 2.3 1.9 3.6 2.6 1.2 6.2 2.3 15.6 6.2 4.7 10.5 8.6 5.5 15.3 8.9 7.2 12.7 14.6 13.1 19.5 14.0 14.3 14.2 14.1 11.8 7.3 17.6 14.8 10.5 12.2 10.8 14.5 8.5 14.1 10.3 11.7 12.3 2.5 11.4 13.5 8.3 6.6 8.6 3.3 8.8 5.2 8.1 5*3 7.2 4.3 6.6 5.4 5.5 4.6 5.0 5.6 4.9 3.7 3.7 2.7 1.3 4.1 3.2 2.3 9.4 1.5 2.3 2.6 1.5 1.3 3.5 1.2 3.2 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.1 1.1 . 1.5 1.2 1.1 2.7 2.7 7.1 2.3 2.4 3.2 Engine department g/ ...................... Electricians .... . Second electricians .................... Oilers ............................. Firemen, water tenders.................. Vipers .............................. 14,690 916 586 4,727 3,699 3,195 6.9 7.2 6.6 7.3 6.5 6.8 .3 .1 1.1 - 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.1 2.5 4.4 6.7 7.0 3.6 3.7 4.3 9.0 5.2 9.4 9.8 10.2 7.3 13.1 15.4 14.0 9.3 16.3 11.2 13.3 9.0 13.0 12.2 14.4 17.7 12.2 12.6 12.8 15.6 3.0 13.1 9.9 8.1 9.2 11.7 10.6 9.5 8.9 12.4 12.6 3.0 9.1 8.0 6.6 6.6 6.0 5-0 7.7 7.5 5.6 8.3 3.4 5.0 5.5 7.1 3,3 2.2 2.2 6.6 3.3 2.0 - 1.0 1.9 4.5 4.5 3.3 2.5 4.4 3.4 1.6 2.0 2.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 .6 3.4 2.1 .5 .6 3.7 2.2 3.4 5.1 1.6 3.8 Stewards department g / .................... Chief stewards, all ships ................ Chefs, passenger «..................... . Cooke, passenger ....................... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ............ . Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker ....... Assistant cooks, passenger ............... Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker..... Stewards, passenger ......... ..... ••*.... Walters, passenger............ ......... Mesemsn, all ships ..................... Bellboys, passenger ....... ............ 18,129 1,494 730 455 795 857 480 842 1,060 975 8,607 330 7.1 7.2 8.1 8.2 6.1 6.7 8.5 5.7 9.5 8.8 6.5 10.8 .1 - 2.4 2.0 2.2 3.5 9.5 .5 4.1 2*6 1.5 4.1 4.1 2.7 1.1 6.2 2.9 1.2 2.8 2.6 5.7 8.3 7.1 8.9 3.3 9.7 5.3 1.0 11.3 6.6 7.2 11.0 13.6 12.3 13.3 8.2 8.8 17.6 11.3 19.3 16.6 7.5 4.6 14.7 1.5 12.3 15.9 11.0 13.2 18.5 15.8 16.7 13.1 11.3 10.8 13.4 1.5 13.3 10.0 24.7 14.3 5.3 18.7 11.3 10.4 8.7 14.7 19.7 10.1 8.0 2.7 16.5 21.4 11.7 16.7 11.9 9.4 8.7 8.5 1.5 8.1 8.0 3.2 9.9 5.0 2.3 12.5 10.3 6.6 11.8 8.9 6.1 3.0 7.4 2.7 10.7 8.9 8.8 4.4 8.2 3.1 2.3 12.3 12.5 3.0 9.5 8.5 .5 8.7 4.1 6.9 « 2.6 6.1 - 2.2 7.0 2.7 4.7 3.8 6.2 .7 18.2 2.1 1.7 8.2 4,4 2.3 3.8 1.4 6.1 1.5 1.3 2.5 2.3 5.7 4.1 .9 • 2.2 2,7 2.7 2.3 4.2 3.3 2.1 1.9 “ 2.2 1.3 2.7 2.3 8.3 3.3 2.1 1.6 - 7.4 4.0 8.2 13.2 2.5 8.3 2.4 45.1 14.4 4.4 24.2 1/ Actual sea voyages could not be identified on the vacation^fund records used. For purposes of the study of the number of trips, ships, and companies by which seamen were employed, each entry in the record that covered a period of 10 or more days was arbitrarily considered as a trip. Entries covering less than 10 days were not counted as trips, to minimize the effect of relief jobs, short-term port jobs, or supplementary retroactive payments. From the basic trip data, seamen were then classified as to the number of different ships and companies for which employed (tables B-13 and B -14). For definition of industry connected seamen, see footnote 2, table B -l. 2/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. S3 TABLE B—13. NUMBER OF SHIPS PER YEAR (Percentage distribution of industry connected seamen by number of ships sailed on 1/ during the year, July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) Primary rating Number of seamen Average number of ships on Number of ships sailed < No trips of 10 or more days 1 2 3 All seamen (except pursers and relief men) .......... ...................... 64.583 2.4 0.2 All licensed seamen...... ,............. 12,727 2.1 0.2 36.2 32.6 18.5 Deck department £ / ................... Masters ......................... . Chief mates ...................... Second mates ..................... Third mates.... .................. Fourth mates............ ......... Radio officers........... ..... . 6,H O 794 1,007 1,099 1,194 670 1,331 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.3 1.8 - 40.3 41.4 42.6 37.3 38.5 22.4 51.8 32.9 29.6 30.3 34.0 39.7 44.8 24.3 Engine department 2 / ... ........ ..... Chief engineers ................... First assistant engineers ........... Second assistant engineers .......... Third assistant engineers ........... ^ Junior third assistant engineers.... . Licensed junior engineers ........... 6,587 1,194 1,136 1,544 1,46a 945 300 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 •4 .5 .5 2.7 32.4 40.0 29.4 28.6 33.5 30.9 32.7 All unlicensed seamen.......... ......... 51,856 2.4 .1 Deck department 2 / ...... ............ Bosuns ............. .............. Carpenters....................... Deck maintenance ................ . Able-bodied seamen............ . Ordinary seamen ........ ........... 19,037 1,485 565 2,616 10,192 3,784 2.6 2.4 1.9 2.7 2.6 2.9 .1 1.2 .2 Engine department 2 / ................. Electricians........... ........ . Second electricians ................. Oilers .......................... Firemen, water tenders......... .. Wipers.......................... 14,690 916 586 4,727 3,699 3,195 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.9 Stewards department 2 / ................ Chief stewards, all ships ........... Chefs, all passengers..... ......... Cooks, passenger ................... Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ......... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker ..... ...... ......... ..... Assistant cooks, passenger ..... ..... Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker .. Stewards, passenger................ Walters, passenger................. Messmen, all ships.............. . Bellboys, passenger ..... ........... 18,129 1,494 730 455 795 857 480 842 1,060 975 8,607 330 5 6 or more A.3 2.4 8.6 2.7 1.1 15.7 17.0 12.4 18.7 13.8 16.4 15.6 7.8 6.9 8.9 8.2 6.3 12.7 5.6 2.5 2.5 4.5 1.8 .8 3.7 2.0 .9 2.5 1.3 .8 .8 32.4 35.8 35.9 30.6 28.7 33.2 30.0 21.1 15.4 22.7 26.6 22.6 17.0 16.0 9.4 6.0 7.0 10.1 10.1 13.5 10.7 2.9 2.0 3.5 1.6 2.2 5.3 8.0 1.4 .7 1.4 2.1 2.3 - 27.7 31.1 22.6 11.2 4.6 2.7 22.3 30.4 29.7 21.7 24.0 15.2 31.2 29.0 45.8 29.7 31.2 29.6 23.9 18.6 20.7 26.9 22.2 27.7 12.9 12.6 2.5 12.6 13.5 H.4 6.0 8.1 - 3.7 1.3 5.3 5.8 7.9 3.3 .3 .1 1.1 - 21.9 34.3 25.4 23.1 17.4 17.5 30.0 31.1 32.9 28.5 32.1 24.9 26.3 23.6 28.8 28.4 25.6 28.5 12.7 6.7 7.0 13.1 12.0 16.4 5^6 4.4 1.2 3.4 8.5 8.2 3.2 • 4.6 3<4 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.4 .1 • 38.2 47.0 49.3 48.4 20.8 31.9 34.9 33.6 35.2 38.7 18.3 13.1 6.2 15.4 27.3 8.0 4.7 5.5 1.1 10.7 2.7 2.5 1.1 2.7 - 2.2 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.6 2.3 1.5 “ 29.2 50.0 37.4 52.4 59.0 28.6 59.1 40.5 32.3 30.5 27.8 25.1 33.1 28.8 15.8 9.4 21.4 13.7 12.8 21.9 12.1 9.9 8.3 7.7 1.9 1.0 11.6 - 2.3 2.3 3.0 4.2 2.1 2.9 - • - r 1/ For method of determining number of ships sailed on, see footnote 1, table B-12 see footnote 2, table B -l. 2/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. 4 3.8 2.4 .3 4.9 3.3 4.4 • 1.9. - For definition of industry connected seamen, TABLE B—14. NUMBER OF EMPLOYERS PER YEAR (Percentage distribution of industry connected seamen by number of employers 1/ during the year, July l f 1956— June 30, 1957) Primary rating m 1 4 Numhai* All seamen (except pursers and relief men)..... ........................... Average No trips number of 10 or of more days employers — ■2.0 0.2 1 Number of employers 6 or more 1 2 3 4 41.7 29.4 17.2 7.7 2.6 _ 1.3 0.4 5 All licensed seamen ........... i........ 12,727 1.6 0.2 64.2 21.8 9.8 2.8 0.8 Deck department 2 / ................... Masters .......................... Chief mates ....................... Second mates ..................... Third mates...................... Fourth mates..................... Radio officers.... ............... 6,H O 794 1,007 1,099 1,194 670 1,331 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.7 _ . - 65.9 77.3 80.1 70.9 64.4 42.5 56.3 24.1 22.7 16.9 20,0 26.4 38.1 25.6 7.4 3.0 8.2 6.7 12.7 12.8 2.1 .9 2.1 6.7 3.8 .4 .4 1.4 - Engine department g / ................. Chief engineers ................... First assistant engineers ........... Second assistant engineers .......... Third assistant engineers ........... Junior third assistant engineers.... . Licensed junior engineers.......... . 6,587 1,194 1,136 1,544 1,468 945 300 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.4 .4 .5 .5 2.7 62.6 79.2 68.0 59.3 54.8 50.7 68.0 19.6 16.8 17.1 18.8 20.4 25.4 21.3 12.1 3.4 10.7 13.6 17.2 16.3 5.3 3.5 .7 2.1 6.2 3.8 4.2 2.7 1.2 2.1 1.6 3.4 - .7 1.6 1.6 - 51,856 2.2 .1 36.2 31.3 19.0 8.9 3.0 1.5 Deck department 2 / ................... Bosuns ........................... Carpenters ....................... Deck maintenance ........... Able-bodied seamen....... ......... Ordinary seamen ................... 19,037 1,485 565 2,616 10,192 3,784 2.3 2.3 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.6 .1 1.2 .2 30.6 32.3 45.5 31.3 32.9 21.1 31.8 29.5 .38.6 32.5 30.6 33.7 20.6 19.4 12.2 19.3 20.4 24.3 11.1 3.7 2.7 2.0 16.2 2.5 12.3 10.3 12.9 - - 3.1 3.7 4.4 1.5 2.0 3.4 Engine department 2 / ............... ... Electricians................ ..... Second electricians..... .......... Oilers.................. '....... Firemen, water tenders........ ..... Wipers.......................... H,690 916 586 4,727 3,699 3,195 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.5 2.5 .3 .1 1.1 - 32.4 40.9 46.4 31.6 25.5 27.5 29.9 33.3 20.1 30.6 31.4 27.9 21.7 16.3 28.8 21.7 23.3 24.4 9.7 9.5 4.6 10.9 9.2 12.6 4.1 2.8 7.2 5.6 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.9 Stewards department g/ ................ Chief stewards, all ships........... Chef8, passenger .................. Cooks, passenger .................. Cooks, dry-cargo and tanker ......... Cooks and bakers, dry-cargo and tanker........... ......... . Assistant cooks, passenger .......... Assistant cooks, dry-cargo and tanker .. Stewards, passenger ................ Waiters, passenger ................. Messmen, all ships ................ Bellboys, passenger ............... 18,129 1,494 730 455 795 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.6 2.1 .1 - 45.0 58.9 55.5 51.6" 26.3 31.8 29.4 27.4 33.0 43.5 15.0 8.4 8.9 15.4 19.5 6.0 3.0 5.5 10.7 1.4 .3 2.7 _ 857 480 842 1,060 975 8,607 330 2.1 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.5 2.1 1.5 32.9 50.0 47.7 64.2 65.6 35.1 65.2 40.3 37.5 22.0 19.8 23.1 35.6 22.7 15.2 8.3 22.0 12.3 8.7 18.0 12.1 7.0 4.2 8.3 1.9 .5 8.4 — 4.7 All unlicensed seamen................. . - - - - - - .7 - - - 1.9 2.1 1.6 — - 1.5 — 1_/ For method of determining number of employers, see footnote 1, table B-12. see footnote 2, table B -l. 2/ Includes data for other ratings in addition to those shown separately. For definition of industry connected seamen, Cn TABLE B—15. ANNUAL EARNINGS — INDUSTRY CONNECTED SEAMEN- (P ercen ta g e d istribu tion of industry connected seam en ih 6 s ele c te d ratings of the United States M aritim e Industry by amount of annual m aritim e earn ings, 2/ July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) Primary rating i— ■• $ 4 $ $ l— $ $ i— $ $ $ % * % $ $ t * Number Average Average Under 1,000 1,50C 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000 10,500 11,000 and days annual $ of and seamen worked earnings 1,000 under 1,500 2,OOC 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000 10,500 11,000 over All ports Second mates....,........... Third assistant engineers ...... Able-bodied seamen ........... Oilers ................... Cooks 2 / ........... ...... Msssmen .............. ..... 1,099 1,46* 10,192 4,727 1,250 8,607 267 256 239 245 249 225 $8,110 7,032 4,607 4,315 5,345 3,285 0.9 .6 1.0 1.7 1.3 5.3 1.7 1.0 3.3 1.6 5.8 1.4 1.4 0.5 2.3 0.9 4.1 0.9 1.4 3.6 .6 1.7 1.7 3.9 .6 3.9 2.3 7.3 5.5 3.2 3.2 6.2 8.3 9.9 11.7 14.7 10.9 13.4 2.0 3.3 5.9 3.4 12.1 17.9 13.4 10.9 8.5 3.1 8.0 5.9 13.4 11.3 2.9 7.5 3.4 5.5 11.2 10.7 20.1 9.1 16.2 8.5 3.1 3.5 3.6 8.4 7.2 6.6 7.1 .2 5.4' 7.3 5.8 4.3 5.5 - 8.6 3.4 2.6 .3 8.8 .2 8.6 8.1 .4 .8 2.9 .3 5.9 9.0 12.2 8.5 10.5 7.0 _ .2 •2 .1 1.7 2.9 1.7 - 7.1 4.5 _ _ 1.7 - 4.6 9.0 5.4 4.7 4.7 - 9.8 6.8 2.3 .8 9.3 - 9.2 7.9 5.2 3.6 12.1 8.5 11.1 7.9 _ .8 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 - . - 6.3 4.6 2.3 - 2.3 - 6.2 3.7 1.7 8.3 4.3 . • 8.3 2.2 1.5 - 8.1 1.7 2.1 - 5,4 2.2 _ .4 9.0 3.5 •2 1.7 - 6.3 1.5 8.7 3.1 2.3 “ Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports Second mates ............... Third assistant engineers ..... Able-bodied seamen ••••*....... Oilers................... Cooks 2 / ................ Messmen ................... 859 1,092 7,767 3,740 920 7,000 269 256 244 246 258 225 $8,140 7,024 4,511 4,257 5,442 3,213 1.2 .7 .3 1.3 - 6.1 1.5 .3 3.6 6.9 1.2 2.3 1.2 4.6 1.2 1.2 4.6 .7 2.2 1.5 2.2 .7 3.7 3.0 3.3 4.4 3.1 3.3 7.0 8.5 10.0 12.4 16.7 10.0 14.2 2.3 3.9 5.5 9.1 12.5 19.5 U.1 8.6 6.2 2.3 9.3 7.0 16.3 11.6 2.3 7.0 7.0 3.5 12.1 11.3 21.1 3.7 16.5 7.8 2.6 3.5 3.5 9.0 5.5 7.0 7.0 - - 8.1 1.5 - - - West Coast ports Second mates ............... Third assistant engineers Able-bodied seamen........... Oilers .................... Cooks 2 / .................. Messmen................... 240 376 2,425 987 330 1,607 263 258 227 240 225 224 $7,999 7,056 4,906 4,540 5,094 3,558 1.7 3.5 4.5 2.7 2.1 2.2 1.7 3.4 2.1 .7 5.8 1.6 13.2 6.2 _ 2.5 .7 5.2 7.7 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.2 . 2.2 3.7 4.3 2.2 4.3 8.7 6.5 3.9 7.6 9.3 9.7 8.5 13.5 10.8 12.7 7.8 5.7 10,6 11.3 10.6 19.9 17.0 5.0 4.5 3.0 6.1 10.6 4.5 8.8 12.1 7.6 .8 8.6 16.5 10.7 15.3 11.3 4.9 3.6 8.3 4.2 2.2 13.0 7.0 3.4 2.8 .7 7.6 7.6 1.2 " .7 4.5 1.6 3.3 10.4 12.5. 8.7 3.7 4.3 .3 .8 .7 4.5 ~ 2.1 4.3 1.5 10.4 4.3 .3 — \_! For definition of industry connected seam en , s e e footnote 2, table B - l. 2/ Includes a ll m aritim e earn ings for em ploym ent w ith com panies contributing to the various vacation funds m aintained jointly by the com panies and the unions in the industry. D oes not include incom e from sh o resid e em ploym ent or em ploym ent on inland w aterw ays or the Great L akes or vacation paym ents. Income from w ork on o il company tankers not covered by the funds, if any, was a lso excluded. 3 / Includes c h ief cooks on cargo v e s s e ls and com parable ratings on p a ssen g er v e s s e ls . D oes not include seam en c la ss ifie d as cooks and b ak ers. TABLE B—16. ANNUAL EARNINGS — A LL SEAMEN (P ercen ta g e distribu tion of a ll seam en in 6 se le c te d ratings em ployed any tim e during the year in the United States M aritim e Industry by amount of annual m aritim e earn ings, !_/ July 1, 1956— June 30, 1957) 1.500 2.000 2,500 3,000 8 1 8 C c*\ Primary rating *------ A $ Number Average Average Under 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 and days annual of seamen worked learnings 1,000 under $ % $ $ $ 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 1,000 f ,500 7,000 7,500 1,000 f ,500 9,000 ft 9,500 fo,ooo $10,500 $11,000 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500 9,000 9,500 10,000 10,500 11,000 and over All ports Second mates ............... Third assistant engineers ..... Able-bodied seamen .......... Oilers ................... Cooks 2/ .................. Messmen .................. 1,339 1 , 834' 12,525 5,799 1,5 A3 11,377 24* 233 220 222 229 194 2.6 $7,499 2.6 6,390 5.2 4,234 7.0 3,918 4,893 5.5 2,306 14.9 0 .4 2.6 3.2 5.3 2.3 10.3 3.7 1.9 4.2 3.3 .7 6.6 1.5 2.2 4.4 3.7 4.1 9 .7 2.2 3.5 6.3 6 .7 9.9 9.2 2.2 3.0 2.6 4 .4 9.0 8.8 3.3 10.9 5.5 13.8 16.4 7.3 4 .4 0 . 7 5.0 2.6 9 .9 13.3 15.6 11.9 9 .4 2 .4 13.0 6 .8 1 .9 3.7 8.0 5.3 9.5 11.5 9.1 7.1 7.3 7.1 2.3 2.6 3.3 7.7 6.0 5.6 6.4 .1 4 .4 5.8 5.0 3.6 4 .7 - 7.3 7.2 2 .7 .6 8.3 .2 7.8 6.5 .3 .6 2 .4 .3 5.6 7.3 .2 7.8 8.8 .2 1.3 - 5.2 7.3 _ 10.7 6.1 6.2 4.1 6 .7 1.3 5.9 1.3 2 .4 “ 1.3 .1 1.3 7.4 2.7 .2 1 .7 1.3 - - .3 • 7.6 9.3 10.0 7.1 7.1 2.5 - - - - _ _ - - Atlantic and C-ulf Coast ports Second mates..... .......... Third assistant engineers ..... Able-bodied seamen ........... Oilers ................. . Cooks 2/ ............................................... Messmen................... 1,044 1,336 9,607 4,480 1,060 9,460 2 48 233 223 226 247 195 $7,519 6,384 4,138 3,910 2.3 2.3 5.3 5,201 6.0 2.0 2,759 14.6 _ 2.3 3.2 5.3 - 12.3 4.3 1 .9 4 .4 3.1 - 5.3 3.3 2 .9 3.9 6.0 11.3 2.0 12.0 6.0 13.0 10.2 9.6 16.8 7.0 2.3 4 .0 4.0 1.9 4.1 7.0 1.9 3.5 9.5 9 .3 4 .7 4 .8 0 .9 2 .9 17.3 12.7 13.4 6 .4 10.1 15.0 10.0 2.0 1.9 4.3 8.9 4.6 8.9 12.3 7.3 5.3 2.8 3.4 4.5 6.0 8.0 6.0 6.0 1.9 2.5 - 3.8 9.0 7.1 6.0 4.4 2.5 4.0 .7 4.0 10.0 - - 8.5 6.2 _ 2.0 _ 2.0 _ 2.0 - - - 5.1 7.3 1 .4 .5 3.1 6.8 8.5 7.3 .7 3.1 " .7 6.2 . 2.0 - 5.6 4.2 _ 2.0 - 6 .6 1.2 . 2.0 - 1.2 . _ _ - - 2.0 - West Coast ports Second mates ............... Third assistant engineers ...... Able-bodied seamen........ . Oilers ................... Cooks 2/ .................. Messmen................. . 295 448 2,918 1,309 483 2,417 246 $7,427 234 209 208 189 190 6,406 4,547 3,946 4,271 2,989 1.7 3.6 5.0 10.6 12.8 15.8 1.7 1.8 3.2 3 .7 7.0 4 .9 1.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 2.1 11.7 6.8 1.8 1.8 5.8 2.7 8.5 7.6 4.1 9.1 5.2 7.6 3.4 3 .4 7.3 7.4 5.3 4.6 14.7 _ 1.8 8.6 9.6 5.2 3 .4 5.5 9.2 9.6 3.3 8.6 11.6 1 .3 7.9 9.1 3.1 8.4 1 .7 1.7 5.5 7.3 11.5 9.2 15.0 13.4 6.0 9.3 3 .7 2 .7 5.1 5.5 10.3 4.3 7.2 .6 6.8 3.4 1.8 10.9 6.9 3.1 .5 2.1 6.2 6.2 * .9 1.2 7.3 .7 . - 13.6 5.5 _ .5 “ 3.5 3.6 _ - 6.8 1.8 _ 1 .0 • 1.7 3.6 _ 1.0 - 8.5 3.6 .7 _ 1/ Includes a ll m aritim e em ploym ent as reported to the various vacation funds m aintained join tly by the com pan ies and the unions in the industry. D oes not include em ploym ent or incom e from sh o resid e or inland w aterw ays o rG rea t Lakes em ploym ent or paid vacations. E m ploym ent on oil com pany tankers not covered by the funds was a lso excluded. 2 / Includes c h ief cooks on ca rg o v e s s e ls and com parable ratings on p assen ger v e s s e ls . D oes not include seam en c la ssifie d as cooks and bak ers. <1 00 TABLE B—17. ANNUAL EARNINGS — BY QUARTERS EMPLOYED ^A verage days em ployed and annual m aritim e earnings 1/ for seamenj em ployed any tim e during the year by number of calendar quarters in w hich they w ere em ployed for s ele c te d ratihgs and by coast, July 1, 195b—June 3 0, 1 95 7) Primary rating 1 Number of seamen Average days worked Three quarters Two quarters One quarter Average annual earnings Number of seamen Average days worked Average annual earnings Number of seamen Four quarters Average annual earnings Number of seamen 210 168 168 169 164 151 ♦6,502 4,634 3,257 2,928 3,353 2,132 1,079 1,336 8,328 4,039 1,097 7,301 276 272 261 269 270 250 203 164 172 167 169 146 ♦6,526 4,469 3,190 2,783 3,327 1,990 854 1,000 6,820 3,220 820 5,920 275 271 264 270 272 249 231 186 153 174 151 163 ♦6,428 5,493 3,411 3,314 3,421 2,505 225 336 2,008 819 277 1,381 278 277 250 263 263 252 Average days worked Average days worked Average annual earnings All ports Second mates ............................ Third assistant engineers.................. Able-bodied seamen ........................ Oilers ......................... ....... Cooks 2/.......... .................... Messmen *................................ 75 66 625 399 72 1,093 46 33 47 40 35 32 ♦1,347 868 859 682 752 494 80 176 1,201 540 98 1,584 96 103 95 101 101 82 ♦2,692 2,806 1,843 1,698 2,022 1,138 105 256 1,871 811 276 1,899 *8,363 7,467 5,029 4,755 5,848 3,636 Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports Second mates ............................ Third assistant engineers .................. Able-bodied seamen ....... ....... ....... Oilers ................................ Cooks 2 / ............................... Msssmen.... ........................... 55 34 520 280 780 48 33 48 44 . 30 ♦1,391 901 863 743 484 60 128 907 400 40 1,300 92 97 94 101 103 81 ♦2,539 2,667 1,815 1,658 1,902 1,122 75 224 1,360 530 200 1,460 ♦8 ,3a 7,437 4,900 4,693 5,303 3,549 West Coast ports Second mates ............... .......... . Third assistant engineers ........... ....... Able-bodied seamen........................ Oilers ............................. . Cooks g / ..... .......................... Msssmen ............ .................. . 20 32 105 119 72 313 a 33 39 33 35 36 ♦1,228 833 sa 567 752 514 20 48 294 140 58 284 110 121 97 102 100 85 ♦3,150 3,174 1,932 i,8a 2,091 1,252 30 32 511 231 76 439 ♦8,446 7,562 5,468 4,995 5,978 4,019 1/ Includes all m a ritim e em ploym ent as reported to the various vacation funds m aintained join tly by the com panies and the unions in the industry. Does not include em ploym ent or incom e from sh o resid e or inland w aterw ays or Great Lakes em ploym ent or paid vacation s. E m ploym ent on o il company tankers not covered by the funds was a lso excluded. 2/ Includes c h ief cooks on ca rg o v e s s e ls and com parable ratings on passen ger v e s s e ls . D oes not include 3eam en c la ss ifie d as cooks and bak ers. TABLE C-l. INCOME SECURITY AND VACATION BENEFITS (P r o v isio n s for join tly a d m in istered w elfare, pension, and vacation funds for seam en at time of survey and subsequent changes) Welfare and pension plans Vacation plans Coast Union MMfcP Effective Employer date contribu tion R0U Atlantic and Gulf 6-16-56 10-1-57 Pacific 6-16-56 6-16-57 6-16-58 6-16-59 Atlantic and Gulf 6-16-56 6-16-57 6-16-58 6-16-59 Pacific 6—16—56 6-16-57 6-16-58 6-16-59 Atlantic and Gulf 6-16-56 6-16-57 6-16—58 6-16-59 Pacifie 6-16-56 6-16-57 6—16—58 6-16-59 All 9- 1-55 BHD All BME All M5BA ARA tl.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.60 Insuran3e In Depend ents hospital Disa Life Accident Dismem berment hospitali disa bility zation bility • Pension i/ X X X X X X X X X X y X X X X X Y X Y X X X X X Y X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X x X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Years Amount of service (month) Employ ment Age security Surgical Other X X X X £100 100 100 100 150 150 100 100 150 150 100 100 150 150 130 180 225 225 180 180 225 225 100 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 U 15 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 The welfare and pension benefits are provided for by contributions from the employee as well as the employer. Employees are eligible to enter plan after 5 years of service with the company. | 1 11 1 I! 11 1I | 1 1 No funds for Welfare and Pensions. Benefits provided direc:tly by the compan:Les. Atlantic and Gulf 6-16-56 1.25 6-16-57 1.25 6-16-58 1.25 1.05 Atlantic and Gulf 10-1-56 siu 2/ 1.28 SUP Pacific 10-1-56 10-1-57 I/-1.28 1.28 MFOW Pacific 10-1-56 1.28 10-1-57 1.28 M3S Pacific 10-1-56 1.28 10-1-57 NMU X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X i 1 X X ~x 1 1 Employer contribution 8% of base pay %/ 8% of base pay 2/ tl.60 a day 1.60 a day . 1.60 a day 1.60 a day 8% of base pay 8% of base pay 8% of base pay 8% of base pay tl.25 a day 1.25 a day 1.25 a day 1.25 a day of base pay 9&% of base pay 9» of base pay 9s% of base pay tl.AO a day 1.40 a day 1.40 a day 1.40 a day (SA Number of days at base pay for 360 days employment 2/ Regular One employer 14 14 14 14 30 30 14 14 30 30 14 14 30 30 14 14 30 30 14 14 30 30 28 28 28 28 28 48 60 28 28 48 60 28 28 48 60 28 28 48 60 28 28 48 60 (5/) Vacation plan operated by the companies, 23 days at base pay after 1 year, 35 days after 2 years. 1 1 20 65 55 20 65 65 20 100 65 Disability only 20 100 65 20 100 65 20 100 65 100 20 65 20 100 65 20 100 65 (5/) 28 (5/) of base pay 6% of base pay 6$ of base pay t0.90 a day t0.50 a day 0.50 a day 2/ t0.50 a day 0.50 a day 2/ ,t0.65 a day 0.65^a day 2/ 14 14 30 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 28 28 (6/) 28 21 21 21 21 21 21 6% 1/ Data shown are for n orm al r etir em en ts. A ll pension plans made p rovision s for ea rly retir em en t on reduced pensions and for d isability. A ll plans provide for accum ulated vacation tim e being availab le on a pro rata b asis after 90 days' em ploym ent. In order to qualify for the longer vacation period, the seam an m ust have continuous em ploym ent w ith 1 com pany for 360 d ays. Table B - 1 4 shows the proportion in each rating that worked for only 1 company. Only a fraction of th ose, how ever, had 360 days' continuous em ploym ent. Regular vacation benefits do not req uire continuous em ploym ent. 3/ 12 percent for m a s te r s. 4 / Plus 1 year each y ea r sin ce 1955 until 25 y e a rs. 5 / Com panies pay vacation benefits d ir e c t to em p lo y ees. A fter 1 year of s e r v ic e with 1 com pany, vacation accum ulates at the rate of 56 days per year. ~E/ Upon com pletion of 360 days w ith 1 com pany, an em p loyee r e c e iv e s 15 days for the next su cceed in g 180 days of em ploym ent. If em ployee has been in continuous em ploy of 1 em ployer for 3 y e a rs, he is entitled 45 days for the third and each subsequent year of continuous em ploym ent. 7/ In August 1958, the SIU signed a m em orandum of understanding with som e operators in c r e a sin g c er ta in vacation and fringe benefits and paym ents to the funds. ? / A lso provides for an additional 5 cen ts per day for a fund for a m ed ical cen ter. 9 / Adjusted as required. Changed to $ 0 . 60 a day on N ovem ber 1, 1957. T! NOTE: X indicates benefits provided. 81 Appendix A: Scope and Method of Survey The su rv e y o f seam en* s em p loy m en t and e a r n ings in the m a ritim e in d u stry c o n s is te d of 3 d istin ct p a rts— a v e ra g e d a ily ea rn in gs as found in s e le c te d trip s (in clu din g se p a ra te data on p re m iu m pay), an nual e m p loy m en t, and annual e a rn in gs. A ll 3 s e g m ents o f the study w e r e con d u cted on a sam p le b a s is , but the pu blish ed r e s u lts a re e stim a te s of the em p loy m en t and ea rn in gs o f a ll sea m en , not m e r e ly th ose in the s a m p le s. In e v e r y c a s e , the sam p le m e m b e rs w e re given the w eight re q u ire d to r e p r e s e n t the e n tire group fr o m w h ich they w ere s e le c te d . B e ca u se o f rounding, sum s o f individual p erce n ta g e e stim a te s do not n e c e s s a r ily equal 100. P a y r o ll P e r io d . — T o a v oid the p r o b le m o f changes in w age ra tes during the tr ip , the c o m panies op era tin g the s e le c te d ships w e re re q u e ste d to fu rn ish the B u r e a u s fie ld re p re s e n ta tiv e s with the la s t p a y ro ll fo r the s p e c ifie d ship ending p r io r to June 1, 1957. 23 T o obtain p r o p e r re p re se n ta tio n of sea m en ’ s earn in gs in p o rt as w e ll as at se a , the com p a n ies w e re a ls o re q u e ste d to fu rn ish data on the sep a ra te p o rt p a y r o lls , if any, that p r e c e d e d the s e le c te d sea t r i p . 24 Data fo r the 2 p a y ro lls w e re co m b in e d and when p o s s ib le , the data fo r an individual seam an w e re co m b in e d . When d iffe re n t sea m en held the sam e p e titio n on the 2 p a y r o lls , th eir earn in gs w e re com b in e d to re p r e s e n t 1 s e a m an’ s e a rn in g s. D a ily E arn in gs S eam en C o v e r e d . — This seg m en t o f the study c o v e r e d sea m en in a ll ratin gs e x c e p t m a s te rs and ca d e ts . On p a s s e n g e r sh ip s, data f o r e m p lo y e e s o f c o n c e s s io n a ir e s and fo r e n te rta in e rs, su rg eon s and n u rses w e re a ls o om itted. A sam p le o f ships in the M a ritim e A d m in is tr a tio n 's V e s s e l In ven tory R e p o r t o f M ay 1957 was s e le c t e d to r e p r e s e n t a ll a ctiv e seagoing, ships of 1, 000 o r m o r e g r o s s to n s, e x c e p t tankers o p era ted by o il co m p a n ies o r th e ir s u b s id ia rie s f o r th eir own use and a ll G overn m en t o p e ra te d sh ips m anned by c i v i l se rv a n ts. The e stim a te d n u m ber o f ships r e p re s e n te d and the p r o p o rtio n s o f the v a rio u s c a t e g o r ie s o f ships in clu d ed *in the sa m p le a re shown in the a cco m p a n y in g ta b le. 23 N ew c o n tra cts a re u su ally e ffe c tiv e in June and O c to b e r . 24 A p r e lim in a r y study in d ica ted that the sa m e c r e w was m o r e lik e ly to be on the p o rt p a y r o ll p re ce d in g ra th er than fo llo w in g the sea v oy a g e. Universe and sample for study of daily earnings Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports All ports Item Within scope of study Studied ------------------------------------------ 877 253 Passenger -----------------------------------------Subsidized ---------------------------------------Nonsubsidized ---------------------------------- 41 31 10 T a n k ers--------------------------------------------- Within scope of study West Coast ports Studied Within scope of study Studied 624 171 253 82 18 15 3 31 24 7 14 12 2 10 7 3 4 3 76 28 61 22 15 6 Dry ca rgo------------------------------------------Subsidized ---------------------------------------Nonsubsidized ______________________ 760 278 482 207 70 137 532 206 326 135 48 87 228 72 156 72 22 50 By type: Victory (V C -2 ) -----------------------------Liberty (E C -2 ) ----------------------------0 2 ---------------------------------------------C-3 ---------------------------------------------Bulk c a r rie r ---------------------------------All o th e r -------------------------------------- 113 70 232 130 103 112 36 20 58 34 27 32 65 37 179 81 88 82 19 10 43 19 22 22 48 33 53 49 15 30 17 10 15 15 5 10 All ships 1 82 The d a ily earn in gs p re se n te d fo r lic e n s e d s e a m en as a group in clu d e data fo r p u r s e r s , who, te ch n ica lly , a re not lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s . N u m ber o f S ea m en . — The n u m ber o f sea m en r e p r e s e n t an a p p ro x im a tio n o f the num ber o f fu ll tim e se a m en r e q u ir e d to o p e ra te the ships within the s c o p e o f the su rv e y . When two o r m o re m en w e r e e m p lo y e d in the sa m e p o sitio n at d iffe re n t tim e s during the sea and p o rt p a y r o ll c o v e r e d , data fo r th ese w e re co m b in e d and cou n ted as 1 m an. Data f o r p o sitio n s fille d le s s than h a lf o f the total tim e o f the v oya g e (p o rt and sea p a y r o lls com bin ed) w e r e c a n c e le d . S in ce the ships w e r e studied on the b a s is o f th eir la st v oya ge ending p r io r to June 1, 1957, and the dates o f trip s exten ded o v e r s e v e r a l m onths the e stim a te s tend to o v e rsta te the num ber o f p o s itio n s r e q u ir e d as o f a sin g le day, sin ce som e v e s s e ls a re la id up at any one tim e . Ships la id up fo r a p e r io d o f 6 m onths p r io r to June 1, 1957, w e r e not in clu d ed in the study. O ccu p a tion a l C la s s ific a t io n . ---- S e a m e n w e re c la s s if ie d as r e p o r te d on the s h ip s 1 a r t ic le s e x cep t in so m e situ ation s w h e re te r m in o lo g y v a rie d am ong sh ip s. 1. If a seam a n spent tim e at m o r e than 1 r a t ing, he w as c la s s ifie d at the ratin g in w h ich he spent m o st o f his tim e. H is a v e ra g e d a ily ea rn in gs r e fle c te d his pay at a ll ra tin g s. 2. Ju n ior th ird m ates fou rth m a tes. 3. A l l r a d io o f f ic e r s w e r e grou ped in a sin g le c a te g o r y 4. F ou rth a ssista n t e n g in e e rs w e re c la s s ifie d as ju n io r th ird a ss is ta n t e n g in e e rs. 5. U tility m en in the d e ck and engine d e partm en ts w e r e c la s s ifie d as m aintenance m en. w ere c la s s ifie d as 6. C h ie f c o o k s w e r e c la s s if ie d as c o o k s . 7. Secon d c o o k and b a k er o r night c o o k and b a k er w e re c la s s if ie d as co o k s and b a k e rs. 8. S econ d o r th ird c o o k s w e re c la s s ifie d as a ssista n t c o o k s . 9. U tility m en in the stew a rd s w e re c la s s ifie d as m e s s m e n . 10. 11. dep artm en t A v e ra g e D a ily E a rn in g s. — A v e r a g e d a ily e a r n ings a re p re s e n te d on the b a s is o f days paid fo r ra th er than days w ork ed . Included in g r o s s e a r n ings in add ition to base pay w e r e : O v ertim e pay. P en a lty pay. S u p plem en tary paym ents (not a s s o c ia te d w ith s p e c ific h ou rs o f w ork) su ch a s: W a r -r is k bonus. P a y fo r se rv in g ex tra m e a ls . P a y fo r s e rv in g p a s s e n g e rs on ships not sta ffed f o r p a s s e n g e r s . P a y fo r d iv is io n o f w o rk under c e r ta in c o n dition s when ship d oes not have a fu ll c o m plem en t. P a y fo r hauling penalty type c a r g o e s . P ay fo r not getting cle a n lin en . N onw atch pay, to o l a llo w a n ce s , and u n iform a llo w a n ce s w e r e c o n s id e r e d as base pay and not in clu d ed under su p p lem en ta ry pay. S p e c ific a lly ex clu d ed fr o m a ll earn in gs quoted w e r e any a llow a n ces fo r b o a rd and lo d g in g s , tra v e l pay, and g ra tu itie s. G ro s s pay and o v e rtim e fo r c h ie f en g in eers in clu d es a llo w a n ce s fo r e x tra v a ca tio n pay w h ich a re m ade fo r o v e r tim e re p o rte d . G roup a v e ra g e s p re s e n te d in the tables w e re obtained by adding the in dividual d a ily a v e ra g e e a r n ings (o r hours) fo r ea ch seam a n and divid in g by the nu m ber o f sea m en r e p re s e n te d . C la s s ific a tio n by C o a s t . — Ships w e re c la s s ifie d by c o a s t a c c o r d in g to the p o rt o f d ep a rtu re at w hich the c r e w was o r ig in a lly sign ed on. Subsidy S tatus. — A ship w as c la s s ifie d a c c o r d ing to su bsid y status on the b a s is o f the individual trip studied. T ra d e R o u te s . — Data re p o rte d by a re a o f trade a re grou pin gs of the m o re co m m o n trade rou tes r e c o g n iz e d in the in du stry. Som e rou tes a re not re p r e s e n te d in the s e le c te d g rou p in gs. Seam en on p a s se n g e r ships w e re c l a s s i fie d in ratin gs c o n s id e r e d co m p a ra b le on c a r g o ships and tan kers e x ce p t fo r a few p a s se n g e r ship ratin gs s p e c ific a lly s e le c te d fo r sep a ra te study. South A m e r ic a n and C a rib b ea n in clu d e rou tes fr o m A tlan tic and Gulf C o a s t to both the E ast C o a s t and W est C o a st of South A m e r ic a and to the C a rib b ea n . Som e ratings^ p a r tic u la r ly on p a s se n g e r v e s s e ls , w e re c la s s ifie d on ly as ''o t h e r 11 but w e re in clu d ed in d ep a rtm en tal totals as w e ll as in the totals fo r lic e n s e d and u n licen sed sea m en . A tlan tic E u rope and United K ingdom inclu d e rou tes fr o m the A tlan tic and G ulf C oa sts to United K ingdom , Irelan d, S can d in avia, B a ltic Sea, G erm any, B elgiu m and N etherlands, A t lan tic F ra n ce and parts o f Spain. 83 M e d ite rra n e a n and A fr ic a in clu de rou tes fr o m A tla n tic and G ulf C o a st to M ed ite rra n ea n , B la ck S ea , P o rtu g a l, and p a rts o f Spain, a ll co a sts o f A fr ic a and M a d a g a sca r. P a c ific d a t a a r e p re se n te d se p a ra te ly fo r ro u te s fr o m E a st C o a st p o rts and W est C oa st p orts. They in clu de rou tes to the F a r E ast, A u stra lia , S traits S ettlem en ts, N eth erlan d s, E a st In d ies, India, P e r s ia n G u lf, and Red Sea. In te rco a sta l in clu d es rou tes betw een the A tlan tic Gulf1and P a c ific p o r ts but d oes not include c o a stw ise rou tes con fin ed to 1 c o a s t. N um ber o f P o r ts V is it e d . —The n u m ber o f p orts v is ite d a fte r lea vin g the o r ig in a l p o rt but not cou n t ing p o r t v is its m ade during c o a stw ise loading p r io r to d e p a rtu re. Annual E m ploym en t L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g re e m e n ts r e q u ire that the individual co m p a n ie s sh all pay a s p e c ifie d am ount o f m o n e y o r p e rce n ta g e o f b a se pay into one o f the v a rio u s v a ca tio n funds fo r ea ch day an em p loy ee c o v e r e d b y the fund is e m p lo y e d .25 The r e c o r d s o f th ese paym ents fo r individual sea m en in m o s t ca s e s fu rn ish ed the data u sed in this r e p o r t f o r e m p lo y m en t during the y e a r studied. The d e s c rip tio n o f this p a rt o f the su rv e y , th e r e fo r e , is e s s e n tia lly lim ite d to the co v e ra g e of th ese fu n ds. A lthough d iffe rin g in b e n e fits , a il of the funds fu rn ish ed a p p ro x im a te ly the sam e type o f data. A random sa m p le o f about 7 ,0 0 0 seam en was s e le c te d fr o m the v a rio u s fu n ds, u sin g the la st 2 digits o f the s o c ia l s e c u r ity n u m ber as the b a s is o f s e le c tio n . In the s m a lle r fu n ds, the sam pling ra tio w as g r e a te r in o r d e r to obtain a n u m ber la rg e enough to give a c c u r a te r e s u lt s . E ach fund, h ow e v e r , w as a p p r o p r ia te ly r e p re se n te d in the total e s tim a te s . P e r io d S tu died. — The em p loym en t estim a tes c o v e r the y ea r fr o m July 1, 1956, through June 30, 1957. T rip s extending b e fo r e and a fte r this p e r io d w e r e adju sted to r e f le c t on ly the days w ork ed d u r ing the study p e r io d . Ratings In clu d e d .— A ll ratin gs e x ce p t p u r s e rs w e re studied. Data on som e ratin gs not shown s e p a ra te ly w e re in clu ded in dep artm en tal totals and in totals f o r lic e n s e d and u n lice n se d sea m a n . Seam en w e r e c la s s ifie d a c c o r d in g to the ratin g in w hich they w e r e em p loy ed the g r e a te s t n u m ber o f days during the y e a r studied. 25 See se c tio n on In com e S e cu rity and V acation B e n e fits , p. 34. Scope o f E m p lo y m e n t.— Seam en who w ork ed at anytim e during the y e a r under an a g re e m e n t p r o v id ing fo r such a v a ca tio n fund w ere within the sco p e of the study. Data on em p loy m en t f o r sea m en in 1 lic e n s e d o ffic e r s union, w hich did not m aintain a sep a ra te v a ca tion fund, w e re obtained fr o m r e c o r d s of the em p loy in g shipping co m p a n ie s. Seam en s e le cte d in the sa m p le w e re c r o s s ch eck ed with the v a rio u s funds. E m ploym en t under any of the funds f o r the sam e sea m en was com b in ed . W ork in the m a r itim e in du stry not r e g u la rly c o v e re d by the fu n ds, such as shipping on the G reat Lakes and oth er inland w aterw ays and towing and p ilotin g s e r v i c e s , w e re not included as tim e e m p loy ed in the in d u stry. A ls o ex clu d ed was tim e on o il com pan y tankers not co v e re d b y the funds. S ea m en on som e o il com pan y tankers w e re c o v e re d by som e o f the fu n ds, h o w e v e r , and that em p loy m en t w as in clu d ed . The m a jo r d iffe r e n c e betw een the c o v e r a g e o f m en in clu d ed in the d a ily earn in gs part o f the annual em p loy m en t part o f the study was the in clu sio n o f the la tter group. A ch e ck of r e c o r d s m aintained b y the C oa st Guard in dicated that few sea m en tr a n s fe r r e d to (o r fr o m ) the m a ritim e in d u stry as studied and those seg m en ts o f the in d u stry w hich w e re ex clu d e d . The e ffe c t of these tr a n s fe r s on the em p loy m en t data shown w as n e g lig ib le . V acation tim e earn ed o r paid f o r was not in clu ded in the num ber o f days e m p lo y e d . C la s s ific a tio n of G r o u p s .— A seam an was c o n s id e re d in du stry con n ected fo r the w hole y e a r only if he had em p loy m en t so m e tim e in the fir s t h alf of 1956 and a fte r June 30, 1957. He was co n s id e re d as having b een em p loy ed in any 1 o f the 4 q u a rters o f the y ea r studied if he was em p loy ed fo r one o r m o r e days in that q u a rte r. It w a s, th e r e fo r e , th e o r e t ic a lly p o s s ib le fo r a seam an to have b een e m p lo y e d on ly 6 days during a 2 -y e a r p e rio d and be c la s s ifie d as in d u stry con n ected fo r the y ea r of study and em p loy ed in a il 4 q u a rte rs . C o n v e r s e ly , it w as p o s s ib le fo r a seam an to have a lm o s t fu ll em p loy m en t during the y ea r and not be co n sid e re d as in d u stry con n ected if he had no em p loy m en t in eith er the fi r s t h alf of 1956 o r a fte r June 30, 1957. C la s s ific a tio n o f C oa st o f E m p loy m en t.— T ran s f e r betw een co a s ts was freq u en t am ong the lice n s e d seam en*s funds but not com m on am ong the un lic e n s e d funds. In such c a s e s , the data w e re c o m bined and the seam a n c la s s ifie d a c c o r d in g to the c o a s t w h ere he was em p loy ed the m o s t tim e. N um ber of Ships, C om pa nies, and T r i p s .— A seam an w as c la s s ifie d a c c o r d in g to the num ber of d iffe re n t trip s and ships he was em p loy ed on and b y the num ber o f d iffe re n t com p a n ies that em p loy ed h im . F o r p u rp o se s of this study, paym ents fo r le s s than 10 days w ere not co n s id e re d in the counting of tr ip s , sh ip s, o r co m p a n ie s. T h e r e fo r e , p o rt p a y r o lls , r e l ie f o r standby jo b s , and oth er s h o r t -t e r m 84 em p lo y m e n t w a s not r e fle c t e d in the num ber of sh ip s, t r ip s , o r c o m p a n ie s . Such em p loy m en t w as cou n ted, h o w e v e r, in the tota l num ber o f days w o rk e d . o rig in a l sam p le w e r e a r r a y e d in o r d e r o f num ber o f days w o rk e d , and e v e r y secon d o r th ird seam an w as taken in the m o r e n u m erou s ra tin g s . E a rn in g s w e re obtain ed fo r ea ch trip the seam a n w a s on during the y e a r studied, July 1, 1956, th rou gh June 30, 1957. C o m p le te n e ss o f D ata. — A s in m o st c a s e s of re co r d k e e p in g , the e r r o r s d is c o v e r e d during the c o u r s e o f the su rv e y w e r e o f o m is s io n ra th er than d u p lica tio n . S e v e ra l step s w e r e taken, h o w e v e r, to c o r r e c t th is con d itio n . In m o st c a s e s , seam en*s a p p lica tio n s f o r v a ca tion w e r e co m p a r e d with p a y m en t r e c o r d s . T h is ch e ck fre q u e n tly c o r r e c t e d o m is s io n s . R ating C la s s ific a t io n . — A s in the study o f an nual em p loy m en t, a seam an w as c la s s ifie d at the rating at w h ich he spent m o st o f h is tim e , but e a r n in g s r e fle c t in co m e fr o m any oth er ra tin gs he m ay have w o rk e d at during the y e a r . In a ll c a s e s , the sam p le m e m b e r s w e r e tr a c e d by th e ir s o c ia l s e c u r ity n u m b ers through a ll v a c a tion funds to c o n so lid a te th e ir e m p loy m en t data. R e c o r d s o f the C o a st G uard w e r e ch e ck e d fo r th ose se a m en w h ose r e c o r d s in the v a ca tion funds w e r e not c o m p le te . S am ples o f oth er seam en*s r e c o r d s w e r e a ls o ch e ck e d at the C o a st Guard to d e te rm in e the a c c u r a c y o f the data c o lle c t e d . An a n a ly sis o f the r e s u lts o f the added data obtained fr o m C o a st G uard r e c o r d s in d ica te d that the u n d er statem en t o f em p loy m en t w h ich w as due to o m is sio n s in the s o u r c e r e c o r d s am ounted to l e s s than 1 p e r c e n t o f the tota l em p loy m en t fo r the y e a r . C om p a n ie s a r e not r e q u ir e d to r e p o r t seam en*s em p loy m en t to the C o a st G uard, e x ce p t w hen the sea m en a re under a r t i c le s . The C o a st G uard r e c o r d s , t h e r e fo r e , do not a lw a y s in clu d e s h o r t -t e r m em p lo y m e n t on p o r t p a y r o lls o r r e l ie f w o rk . Annual E a rn in gs Annual e a rn in g s data w e r e c o lle c t e d fo r only 6 o f the ra tin g s studied in the annual em p loy m en t part o f the s u r v e y . The sco p e o f the 2 p arts w e re o th e rw ise id e n tic a l. Sam pling P r o c e d u r e . — A sub sam p le o f the s e a m en studied in the annual e m p loy m en t p a rt o f the su rv e y w as s e le c t e d to obtain e a rn in g s fr o m the in divid u a l com p a n ies* s o c ia l s e c u r ity r e c o r d s . B e fo r e s e le ctin g the su b sa m p le, the sea m en in the E a rn in gs In clu d e d . — The e a rn in g s in clu d ed in the annual e a rn in g s s e c tio n a r e the sam e a s th ose d e s c r ib e d f o r the d a ily ea rn in g s (page 81). They in clu d e a ll sh ip boa rd pay in clu d in g r e l ie f o r standby a s s ig n m e n ts . E a rn in gs fo r s h o r e -g a n g w o rk w e r e a ls o in clu d ed i f they w e r e a m in o r p art o f the s e a m e n ^ ea rn in g s and c o v e r e d b y the v a ca tion funds. S p e c ific a lly ex clu d e d w a s v a ca tion p a y or any a llo w a n ce s not d ir e c t ly a s s o c ia te d w ith a ship p a y r o ll. P a y m en ts w e re a d ju sted to r e p r e s e n t on ly that em p loy m en t that o c c u r r e d during the y e a r studied, r e g a r d le s s o f w hen the paym ents w e re m a d e. W hen r e c o r d s fo r a m in o r p art o f a seam an*s ea rn in g s cou ld not be lo c a te d the am ount w as e s tim a ted on the b a s is o f oth er e a rn in g s at the sam e ra tin g . In no c a s e did su ch e stim a te d ea rn in g s e x ce e d 5 p e r c e n t o f the seam an*s e a rn in g s . T im e E m p lo y e d . — See explan ation under Annual E m p loy m en t. The d iffe r e n c e betw een the e stim a te o f days em p lo y e d in the annual em p loy m en t ta b le s and the annual earn in gs ta b le s a re due p r im a r ily to c o r r e c t io n s o f em p loy m en t data w hen annual e a r n in g s data w e r e b ein g c o lle c t e d . Som e o f the d if fe r e n c e , h o w e v e r, m ay b e due to sam pling e r r o r sin ce a su bsam ple was u sed in the annual ea rn in gs study o f som e o f the ra tin g s . 85 Appendix B: Descriptions of Selected Ratings M a ster (C aptain) P u r s e r or P u r s e r /P h a r m a c is t - Continued In com m a n d o f ship; c h ie f n a v ig a tor; r e s p o n sib le fo r d isc ip lin e and o r d e r , sa fe ty o f ship, p a s s e n g e r s , c r e w and c a r g o ; is so le r e p r e s e n ta tiv e o f ship’ s o w n e r. In co n su lta tion w ith C h ief O ffic e r , a rra n g e s o rg a n iza tio n a l a ssig n m e n ts o f duties fo r sh ip ’ s o p e ra tio n , n a v ig a tion , and m a in ten an ce. When s e r v i n g in the c a p a c i t y o f P u r s e r / P h a r m a c is t, is re s p o n s ib le f o r m e d icin e ch e st, f i r s t - a i d trea tm en t, and* in ju ry r e p o r ts in addition to the oth er d u ties. D eck D epartm ent C h ief M ate (F ir s t M ate or C h ief O f f ic e r ) A c ts as M a s te r ’ s f ir s t a ssista n t; in ch a rg e o f a ll d e ck w o rk and r e s p o n s ib le fo r hull m ain ten an ce, c a r g o planning; a s s is t s w ith n a viga tion , d is c ip lin e , and o r d e r . S econ d M ate (Secon d O f f i c e r ) A s s is t s w ith n a viga tion and c a r g o w ork ; in ch a rg e o f m a ils ; r e s p o n s ib le fo r c a r e and m a in te nan ce o f a ll navigating equipm ent and c h a rts ; u sually stands 4 to 8 w atch in ch a rg e o f navigating b r id g e . T h ird M ate (T h ird O f f ic e r ) R e s p o n s ib le fo r m ain ten an ce o f life b o a ts and fire fig h tin g equipm ent; a c ts a s sign al o f f i c e r in ch a rg e o f a ll sign alin g equipm ent; a s s is t s w ith c a r g o w o rk ; u su ally stands 12 to 4 w atch in ch a rg e o f navigatin g b r id g e . F ou rth o r Junior T h ird M ate (F ou rth O ffic e r ) A s s is t s in su p e r v is io n o f d e c k departm ent a c tiv itie s and w o r k d e ta ils . In ch a rg e o f navigating b r id g e when standing w atch , u su a lly 8 to 12. R a d io O ffic e r P e r fo r m s a ll du ties r e q u ir e d fo r the op era tion and m ain ten an ce o f r a d io and other e le c t r o n ic c o m m u n ica tion s d e v ic e s ; m aintains depth r e c o r d in g equipm ent and e le c t r o n ic n avigation al aid s such as R ada r and L o rn a . S e r v ic e s e m e r g e n cy b a tte rie s and life b o a t t r a n s c e iv e r s . H andles a ll co m m u n i ca tio n s at the d ir e c tio n o f the M a ste r . Bosun (B oa tsw a in ) C a r r ie s out o r d e r s fo r w ork d eta ils as is s u e d by C h ief O ffic e r ; la y s out d eck w o r k and s u p e r v is e s sea m en ; d ir e c ts m aintenance ta sk s such a s chipping and painting; s p lic e s ro p e and w ir e fo r rig g in g ; handies life b o a ts and can vas c o v e r in g s . C arpen ter Under d ir e c tio n o f the C h ief O ffic e r , s h o re s up c a r g o or tightens c a r g o la sh in g s ; sounds b ilg e s , fr e s h w ater and b a lla st tanks; b olts and unbolts tanktop c o v e r s . Stands by w in d la ss when n e c e s s a r y ; a s s is t s with g e n e ra l m aintenance and re p a ir w o rk . D eck M aintenance M ust be an A b le -B o d ie d Seam an. P e r fo r m s duties in co n n ection w ith m ain ten an ce o f the D eck D epartm ent under the d ir e c tio n o f the C h ief O ffic e r ; sounds b ilg e s and ov erh a u ls c a r g o gear as d ir e c te d . U sually w o rk s an 8 -h o u r day, M ondays through F r id a y s . A b le -B o d ie d Seam an (A B ) P e r fo r m s g en era l sea m en ’ s du ties; r ig s c a r g o b o o m s ; a s s is t s in read y in g g ear fo r c a r g o loading or d isch a rg in g o p e ra tio n s; stands w atch as look ou t; a cts as h elm sm a n under d ir e c tio n o f the o ffic e r on w atch; m u st be a q u a lified life b o a tm a n able to take ch a rg e o f a life b o a t c r e w . Two A B sea m en stand on each the 12 to 4 , 4 to 8 , and the 8 to 12 w a tch e s. O rd in a ry Seam an (OS) L e a rn s and a s s is t s in p e r fo r m in g the duties o f an A b le -B o d ie d Seam an, c le a n s , ch ip s , pain ts, and w a sh es down; c o ils and s p lic e s r o p e s . One OS usu ally stands on each the 12 to 4 , 4 to 8 , and the 8 to 12 w a tch e s. Engine D epartm en t C h ief E n gin eer P u r s e r o r P u r s e r /P h a r m a c is t M aintains p a y ro ll data; r e c o r d s o v e rtim e r e p orte d by the D eck , E n gin e, and Stew ards d ep a rt m en ts; k eeps sh ip ’ s a cco u n ts; and p r e p a re s cre w and c a r g o m a n ife sts and o ffic ia l docu m en ts fo r fo r e ig n port a u th o ritie s . In ch a rg e o f and r e s p o n s ib le fo r the op era tion and m aintenance o f a ll p ro p u lsion m a ch in e ry , a u x il ia r ie s , and pow er gen eratin g equipm ent. K eeps lo g s on m a ch in e ry p e r fo r m a n c e , fu el con su m p tion ; re s p o n s ib le fo r m a ch in e ry r e p a ir s and p re p a re s s p e c ific a tio n s fo r p e r io d ic ov erh a u l or r e p a ir s w hen in p o rt. In stru cts and train s w h ere n e c e s s a r y . 86 F ir s t A ss is ta n t E n g in eer Secon d E le c tr ic ia n (o r A ssista n t) C o o p e r a te s w ith and a s s is t s C h ie f E n g in eer with r e s p o n s ib ilit ie s fo r a ll s h ip 's m a ch in e ry ; has d ir e c t r e s p o n s ib ility fo r o p e ra tio n s in the en g in er o o m and su p e rv isio n o f e n g in e r o o m p e rs o n n e l; in c o n j u n c t i o n w ith C h ie f E n g in e e r, plans and d ir e c t s r e p a ir s , s u p e r v is e s m ain ten an ce o f lu b r i catin g s y s te m s , e le c t r ic a l equipm ent and en g in e r o o m a u x ilia r ie s . W ork s under the su p e rv is io n o f the E le c t r ic ia n . A s s is t s in m aking r e p a ir s and p rov id in g m a in te nance o f e l e c t r ic m o t o r s ; k e e p s r e s is t e r hou ses cle a n and tid y ; m aintains sto ck o f e l e c t r ic a l sp are p a rts to m eet re p a ir o r re p la ce m e n t n eed s. Secon d A ss is ta n t E n g in e e r A s s is t s in the o p e ra tio n o f s h ip 's p ro p u ls io n , a u x ilia r y and gen eratin g m a c h in e r y . R e sp o n sib le fo r fu e l and w a te r ; s u p e r v is e s tank soundings and k ee p s r e c o r d s o f fu e l and w a te r con su m p tion ; m ay be ch a rg e d w ith the r e s p o n s ib ility fo r o p era tion o f s h ip 's b o ile r , b o ile r r o o m equ ipm en t, fe e d w a ter s y s te m , pum ps and c o n d e n s e r s ; s u p e r v is e s o i le r s and fir e m e n , w a te r te n d e r s fo r m aintenance o f p r o p e r o il and w a ter te m p e r a tu r e s and steam p r e s su re ; m a k es r e p a ir s in clu d in g m a ch in in g o f r e p la c e m ent p a r ts , u su ally stands 4 to 8 w atch . O ile r Q u a lified M e m b e r o f the E ngine D epartm en t (Q M E D ). O ils and g r e a s e s b e a rin g s and m ovin g p a rts o f m ain en gin e, a u x ilia ry m a ch in e ry and e le c t r ic m o t o r s ; ch e ck s o i l p r e s s u r e s a n d flow ; in s p e c ts jo u r n a ls , b e a r in g s , cou p lin g s; a s s is t s e n g i n eer in ch a rg e w ith r e p a ir and ov erh a u l o f m a ch in e r y ; m ay a ls o be g iv en the r e s p o n s ib ility fo r m a in taining b o ile r w a ter at p r o p e r l e v e ls . One o ile r stands e ith er the 12 to 4, 4 to 8, o r 8 to 12 w atch . F ire m a n , W ater T en d er S u p e rv ise s o p e ra tio n and m ain ten ance o f en g in e ro o m a u x ilia r ie s and s h ip 's pu m ps; re s p o n s ib le f o r the o p e ra tio n o f m a in en gin es w hen on w atch; s u p e r v is e s e n g in e ro o m p e r s o n n e l; k e e p s log o f a c tiv it ie s and m a ch in e ry p e r fo r m a n c e ; m a k e s r e p a ir s u sin g m ach in e shop equ ipm en t. Q u a lified M e m b e r o f the E ngine D epartm en t (Q M E D ). C lea n s o il burning equipm ent in*the b o ile r r o o m ; cle a n s fu el o il s tr a in e r s ; c h e c k s b o ile r gau ges f o r p r o p e r w ater le v e ls ; m ain tain s s p e c ifie d steam p r e s s u r e ; re g u la te s fu el o il v a lv e s a s r e q u ired fo r in c re a s in g o r d im in ish in g b o ile r f i r e s ; ch e c k s o p e ra tio n o f e v a p o r a to r s and c o n d e n s e r s and ch e ck s b o ile r w a te r fo r sa lin ity ; m ay re p a ck pum ps, g rin d v a lv e s , ren ew p ip in g. F ire m a n , Water T en d er stands on ea ch o f the 12 to 4 , 4 to 8, and 8 to 12 w a tch e s. Ju n ior T h ird A ss is ta n t E n g in eer (o r Fourth) W ip er W o rk s u n d e r the su p e r v is io n o f the F ir s t A ss is ta n t E n g in e e r. P e r f o r m s s u p e r v is o r y fu n ction s in the e n g in e ro o m du rin g w a tch h o u r s, u su a lly 8 to 12 w atch when he is r e s p o n s ib le f o r o p e ra tio n and m ain ten an ce o f the e n g in e r o o m . A s s is t s in k eepin g e n g in e ro o m clea n ; w ip e s dow n m a ch in e ry w ith co tton w aste o r s o lv e n ts; cle a n s o il s p ills ; h elp s d ism a n tle and r e p a ir m a ch in e ry under the d ir e c t io n o f the e n g in eer in ch a rg e ; a s s is t s in g e n e ra l m aintenance o f e n g in er o o m . One w ip e r i s a s s ig n e d to e a ch o f the 12 to 4 , 4 to 8, and 8 to 12 w a tch e s . M ay loa d engine dep artm en t s to r e s in p o r t. T h ird A ss is ta n t E n g in e e r L ic e n s e d Junior E n g in e e r W o rk s under the su p e r v is io n o f the C h ief and F ir s t A s s is ta n t E n g in e e r s . P e rfo rm s n ecessa ry fu n ction s in the e n g i n e r o o m du rin g the p e rio d fr o m 8 to 5 fo r the o r d e r ly m ain tenance o f the e n g in e r o o m . U n lice n se d Junior E n g in eer A s s is t s e n g in e e r on w atch ; p e r fo r m s en g in er o o m du ties w h ile w ork in g f o r lic e n s e ; d o e s m a in te nance w o rk on d e ck m a ch in e ry ; c a r e and m a in te nance o f s h ip 's plu m bin g; a s s i s t s e le c t r ic ia n s w hen r e q u ir e d . E ngine M aintenance A s s is t s C h ief E n g in eer and oth er e n g in eer o f f i c e r p e rs o n n e l in re p a irin g and m aintaining p ro p u l sion , g en eratin g , and a u x ilia r y m a ch in e ry . M akes r e p a ir s , m ach in in g re p la ce m e n t p a rts under the d i r e c tio n o f the C h ie f o r F ir s t A s s is ta n t E n g in eer, in sta lls new p a rts , m a k es a d j u s t m e n t s , p e r fo r m s ta sk s o f O ile r o r F ir e m e n , W ater T en d er a s r e q u ir e d . S tew ards D epartm en t E le c t r ic ia n C h ief Stew ard R e s p o n s ib le f o r w o rk a s s ig n e d by C h ie f o r F ir s t A s s is ta n t E n g in e e r s . R e p a ir s and m aintains a ll e l e c t r ic m o to r s and e l e c t r ic a l c ir c u it s . A ctiv a te s c ir c u it s fo r e le c t r ic a l d e ck m a ch in e ry and stands by w hen c a r g o gea r is in o p e ra tio n . S u p e rv ise s the o p e ra tio n and m aintenance o f s e r v ic e s fo r liv in g q u a r te r s , fo o d p re p a ra tio n and m e s s r o o m s ; m aintains in v en tory r e c o r d s o f fo o d stu ffs, lin e n s , bedding and fu rn itu re ; p r e p a r e s r e q u isitio n s fo r v oyage re q u ire m e n ts; in con su lta tion 87 C h ie f S tew a rd— C ontinued A ss is ta n t C ook (T h ird C ook) w ith t h e C h i e f C o o k , plans m e a ls , s u p e r v is e s p rep a ra tio n and s e r v ic e o f m e a ls ; is s u e s n e c e s s a r y su p p lies and is r e s p o n s ib le fo r the g e n e ra l c le a n lin e s s o f p a s se n g e r an4 c r e w liv in g sp a ce s and a c c o m m o d a t io n s . W ork s under the d ir e c tio n o f the C h ief C ook; sta rts g a lle y ran ge fir e ; k e e p s w ork in g top and oven s cle a n ; cle a n s and p r e p a r e s v e g e ta b le s fo r cook in g ; a s s is t s in w ithdraw ing m e a ts , v e g e ta b le s , and other p e ris h a b le s fr o m s h ip 's r e fr ig e r a t io n b o x e s ; k eep s b u tch er shop and g a rb a g e d is p o s a l r o o m cle a n and o r d e r ly ; draw s d a ily su p p lies such as fo o d s tu ffs , clean in g equ ipm en t, and lin en s fo r the g a lle y . C ook (C h ief C ook) P r e p a r e s a ll m e a ls and, in con ju n ction with C h ief Stew ard, plans m enus in advan ce o f m e a ls . S u p e rv ise s Secon d C ook and U tilitym an in fo o d p r e p ara tion s and m ain ten an ce o f c le a n lin e s s in the s h ip 's g a lle y . Issu e s s to r e s fr o m s h ip 's r e f r ig e r a to r s and s t o r e r o o m s ; b u tch e rs m e a ts . C ook and B aker (S econ d C ook and B a k er) W ork s under the d ir e c tio n o f the C h ief C ook; bak es a ll b r e a d and p ie s , p r e p a r e s d e s s e r t s , salad s and night lu n ch es; r e s p o n s ib le fo r the sa fety and upkeep o f g a lle y u ten sils and equipm ent; k eep s r e fr ig e r a tio n s p a c e s and s t o r e r o o m neat and o r d e r ly ; a s s is t s in g e n e ra l clea n in g and m aintenance o f s h ip 's g a lle y . M essm a n (Or Me ss m a n /U tility m a n ) W ork s under the d ir e c tio n o f the C h ief Stew ard and C h ief C ook; sets ta b le s, s e r v e s m e a ls , w a sh es g la s s w a r e and tablew are a fte r e a ch m e a l; draw s table lin en s fo r the m e s s r o o m s and dining sa loon ; d is p o s e s o f tra sh and garb a g e fr o m dining a r e a s ; s cru b s pantry, m e s s r o o m , and dining sa lo o n d e ck s; r e s p o n s ib le fo r c le a n lin e s s o f s e rv in g pantry; cle a n s p o rth o le s , fa n s, and fu rn ish in g s; m aintains c le a n li n e s s o f p a s s a g e s , sta irw a y s and c o r r id o r s ; m ak es up b erth s in o ffic e r s * and c r e w q u a r te r s ; k eep s r a dio r o o m and v a r io u s s h ip 's o f f i c e s c le a n and tidy. 88 Appendix C: Employment Procedures International O rg a n iza tion o f M a s t e r s , hfates and P ilo t s (M hfP l N ational M arin e E n g in e e r s 1 B e n e fica l A s s o cia tio n (M E B A )— C ontinued 1. P r e fe r e n c e o f e m p loy m en t is given to m e m b e r s o f the M M P when a v a ila b le and the e m p lo y e r a g r e e s that when h irin g new e m p lo y e e s they shall be obtain ed through the o ffic e s o f the M M P. M EBA a c c o r d s the e m p lo y e r the rig h t to s e le c t his own C h ief E n g in eers and F ir s t A s s is ta n t E n g in eers b e ca u se o f the d ir e c t r e s p o n s ib ility th ese in d iv id uals have to the sh ip ow n er. 2. The e m p lo y e r has the rig h t to s e le c t p e rson n el c o n s id e r e d to be q u a lifie d and s a tis fa cto r y . A m e r ic a n R ad io A s s o c ia tio n (A R A ) 3. The e m p lo y e r a ls o r e s e r v e s the righ t to s e le c t h is own M a ste rs (C aptains) and C h ief O ffic e r s . A s fir s t and s e co n d in com m a n d , r e s p e c t iv e ly , th ese in dividu a ls have a d ir e c t r e s p o n s ib ility to the sh ip o w n e r. 4. O ffic e r p e rso n n e l not m e m b e r s o f the M M P, m u st in itiate m e m b e r sh ip in the O rg an ization w ithin 30 days a fter being h ir e d by an e m p lo y e r in o r d e r to continue su ch em p loy m en t o r to be e lig ib le fo r future e m p loy m en t. 5. The e m p lo y e r m a y w a ive the r e q u ire m e n t o f obtaining lic e n s e d o f f i c e r s fr o m the M M P if the a v a ila b le p o sitio n is to be fille d by a l i c e n s e d d e ck o ffic e r w ho has b een em p lo y e d by the com p a n y fo r at le a s t 6 m onths within the p re ce d in g 2 y e a r s and who has not b een e m p lo y e d by any oth er stea m sh ip com p an y e x ce p t as a r e l ie f m ate ( o f f ic e r ) . 6. A ny lic e n s e d d e ck o f f ic e r who has b een d is ch a rg e d fo r ju st ca u se w i t h o u t r e v e r s a l o f c h a r g e s by g r ie v a n c e p r o c e d u r e , shall not be d isp a tch ed to the sa m e e m p lo y e r fo r any future a v a ila b le p o sitio n . 7. The e m p lo y e r shall have the u n r e s tr ic te d righ t to keep in continuous em p loy m en t w ithin its own fle e t, any lic e n s e d d e ck o ffic e r p ro v id e d such o ffic e r m ain tain s m e m b e r sh ip in the M M P and the con tin ued em p loy m en t is m u tu ally d e s ir e d . 8. E ach em ployin g com p a n y sh all a dh ere to the p o lic y o f p ro m o tio n o r dem otion fr o m w ithin ranks o f its lic e n s e d d e ck o f f i c e r s and se n io rity sh all p r e v a il u n less n e c e s s a r y jo b q u a lifica tion s take p r e c e d e n c e . 1. The e m p lo y e r is ob lig a ted to p r o c u r e R a d io O ffi c e r s fr o m a lis t o f u n em p loy ed A R A m e m b e r s r e g is t e r e d at the n e a r e s t em p loy m en t o ffic e o f the A s s o c ia tio n . 2. P r e fe r e n c e shall be given to the R a d io O ffice r lo n g e s t u n em ployed, who is q u a lifie d , com p eten t, and s a tis fa cto r y and who ca n p re s e n t p r o o f o f p re v io u s em p loy m en t a b oa rd ships o f one or m o r e com p a n ies under c o n tr a c t to the A R A or p r o o f o f at le a s t 2 years* em p loy m en t as a R a d io O ffic e r on U. S. flag v e s s e l s not under c o n tr a c t to the A s s o c ia tio n . 3. Upon w ritten a g re e m e n t b etw een the e m p lo y e r and the A s s o c ia tio n , tr a n s fe r o f a con tin ou sly em p lo y e d R a d io O ffic e r b etw een ships m ay be p e rm itte d . R a d io O ffic e r s Union o f the C o m m e r c ia l t e l e g r a p h e r s l)n ion (R b U ) 1. In the event o f v a c a n c ie s , the e m p lo y e r a g r e e s to n otify the Union o f the p e rs o n n e l r e q u ir e m en ts. 2. When m e m b e r s o f the Uni^n a re to be h ire d , p ro m o te d , or tr a n s fe r r e d , the e m p lo y e r a g r e e s to subm it such p r o p o s a ls to the Union fo r c l e a r a n ce . The Union a g r e e s to g ran t such cle a r a n c e fo r the p o s itio n to w hich the R a d io O ffic e r is to be a s s ig n e d . A m e r ic a n M erch an t M arine S ta ff O ffic e r s A s s o c ia tio n (AM M SOA) 1. The A s s o c ia tio n p ro v id e s the e m p lo y e r with n a m e s, e x p e r ie n c e , and q u a lifica tio n s o f m e m b e r s who a re u n em ployed to p e rm it the e m p lo y e r to g iv e co n s id e r a tio n to such m e m b e r s w hen h irin g p u r s e rs p e rs o n n e l to fill v a c a n c ie s . 2. A p p lica n ts s e le c te d fo r em p loy m en t m ust make a p p lica tion fo r m e m b e rsh ip in the AM M SOA w ithin 30 days a fter date o f em p loy m en t. The A s s o c ia tio n shall in fo rm an e m p lo y e r in w ritin g , upon the term in a tion o f any e m p lo y e e ^ m e m b e r ship in the A s s o c ia tio n b e fo r e an e m p lo y e r shall d is ch a rg e an e m p lo y e e . N ational M arin e E n g in e e r s 1 B e n e fica l A s s o c ia t io n (M fcfeA) The em p loy m en t p r o c e d u r e s fo r m a rin e en g i n e e r s p a r a lle l th ose p r e s c r ib e d fo r d eck o f f i c e r s . The 2 o r g a n iz a tio n s, M M P and M E B A , com p lem en t one another in the fo rm u la tio n o f p r o c e d u r e s and p r a c t ic e s o f the in d u stry in r e g a r d to the h irin g o f s h ip s 1 o f f i c e r s . In r e fe r e n c e to ite m 3 a b o v e , the 89 A m e r ic a n M erch an t M arine Staff O ffic e r s A s s o c ia t io n r(AIvflvf>SOAJ— C ontinued S e a fa r e r s 1 International Union o f N orth A m e r ic a X SlU) 3. 1. The e m p lo y e r shall r e c o g n iz e the o rg a n iz a tion as the s o le and e x c lu s iv e ba rg a in in g r e p r e s e n tative fo r a ll u n licen sed p e r s o n n e l. 2. The e m p lo y e r a g r e e s that, as a con d ition o f e m p loy m en t, a ll u n licen sed p e rs o n n e l sh all b e co m e m e m b e r s o f the SIU w ithin 31 days a fte r being h ire d and shall re m a in *m em b er s w h ile em p lo y e d a b o a rd any v e s s e l s o p e ra te d by stea m sh ip c o m panies under co n tra ct to the SIU. 3. A ss ig n m e n ts to jo b s s h a l l follow in g s e n io rity b a s is : Staff O ffic e r s shall be bon ded in a c c o r d a n c e w ith the e sta b lish e d p o lic y o f the e m p lo y e r and shall be c o n s id e r e d u n qu alified i f a p p lica tion fo r bond is den ied by any su re ty com p a n y . Staff O ffic e r s A s s o c ia t io n o f A m e r ic a (SOA) 1. 2. M e m b e rsh ip in the SOA sh all be a con d ition o f continued e m p loy m en t on and a fte r the 30th day an e m p lo y e e is h ir e d , and the com pan y sh all d isc h a r g e any e m p lo y e e w hen n o tifie d in w ritin g by the SOA, that such e m p lo y e e is n ot, or is no lo n g e r , a m e m b e r in g o o d standing. Staff O ffic e r s shall be b on ded in a c c o r d a n c e w ith the e sta b lish e d p o lic y o f the e m p lo y e r and shall be c o n s id e r e d un qu alified i f a p p lica tion fo r bond is den ied by any s u r e t y com p an y . 2. The e m p lo y e r a g r e e s that it w ill p r o c u r e a ll U n lice n se d P e r s o n n e l in the D eck , E n gine, and Stew ards D epartm en ts fr o m the em p loy m en t o ffic e s o f the NM U. G roup 2 . G roup 3. G roup 4 . T h ose c e r t ifie d as b elon gin g to the nR eg u la r E m ploym en t P o o l 1* and e m p lo y e d as u n lice n se d se a m en a b oa rd any NMU c o n tr a c te d deep sea ta n k er, c a r g o o r p a sse n g e r ship during the 7 -m on th p e r io d o f June 1 through D e c e m b e r 31, 195 3. T h ose e m p lo y e d as u n lice n sed seam en a b o a rd any NMU co n tr a c te d ship p r io r to June l , 195 3, or sin ce D e ce m b e r 31, 195 3. G roup 2 a p p lica n ts m ay not be r e f e r r e d fo r em p loy m en t as long as a p p lica n ts in G roup 1 a r e a v a ila b le . T h ose e m p lo y e d as u n lice n se d seam en a b o a rd any U. S. flag m erch a n t ship not under c o n tra ct to the NMU, sin ce D e c e m b e r 31, 1953. G roup 3 a p p li can ts sh all not be r e f e r r e d fo r e m ploym en t a s l o n g as a p p lica n ts in G rou ps 1 and 2 a r e a v a ila b le . T h ose w h o, upon a p p lica tion fo r e m p loy m en t, subm it v a lid C oa st Guard D ocu m en ts o r M erch an t M a r in e r s 1 id e n tifica tio n but who have had no p r io r e x p e r ie n c e on U. S. flag m e r chant sh ip s. G roup 4 a p p lica n ts shall not be r e f e r r e d fo r em p loy m en t as lon g as a p p lica n ts in G roups l , 2 , and 3 a r e a v a ila b le . on the This c la s s ific a t io n shall be p o s s e s s e d by a ll seam en w ith ra tin gs a b ov e O r din ary S eam en, W ip e r , o r M essm a n who have been r e g u la r ly e m p lo y e d a b o a rd ships under co n tra ct to the SIU during the p e r io d co m m e n cin g p r io r t o January 1, 1952, up to D e ce m b e r 31, 1954. C la ss B . T his next h igh est c la s s ific a t io n sh all be p o s s e s s e d by a ll sea m en (including O rd in a ry S eam en, W ip e r s , and M e s s m en) who have b e e n re g u la r ly e m p loy ed a b o a rd sh ip s under co n tra ct to the SIU during the p e r io d co m m e n cin g p r io r or a fter J a n u a r y 1, 1951, through D e ce m b e r 31, 1954, and who do not have a C la s s A s e n io rity ra tin g . C la ss C . T his next highest s e n io r it y c l a s s i f i ca tion sh all be p o s s e s s e d by a ll un lic e n s e d p e rs o n n e l who do not have a C la s s A o r B s e n io r ity ra tin g . In the h irin g o f u n lice n se d p e r s o n n e l, the e m p lo y e r w ill p r e fe r and the Union w ill r e fe r c o m petent and dependable a p p lica n ts in the follow in g o r d e r o f p r io r ity : G roup 1. m ade C la s s A . N ational M a ritim e Union o f A m e r ic a (NMU) 1. be 4. U n licen sed p e rs o n n e l p o s s e s s in g a C la s s B sen io r it y rating sh all be e n titled to a C la s s A se n io r it y rating a fte r having b e e n re g u la r ly e m p loy ed fo r a p e r io d o f 8 y e a r s a b o a rd the ships o f any e m p lo y e r under c o n tr a c t to the SIU. $. U n licen sed p e rs o n n e l p o s s e s s in g a C la s s C se n io r it y rating shall be en titled to a C la s s B se n io r it y rating a fter having b e e n r e g u la r ly e m p loy ed fo r a p e rio d o f 2 y e a r s a b o a rd the ships o f any e m p lo y e r under c o n tr a c t to the SIU. S a ilo rs Union o f the P a c ific (SUP) The SUP togeth er w ith its a ffilia te s fo r un li ce n s e d p e rso n n e l in the engine departm ent and the stew ard s departm ent fo llo w em p loy m en t p r o c e d u r e s w hich v a ry slig h tly fr o m one a n oth er, as fo llo w s : (SUP) 1. The e m p lo y e r a g r e e s when h irin g p e r s o n n e l, to p r e fe r a p p lican ts who have p r e v i ou sly been em p loy ed as u n licen sed m e m b e r s o f the d e ck departm ent on v e s s e ls o f P a c ific C oa st steam sh ip co m p a n ie s . 90 S a ilo r s Union o f the P a c if ic (SU P)—-C ontinued S a ilo rs Union o f the P a c ific (SU P)— Continued (SU P )— C ontinued (M CS) 2. A p p lica n ts w ith 3 o r m o r e y e a r s o f such em p loy m en t sh all have p r e fe r e n c e o v e r a p p lica n ts w ith l e s s than 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e . 1. 3. The SUP a g r e e s to fu rn ish com p eten t and dependable e m p lo y e e s through the fa c ilitie s o f its em p loy m en t o f f i c e s . The e m p lo y e r a g r e e s to se cu re a ll stew ard s dep artm en t p e rson n el through the h irin g h a lls o f the M arin e C o o k s and Stew ards Union. 2. The MCS a g r e e s to fu rn is h the e m p lo y e r w ith ca p a b le , com p eten t, and p h y sica lly fit p e rso n n e l w h ere and w hen r e q u ir e d . 3. A ll p e rson n el seeking em p loy m en t m ust be cap ab le and com p eten t to the sa tis fa ctio n o f the e m p lo y e r . 4. No p e rs o n shall be e lig ib le to r e g is t e r fo r em p loy m en t u n less he has been e lig ib le fo r h irin g on P a c ific C oast ships sin ce O ctob er 1, 1952, and has s a ile d fo r at le a st 6 m onths in such e m p loy m en t. (M FO W ) 1. 2. The e m p lo y e r a g r e e s to g ive p r e fe r e n c e o f e m p loy m en t to u n lice n se d engine d e p a rt m ent p e rso n n e l having attained se n io rity through em p loy m en t during the p e rio d o f O cto b e r 1, 195 3, to S ep tem b er 30, 1955, w ith any com p a n y under c o n tra ct to the M F O W , and th ose a pp lica n ts w ho a re th e r e a fte r e m p lo y e d by su ch co m p a n ies for a p e r io d e x ce e d in g 6 m on th s. The e m p lo y e r a g r e e s to s e c u r e a ll un lic e n s e d en g in eerin g p e rso n n e l fr o m and through the o f f ic e s o f the M FO W . ☆U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1958 O - 4 9 0237