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Federal Reserve Bank
of Dallas

l l★K

DALLAS, TEXAS
75265-5906

April 30, 2001
Notice 01-38

TO: The Chief Executive Officer of each
financial institution and bank holding company
in the Eleventh Federal Reserve District

SUBJECT
Revisions to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code
DETAILS

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, along with the other members of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC), has issued an advisory
regarding major revisions to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code. Article 9 provides a
statutory framework governing most secured lending arrangements that are collateralized by
personal property. The revisions will become effective July 1, 2001.
Under the advisory, each financial institution is expected to:
•

Become fully aware of the changes to Article 9 and determine what effect the
changes will have on the institution;

•

Determine the need for revised policies, procedures, systems, and forms and
implement the revisions as necessary;

•

Review secured transactions entered into under existing Article 9 to ensure that
existing rights are protected under revised Article 9 and make changes as necessary; and

•

Provide adequate training to ensure that staff understands the revisions and can
effectively implement revisions to existing policies and procedures.

For additional copies, bankers and others are encouraged to use one of the following toll-free numbers in contacting the Federal
Reserve Bank of Dallas: Dallas Office (800) 333-4460; El Paso Branch Intrastate (800) 592-1631, Interstate (800) 351-1012;
Houston Branch Intrastate (800) 392-4162, Interstate (800) 221-0363; San Antonio Branch Intrastate (800) 292-5810.

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ATTACHMENTS
Attached are the Board’s letter dated April 2, 2001, and the FFIEC’s statement dated
February 28, 2001.
MORE INFORMATION
For more information, please contact Lynn Black, Banking Supervision Department, at (214) 9226069. For additional copies of this Bank’s notice, contact the Public Affairs Department at
(214) 922-5254 or access our web site at http://www.dallasfed.org/banking/notices/index.html.

BOARD OF GOVERNORS
OF THE
FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20551
DIVISION OF BANKING
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

SR 01-7 (SUP)
April 2, 2001

TO THE OFFICER IN CHARGE OF SUPERVISION AND APPROPRIATE SUPERVISORY STAFF
AT EACH FEDERAL RESERVE BANK AND EACH DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN
BANKING ORGANIZATION SUPERVISED BY THE FEDERAL RESERVE
SUBJECT: Revisions to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code

On February 28, 2001, the Federal Reserve, along with the other member
agencies of the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, issued an advisory
regarding major revisions to Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) that will
become effective on July 1, 2001.1 Article 9 provides a statutory framework governing most
secured lending arrangements that are collateralized by personal property. Financial
institutions and their legal counsel need to understand and comply with the requirements of
the new law in order to protect security interests on new transactions and to ensure that
existing rights are not lost. In addition to affecting the enforceability of security interests, the
revisions may also affect an institution's procedures, systems, and documentation.
The revisions to Article 9 will change, among other things, the rules for public
filings that are generally required for lenders to perfect their security interests in collateral.
This legal transition creates a potential bank safety and soundness issue. The risks are
most significant in the case of multi-state or multinational borrowers. Prior to the revisions,
Article 9 prescribed that, for entities created by registration (e.g. corporations, limited liability
companies, limited partnerships), a filing should be made in the state where the collateral is
located (in the case of tangible collateral) or where the borrower's chief executive office is
located (in the case of intangible collateral). Under revised Article 9, secured lenders are
required to make public filings in the borrower's state of registration, rather than the state
where the chief executive office is located, regardless of collateral type. For foreign entities
operating in several states, filings are to be made in the federally defined "home state."
These revisions clearly change the jurisdiction where a filing must take place in many
instances from where it would have been filed under the prior applicable law, creating the
potential for loss of perfected security interests.
In addition, most Article 9 filings are only effective for five years, at which time
they automatically lapse. To avoid automatic lapse, a secured lender must file a
continuation statement, which extends the filing for another five years. After revised Article 9
takes effect, banking organizations that are unprepared for the changeover may
inadvertently file continuation statements in the same office where the original filings were
made, thereby losing their security interests if the state of registration is not the same as the
state where the chief executive office, or collateral, is located.
Many banking organizations track these filings, including continuation
statements, on an automated basis. If a bank's tracking systems do not recognize the new
requirements, a significant portion of its lending portfolio might lose its perfected security
status. In addition, the filing of continuation statements is frequently outsourced to law firms.

Banking organizations must ensure that these firms make the proper adjustments to comply
with each of the applicable requirements to maintain their security interests, particularly
during the transition period.
A further complication may arise because the revisions to Article 9 have not been
adopted uniformly in all fifty states. Lenders will need to consider the extent to which they
must comply with the rules of both existing Article 9 and revised Article 9. In addition, since
filings recorded before the revisions take effect can remain valid until June 30, 2006,
financial institutions will need to conduct UCC searches under both the current and revised
rules until all of the pre-revision filings have expired.
The February 28, 2001, guidance was intended to alert institutions to these
concerns, as well as to heighten awareness of the full range of new and revised Article 9
rules that will be taking effect. Under this advisory, each financial institution is expected to:
Become fully aware of the changes to Article 9 and determine what
effect the changes will have on the institution.
Determine the need for revised policies, procedures, systems, and
forms, and implement the revisions as necessary.
Review secured transactions entered into under existing Article 9 to
ensure that existing rights are protected under revised Article 9 and
make changes as necessary.
Provide adequate training to ensure that staff understands the
revisions and can effectively implement revisions to existing policies
and procedures.
Reserve Banks are asked to send this letter and the FFIEC statement to domestic
and foreign banking organizations supervised by the Federal Reserve. If you have any
general questions regarding the revisions to Article 9, please contact Dave Adkins,
Supervisory Financial Analyst, at (202) 452-5259 (david.adkins@frb.gov).

Richard Spillenkothen
Director

Attachment (22 KB PDF)

Notes:
1 The revised Article 9 was drafted with a uniform effective date of July 1, 2001, although it
does not become law within a particular state until it is adopted by the state legislature. To
date, thirty states have adopted the revised Article 9.

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FFIEC STATEMENT ON REVISED UCC ARTICLE 9
February 28, 2001
PURPOSE
This statement is intended to alert financial institutions to major revisions to Article 9 of the
Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) that were drafted and endorsed by the National Conference of
Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and the American Law Institute. Article 9 governs
transactions involving the granting of credit secured by personal property and the sale of
accounts and chattel paper. Many states have adopted revised Article 9 into legislation and
others have introduced legislation to do so.

1

Revised Article 9 was drafted with a uniform

effective date of July 1, 2001, although it does not become law within a particular state until it is
adopted by state legislature. 2

EFFECT ON FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
Revised Article 9 contains a number of new or revised rules for secured transactions that
affect a financial institution’s procedures, systems, documentation, and the enforceability of
security interests. Financial institutions and their legal counsel should consider carefully the
1

The web site for the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, http://www.nccusl.org,
provides a list of states that have adopted revised Article 9 or introduced legislation to do so.
2
If one or more states do not adopt the revised Article 9 or adopt it with an effective date later than July 1, 2001,
prudent lenders will need to consider whether they need to comply with the rules of both existing Article 9 and
revised Article 9. Even in a state in which revised Article 9 is not adopted, a bank may find that the revised rules
apply by way of choice of law provisions in former Article 9. Conversely, in a state in which revised Article 9 is
adopted, a bank may find that the rules of former Article 9 in another state’s law apply by way of choice of law
provisions in revised Article 9.

changes in state law brought about by revised Article 9 in order to ensure the attachment and
perfection of their existing and future security interests.
While the basic concepts of existing Article 9 have been retained, the scope has been
expanded to cover new types of collateral (e.g., deposit accounts as collateral for commercial
loans) and new types of transactions (e.g., sales of payment intangibles and sales of promissory
notes).

In addition, the rules concerning attachment3 and perfection4 of security interests,

security agreements,5 financing statements, place of filing financing statements,6 changes in
name and identity of debtors, rights and duties in connection with default and enforcement, and
other important features have all been amended. Revised Article 9 affects loan documentation
and filing of security interests at origination and renewal, required notifications to debtors and
creditors, and the identification of the interests of other creditors.

Financial institutions’

procedures, systems, and documentation will need to account for the changes.
Revised Article 9 governs collateral for loans made both before and after the law’s effective
date, in each state. Part 7 of revised Article 9 contains transition rules that lenders must follow to
ensure that their rights to collateral on existing loans continue after the effective date of the
revision. Time periods are established for the transition from existing Article 9 during which
secured parties should take steps to prevent losing their rights to existing collateral. In addition,
3

Although revised Article 9 does not require a security agreement in order for security interests to attach in certain
cases (e.g., when the lender takes physical possession of tangible chattel paper), prudent lenders will continue to
document security interests as a matter of safe and sound practices.
4
While some assignments of receivables are not subject to revised Article 9, and others are subject to revised Article
9 but are automatically perfected upon attachment, prudent lenders will file financing statements with respect to
receivables taken as collateral, as a matter of safe and sound practices.
5
Consistent with the development of electronic documentation, revised Article 9 requires the security agreement to
be a record authenticated (i.e., adopted by signature or by some manner other than signature) by the debtor. The
language of existing Article 9 refers to writing signed by the debtor. This change is one of many to the requirements
relating to security agreements.
6
Under revised Article 9, the state in which to file financing statements for both tangible and intangible collateral is
generally the state in which the debtor is located rather than the location of the collateral, subject to exceptions. In
addition, the rules for determining the location of the debtor have been changed. For example, a corporation
organized under the laws of a state is located in that state and not at its place of business.
2

since filings recorded prior to the revised Article’s effective date of July 1, 2001 can continue to
be valid for some time thereafter (in some cases filings may remain valid until June 30, 2006),
lenders will need to conduct UCC searches both under the current and the revised rules until all
of the pre-revision filings have expired. Financial institutions and their legal counsel will need to
understand and comply with the requirements of the new law (as well as former Article 9
requirements) in order to protect security interests on new transactions and to ensure that existing
rights are not lost.

PREPARING FOR THE REVISIONS
To properly prepare for the revised Article 9, all financial institutions are expected to:

h Become fully aware of the changes to Article 9 and determine the effect the changes will
have on the institution;
h Determine the need for revised policies, procedures, systems, and documentation (e.g.,
security agreement) and implement the revisions as necessary;
h Review secured transactions entered into under existing Article 9 to ensure that existing
rights are protected under revised Article 9 and make changes as necessary; and
h Provide adequate training to ensure the staff understands the revisions to Article 9 and can
effectively implement revisions to existing policies and procedures.
CONTACTS
If you have any questions about the contents of this issuance please contact:
Credit Risk Division at the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (202-874-5170)
(Barbara.Grunkemeyer@occ.treas.gov ), Robert Vilim at the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(202-898-6511)(rvilim@fdic.gov ), David Adkins at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve
System (202-452-5259)(David.Adkins@frb.gov ), Department of Supervision Office of
Examination and Insurance at the National Credit Union Administration (703-518-6360)
( E&I Mail@ncua.gov), or William Magrini at the Office of Thrift Supervision (202-906-5744)
(William.Magrini@ots.treas.gov ).

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