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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 8:30 a.m. (EDT) May 10, 2019 USDL-19-0776 Technical information: (202) 691-7000 • cpi_info@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cpi Media Contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov CONSUMER PRICE INDEX – APRIL 2019 The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 0.3 percent in April on a seasonally adjusted basis after rising 0.4 percent in March, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the last 12 months, the all items index increased 2.0 percent before seasonal adjustment. The gasoline index continued to increase, rising 5.7 percent and accounting for over two-thirds of the seasonally adjusted all items monthly increase. The index for energy rose 2.9 percent, although the index for natural gas declined and the index for electricity was unchanged. The food index fell in April, its first monthly decline since June 2017. The index for all items less food and energy increased 0.1 percent for the third consecutive month. The indexes for shelter, medical care, education, and new vehicles all rose in April. The indexes for used cars and trucks, apparel, and household furnishings and operations were among those that declined over the month. The all items index increased 2.0 percent for the 12 months ending April, the largest 12-month increase since the period ending November 2018. The index for all items less food and energy rose 2.1 percent over the last 12 months, and the food index rose 1.8 percent. The energy index increased 1.7 percent over the past year after posting 12-month declines the past 4 months. Chart 1. One-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), seasonally adjusted, Apr. 2018 - Apr. 2019 Percent change 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 Apr'18 May Jun 0.3 Jul Aug 0.1 Sep Oct 0.0 0.0 0.0 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr'19 Chart 2. 12-month percent change in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), not seasonally adjusted, Apr. 2018 - Apr. 2019 Percent change 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 Apr'18 May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr'19 All items less food and energy All items Table A. Percent changes in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average Seasonally adjusted changes from preceding month Oct. 2018 All items ................................................. Food .................................................... Food at home .................................... Food away from home 1 .................... Energy ................................................. Energy commodities .......................... Gasoline (all types) .......................... Fuel oil ............................................. Energy services ................................. Electricity ......................................... Utility (piped) gas service ................ All items less food and energy ............ Commodities less food and energy commodities ................................ New vehicles ................................... Used cars and trucks ....................... Apparel ............................................ Medical care commodities ............... Services less energy services ........... Shelter ............................................. Transportation services ................... Medical care services ...................... Nov. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Unadjusted 12-mos. ended Apr. 2019 .3 .0 -.1 .1 2.1 2.6 2.7 3.2 1.3 1.8 -.5 .2 .0 .2 .1 .3 -2.8 -5.0 -5.2 -2.9 .2 .2 .2 .2 .0 .3 .3 .4 -2.6 -5.7 -5.8 -9.4 1.5 .4 5.1 .2 .0 .2 .1 .3 -3.1 -5.3 -5.5 -1.3 -.5 -.6 -.3 .2 .2 .4 .4 .4 .4 1.5 1.5 2.6 -.8 -.3 -2.4 .1 .4 .3 .4 .2 3.5 6.2 6.5 2.1 .3 .4 -.1 .1 .3 -.1 -.5 .3 2.9 5.4 5.7 1.3 -.1 .0 -.8 .1 2.0 1.8 .7 3.1 1.7 2.9 3.1 -.9 .0 .6 -1.9 2.1 .3 -.2 2.5 .2 -.1 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .0 2.5 -.6 .5 .2 .3 .0 .4 .0 .0 -.5 .0 -.4 .2 .3 -.1 .4 .4 .2 .1 1.1 .1 .2 .3 -.2 .3 -.2 -.2 -.7 .3 -1.0 .2 .3 -.1 .0 -.2 .4 -.4 -1.9 .4 .3 .4 .0 .3 -.3 .1 -1.3 -.8 .9 .3 .4 .1 .2 -.2 1.2 .8 -3.0 .2 2.8 3.4 1.1 2.3 1 Not seasonally adjusted. -2- Food The food index declined 0.1 percent in April. The index for food at home, which rose 0.4 percent in March, fell 0.5 percent in April. Five of the six major grocery store food group indexes decreased in April. The index for fruits and vegetables declined 0.9 percent in April after rising in February and March. The index for nonalcoholic beverages also declined 0.9 percent in April, and the index for other food at home declined 0.6 percent. The index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs fell 0.2 percent in April, the same decrease as in March, and the index for cereals and bakery products declined 0.1 percent. The only major grocery store food group index to rise in April was dairy and related products, which increased 0.1 percent after rising 0.6 percent in March. The index for food away from home rose 0.3 percent in April. The index for full service meals rose 0.4 percent, and the index for limited service meals increased 0.3 percent. The food index rose 1.8 percent over the past year, with the food at home index increasing 0.7 percent. The indexes for fruits and vegetables and nonalcoholic beverages increased the most among the major grocery store food groups, each rising 2.2 percent. The index for meats, poultry, fish, and eggs was the only one to decline over the year, falling 1.1 percent. The index for food away from home rose 3.1 percent over the past year, its largest 12-month increase since February 2015. Energy The energy index rose 2.9 percent in April. The gasoline index rose 5.7 percent in April following a 6.5percent increase in March. (Before seasonal adjustment, gasoline prices rose 10.3 percent in April.) The electricity index, which increased in March, was unchanged in April. The index for natural gas continued to fall; its 0.8-percent decrease in April was its fourth consecutive monthly decline. The energy index increased 1.7 percent over the past 12 months, with its major component indexes mixed. The gasoline index increased 3.1 percent over the past year and the electricity index rose 0.6 percent. The index for natural gas declined 1.9 percent and the index for fuel oil fell 0.9 percent. All items less food and energy The index for all items less food and energy increased 0.1 percent in April. The shelter index rose 0.4 percent, the same increase as in March. The index for rent increased 0.4 percent and the index for owners’ equivalent rent rose 0.3 percent. The index for lodging away from home rose 1.6 percent in April, its fifth consecutive monthly increase. The medical care index rose 0.3 percent in April, the same increase as in March. The index for hospital services fell 0.5 percent, but the index for prescription drugs rose 0.7 percent and the index for physicians’ services advanced 0.2 percent. The education index increased 0.2 percent in April, and the new vehicles index rose 0.1 percent. The indexes for recreation, for communication, and for personal care were all unchanged in April. The index for used cars and trucks fell 1.3 percent in April, its third consecutive monthly decrease. The apparel index decreased 0.8 percent in April following a 1.9-percent decline in March. The index for -3- household furnishings and operations fell 0.3 percent in April, its first monthly decline since June 2018. The indexes for alcoholic beverages, for tobacco, and for airline fares also declined in April. The index for all items less food and energy rose 2.1 percent over the past 12 months. The 12-month change has remained in the range of 1.6 percent to 2.4 percent since June 2011. The shelter index rose 3.4 percent over the year, with the rent index rising 3.8 percent. The medical care index increased 1.9 percent over the past 12 months. Not seasonally adjusted CPI measures The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 2.0 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 255.548 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index increased 0.5 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) increased 1.9 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 249.332 (1982-84=100). For the month, the index increased 0.6 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. The Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) increased 1.8 percent over the last 12 months. For the month, the index increased 0.5 percent on a not seasonally adjusted basis. Please note that the indexes for the past 10 to 12 months are subject to revision. _______________ The Consumer Price Index for May 2019 is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, June 12, 2019 at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). -4- Technical Note Brief Explanation of the CPI The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in prices paid by consumers for goods and services. The CPI reflects spending patterns for each of two population groups: all urban consumers and urban wage earners and clerical workers. The all urban consumer group represents about 93 percent of the total U.S. population. It is based on the expenditures of almost all residents of urban or metropolitan areas, including professionals, the self-employed, the poor, the unemployed, and retired people, as well as urban wage earners and clerical workers. Not included in the CPI are the spending patterns of people living in rural nonmetropolitan areas, farming families, people in the Armed Forces, and those in institutions, such as prisons and mental hospitals. Consumer inflation for all urban consumers is measured by two indexes, namely, the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) and the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U). The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is based on the expenditures of households included in the CPI-U definition that meet two requirements: more than onehalf of the household's income must come from clerical or wage occupations, and at least one of the household's earners must have been employed for at least 37 weeks during the previous 12 months. The CPI-W population represents about 29 percent of the total U.S. population and is a subset of the CPI-U population. The CPIs are based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, fuels, transportation, doctors’ and dentists’ services, drugs, and other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. Prices are collected each month in 75 urban areas across the country from about 5,000 housing units and approximately 22,000 retail establishments (department stores, supermarkets, hospitals, filling stations, and other types of stores and service establishments). All taxes directly associated with the purchase and use of items are included in the index. Prices of fuels and a few other items are obtained every month in all 75 locations. Prices of most other commodities and services are collected every month in the three largest geographic areas and every other month in other areas. Prices of most goods and services are obtained by personal visits or telephone calls by the Bureau’s trained representatives. In calculating the index, price changes for the various items in each location are aggregated using weights, which represent their importance in the spending of the appropriate population group. Local data are then combined to obtain a U.S. city average. For the CPI-U and CPI-W, separate indexes are also published by size of city, by region of the country, for cross-classifications of regions and population-size classes, and for 23 selected local areas. Area indexes do not measure differences in the level of prices among cities; they only measure the average change in prices for each area since the base period. For the C-CPI-U, data are issued only at the national level. The CPI-U and CPI-W are considered final when released, but the C-CPI-U is issued in preliminary form and subject to three subsequent quarterly revisions. The index measures price change from a designed reference date. For most of the CPI-U and the CPI-W, the reference base is 1982-84 equals 100. The reference base for the C-CPI-U is December 1999 equals 100. An increase of 7 percent from the reference base, for example, is shown as 107.000. Alternatively, that relationship can also be expressed as the price of a base period market basket of goods and services rising from $100 to $107. Sampling Error in the CPI The CPI is a statistical estimate that is subject to sampling error because it is based upon a sample of retail prices and not the complete universe of all prices. BLS calculates and publishes estimates of the 1month, 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month percent change standard errors annually for the CPI-U. These standard error estimates can be used to construct confidence intervals for hypothesis testing. For -5- example, the estimated standard error of the 1-month percent change is 0.03 percent for the U.S. all items CPI. This means that if we repeatedly sample from the universe of all retail prices using the same methodology, and estimate a percentage change for each sample, then 95 percent of these estimates will be within 0.06 percent of the 1-month percentage change based on all retail prices. For example, for a 1month change of 0.2 percent in the all items CPI-U, we are 95 percent confident that the actual percent change based on all retail prices would fall between 0.14 and 0.26 percent. For the latest data, including information on how to use the estimates of standard error, see https://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/varianceestimates/home.htm. Calculating Index Changes Movements of the indexes from 1 month to another are usually expressed as percent changes rather than changes in index points, because index point changes are affected by the level of the index in relation to its base period, while percent changes are not. The following table shows an example of using index values to calculate percent changes: Item A Item B Item C Year I 112.500 225.000 110.000 Year II 121.500 243.000 128.000 9.000 18.000 18.000 Change in index points Percent change 9.0/112.500 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/225.000 x 100 = 8.0 18.0/110.000 x 100 = 16.4 Use of Seasonally Adjusted and Unadjusted Data The Consumer Price Index (CPI) produces both unadjusted and seasonally adjusted data. Seasonally adjusted data are computed using seasonal factors derived by the X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal adjustment method. These factors are updated each February, and the new factors are used to revise the previous 5 years of seasonally adjusted data. The factors are available at www.bls.gov/cpi/tables/seasonal-adjustment/seasonal-factors-2019.pdf. For more information on data revision scheduling, please see the Factsheet on Seasonal Adjustment at www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonaladjustment/questions-and-answers.htm and the Timeline of Seasonal Adjustment Methodological Changes at www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonal-adjustment/timeline-seasonal-adjustment-methodologychanges.htm. For analyzing short-term price trends in the economy, seasonally adjusted changes are usually preferred since they eliminate the effect of changes that normally occur at the same time and in about the same magnitude every year—such as price movements resulting from weather events, production cycles, model changeovers, holidays, and sales. This allows data users to focus on changes that are not typical for the time of year. The unadjusted data are of primary interest to consumers concerned about the prices they actually pay. Unadjusted data are also used extensively for escalation purposes. Many collective bargaining contract agreements and pension plans, for example, tie compensation changes to the Consumer Price Index before adjustment for seasonal variation. BLS advises against the use of seasonally adjusted data in escalation agreements because seasonally adjusted series are revised annually. -6- Intervention Analysis The Bureau of Labor Statistics uses intervention analysis seasonal adjustment for some CPI series. Sometimes extreme values or sharp movements can distort the underlying seasonal pattern of price change. Intervention analysis seasonal adjustment is a process by which the distortions caused by such unusual events are estimated and removed from the data prior to calculation of seasonal factors. The resulting seasonal factors, which more accurately represent the seasonal pattern, are then applied to the unadjusted data. For example, this procedure was used for the motor fuel series to offset the effects of the 2009 return to normal pricing after the worldwide economic downturn in 2008. Retaining this outlier data during seasonal factor calculation would distort the computation of the seasonal portion of the time series data for motor fuel, so it was estimated and removed from the data prior to seasonal adjustment. Following that, seasonal factors were calculated based on this “prior adjusted” data. These seasonal factors represent a clearer picture of the seasonal pattern in the data. The last step is for motor fuel seasonal factors to be applied to the unadjusted data. For the seasonal factors introduced for January 2019, BLS adjusted 51 series using intervention analysis seasonal adjustment, including selected food and beverage items, motor fuels, electricity, and vehicles. Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Indexes Seasonally adjusted data, including the U.S. city average all items index levels, are subject to revision for up to 5 years after their original release. Every year, economists in the CPI calculate new seasonal factors for seasonally adjusted series and apply them to the last 5 years of data. Seasonally adjusted indexes beyond the last 5 years of data are considered to be final and not subject to revision. For January 2019, revised seasonal factors and seasonally adjusted indexes for 2014 to 2018 were calculated and published. For series which are directly adjusted using the Census X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal adjustment software, the seasonal factors for 2018 will be applied to data for 2019 to produce the seasonally adjusted 2019 indexes. Series which are indirectly seasonally adjusted by summing seasonally adjusted component series have seasonal factors which are derived and are therefore not available in advance. Determining Seasonal Status Each year the seasonal status of every series is reevaluated based upon certain statistical criteria. Using these criteria, BLS economists determine whether a series should change its status from "not seasonally adjusted" to "seasonally adjusted", or vice versa. If any of the 81 components of the U.S. city average all items index change their seasonal adjustment status from seasonally adjusted to not seasonally adjusted, not seasonally adjusted data will be used in the aggregation of the dependent series for the last 5 years, but the seasonally adjusted indexes before that period will not be changed. Twenty-nine of the 81 components of the U.S. city average all items index are not seasonally adjusted for 2019. Contact Information For additional information about the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi or contact the CPI Information and Analysis Section at 202-691-7000 or cpi_info@bls.gov. For additional information on seasonal adjustment in the CPI visit www.bls.gov/cpi/seasonaladjustment/home.htm or contact the CPI seasonal adjustment section at 202-691-6968 or cpiseas@bls.gov. Information from this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. -7- Table 1. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019 [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted indexes Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Jan. 2019Feb. 2019 Feb. 2019Mar. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 All items............................................ . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cereals and bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs. . . . . . . . . . . . Dairy and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials................................. . Other food at home....................... . Food away from home1..................... . 100.000 13.315 7.278 0.961 1.590 0.723 1.301 250.546 253.209 240.129 271.766 251.922 216.906 296.863 254.202 257.724 242.555 277.275 249.062 217.531 305.399 255.548 257.708 241.878 276.640 249.203 217.510 303.503 2.0 1.8 0.7 1.8 -1.1 0.3 2.2 0.5 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.6 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 -0.2 0.6 1.6 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1 -0.2 0.1 -0.9 0.877 1.826 6.037 167.041 210.632 274.393 172.060 211.550 281.887 170.727 211.078 282.798 2.2 0.2 3.1 -0.8 -0.2 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.9 -0.6 0.3 Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy services.............................. . Electricity................................... . Utility (piped) gas service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.466 4.128 0.113 3.940 3.853 3.339 2.580 0.759 218.830 246.387 293.991 242.056 240.962 201.245 209.215 174.318 211.724 231.228 287.496 226.616 225.282 202.461 210.937 174.089 222.499 253.547 291.424 249.550 248.499 201.341 210.525 171.004 1.7 2.9 -0.9 3.1 3.1 0.0 0.6 -1.9 5.1 9.7 1.4 10.1 10.3 -0.6 -0.2 -1.8 0.4 1.5 2.6 1.5 1.5 -0.8 -0.3 -2.4 3.5 6.2 2.1 6.4 6.5 0.3 0.4 -0.1 2.9 5.4 1.3 5.6 5.7 -0.1 0.0 -0.8 All items less food and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used cars and trucks..................... . Medical care commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco and smoking products......... . Services less energy services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelter...................................... . Rent of primary residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of residences2........................... . Medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physicians’ services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospital services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle maintenance and repair1. . . . . . . .......................... . Motor vehicle insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline fares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.218 257.025 261.836 262.332 2.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 145.131 144.994 144.851 129.365 125.785 125.542 146.069 147.788 147.840 139.368 140.513 140.458 380.479 379.568 381.256 248.818 252.087 251.758 1,056.874 1,103.240 1,105.201 326.252 334.518 335.468 305.716 315.135 316.263 316.763 327.513 328.678 -0.2 -3.0 1.2 0.8 0.2 1.2 4.6 2.8 3.4 3.8 -0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 -0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.7 -1.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.2 -1.9 0.4 -0.4 0.4 -0.1 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 -0.3 -0.8 0.1 -1.3 0.9 -0.2 -0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 1 Not seasonally adjusted. Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. 3 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base. 2 19.566 3.052 3.722 2.405 1.693 0.965 0.666 59.652 33.238 7.916 23.954 6.973 1.717 2.324 5.936 312.935 517.228 381.076 331.289 321.437 322.482 528.575 381.045 336.648 323.982 323.426 529.371 382.150 335.198 325.114 3.4 2.3 0.3 1.2 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.4 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 -0.7 -0.1 0.3 0.3 -0.4 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 -0.5 0.1 1.132 2.388 0.682 284.367 562.749 273.817 294.226 573.087 259.698 295.266 570.492 268.767 3.8 1.4 -1.8 0.4 -0.5 3.5 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.8 -0.1 -0.6 0.4 -0.2 -0.1 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, April 2019 [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category All items................................................................ . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cereals and bakery products................................ . Cereals and cereal products.............................. . Flour and prepared flour mixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breakfast cereal1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rice, pasta, cornmeal1.................................. . Rice1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bakery products1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bread1, 2................................................ . White bread1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bread other than white1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies...................... . Cookies3............................................. . Fresh cakes and cupcakes1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts1, 3. . . . Crackers, bread, and cracker products3. . . . . . . . . Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies, tarts, turnovers3.................................. . Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs............................... . Meats, poultry, and fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beef and veal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked ground beef1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef roasts1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef steaks2............................ . Uncooked other beef and veal1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork..................................................... . Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related products2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bacon and related products3................... . Breakfast sausage and related products2, 3. . . Ham.................................................. . Ham, excluding canned3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork chops1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... . Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs2.. . Other meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frankfurters3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lunchmeats2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lamb and organ meats1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lamb and mutton1, 2, 3............................. . Poultry1................................................. . Chicken1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh whole chicken1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh and frozen chicken parts1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other uncooked poultry including turkey2. . . . . . . . Fish and seafood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fish and seafood2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fish and seafood2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelf stable fish and seafood1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 100.000 13.315 7.278 0.961 0.311 0.040 0.150 0.120 0.650 0.192 0.092 0.162 0.204 1.590 1.499 0.939 0.427 0.168 0.062 0.160 0.038 0.293 0.132 0.054 0.042 0.065 0.219 0.310 0.255 0.055 0.250 0.130 0.120 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Jan. 2019Feb. 2019 Feb. 2019Mar. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 2.0 1.8 0.7 1.8 0.7 -1.9 1.5 0.5 2.3 2.3 3.9 4.5 4.2 1.4 1.8 1.5 2.6 1.7 4.0 0.6 0.5 0.0 -0.3 -0.2 -0.7 -0.7 -0.1 -1.5 1.3 0.0 0.7 1.2 -0.1 -1.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.6 -0.5 0.9 0.5 -0.8 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.5 -0.5 1.6 2.3 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.7 1.7 1.2 2.2 1.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 0.7 0.4 -0.9 -1.7 1.1 0.2 0.6 -1.6 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1 -1.0 -1.1 -0.1 -1.5 1.3 0.0 0.7 1.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.2 -0.7 1.0 -1.1 0.0 -0.3 0.0 -2.0 1.7 0.8 3.1 -0.4 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.6 1.1 -0.4 0.2 1.1 -0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 0.8 -0.6 0.5 -0.7 1.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.6 2.2 0.3 0.9 0.9 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.1 -0.4 -1.2 1.1 -0.3 -0.9 0.5 -2.7 1.9 2.2 -0.5 -1.4 -0.5 -1.9 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6 -1.1 -2.4 -2.6 2.7 -0.6 0.0 -1.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0 -1.2 -3.0 -2.9 3.1 -2.7 1.1 1.2 1.2 -0.2 1.0 0.3 4.4 4.4 -0.9 1.5 -0.7 -0.7 -0.8 -0.6 -1.1 -1.4 0.2 0.4 2.7 -1.2 0.7 0.9 0.6 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.8 1.3 1.1 1.5 5.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.4 -0.7 1.6 3.7 1.2 0.7 1.4 0.4 3.1 0.8 -0.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.9 -0.6 -0.3 -0.6 -2.5 -1.0 -0.4 -0.5 -1.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 -1.4 -1.8 -1.0 3.7 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, April 2019 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Frozen fish and seafood3....................... . Eggs....................................................... . Dairy and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milk2.......................................................... . Fresh whole milk3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh milk other than whole2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheese and related products1............................ . Ice cream and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other dairy and related products1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bananas1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Citrus fruits2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oranges, including tangerines3................... . Other fresh fruits2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potatoes................................................ . Lettuce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tomatoes1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fruits and vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits and vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned vegetables2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen fruits and vegetables2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen vegetables3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other processed fruits and vegetables including dried2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dried beans, peas, and lentils1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . . . Juices and nonalcoholic drinks2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carbonated drinks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks1, 2. . . . . . . . . . Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks2. . . . . . . . . Beverage materials including coffee and tea2. . . . . . . . . . . Coffee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted coffee3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instant coffee1, 3....................................... . Other beverage materials including tea1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . Other food at home........................................... . Sugar and sweets1......................................... . Sugar and sugar substitutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Candy and chewing gum1, 2............................ . Other sweets2............................................ . Fats and oils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter and margarine2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter3.................................................. . Margarine3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salad dressing2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fats and oils including peanut butter2. . . . . . . . . . Peanut butter1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other foods............................................... . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 0.091 0.723 0.201 0.231 0.104 0.187 1.301 1.029 0.540 0.077 0.080 0.151 0.232 0.489 0.079 0.067 0.079 0.265 0.272 0.152 0.077 0.043 0.877 0.628 0.266 0.009 0.354 0.250 0.160 0.090 1.826 0.281 0.041 0.185 0.054 0.213 0.061 0.051 0.100 1.333 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Jan. 2019Feb. 2019 Feb. 2019Mar. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 0.6 -16.4 0.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 -2.2 1.2 0.6 2.2 2.8 -0.3 1.3 -1.6 -2.0 -2.1 0.8 6.4 6.0 15.9 1.0 6.1 0.2 2.9 1.9 3.5 -2.4 -0.3 1.0 -3.5 0.0 0.2 0.6 -0.4 0.0 0.5 -0.5 -0.6 -0.5 0.3 0.8 -1.9 -1.6 -3.7 2.1 -1.4 -1.3 -2.1 -2.7 -0.9 -1.0 -1.4 -2.3 -0.9 -0.4 0.1 0.8 -1.4 0.3 0.1 0.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.7 -0.1 0.9 0.7 -0.3 -0.6 0.7 -0.9 -1.5 0.5 1.9 0.4 4.9 -4.4 1.2 1.4 2.1 2.5 2.2 0.8 2.1 -0.5 0.5 0.6 1.5 1.3 1.8 0.2 -0.9 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.3 3.1 1.2 2.0 2.4 6.4 -1.6 0.7 1.6 2.1 3.0 0.9 0.8 1.1 -1.6 -3.2 0.1 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 -0.5 -0.9 -0.7 -0.9 1.1 -1.9 -3.7 -4.4 0.6 -0.5 -1.4 -1.3 -2.7 -0.4 -1.4 -2.2 -2.9 -1.1 -1.4 -0.7 -3.9 -5.4 2.2 3.2 4.9 0.5 2.0 -0.1 -0.8 -1.1 0.3 1.2 0.2 0.9 -0.7 2.1 -1.4 -2.0 -1.2 -1.6 0.0 -1.0 -2.9 -3.2 0.4 -0.5 1.0 -0.8 -1.2 -1.3 -1.0 -1.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 1.1 1.2 -0.2 -1.4 0.2 -1.6 -1.9 -1.9 -3.4 -5.1 -0.2 -2.0 -1.0 -1.4 0.3 -1.5 -0.3 0.7 0.7 -0.2 0.5 1.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.9 -0.2 1.5 3.1 -1.6 -0.9 -1.0 0.6 0.3 1.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 1.3 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 1.1 1.3 1.1 2.0 0.8 1.5 0.6 1.8 0.4 0.4 -1.0 -0.2 -1.4 1.0 -0.9 -1.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.3 0.1 -0.4 0.1 1.1 1.2 -0.6 -1.4 -0.3 -1.6 -2.3 -2.2 -2.9 -3.9 -0.3 -1.7 -1.9 -1.4 -0.2 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, April 2019 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Jan. 2019Feb. 2019 Feb. 2019Mar. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.6 -0.3 -1.3 -1.3 0.4 1.6 1.1 0.6 1.1 -1.3 -1.2 0.1 0.4 -0.6 -0.1 1.6 -0.3 -1.1 -0.9 0.8 1.3 6.0 0.2 -1.2 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.3 1.9 4.0 1.5 -1.2 -0.4 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.1 -0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 0.0 1.0 1.2 -1.2 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 -0.4 -1.0 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 9.7 -0.2 1.4 -2.5 10.1 10.3 10.4 9.8 9.7 1.9 -0.6 -0.2 -1.8 0.4 1.5 1.6 2.6 0.1 1.5 1.5 1.7 0.1 0.8 -0.7 -0.8 -0.3 -2.4 3.5 6.2 1.4 2.1 1.6 6.4 6.5 6.9 5.3 3.8 3.5 0.3 0.4 -0.1 2.9 5.4 0.7 1.3 -1.0 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.9 6.6 1.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.8 Soups................................................... . Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods1. . . . . . . . . . Snacks1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces. . . . . . . . . . . Salt and other seasonings and spices2, 3. . . . . . . . Olives, pickles, relishes1, 2, 3...................... . Sauces and gravies2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other condiments3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baby food1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other miscellaneous foods1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared salads1, 3, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food away from home1......................................... . Full service meals and snacks1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limited service meals and snacks1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at employee sites and schools2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at elementary and secondary schools1, 3, 5. . . . . . . Food from vending machines and mobile vendors1, 2. . . . Other food away from home1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.081 0.229 0.309 0.271 Energy............................................................... . Energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel oil and other fuels....................................... . Fuel oil....................................................... . Propane, kerosene, and firewood6....................... . Motor fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded regular3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded midgrade3, 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded premium3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor fuels2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy services.................................................. . Electricity....................................................... . Utility (piped) gas service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.466 4.128 0.188 0.113 0.075 3.940 3.853 0.088 3.339 2.580 0.759 1.7 2.9 -1.3 -0.9 -2.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.6 1.6 0.0 0.6 -1.9 All items less food and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and supplies8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window and floor coverings and other linens1, 2. . . . . . . . Floor coverings1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window coverings1, 2.................................... . Other linens1, 2........................................... . Furniture and bedding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bedroom furniture1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture1, 2. . . Other furniture1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infants’ furniture1, 3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major appliances2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundry equipment3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other appliances2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other household equipment and furnishings2. . . . . . . . . . . Clocks, lamps, and decorator items1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indoor plants and flowers9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dishes and flatware1, 2.................................. . Nonelectric cookware and tableware2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.218 19.566 3.376 0.257 0.056 0.045 0.156 0.895 0.320 0.432 0.131 2.1 -0.2 0.4 -3.0 -0.5 -6.7 -2.8 1.6 0.6 1.7 3.7 0.2 -0.1 -0.6 -1.4 0.0 -1.9 -1.7 -0.5 -0.4 -0.6 -0.9 0.1 -0.2 0.3 -2.0 -1.0 1.2 -3.2 1.2 -0.1 0.6 3.6 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.4 1.8 -1.3 0.5 0.2 -0.5 0.4 3.5 0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -1.4 0.0 -1.9 -1.7 -0.7 -0.4 -0.6 -0.9 0.216 0.080 3.3 5.6 3.0 2.0 -4.1 -3.8 -0.6 -11.4 -4.1 0.7 1.8 3.3 0.0 -1.4 -1.7 -2.3 2.4 -1.7 -0.9 -0.6 -2.6 -0.9 0.6 2.6 0.2 -1.0 0.3 -0.7 -2.1 -1.0 -0.3 -1.4 -1.3 -0.3 -3.7 -0.8 0.5 1.0 2.3 0.2 -1.0 -1.7 0.1 2.4 -2.8 See footnotes at end of table. 0.050 0.392 6.037 2.996 2.572 0.181 0.091 0.197 0.133 0.499 0.275 0.093 0.050 0.080 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, April 2019 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies2. . . . Tools, hardware and supplies1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outdoor equipment and supplies2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housekeeping supplies1................................... . Household cleaning products1, 2....................... . Household paper products1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous household products1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel......................................................... . Men’s and boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s shirts and sweaters2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s pants and shorts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s and girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s dresses..................................... . Women’s suits and separates2...................... . Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s footwear1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boys’ and girls’ footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s footwear....................................... . Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry and watches6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watches1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry6................................................... . Transportation commodities less motor fuel8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . New vehicles................................................ . New cars and trucks2, 3................................. . New cars3.............................................. . New trucks3, 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle parts and equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tires1...................................................... . Vehicle accessories other than tires1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires1, 3.. . Motor oil, coolant, and fluids1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medicinal drugs8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prescription drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonprescription drugs1, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical equipment and supplies1, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreation commodities8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio products8................................ . Televisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other video equipment2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recorded music and music subscriptions1, 2. . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Jan. 2019Feb. 2019 Feb. 2019Mar. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 0.670 0.197 0.311 0.840 0.332 0.225 0.283 3.052 0.761 0.591 0.111 0.3 0.2 0.5 2.2 2.4 3.7 0.9 -3.0 -1.1 -1.5 0.0 -0.7 -0.6 -0.7 -0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.1 -0.2 -1.7 -1.6 -4.8 0.7 0.8 1.0 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 0.3 3.4 3.2 3.3 -0.6 -0.7 -0.5 0.7 0.8 1.8 -0.3 -1.9 -2.3 -1.0 0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.1 -0.8 -2.1 -1.9 -3.5 0.151 0.170 0.150 0.171 1.242 1.065 0.072 0.132 0.556 1.7 -5.5 -1.1 0.6 -5.1 -5.1 -3.3 -11.0 -6.5 -0.6 -2.3 0.8 -2.0 0.5 0.5 -0.5 -1.6 0.4 3.3 2.6 0.3 2.4 -0.9 -1.6 -0.8 0.2 -2.2 -1.0 -1.0 -0.3 -4.8 -2.4 -2.0 -3.8 -3.7 -4.0 -0.1 -3.0 0.3 -4.2 0.0 0.0 -1.8 -1.8 0.1 0.293 0.177 0.669 0.215 0.162 0.292 0.138 0.241 0.098 0.143 6.620 3.722 0.2 -5.0 -2.1 -2.8 0.4 -3.0 1.1 -2.1 3.0 -5.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.9 1.5 2.5 3.4 -1.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.8 3.8 -1.7 -9.1 -18.8 -0.5 3.8 -5.0 2.0 0.2 -0.6 -1.8 -0.6 0.3 -0.1 2.1 2.4 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 1.0 -5.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 2.0 -0.1 0.1 -1.6 -0.6 4.2 -0.1 -2.5 3.4 0.1 -0.9 2.0 0.9 2.4 -3.4 -4.8 -1.9 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -0.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.6 -0.2 -4.7 -1.0 -1.0 -1.0 -0.7 -0.6 -0.9 -1.6 -3.2 0.7 -1.8 0.3 2.9 -4.6 -2.0 -1.3 -1.4 -2.2 -0.3 0.9 7.5 -4.7 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 -0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.0 5.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.1 -1.5 0.0 -1.7 -4.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 2.1 0.1 -1.6 -1.8 -1.5 -0.4 -0.3 1.5 2.4 2.9 -0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -1.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 1.0 -5.2 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 2.0 -0.3 0.0 -1.4 -1.7 4.2 -0.1 2.405 0.380 0.226 0.155 1.693 1.637 1.302 0.335 0.056 1.785 0.217 0.091 0.027 0.043 0.047 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, April 2019 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Pets and pet products1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet food1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories1, 2, 3. . . . Sporting goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sports vehicles including bicycles1. . .................. . Sports equipment........................................ . Photographic equipment and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Film and photographic supplies1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Photographic equipment2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational reading materials1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newspapers and magazines1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational books1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other recreational goods2................................. . Toys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toys, games,2 hobbies and playground equipment , 3. . . . . . . ................................. . Sewing machines, fabric and supplies1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . Music instruments and accessories1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication commodities8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational books and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College textbooks1, 3, 11................................. . Information technology commodities8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computers, peripherals, and smart home assistant devices4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer software and accessories1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telephone hardware, calculators, and other consumer information items1, 2...................... . Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home. . . . . . . . Distilled spirits at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whiskey at home1, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home1, 3. . . . Wine at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages away from home1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from 1 home , 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wine away from home1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits away from home1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other goods8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco and smoking products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cigarettes2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco products other than cigarettes1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . Personal care products1................................... . Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal care products1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and implements1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous personal goods2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap3. . . . . . . . . . . . . Infants’ equipment1, 3, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less energy services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelter.......................................................... . Rent of shelter12............................................ . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Jan. 2019Feb. 2019 Feb. 2019Mar. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 0.495 0.289 0.199 0.032 2.6 2.2 3.1 0.1 2.1 -2.7 -5.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.1 -0.7 0.7 1.7 0.5 0.7 0.3 -1.9 -1.7 -1.3 -2.3 0.3 0.5 -0.1 1.0 1.6 -0.4 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.9 -0.7 0.3 1.3 0.114 0.070 0.044 0.321 0.249 -5.0 2.5 4.8 -1.0 -7.5 -9.8 1.6 1.1 1.5 0.5 -1.6 -1.6 -2.2 -2.7 -3.7 -1.2 -0.6 -1.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 -0.6 -0.7 -1.2 0.9 1.1 1.5 0.5 -1.6 -1.7 0.395 -6.8 7.6 -0.3 -5.0 -0.4 -0.4 -6.5 -1.3 -2.6 -0.5 -0.7 -0.1 0.3 -0.8 -0.4 1.8 0.5 -0.5 0.8 0.8 -0.9 0.7 2.5 0.6 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -1.3 -2.6 -0.5 -1.1 0.1 0.3 -1.5 0.304 0.023 -4.4 -7.9 -0.7 -4.2 -0.9 0.4 0.5 -0.9 -1.5 -4.2 0.068 0.965 0.601 0.267 0.082 0.253 0.364 -14.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.6 0.1 1.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.3 -0.2 -0.9 -1.8 -0.4 -0.3 0.2 -1.2 0.2 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.4 -0.3 -1.8 -0.1 -0.4 -0.6 -0.2 0.1 -0.5 -0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.7 -1.8 -0.4 -0.3 0.2 1.551 0.666 0.590 0.060 0.678 1.7 2.0 0.3 1.0 4.6 4.8 2.7 -0.7 -0.2 0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 -0.6 0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.9 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 -0.4 0.6 -0.4 0.4 0.5 1.6 1.8 -0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.2 1.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.4 0.376 1.0 0.6 -0.2 -0.4 0.6 0.295 0.207 -2.7 -4.4 -1.0 -10.1 2.8 3.4 3.5 0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.4 -0.7 3.6 1.6 -1.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.7 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.2 -0.3 -0.7 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.606 0.025 0.035 0.524 0.129 59.652 33.238 32.868 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, April 2019 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Rent of primary residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging away from home2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing at school, excluding board12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other lodging away from home including hotels and motels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of residences12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence12. . . Tenants’ and household insurance1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water and sewer and trash collection services2. . . . . . . . Water and sewerage maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Garbage and trash collection1, 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Household operations1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestic services1, 2.................................... . Gardening and lawncare services1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moving, storage, freight expense2..................... . Repair of household items1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physicians’ services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dental services........................................ . Eyeglasses and eye care1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services by other medical professionals1, 6. . . . . . . . Hospital and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospital services13.................................... . Inpatient hospital services13, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outpatient hospital services3, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing homes and adult day services13. . . . . . . . . . . Care of invalids and elderly at home1, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . Health insurance1, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation services.................................... . Leased cars and trucks1, 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Car and truck rental2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . Motor vehicle maintenance and repair1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle body work1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing1. . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle repair1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle fees1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State motor vehicle registration and license fees1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parking and other fees1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parking fees and tolls2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automobile service clubs1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline fares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Other intercity transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intercity bus fare1, 3, 4.............................. . Intercity train fare1, 3, 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ship fare1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Intracity transportation1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intracity mass transit1, 3, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreation services8....................................... . Video and audio services8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable and satellite television service10. . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Jan. 2019Feb. 2019 Feb. 2019Mar. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 7.916 0.998 0.113 3.8 4.1 2.5 0.4 2.1 0.0 0.3 1.3 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.884 23.954 22.618 0.371 1.090 0.823 0.267 0.882 0.304 0.293 0.102 0.106 6.973 3.234 1.717 0.787 0.315 0.415 2.606 2.324 4.3 3.4 3.4 1.4 3.6 3.2 4.5 3.9 3.5 2.8 5.0 6.6 2.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 3.7 3.5 10.7 1.1 0.2 -4.3 3.8 3.2 4.5 2.9 1.4 2.0 2.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.0 -1.0 0.8 6.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.6 0.1 0.3 1.5 0.3 -0.1 0.7 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.5 -0.5 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 -0.3 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.3 -0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.2 -2.2 -0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.2 0.4 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -0.6 0.1 0.7 1.3 -0.1 -1.6 -6.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.3 1.8 0.0 0.3 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.3 0.0 -0.6 -1.9 0.8 0.0 0.9 0.7 -0.1 0.0 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.0 -1.0 1.2 6.4 0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.8 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.278 0.247 1.0 3.2 2.9 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.133 0.682 0.166 -1.2 -1.8 -0.6 11.0 2.3 3.5 1.5 2.9 0.2 0.5 0.9 -3.6 -0.2 -0.6 1.1 9.0 0.3 -0.1 1.1 2.9 -0.4 0.3 0.6 3.1 1.8 1.6 1.3 -0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.4 -0.4 0.8 0.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 1.7 0.3 0.2 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 1.3 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.194 0.088 1.132 5.936 0.632 0.109 1.132 0.056 0.640 0.372 2.388 0.542 0.277 3.892 1.602 1.511 Table 2. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by detailed expenditure category, April 2019 — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Expenditure category Video discs and other media, including rental of 1 video , 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . Video discs and other media1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rental of video discs and other media1, 2, 3. . . . . Pet services including veterinary2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet services1, 2, 3...................................... . Veterinarian services2, 3.............................. . Photographers and photo processing1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographer fees1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photo processing1, 2, 3................................ . Other recreation services2.............................. . Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or other organizations, or participant sports fees1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission 1to movies, theaters, and concerts , 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission to sporting events1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fees for lessons or instructions1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication services8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuition, other school fees, and childcare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . College tuition and fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . . . Child care and nursery school9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical and business school tuition and fees2.. . Postage and delivery services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delivery services2..................................... . Telephone services1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wireless telephone services1, 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land-line telephone services1, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internet services and electronic information providers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other personal services1, 8................................ . Personal care services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haircuts and other personal care services1, 2. . . . . . Miscellaneous personal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Funeral expenses1, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundry and dry cleaning services1, 2. . . . . . . . ...... . Apparel services other than laundry and dry 1 cleaning , 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial services6.................................... . Checking account and other bank services1, 2, 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax return preparation and other accounting 2 fees , 3............................................. . 1 Not seasonally adjusted. Indexes on a December 1997=100 base. 3 Special index based on a substantially smaller sample. 4 Indexes on a December 2007=100 base. 5 Indexes on a December 2005=100 base. 6 Indexes on a December 1986=100 base. 7 Indexes on a December 1993=100 base. 8 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base. 9 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base. 2 Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Jan. 2019Feb. 2019 Feb. 2019Mar. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 0.038 4.2 2.9 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.9 -0.3 1.832 2.8 4.3 -0.9 -2.1 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 -1.3 0.0 -2.9 0.6 2.1 3.1 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.7 -0.2 -3.5 3.1 -0.4 1.0 0.7 2.4 0.2 -0.8 0.6 -0.3 -1.3 1.3 1.0 -0.9 -2.1 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 -1.3 0.0 -2.9 0.6 0.680 0.656 4.4 4.3 0.5 0.9 0.8 -2.2 -0.1 2.4 0.5 0.8 0.219 6.001 2.899 1.609 0.334 0.805 0.032 0.113 0.099 0.014 2.207 1.635 0.572 2.1 7.8 3.0 1.5 3.4 3.9 4.4 2.3 1.5 5.6 5.9 3.8 -1.7 -2.9 1.9 0.2 2.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 -7.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.0 1.8 1.9 1.3 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.5 5.2 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 -0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.3 0.2 2.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.774 1.641 0.629 0.629 1.011 0.306 0.127 0.241 3.1 1.8 2.6 2.6 1.2 0.6 2.0 3.5 0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -1.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.9 0.1 0.4 -1.1 -0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.8 0.0 0.2 0.8 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -1.2 0.2 0.3 0.029 0.235 4.7 -0.9 -0.8 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.6 -3.7 -0.8 -0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2.6 0.2 2.6 -7.8 -0.6 0.091 0.418 10 Indexes Indexes 12 Indexes 13 Indexes 11 on on on on a a a a December December December December 1983=100 2001=100 1982=100 1996=100 base. base. base. base. Table 3. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, special aggregate indexes, April 2019 [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Special aggregate indexes All items less food.................................. . All items less shelter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less food and shelter.................... . All items less food, shelter, and energy. . . . . . . . . . All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and trucks................................... . All items less medical care........................ . All items less energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and beverages. . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less rent of shelter1................... . Services less medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . Durables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables......................................... . Nondurables less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . . . Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . Housing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................... . Education and communication2................... . Education2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communication2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information and information processing2. . . . Information technology, hardware and services3..................................... . Recreation2.......................................... . Video and audio2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pets, pet products and services2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photography2..................................... . Food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestically produced farm food.............. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel less footwear.............................. . Fuels and utilities................................... . Household energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New and used motor vehicles2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities and public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and operations. . . . . . . . . . . Other goods and services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. Indexes on a December 1997=100 base. 3 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base. 2 Unadjusted indexes Unadjusted percent change Seasonally adjusted percent change Relative importance Mar. 2019 Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Jan. 2019Feb. 2019 Feb. 2019Mar. 2019 Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 86.685 66.762 53.447 45.980 250.117 231.735 226.011 229.888 253.643 233.290 226.909 232.222 255.194 234.723 228.655 232.380 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0 43.575 91.334 92.534 37.009 235.421 239.339 255.750 185.271 237.836 242.776 260.505 184.993 238.012 244.134 260.925 186.884 1.1 2.0 2.0 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 17.161 23.694 22.729 62.991 30.124 56.018 9.951 27.058 13.743 12.778 146.444 154.606 151.325 314.807 334.681 299.443 104.891 226.564 203.427 200.568 146.120 152.742 149.344 322.456 340.396 306.807 105.379 225.714 198.584 195.255 145.964 155.187 151.843 323.228 340.756 307.576 105.178 229.028 204.336 201.358 -0.3 0.4 0.3 2.7 1.8 2.7 0.3 1.1 0.4 0.4 -0.1 1.6 1.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.2 1.5 2.9 3.1 -0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.6 0.5 0.6 -0.2 0.9 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.8 1.6 1.7 -0.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.7 1.5 1.7 9.726 10.691 42.113 6.524 3.027 3.497 3.385 249.354 248.132 256.969 135.943 255.564 73.808 69.916 242.842 242.500 263.886 137.082 263.905 72.943 68.950 252.960 251.663 264.452 137.182 263.944 73.032 69.037 1.4 1.4 2.9 0.9 3.3 -1.1 -1.3 4.2 3.8 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 -0.1 2.9 2.6 0.3 0.1 0.5 -0.2 -0.3 2.4 2.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.178 5.676 1.819 1.024 0.072 14.280 6.072 11.533 2.383 4.617 3.526 8.666 16.497 15.363 6.981 9.280 4.258 3.191 2.526 7.420 118.966 104.412 171.781 75.392 252.999 248.373 350.431 122.435 238.857 198.418 484.034 210.734 206.149 99.117 216.712 122.031 442.553 231.585 7.390 120.743 105.119 176.496 73.161 257.430 250.216 357.332 118.637 241.550 199.429 492.306 208.836 204.680 99.975 216.735 123.746 448.471 232.888 7.394 120.821 104.750 177.070 73.238 257.393 249.685 357.646 118.538 240.773 198.366 493.331 214.142 209.918 99.984 216.953 123.345 448.658 232.902 -0.4 1.6 0.3 3.1 -2.9 1.7 0.5 2.1 -3.2 0.8 0.0 1.9 1.6 1.8 0.9 0.1 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 -0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 0.2 2.5 2.6 0.0 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 0.6 -1.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 -0.5 -0.6 -0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.6 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.6 -0.7 0.3 -0.4 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 -1.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.5 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.3 1.2 1.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 Table 4. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): Selected areas, all items index, April 2019 [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Area Pricing Schedule1 U.S. city average. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M Percent change to Apr. 2019 from: Percent change to Mar. 2019 from: Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Mar. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 2.0 1.1 0.5 1.9 1.0 0.6 Region and area size2 Northeast..................................................... . Northeast - Size Class A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northeast - Size Class B/C3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New England4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M M M M M 1.7 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.5 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.7 1.8 1.5 2.1 1.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.4 Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Midwest - Size Class A.................................. . Midwest - Size Class B/C3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East North Central4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West North Central4...................................... . M M M M M 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.7 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.9 South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South - Size Class A..................................... . South - Size Class B/C3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . South Atlantic4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . East South Central4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................... . West South Central4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M M M M M M 1.8 2.1 1.6 2.3 0.7 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.6 1.6 1.9 1.5 2.0 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West - Size Class A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . West - Size Class B/C3.................................. . Mountain4.................................................. . Pacific4..................................................... . M M M M M 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.2 3.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 Size Class A ................................................ . M Size Class B/C3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M 2.1 1.9 1.0 1.1 0.5 0.6 2.0 1.7 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.6 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M 0.8 3.3 1.6 0.0 1.6 0.6 -0.1 1.0 0.3 1.5 2.7 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.3 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL. . . . . . . . . . . Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD. . . . . . . Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA.................... . Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Louis, MO-IL............................................. . Urban Alaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.6 1.0 1.8 2.2 1.9 2.3 4.0 2.4 1.0 2.7 1.4 1.7 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.2 0.5 1.0 0.6 Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minneapolis-St.Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA4.................. . San Diego-Carlsbad, CA. . . . . . . . . . . ........................ . Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Urban Hawaii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV6. . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.1 2.7 1.4 2.3 2.8 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.6 0.5 1.1 1.3 1.4 0.7 0.5 1.9 0.5 0.7 Size classes 5 Selected local areas 1 2 Foods, fuels, and several other items are priced every month in all areas. Most other goods and services are priced as indicated: M - Every month. 1 - January, March, May, July, September, and November. 2 - February, April, June, August, October, and December. Regions defined as the four Census regions. 3 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base. Indexes on a December 2017=100 base. 5 Indexes on a December 1986=100 base. 6 1998 - 2017 indexes based on substantially smaller sample. 7 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base. 8 Indexes on a 1987=100 base. NOTE: Local area indexes are byproducts of the national CPI program. Each local index has a smaller sample size than the national index and is, therefore, subject to substantially more sampling and other measurement error. As a result, local area indexes show greater volatility than the national index, although their long-term trends are similar. Therefore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics strongly urges users to consider adopting the national average CPI for use in their escalator clauses. 4 Table 5. Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (C-CPI-U) and the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, all items index, April 2019 [Percent changes] Month Year December December December December December December December December December December December December December December December December December Unadjusted 12-month percent change C-CPI-U1 CPI-U 2.6 1.3 2.0 1.7 3.2 2.9 2.3 3.7 0.2 2.5 1.3 2.9 1.5 1.3 0.5 0.4 1.8 3.4 1.6 2.4 1.9 3.3 3.4 2.5 4.1 0.1 2.7 1.5 3.0 1.7 1.5 0.8 0.7 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.9 2.0 CPI-U 2000............................ . 2001............................ . 2002............................ . 2003............................ . 2004............................ . 2005............................ . 2006............................ . 2007............................ . 2008............................ . 2009............................ . 2010............................ . 2011............................ . 2012............................ . 2013............................ . 2014............................ . 2015............................ . 2016............................ . January 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 2017................................. . April 2017................................... . May 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2017................................ . September 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 2017. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 2017............................ . December 2017............................ . January 2018. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 2018. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 2018................................. . April 2018................................... . May 2018. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 2018. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 2018. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 2018................................ . September 2018. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 2018. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 2018............................ . December 2018............................ . January 2019. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 2019. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . March 2019................................. . April 2019................................... . 1 Unadjusted 1-month percent change C-CPI-U1 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 -0.2 0.3 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.5 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 The C-CPI-U is designed to be a closer approximation to a cost-of-living index in that it, in its final form, accounts for any substitution that consumers make across item categories in response to changes in relative prices. Since the expenditure data required for the calculation of the C-CPI-U are available only with a time lag, the C-CPI-U is issued first in preliminary form using the latest available expenditure data at that time and is subject to four revisions. Indexes are issued as initial estimates. Indexes are revised each quarter with the publication of January, April, July, and October data as updated expenditure estimates become available. The C-CPI-U indexes are updated quarterly until they become final. January-March indexes are final in January of the following year; April-June indexes are final in April of the following year; July-September indexes are final in July of the following year; October-December indexes are final in October of the following year. Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 1-month analysis table [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category All items................................................................ . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cereals and bakery products................................ . Cereals and cereal products.............................. . Flour and prepared flour mixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breakfast cereal4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rice, pasta, cornmeal4.................................. . Rice4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bakery products4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bread4, 5................................................ . White bread4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bread other than white4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies...................... . Cookies6............................................. . Fresh cakes and cupcakes4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts4, 6. . . . Crackers, bread, and cracker products6. . . . . . . . . Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies, tarts, turnovers6.................................. . Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs............................... . Meats, poultry, and fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beef and veal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked ground beef4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef roasts4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef steaks5............................ . Uncooked other beef and veal4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork..................................................... . Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related products5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bacon and related products6................... . Breakfast sausage and related products5, 6. . . Ham.................................................. . Ham, excluding canned6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork chops4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... . Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs5.. . Other meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frankfurters6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lunchmeats5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lamb and organ meats4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lamb and mutton4, 5, 6............................. . Poultry4................................................. . Chicken4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh whole chicken4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh and frozen chicken parts4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other uncooked poultry including turkey5. . . . . . . . Fish and seafood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fish and seafood5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fish and seafood5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 100.000 13.315 7.278 0.961 0.311 0.040 0.150 0.120 0.650 0.192 0.092 0.162 0.204 1.590 1.499 0.939 0.427 0.168 0.062 0.160 0.038 0.293 0.132 0.054 0.042 0.065 0.219 0.310 0.255 0.055 0.250 0.130 0.120 Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 0.3 -0.1 -0.5 -0.1 -1.0 -1.1 -0.1 -1.5 1.3 0.0 0.7 1.2 -0.1 -0.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.2 -0.7 -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.1 -0.4 -1.2 1.1 -0.3 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2019Apr. 20191 -0.014 -0.033 -0.001 -0.003 0.000 0.000 -0.002 0.000 0.001 -0.001 0.001 -0.001 -0.003 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.002 0.000 -0.002 0.000 -0.001 -0.6 -1.1 -1.4 0.2 0.4 2.7 -1.2 0.7 0.9 0.6 -0.001 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.8 -1.4 -1.8 -1.0 0.002 0.002 0.000 0.001 -0.001 0.001 0.000 -0.003 -0.002 -0.001 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.29 0.57 0.83 0.69 0.92 0.91 0.33 0.58 0.83 0.82 0.68 0.57 0.88 0.58 0.57 0.92 1.03 S-Feb.2019 S-Jun.2017 S-Mar.2016 S-Jan.2019 S-Oct.2018 S-Oct.2018 S-Jan.2019 S-Oct.2018 L-Nov.2018 – L-Dec.2018 L-Dec.2018 S-Jan.2019 S-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Oct.2017 S-Aug.2018 L-Feb.2019 0.2 -0.1 -0.5 -0.4 -1.8 -2.4 -1.1 -2.8 2.7 – 1.2 1.9 -0.1 -0.9 1.6 2.3 -1.6 -0.9 -1.1 0.8 0.70 0.24 0.25 0.31 0.42 0.62 1.15 0.74 0.71 0.62 S-Jan.2019 – L-Feb.2019 – L-Jan.2019 L-Jul.2017 S-Nov.2018 S-Jan.2018 L-Jun.2018 S-Feb.2019 -0.6 – 0.3 – 1.4 1.8 -0.4 -1.5 1.4 -0.7 0.77 0.99 1.02 1.52 1.59 1.62 1.30 0.66 1.35 0.64 S-Oct.2018 S-Oct.2018 S-Dec.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 -1.0 -1.2 -1.8 -3.0 -2.9 3.1 -2.7 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.54 0.60 1.31 0.69 1.16 0.47 0.71 0.63 L-Feb.2019 L-Oct.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 S-Apr.2017 S-Apr.2017 S-Feb.2018 1.2 1.0 1.4 1.3 3.1 -2.0 -1.8 -1.9 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Shelf stable fish and seafood4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen fish and seafood6....................... . Eggs....................................................... . Dairy and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milk5.......................................................... . Fresh whole milk6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh milk other than whole5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheese and related products4............................ . Ice cream and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other dairy and related products4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bananas4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Citrus fruits5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oranges, including tangerines6................... . Other fresh fruits5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potatoes................................................ . Lettuce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tomatoes4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fruits and vegetables5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits and vegetables5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned vegetables5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen fruits and vegetables5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen vegetables6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other processed fruits and vegetables including dried5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dried beans, peas, and lentils4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . . . Juices and nonalcoholic drinks5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carbonated drinks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks4, 5. . . . . . . . . . Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks5. . . . . . . . . Beverage materials including coffee and tea5. . . . . . . . . . . Coffee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted coffee6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instant coffee4, 6....................................... . Other beverage materials including tea4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . Other food at home........................................... . Sugar and sweets4......................................... . Sugar and sugar substitutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Candy and chewing gum4, 5............................ . Other sweets5............................................ . Fats and oils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter and margarine5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter6.................................................. . Margarine6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salad dressing5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fats and oils including peanut butter5. . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 0.091 0.723 0.201 0.231 0.104 0.187 1.301 1.029 0.540 0.077 0.080 0.151 0.232 0.489 0.079 0.067 0.079 0.265 0.272 0.152 0.077 0.043 0.877 0.628 0.266 0.009 0.354 0.250 0.160 0.090 1.826 0.281 0.041 0.185 0.054 0.213 0.061 0.051 0.100 Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 3.7 -1.6 -3.2 0.1 0.9 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.7 -0.5 -0.9 -0.7 -0.9 1.1 -1.9 -3.7 -4.4 0.6 -0.5 -1.4 -1.3 -2.7 -0.4 -1.4 -2.2 -2.9 -1.1 -1.4 -0.7 -1.4 1.0 -0.9 -1.0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.3 0.1 -0.4 0.1 1.1 1.2 -0.6 -1.4 -0.3 -1.6 -2.3 -2.2 -2.9 -3.9 -0.3 -1.7 -1.9 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2019Apr. 20191 -0.003 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.001 -0.001 -0.011 -0.008 -0.005 0.001 -0.002 -0.006 0.001 -0.002 -0.001 -0.001 -0.002 -0.001 -0.004 -0.003 -0.001 -0.001 -0.008 -0.006 -0.001 0.000 -0.005 0.000 -0.001 0.001 -0.011 -0.004 0.000 -0.003 -0.001 -0.005 -0.002 -0.001 -0.002 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 1.04 0.82 1.07 0.27 0.48 0.62 0.56 0.58 0.98 0.57 0.33 0.38 0.50 1.17 0.77 0.90 1.20 0.97 0.53 1.53 1.78 1.43 0.68 0.59 0.82 0.95 1.10 0.99 1.23 L-Mar.2018 S-Apr.2017 S-Jun.2018 S-Jan.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Nov.2018 S-Jan.2017 S-Jan.2017 S-Nov.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Sep.2017 S-Jun.2014 S-Jun.2014 S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2017 S-Jan.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Jun.2018 S-Apr.2014 S-Jan.2003 S-Nov.2003 S-Oct.2018 S-Aug.2014 S-Jan.2019 3.9 -2.1 -5.5 -0.3 0.1 0.6 -0.5 -0.6 0.7 -1.5 -1.6 -1.7 -0.9 -0.6 -3.4 -6.9 -6.0 0.5 -1.7 -1.5 -7.1 -4.4 -0.5 -1.4 -2.7 -3.3 -1.3 -1.9 -2.2 0.76 1.42 0.45 0.58 1.22 0.45 0.55 0.63 0.76 0.84 1.22 0.94 0.23 0.65 0.79 0.89 1.08 0.52 0.95 1.09 0.82 1.10 0.72 S-Feb.2019 – S-Dec.2010 S-May 2013 S-Jul.2018 S-Sep.2018 S-Feb.2010 L-Dec.2018 S-Jan.2019 L-Dec.2018 L-Dec.2018 L-Dec.2018 S-Aug.2013 S-Nov.2011 S-Dec.2018 S-Apr.2015 S-Jan.2017 S-EVER S-Apr.2009 S-Mar.2015 S-Feb.2019 S-Aug.2017 S-Feb.2013 -1.5 – -1.3 -1.2 -0.5 -1.4 -1.5 0.9 -1.4 0.6 2.0 1.2 -0.7 -1.7 -1.0 -2.0 -2.4 – -3.5 -4.4 -1.6 -1.7 -1.9 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Peanut butter4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other foods............................................... . Soups................................................... . Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods4. . . . . . . . . . Snacks4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces. . . . . . . . . . . Salt and other seasonings and spices5, 6. . . . . . . . Olives, pickles, relishes4, 5, 6...................... . Sauces and gravies5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other condiments6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baby food4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other miscellaneous foods4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared salads4, 7, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food away from home4......................................... . Full service meals and snacks4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limited service meals and snacks4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at employee sites and schools5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at elementary and secondary schools4, 8, 6. . . . . . . Food from vending machines and mobile vendors4, 5. . . . Other food away from home4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative importance Mar. 2019 1.333 0.081 0.229 0.309 0.271 0.050 0.392 6.037 2.996 2.572 0.181 0.091 0.197 Energy............................................................... . Energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel oil and other fuels....................................... . Fuel oil....................................................... . Propane, kerosene, and firewood9....................... . Motor fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded regular6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded midgrade10, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded premium6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor fuels5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy services.................................................. . Electricity....................................................... . Utility (piped) gas service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.466 4.128 0.188 0.113 0.075 3.940 3.853 All items less food and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and supplies11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window and floor coverings and other linens4, 5. . . . . . . . Floor coverings4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window coverings4, 5.................................... . Other linens4, 5........................................... . Furniture and bedding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bedroom furniture4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture4, 5. . . Other furniture4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infants’ furniture4, 8, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major appliances5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundry equipment6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other appliances5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other household equipment and furnishings5. . . . . . . . . . . Clocks, lamps, and decorator items4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2019Apr. 20191 Standard error, median price change2 -1.4 -0.2 -0.1 1.6 -0.3 -1.1 -0.9 -0.002 0.000 0.004 -0.001 -0.003 -0.4 -1.0 1.3 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.001 0.003 0.020 0.012 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 Date Percent change 1.06 0.29 0.97 0.57 0.71 0.61 0.92 S-Jan.2019 – L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-May 2016 S-Aug.2018 -2.5 – 0.4 1.6 -0.4 -1.2 -0.9 0.83 0.93 0.83 0.47 0.84 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.22 0.15 0.16 0.13 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 S-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 – – S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 -0.9 -1.6 2.8 1.4 -0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 – – -0.1 0.0 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 L-Nov.2017 L-Sep.2017 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 0.4 1.5 -1.7 -1.3 -1.9 1.5 1.5 1.7 6.0 7.3 -0.7 -0.8 -0.3 -2.4 0.088 3.339 2.580 0.759 2.9 5.4 0.7 1.3 -1.0 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.9 6.6 1.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.8 0.001 -0.005 0.001 -0.006 0.19 0.20 0.55 0.86 0.63 0.20 0.20 0.44 0.43 0.40 0.21 0.34 0.37 0.51 79.218 19.566 3.376 0.257 0.056 0.045 0.156 0.895 0.320 0.432 0.131 0.1 -0.3 -0.5 -1.4 0.0 -1.9 -1.7 -0.7 -0.4 -0.6 -0.9 0.109 -0.066 -0.018 -0.004 0.000 -0.001 -0.003 -0.007 -0.001 -0.002 -0.001 0.04 0.09 0.20 0.93 0.77 1.73 1.42 0.42 0.68 0.65 0.74 – S-Jan.2015 S-May 2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Dec.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Mar.2018 L-Feb.2019 S-Jul.2018 S-Jan.2019 – -0.3 -0.5 -2.0 -1.0 -2.1 -3.2 -0.7 -0.1 -1.1 -1.0 0.216 0.080 0.5 1.0 2.3 0.2 -1.0 -1.7 0.001 0.001 0.62 1.10 1.77 0.74 0.58 0.83 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Nov.2018 L-Jan.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Dec.2018 1.4 1.0 2.5 1.3 0.6 -3.8 0.133 0.499 0.275 0.223 0.228 0.001 0.001 -0.001 0.227 0.226 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 0.000 -0.005 -0.005 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Indoor plants and flowers12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dishes and flatware4, 5.................................. . Nonelectric cookware and tableware5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies5. . . . Tools, hardware and supplies4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outdoor equipment and supplies5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housekeeping supplies4................................... . Household cleaning products4, 5....................... . Household paper products4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous household products4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel......................................................... . Men’s and boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s shirts and sweaters5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s pants and shorts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s and girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s dresses..................................... . Women’s suits and separates5...................... . Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s footwear4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boys’ and girls’ footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s footwear....................................... . Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry and watches9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watches4, 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry9................................................... . Transportation commodities less motor fuel11. . . . . . . . . . . . . New vehicles................................................ . New cars and trucks5, 6................................. . New cars6.............................................. . New trucks13, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle parts and equipment4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tires4...................................................... . Vehicle accessories other than tires4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires4, 6.. . Motor oil, coolant, and fluids4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medicinal drugs11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prescription drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonprescription drugs4, 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical equipment and supplies4, 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreation commodities11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio products11............................... . See footnotes at end of table. Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2019Apr. 20191 Standard error, median price change2 0.093 0.050 0.080 0.670 0.197 0.311 0.840 0.332 0.225 0.283 3.052 0.761 0.591 0.111 0.1 2.4 -2.8 -0.5 -0.6 -0.6 -0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.1 -0.8 -2.1 -1.9 -3.5 0.000 0.001 -0.002 -0.004 -0.001 -0.002 -0.001 0.000 -0.001 0.000 -0.023 -0.016 -0.011 -0.004 0.151 0.170 0.150 0.171 1.242 1.065 0.072 0.132 0.556 -0.1 -3.0 0.3 -4.2 0.0 0.0 -1.8 -1.8 0.1 0.293 0.177 0.669 0.215 0.162 0.292 0.138 0.241 0.098 0.143 6.620 3.722 2.1 0.1 -1.6 -1.8 -1.5 -0.4 -0.3 1.5 2.4 2.9 -0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -1.3 -0.2 -0.4 0.1 1.0 -5.2 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 2.0 -0.3 0.0 Relative importance Mar. 2019 2.405 0.380 0.226 0.155 1.693 1.637 1.302 0.335 0.056 1.785 0.217 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.94 1.31 0.98 0.45 0.59 0.56 0.29 0.39 0.45 0.55 0.51 0.92 0.95 2.00 L-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2019 S-EVER L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-May 2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Apr.2017 S-Sep.2016 0.2 2.7 – 0.7 0.8 -0.8 -0.1 0.1 -0.7 0.7 0.3 3.4 -2.1 -3.5 0.000 -0.005 0.000 -0.007 0.000 0.000 -0.001 -0.002 0.001 1.31 1.43 1.30 1.76 0.91 1.03 2.55 1.83 1.32 L-Feb.2019 S-Aug.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2019 3.3 -3.0 0.3 2.4 1.5 1.6 -0.8 0.2 3.0 0.006 0.000 -0.010 -0.004 -0.003 -0.001 0.000 0.004 0.002 0.004 -0.029 0.004 1.25 1.59 0.72 1.07 1.46 0.92 1.42 1.34 1.49 1.94 0.12 0.21 0.22 0.25 0.23 0.02 0.33 0.46 0.55 0.53 0.90 0.20 0.21 0.24 0.47 0.58 0.21 0.47 S-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Jun.2018 S-Sep.2018 L-Feb.2019 – L-Mar.2018 S-Feb.2019 L-May 2016 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Sep.2018 S-Apr.2018 S-Jul.2018 S-Feb.2019 L-Jul.2018 S-EVER L-Jul.2017 L-May 2018 L-May 2018 L-Oct.2018 L-May 2018 S-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2019 -2.5 3.4 0.1 -2.1 -1.9 0.9 – 1.7 -4.8 3.8 -0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.1 -2.1 -0.3 -0.4 -0.6 1.0 – 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.5 2.5 -0.9 0.6 -0.031 -0.001 -0.001 0.000 0.015 0.009 0.010 0.002 0.001 -0.006 0.000 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Televisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other video equipment5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio equipment4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recorded music and music subscriptions4, 5. . . . . . . . . Pets and pet products4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet food4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories4, 5, 6. . . . Sporting goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sports vehicles including bicycles4. . .................. . Sports equipment........................................ . Photographic equipment and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Film and photographic supplies4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Photographic equipment5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational reading materials4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newspapers and magazines4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational books4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other recreational goods5................................. . Toys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toys, games,5 hobbies and playground equipment , 6. . . . . . . ................................. . Sewing machines, fabric and supplies4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . Music instruments and accessories4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication commodities11. . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational books and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College textbooks4, 14, 6................................. . Information technology commodities11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computers, peripherals, and smart home assistant devices7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer software and accessories4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telephone hardware, calculators, and other consumer information items4, 5...................... . Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home. . . . . . . . Distilled spirits at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whiskey at home4, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home4, 6. . . . Wine at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages away from home4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from 4 home , 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wine away from home4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits away from home4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other goods11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco and smoking products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cigarettes5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco products other than cigarettes4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . Personal care products4................................... . Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal care products4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and implements4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous personal goods5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap6. . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2019Apr. 20191 -0.001 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.002 0.495 0.289 0.199 0.032 -1.4 -1.7 4.2 -0.1 0.4 0.4 0.3 -0.9 -0.7 0.3 1.3 0.114 0.070 0.044 0.321 0.249 0.9 1.1 1.5 0.5 -1.6 -1.7 Relative importance Mar. 2019 0.091 0.027 0.043 0.047 0.606 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change -0.005 -0.002 0.001 0.000 0.69 0.78 1.18 0.55 0.25 0.29 0.53 0.48 0.74 0.43 0.81 L-Jan.2019 S-Aug.2017 L-EVER S-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 S-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 L-Dec.2018 L-Jan.2019 -0.6 -2.4 – -0.1 0.5 0.1 0.3 -1.9 -1.7 0.5 1.5 0.001 0.001 0.000 -0.005 -0.004 0.94 0.86 0.94 1.46 0.48 0.60 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 S-May 2002 S-May 2018 1.4 2.3 2.6 1.9 -1.8 -1.7 S-Oct.2018 S-Apr.2017 S-Jan.2019 S-Nov.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Oct.2018 -1.7 -5.2 -1.3 -1.2 0.8 0.8 -1.7 0.395 -1.3 -2.6 -0.5 -1.1 0.1 0.3 -1.5 -0.006 0.78 1.54 0.52 0.41 0.78 0.69 0.54 0.304 0.023 -1.5 -4.2 -0.005 -0.001 0.64 1.29 S-Nov.2018 S-May 2016 -1.5 -4.3 0.068 0.965 0.601 0.267 0.082 0.000 -0.002 -0.002 -0.001 -0.001 0.253 0.364 -0.2 -0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.7 -1.8 -0.4 -0.3 0.2 -0.001 0.001 0.92 0.18 0.26 0.35 0.45 0.53 0.63 0.49 0.19 L-Jul.2018 S-Jan.2015 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Jun.2015 S-Sep.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 – 1.0 -0.3 0.5 0.7 -1.0 -2.2 1.1 0.4 – 1.551 0.666 0.590 0.060 0.678 -0.2 0.2 1.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.6 0.4 0.001 -0.001 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.17 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.18 0.41 0.26 S-Mar.2018 L-Jan.2019 L-Apr.2015 S-Dec.2018 S-Mar.2018 S-Jun.2018 S-May 2018 L-Jan.2019 -0.2 0.4 1.5 -0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.8 0.4 0.376 0.6 0.002 0.35 L-Feb.2018 0.6 0.295 0.207 0.2 -0.3 -0.7 0.001 -0.001 0.41 0.88 0.93 L-Jan.2019 S-Dec.2018 S-Oct.2018 0.3 -1.3 -3.0 0.025 0.035 0.524 0.129 -0.001 0.000 -0.006 0.000 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Infants’ equipment4, 8, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less energy services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelter.......................................................... . Rent of shelter15............................................ . Rent of primary residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging away from home5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing at school, excluding board15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other lodging away from home including hotels and motels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of residences15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence15. . . Tenants’ and household insurance4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water and sewer and trash collection services5. . . . . . . . Water and sewerage maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Garbage and trash collection4, 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Household operations4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestic services4, 5.................................... . Gardening and lawncare services4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moving, storage, freight expense5..................... . Repair of household items4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physicians’ services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dental services........................................ . Eyeglasses and eye care4, 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services by other medical professionals4, 9. . . . . . . . Hospital and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospital services16.................................... . Inpatient hospital services16, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outpatient hospital services9, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing homes and adult day services16. . . . . . . . . . . Care of invalids and elderly at home4, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . Health insurance4, 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation services.................................... . Leased cars and trucks4, 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Car and truck rental5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . Motor vehicle maintenance and repair4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle body work4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing4. . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle repair4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle fees4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State motor vehicle registration and license fees4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parking and other fees4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parking fees and tolls5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automobile service clubs4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline fares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Other intercity transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intercity bus fare4, 7, 6.............................. . Intercity train fare4, 7, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ship fare4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 59.652 33.238 32.868 7.916 0.998 0.113 0.884 23.954 22.618 0.371 1.090 0.823 0.267 0.882 0.304 0.293 0.102 0.106 6.973 3.234 1.717 0.787 0.315 0.415 2.606 2.324 Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2019Apr. 20191 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.171 0.131 0.129 0.035 0.016 0.000 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 1.15 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.04 1.80 0.05 L-Nov.2018 – – – – L-Dec.2018 – 2.2 – – – – 1.7 – 2.03 0.04 0.04 0.12 0.09 0.11 0.22 0.16 0.06 0.17 0.65 0.16 0.10 0.11 0.21 0.13 0.24 0.09 0.15 0.17 0.23 0.22 0.11 0.20 0.11 0.13 0.36 1.67 0.14 0.13 0.24 0.16 0.14 0.20 L-Dec.2018 – – L-Feb.2019 – L-Dec.2018 – L-Dec.2018 S-Oct.2018 S-May 2009 S-Feb.2019 L-EVER S-Feb.2019 – L-Jan.2019 – – S-Jan.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Jun.2015 – L-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Oct.2018 L-Dec.2018 L-Nov.2018 S-Feb.2019 L-Nov.2016 S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 L-Feb.2019 2.0 – – 0.1 – 0.4 – 2.0 0.0 -2.8 -2.2 – 0.0 – 0.4 – – -0.4 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6 -1.0 – 0.7 1.7 0.1 1.0 2.3 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.3 1.8 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.0 -1.0 1.2 6.4 0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.8 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.5 -0.2 0.2 0.016 0.080 0.075 0.000 0.004 0.003 0.000 0.005 0.000 -0.003 0.001 0.007 0.014 -0.004 0.003 -0.001 0.000 -0.001 -0.010 -0.011 0.278 0.247 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.000 0.001 0.07 0.34 0.17 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Jul.2017 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.133 0.682 0.166 0.3 -0.1 1.1 2.9 0.003 0.000 0.002 0.45 0.68 0.71 1.53 L-Aug.2018 L-Feb.2019 – S-Feb.2019 0.4 0.5 – -3.6 0.77 S-Feb.2019 0.8 0.194 0.088 1.132 5.936 0.632 0.109 1.132 0.056 0.640 0.372 2.388 0.542 1.3 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.005 -0.001 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.002 -0.004 0.001 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category Intracity transportation4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intracity mass transit4, 11, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreation services11...................................... . Video and audio services11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable and satellite television service13. . . . . . . . . . . . . Video discs and other media, including rental of 4 video , 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . Video discs and other media4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rental of video discs and other media4, 5, 6. . . . . Pet services including veterinary5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet services4, 5, 6...................................... . Veterinarian services5, 6.............................. . Photographers and photo processing4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographer fees4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photo processing4, 5, 6................................ . Other recreation services5.............................. . Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or other organizations, or participant sports fees4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission 4to movies, theaters, and concerts , 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission to sporting events4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fees for lessons or instructions4, 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication services11............... . Tuition, other school fees, and childcare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . College tuition and fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . . . Child care and nursery school12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical and business school tuition and fees5.. . Postage and delivery services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delivery services5..................................... . Telephone services4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wireless telephone services4, 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land-line telephone services4, 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internet services and electronic information providers5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other personal services4, 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal care services4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haircuts and other personal care services4, 5. . . . . . Miscellaneous personal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services4, 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Funeral expenses4, 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundry and dry cleaning services4, 5. . . . . . . . ...... . Apparel services other than laundry and dry 4 cleaning , 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial services9.................................... . Checking account and other bank services4, 5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tax return preparation and other accounting 5 fees , 6............................................. . Special aggregate indexes See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 0.277 3.892 1.602 1.511 0.091 Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2019Apr. 20191 -0.1 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.000 0.007 -0.003 -0.003 Standard error, median price change2 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.34 0.05 0.22 0.14 0.13 S-Oct.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 – L-Jan.2019 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 – 0.2 S-Dec.2018 S-Dec.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Aug.2018 L-Feb.2019 S-Nov.2018 S-Jan.2019 L-Sep.2018 S-Jan.2018 S-Feb.2019 -3.0 -4.7 0.1 -0.1 0.3 0.0 -1.8 0.6 -4.1 -0.4 -0.001 1.832 -0.9 -2.1 1.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 -1.3 0.0 -2.9 0.6 0.011 0.99 1.95 0.19 0.22 0.14 0.17 0.38 0.04 0.61 0.39 0.680 0.656 0.5 0.8 0.003 0.006 0.28 0.75 L-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 0.8 -2.2 0.219 6.001 2.899 1.609 0.334 0.805 0.032 0.113 0.099 0.014 2.207 1.635 0.572 0.2 2.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.000 0.010 0.006 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.003 0.001 0.63 1.92 0.49 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.05 0.00 0.34 0.07 0.08 0.17 S-Jan.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 S-Dec.2018 S-Dec.2018 – S-Oct.2018 L-Aug.2017 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Dec.2017 L-Mar.2018 S-Oct.2018 -0.1 -7.2 -0.7 0.2 0.2 0.1 – -0.4 0.8 1.8 1.9 1.3 0.2 0.2 -1.1 0.774 1.641 0.629 0.629 1.011 0.306 0.127 0.241 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 -1.2 0.2 0.3 0.001 -0.003 0.000 0.000 -0.004 -0.004 0.000 0.001 0.29 0.11 0.17 0.17 0.13 0.06 0.20 0.24 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Aug.2018 S-Aug.2018 L-Feb.2019 S-EVER – S-Jan.2019 0.3 0.6 -0.1 -0.1 0.7 – – 0.1 0.029 0.235 -0.8 -0.3 0.000 -0.001 0.33 0.33 S-EVER L-Feb.2019 – 1.3 0.418 0.038 0.001 0.000 0.0 0.05 – -0.6 0.34 L-Feb.2019 – 2.6 Table 6. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 1-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] One Month Expenditure category All items less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less shelter............................................... . All items less food and shelter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less food, shelter, and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and trucks.............................................................. . All items less medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less energy............................................... . Commodities........................................................ . Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... . Commodities less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less rent of shelter15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durables............................................................. . Nondurables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing.............................................................. . Education and communication5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education5........................................................ . Communication5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information and information processing5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information technology, hardware and services17. . . . . . . . . Recreation5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pets, pet products and services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photography5..................................................... . Food and beverages............................................... . Domestically produced farm food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel less footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuels and utilities................................................... . Household energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New and used motor vehicles5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities and public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other goods and services......................................... . Personal care4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Seasonally adjusted percent change Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Seasonally adjusted effect on All Items Mar. 2019Apr. 20191 Standard error, median price change2 86.685 66.762 53.447 45.980 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.332 0.188 0.202 -0.021 43.575 91.334 92.534 37.009 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 17.161 23.694 22.729 62.991 30.124 56.018 9.951 27.058 13.743 12.778 9.726 10.691 42.113 6.524 3.027 3.497 3.385 1.178 5.676 1.819 1.024 0.072 14.280 6.072 11.533 2.383 4.617 3.526 8.666 16.497 15.363 6.981 9.280 4.258 3.191 2.526 -0.2 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.3 -0.3 0.7 1.5 1.7 2.4 2.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 0.3 -0.1 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 -0.5 0.0 -0.1 0.3 1.2 1.3 -0.4 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 Relative importance Mar. 2019 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) seasonally adjusted change since:3 Date Percent change 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 – S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 – – 0.1 0.0 – 0.010 0.289 0.095 0.148 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.06 – S-Feb.2019 S-Sep.2018 S-Feb.2019 – 0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.034 0.162 0.164 0.166 0.033 0.161 -0.028 0.186 0.213 0.215 0.232 0.230 0.119 0.005 0.006 -0.001 -0.001 -0.005 0.002 -0.003 0.003 0.000 -0.015 -0.025 0.013 -0.013 0.000 -0.004 0.029 0.203 0.200 -0.028 -0.006 -0.012 -0.001 0.000 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.11 0.09 0.15 0.16 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.25 0.15 0.13 0.18 0.45 0.08 0.13 0.09 0.57 0.25 0.32 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.12 0.14 – S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 – S-Feb.2019 – S-Sep.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 – S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 – – S-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Nov.2018 S-Jun.2017 S-Mar.2016 – L-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 – S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-May 2018 S-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 – 0.1 0.1 – 0.0 – -0.5 0.6 0.5 – 0.6 0.5 – – 0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 0.6 1.0 -0.1 -0.6 – 0.4 -0.5 -0.6 – 0.1 0.1 -0.6 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.6 The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of 0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase. Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that month the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8 percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent). 2 A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 0.6 percent, and its standard error was 0.15 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 1-month percent change would be 0.6 percent, plus or minus 0.3 percent. 3 If the current seasonally adjusted 1-month percent change is greater than the previous published 1-month percent change, then this column identifies the closest prior month with a 1-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 1-month change. If the current 1-month percent change is smaller than the previous published 1-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than the current month change is identified. If the current and previous published 1-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard numerical comparisons are used. For example, 0.8% is greater than 0.6%, -0.4% is less than -0.2%, and -0.2% is less than 0.0%. Note that a (L)arger change can be a smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price index. Likewise, (S)maller changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price index. In this context, a -0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change. 4 Not seasonally adjusted. 5 Indexes on a December 1997=100 base. 6 Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not have a relative importance or effect. 7 Indexes on a December 2007=100 base. 8 Indexes on a December 2005=100 base. 9 Indexes on a December 1986=100 base. 10 Indexes on a December 1993=100 base. 11 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base. 12 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base. 13 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base. 14 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base. 15 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. 16 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base. 17 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base. Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 12-month analysis table [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category All items................................................................ . Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cereals and bakery products................................ . Cereals and cereal products.............................. . Flour and prepared flour mixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breakfast cereal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rice, pasta, cornmeal................................... . Rice5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bread5.................................................. . White bread6........................................ . Bread other than white6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh biscuits, rolls, muffins5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cakes, cupcakes, and cookies...................... . Cookies6............................................. . Fresh cakes and cupcakes6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other bakery products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh sweetrolls, coffeecakes, doughnuts6. . . . . . Crackers, bread, and cracker products6. . . . . . . . . Frozen and refrigerated bakery products, pies, tarts, turnovers6.................................. . Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs............................... . Meats, poultry, and fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beef and veal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked ground beef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef roasts5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncooked beef steaks5............................ . Uncooked other beef and veal5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork..................................................... . Bacon, breakfast sausage, and related products5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bacon and related products6................... . Breakfast sausage and related products5, 6. . . Ham.................................................. . Ham, excluding canned6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pork chops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other pork including roasts, steaks, and ribs5.. . Other meats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frankfurters6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lunchmeats5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lamb and organ meats6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lamb and mutton5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultry.................................................. . Chicken5............................................. . Fresh whole chicken6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh and frozen chicken parts6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other uncooked poultry including turkey5. . . . . . . . Fish and seafood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fish and seafood5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fish and seafood5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelf stable fish and seafood6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 100.000 13.315 7.278 0.961 0.311 0.040 0.150 0.120 2.0 1.8 0.7 1.8 0.7 -1.9 1.5 0.5 2.3 2.3 3.9 4.5 4.2 1.4 1.8 1.5 2.6 1.7 4.0 0.6 0.650 0.192 0.092 0.162 0.204 1.590 1.499 0.939 0.427 0.168 0.062 0.160 0.038 0.293 0.132 0.054 0.042 0.065 0.219 0.310 0.255 0.055 0.250 0.130 0.120 1.0 -1.1 0.0 -0.3 0.0 -2.0 1.7 0.8 3.1 -0.4 -0.9 0.5 -2.7 1.9 2.2 -0.5 -1.4 -0.5 -1.9 -0.5 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.8 1.3 1.1 1.5 5.7 Unadjusted effect on All Items Apr. 2018Apr. 20191 0.236 0.053 0.017 0.002 -0.001 0.002 0.001 0.015 0.007 0.001 0.003 0.003 -0.018 0.000 -0.002 0.000 -0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 -0.001 -0.001 0.001 0.000 -0.001 -0.001 -0.001 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.001 0.002 Standard error, median price2 change , 3 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:4 Date Percent change – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – L-Nov.2018 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 – S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Aug.2013 S-May 2018 L-Dec.2018 L-Dec.2018 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Oct.2018 2.2 1.6 0.6 – 0.2 -2.4 1.1 0.2 0.9 2.5 4.0 4.6 4.5 0.2 3.5 2.6 2.3 1.3 3.9 -1.1 – – – – – – – – – – S-Feb.2019 S-May 2017 S-Dec.2018 S-Dec.2018 S-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 S-Dec.2018 S-Dec.2018 S-Feb.2019 L-May 2018 0.3 -2.1 -0.3 -0.9 -0.6 -0.5 1.7 0.0 3.0 0.4 – – – – – – – – – – L-May 2018 L-Feb.2018 S-Dec.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 L-Nov.2018 L-Feb.2019 S-Oct.2018 L-Feb.2019 0.1 5.3 -3.2 -0.7 -0.7 -3.0 -1.0 0.5 -2.9 0.5 – – – – – – – – – L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2018 S-Feb.2018 S-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.7 -0.3 -0.6 0.9 1.4 9.1 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Frozen fish and seafood6....................... . Eggs....................................................... . Dairy and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milk5.......................................................... . Fresh whole milk6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh milk other than whole5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheese and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ice cream and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other dairy and related products5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits and vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh fruits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bananas................................................ . Citrus fruits5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oranges, including tangerines6................... . Other fresh fruits5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potatoes................................................ . Lettuce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tomatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fresh vegetables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processed fruits and vegetables5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits and vegetables5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned fruits5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Canned vegetables5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen fruits and vegetables5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen vegetables6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other processed fruits and vegetables including dried5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dried beans, peas, and lentils5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials. . . . . . . . . Juices and nonalcoholic drinks5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carbonated drinks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frozen noncarbonated juices and drinks5. . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices and drinks5. . . . . . . . . Beverage materials including coffee and tea5. . . . . . . . . . . Coffee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roasted coffee6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Instant coffee6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other beverage materials including tea5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other food at home........................................... . Sugar and sweets.......................................... . Sugar and sugar substitutes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Candy and chewing gum5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other sweets5............................................ . Fats and oils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter and margarine5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Butter6.................................................. . Margarine6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salad dressing5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other fats and oils including peanut butter5. . . . . . . . . . Peanut butter5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other foods............................................... . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 0.091 0.723 0.201 0.231 0.104 0.187 1.301 1.029 0.540 0.077 0.080 0.151 0.232 0.489 0.079 0.067 0.079 0.265 0.272 0.152 0.077 0.043 0.877 0.628 0.266 0.009 0.354 0.250 0.160 0.090 1.826 0.281 0.041 0.185 0.054 0.213 0.061 0.051 0.100 1.333 Unadjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 0.6 -16.4 0.3 2.5 2.4 2.4 -2.2 1.2 0.6 2.2 2.8 -0.3 1.3 -1.6 -2.0 -2.1 0.8 6.4 6.0 15.9 1.0 6.1 0.2 2.9 1.9 3.5 -2.4 -0.3 -3.9 -5.4 2.2 3.2 4.9 0.5 2.0 -0.1 -0.8 -1.1 0.3 1.2 0.2 0.9 -0.7 2.1 -1.4 -2.0 -1.2 -1.6 0.0 -1.0 -2.9 -3.2 0.4 Unadjusted effect on All Items Apr. 2018Apr. 20191 -0.017 0.002 0.005 -0.005 0.001 0.001 0.029 0.028 -0.002 0.001 -0.001 -0.003 0.002 0.030 0.004 0.009 0.001 0.015 0.001 0.004 -0.002 -0.002 0.019 0.019 0.012 0.000 0.007 0.000 -0.001 0.001 0.004 0.003 0.000 0.004 -0.001 -0.004 -0.001 -0.001 -0.003 0.005 Standard error, median price2 change , 3 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:4 Date Percent change – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – S-Oct.2018 S-Mar.2017 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 L-Dec.2014 S-Feb.2019 S-Dec.2016 L-Feb.2019 S-Nov.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2018 S-Jun.2015 S-Nov.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 – S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 0.0 -21.8 0.1 0.3 5.2 0.8 -2.8 2.5 -0.8 2.0 2.4 -0.5 -0.9 -1.6 -2.3 -3.4 -1.2 5.8 4.8 14.5 – 6.1 -0.5 0.7 0.3 1.1 -2.4 -1.2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – S-EVER S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Dec.2018 S-Dec.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 L-Aug.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Nov.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Sep.2018 S-Jan.2019 S-Feb.2019 – S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Nov.2016 S-Aug.2018 S-Aug.2018 – S-Jul.2018 S-Oct.2015 S-Dec.2017 S-Jan.2019 – -7.4 2.2 2.5 4.1 0.2 1.8 -0.1 -0.6 -0.3 1.1 1.3 0.2 0.6 – 1.5 -2.1 -2.4 -2.0 -1.6 – -2.9 -3.1 -3.5 0.2 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Soups................................................... . Frozen and freeze dried prepared foods. . . . . . . . . . . Snacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spices, seasonings, condiments, sauces. . . . . . . . . . . Salt and other seasonings and spices5, 6. . . . . . . . Olives, pickles, relishes5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sauces and gravies5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other condiments6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baby food5............................................. . Other miscellaneous foods5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared salads7, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food away from home.......................................... . Full service meals and snacks5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limited service meals and snacks5......................... . Food at employee sites and schools5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food at elementary and secondary schools8, 6. . . . . . . . . Food from vending machines and mobile vendors5. . . . . . . Other food away from home5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Unadjusted effect on All Items Apr. 2018Apr. 20191 Standard error, median price2 change , 3 0.081 0.229 0.309 0.271 -0.3 0.3 -0.1 0.6 1.0 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.050 0.392 6.037 2.996 2.572 0.181 0.091 0.197 Energy............................................................... . Energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuel oil and other fuels....................................... . Fuel oil....................................................... . Propane, kerosene, and firewood9....................... . Motor fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline (all types). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded regular6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded midgrade10, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline, unleaded premium6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor fuels5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Energy services.................................................. . Electricity....................................................... . Utility (piped) gas service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.466 4.128 0.188 0.113 0.075 3.940 3.853 All items less food and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and energy commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and supplies11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window and floor coverings and other linens5. . . . . . . . . . Floor coverings5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Window coverings5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other linens5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and bedding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bedroom furniture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Living room, kitchen, and dining room furniture5. . . . . Other furniture5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infants’ furniture8, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appliances5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Major appliances5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundry equipment6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other appliances5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other household equipment and furnishings5. . . . . . . . . . . Clocks, lamps, and decorator items................... . Indoor plants and flowers12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dishes and flatware5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonelectric cookware and tableware5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 0.8 1.3 6.0 0.2 -1.2 3.1 2.9 3.3 2.3 1.9 4.0 1.5 0.003 0.001 0.183 0.087 0.085 0.004 0.004 0.003 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:4 Date Percent change – – – – – S-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-May 2018 S-Jan.2019 L-Feb.2019 -0.6 0.9 -0.1 0.2 1.0 – – – – – – – – – – – – S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 L-Dec.2018 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Feb.2015 L-Jan.2015 L-May 2015 L-Dec.2018 – – S-Oct.2017 0.2 -0.2 7.2 0.2 -0.8 3.1 3.0 3.4 2.3 – – 1.5 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 S-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Dec.2018 S-Feb.2019 3.1 5.4 -2.3 -2.4 -2.3 5.2 5.0 4.6 5.7 7.0 -1.8 1.3 1.1 -2.6 0.131 0.130 -0.003 -0.001 -0.002 0.132 0.131 0.088 3.339 2.580 0.759 1.7 2.9 -1.3 -0.9 -2.0 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.6 1.6 0.0 0.6 -1.9 0.001 0.002 0.016 -0.015 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 79.218 19.566 3.376 0.257 0.056 0.045 0.156 0.895 0.320 0.432 0.131 2.1 -0.2 0.4 -3.0 -0.5 -6.7 -2.8 1.6 0.6 1.7 3.7 1.629 -0.038 0.012 -0.008 0.000 -0.003 -0.005 0.014 0.002 0.007 0.005 – – – – – – – – – – – L-Feb.2019 S-Sep.2018 S-Sep.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Dec.2017 S-Dec.2017 S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Nov.2018 S-Aug.2018 S-Feb.2019 2.1 -0.3 0.0 -3.5 -1.9 -7.3 -4.0 1.3 -0.5 0.7 1.8 0.216 0.080 3.3 5.6 3.0 2.0 -4.1 -3.8 -0.6 -11.4 -4.1 0.007 0.004 – – – – – – – – – S-Sep.2018 S-Jun.2018 S-Apr.2018 S-Sep.2018 S-Dec.2018 S-Jan.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Aug.2018 S-Aug.2018 2.9 5.6 2.7 0.5 -4.9 -4.7 0.8 -12.8 -4.4 0.133 0.499 0.275 0.093 0.050 0.080 0.003 -0.022 -0.011 -0.001 -0.007 -0.003 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Tools, hardware, outdoor equipment and supplies5. . . . Tools, hardware and supplies5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outdoor equipment and supplies5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housekeeping supplies.................................... . Household cleaning products5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household paper products5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous household products5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel......................................................... . Men’s and boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Men’s suits, sport coats, and outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s shirts and sweaters5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s pants and shorts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boys’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s and girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s outerwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s dresses..................................... . Women’s suits and separates5...................... . Women’s underwear, nightwear, swimwear, and accessories5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Girls’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men’s footwear........................................... . Boys’ and girls’ footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women’s footwear....................................... . Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry and watches9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Watches9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jewelry9................................................... . Transportation commodities less motor fuel11. . . . . . . . . . . . . New vehicles................................................ . New cars and trucks5, 6................................. . New cars6.............................................. . New trucks13, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle parts and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tires....................................................... . Vehicle accessories other than tires5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vehicle parts and equipment other than tires6. . . . . Motor oil, coolant, and fluids6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care commodities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medicinal drugs11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Prescription drugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonprescription drugs11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical equipment and supplies11. . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... . Recreation commodities11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio products11............................... . Televisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other video equipment5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Audio equipment......................................... . Recorded music and music subscriptions5. . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Unadjusted effect on All Items Apr. 2018Apr. 20191 Standard error, median price2 change , 3 0.670 0.197 0.311 0.840 0.332 0.225 0.283 3.052 0.761 0.591 0.111 0.3 0.2 0.5 2.2 2.4 3.7 0.9 -3.0 -1.1 -1.5 0.0 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.018 0.008 0.008 0.002 -0.094 -0.008 -0.009 0.000 0.151 0.170 0.150 0.171 1.242 1.065 0.072 0.132 0.556 1.7 -5.5 -1.1 0.6 -5.1 -5.1 -3.3 -11.0 -6.5 0.293 0.177 0.669 0.215 0.162 0.292 0.138 0.241 0.098 0.143 6.620 3.722 0.2 -5.0 -2.1 -2.8 0.4 -3.0 1.1 -2.1 3.0 -5.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.8 1.9 1.5 2.5 3.4 -1.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 -0.8 3.8 -1.7 -9.1 -18.8 -0.5 3.8 -5.0 2.405 0.380 0.226 0.155 1.693 1.637 1.302 0.335 0.056 1.785 0.217 0.091 0.027 0.043 0.047 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:4 Date Percent change – – – – – – – – – – – S-Nov.2018 S-Nov.2018 S-Nov.2018 S-Oct.2018 S-Dec.2018 S-Feb.2019 – S-May 2003 S-Aug.2018 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 -0.1 -0.3 0.1 1.3 1.6 2.3 – -3.6 -1.4 -2.0 -2.0 0.003 -0.010 -0.002 0.001 -0.067 -0.058 -0.002 -0.016 -0.039 – – – – – – – – – S-Jan.2019 S-Jul.2015 L-Oct.2018 S-Aug.2018 S-Mar.2008 S-Mar.2002 S-Oct.2018 S-Mar.1999 S-Jan.2015 0.1 -6.8 -0.5 -3.4 -5.4 -5.2 -5.5 -12.5 -7.7 0.001 -0.009 -0.015 -0.006 0.001 -0.009 0.001 -0.005 0.003 -0.008 0.073 0.045 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – L-Feb.2018 S-Nov.2015 S-Jan.2018 S-Aug.2007 S-Dec.2018 L-Feb.2019 S-Sep.2018 L-Jan.2019 L-Oct.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Nov.2018 L-Jun.2015 L-Jun.2015 L-Jan.2013 L-Jan.2017 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Oct.2012 S-May 2018 L-Nov.2018 S-Jul.2016 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-EVER – L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Dec.2018 L-Jul.1981 L-Feb.2019 2.0 -5.8 -2.3 -2.9 -1.9 -2.2 1.1 -0.3 7.3 -3.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.9 2.8 1.8 3.6 -2.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 -0.8 – – -8.9 -16.8 -0.9 4.1 -5.0 0.019 0.007 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.004 -0.003 0.002 -0.031 -0.022 -0.021 0.000 0.002 -0.003 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Pets and pet products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet food5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purchase of pets, pet supplies, accessories5, 6. . . . . . Sporting goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sports vehicles including bicycles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sports equipment........................................ . Photographic equipment and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Film and photographic supplies5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographic equipment5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational reading materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newspapers and magazines5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational books5..................................... . Other recreational goods5................................. . Toys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Toys, games,5 hobbies and playground equipment , 6. . . . . . . ................................. . Sewing machines, fabric and supplies5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Music instruments and accessories5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication commodities11. . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational books and supplies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College textbooks14, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information technology commodities11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computers, peripherals, and smart home assistant devices7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer software and accessories5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telephone hardware, calculators, and other consumer information items5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages at home. . . . . . . . Distilled spirits at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Whiskey at home6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits, excluding whiskey, at home6. . . . . . Wine at home. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcoholic beverages away from home................... . Beer, ale, and other malt beverages away from 5 home , 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wine away from home5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Distilled spirits away from home5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other goods11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco and smoking products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cigarettes5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tobacco products other than cigarettes5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal care products.................................... . Hair, dental, shaving, and miscellaneous personal care products5......................................... . Cosmetics, perfume, bath, nail preparations and implements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous personal goods5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stationery, stationery supplies, gift wrap6. . . . . . . . . . . . . Infants’ equipment8, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less energy services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shelter.......................................................... . Rent of shelter15............................................ . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Unadjusted effect on All Items Apr. 2018Apr. 20191 Standard error, median price2 change , 3 0.606 0.016 0.495 0.289 0.199 0.032 2.6 2.2 3.1 0.1 2.1 -2.7 -5.7 0.114 0.070 0.044 0.321 0.249 -5.0 2.5 4.8 -1.0 -7.5 -9.8 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:4 Date Percent change 0.000 0.006 -0.006 -0.002 – – – – – – – S-Jan.2019 L-Aug.2013 S-Nov.2018 S-Nov.2018 S-Nov.2018 L-Dec.2018 – 2.2 2.8 2.0 -1.2 0.7 -2.7 – 0.003 0.003 0.000 -0.026 -0.027 – – – – – – S-Sep.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 S-Mar.2018 S-Nov.2018 S-Nov.2018 -6.0 3.6 6.0 -2.0 -8.7 -10.4 L-Feb.2017 S-Feb.2019 – S-EVER L-Feb.2019 L-Dec.2018 S-Dec.2016 -6.1 6.1 – – -0.2 -0.2 -6.6 0.395 -6.8 7.6 -0.3 -5.0 -0.4 -0.4 -6.5 -0.028 – – – – – – – 0.304 0.023 -4.4 -7.9 -0.014 -0.002 – – S-Nov.2018 S-Apr.2017 -5.2 -9.8 0.068 0.965 0.601 0.267 0.082 -0.012 0.011 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.253 0.364 -14.4 1.2 1.0 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.6 0.1 1.5 0.000 0.006 – – – – – – – – – L-Dec.2018 S-Jan.2018 S-May 2018 S-Sep.2018 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-Oct.2017 – -11.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.1 – 1.551 0.666 0.590 0.060 0.678 1.7 2.0 0.3 1.0 4.6 4.8 2.7 -0.7 0.015 0.030 0.027 0.002 -0.005 – – – – – – – – S-Feb.2019 S-Jun.2018 L-Jan.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Oct.2018 L-Jan.2019 1.5 1.9 0.6 0.5 3.7 3.6 2.7 -0.3 0.376 1.0 0.004 – L-Aug.2018 1.3 0.295 0.207 -2.7 -4.4 -1.0 -10.1 2.8 3.4 3.5 -0.008 -0.010 – – – – – – – S-EVER S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 L-Dec.2018 L-Jan.2019 – L-Jul.2018 – -4.7 -2.3 -8.8 2.8 – 3.5 0.025 0.035 0.524 0.129 59.652 33.238 32.868 0.002 0.000 -0.028 0.000 1.667 1.129 1.124 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Rent of primary residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lodging away from home5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing at school, excluding board15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other lodging away from home including hotels and motels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of residences15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence15. . . Tenants’ and household insurance5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water and sewer and trash collection services5. . . . . . . . Water and sewerage maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Garbage and trash collection13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household operations5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Domestic services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gardening and lawncare services5.................... . Moving, storage, freight expense5..................... . Repair of household items5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physicians’ services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dental services........................................ . Eyeglasses and eye care9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services by other medical professionals9. . . . . . . . . . Hospital and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospital services16.................................... . Inpatient hospital services16, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outpatient hospital services9, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing homes and adult day services16. . . . . . . . . . . Care of invalids and elderly at home8.............. . Health insurance8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation services.................................... . Leased cars and trucks14............................... . Car and truck rental5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . Motor vehicle maintenance and repair................ . Motor vehicle body work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle maintenance and servicing. . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle repair5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle fees5...................................... . State motor vehicle registration and license fees5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parking and other fees5.............................. . Parking fees and tolls5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automobile service clubs5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Airline fares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Other intercity transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intercity bus fare7, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intercity train fare7, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ship fare5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Intracity transportation................................ . Intracity mass transit11, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreation services11...................................... . Video and audio services11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cable and satellite television service13. . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Unadjusted effect on All Items Apr. 2018Apr. 20191 Standard error, median price2 change , 3 7.916 0.998 0.113 3.8 4.1 2.5 0.292 0.041 0.003 0.884 23.954 22.618 0.371 1.090 0.823 0.267 0.882 0.304 0.293 0.102 0.106 6.973 3.234 1.717 0.787 0.315 0.415 2.606 2.324 4.3 3.4 3.4 1.4 3.6 3.2 4.5 3.9 3.5 2.8 5.0 6.6 2.3 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.4 1.4 1.2 0.9 0.9 3.7 3.5 10.7 1.1 0.2 -4.3 3.8 3.2 4.5 2.9 1.4 2.0 0.038 0.791 0.748 0.005 0.038 0.026 0.012 0.034 0.010 0.008 0.005 0.007 0.163 0.012 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.037 0.027 0.194 0.088 1.132 5.936 0.632 0.109 1.132 0.056 0.640 0.372 2.388 0.542 0.007 0.003 0.113 0.068 0.001 -0.005 0.043 0.002 0.028 0.011 0.033 0.011 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:4 Date Percent change – – – L-Sep.2017 L-Jul.2018 – 3.8 5.1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – L-Jul.2018 L-Jul.2018 L-Jul.2018 S-Jun.2018 – L-Jan.2019 S-Oct.2018 L-Jan.2019 – S-Nov.2017 L-Sep.2018 L-Jul.2018 – – L-Feb.2019 S-Sep.1961 S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 S-EVER S-EVER S-EVER S-EVER – L-Nov.2008 L-Nov.2012 L-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Jun.2009 L-Dec.2018 – L-Oct.2011 S-Mar.2008 L-Feb.2019 5.2 3.4 3.4 1.1 – 3.3 4.5 5.6 – 2.0 6.7 6.9 – – 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.1 – – – – – 4.8 11.2 1.1 2.6 -1.8 4.1 3.2 – 2.9 1.3 2.2 0.278 0.247 1.0 3.2 2.9 0.003 0.008 – – – L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2019 1.0 3.6 2.9 1.133 0.682 0.166 -1.2 -1.8 -0.6 11.0 -0.014 -0.013 -0.001 – – – – L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Aug.2018 L-EVER -0.9 -1.6 -0.5 – – – – – – – L-Nov.2018 S-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Feb.2019 0.9 0.2 0.4 3.2 1.8 1.6 0.277 3.892 1.602 1.511 -0.4 0.3 0.6 3.1 1.8 1.6 0.001 0.120 0.028 0.024 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category Video discs and other media, including rental of video5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video discs and other media5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rental of video discs and other media5, 6. . . . . . . Pet services including veterinary5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pet services5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Veterinarian services5, 6.............................. . Photographers and photo processing5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photographer fees5, 6................................. . Photo processing5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other recreation services5.............................. . Club membership for shopping clubs, fraternal, or other organizations, or participant sports fees5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission to movies, theaters, and concerts5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Admission to sporting events5, 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fees for lessons or instructions9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and communication services11............... . Tuition, other school fees, and childcare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . College tuition and fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elementary and high school tuition and fees. . . . . . Child care and nursery school12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical and business school tuition and fees5.. . Postage and delivery services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Postage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delivery services5..................................... . Telephone services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wireless telephone services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Land-line telephone services11...................... . Internet services and electronic information providers5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other personal services11. . . . . . . . . ........................ . Personal care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Haircuts and other personal care services5. . . . . . . . Miscellaneous personal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services9........................................ . Funeral expenses9.................................... . Laundry and dry cleaning services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel services other than laundry and dry cleaning5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial services9.................................... . Checking account and other bank services5, 6.. . Tax return preparation and other accounting 5 fees , 6............................................. . Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Unadjusted effect on All Items Apr. 2018Apr. 20191 Standard error, median price2 change , 3 0.091 0.004 0.038 4.2 2.9 3.4 3.7 3.5 3.9 -0.3 1.832 2.8 4.3 0.680 0.656 4.4 4.3 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:4 Date Percent change 0.076 – – – – – – – – – – S-Feb.2019 S-Jan.2019 L-Aug.2018 L-May 2016 L-Feb.2019 L-May 2016 S-Oct.2018 – S-Jan.2019 L-Jun.2003 3.7 1.5 3.4 3.8 4.1 4.0 -0.9 – -0.3 4.6 0.029 0.028 – – L-Oct.2012 L-Sep.2016 4.9 4.8 0.219 6.001 2.899 1.609 0.334 0.805 0.032 0.113 0.099 0.014 2.207 1.635 0.572 2.1 7.8 3.0 1.5 3.4 3.9 4.4 2.3 1.5 5.6 5.9 3.8 -1.7 -2.9 1.9 0.007 0.088 0.098 0.061 0.014 0.019 0.000 0.006 0.006 0.001 -0.040 -0.050 0.011 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – L-Jul.2018 L-Dec.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Sep.2018 – L-Jul.2014 – – L-Feb.2019 – – L-Dec.2018 L-Oct.2018 L-Feb.2019 L-Jan.2018 3.0 9.2 3.9 1.5 – 3.9 – – 1.6 – – 3.9 -0.2 -2.8 2.1 0.774 1.641 0.629 0.629 1.011 0.306 0.127 0.241 3.1 1.8 2.6 2.6 1.2 0.6 2.0 3.5 0.023 0.029 0.016 0.016 0.012 0.002 0.003 0.008 – – – – – – – – L-Sep.2009 S-Apr.2015 S-Sep.2018 S-Sep.2018 S-Sep.2009 S-Jan.2018 – S-Feb.2019 3.1 1.7 2.6 2.6 0.6 0.4 – 3.4 0.029 0.235 4.7 -0.9 0.2 0.001 -0.002 – – – S-Feb.2019 S-Oct.2009 S-Oct.2017 4.7 -5.9 0.2 0.418 0.015 0.000 -2.6 – S-EVER – Special aggregate indexes All items less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less shelter............................................... . All items less food and shelter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less food, shelter, and energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . All items less food, shelter, energy, and used cars and trucks.............................................................. . All items less medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 86.685 66.762 53.447 45.980 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.760 0.868 0.632 0.501 – – – – L-Dec.2018 L-Dec.2018 L-Dec.2018 – 2.0 1.3 1.2 – 43.575 91.334 1.1 2.0 0.482 1.830 – – – L-Nov.2018 – 2.2 Table 7. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average, by expenditure category, April 2019, 12-month analysis table — Continued [1982-84=100, unless otherwise noted] Twelve Month Expenditure category All items less energy............................................... . Commodities........................................................ . Commodities less food, energy, and used cars and trucks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... . Commodities less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commodities less food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less rent of shelter15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Services less medical care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durables............................................................. . Nondurables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and beverages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food, beverages, and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurables less food and apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing.............................................................. . Education and communication5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education5........................................................ . Communication5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information and information processing5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information technology, hardware and services17. . . . . . . . . Recreation5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Video and audio5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pets, pet products and services5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Photography5..................................................... . Food and beverages............................................... . Domestically produced farm food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel less footwear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fuels and utilities................................................... . Household energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New and used motor vehicles5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities and public transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Household furnishings and operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other goods and services......................................... . Personal care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Relative importance Mar. 2019 Unadjusted percent change Apr. 2018Apr. 2019 Unadjusted effect on All Items Apr. 2018Apr. 20191 Standard error, median price2 change , 3 92.534 37.009 2.0 0.9 1.865 0.327 17.161 23.694 22.729 62.991 30.124 56.018 9.951 27.058 13.743 12.778 9.726 10.691 42.113 6.524 3.027 3.497 3.385 1.178 5.676 1.819 1.024 0.072 14.280 6.072 11.533 2.383 4.617 3.526 8.666 16.497 15.363 6.981 9.280 4.258 3.191 2.526 -0.3 0.4 0.3 2.7 1.8 2.7 0.3 1.1 0.4 0.4 1.4 1.4 2.9 0.9 3.3 -1.1 -1.3 -0.4 1.6 0.3 3.1 -2.9 1.7 0.5 2.1 -3.2 0.8 0.0 1.9 1.6 1.8 0.9 0.1 1.1 1.4 0.6 -0.057 0.091 0.080 1.669 0.545 1.507 0.028 0.300 0.064 0.052 0.147 0.158 1.212 0.060 0.098 -0.038 -0.044 -0.004 0.088 0.006 0.031 -0.002 0.247 0.032 0.236 -0.079 0.037 -0.001 0.166 0.273 0.287 0.061 0.010 0.046 0.044 0.014 Largest (L) or Smallest (S) unadjusted change since:4 Date Percent change – – – L-Nov.2018 – 1.2 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – S-Aug.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 – L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 – L-Oct.2018 L-Feb.2016 L-Oct.2018 L-Oct.2018 L-Oct.1990 L-Oct.2017 L-Feb.2019 S-Feb.2019 S-Sep.2018 S-Jan.2019 S-Jan.2019 L-Jul.2016 S-Dec.2014 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 L-Nov.2018 L-Nov.2018 L-Jan.2019 L-Jan.2019 S-Sep.2018 S-May 2015 S-Aug.2011 -0.4 1.1 1.1 2.7 2.1 2.7 – 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.5 2.5 – 0.9 3.4 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 1.7 0.3 3.1 -3.5 1.6 0.3 2.1 -3.2 1.5 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.2 0.9 0.4 1.1 1.4 0.6 The ’effect’ of an item category is a measure of that item’s contribution to the All items price change. For example, if the Food index had an effect of 0.40, and the All items index rose 1.2 percent, then the increase in food prices contributed 0.40 / 1.2, or 33.3 percent, to that All items increase. Said another way, had food prices been unchanged for that year the change in the All items index would have been 1.2 percent minus 0.40, or 0.8 percent. Effects can be negative as well. For example, if the effect of food was a negative 0.1, and the All items index rose 0.5 percent, the All items index actually would have been 0.1 percent higher (or 0.6 percent) had food prices been unchanged. Since food prices fell while prices overall were rising, the contribution of food to the All items price change was negative (in this case, -0.1 / 0.5, or minus 20 percent). 2 A statistic’s margin of error is often expressed as its point estimate plus or minus two standard errors. For example, if a CPI category rose 2.6 percent, and its standard error was 0.25 percent, the margin of error on this item’s 12-month percent change would be 2.6 percent, plus or minus 0.5 percent. 3 The 2018 geographic revision has prevented official variances for 2018 from being calculated. Experimental variances are available upon request. 4 If the current 12-month percent change is greater than the previous published 12-month percent change, then this column identifies the closest prior month with a 12-month percent change as (L)arge as or (L)arger than the current 12-month change. If the current 12-month percent change is smaller than the previous published 12-month percent change, the most recent month with a change as (S)mall or (S)maller than the current month change is identified. If the current and previous published 12-month percent changes are equal, a dash will appear. Standard numerical comparison is used. For example, 2.0% is greater than 0.6%, -4.4% is less than -2.0%, and -2.0% is less than 0.0%. Note that a (L)arger change can be a smaller decline, for example, a -0.2% change is larger than a -0.4% change, but still represents a decline in the price index. Likewise, (S)maller changes can be increases, for example, a 0.6% change is smaller than 0.8%, but still represents an increase in the price index. In this context, a -0.2% change is considered to be smaller than a 0.0% change. 5 Indexes on a December 1997=100 base. Special indexes based on a substantially smaller sample. These series do not contribute to the all items index aggregation and therefore do not have a relative importance or effect. 7 Indexes on a December 2007=100 base. 8 Indexes on a December 2005=100 base. 9 Indexes on a December 1986=100 base. 10 Indexes on a December 1993=100 base. 11 Indexes on a December 2009=100 base. 12 Indexes on a December 1990=100 base. 13 Indexes on a December 1983=100 base. 14 Indexes on a December 2001=100 base. 15 Indexes on a December 1982=100 base. 16 Indexes on a December 1996=100 base. 17 Indexes on a December 1988=100 base. 6
