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691-5902

USDL 07-0604
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Thursday, April 26, 2007

COLLEGE ENROLLMENT AND WORK ACTIVITY OF
2006 HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES
In October 2006, 65.8 percent of high school graduates from the class of 2006 were enrolled in colleges or universities, according to data released today by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Since 2001, the college enrollment rate for recent high school graduates has been trending
upward.
Information on school enrollment and work activity is collected monthly in the Current Population Survey
(CPS). Each October, a supplement to the basic CPS gathers more detailed information on full-time and
part-time enrollment status, level of education, and enrollment status a year earlier. The CPS is a monthly
nationwide survey of about 60,000 households that obtains information on employment, unemployment,
earnings, demographics, and other characteristics of the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over.
Additional information about the October supplement is included in the Technical Note.
Recent High School Graduates and Dropouts
Of the 2.5 million youth who graduated from high school between October 2005 and October 2006, 1.6
million (65.8 percent) were attending college in October 2006. The college enrollment rate of young women,
66.0 percent, was about the same as that of young men, 65.5 percent. Asians were considerably more likely
than whites, blacks, and Hispanics to be enrolled in college in the fall following their high school graduation.
Among recent high school graduates enrolled in college, 92.3 percent were full-time students. Of these
full-time students, 40.8 percent were in the labor force, either working or looking for work, in October 2006.
In contrast, 81.0 percent of part-time college students participated in the labor force.
More than 6 in 10 recent high school graduates who were enrolled in college attended 4-year institutions.
The labor force participation rate for these students was 35.0 percent, and their unemployment rate was 5.5
percent. In contrast, 58.8 percent of recent high school graduates enrolled in 2-year institutions were in the
labor force, and their unemployment rate was 11.5 percent. (See table 1.)
Recent high school graduates who were not enrolled in college in the fall of 2006 were more likely than
enrolled graduates to be in the labor force (76.4 versus 43.9 percent). The unemployment rate for those not
enrolled in college was 25.0 percent in October 2006, compared with 8.5 percent for their counterparts who
were enrolled in college (either 2- or 4-year institutions).
Between October 2005 and October 2006, about 444,000 young people dropped out of high school.
The labor force participation rate for these dropouts (51.4 percent) was considerably lower than the partici-

2

pation rate for recent high school graduates who had not enrolled in college (76.4 percent). The unemployment rate for recent high school dropouts (23.1 percent) was about the same as that for recent high school
graduates who were not enrolled in college (25.0 percent). Among recent high school dropouts, young men
were more likely than young women to be participating in the labor force in October 2006 (56.0 and 45.1
percent, respectively).
Youth Enrolled in School
In October 2006, 20.8 million 16- to 24-year olds were either enrolled in high school (10.3 million)
or college (10.5 million). Among high school students, 31.4 percent were engaged in some form of labor
force activity in October. Among college students, 49.4 percent of those who were enrolled full time also
participated in the labor force, while 85.8 percent of part-time college students were in the labor force.
(See table 2.)
Overall, the unemployment rate for high school students (14.5 percent) was higher than for college students (5.7 percent). Unemployment rates for black (23.5 percent) and Hispanic (19.3 percent) high school
students continued to be higher than for whites (12.2 percent). Among college students, blacks had the highest unemployment rate (11.2 percent), while Hispanic and white college students had rates that were about
equal (5.4 and 5.3 percent, respectively).
Out-of-School Youth
Of the 16.3 million 16- to 24-year olds not enrolled in school in October 2006, 81.8 percent were in
the labor force. Among youth not in school, men were more likely than women to be in the labor force,
87.9 percent compared with 75.1 percent. The difference was greatest among those with less than a high
school diploma and diminished with more education. (See table 2.)
Unemployment rates for youth not in school were lower among those with higher education levels. The
unemployment rates for youths who had college degrees were 7.6 percent for men and 5.0 percent for women. In contrast, youths without a high school diploma who were not enrolled in school had unemployment
rates of 12.6 percent for men and 25.9 percent for women.

Technical Note
The estimates in this release were obtained from a
supplement to the October 2006 Current Population Survey
(CPS), a monthly survey of about 60,000 households which
provides information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment for the nation. The survey is conducted
monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census
Bureau. Data relate to the school enrollment status
of persons 16 to 24 years of age in the civilian noninstitutional population in the calendar week that includes
the 12th of the month. Data reflect revised population
controls for the Current Population Survey introduced in
January 2006.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200;
TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and
nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire
population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimates may differ from the “true” population values they
represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is
about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an
estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the “true” population value because of
sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct infor-

mation, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS
and information on estimating standard errors, see the
“Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error” section of
Employment and Earnings.
Concepts
The principal concepts used in connection with the school
enrollment series are described briefly below.
School enrollment. Respondents were asked whether they
were currently enrolled in a regular school, including day or
night school in any type of public, parochial, or other private
school. Regular schooling is that which may advance a person
toward a high school diploma or a college, university, or
professional degree. Such schools include elementary schools,
junior or senior high schools, and colleges and universities.
Other schooling, including trade schools; on-the-job training;
and courses that do not require physical presence in school,
such as correspondence courses or other courses of independent study, is included only if the credits granted count
towards promotion in regular school.
Full-time and part-time enrollment in college. College
students are classified as attending full time if they were taking
12 hours of classes or more (or 9 hours of graduate classes)
during an average school week and as part time if they were
taking fewer hours.
High school graduation status. Persons who were not
enrolled in school at the time of the survey were asked
whether they had graduated from high school. Those who
had graduated were asked when they completed their high
school education. Persons who had not graduated, that is,
school dropouts, were asked when they last attended a regular
school. Those who were enrolled in college at the time of the
survey also were asked when they graduated from high school.

Table 1. Labor force status of 2006 high school graduates and 2005-06 high school dropouts 16 to 24 years old
by school enrollment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, October 2006
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed
Number

Rate

Not in
labor
force

Total, 2006 high school graduates 1 ...........

2,495

1,372

55.0

1,148

46.0

224

16.4

1,123

Men ...........................................................
Women .....................................................

1,251
1,243

657
716

52.5
57.5

534
614

42.7
49.3

122
102

18.7
14.2

595
528

White ........................................................
Black or African American ........................
Asian .........................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .......................

1,987
309
125
353

1,144
150
45
199

57.6
48.7
35.9
56.4

977
97
43
171

49.2
31.4
34.7
48.5

166
53
2
28

14.5
35.6
(2)
13.9

843
158
80
154

Enrolled in college ....................................

1,641

720

43.9

659

40.2

61

8.5

921

Enrolled in 2-year college .......................
Enrolled in 4-year college .......................

612
1,029

360
360

58.8
35.0

318
340

52.1
33.1

41
20

11.5
5.5

252
669

Full-time students ...................................
Part-time students ..................................

1,514
127

617
102

40.8
81.0

569
89

37.6
70.5

48
13

7.7
12.9

897
24

Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................

820
820

316
404

38.5
49.2

287
372

34.9
45.4

30
31

9.3
7.8

504
416

White ......................................................
Black or African American ......................
Asian .......................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .....................

1,322
170
103
206

605
64
33
92

45.7
37.9
31.7
44.6

563
49
32
82

42.5
28.7
30.7
40.0

42
16
1
9

6.9
(2)
(2)
10.1

718
105
70
114

Not enrolled in college ..............................

854

652

76.4

489

57.2

163

25.0

202

Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................

431
423

341
312

79.0
73.7

248
241

57.5
57.0

93
70

27.3
22.6

90
111

White ......................................................
Black or African American ......................
Asian .......................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .....................

664
139
22
147

539
86
12
107

81.2
61.9
(2)
72.9

415
48
12
89

62.4
34.7
(2)
60.4

124
38
1
18

23.1
44.0
(2)
17.2

125
53
10
40

Total, 2005-06 high school dropouts 3 .......

444

228

51.4

176

39.5

53

23.1

216

Men ...........................................................
Women .....................................................

257
187

144
85

56.0
45.1

117
59

45.5
31.4

27
26

18.9
30.4

113
103

White ........................................................
Black or African American ........................
Asian .........................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .......................

334
79
19
137

178
36
8
64

53.2
45.6
(2)
47.1

144
21
8
47

43.0
26.8
(2)
34.4

34
15

19.2
(2)
(2)
(2)

156
43
11
72

1 Data refer to persons who graduated from high school between October
2005 and October 2006.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
3 Data refer to persons who dropped out of school between October 2005
and October 2006.
NOTE: Detail for the above race groups (white, black or African American,

–
17

and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races.
In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be
of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash
represents or rounds to zero. Data reflect revised population controls for the
Current Population Survey introduced in January 2006.

Table 2. Labor force status of persons 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, educational attainment, sex, race,
and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, October 2006
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed

Total

Percent of
population

Number

Rate

Not in
labor
force

Total, 16 to 24 years ...............................

37,047

22,300

60.2

20,016

54.0

2,285

10.2

14,746

Enrolled in school .......................................

20,797

9,001

43.3

8,204

39.4

797

8.9

11,796

Enrolled in high school 1 ...........................

10,315

3,235

31.4

2,767

26.8

468

14.5

7,080

Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................

5,283
5,032

1,587
1,648

30.0
32.7

1,343
1,424

25.4
28.3

244
224

15.4
13.6

3,696
3,384

White ......................................................
Black or African American ......................
Asian .......................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .....................

7,807
1,724
341
1,720

2,639
419
55
342

33.8
24.3
16.1
19.9

2,318
321
48
276

29.7
18.6
14.0
16.1

321
99
7
66

12.2
23.5
(2)
19.3

5,168
1,305
286
1,377

Enrolled in college ....................................

10,482

5,766

55.0

5,437

51.9

329

5.7

4,716

Enrolled in 2-year college .......................
Enrolled in 4-year college .......................

2,705
7,777

1,753
4,013

64.8
51.6

1,636
3,801

60.5
48.9

117
212

6.7
5.3

952
3,764

Full-time students ...................................
Part-time students ..................................

8,869
1,613

4,382
1,384

49.4
85.8

4,129
1,308

46.6
81.1

253
75

5.8
5.4

4,487
230

Men .........................................................
Women ...................................................

4,859
5,623

2,586
3,179

53.2
56.5

2,424
3,013

49.9
53.6

163
166

6.3
5.2

2,273
2,444

White ......................................................
Black or African American ......................
Asian .......................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .....................

8,190
1,303
670
1,198

4,650
635
282
717

56.8
48.7
42.1
59.8

4,405
564
279
678

53.8
43.2
41.7
56.6

245
71
3
39

5.3
11.2
0.9
5.4

3,540
669
388
481

Not enrolled in school .................................
16 to 19 years ...........................................
20 to 24 years ...........................................

16,250
3,074
13,176

13,299
2,238
11,061

81.8
72.8
84.0

11,811
1,798
10,013

72.7
58.5
76.0

1,488
440
1,048

11.2
19.6
9.5

2,950
836
2,114

Men ...........................................................
Less than a high school diploma ............
High school graduates, no college 3 .......
Some college or associate degree .........
Bachelor’s degree and higher 4 ..............

8,564
1,925
4,008
1,674
958

7,530
1,528
3,531
1,567
903

87.9
79.4
88.1
93.7
94.3

6,692
1,335
3,079
1,444
834

78.1
69.4
76.8
86.3
87.1

838
193
452
124
69

11.1
12.6
12.8
7.9
7.6

1,034
397
477
106
55

Women .....................................................
Less than a high school diploma ............
High school graduates, no college 3 .......
Some college or associate degree .........
Bachelor’s degree and higher 4 ..............

7,686
1,506
3,147
1,903
1,130

5,769
796
2,295
1,626
1,052

75.1
52.9
72.9
85.5
93.0

5,119
590
2,008
1,522
999

66.6
39.2
63.8
80.0
88.4

650
206
287
105
53

11.3
25.9
12.5
6.4
5.0

1,916
709
852
276
79

White ........................................................
Black or African American ........................
Asian .........................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .......................

12,769
2,418
455
3,518

10,636
1,866
340
2,742

83.3
77.2
74.6
77.9

9,643
1,447
316
2,506

75.5
59.9
69.4
71.2

993
418
23
236

9.3
22.4
6.9
8.6

2,133
552
116
776

1 Includes a small number of persons enrolled in grades below high
school.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
3 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
4 Includes persons with a bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral
degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the above race groups (white, black or African American,

and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races.
In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be
of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Data
reflect revised population controls for the Current Population Survey
introduced in January 2006.