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1 Technical information: Media contact: (202) 691-6378 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ 691-5902 USDL 06-514 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Friday, March 24, 2006 COLLEGE ENROLLMENT AND WORK ACTIVITY OF 2005 HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES In October 2005, 68.6 percent of high school graduates from the class of 2005 were enrolled in colleges or universities, according to data released today by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics. The college enrollment rate for recent high school graduates was a historical high for the series dating back to 1959. Information on school enrollment and work activity is collected monthly in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Each October, a supplement to the basic CPS gathers more detailed information on full-time and part-time enrollment status, level of education, and enrollment status a year earlier. The CPS is a monthly nationwide survey of about 60,000 households that obtains information on employment, unemployment, earnings, demographics, and other characteristics of the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over. Additional information about the October supplement is included in the Technical Note. Recent High School Graduates and Dropouts Of the 2.7 million youth who graduated from high school between October 2004 and October 2005, 1.8 million (68.6 percent) were attending college in October 2005. The college enrollment rate of young women, 70.4 percent, continued to exceed that of young men, 66.5 percent. Asians were more likely than whites, blacks, and Hispanics to be enrolled in college in the fall following their high school graduation. Among recent high school graduates enrolled in college, 91.2 percent were full-time students. Of these full-time students, 44.3 percent were in the labor force, either working or looking for work, in October 2005. In contrast, 79.0 percent of part-time college students participated in the labor force. About two-thirds of the 2005 high school graduates enrolled in college attended 4-year institutions. The labor force participation rate for these students was 39.9 percent, and their unemployment rate was 6.3 percent. In contrast, 61.3 percent of the recent high school graduates enrolled in 2-year institutions were in the labor force, and their unemployment rate was 11.0 percent. (See table 1.) Recent high school graduates who were not enrolled in college in the fall of 2005 were more likely than enrolled graduates to participate in the labor force (78.5 versus 47.4 percent). The unemployment rate for those not enrolled in college was 20.6 percent in October 2005; the jobless rate for recent high school graduates enrolled in college was 8.4 percent. Between October 2004 and October 2005, about 400,000 young people dropped out of high school. The labor force participation rate for these dropouts (57.2 percent) was considerably lower than the participation rate for recent high school graduates who had not enrolled in college (78.5 percent). Among recent 2 high school dropouts, men were more likely than women to be participating in the labor force in October 2005 (59.7 and 54.0 percent, respectively). The unemployment rate for recent high school dropouts was 32.9 percent in October 2005, and the unemployment rate of recent high school graduates who had not enrolled in college was 20.6 percent. Youth Enrolled in School In October 2005, 20.9 million 16- to 24-year olds were either enrolled in high school (9.9 million) or college (11.0 million). Among high school students, 31.0 percent were engaged in some form of labor force activity in October. Among college students who were enrolled full time, 52.7 percent participated in the labor force. In contrast, 88.2 percent of part-time college students participated in the labor force. (See table 2.) Overall, the unemployment rate for high school students (17.0 percent) was higher than for college students (6.1 percent). Unemployment rates for black (35.0 percent) and Hispanic (24.8 percent) high school students continued to be higher than for whites (14.9 percent). Among college students, blacks had the highest unemployment rate (10.5 percent), while Hispanic and white college students had similar rates (5.9 and 5.7 percent, respectively). Asian college students had an unemployment rate of 4.6 percent in October 2005. Out-of-School Youth Of the 15.9 million 16- to 24-year olds not enrolled in school in October 2005, 81.3 percent were in the labor force. Among youth not in school, men were more likely than women to be in the labor force, 87.5 percent compared with 74.6 percent. The difference was greatest among those with less than a high school diploma and diminished with more education. (See table 2.) Unemployment rates for youth not in school were lower among those with higher education levels. The unemployment rates for youths who had college degrees were 5.4 percent for men and 3.6 percent for women. In contrast, youth without a high school diploma who were not enrolled in school had unemployment rates of 15.3 percent for men and 21.2 percent for women. Technical Note The estimates in this release were obtained from a supplement to the October 2005 Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of about 60,000 households which provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment for the nation. The survey is conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data relate to the school enrollment status of persons 16 to 24 years of age in the civilian noninstitutional population in the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. Data reflect revised population controls for the Current Population Survey introduced in January 2005. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on estimating standard errors, see the “Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error” section of Employment and Earnings. Concepts The principal concepts used in connection with the school enrollment series are described briefly below. School enrollment. Respondents were asked whether they were currently enrolled in a regular school, including day or night school in any type of public, parochial, or other private school. Regular schooling is that which may advance a person toward a high school diploma or a college, university, or professional degree. Such schools include elementary schools, junior or senior high schools, and colleges and universities. Other schooling, including trade schools; on-the-job training; and courses that do not require physical presence in school, such as correspondence courses or other courses of independent study, is included only if the credits granted count towards promotion in regular school. Full-time and part-time enrollment in college. College students are classified as attending full time if they were taking 12 hours of classes or more (or 9 hours of graduate classes) during an average school week and as part time if they were taking fewer hours. High school graduation status. Persons who were not enrolled in school at the time of the survey were asked whether they had graduated from high school. Those who had graduated were asked when they completed their high school education. Persons who had not graduated, that is, school dropouts, were asked when they last attended a regular school. Those who were enrolled in college at the time of the survey also were asked when they graduated from high school. Table 1. Labor force status of 2005 high school graduates and 2004-05 high school dropouts 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, October 2005 (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Characteristic Civilian noninstitutional population Employed Total Percent of population Total Percent of population Unemployed Number Rate Not in labor force Total, 2005 high school graduates 1 ........... 2,675 1,529 57.2 1,320 49.3 209 13.7 1,146 Men ........................................................... Women ..................................................... 1,262 1,414 751 778 59.5 55.0 652 668 51.7 47.2 99 110 13.1 14.2 511 635 White ........................................................ Black or African American ........................ Asian ......................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ....................... 2,147 354 80 390 1,256 196 22 237 58.5 55.3 27.1 60.6 1,106 146 22 193 51.5 41.1 27.1 49.4 149 50 – 44 11.9 25.5 (2) 18.5 891 159 58 154 Enrolled in college .................................... 1,834 869 47.4 795 43.4 73 8.4 965 Enrolled in 2-year college ....................... Enrolled in 4-year college ....................... 642 1,192 393 475 61.3 39.9 350 445 54.5 37.4 43 30 11.0 6.3 249 717 Full-time students ................................... Part-time students .................................. 1,672 162 741 128 44.3 79.0 676 120 40.4 73.8 65 8 8.7 6.6 931 34 Men ......................................................... Women ................................................... 839 995 406 463 48.4 46.5 364 431 43.4 43.3 42 31 10.3 6.8 433 533 White ...................................................... Black or African American ...................... Asian ....................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..................... 1,490 201 70 211 728 82 19 96 48.8 40.7 (2) 45.7 674 68 19 91 45.2 33.9 (2) 43.1 54 14 6 7.4 16.8 (2) 5.8 762 119 50 114 Not enrolled in college .............................. 841 660 78.5 525 62.4 136 20.6 181 Men ......................................................... Women ................................................... 423 418 345 315 81.6 75.4 288 236 68.2 56.5 57 79 16.4 25.1 78 103 White ...................................................... Black or African American ...................... Asian ....................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..................... 656 153 10 179 528 114 2 140 80.4 74.4 (2) 78.2 432 78 2 102 65.9 50.7 (2) 56.9 96 36 38 18.1 31.9 (2) 27.3 128 39 8 39 Total, 2004-05 high school dropouts 3 ....... 407 233 57.2 156 38.3 77 32.9 174 Men ........................................................... Women ..................................................... 227 180 136 97 59.7 54.0 87 69 38.3 38.4 49 28 35.9 28.8 91 83 White ........................................................ Black or African American ........................ Asian ......................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ....................... 273 114 7 86 166 52 6 55 61.1 45.4 (2) 64.3 114 31 6 39 41.9 27.6 (2) 45.1 52 20 1 17 31.4 (2) (2) (2) 106 62 – 31 1 Data refer to persons who graduated from high school between October 2004 and October 2005. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 3 Data refer to persons who dropped out of school between October 2004 and October 2005. NOTE: Detail for the above race groups (white, black or African American, – – and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Dash represents or rounds to zero. Data reflect revised population controls for the Current Population Survey introduced in January 2005. Table 2. Labor force status of persons 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, October 2005 (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Characteristic Civilian noninstitutional population Employed Total Percent of population Unemployed Total Percent of population Number Rate Not in labor force Total, 16 to 24 years ............................... 36,761 22,338 60.8 20,032 54.5 2,306 10.3 14,423 Enrolled in school ....................................... 20,905 9,442 45.2 8,528 40.8 914 9.7 11,462 Enrolled in high school 1 ........................... 9,905 3,075 31.0 2,552 25.8 523 17.0 6,830 Men ......................................................... Women ................................................... 5,234 4,671 1,528 1,547 29.2 33.1 1,292 1,260 24.7 27.0 236 287 15.4 18.6 3,706 3,123 White ...................................................... Black or African American ...................... Asian ....................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..................... 7,597 1,565 343 1,661 2,587 292 74 391 34.1 18.7 21.5 23.5 2,200 190 70 294 29.0 12.1 20.4 17.7 387 102 4 97 14.9 35.0 (2) 24.8 5,010 1,273 269 1,270 Enrolled in college .................................... 11,000 6,367 57.9 5,976 54.3 391 6.1 4,633 Enrolled in 2-year college ....................... Enrolled in 4-year college ....................... 2,749 8,250 1,845 4,522 67.1 54.8 1,693 4,282 61.6 51.9 152 240 8.2 5.3 904 3,728 Full-time students ................................... Part-time students .................................. 9,396 1,604 4,952 1,414 52.7 88.2 4,612 1,363 49.1 85.0 340 51 6.9 3.6 4,443 189 Men ......................................................... Women ................................................... 5,034 5,965 2,816 3,551 55.9 59.5 2,620 3,356 52.0 56.3 196 195 7.0 5.5 2,218 2,414 White ...................................................... Black or African American ...................... Asian ....................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..................... 8,603 1,328 715 1,243 5,169 656 326 681 60.1 49.4 45.6 54.8 4,877 587 311 641 56.7 44.2 43.5 51.6 292 69 15 40 5.7 10.5 4.6 5.9 3,433 672 389 561 Not enrolled in school ................................. 16 to 19 years ........................................... 20 to 24 years ........................................... 15,856 2,884 12,973 12,896 2,070 10,826 81.3 71.8 83.5 11,504 1,681 9,823 72.6 58.3 75.7 1,392 389 1,003 10.8 18.8 9.3 2,960 813 2,147 Men ........................................................... Less than a high school diploma ............ High school graduates, no college 3 ....... Some college or associate degree ......... Bachelor’s degree and higher ................. 8,279 2,009 3,849 1,713 708 7,240 1,602 3,381 1,576 681 87.5 79.8 87.8 92.0 96.1 6,442 1,357 3,018 1,424 644 77.8 67.5 78.4 83.1 90.9 798 246 363 153 37 11.0 15.3 10.7 9.7 5.4 1,039 406 468 137 27 Women ..................................................... Less than a high school diploma ............ High school graduates, no college 3 ....... Some college or associate degree ......... Bachelor’s degree and higher ................. 7,578 1,449 3,219 1,861 1,049 5,656 776 2,355 1,553 973 74.6 53.5 73.2 83.4 92.8 5,062 611 2,083 1,430 938 66.8 42.2 64.7 76.8 89.4 594 165 271 123 35 10.5 21.2 11.5 7.9 3.6 1,921 673 864 308 76 White ........................................................ Black or African American ........................ Asian ......................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ....................... 12,412 2,448 419 3,460 10,285 1,843 339 2,663 82.9 75.3 81.0 77.0 9,323 1,506 314 2,367 75.1 61.5 74.9 68.4 962 338 25 295 9.4 18.3 7.5 11.1 2,127 605 80 798 1 Includes a small number of persons enrolled in grades below high school. 2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. 3 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. NOTE: Detail for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Data reflect revised population controls for the Current Population Survey introduced in January 2005.