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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information: (202) 691-6378
USDL 01-94

Media contact:

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Friday, April 13, 2001

691-5902

COLLEGE ENROLLMENT AND WORK ACTIVITY OF YEAR 2000 HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES
Sixty-three percent of the high school graduating class of 2000 was
enrolled in colleges or universities in the fall, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The college
enrollment rate was virtually the same as a year earlier and was well below
the record high of 67 percent in 1997.
Information on school enrollment and the work activity of high school
graduates comes from an October supplement to the Current Population Survey
(CPS). The CPS is a monthly nationwide survey of about 50,000 households
that provides information on employment, unemployment, earnings, demographics,
and other characteristics of the civilian noninstitutional population age
16 and over. See the Technical Note for more information on the October
supplement.
Recent High School Graduates and Dropouts
Among the 2.8 million high school graduates in 2000, 1.7 million
(63.3 percent) were enrolled in college the following October. The college
enrollment rate of young women, at 66.2 percent, continued to exceed that
of young men, 59.9 percent. Among race and ethnic groups, a higher proportion of white high school graduates were enrolled in college the following
fall (64.0 percent) than were black (56.2 percent) or Hispanic (53.0 percent)
graduates. (See table 1.)
Among the members of the year 2000 high school graduating class who
enrolled in college the following fall, two-thirds were attending 4-year
institutions. Of these students, nearly 40 percent also participated in
the labor force by either working or actively looking for employment. In
contrast, nearly 65 percent of recent high school graduates enrolled in
2-year institutions were in the labor force. Among all recent high school
graduates enrolled in college, those who attended part time were much more
likely to participate in the labor force (78.4 percent) than were full-time
college students (43.8 percent).
Four out of every five recent high school graduates not enrolled in
college were in the labor force in October 2000. The unemployment rate
for this group was 13.1 percent, down from 17.5 percent in October 1999.

Between October 1999 and October 2000, slightly more than half a million
youths dropped out of high school. Among these high school dropouts, more
than two-thirds were in the labor force in October 2000. However,
28.1 percent of these young labor force participants were unemployed--a full
15 percentage points higher than the unemployment rate for recent high school
graduates who were not enrolled in college. Among high school dropouts, men
were more likely than women to participate in the labor force (74.4 percent
versus 59.4 percent). The unemployment rate was higher for these young women
(34.2 percent) than for the young men (24.5 percent).
- 2 Youth Enrolled in School
Over half of the nation's 34.6 million 16- to 24-year-olds were enrolled
in school in October 2000, with 8.7 million youths in high school and
9.6 million in college. Among high school students almost 4 in 10 were in
the labor force in October 2000, and their unemployment rate was 12.7 percent.
In comparison, 6 in 10 college students were in the labor force in October
2000, with an unemployment rate of 5.1 percent. Full-time college students
were less likely to be in the labor force than part-time students, 55.1 versus
88.5 percent. Among the race and ethnic groups, Hispanic college students
were more likely to participate in the labor force (69.8 percent) than were
whites (63.3 percent) and blacks (50.9 percent). Conversely, among high
school students, a greater proportion of whites were in the labor force
(42.0 percent) than were blacks (27.2 percent) and Hispanics (25.2 percent).
(See table 2.)
Out-of-School Youth
Four out of five 16- to 24-year-olds not enrolled in school in October
2000 were in the labor force. Among young persons not enrolled in school,
a greater percentage of whites were in the labor force (84.6 percent) than
were Hispanics (77.0 percent) and blacks (73.2 percent). Labor force
participation rates were notably higher for men (88.7 percent) than for
women (76.3 percent); however, the unemployment rates were similar,
9.3 percent for men and 9.0 percent for women. The disparity in labor
force participation between young men and young women is largest among
those who have not completed high school and nearly disappears among college
graduates.
Higher levels of education generally corresponded to lower unemployment
rates. The unemployment rate for those who had graduated from college was
5.6 percent for men and 3.1 percent for women. In contrast, those with
less than a high school diploma experienced the highest unemployment rates--

16.3 percent for men and 20.3 percent for women.
Technical Note

The estimates in this release were obtained from a supplement to the
October 2000 Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of about
50,000 households which provides information on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment for the nation. The survey is conducted
monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S. Census Bureau. Data
relate to the school enrollment status of persons 16 to 24 years of age in
the civilian noninstitutional population in the calendar week that includes
the 12th of the month.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed,
there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error,
varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample
will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population
value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at
the 90-percent level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error
can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of
the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and
information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and
Estimates of Error" section of Employment and Earnings.
Concepts
The principal concepts used in connection with the school enrollment
series are described briefly below.
School enrollment.

Respondents were asked whether they were currently

enrolled in a regular school, including day or night school in any type of
public, parochial, or other private school. Regular schooling is that
which may advance a person toward a high school diploma or a college,
university, or professional degree. Such schools include elementary
schools, junior or senior high schools, and colleges and universities.
Persons attending special schools, such as trade schools or business
colleges, are not included in the enrollment figures. Persons taking
classes that do not require physical presence in school, such as
correspondence courses or other courses of independent study, and persons
attending training courses given directly on the job are counted only if
the credits obtained are towards promotion in regular school.
Full-time and part-time enrollment in college. College students are
classified as attending full time if they were taking 12 hours of classes
or more (or 9 hours of graduate classes) during an average school week and
as part time if they were taking fewer hours.
High school graduation status. Persons who were not enrolled in school
at the time of the survey were asked whether they had graduated from high
school. Those who had graduated were asked when they completed their high
school education. Persons who had not graduated, that is, school dropouts,
were asked when they last attended a regular school. Those who were
enrolled in college at the time of the survey also were asked when they
graduated from high school.
Table 1. Labor force status of 2000 high school graduates and 1999-2000 high school dropouts 16 to 24 years old
by school enrollment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, October 2000
(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian labor force

Characteristic

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Percent of
population

Number

Rate

Not in
labor
force

Total, 2000 high school graduates...

2,756

1,629

59.1

1,473

53.5

155

9.5

1,127

Men...............................
Women.............................

1,251
1,505

767
862

61.3
57.3

703
770

56.2
51.2

64
92

8.3
10.6

484
643

White.............................
Black.............................

2,219
404

1,366
193

61.5
47.7

1,260
159

56.8
39.4

105
33

7.7
17.3

854
212

Hispanic origin...................

300

208

69.2

191

63.7

16

7.9

93

Enrolled in college...............

1,745

818

46.8

769

44.0

49

6.0

928

Enrolled in 2-year college......
Enrolled in 4-year college......

589
1,156

380
437

64.5
37.8

359
410

61.0
35.4

21
28

5.5
6.4

209
719

Full-time students..............
Part-time students..............

1,592
154

697
120

43.8
78.4

650
119

40.8
77.6

48
1

6.8
1.1

895
33

Men.............................
Women...........................

749
996

365
453

48.7
45.5

353
416

47.1
41.8

12
37

3.3
8.2

385
543

White...........................
Black...........................
Hispanic origin.................

1,420
227
159

695
84
101

48.9
36.8
63.3

660
78
94

46.5
34.2
59.2

35
6
6

5.1
7.0
6.4

725
143
58

Not enrolled in college...........

1,010

811

80.3

705

69.7

106

13.1

199

Men.............................
Women...........................

501
509

402
409

80.1
80.4

350
354

69.8
69.6

52
55

12.9
13.4

100
100

White...........................
Black...........................
Hispanic origin.................

799
177
141

670
109
107

83.9
61.5
75.8

601
82
97

75.1
46.0
68.8

70
28
10

10.4
25.2
9.3

129
68
34

Total, 1999-2000 high school
dropouts(1)......................

515

350

68.0

252

48.9

99

28.1

165

Men...............................
Women.............................

295
220

220
131

74.4
59.4

166
86

56.2
39.1

54
45

24.5
34.2

76
90

White.............................
Black.............................
Hispanic origin...................

384
111
101

280
58
62

73.0
51.9
61.1

210
31
39

54.8
27.5
39.0

70
27
22

24.9
(2)
(2)

104
53
39

1 Data refer to persons who dropped out of school between October 1999 and October 2000.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Data reflect revised population controls
used in the Current Population Survey effective with January 2000 estimates.
Table 2. Labor force status of persons 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, educational attainment, sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, October 2000

(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian labor force

Characteristic

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Unemployed

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent of
population

Number

Percent
of labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Total, 16 to 24 years..........

34,568

22,627

65.5

20,675

59.8

1,952

8.6

11,940

Enrolled in school.................

18,313

9,183

50.1

8,457

46.2

726

7.9

9,130

Enrolled in high school(1).......

8,720

3,372

38.7

2,944

33.8

428

12.7

5,348

Men............................
Women..........................

4,589
4,130

1,727
1,645

37.6
39.8

1,499
1,445

32.7
35.0

228
200

13.2
12.2

2,863
2,485

White..........................
Black..........................
Hispanic origin................

6,883
1,395
1,275

2,890
380
321

42.0
27.2
25.2

2,566
287
254

37.3
20.5
19.9

324
93
68

11.2
24.6
21.1

3,993
1,015
954

Enrolled in college..............

9,593

5,811

60.6

5,513

57.5

298

5.1

3,782

Enrolled in 2-year college.....
Enrolled in 4-year college.....

2,567
7,026

1,846
3,965

71.9
56.4

1,739
3,774

67.7
53.7

107
191

5.8
4.8

721
3,062

Full-time students.............
Part-time students.............

8,011
1,582

4,411
1,400

55.1
88.5

4,169
1,344

52.0
84.9

242
56

5.5
4.0

3,600
182

Men............................
Women..........................

4,398
5,195

2,615
3,196

59.4
61.5

2,478
3,035

56.3
58.4

137
161

5.2
5.0

1,784
1,999

White..........................
Black..........................
Hispanic origin................

7,675
1,236
921

4,861
628
643

63.3
50.9
69.8

4,631
585
615

60.3
47.3
66.8

230
44
28

4.7
7.0
4.4

2,814
607
278

Not enrolled in school.............
16 to 19 years...................
20 to 24 years...................

16,255
3,688
12,567

13,444
2,812
10,632

82.7
76.3
84.6

12,218
2,339
9,879

75.2
63.4
78.6

1,226
473
753

9.1
16.8
7.1

2,810
876
1,935

Men..............................

8,414

7,464

88.7

6,773

80.5

691

9.3

950

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no
college.......................
Less than a bachelor's degree..
College graduates..............

2,082

1,684

80.9

1,410

67.7

275

16.3

398

3,962
1,651
720

3,551
1,533
695

89.6
92.9
96.6

3,220
1,488
656

81.3
90.1
91.2

332
46
39

9.3
3.0
5.6

410
117
25

Women............................
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no
college.......................
Less than a bachelor's degree..
College graduates..............

7,841
1,694

5,980
928

76.3
54.8

5,445
740

69.4
43.7

536
188

9.0
20.3

1,860
765

3,389
1,767
991

2,644
1,478
930

78.0
83.7
93.9

2,412
1,392
901

71.2
78.7
90.9

231
87
29

8.8
5.9
3.1

745
289
61

White............................
Black............................
Hispanic origin..................

12,996
2,592
3,042

10,992
1,897
2,344

84.6
73.2
77.0

10,175
1,543
2,151

78.3
59.5
70.7

817
354
193

7.4
18.7
8.2

2,004
696
698

1 Includes a small number of persons enrolled in grades below high school.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. Data reflect revised population controls
used in the Current Population Survey effective with January 2000 estimates.