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United States
Department
of Labor

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical information:
(202) 691-6175
Media information:
(202) 691-5902
Internet address: http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshcfoi1.htm

USDL 04-1830
FOR RELEASE: 10 a.m. EDT
Wednesday, September 22, 2004

NATIONAL CENSUS OF FATAL OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES IN 2003
A total of 5,559 fatal work injuries were recorded in the U.S. in 2003, a small
increase from the revised total of 5,534 fatal work injuries reported for 2002, according to
the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
U.S. Department of Labor. Despite the increase, fatal work injuries for both 2003 and
2002 were the lowest ever recorded by the fatality census, which has been conducted
each year since 1992. The rate at which fatal work injuries occurred in 2003 was 4.0
fatalities per 100,000 workers, unchanged from the rate reported for 2002.
Profile of 2003 fatal work injuries by type of incident
Fatal work injuries resulting from highway incidents, falls, and electrocutions were
all lower in 2003 than in 2002, while fatal injuries involving homicides, fires and
explosions, and being struck by objects increased.
Fatal highway incidents were down in 2003 for the second consecutive year, but
continued to account for the highest number of fatal work injuries. The 1,350 fatal
highway incidents recorded in 2003 accounted for about one out of every four fatal work
injuries. Incidents involving workers struck by vehicles or mobile equipment also were
down in 2003, but the number of fatal work injuries involving nonhighway transportation
incidents (such as those that might occur on a farm or industrial premises) and aircraftrelated incidents were both higher.
Note on industry and occupation classifications: Beginning with the 2003 reference
year, CFOI began using the 2002 North American Industry Classification System
(NAICS) for industries and the Standard Occupational Classification system (SOC) for
occupations. Prior to 2003, the program used the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
system and the Bureau of the Census occupational classification system. Because of the
substantial differences between the current and previous systems, the results by industry
and occupation in 2003 constitute a break in series, and users are advised against making
comparisons between the 2003 industry and occupation categories and the results for
previous years.

1

The number of workplace homicides was higher in 2003—the first increase since
2000. Despite the higher total, the 631 workplace homicides recorded in 2003
represented a 42 percent decline from the high of 1,080 workplace homicides recorded in
1994. Workplace suicides also were higher in 2003.
Fatal work injuries involving falls declined in 2003. The 691 fatal falls recorded in
2003 was the lowest total since 1996. The number of electrocutions also was lower. The
246 electrocutions in 2003 represented a decline of 15 percent from the 2002 total and
reflected a series low.
The 198 fatal work injuries resulting from fires and explosions in 2003 was 20
percent higher than the total recorded in 2002. Fatalities from being struck by objects
also were higher in 2003, led by increases in worker deaths due to being struck by a
falling or flying object.

The three most frequent work-related fatal events, 1992-2003
Number of fatalities

1,600
1,343

1,400
1,158

1,080
1,044

1,346

1,393

1,036

1,365 1,409

1,373

1,350

719

691

927

1,074

860
714

800
716

600
600

1,442 1,496

1,242

1,200
1,000

1,346

618

665

651

721

734

810

706

691

651

677

643

609

631

400
200
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Highway incidents

Homicides

Falls

NOTE: Data from 2001 exclude fatalities resulting from September 11 terrorist attacks.
SOURCE: US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 2003.

Profile of fatal work injuries by private industry
The largest number of fatal work injuries in 2003 was in the construction sector
(NAICS 23). The 1,126 fatal work injuries in private construction accounted for more
than one out of every five fatalities in 2003. Specialty trade contractors (NAICS 238)
recorded 626 fatalities or about 56 percent of the construction total. Another 226
construction workers were fatally injured while working in building construction (NAICS
236) including 128 fatalities in residential building construction (NAICS 2361). Heavy

2

and civil engineering construction (NAICS 237) reported 247 fatal work injuries or about
22 percent of the construction total.
The transportation and warehousing sector (NAICS 48-49) accounted for 805 fatal
work injuries or about 16 percent of the private industry total in 2003. Truck
transportation (NAICS 484) recorded 517 fatal work injuries or nearly two-thirds of the
transportation and warehousing total.
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting (NAICS 11) recorded 707 fatal work
injuries, the third highest among NAICS sectors. Nearly half (47 percent) of the
agriculture fatalities were in crop production (NAICS 111).
While private construction had the highest number of fatalities of any sector, the
highest fatality rate was in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting (31.2 fatalities per
100,000 workers). The second highest rate was in the mining sector (26.9 per 100,000),
followed by transportation and warehousing (17.5 per 100,000) and construction (11.7
per 100,000).

Number and rate of fatal occupational injuries by industry sector, 2003
Construction 1,126

11.7
805

Transportation and warehousing
Agriculture, forestry,
fishing, and hunting
Government
Professional and business
services

17.5
31.2

707
532

2.5

452

Manufacturing

3.3

416

2.5

Retail trade

343

Leisure and hospitality

2.1

274

2.4

Other services
(exc. public admin.)

194

Wholesale trade

191

Educational and health services

2.8
4.2

Mining

141

Financial activities

26.9
1.4

130

Information

64

Utilities
1250

0.8

143

1.8
3.7

32
1000

750

500

Number of fatalities

250

0

10

20

30

Rate = (Fatal work injuries/Employment) x 100,000 employed. Employment data extracted from the 2003 Current Population
Survey (CPS). The fatality rates were calculated using employment as the denominator; employment-based rates measure the risk
for those employed during a given period of time, regardless of exposure hours.
SOURCE: US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 2003.

3

40

Fatality rate (per 100,000 employed)

Profile of fatal work injuries by occupation
Transportation and material moving occupations (SOC 53) recorded 1,388 fatalities
in 2003, the most of any major occupational group. Over half of the fatalities in this
group involved drivers of heavy trucks or tractor trailers (SOC 53-3032). Construction
and extraction occupations (SOC 47) had the second largest number of fatal work injuries
among major occupational groups. Construction trade workers (SOC 47-2000)
accounted for 784 of the 1,033 fatal work injuries in this major group, with construction
laborers (SOC 47-2061) recording the most fatalities (289) of any individual occupation
in the group.
Other major occupational groups with high numbers of fatalities in 2003 included:
management occupations (SOC 11) with 630 fatal work injuries, installation,
maintenance, and repair occupations (SOC 49) with 395 fatalities, and sales and related
occupations (SOC 41) with 349 fatalities.
Among the major occupational groups with the highest fatal work injury rates were
farming, fishing, and forestry occupations (27.9 fatalities per 100,000 workers),
transportation and material moving occupations (16.9 per 100,000), construction and
extraction occupations (12.7 per 100,000), and protective service occupations (11.4 per
100,000).
Individual occupations with particularly high rates in 2003 included logging workers
(131.6 fatalities per 100,000 workers), fishers and related fishing occupations (115 per
100,000), and aircraft pilots and flight engineers (97.4 per 100,000).
Number and rate of fatal occupational injuries for selected occupations, 2003
Driver/sales workers
and truck drivers

861

26.7

Farmers and ranchers

329

Construction laborers

39.3
289

Grounds maintenance
workers

25.1
156

Miscellaneous
agricultural workers

131

Police and sheriff’s
patrol officers
First-line supervisors
/managers of retail
Aircraft pilots and
flight engineers

16.5

128

20.9

124

3.7

113

Laborers and freight, stock,
and material movers, hand

97.4

106

Logging workers
1000

13.6

6.1

104

750

500

250

Number of fatalities

131.6

0

50

100

Rate = (Fatal work injuries/Employment) x 100,000 workers. Employment data extracted from the 2003 Current Population
Survey (CPS). The fatality rates were calculated using employment as the denominator; employment-based rates measure the risk
for those employed during a given period of time, regardless of exposure hours.
SOURCE: US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 2003.

4

150

Fatality rate (per 100,000 employed)

Profile of fatal work injuries by demographic characteristics
The number of fatal work injuries involving black workers was higher in 2003 after
declining for the previous three years. The number of fatally injured black workers rose
from 491 in 2002 to 542 in 2003, an increase of 10 percent. Fatalities among white, nonHispanic workers, and Asian, native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander workers also
increased in 2003.
Fatal work injuries among Hispanic or Latino workers were lower for the second
consecutive year, although Hispanic workers continued to record the highest rate of fatal
injuries among the racial/ethnic groups reported (4.5 fatal work injuries per 100,000
Hispanic workers). Fatal work injuries among foreign-born Hispanic workers declined
for the first time ever in the fatality census, although fatalities among native-born
Hispanic workers rose slightly in 2003.
The number of fatal injuries rose for workers under 25 years of age and for workers
45 years of age and older in 2003, although workers from 25 through 44 years of age
recorded fewer fatalities. Workers 65 years of age and older continued to record the
highest fatality rate of any age group. The rate of 11.3 fatal work injuries per 100,000
workers for workers 65 and older was more than three times the rate of 3.3 fatalities per
100,000 workers for those 25 to 34 years of age.
The total of 1,167 self-employed workers who were fatally injured in 2003
represented an increase of 11 percent over the number reported in 2002. Fatality rates for
self-employed workers rose from 10.5 per 100,000 in 2002 to 11.1 per 100,000 in 2003.
Fatal work injuries involving wage and salary workers were down in 2003.
Profile of fatal work injuries by state
Twenty-five states had fewer fatal work injuries in 2003 than in 2002, 24 states and
the District of Columbia reported higher numbers in 2003, and one state was unchanged.
Numbers were higher in the Northeast and South, but lower in the West and Midwest in
2003.
For more detailed state results, contact the individual state agency responsible for the
collection of CFOI data in that state. Participating agencies and their telephone numbers
are listed in table 6.
Background of the program
The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, part of the BLS occupational safety and
health statistics program, provides a complete count of fatal work injuries available. The
program uses diverse state and federal data sources to identify, verify, and profile fatal
work injuries. Information about each workplace fatality (occupation and other worker
characteristics, equipment being used, and circumstances of the event) is obtained by
cross-referencing source documents, such as death certificates, workers’ compensation

5

records, and reports to federal and state agencies. This method assures counts are as
complete and accurate as possible. For the 2003 data, over 20,000 unique source
documents were reviewed.
This is the 12th year that the fatality census has been conducted in all 50 states and
the District of Columbia. The BLS fatality census is a federal/state cooperative venture
in which costs are shared equally. Additional state-specific data are available from the
participating agencies listed in table 6.
Another BLS program, the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, presents
frequency counts and incidence rates by industry and profiles worker and case
characteristics of nonfatal workplace injuries and illnesses that result in lost
work time. Copies of the news release on nonfatal injuries and illnesses in 2002 are
available from BLS by calling (202) 691-6179 or by accessing the website listed below.
Incidence rates for 2003 by industry will be published in December 2004, and
information on 2003 worker and case characteristics will be available in the spring of
2005. For additional data, access the BLS Internet site: http://www.bls.gov/iif/.
To request a copy of BLS Report 977 which highlights 2002 fatality results and
includes a number of analytical articles, e-mail your address to CFOIStaff@bls.gov or
write to Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E., Room 3180,
Washington, DC 20212.

6

Table 1. Fatal occupational injuries by event or exposure, 1998-2003
Fatalities
Event or exposure1

1998-2002
average

20022

2003

Number

Number

Percent

Total .................................................................................................

5,896

5,534

5,559

100

Transportation incidents ..................................................................
Highway ...........................................................................................
Collision between vehicles, mobile equipment ............................
Moving in same direction .........................................................
Moving in opposite directions, oncoming .................................
Moving in intersection ..............................................................
Vehicle struck stationary object or equipment in roadway ...........
Vehicle struck stationary object, equipment on side of road .......
Noncollision .................................................................................
Jack-knifed or overturned-no collision .....................................
Nonhighway (farm, industrial premises) ..........................................
Overturned ...............................................................................
Worker struck by a vehicle ..............................................................
Rail vehicle ......................................................................................
Water vehicle ...................................................................................
Aircraft .............................................................................................

2,549
1,417
696
136
249
148
27
281
367
303
358
192
380
63
92
235

2,385
1,373
636
155
202
146
33
293
373
312
323
164
356
64
71
194

2,357
1,350
648
135
269
123
17
324
321
252
347
186
336
43
68
208

42
24
12
2
5
2
3
( )
6
6
5
6
3
6
1
1
4

Assaults and violent acts .................................................................
Homicides ........................................................................................
Shooting ......................................................................................
Stabbing ......................................................................................
Self-inflicted injuries .........................................................................

910
659
519
61
218

840
609
469
58
199

901
631
487
58
218

16
11
9
1
4

Contact with objects and equipment ...............................................
Struck by object ...............................................................................
Struck by falling object .................................................................
Struck by flying object ..................................................................
Caught in or compressed by equipment or objects .........................
Caught in running equipment or machinery .................................
Caught in or crushed in collapsing materials ...................................

963
547
336
55
272
141
126

872
505
302
38
231
110
116

911
530
322
58
237
121
126

16
10
6
1
4
2
2

Falls ....................................................................................................
Fall to lower level .............................................................................
Fall from ladder ............................................................................
Fall from roof ...............................................................................
Fall from scaffold, staging ............................................................
Fall on same level ............................................................................

738
651
113
152
91
65

719
638
126
143
88
64

691
601
113
127
85
69

12
11
2
2
2
1

Exposure to harmful substances or environments ........................
Contact with electric current ............................................................
Contact with overhead power lines ..............................................
Contact with temperature extremes .................................................
Exposure to caustic, noxious, or allergenic substances ..................
Inhalation of substance ................................................................
Oxygen deficiency ...........................................................................
Drowning, submersion .................................................................

526
289
130
45
102
50
89
69

539
289
122
60
99
49
90
60

485
246
107
42
121
65
73
52

9
4
2
1
2
1
1
1

Fires and explosions .........................................................................

190

165

198

4

1 Based on the 1992 BLS Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Manual. Includes other events and
exposures, such as bodily reaction, in addition to those shown separately.
2 The BLS news release issued September 17, 2003, reported a total of 5,524 fatal work injuries for calendar year
2003. Since then, an additional 10 job-related fatalities were identified, bringing the total job-related fatality count for
2002 to 5,534.
3 Less than or equal to 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. The average count excludes
fatalities from the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with state, New York City, District of
Columbia, and federal agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries.

7

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by industry and selected event or exposure, 2003
Selected event or exposure2
(percent of total for industry)

Fatalities
Industry1
Number

Percent

Highway3

Homicides

Falls

Struck by
object

Total .............................................................................................

5,559

100

24

11

12

10

Private industry ...............................................................................

5,027

90

23

11

13

10

Goods producing ...........................................................................

2,390

43

14

3

18

14

Natural resources and mining ....................................................
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting .....................................
Crop production .......................................................................
Animal production ....................................................................
Forestry and logging ................................................................
Fishing, hunting and trapping ..................................................
Agriculture and forestry support activities ................................
Mining4 ........................................................................................
Oil and gas extraction ..............................................................
Mining, except oil and gas .......................................................
Support activities for mining ....................................................

848
707
333
158
120
49
44
141
17
55
69

15
13
6
3
2
1
1
3
5
( )
1
1

15
14
15
11
10
–
32
20
24
5
30

2
2
3
3

5
5
5
8
2

7
–
11
6

20
20
14
11
64
–
–
23
–
20
28

Construction ................................................................................
Construction ................................................................................
Construction of buildings .........................................................
Heavy and civil engineering construction ................................
Specialty trade contractors ......................................................

1,126
1,126
226
247
626

20
20
4
4
11

13
13
11
12
13

32
32
42
10
37

10
10
6
17
9

Manufacturing ..............................................................................
Manufacturing ..............................................................................
Food manufacturing .................................................................
Wood product manufacturing ..................................................
Paper manufacturing ...............................................................
Chemical manufacturing ..........................................................
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing ...........................
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ............................
Primary metal manufacturing ...................................................
Fabricated metal product manufacturing .................................
Machinery manufacturing ........................................................
Computer and electronic product manufacturing .....................
Transportation equipment manufacturing ................................

416
416
58
37
16
28
26
46
33
43
26
11
44

7
7
1
1
(5)
1
(5)
1
1
1
(5)
(5)
1

15
15
14
16
–
11
15
26
–
–
15
–
7

–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25

9
9
10
8
–
–
–
–
–
12
–
–
14

12
12
9
19
–
–
–
15
21
30
19
–
7

Service producing .........................................................................

2,637

47

32

19

8

7

Trade, transportation, and utilities ............................................
Wholesale trade ...........................................................................
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods .....................................
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods ...............................
Retail trade ..................................................................................
Motor vehicle and parts dealers ..............................................
Building material and garden supply stores .............................
Food and beverage stores .......................................................
Gasoline stations .....................................................................
Clothing and clothing accessories stores ................................
General merchandise stores ...................................................
Miscellaneous store retailers ...................................................
Nonstore retailers ....................................................................
Transportation and warehousing .................................................
Air transportation .....................................................................
Rail transportation ...................................................................
Water transportation ................................................................
Truck transportation .................................................................
Transit and ground passenger transportation ..........................
Support activities for transportation .........................................
Couriers and messengers .......................................................
Warehousing and storage .......................................................
Utilities .........................................................................................

1,371
191
103
81
343
66
34
99
42
16
11
25
22
805
52
18
24
517
74
63
22
23
32

25
3
2
1
6
1
1
2
1
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
14
1
(5)
5
( )
9
1
1
(5)
5
( )
1

42
41
32
51
17
30
26
3
10
–
–
16
59
54
–
–
–
73
28
21
73
–
22

18
8
10
4
50
26
12
82
71
69
55
44
18
7
–
–
–
2
62
5
–
–
–

5
8
4
14
7
8
15
6
–
–
–
12
–
3
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
17
–

6
12
20
–
4
9
–
–
–
–
–
12
–
5
–
–
–
5
–
6
–
22
–

Information ...................................................................................
Information ...................................................................................
Publishing industries, except Internet ......................................

64
64
31

1
1
1

47
47
65

11
11
–

11
11
–

–
–
–

See footnotes at end of table.

8

–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–

2
2
3
–
1
6
6
7

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by industry and selected event or exposure, 2003 — Continued
Selected event or exposure2
(percent of total for industry)

Fatalities
Industry1
Number

Percent

Highway3

Homicides

Falls

Struck by
object

Telecommunications ................................................................

21

(5)

33

14

14

Financial activities .......................................................................
Finance and insurance ................................................................
Credit intermediation and related activities ..............................
Insurance carriers and related activities ..................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..............................................
Real estate ..............................................................................
Rental and leasing services .....................................................

130
46
28
11
84
52
31

2
1
1
5
( )
2
1
1

26
37
29
55
20
12
32

28
28
46
–
27
35
16

11
7
–
–
13
19
–

Professional and business services ..........................................
Professional and technical services ............................................
Administrative and waste services ..............................................
Administrative and support services ........................................
Waste management and remediation services .......................

452
97
355
264
91

8
2
6
5
2

23
25
22
17
35

7
8
6
8
–

15
8
17
22
4

Educational and health services ................................................
Educational services ....................................................................
Health care and social assistance ...............................................
Ambulatory health care services .............................................
Hospitals ..................................................................................
Nursing and residential care facilities ......................................
Social assistance .....................................................................

143
41
102
36
24
20
20

3
1
2
1
(5)
(5)
(5)

24
7
30
39
21
15
35

10
–
13
8
–
35
–

13
10
15
11
21
30
–

Leisure and hospitality ...............................................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .............................................
Performing arts and spectator sports ......................................
Amusements, gambling, and recreation .................................
Accommodation and food services ..............................................
Accommodation .......................................................................
Food services and drinking places ..........................................

274
88
42
40
186
40
145

5
2
1
1
3
1
3

9
7
12
–
11
12
10

40
3
–
8
58
35
64

9
11
7
18
8
15
6

Other services, except public administration ...........................
Other services, except public administration ...............................
Repair and maintenance .........................................................
Personal and laundry services ................................................
Membership associations and organizations ...........................

194
194
121
42
30

3
3
2
1
1

17
17
9
26
37

28
28
25
45
17

9
9
7
7
17

11
11
18
–
–

Government6 ...................................................................................

532

10

35

13

6

4

Federal government ........................................................................
State government ............................................................................
Local government ............................................................................

98
102
326

2
2
6

19
37
39

3
13
17

6
10
6

–
4
–
–
–
5
–
13
13
–
16
18
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
6
–
8
–
–
–

6
–
4

1 Classified according to the North American Industry Classification System, 2002.
2 The figure shown is the percent of the total fatalities for that industry group.
3 "Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants resulting from traffic incidents that occur on the public roadway, shoulder, or surrounding
area. It excludes incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in parking lots and on farms; incidents involving trains; and deaths to
pedestrians or other non-passengers.
4 Includes fatalities at all establishments categorized as Mining (Sector 21) in the 2002 North American Industy Classification System
including establishments not governed by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) rules and reporting, such as those in Oil and Gas
Extraction.
5 Less than or equal to 0.5 percent.
6 Includes fatalities to workers employed by governmental organizations regardless of industry.
NOTE: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding.
Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. There were 9 fatalities for which there was insufficient
information to determine a specific industry classification, though a distinction between private and government was made for each.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with state, New York City, District of Columbia, and federal
agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries.

9

Table 3. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and selected event or exposure, 2003
Selected event or exposure2
(percent of total for occupation)

Fatalities
Occupation1
Number

Total .................................................................................................
Management occupations ................................................................
Top executives ................................................................................
Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales
managers .......................................................................................
Operations specialties managers ....................................................
Other management occupations .....................................................
Business and financial operations occupations ............................
Business operations specialists .......................................................
Financial specialists .........................................................................
Computer and mathematical occupations ......................................
Computer specialists .......................................................................
Architecture and engineering occupations ....................................
Architects, surveyors, and cartographers ........................................
Engineers ........................................................................................
Drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians .............................
Life, physical, and social science occupations ..............................
Life scientists ...................................................................................
Physical scientists ...........................................................................
Life, physical, and social science technicians .................................
Community and social services occupations .................................
Counselors, social workers, and other community and social
service specialists ..........................................................................
Religious workers ............................................................................
Legal occupations .............................................................................
Lawyers, judges, and related workers .............................................
Legal support workers .....................................................................
Education, training, and library occupations .................................
Postsecondary teachers ..................................................................
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers ...........
Other teachers and instructors ........................................................
Librarians, curators, and archivists ..................................................
Other education, training, and library occupations ..........................
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations .......
Art and design workers ....................................................................
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers ...............
Media and communication workers .................................................
Media and communication equipment workers ...............................
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations .....................
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners ...................................
Health technologists and technicians ..............................................
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations ...............
Healthcare support occupations ......................................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ...................................
Other healthcare support occupations .............................................
Protective service occupations ........................................................
First-line supervisors managers, protective service workers ...........
Fire fighting and prevention workers ...............................................
Law enforcement workers ...............................................................
Other protective service workers .....................................................
Food preparation and serving related occupations .......................
Supervisors, food preparation and serving workers ........................
Cooks and food preparation workers ...............................................
Food and beverage serving workers ...............................................
Other food preparation and serving related workers .......................
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ...
Supervisors, building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
workers ..........................................................................................
Building cleaning and pest control workers .....................................
Grounds maintenance workers ........................................................
Personal care and service occupations ..........................................
Animal care and service workers .....................................................
Entertainment attendants and related workers ................................
Personal appearance workers .........................................................
Transportation, tourism, and lodging attendants .............................
Other personal care and service workers ........................................
Sales and related occupations .........................................................

Percent

Highway3

Homicides

Falls

5,559
630
40

100
11
1

24
16
25

11
10
15

14
34
542
32
11
21
8
7
54
7
28
19
20
8
4
7
29

(4)
1
10
1
(4)
4
( )
(4)
(4)
1
(4)
1
(4)
4
( )
(4)
(4)
(4)
1

64
26
13
31
–
38
50
57
28
–
32
32
20
–
–
–
55

–
18
9
12
–
14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10

9
8
12
27
–
–
–
11
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

16
13
15
11
4
30
10
10
3
4
3
58
10
30
12
6
49
30
16
3
20
14
5
312
24
45
153
90
71
20
18
27
6
246

(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
1
(4)
1
(4)
(4)
1
1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6
(4)
1
3
2
1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
4

62
46
–
–
–
53
40
50
–
–
100
21
–
17
50
–
35
17
69
–
25
21
–
34
38
47
43
10
8
20
–
–
–
13

–
23
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12
17
–
–
30
29
–
30
29
–
33
41
58
70
50
59
–
4

–
–
–
–
–
17
–
–
–
–
–
9
–
–
–
–
6
–
–
–
30
43
–
4
–
–
2
7
14
–
–
15
67
25

–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

41
49
156
53
18
10
7
5
10
349

1
1
3
1
4
( )
4
( )
(4)
(4)
(4)
6

12
6
15
11
–
–
–
–
–
21

–
14
2
21
–
–
71
–
40
52

20
39
22
6
–
–
–
–
–
5

27
–
25
–
–
–
–
–
–
2

See footnotes at end of table.

10

12
8
10

Struck by
object

–

10
11
8
–
–
12
–
–
–
–
–
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21

Table 3. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and selected event or exposure, 2003 — Continued
Selected event or exposure2
(percent of total for occupation)

Fatalities
Occupation1
Number

Supervisors, sales workers ..............................................................
Retail sales workers ........................................................................
Sales representatives, services .......................................................
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing .....................
Other sales and related workers ......................................................
Office and administrative support occupations .............................
Supervisors, office and administrative support workers ..................
Financial clerks ................................................................................
Information and record clerks ..........................................................
Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing
workers ..........................................................................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants .......................................
Other office and administrative support workers .............................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ....................................
Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers .........................
Agricultural workers .........................................................................
Fishing and hunting workers ............................................................
Forest, conservation, and logging workers ......................................
Construction and extraction occupations ......................................
Supervisors, construction and extraction workers ...........................
Construction trades workers ............................................................
Helpers, construction trades ............................................................
Other construction and related workers ...........................................
Extraction workers ...........................................................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ........................
Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers .........
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and
repairers ........................................................................................
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and
repairers ........................................................................................
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .................
Production occupations ...................................................................
Assemblers and fabricators .............................................................
Food processing workers ................................................................
Metal workers and plastic workers ..................................................
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers ........................................
Woodworkers ...................................................................................
Plant and system operators .............................................................
Other production occupations ..........................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations .........................
Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers ...............
Air transportation workers ................................................................
Motor vehicle operators ...................................................................
Rail transportation workers ..............................................................
Water transportation workers ..........................................................
Other transportation workers ...........................................................
Material moving workers ..................................................................
Military occupations ..........................................................................

Percent

Highway3

Homicides

161
107
14
27
40
112
7
11
11

3
2
4
( )
4
( )
1
2
4
( )
(4)
(4)

16
7
50
74
35
30
–
–
–

53
73
–
–
40
33
–
45
55

56
10
17
305
11
137
50
107
1,033
111
784
26
44
68
395
34

1
(4)
4
( )
5
(4)
2
1
2
19
2
14
(4)
1
1
7
1

45
–
18
11
–
18
–
7
12
12
11
–
18
13
10
12

25
50
29
3
–
6
–
–
2
3
2
–
–
–
7
18

(4)

25

2
4
5
1
(4)
1
(4)
(4)
(4)
2
25
(4)
2
17
(4)
(4)
(4)
4
1

9
9
6

20
122
219
282
34
14
83
7
7
15
84
1,388
16
113
955
16
26
12
250
62

–
–
4
–
–
–
6
49
19
–
66
–
–
–
15
13

–
14
1
10
15
29
4
43
–
–
6
6
19
–
7
–
–
25
4
–

Falls

5
6
–
–
–
10
43
–
–
5

Struck by
object
2
–
–
–
–
3
–
–
–

4
32
26
35
27
30
6
17
24

5
–
–
29
55
7
–
69
11
12
10
12
–
26
14
18

30

–

–
–
4
–
5
–

6
21
7
–
–
10
–
–
–
5
5
19
–
3
–
–
–
11
–

22
10
13
18
–
20
–
57
–
6
6
19
–
5
–
12
–
14
8

1 Based on the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification System.
2 The figure shown is the percent of the total fatalities for that occupation group.
3 "Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants resulting from traffic incidents that occur on the public roadway, shoulder, or surrounding
area. It excludes incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in parking lots and on farms; incidents involving trains; and deaths to
pedestrians or other non-passengers.
4 Less than or equal to 0.5 percent.
NOTE: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding.
Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria. There were 7 fatalities for which there was insufficient
information to determine a specific occupation classification.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with state, New York City, District of Columbia, and federal
agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries.

11

Table 4. Fatal occupational injuries by selected worker characteristics and selected event or exposure, 2003
Selected event or exposure1
(percent of total for characteristic category)

Fatalities
Characteristic
Number

Total .....................................................................................................

Percent

Highway2

Homicides

Falls

Struck by
object

5,559

100

24

11

12

10

4,392
1,167

79
21

27
13

10
16

13
12

9
11

5,115
444

92
8

24
31

10
27

13
9

10
1

25
28
84
461
1,016
1,324
1,298
801
519

(6)
1
2
8
18
24
23
14
9

24
25
24
23
26
24
27
23
20

–
–
12
14
14
12
11
8
9

–
–
11
9
10
11
14
15
17

–
11
14
8
8
10
10
9
11

3,976
542
791
42
147
11
3
47

72
10
14
1
3
(6)
(6)
1

26
28
17
21
10
–
–
23

8
22
13
12
50
–
–
34

12
9
16
14
7
27
–
6

9
7
13
19
4
–
–
6

Employee status
Wage and salary3 ................................................................................
Self-employed4 ....................................................................................
Sex
Men ......................................................................................................
Women ................................................................................................
Age5
Under 16 years ....................................................................................
16-17 years ..........................................................................................
18-19 years ..........................................................................................
20-24 years ..........................................................................................
25-34 years ..........................................................................................
35-44 years ..........................................................................................
45-54 years ..........................................................................................
55-64 years ..........................................................................................
65 years and older ...............................................................................
Race or ethnic origin7
White ...................................................................................................
Black ....................................................................................................
Hispanic ...............................................................................................
American Indian, Aleut, Eskimo ...........................................................
Asian ....................................................................................................
Pacific Islander ....................................................................................
Multiple races ......................................................................................
Other or not reported ...........................................................................

1 The figure shown is the percent of the total fatalities for that demographic group.
2 "Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants resulting from traffic incidents that occur on the public roadway, shoulder, or surrounding
area. It excludes incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in parking lots and on farms; incidents involving trains; and deaths to
pedestrians or other non-passengers.
3 May include volunteers and other workers receiving compensation.
4 Includes paid and unpaid family workers, and may include owners of incorporated businesses, or members of partnerships.
5 There were 3 fatalities for which there was insufficient information to determine the age of the decedent.
6 Less than or equal to 0.5 percent.
7 Persons identified as Hispanic may be of any race. The individual racial categories shown exclude data for Hispanics.
NOTE: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding.
Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with state, New York City, District of Columbia, and federal
agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries.

12

Table 5. Fatal occupational injuries by state and event or exposure, 2003
Event or exposure4
2003

Total fatalities1

State of injury

Total ..............................................................................
Alabama ............................................................................
Alaska ...............................................................................
Arizona ..............................................................................
Arkansas ...........................................................................
California ...........................................................................
Colorado ...........................................................................
Connecticut .......................................................................
Delaware ...........................................................................
District of Columbia ...........................................................
Florida ...............................................................................
Georgia .............................................................................
Hawaii ...............................................................................
Idaho .................................................................................
Illinois ................................................................................
Indiana ..............................................................................
Iowa ..................................................................................
Kansas ..............................................................................
Kentucky ...........................................................................
Louisiana ...........................................................................
Maine ................................................................................
Maryland ...........................................................................
Massachusetts ..................................................................
Michigan ............................................................................
Minnesota .........................................................................
Mississippi .........................................................................
Missouri .............................................................................
Montana ............................................................................
Nebraska ...........................................................................
Nevada ..............................................................................
New Hampshire ................................................................
New Jersey .......................................................................
New Mexico ......................................................................
New York (including N.Y.C.) .............................................
New York City ...............................................................
North Carolina ...................................................................
North Dakota .....................................................................
Ohio ..................................................................................
Oklahoma ..........................................................................
Oregon ..............................................................................
Pennsylvania .....................................................................
Rhode Island .....................................................................
South Carolina ..................................................................
South Dakota ....................................................................
Tennessee ........................................................................
Texas ................................................................................
Utah ..................................................................................
Vermont ............................................................................
Virginia ..............................................................................
Washington .......................................................................
West Virginia .....................................................................
Wisconsin ..........................................................................
Wyoming ...........................................................................

20022
(revised)

20033

5,534
102
42
101
80
478
123
39
11
8
354
197
24
39
190
136
57
89
146
103
30
102
46
152
81
94
175
51
83
47
19
129
63
240
100
169
25
202
92
63
188
8
107
36
140
417
52
11
142
86
40
91
33

5,559
121
28
80
87
456
102
36
6
19
347
199
21
43
200
132
76
78
145
95
23
92
77
151
72
100
154
39
51
52
19
104
46
227
94
182
26
206
100
75
208
18
114
28
136
491
54
14
155
82
51
103
37

Transpor- Assaults
tation
and violent
incidents5
acts6

2,357
62
13
37
48
174
39
17
–
–
153
87
7
24
65
61
42
41
77
39
9
35
27
57
30
42
86
25
28
21
7
41
19
77
12
69
16
86
50
43
82
–
38
12
55
201
34
9
57
29
24
33
26

901
16
7
9
6
83
23
9
–
7
62
45
3
5
43
24
3
12
12
9
–
17
8
22
9
20
16
6
6
8
3
16
13
66
43
29
–
28
16
4
34
–
27
–
27
90
5
–
24
9
–
14
–

Contact
with
objects
and
equipment

911
25
3
12
16
76
14
4
–
–
42
27
4
6
32
19
14
11
25
28
7
9
12
30
18
14
20
3
11
11
4
18
6
25
9
29
6
32
17
13
34
3
20
12
32
70
9
4
27
15
8
26
4

Falls

691
10
–
10
10
71
19
4
–
6
36
23
3
5
36
16
5
9
11
5
3
15
24
17
11
7
17
3
–
8
3
19
3
35
14
24
3
23
5
5
32
–
13
–
13
52
3
–
24
16
6
20
3

Exposure
to harmful
subFires and
stances or explosions
environments
485
7
3
5
4
35
4
–
3
3
43
12
3
–
21
8
8
4
10
12
4
12
–
21
–
13
12
–
3
4
–
7
–
15
9
19
–
28
5
6
22
–
13
–
5
51
3
–
16
7
6
8
3

198
–
–
5
3
13
–
–
–
–
10
5
–
–
3
4
4
–
9
–
–
4
3
3
–
3
3
–
–
–
–
3
3
9
7
12
–
9
6
3
4
8
–
–
4
27
–
–
7
6
5
–
–

1 State totals include other events and exposures, such as bodily reaction, in addition to those shown separately.
2 The BLS news release issued September 17, 2003, reported a total of 5,524 fatal work injuries for calendar year 2002. Since then, an additional 10
job-related fatalities were identified, bringing the total job-related fatality count for 2002 to 5,534.
3 Includes 1 fatality that occurred within the territorial boundaries of the United States, but a State of incident could not be determined.
4 Based on the 1992 BLS Occupational Injury and Illness Classification Manual.
5 Includes highway, nonhighway, air, water, and rail fatalities, and fatalities resulting from being struck by vehicles.
6 Includes violence by persons, self-inflicted injuries, and attacks by animals.
NOTE: Dashes indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with state, New York City, District of Columbia, and federal agencies,
Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries.

13

Table 6. CFOI participating agencies and telephone numbers
State

Agency

Telephone number

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

Department of Labor
Department of Labor and Workforce Development
Industrial Commission of Arizona
Department of Labor
Department of Industrial Relations
Department of Public Health
Labor Department
Department of Labor
Center for Health Statistics
Department of Financial Services

(334) 242-3460
(907) 465-4539
(602) 542-3739
(501) 682-4542
(415) 703-4776
(303) 692-2173
(860) 566-4380
(302) 761-8221
(202) 442-5920
(850) 413-1611

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

Department of Labor
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations
Industrial Commission
Department of Public Health
Department of Labor
Division of Labor Services
Department of Health and Environment
Department of Labor
Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Standards

(404) 679-0687
(808) 586-9001
(208) 334-6090
(217) 558-1540
(317) 232-2668
(515) 281-5151
(785) 296-1058
(502) 564-3070 ext. 281
(225) 342-3126
(207) 624-6440

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Division of Labor and Industry
Department of Public Health
Department of Labor and Economic Growth
Department of Labor and Industry
Department of Health
Department of Labor
Department of Labor and Industry
Workers’ Compensation Court
Division of Industrial Relations
Department of Public Health

(410) 767-2356
(617) 988-3329
(517) 322-1851
(651) 284-5568
(601) 576-7930
(573) 751-2454
(406) 444-3297
(402) 471-3547
(775) 684-7081
(603) 271-4647

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York State
New York City
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania

Department of Health and Senior Services
Occupational Health and Safety Bureau
Department of Health
Department of Health
Department of Labor
U.S. Department of Labor
Department of Health
Department of Labor
Department of Consumer and Business Services
Department of Health

(609) 984-1863
(505) 827-4230
(518) 402-7900
(212) 788-4585
(919) 733-0337
(312) 353-7253
(614) 466-4183
(405) 528-1500
(503) 947-7367
(717) 783-2548

Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

Department of Health
Department of Labor, Licensing, and Regulation
U.S. Department of Labor
Department of Labor and Workforce Development
Workers’ Compensation Commission
Labor Commission
Department of Labor and Industry
Department of Labor and Industry
Department of Labor and Industries
Department of Labor
Department of Workforce Development
Department of Employment, Research and Planning

(401) 222-2812
(803) 896-7673
(312) 353-7253
(615) 741-1749
(512) 804-4637
(801) 530-6823
(802) 828-5076
(804) 786-1035
(360) 902-5512
(304) 558-7890
(608) 266-7850
(307) 473-3819

14

TECHNICAL NOTES
Definitions
For a fatality to be included in the census, the decedent must have been employed
(that is working for pay, compensation, or profit) at the time of the event, engaged in a
legal work activity, or present at the site of the incident as a requirement of his or her job.
These criteria are generally broader than those used by federal and state agencies
administering specific laws and regulations. (Fatalities that occur during a person’s
commute to or from work are excluded from the census counts.)
Data presented in this release include deaths occurring in 2003 that resulted from
traumatic occupational injuries. An injury is defined as any intentional or unintentional
wound or damage to the body resulting from acute exposure to energy, such as heat,
electricity, or kinetic energy from a crash, or from the absence of such essentials as
heat or oxygen caused by a specific event, incident, or series of events within a single
workday or shift. Included are open wounds, intracranial and internal injuries,
heatstroke, hypothermia, asphyxiation, acute poisonings resulting from short-term
exposures limited to the worker’s shift, suicides and homicides, and work injuries listed
as underlying or contributory causes of death.
Information on work-related fatal illnesses is not reported in the BLS census and
is excluded from the attached tables because the latency period of many occupational
illnesses and the difficulty of linking illnesses to work exposures make identification
of a universe problematic.
Measurement techniques and limitations
Data for the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries are compiled from various
federal, state, and local administrative sources--including death certificates, workers’
compensation reports and claims, reports to various regulatory agencies, medical
examiner reports, and police reports--as well as news and other non-governmental
reports. Diverse sources are used because studies have shown that no single source
captures all job-related fatalities. Source documents are matched so that each fatality is
counted only once. To ensure that a fatality occurred while the decedent was at work,
information is verified from two or more independent source documents or from a source
document and a follow-up questionnaire. Approximately 30 data elements are collected,
coded, and tabulated, including information about the worker, the fatal incident, and the
machinery or equipment involved.
Identification and verification of work-related fatalities
In 2003, there were 79 cases included for which work relationship could not be
independently verified; however, the information on the initiating source document for
these cases was sufficient to determine that the incident was likely to be job-related.

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Data for these fatalities, which primarily affected self-employed workers, are
included in the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries counts. An additional 17 fatalities
submitted by states were not included because the source documents had insufficient
information to determine work relationship and could not be verified by either an
independent source document or a follow-up questionnaire.
States may identify additional fatal work injuries after data collection closeout for a
reference year. In addition, other fatalities excluded from the published count because of
insufficient information to determine work relationship may subsequently be verified as
work related. States have up to one year to update their initial published state counts.
This procedure ensures that fatality data are disseminated as quickly as possible and that
no legitimate case is excluded from the counts. Thus, each year’s report should be
considered preliminary until final data are issued. Over the last 5 years, increases in the
published counts based on additional information have averaged less than 20 fatalities per
year or less than 0.3 percent of the revised total. The BLS news release issued
September 17, 2003, reported a total of 5,524 fatal work injuries for 2002. Since then, an
additional 10 fatal work injuries were identified, bringing the total for 2002 to 5,534.
Revised counts for 2003 will be available in May 2005.
Beginning in 2004, BLS released final updated numbers earlier than in past years.
Previously, updated numbers were released along with the following year’s data in the
annual news release. Updated 2002 numbers were released on the BLS internet in the late
spring of 2004, or about 3 or 4 months earlier than in past years.
Federal/state agency coverage
The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries includes data for all fatal work injuries,
whether the decedent was working in a job covered by the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) or other federal or state agencies or was outside the scope
of regulatory coverage. Thus, any comparison between the BLS fatality census counts
and those released by other agencies should take into account the different coverage
requirements and definitions being used by each agency.
Several federal and state agencies have jurisdiction over workplace safety and
health. OSHA and affiliated agencies in states with approved safety programs cover the
largest portion of the nation's workers. However, injuries and illnesses occurring in
certain industries or activities, such as coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and highway,
water, rail, and air transportation, are excluded from OSHA coverage because they are
covered by other federal agencies, such as the Mine Safety and Health Administration
and various agencies within the Department of Transportation.
Fatalities occurring among several other groups of workers are generally not covered
by any federal or state agencies. These groups include self-employed and unpaid family
workers, which accounted for about 21 percent of the fatalities; laborers on small farms,
accounting for about 1 percent of the fatalities; and state and local government employees
in states without OSHA-approved safety programs, which accounted for about 4 percent.

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(Approximately one-half of the states have approved OSHA safety programs, which
cover state and local government employees.)
Acknowledgements
BLS thanks the participating states, New York City, and the District of Columbia for
their efforts in collecting accurate, comprehensive, and useful data on fatal work injuries.
BLS also appreciates the efforts of all federal, state, local, and private sector agencies that
submitted source documents used to identify fatal work injuries. Among these agencies
are the Occupational Safety and Health Administration; the National Transportation
Safety Board; the U.S. Coast Guard; the Mine Safety and Health Administration; the
Employment Standards Administration (Federal Employees’ Compensation and
Longshore and Harbor Workers’ divisions); the Department of Energy; state vital
statistics registrars, coroners, and medical examiners; state departments of health, labor
and industries, and workers’ compensation agencies; state and local police departments;
and state farm bureaus.

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