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NEWS RELEASE
FOR WIRE TRANSMISSION: 8:30 A.M. EDT, TUESDAY, June 25, 2013
Christopher A. Gohrband:
Elena L. Nguyen:
Kevin Barefoot:

(202) 606-9564
BEA 13-29
(202) 606-9555
(202) 606-9994 (For inquiries regarding direct investment)

U.S. Net International Investment Position: End of First Quarter 2013, Year 2012, and
Annual Revisions
Quarterly and Annual Statistics
In this release, BEA presents the U.S. international investment position statistics for the first
quarter of 2013 along with historical revisions and detailed annual statistics for 2012, including
changes in positions resulting from annual financial flows and valuation changes such as price,
exchange-rate, and other changes. Quarterly positions are revised for the first quarter of 2009 to
the fourth quarter of 2012 and detailed annual statistics are revised for 2009-2012.
Quarterly position statistics are available for the fourth quarter of 2005 to the first quarter of
2013. They are presented as part of BEA’s effort to provide more frequent and timely statistics
on cross-border linkages to help users better assess U.S. vulnerability to external financial shocks
in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis. Quarterly statistics are made available every March,
June, September, and December via BEA news releases.
First Quarter of 2013
The U.S. net international investment position at the end of the first quarter of 2013 was
-$4,277.1 billion (preliminary) as the value of foreign investments in the United States exceeded the
value of U.S. investments abroad (table 1). At the end of the fourth quarter of 2012, the U.S. net
international investment position was -$3,863.9 billion (revised). The -$413.2 billion change in the
net position reflected a $394.2 billion increase in the value of foreign-owned assets in the United
States and a $19.0 billion decrease in the value of U.S.-owned assets abroad.
Foreign-Owned Assets in the United States and
U.S.-Owned Assets Abroad

U.S. Net International Investment Position, 2006:IV-2013:I

Billions of dollars
30,000

Billions of dollars
0
-500

25,000

-1,000
-1,500

Foreign-owned assets in the United States

20,000

Quarterly series
-2,000
2006:IV

U.S.-owned assets abroad
15,000

-2,500

2006:IV

-3,000
Annual series

10,000

-3,500
-4,000

5,000

-4,500

0

-5,000
2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

__________________
NOTE: This news release is available on BEA’s Web site <www.bea.gov> along with Quarterly Highlights and
Annual Highlights related to this release, the latest detailed statistics for the U.S. international investment position,
and a description of the estimation methods used to compile them. The first-quarter statistics for 2013 in this
release are preliminary and will be revised on September 24, 2013.

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-2U.S.-owned assets abroad were $21,618.6 billion at the end of the first quarter compared
with $21,637.6 billion at the end of the fourth quarter. The $19.0 billion decrease reflected a
decrease of $373.9 billion in the value of financial derivatives that was mostly offset by an increase
of $354.8 billion in the value of U.S.-owned assets abroad excluding financial derivatives.
U.S.-owned assets abroad excluding financial derivatives were $18,372.7 billion at the end
of the first quarter compared with $18,017.9 billion at the end of the fourth quarter. The $354.8
billion increase reflected $218.8 billion in financial outflows and $136.1 billion in valuation
changes. 1
Foreign-owned assets in the United States were $25,895.7 billion at the end of the first
quarter compared with $25,501.5 billion at the end of the fourth quarter. The $394.2 billion
increase reflected an increase of $749.3 billion in the value of foreign-owned assets in the United
States excluding financial derivatives that was partly offset by a decrease of $355.1 billion in the
value of financial derivatives.
Foreign-owned assets in the United States excluding financial derivatives were $22,688.8
billion at the end of the first quarter compared with $21,939.5 billion at the end of the fourth
quarter. The $749.3 billion increase reflected $295.5 billion in financial inflows and $453.8 billion
in valuation changes.
Year 2012
The U.S. net international investment position was -$3,863.9 billion (revised) at the end of
2012 compared with -$3,730.6 billion (revised) at the end of 2011. The -$133.3 billion change in
the net position from the end of 2011 to the end of 2012 reflected a $134.8 billion increase in the
value of foreign-owned assets in the United States that was slightly offset by a $1.5 billion increase
in the value of U.S.-owned assets abroad (table 2).
Highlights for 2012:
•

Foreign acquisitions of U.S. assets exceeded U.S. acquisitions of foreign assets by $439.4
billion. Foreign acquisitions of U.S. assets were concentrated in U.S. securities, including
$433.2 billion in acquisitions of U.S. Treasury securities by foreign official agencies and
$156.4 billion in acquisitions by all other foreigners.

•

Foreign acquisitions of U.S. assets and U.S. acquisitions of foreign assets were reduced by
declines in both U.S. claims on and liabilities to foreigners reported by U.S. banks and
securities brokers.

•

The appreciation of foreign stock prices raised the value of U.S. holdings of foreign stocks
abroad. Similarly, the appreciation of U.S. stock prices raised the value of foreign holdings
of U.S stocks, but by a lower amount.

•

The mixed performance of the U.S. dollar against major foreign currencies resulted in a $5.1
billion change in the U.S. net international investment position from exchange-rate changes.

•

The -$188.6 billion in other changes mostly reflected the incorporation of newly available

1

For statistics on financial flows, see the financial account transactions of the U.S. International Transactions
Accounts in Table 1. Detailed valuation changes such as price, exchange-rate, and other changes are available
only for the annual statistics.

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-3and revised source data.
•

The U.S. net international investment position was equal to 2.3% of the value of all U.S.
financial assets at the end of 2012, down from the peak of 2.4% at the end of 2011. 2

Financial flows
Net financial flows of -$439.4 billion in 2012 resulted from U.S. acquisitions of financial
assets abroad, excluding financial derivatives, of $97.5 billion, less foreign acquisitions of financial
assets in the United States, excluding financial derivatives, of $543.9 billion, plus net financial
outflows from financial derivatives of $7.1 billion.
U.S. acquisitions of financial assets abroad, excluding financial derivatives, were $97.5
billion, down from $452.3 billion in 2011. In 2012, U.S. purchases of foreign securities exceeded
sales, and U.S. official reserve assets, direct investment abroad, and claims of U.S. nonbanks on
foreign residents increased. These financial outflows were partly offset by decreases in U.S.
government assets other than official reserve assets and relatively large decreases ($380.5 billion) in
claims of U.S. banks and securities brokers on foreign residents.
Foreign acquisitions of financial assets in the United States, excluding financial derivatives,
were $543.9 billion, down from $969.0 billion in 2011. In 2012, foreign private purchases of U.S.
securities including U.S. Treasury securities exceeded sales. Foreign official assets, direct
investment in the United States, and holdings of U.S. currency increased. These financial inflows
were partly offset by relatively large decreases ($387.4 billion) in liabilities of U.S. banks and
securities brokers and decreases in liabilities of U.S nonbanks to foreign residents.
Valuation adjustments
Valuation adjustments for 2012 included $489.6 billion in price changes, $5.1 billion in
exchange-rate changes, and -$188.6 billion in other changes.
Price changes led to a $489.6 billion change in the U.S. net international investment
position, mostly reflecting price increases of foreign stocks and bonds that exceeded price increases
of U.S. stocks and corporate bonds. Price increases of U.S. stocks and corporate bonds were partly
offset by price decreases of U.S. Treasury securities and agency securities, such as debt issued by
government sponsored enterprises like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Exchange-rate changes led to a $5.1 billion change in the U.S. net international investment
position as exchange-rate changes raised the dollar value of U.S.-owned assets abroad more than
they raised the dollar value of foreign-owned assets in the United States denominated in foreign
currencies. The small exchange-rate changes reflected the mixed performance of the U.S. dollar
against major foreign currencies from yearend 2011 to yearend 2012.
2. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (FRS), Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States, Flows and
Outstandings, First Quarter 2013, Release Z.1. Statistical Release (Washington, DC: FRS, June 6, 2013) Table L.5,
page 11. According to June 2013 Z.1 release, the value of all U.S. financial assets was $168,691.8 billion at the end of
2012. U.S. assets abroad from the international investment position were $21,637.6 billion at the end of 2012, 12.8% of
all U.S. assets, down from 13.7% in 2011 and from the 13.8% series peak in 2008.

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-4-

Other changes led to a -$188.6 billion change in the U.S. net international investment
position. These changes reflected the incorporation of newly available source data on aggregate
holdings of long-term securities by U.S. and foreign residents from the Treasury International
Capital reporting system (TIC), more complete TIC reporting of the nonbanking and banking data,
capital gains and losses from the sale of direct investment assets, and other adjustments to source
data. (See the Annual Revisions section on page 5 for more information on the TIC source data.)

Investment positions at the end of 2012
U.S.-owned assets abroad were $21,637.6 billion at the end of 2012 compared with
$21,636.2 billion at the end of 2011. The $1.5 billion increase reflected a $1,098.3 billion increase
in the value of U.S.-owned assets abroad excluding financial derivatives that was nearly offset by a
$1,096.8 billion decrease in the value of financial derivatives.
Financial derivatives held as assets were $3,619.8 billion at the end of 2012 compared with
$4,716.6 billion at the end of 2011. The $1,096.8 billion decrease was mainly due to decreases in
U.S. claims in single-currency interest rate swaps.
U.S. official reserve assets were $572.4 billion at the end of 2012 compared with $537.0
billion at the end of 2011. The $35.3 billion increase reflected price appreciation of U.S.
government gold and the increased U.S. reserve position in the International Monetary Fund. These
increases were partly offset by a small decrease in the value of government foreign currency
holdings resulting mostly from exchange-rate changes.
U.S. government assets other than official reserve assets were $93.6 billion at the end of
2012 compared with $178.9 billion at the end of 2011. The $85.3 billion decrease was mainly a
result of decreases in U.S. foreign currency holdings due to central bank liquidity swaps between
the U.S. Federal Reserve System and foreign central banks.
The stock of U.S. direct investment abroad at current cost was $5,077.8 billion at the end of
2012 compared with $4,663.1 billion at the end of 2011. The $414.6 billion increase reflected
financial outflows of $388.3 billion that were mostly accounted for by reinvested earnings.
U.S. holdings of foreign securities were $7,531.2 billion at the end of 2012 compared with
$6,441.4 billion at the end of 2011. The $1,089.9 billion increase was mostly attributable to price
increases of foreign stocks.
Claims on foreigners reported by U.S. nonbanks were $844.8 billion at the end of 2012
compared with $793.0 billion at the end of 2011.
Claims on foreigners reported by U.S. banks and securities brokers were $3,898.2 billion at
the end of 2012 compared with $4,306.2 billion at the end of 2011.

Foreign-owned assets in the United States were $25,501.5 billion at the end of 2012
compared with $25,366.7 billion at the end of 2011. The $134.8 billion increase reflected a
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-5$1,203.3 billion increase in the value of foreign-owned assets in the United States excluding
financial derivatives that was mostly offset by a $1,068.6 billion decrease in the value of financial
derivatives.
Financial derivatives held as liabilities were $3,562.0 billion at the end of 2012 compared
with $4,630.5 billion at the end of 2011. The $1,068.6 billion decrease was mainly due to decreases
in U.S. liabilities in single-currency interest rate swaps.
Foreign official assets in the United States were $5,692.4 billion at the end of 2012
compared with $5,256.4 billion at the end of 2011. The $436.1 billion increase was mostly a result
of net purchases of U.S. Treasury securities along with corporate bonds and stocks that were partly
offset by net sales of agency bonds.
The stock of foreign direct investment in the United States at current cost was $3,057.3
billion at the end of 2012 compared with $2,879.5 billion at the end of 2011. The $177.8 billion
increase was mainly due to financial inflows that were mostly accounted for by unusually large
reinvested earnings.
Foreign private holdings of U.S. Treasury securities were $1,541.6 billion at the end of 2012
compared with $1,386.3 billion at the end of 2011. The $155.3 billion increase was mostly a result
of net purchases.
Foreign private holdings of U.S. securities other than U.S. Treasury securities were $6,904.1
billion at the end of 2012 compared with $6,151.6 billion at the end of 2011. The $752.5 billion
increase was mostly attributable to price increases of U.S. stocks and to net purchases.
The stock of U.S. currency abroad was $454.2 billion at the end of 2012 compared with
$397.1 billion at the end of 2011.
Liabilities to private foreign residents reported by U.S. nonbanks were $656.5 billion at the
end of 2012 compared with $630.9 billion at the end of 2011.
Liabilities to private foreign residents reported by U.S. banks and securities brokers were
$3,633.4 billion at the end of 2012 compared with $4,034.5 billion at the end of 2011.

Annual Revisions
The U.S. international investment position statistics released today have been revised for the
first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2012. The revisions reflect newly available data from
three Treasury International Capital (TIC) surveys conducted by the Federal Reserve Board and the
U.S. Department of the Treasury: Aggregate Holdings of Long-Term Securities by U.S. and Foreign
Residents (SLT), the Benchmark Survey of U.S. Ownership of Foreign Securities (SHC) at endDecember 2011, and the Annual Survey of Foreign Portfolio Holdings of U.S. Securities (SHLA) at
end-June 2012. The SLT is a new monthly report that surveys U.S. custodians, issuers of U.S.
securities, and U.S. end-investors to obtain cross-border holdings of U.S. and foreign equity and
long-term debt securities by country. BEA has incorporated these new data beginning with position

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-6statistics for the end of 2011. The new SLT data have allowed BEA to improve its quarterly
position statistics and related financial flow and income statistics for long-term securities.
Revisions to the U.S. international investment position statistics also reflect other newly
available and revised data from the TIC reporting system and from BEA’s surveys of direct
investment including the 2009 Benchmark Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad.
Revisions to the quarterly U.S. net international investment position averaged 1.6% for
2009, 3.8% for 2010, 9.1% for 2011, and 9.6% for 2012. Revisions are largest in the third and the
fourth quarters of 2012. The net investment position at yearend 2012 is revised by $552.4 billion,
becoming less negative, reflecting upward revisions to U.S. assets abroad that exceeded upward
revisions to foreign-owned assets in the United States.
On a yearend basis, the U.S. net international investment position is revised by $46.6 billion,
becoming less negative for yearend 2009, $223.3 billion for yearend 2010, $299.7 billion for
yearend 2011, and $552.4 billion for yearend 2012.
•

•

•

•

U.S.-owned assets abroad at yearend
2009 are revised upward $46. 8 billion
mostly as a result of the incorporation of
BEA’s 2009 Benchmark Survey of U.S.
Direct Investment Abroad.
U.S.-owned assets abroad are revised
upward $256.6 billion for yearend 2010,
$503.8 billion for yearend 2011, and
$877.5 billion for yearend 2012,
reflecting large revisions to U.S. holdings
of foreign securities, mostly as a result of
BEA’s incorporation of the new SLT
survey data.

Revisions to the U.S. Net International Investment Position
Billions of dollars
0
-500
-1,000
-1,500
-2,000
Revised
-2,500
-3,000
2008:IV

Previously Published

-3,500
-4,000

Foreign-owned assets in the United States -4,500
at yearend 2009 are virtually unrevised.
-5,000
2009
They are revised upward $33.3 billion for
yearend 2010, mostly as a result of
revisions to foreign direct investment in the United States.

2010

2011

2012

Foreign-owned assets in the United States are revised upward $204.1 billion for yearend
2011 and $325.2 billion for yearend 2012, reflecting revisions to foreign holdings of U.S.
securities, mostly as a result of BEA’s incorporation of the new SLT survey data.

The July SURVEY OF CURRENT BUSINESS will contain an article with a more detailed
discussion of the international investment position statistics for the first quarter of 2013, annual
statistics for 2012, and revised historical data. That issue will also contain an article about direct
investment positions valued at historical-cost and revised historical data on direct investment with
detail by country and industry.

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-7Valuing the Components of the U.S. International Investment Position
Investment positions for long-term portfolio securities are based on market values from
monthly, annual, and benchmark surveys conducted by the Treasury International Capital (TIC)
reporting system of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Investment positions for financial
derivatives are based on fair market values from quarterly surveys conducted by the TIC reporting
system. Investment positions for claims and liabilities reported by banks, securities brokers, and
other nonbanks are based on contractual (face) values of instruments as reported by financial
institutions for both their own accounts and the accounts of their customers on the monthly and
quarterly surveys conducted by the TIC reporting system with supplementary data for U.S.
nonbanks from foreign central banks.
Investment positions for direct investment are valued at current-period prices based on a
revaluation of book values. Book values are reported by U.S. multinational companies on surveys
conducted by BEA. Direct investment at current cost is BEA’s featured measure of direct
investment at current-period prices. 3 The current-cost method values the U.S. and foreign parent
shares of their affiliates’ investment in (1) plant and equipment using the current cost of capital
equipment, (2) land using general price indexes, and (3) inventories using estimates of their
replacement cost. 4

*

*

*

Release dates in 2013:
End of the Fourth Quarter and Year 2012........................................... .March 26, 2013 (Tuesday)
End of the First Quarter of 2013, Year 2012, and Annual Revisions…...June 25, 2013 (Tuesday)
End of the Second Quarter of 2013.................................................September 24, 2013 (Tuesday)
End of the Third Quarter of 2013.....................................................December 30, 2013 (Monday)

*

*

*

BEA’s national, international, regional, and industry statistics; the Survey of Current
Business; and BEA news releases are available without charge at www.bea.gov. At the site, you
can also subscribe to receive free e-mail summaries of BEA releases and announcements.

3

BEA publishes direct investment at market value as an alternative current-period price measure with owners’
equity revalued using indexes of stock market prices. BEA also publishes direct investment at historical cost with
owners’ equity at the book value reported on BEA’s surveys. Country and industry detail for direct investment
are available only on a historical-cost basis (see http://www.bea.gov/iTable/index_MNC.cfm).
4
For additional information on the current-cost and market-value methods, see J. Steven Landefeld and Ann M.
Lawson, “Valuation of the U.S. Net International Investment Position,” Survey of Current Business 71 (May
1991): 40–49.

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-8-

Table 1. International Investment Position of the United States at the End of the Quarter

1

[Millions of dollars, not seasonally adjusted]
Line

2012

2011

Type of investment

IV

r

I

r

II

r

Change:
2012:IV to
2013:I

2013
III

r

IV

r

I

p

Change:
2011:IV to
2012:IV

1 Net international investment position of the United States (lines 2+3).......................................
2 Financial derivatives, net (line 5 less line 25).................................................................................
3 Net international investment position, excluding financial derivatives (line 6 less line 26)...........

-3,730,590
86,039
-3,816,629

-3,886,446
76,286
-3,962,732

-4,332,158
67,589
-4,399,747

-4,109,198
52,493
-4,161,691

-3,863,892
57,776
-3,921,668

-4,277,128
38,986
-4,316,114

-413,236
-18,790
-394,446

-133,302
-28,263
-105,039

4 U.S.-owned assets abroad (lines 5+6)..........................................................................................
5 Financial derivatives (gross positive fair value)...........................................................................
6 U.S.-owned assets abroad, excluding financial derivatives (lines 7+12+17)...............................

21,636,152
4,716,578
16,919,574

21,349,048
3,950,239
17,398,809

20,948,183
4,155,820
16,792,363

21,551,595
3,925,606
17,625,989

21,637,618
3,619,761
18,017,857

21,618,571
3,245,866
18,372,705

-19,047
-373,895
354,848

1,466
-1,096,817
1,098,283

7

U.S. official reserve assets............................................................................................................

537,037

572,578

556,620

606,277

572,368

553,058

-19,310

35,331

8
9
10
11

Gold 2.......................................................................................................................................
Special drawing rights................................................................................................................
Reserve position in the International Monetary Fund...............................................................
Foreign currencies......................................................................................................................

400,355
54,956
30,080
51,646

434,742
55,460
31,436
50,940

418,006
54,341
33,930
50,343

464,422
55,232
35,248
51,375

433,434
55,050
34,161
49,723

417,941
53,704
34,039
47,374

-15,493
-1,346
-122
-2,349

33,079
94
4,081
-1,923

12

U.S. government assets, other than official reserve assets...........................................................

178,901

127,814

111,164

95,958

93,570

92,744

-826

-85,331

78,373
78,100

80,642
80,369

82,500
82,227

82,691
82,418

84,029
83,756

84,099
83,826

70
70

5,656
5,656

13
14

3

U.S. credits and other long-term assets .....................................................................................
Repayable in dollars................................................................................................................
4

273

273

273

273

273

273

0

0

16

U.S. foreign currency holdings and U.S. short-term assets 5......................................................

100,528

47,172

28,664

13,267

9,541

8,645

-896

-90,987

17
18
19
20
21
22
23

U.S. private assets.........................................................................................................................
Direct investment at current cost...............................................................................................
Foreign securities.......................................................................................................................
Bonds.......................................................................................................................................
Corporate stocks......................................................................................................................
U.S. claims on unaffiliated foreigners reported by U.S. nonbanking concerns..........................
U.S. claims reported by U.S. banks and securities brokers, not included elsewhere.................

16,203,636
4,663,142
6,441,350
1,939,912
4,501,438
792,953
4,306,191

16,698,417
4,759,096
6,999,263
1,960,498
5,038,765
869,251
4,070,807

16,124,579
4,826,428
6,662,323
1,946,486
4,715,837
845,301
3,790,527

16,923,754
4,983,377
7,159,326
2,052,037
5,107,289
845,865
3,935,186

17,351,919
5,077,750
7,531,223
2,140,685
5,390,538
844,752
3,898,194

17,726,903
5,160,096
7,824,667
2,174,111
5,650,556
900,300
3,841,840

374,984
82,346
293,444
33,426
260,018
55,548
-56,354

1,148,283
414,608
1,089,873
200,773
889,100
51,799
-407,997

24 Foreign-owned assets in the United States (lines 25+26)...........................................................
25 Financial derivatives (gross negative fair value)..........................................................................
26 Foreign-owned assets in the United States, excluding financial derivatives (lines 27+34)..........

25,366,742
4,630,539
20,736,203

25,235,494
3,873,953
21,361,541

25,280,341
4,088,231
21,192,110

25,660,793
3,873,113
21,787,680

25,501,510
3,561,985
21,939,525

25,895,699
3,206,880
22,688,819

394,189
-355,105
749,294

134,768
-1,068,554
1,203,322

15

Other .......................................................................................................................................

27
28
29
30

Foreign official assets in the United States...................................................................................
U.S. government securities.........................................................................................................
U.S. Treasury securities...........................................................................................................
Other........................................................................................................................................

5,256,358
4,235,886
3,620,580
615,306

5,428,122
4,316,906
3,722,551
594,355

5,496,057
4,400,470
3,857,872
542,598

5,640,245
4,487,789
3,958,112
529,677

5,692,448
4,526,896
4,032,204
494,692

5,823,304
4,561,428
4,090,723
470,705

130,856
34,532
58,519
-23,987

436,090
291,010
411,624
-120,614

31
32
33

Other U.S. government liabilities 6..............................................................................................
U.S. liabilities reported by U.S. banks and securities brokers, not included elsewhere.............
Other foreign official assets.......................................................................................................

119,980
205,973
694,519

123,406
191,515
796,295

125,065
191,921
778,601

127,657
198,987
825,812

128,279
204,401
832,872

128,052
224,462
909,362

-227
20,061
76,490

8,299
-1,572
138,353

34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

Other foreign assets......................................................................................................................
Direct investment at current cost...............................................................................................
U.S. Treasury securities..............................................................................................................
U.S. securities other than U.S. Treasury securities.....................................................................
Corporate and other bonds......................................................................................................
Corporate stocks......................................................................................................................
U.S. currency..............................................................................................................................
U.S. liabilities to unaffiliated foreigners reported by U.S. nonbanking concerns.......................
U.S. liabilities reported by U.S. banks and securities brokers, not included elsewhere.............

15,479,845
2,879,531
1,386,274
6,151,552
2,894,604
3,256,948
397,086
630,925
4,034,477

15,933,419
2,913,781
1,425,087
6,608,954
2,927,923
3,681,031
415,143
683,453
3,887,001

15,696,053
2,976,814
1,455,648
6,491,227
2,887,851
3,603,376
422,259
680,186
3,669,919

16,147,435
3,029,271
1,517,253
6,794,000
3,008,379
3,785,621
438,415
678,508
3,689,988

16,247,077
3,057,326
1,541,569
6,904,050
3,061,963
3,842,087
454,227
656,522
3,633,383

16,865,515
3,085,679
1,649,654
7,307,973
3,058,746
4,249,227
459,184
633,734
3,729,291

618,438
28,353
108,085
403,923
-3,217
407,140
4,957
-22,788
95,908

767,232
177,795
155,295
752,498
167,359
585,139
57,141
25,597
-401,094

4,513,863
3,510,395
4,084,659
2,502,628

4,975,809
3,855,543
4,169,123
2,529,479

4,679,267
3,764,768
4,224,965
2,585,115

5,058,812
3,961,992
4,370,424
2,630,175

5,249,539
3,923,969
4,453,307
2,650,832

5,518,091
4,261,069
4,535,653
2,679,185

268,552
337,100
82,346
28,353

735,676
413,574
368,648
148,204

Memoranda:
43 Direct investment abroad at market value..........................................................................................
44 Direct investment in the United States at market value......................................................................
45 Direct investment abroad at historical cost........................................................................................
46 Direct investment in the United States at historical cost....................................................................
p Preliminary
r Revised

1. The statistics for each quarter are the values as of the last day of the quarter; the first quarter ends on March 31; the second quarter ends on June 30; the third quarter ends on September 30; and the fourth quarter ends
on December 31 of the year.
2. U.S. official gold stock is valued at market price.
3. Also includes paid-in capital subscriptions to international financial institutions and outstanding amounts of miscellaneous claims that have been settled through international agreements to be payable to the U.S.
government over periods in excess of 1 year. Excludes World War I debts that are not being serviced.
4. Includes indebtedness that the borrower may contractually, or at its option, repay with its currency, with a third country's currency, or by delivery of materials or transfer of services.
5. Includes foreign-currency-denominated assets obtained through temporary reciprocal currency arrangements between the Federal Reserve System and foreign central banks. These assets are included in the investment
position at the dollar value established at the time they were received, reflecting the valuation of these assets in the Federal Reserve System’s balance sheet. Changes in exchange rates do not affect this valuation.
6. Includes U.S. government liabilities associated with military sales contracts and U.S. government reserve-related liabilities from allocations of special drawing rights (SDRs).
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis

-more-

-9Table 2. International Investment Position of the United States at Yearend, 2011 and 2012
[Millions of dollars]
Changes in position in 2012
Attributable to:
Valuation adjustments

Type of investment

Line

Position,
2011 r

1 Net international investment position of the United States (lines 2+3).................................

Financial
flows
(a)

Exchangerate
1
changes
(c)

Price
changes
(b)

Position,
2012 r

Other
2
changes
(d)

Total
(a+b+c+d)

-3,730,590

-439,351

489,566

5,100

-188,618

-133,302

-3,863,892

2 Financial derivatives, net (line 5 less line 25) .........................................................................
3 Net international investment position, excluding financial derivatives (line 6 less line 26)......

86,039
-3,816,629

7,064
-446,415

()
489,566

( 4)
5,100

4

-28,263
-105,039

57,776
-3,921,668

4 U.S.-owned assets abroad (lines 5+6).....................................................................................

21,636,152

()

(3)

()

5
6

Financial derivatives (gross positive fair value)......................................................................
U.S.-owned assets abroad, excluding financial derivatives (lines 7+12+17)..........................

4,716,578
16,919,574

(3)
97,469

(3)
990,880

()
5,909

7

U.S. official reserve assets.......................................................................................................

537,037

4,460

33,079

-2,208

8
9
10
11

Gold......................................................................................................................................
Special drawing rights...........................................................................................................
Reserve position in the International Monetary Fund..........................................................
Foreign currencies................................................................................................................

400,355
54,956
30,080
51,646

0
37
4,032
391

33,079
.....
.....
.....

.....
57
49
-2,314

12

U.S. government assets, other than official reserve assets......................................................

178,901

-85,331

.....

13
14

U.S. credits and other long-term assets ..............................................................................
Repayable in dollars...........................................................................................................

78,373
78,100

5,656
5,656

.....
.....

3

7

8

4

3

5

-35,327
-153,291

3

(3)

1,466

21,637,618

3

()
4,024

-1,096,817
1,098,283

3,619,761
18,017,857

0

35,331

572,368

0
0
0
0

33,079
94
4,081
-1,923

433,434
55,050
34,161
49,723

(*)

0

-85,331

93,570

(*)
.....

0
0

5,656
5,656

84,029
83,756

3

6

15

Other ................................................................................................................................

273

0

.....

(*)

.....

0

273

16

U.S. foreign currency holdings and U.S. short-term assets 9.................................................

100,528

-90,987

.....

(*)

.....

-90,987

9,541

17
18
19
20
21
22
23

U.S. private assets...................................................................................................................
Direct investment at current cost..........................................................................................
Foreign securities..................................................................................................................
Bonds.................................................................................................................................
Corporate stocks................................................................................................................
U.S. claims on unaffiliated foreigners reported by U.S. nonbanking concerns.....................
U.S. claims reported by U.S. banks and securities brokers, not included elsewhere............

16,203,636
4,663,142
6,441,350
1,939,912
4,501,438
792,953
4,306,191

178,341
388,293
144,823
62,243
82,580
25,723
-380,498

957,801
25,339
932,462
139,503
792,959
.....
.....

8,117
16,234
-7,412
-973
-6,439
3,194
-3,899

4,024
-15,258
20,000
0
20,000
22,882
-23,600

1,148,283
414,608
1,089,873
200,773
889,100
51,799
-407,997

17,351,919
5,077,750
7,531,223
2,140,685
5,390,538
844,752
3,898,194

24 Foreign-owned assets in the United States (lines 25+26).....................................................

25,366,742

(3)

(3)

( 3)

(3)

134,768

25,501,510

25
26

Financial derivatives (gross negative fair value).....................................................................
Foreign-owned assets in the United States, excluding financial derivatives (lines 27+34).....

4,630,539
20,736,203

(3)
543,884

(3)
501,314

( 3)
809

(3)
157,315

-1,068,554
1,203,322

3,561,985
21,939,525

27
28
29
30

Foreign official assets in the United States..............................................................................
U.S. government securities...................................................................................................
U.S. Treasury securities......................................................................................................
Other..................................................................................................................................

5,256,358
4,235,886
3,620,580
615,306

393,922
314,660
433,155
-118,495

42,110
-23,650
-21,531
-2,119

58
.....
.....
.....

0
0
0
0

436,090
291,010
411,624
-120,614

5,692,448
4,526,896
4,032,204
494,692

31
32
33

Other U.S. government liabilities 10......................................................................................
U.S. liabilities reported by U.S. banks and securities brokers, not included elsewhere........
Other foreign official assets..................................................................................................

119,980
205,973
694,519

8,241
-1,572
72,593

.....
.....
65,760

58
.....
.....

0
0
0

8,299
-1,572
138,353

128,279
204,401
832,872

34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42

Other foreign assets.................................................................................................................
Direct investment at current cost..........................................................................................
U.S. Treasury securities........................................................................................................
U.S. securities other than U.S. Treasury securities...............................................................
Corporate and other bonds.................................................................................................
Corporate stocks................................................................................................................
U.S. currency........................................................................................................................
U.S. liabilities to unaffiliated foreigners reported by U.S. nonbanking concerns.................
U.S. liabilities reported by U.S. banks and securities brokers, not included elsewhere........

15,479,845
2,879,531
1,386,274
6,151,552
2,894,604
3,256,948
397,086
630,925
4,034,477

149,962
166,411
156,385
196,908
23,584
173,324
57,141
-39,505
-387,378

459,204
20,385
-1,090
439,909
125,774
314,135
.....
.....
.....

751
606
0
-897
-897
.....
.....
3,158
-2,116

157,315
-9,607
0
116,578
18,898
97,680
0
61,944
-11,600

767,232
177,795
155,295
752,498
167,359
585,139
57,141
25,597
-401,094

16,247,077
3,057,326
1,541,569
6,904,050
3,061,963
3,842,087
454,227
656,522
3,633,383

Memoranda:
43 Direct investment abroad at market value...................................................................................
44 Direct investment in the United States at market value...............................................................

4,513,863
3,510,395

388,293
166,411

301,652
260,399

48,194
.....

-2,463
-13,236

735,676
413,574

5,249,539
3,923,969

r Revised
* Less than $500,000 (+/-)
..... Not applicable
1. Represents gains or losses on foreign-currency-denominated assets and liabilities due to their revaluation at current exchange rates.
2. Includes changes due to year-to-year shifts in the composition of reporting panels, primarily for bank and nonbank estimates, and to the incorporation of more comprehensive survey results. Also
includes capital gains and losses of direct investment affiliates and changes in positions that cannot be allocated to financial flows, price changes, or exchange-rate changes.
3. Financial flows and valuation adjustments for financial derivatives are available only on a net basis, which is shown on line 2; they are not separately available for gross positive fair values and
gross negative fair values of financial derivatives. Consequently, columns (a) through (d) on lines 4, 5, 24, and 25 are not available.
4. Data are not separately available for the three types of valuation adjustments; therefore, the sum of all three types is shown in column (d).
5. Reflects changes in the value of the official gold stock due to fluctuations in the market price of gold.
6. Reflects changes in gold stock from U.S. Treasury sales of gold medallions and commemorative and bullion coins; also reflects replenishment through open market purchases. These
demonetizations/monetizations are not included in international transactions financial flows.
7. Also includes paid-in capital subscriptions to international financial institutions and outstanding amounts of miscellaneous claims that have been settled through international agreements to be
payable to the U.S. government over periods in excess of 1 year. Excludes World War I debts that are not being serviced.
8. Includes indebtedness that the borrower may contractually, or at its option, repay with its currency, with a third country's currency, or by delivery of materials or transfer of services.
9. Includes foreign-currency-denominated assets obtained through temporary reciprocal currency arrangements between the Federal Reserve System and foreign central banks. These assets are
included in the investment position at the dollar value established at the time they were received, reflecting the valuation of these assets in the Federal Reserve System’s balance sheet. Changes in
exchange rates do not affect this valuation.
10. Includes U.S. government liabilities associated with military sales contracts and U.S. government reserve-related liabilities from allocations of special drawing rights (SDRs).
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis