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EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 a.m. EST, Thursday, December 12, 2024
Technical:
Media:

Eric Figueroa
Connie O’Connell

301-278-9328
301-278-9003

BEA 24–59

RPP@bea.gov
Connie.OConnell@bea.gov

Real Personal Consumption Expenditures by State and Real
Personal Income by State and Metropolitan Area, 2023
Real personal consumption expenditures (PCE) by state increased in 48 states and the District of
Columbia in 2023, according to statistics released today by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The
percent change in real PCE ranged from 7.3 percent in Maine to –0.6 percent in Alabama (table 1).
Real personal income increased in 46 states and the District of Columbia in 2023, with the percent
change ranging from 6.0 percent in Vermont to –2.0 percent in Iowa.

Page 1 of 6

Regional estimates of real PCE and real personal income are the current-dollar estimates adjusted by the
corresponding regional price parity (RPP) and the national PCE price index. In 2023, the national PCE
price index increased 3.8 percent (table 2).
Real PCE highlights
Real PCE for the nation increased 2.5 percent in 2023. Current-dollar PCE (see "Consumer Spending by
State") increased 6.4 percent, more than the national PCE price index.
•
•
•

Maine had the largest increase in real PCE, at 7.3 percent. Current-dollar PCE increased 7.4
percent, while its implicit regional price deflator increased 0.1 percent (table 2).
Vermont had the second-largest increase in real PCE, at 6.7 percent. Current-dollar PCE
increased 6.0 percent, while its implicit regional price deflator decreased 0.7 percent.
Alabama had the largest decline in real PCE, at –0.6 percent. Current-dollar PCE increased 5.5
percent, while its implicit regional price deflator increased 6.1 percent.

Real personal income highlights
Real personal income for the nation increased 2.1 percent in 2023. Current-dollar personal income (see
"Personal Income by State") increased 5.9 percent, more than the national PCE price index.

•

Vermont had the largest increase in real personal income, at 6.0 percent. Current-dollar
personal income increased 5.3 percent, while its implicit regional price deflator decreased 0.7
percent.

Page 2 of 6

•

•

Maine had the second-largest increase in real personal income, at 5.9 percent. Current-dollar
personal income increased 6.0 percent, while its implicit regional price deflator increased 0.1
percent.
Iowa had the largest decline in real personal income, at –2.0 percent. Current-dollar personal
income increased 2.2 percent, while its implicit regional price deflator increased 4.3 percent.

Regional price parities
Regional price parities measure the differences in price levels across states for a given year and are
expressed as a percentage of the overall national price level.

Page 3 of 6

The all items RPP covers all consumption goods and services including housing rents. Housing rents are
often the main driver in differences in RPPs.
•
•
•

States with the highest RPPs were California, at 112.6, New Jersey, at 108.9, and Hawaii, at
108.6. The RPP in the District of Columbia was 110.8 (table 2).
States with the lowest RPPs were Arkansas, at 86.5, Mississippi, at 87.3, and South Dakota, at
88.1.
Across states, California had the highest RPP for housing rents, at 157.8, and Mississippi had the
lowest, at 54.9. The RPP for housing rents in the District of Columbia was 168.5.

Metropolitan area real personal income and RPP statistics are available in tables 3 and 4 as well as on
the BEA website.
Annual update to regional real PCE and real personal income
The estimates for 2023 incorporate the results of BEA’s annual update of real PCE by state and real
personal income by state and metropolitan area that was also released today. The annual estimates of
real PCE by state and real personal income by state and metropolitan area from 2019 to 2022 were
revised. This update incorporates new and revised source data that are more complete and more
detailed than previously available and aligns the states and metropolitan areas with the annual update
of the National Income and Product Accounts and the gross domestic product (GDP) by industry
statistics released on September 26, 2024; the GDP and personal income by state statistics released on
September 27, 2024; the PCE by state statistics released on October 3, 2024; and the personal income
by county and metropolitan area statistics released on November 14, 2024.
BEA released new estimates of real per capita PCE and real per capita personal income for 2023. BEA
used U.S. Census Bureau population figures to calculate per capita estimates for 2020 through 2023. For
earlier estimates, BEA used intercensal population statistics that it developed based on Census Bureau
methodology. See “Note on Per Capita Personal Consumption Expenditures and Population.”

Next release: December 11, 2025, at 8:30 a.m. EST
Real Personal Consumption Expenditures by State and
Real Personal Income by State and Metropolitan Area, 2024
Note: Regional Economic Accounts news releases will no longer include a separate “Release Highlights”
document as part of the releases’ “Related Materials.” Information previously included in Highlights will
continue to be available in the news releases and on BEA’s website.

Page 4 of 6

Technical Notes on Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators
Price indexes commonly measure price changes over time. The PCE price index and the U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS) Consumer Price Index (CPI) are two examples. Spatial price indexes measure price
level differences across regions for one period. An example of these types of indexes are purchasing
power parities, which measure differences in price levels across countries for a given period and can be
used to convert estimates of per capita GDP into comparable levels in a common currency. The RPP that
BEA has developed compares price levels across regions within the United States. An implicit regional
price deflator (IRPD) can be derived by combining the RPPs and the U.S. PCE price index and can be used
to compare regional price levels over time.
Regional price parities. The RPPs are calculated using price quotes for a wide array of items from the CPI
covering apparel, education, food, housing, medical, recreation, transportation, and other goods and
services. 1 Data on housing rents are obtained separately from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American
Community Survey (ACS). The expenditure weights for each category are constructed using BEA PCE and
Census ACS housing rents expenditures. 2
The CPI price levels and the ACS housing rents are combined with the expenditure weights using a
multilateral aggregation method that expresses a region’s price level relative to that of the United
States. 3
For example, if the RPP for area A is 120 and for area B is 90, then price levels are 20 percent higher and
10 percent lower than the U.S. average for A and B, respectively. If the personal income for area A is
$12,000 and for area B is $9,000, then RPP-adjusted incomes are $10,000 (or $12,000/1.20) and $10,000
(or $9,000/0.90), respectively. In other words, the purchasing power of the two incomes is equivalent
when adjusted by their respective RPPs.
Implicit regional price deflator. The IRPD is a regional price index derived as the product of two terms:
the RPP and the U.S. PCE price index.
The IRPD will equal current-dollar PCE divided by real PCE in constant dollars. The growth rate or yearto-year change in the IRPDs is a measure of regional inflation. 4
For complete information on the data sources and estimating methods, see “Regional Price Parities, Real
Personal Consumption Expenditures, and Real Personal Income.”

1. The BEA RPP statistics are based in part on restricted-access CPI data from BLS. The BEA statistics presented herein are
products of BEA and not BLS.
2. See “Improved Measures of Housing Services for the U.S. Economic Accounts,” Survey of Current Business 101 (May 2021). To
estimate RPPs, annual average CPI price quotes and ACS housing rents are quality adjusted. The rents data are from the ACS
Public Use Microdata Sample, and results incorporate BEA’s new method for estimating housing services across the regional
and national accounts.
3. The multilateral system that is used is the Geary additive method. Any region or combination of regions may be used as the
base or reference region without loss of consistency.
4. The growth rate of the IRPDs will not necessarily equal the region or metropolitan area price deflators published by BLS. This
is because the CPI deflators are calculated directly, while the IRPDs are indirect estimates based on CPI and ACS price levels and
PCE expenditure weights.

Page 5 of 6

Additional Information
Resources
•

•
•
•
•
•

Stay informed about BEA developments by reading
The BEA Wire, signing up for BEA’s email
subscription service, or following @BEA_News on
X.
Historical time series for these estimates can be
accessed in BEA’s Interactive Data Application.
Access BEA data by registering for BEA’s Data
Application Programming Interface.
For more on BEA’s statistics, see our online
journal, the Survey of Current Business.
For upcoming economic indicators, see BEA’s news
release schedule.
For complete information on the data sources and
estimating methods used to estimate regional
price parities, real personal consumption
expenditures, and real personal income, see
“Regional Price Parities, Real Personal
Consumption Expenditures, and Real Personal
Income.”

Definitions
Regional price parities (RPPs) are regional price levels
expressed as a percentage of the overall national price level
for a given year. The price level is determined by the
average prices paid by consumers for the mix of goods and
services consumed in each region.
Detailed Consumer Price Index (CPI) price data are adjusted
to obtain average price levels for the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics areas.1 These are allocated to counties in
combination with direct price and expenditure data on
housing rents from the American Community Survey.
County data are then aggregated to states and
metropolitan areas.

Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) at RPPs is
current-dollar PCE divided by the price parity for a given
year and region.2
Real PCE is PCE at RPPs divided by the national PCE price
index. The result is real PCE in constant dollars (using 2017
as the reference year). Using Kansas in 2023 as an example:
(1)

(2)

(3)

PCE is divided by
the RPP

PCE at RPPs is
deflated by the U.S.
PCE price index

2023 Kansas
real PCE

$145.1 / 0.900 =
$161.3

$161.3 / 1.205 =
$133.9

$133.9

Note. Dollar amounts are in billions.

Total real PCE in the United States is derived as the sum of
the regional estimates and net expenditures abroad by U.S.
residents divided by the U.S. PCE price index.
Personal income at RPPs is current-dollar personal income
divided by the price parity for a given year and region. A
balancing factor is applied so that the sum of personal
income at RPPs across regions equals the current-dollar
sum.
Real personal income is personal income at RPPs divided by
the national PCE price index. The result is real personal
income in constant dollars (using 2017 as the reference
year).
Estimates of real personal income in the United States are
derived as the sum of the regional estimates divided by the
U.S. PCE price index.
Implicit regional price deflator is the product of the RPP
and the national PCE price index. It is equal to current-dollar
PCE divided by real PCE.

________________________________
1. The CPI represents about 93 percent of the total U.S. population, including almost all residents of urban or metropolitan
areas.
2. RPP should first be divided by 100.

News release tables
Table 1. Real Personal Consumption Expenditures and Real Personal Income, by State, 2022–2023
Table 2. Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators, by State, 2023
Table 3. Real Personal Income, by Metropolitan Area, 2022–2023
Table 4. Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators, by Metropolitan Area, 2023

Page 6 of 6

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 1. Real Personal Consumption Expenditures and Real Personal Income, by State, 2022–2023
Real personal consumption expenditures
(millions of constant (2017) dollars)
1

United States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Maximum
Minimum
Range

2022

2023

15,236,192
211,070
36,670
321,902
127,802
1,815,443
295,601
179,159
49,313
44,264
1,060,448
468,477
60,898
79,961
587,683
302,338
142,808
131,627
194,140
200,603
66,988
268,193
357,142
459,978
270,291
116,420
286,642
56,383
94,014
145,707
69,575
442,590
87,670
932,436
474,449
40,181
532,519
165,111
179,879
629,333
47,500
228,310
44,316
309,220
1,318,235
149,524
30,723
384,258
347,964
77,079
274,093
29,407

15,621,697
209,835
37,641
328,923
130,245
1,862,352
306,885
188,561
49,762
46,806
1,092,049
475,974
63,733
82,524
614,597
305,980
143,423
133,866
196,283
208,069
71,878
276,538
370,964
461,782
273,333
117,753
291,957
57,574
94,794
147,757
72,800
451,912
89,453
962,482
487,961
40,973
538,904
169,192
185,908
628,992
50,198
235,732
45,152
315,346
1,362,468
152,351
32,784
400,454
361,525
77,875
277,137
30,381

1,815,443
29,407
1,786,036

1,862,352
30,381
1,831,970

Real personal income
(millions of constant (2017) dollars)

Percent change

2022

2023

2.5
-0.6
2.6
2.2
1.9
2.6
3.8
5.2
0.9
5.7
3.0
1.6
4.7
3.2
4.6
1.2
0.4
1.7
1.1
3.7
7.3
3.1
3.9
0.4
1.1
1.1
1.9
2.1
0.8
1.4
4.6
2.1
2.0
3.2
2.8
2.0
1.2
2.5
3.4
-0.1
5.7
3.3
1.9
2.0
3.4
1.9
6.7
4.2
3.9
1.0
1.1
3.3

19,013,960
256,889
42,765
374,593
167,212
2,300,588
377,586
248,931
57,377
51,867
1,210,835
563,091
69,885
104,062
734,669
378,050
192,242
175,965
229,327
243,667
73,379
361,299
474,183
536,035
353,330
136,758
345,170
66,102
126,611
177,649
83,714
570,674
106,383
1,221,957
578,336
53,919
646,886
226,515
219,807
760,573
58,180
265,626
62,237
391,981
1,673,439
187,353
35,147
511,101
461,585
86,003
340,655
41,772

19,404,132
255,621
42,882
381,769
169,738
2,335,587
385,504
260,583
57,719
54,359
1,247,047
567,219
72,620
105,985
761,677
378,613
188,363
179,468
230,020
253,006
77,721
372,195
486,680
541,161
351,314
138,867
351,069
67,750
129,707
181,183
87,258
581,816
107,518
1,243,246
591,116
52,953
655,602
230,880
227,750
761,197
60,638
274,591
62,804
398,095
1,727,121
191,734
37,243
530,513
483,702
86,502
342,613
43,813

2.1
-0.5
0.3
1.9
1.5
1.5
2.1
4.7
0.6
4.8
3.0
0.7
3.9
1.8
3.7
0.1
-2.0
2.0
0.3
3.8
5.9
3.0
2.6
1.0
-0.6
1.5
1.7
2.5
2.4
2.0
4.2
2.0
1.1
1.7
2.2
-1.8
1.3
1.9
3.6
0.1
4.2
3.4
0.9
1.6
3.2
2.3
6.0
3.8
4.8
0.6
0.6
4.9

7.3
-0.6
7.9

2,300,588
35,147
2,265,441

2,335,587
37,243
2,298,344

6.0
-2.0
8.0

1. The U.S. real personal consumption expenditures include net expenditures abroad by U.S. residents, but state estimates do not.
Note. Estimates may not add to totals because of rounding.
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Percent change

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 2. Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators, by State, 2023
Implicit regional price deflators1

Regional price parities
All items
United States2
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Maximum
Minimum
Range

Goods

Services
Housing

Utilities

Other

All items

Percent
change from
previous year

100.0
90.0
101.7
101.1
86.5
112.6
101.4
103.7
99.3
110.8
103.5
96.7
108.6
91.4
98.9
92.2
88.8
90.0
90.5
88.3
97.1
104.0
108.2
94.2
98.4
87.3
91.8
90.2
90.4
97.0
105.3
108.9
90.4
107.6
94.1
88.6
91.8
88.3
104.7
97.5
101.4
93.2
88.1
92.5
97.2
95.0
96.6
100.7
108.6
89.8
93.1
90.8

99.5
95.1
100.4
97.5
92.1
107.5
98.1
97.4
98.4
105.9
98.4
98.3
106.9
94.0
100.9
94.8
95.1
94.8
95.1
92.0
96.6
102.9
102.4
95.4
101.8
94.9
97.7
94.3
95.3
94.6
100.1
107.1
95.4
106.2
96.5
95.9
93.4
92.2
104.6
99.2
96.8
95.6
96.1
94.8
98.4
93.0
96.3
100.3
106.7
95.7
93.6
94.8

100.7
61.6
96.6
108.6
56.7
157.8
130.5
116.8
98.9
168.5
123.1
88.3
128.9
86.7
92.4
71.4
66.0
68.6
62.9
65.1
80.4
119.9
130.1
78.9
90.6
54.9
70.4
76.7
74.3
113.3
114.6
134.1
75.3
121.9
80.8
69.4
72.1
65.0
109.0
85.8
102.4
80.5
64.9
77.9
97.4
106.2
82.0
105.5
125.5
56.1
78.3
75.9

98.6
90.4
111.9
83.2
81.4
142.1
87.1
152.5
105.3
110.2
93.8
93.2
191.3
68.1
80.8
86.4
87.1
92.9
81.2
76.5
143.6
108.9
166.3
100.6
90.6
84.6
85.5
72.9
79.7
90.7
155.6
115.8
76.9
135.7
84.2
73.7
89.8
80.3
91.2
118.5
146.0
86.1
80.8
76.3
92.7
72.9
121.9
92.4
84.0
89.0
89.7
74.5

100.2
98.7
103.3
102.3
95.3
104.8
96.2
102.6
99.7
102.5
101.2
98.7
101.9
93.0
100.5
98.1
93.1
94.1
98.4
95.3
103.0
99.8
104.7
98.4
99.3
98.2
95.2
93.5
92.7
94.1
104.8
103.6
93.7
103.9
98.1
90.4
97.8
95.4
104.2
99.1
102.5
97.4
91.8
97.6
96.4
94.4
101.4
100.0
106.1
99.5
98.2
94.7

120.5
108.4
122.6
121.8
104.2
135.7
122.2
124.9
119.6
133.5
124.7
116.5
130.9
110.2
119.1
111.1
107.0
108.4
109.0
106.4
117.0
125.3
130.4
113.5
118.6
105.2
110.6
108.7
108.9
116.9
126.9
131.2
108.9
129.7
113.4
106.7
110.6
106.4
126.2
117.5
122.2
112.3
106.1
111.5
117.1
114.5
116.4
121.4
130.8
108.2
112.2
109.5

3.8
6.1
3.5
5.0
3.3
3.8
2.9
1.3
5.1
2.1
5.0
4.8
1.5
3.4
1.3
4.1
4.3
4.1
5.0
1.3
0.1
2.8
2.6
4.4
4.8
3.7
4.6
3.9
4.4
4.5
1.4
3.9
3.2
3.8
3.9
3.6
4.1
3.2
1.9
5.2
0.8
3.6
4.0
4.6
3.5
4.2
-0.7
2.4
2.4
4.5
4.5
2.7

112.6
86.5
26.1

107.5
92
15.5

168.5
54.9
113.6

191.3
68.1
123.2

106.1
90.4
15.7

135.7
104.2
31.4

6.1
-0.7
6.8

1. The implicit price deflator for the United States is equal to the national personal consumption expenditures price index, with a base of 2017.
2. The U.S. all items regional price parities is the average price level across all states and the District of Columbia.
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 3. Real Personal Income, by Metropolitan Area, 2022–2023
Real personal income
(millions of constant (2017) dollars)
2022
United States
Nonmetropolitan portion
Metropolitan statistical areas
Abilene, TX
Akron, OH
Albany, GA
Albany-Lebanon, OR
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY
Albuquerque, NM
Alexandria, LA
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
Altoona, PA
Amarillo, TX
Ames, IA
Anchorage, AK
Ann Arbor, MI
Anniston-Oxford, AL
Appleton, WI
Asheville, NC
Athens-Clarke County, GA
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ
Auburn-Opelika, AL
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC
Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown, TX
Bakersfield, CA
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD
Bangor, ME
Barnstable Town, MA
Baton Rouge, LA
Battle Creek, MI
Bay City, MI
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX
Beckley, WV
Bellingham, WA
Bend, OR
Billings, MT
Binghamton, NY
Birmingham-Hoover, AL
Bismarck, ND
Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA
Bloomington, IL
Bloomington, IN
Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA
Boise City, ID
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH
Boulder, CO
Bowling Green, KY
Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX
Brunswick, GA
Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY
Burlington, NC
Burlington-South Burlington, VT
California-Lexington Park, MD
Canton-Massillon, OH
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL

2023

Percent
change

19,013,960
2,296,798

19,404,132
2,324,520

2.1
1.2

9,070
38,956
6,833
5,832
54,862
46,525
7,720
48,238
6,451
14,457
6,600
23,867
23,548
5,067
14,109
25,265
10,456
352,925
13,819
8,101
29,501
160,928
33,792
173,332
7,218
15,903
47,621
5,947
5,015
18,228
5,227
11,122
12,537
11,707
11,425
66,465
8,915
7,228
9,410
8,099
4,337
45,432
361,743
26,992
8,066
15,072
98,578
15,922
5,941
61,242
8,175
12,662
6,600
20,888
42,888
4,955

9,418
39,358
6,799
5,960
55,490
47,261
7,684
49,070
6,549
15,012
6,350
23,568
24,059
4,967
14,061
25,776
10,537
352,688
14,248
8,318
29,941
169,550
35,193
176,596
7,622
16,832
49,587
6,027
4,949
18,755
5,187
11,500
13,279
12,240
11,652
66,887
9,075
7,678
9,425
8,117
4,335
46,751
369,881
27,286
8,159
15,855
104,628
16,048
6,197
62,213
8,258
13,630
6,728
21,218
44,579
5,093

3.8
1.0
-0.5
2.2
1.1
1.6
-0.5
1.7
1.5
3.8
-3.8
-1.3
2.2
-2.0
-0.3
2.0
0.8
-0.1
3.1
2.7
1.5
5.4
4.1
1.9
5.6
5.8
4.1
1.3
-1.3
2.9
-0.8
3.4
5.9
4.6
2.0
0.6
1.8
6.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
2.9
2.2
1.1
1.1
5.2
6.1
0.8
4.3
1.6
1.0
7.6
1.9
1.6
3.9
2.8

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 3. Real Personal Income, by Metropolitan Area, 2022–2023
Real personal income
(millions of constant (2017) dollars)
2022
Carbondale-Marion, IL
Carson City, NV
Casper, WY
Cedar Rapids, IA
Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA
Champaign-Urbana, IL
Charleston, WV
Charleston-North Charleston, SC
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC
Charlottesville, VA
Chattanooga, TN-GA
Cheyenne, WY
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI
Chico, CA
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN
Clarksville, TN-KY
Cleveland, TN
Cleveland-Elyria, OH
Coeur d'Alene, ID
College Station-Bryan, TX
Colorado Springs, CO
Columbia, MO
Columbia, SC
Columbus, GA-AL
Columbus, IN
Columbus, OH
Corpus Christi, TX
Corvallis, OR
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL
Cumberland, MD-WV
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Dalton, GA
Danville, IL
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL
Dayton-Kettering, OH
Decatur, AL
Decatur, IL
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
Dothan, AL
Dover, DE
Dubuque, IA
Duluth, MN-WI
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC
East Stroudsburg, PA
Eau Claire, WI
El Centro, CA
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY
Elkhart-Goshen, IN
Elmira, NY
El Paso, TX
Enid, OK
Erie, PA
Eugene-Springfield, OR
Evansville, IN-KY
Fairbanks, AK

6,496
3,182
5,595
16,260
8,102
11,907
13,045
46,702
162,717
16,655
30,019
5,623
565,675
9,270
136,395
15,525
5,859
122,079
10,126
12,620
42,325
11,800
42,857
14,858
5,011
123,578
20,718
4,471
17,552
4,416
469,494
6,032
3,522
13,438
21,168
43,423
7,271
5,757
33,139
206,845
44,737
243,809
7,785
8,682
6,036
15,630
38,717
7,973
9,370
7,045
7,835
11,468
3,966
36,418
3,086
13,200
18,248
17,938
5,656

2023
6,545
3,258
5,780
16,169
8,160
12,151
13,229
48,071
167,391
17,180
30,622
6,017
592,094
9,362
138,050
15,674
5,808
124,317
10,147
13,291
43,173
11,967
44,533
15,076
5,072
125,225
21,675
4,608
18,093
4,494
483,662
6,049
3,532
13,569
21,255
43,967
7,106
5,799
34,821
211,551
45,268
243,546
7,583
9,040
5,858
16,027
39,647
7,899
9,409
7,141
7,880
10,877
3,950
37,611
3,063
13,299
18,881
17,969
5,539

Percent
change
0.8
2.4
3.3
-0.6
0.7
2.0
1.4
2.9
2.9
3.2
2.0
7.0
4.7
1.0
1.2
1.0
-0.9
1.8
0.2
5.3
2.0
1.4
3.9
1.5
1.2
1.3
4.6
3.1
3.1
1.8
3.0
0.3
0.3
1.0
0.4
1.3
-2.3
0.7
5.1
2.3
1.2
-0.1
-2.6
4.1
-3.0
2.5
2.4
-0.9
0.4
1.4
0.6
-5.1
-0.4
3.3
-0.7
0.7
3.5
0.2
-2.1

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 3. Real Personal Income, by Metropolitan Area, 2022–2023
Real personal income
(millions of constant (2017) dollars)
2022
Fargo, ND-MN
Farmington, NM
Fayetteville, NC
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR
Flagstaff, AZ
Flint, MI
Florence, SC
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL
Fond du Lac, WI
Fort Collins, CO
Fort Smith, AR-OK
Fort Wayne, IN
Fresno, CA
Gadsden, AL
Gainesville, FL
Gainesville, GA
Gettysburg, PA
Glens Falls, NY
Goldsboro, NC
Grand Forks, ND-MN
Grand Island, NE
Grand Junction, CO
Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI
Grants Pass, OR
Great Falls, MT
Greeley, CO
Green Bay, WI
Greensboro-High Point, NC
Greenville, NC
Greenville-Anderson, SC
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV
Hammond, LA
Hanford-Corcoran, CA
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA
Harrisonburg, VA
Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT
Hattiesburg, MS
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton, SC
Hinesville, GA
Homosassa Springs, FL
Hot Springs, AR
Houma-Thibodaux, LA
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH
Huntsville, AL
Idaho Falls, ID
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN
Iowa City, IA
Ithaca, NY
Jackson, MI
Jackson, MS
Jackson, TN
Jacksonville, FL
Jacksonville, NC
Janesville-Beloit, WI
Jefferson City, MO
Johnson City, TN

16,662
5,204
22,960
46,738
7,613
18,587
9,981
7,061
5,830
21,903
11,380
23,088
42,047
4,665
15,879
10,827
5,417
6,572
5,614
6,291
4,310
8,060
62,326
3,803
4,600
18,892
19,180
39,370
9,204
47,340
18,543
14,563
6,310
5,494
33,268
6,360
71,580
7,676
17,813
14,092
3,153
6,656
4,969
10,108
441,276
16,676
29,032
8,719
137,114
10,802
4,711
7,014
30,468
8,892
91,252
10,120
8,289
7,952
10,152

2023
16,690
5,342
23,124
48,089
8,162
19,522
10,061
7,108
5,589
22,773
11,480
23,949
42,892
4,446
16,370
11,288
5,637
6,583
5,582
6,205
4,410
8,310
62,648
3,991
4,585
19,474
19,059
39,710
9,054
48,744
18,956
14,716
6,675
5,676
33,452
6,333
74,152
7,749
18,009
15,293
3,242
6,853
5,078
10,381
449,789
16,989
29,769
8,946
137,735
10,693
4,715
6,980
31,056
9,056
93,808
10,399
8,419
8,129
10,292

Percent
change
0.2
2.6
0.7
2.9
7.2
5.0
0.8
0.7
-4.1
4.0
0.9
3.7
2.0
-4.7
3.1
4.3
4.1
0.2
-0.6
-1.4
2.3
3.1
0.5
5.0
-0.3
3.1
-0.6
0.9
-1.6
3.0
2.2
1.1
5.8
3.3
0.6
-0.4
3.6
0.9
1.1
8.5
2.8
3.0
2.2
2.7
1.9
1.9
2.5
2.6
0.5
-1.0
0.1
-0.5
1.9
1.8
2.8
2.8
1.6
2.2
1.4

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 3. Real Personal Income, by Metropolitan Area, 2022–2023
Real personal income
(millions of constant (2017) dollars)
2022
Johnstown, PA
Jonesboro, AR
Joplin, MO
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI
Kankakee, IL
Kansas City, MO-KS
Kennewick-Richland, WA
Killeen-Temple, TX
Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA
Kingston, NY
Knoxville, TN
Kokomo, IN
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN
Lafayette, LA
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN
Lake Charles, LA
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL
Lancaster, PA
Lansing-East Lansing, MI
Laredo, TX
Las Cruces, NM
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV
Lawrence, KS
Lawton, OK
Lebanon, PA
Lewiston, ID-WA
Lewiston-Auburn, ME
Lexington-Fayette, KY
Lima, OH
Lincoln, NE
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR
Logan, UT-ID
Longview, TX
Longview, WA
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN
Lubbock, TX
Lynchburg, VA
Macon-Bibb County, GA
Madera, CA
Madison, WI
Manchester-Nashua, NH
Manhattan, KS
Mankato, MN
Mansfield, OH
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
Medford, OR
Memphis, TN-MS-AR
Merced, CA
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
Michigan City-La Porte, IN
Midland, MI
Midland, TX
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI
Missoula, MT
Mobile, AL

6,235
6,378
8,593
7,894
14,468
5,086
137,316
13,350
22,234
15,065
9,945
50,622
3,987
7,851
25,443
10,278
10,549
8,974
30,511
32,037
25,356
10,434
10,282
124,864
6,027
6,270
7,614
3,581
4,930
29,236
4,970
20,014
41,299
7,025
14,758
5,273
752,787
74,360
16,109
12,167
10,520
6,069
44,611
24,777
6,853
5,624
5,631
29,178
10,601
71,547
11,178
372,653
5,543
4,956
23,032
97,231
236,433
7,433
20,314

2023
6,285
6,507
8,586
8,074
14,773
5,125
138,381
14,297
22,850
15,531
10,160
51,357
3,916
7,917
26,673
10,536
10,873
9,680
31,052
32,259
26,083
10,902
10,001
127,215
6,263
6,209
7,406
3,550
5,078
29,272
5,171
20,673
42,409
7,086
14,737
5,471
745,812
74,269
16,548
12,489
10,581
6,145
45,732
25,769
6,878
5,621
5,778
30,020
11,110
71,806
11,381
387,653
5,362
4,947
22,956
98,228
235,283
7,438
19,993

Percent
change
0.8
2.0
-0.1
2.3
2.1
0.8
0.8
7.1
2.8
3.1
2.2
1.5
-1.8
0.8
4.8
2.5
3.1
7.9
1.8
0.7
2.9
4.5
-2.7
1.9
3.9
-1.0
-2.7
-0.9
3.0
0.1
4.0
3.3
2.7
0.9
-0.1
3.8
-0.9
-0.1
2.7
2.6
0.6
1.2
2.5
4.0
0.4
0.0
2.6
2.9
4.8
0.4
1.8
4.0
-3.3
-0.2
-0.3
1.0
-0.5
0.1
-1.6

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 3. Real Personal Income, by Metropolitan Area, 2022–2023
Real personal income
(millions of constant (2017) dollars)

Modesto, CA
Monroe, LA
Monroe, MI
Montgomery, AL
Morgantown, WV
Morristown, TN
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA
Muncie, IN
Muskegon, MI
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC
Napa, CA
Naples-Marco Island, FL
Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN
New Bern, NC
New Haven-Milford, CT
New Orleans-Metairie, LA
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA
Niles, MI
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL
Norwich-New London, CT
Ocala, FL
Ocean City, NJ
Odessa, TX
Ogden-Clearfield, UT
Oklahoma City, OK
Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI
Owensboro, KY
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL
Panama City, FL
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL
Peoria, IL
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD
Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ
Pine Bluff, AR
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsfield, MA
Pocatello, ID
Portland-South Portland, ME
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA
Port St. Lucie, FL
Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY
Prescott Valley-Prescott, AZ
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA
Provo-Orem, UT
Pueblo, CO
Punta Gorda, FL
Racine, WI
Raleigh-Cary, NC
Rapid City, SD
Reading, PA
Redding, CA
Reno, NV
Richmond, VA
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA

2022

2023

22,951
9,462
8,179
18,566
6,900
6,664
6,749
5,039
7,829
25,240
9,165
41,846
137,955
6,334
46,109
72,301
1,289,986
9,038
53,130
14,797
16,160
5,850
8,181
36,587
85,814
14,706
65,383
129,589
9,278
6,062
46,507
30,977
8,811
4,846
25,644
21,942
398,821
261,076
3,751
144,207
7,304
4,653
34,041
141,389
31,075
34,086
11,913
89,879
35,318
7,610
9,451
11,110
92,745
9,219
22,715
8,149
33,683
80,238
188,571

23,181
9,909
8,293
18,815
7,031
6,856
6,925
5,010
7,887
27,075
9,414
42,748
140,840
6,585
47,570
75,200
1,322,547
8,631
54,737
15,512
16,664
6,123
8,762
37,254
87,093
15,388
66,363
133,906
9,477
5,957
47,480
31,952
9,079
4,828
26,266
22,592
395,105
265,177
3,662
145,279
8,048
4,653
35,499
146,710
32,093
34,773
12,188
93,247
36,866
7,455
9,636
10,765
96,230
9,485
23,083
8,407
34,868
82,241
189,837

Percent
change
1.0
4.7
1.4
1.3
1.9
2.9
2.6
-0.6
0.7
7.3
2.7
2.2
2.1
4.0
3.2
4.0
2.5
-4.5
3.0
4.8
3.1
4.7
7.1
1.8
1.5
4.6
1.5
3.3
2.1
-1.7
2.1
3.1
3.0
-0.4
2.4
3.0
-0.9
1.6
-2.4
0.7
10.2
0.0
4.3
3.8
3.3
2.0
2.3
3.7
4.4
-2.0
2.0
-3.1
3.8
2.9
1.6
3.2
3.5
2.5
0.7

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 3. Real Personal Income, by Metropolitan Area, 2022–2023
Real personal income
(millions of constant (2017) dollars)
2022
Roanoke, VA
Rochester, MN
Rochester, NY
Rockford, IL
Rocky Mount, NC
Rome, GA
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA
Saginaw, MI
St. Cloud, MN
St. George, UT
St. Joseph, MO-KS
St. Louis, MO-IL
Salem, OR
Salinas, CA
Salisbury, MD-DE
Salt Lake City, UT
San Angelo, TX
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
Santa Fe, NM
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA
Savannah, GA
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL
Sebring-Avon Park, FL
Sheboygan, WI
Sherman-Denison, TX
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA
Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD
Sioux Falls, SD
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI
Spartanburg, SC
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA
Springfield, IL
Springfield, MA
Springfield, MO
Springfield, OH
State College, PA
Staunton, VA
Stockton, CA
Sumter, SC
Syracuse, NY
Tallahassee, FL
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Terre Haute, IN
Texarkana, TX-AR
The Villages, FL
Toledo, OH
Topeka, KS
Trenton-Princeton, NJ
Tucson, AZ
Tulsa, OK

16,486
14,089
57,466
16,517
6,973
4,190
126,575
8,973
11,332
9,291
5,771
177,139
19,660
21,598
24,142
75,871
6,956
136,601
183,866
412,266
203,974
14,782
16,563
10,331
26,035
29,139
20,873
28,021
281,657
14,789
4,210
6,857
7,099
21,776
6,219
9,165
20,865
17,173
16,794
27,546
11,418
37,004
24,470
6,302
7,724
6,431
35,622
6,238
35,053
18,512
170,561
8,541
6,742
9,068
33,966
12,468
26,146
53,329
65,088

2023
17,193
14,027
56,616
16,736
7,030
4,312
130,184
8,796
11,623
9,535
5,792
182,529
20,481
21,856
24,283
76,992
7,330
142,697
192,985
419,973
212,235
15,370
17,113
10,795
26,752
30,359
21,464
27,926
295,736
15,418
4,331
6,892
7,445
22,372
6,374
9,214
21,292
16,829
17,573
28,603
11,405
37,687
24,443
6,382
8,136
6,397
36,809
6,441
34,652
18,973
171,453
8,481
6,811
9,522
34,268
13,005
26,243
54,571
67,023

Percent
change
4.3
-0.4
-1.5
1.3
0.8
2.9
2.9
-2.0
2.6
2.6
0.4
3.0
4.2
1.2
0.6
1.5
5.4
4.5
5.0
1.9
4.0
4.0
3.3
4.5
2.8
4.2
2.8
-0.3
5.0
4.3
2.9
0.5
4.9
2.7
2.5
0.5
2.0
-2.0
4.6
3.8
-0.1
1.8
-0.1
1.3
5.3
-0.5
3.3
3.2
-1.1
2.5
0.5
-0.7
1.0
5.0
0.9
4.3
0.4
2.3
3.0

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 3. Real Personal Income, by Metropolitan Area, 2022–2023
Real personal income
(millions of constant (2017) dollars)
2022
Tuscaloosa, AL
Twin Falls, ID
Tyler, TX
Urban Honolulu, HI
Utica-Rome, NY
Valdosta, GA
Vallejo, CA
Victoria, TX
Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC
Visalia, CA
Waco, TX
Walla Walla, WA
Warner Robins, GA
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA
Watertown-Fort Drum, NY
Wausau-Weston, WI
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH
Wenatchee, WA
Wheeling, WV-OH
Wichita, KS
Wichita Falls, TX
Williamsport, PA
Wilmington, NC
Winchester, VA-WV
Winston-Salem, NC
Worcester, MA-CT
Yakima, WA
York-Hanover, PA
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA
Yuba City, CA
Yuma, AZ
Maximum
Minimum
Range

2023

Percent
change

11,579
5,627
14,868
49,918
14,464
6,130
21,009
5,228
6,730
93,305
18,944
13,225
2,914
8,863
418,228
9,146
5,645
9,396
5,385
6,143
7,075
36,085
7,790
5,544
15,959
7,738
35,334
52,544
10,937
24,290
26,279
7,725
9,457

11,391
5,762
14,764
52,164
14,292
6,410
22,071
5,365
6,671
96,579
18,990
14,017
2,947
9,053
438,904
9,078
5,792
9,495
5,388
6,354
7,150
36,638
7,875
5,424
16,387
8,063
36,139
54,393
11,212
24,356
26,805
7,716
9,414

-1.6
2.4
-0.7
4.5
-1.2
4.6
5.1
2.6
-0.9
3.5
0.2
6.0
1.1
2.2
4.9
-0.7
2.6
1.1
0.0
3.4
1.1
1.5
1.1
-2.2
2.7
4.2
2.3
3.5
2.5
0.3
2.0
-0.1
-0.5

1,289,986
2,914
1,287,072

1,322,547
2,947
1,319,600

10.2
-5.1
15.3

Notes. Metropolitan areas are defined (geographically delineated) by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin No. 20-01, issued March 6, 2020.
Estimates may not add to totals because of rounding.
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 4. Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators, by Metropolitan Area, 2023
Implicit regional price deflators1

Regional price parities
All items
United States2
Nonmetropolitan portion
Metropolitan statistical areas
Abilene, TX
Akron, OH
Albany, GA
Albany-Lebanon, OR
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY
Albuquerque, NM
Alexandria, LA
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
Altoona, PA
Amarillo, TX
Ames, IA
Anchorage, AK
Ann Arbor, MI
Anniston-Oxford, AL
Appleton, WI
Asheville, NC
Athens-Clarke County, GA
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ
Auburn-Opelika, AL
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC
Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown, TX
Bakersfield, CA
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD
Bangor, ME
Barnstable Town, MA
Baton Rouge, LA
Battle Creek, MI
Bay City, MI
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX
Beckley, WV
Bellingham, WA
Bend, OR
Billings, MT
Binghamton, NY
Birmingham-Hoover, AL
Bismarck, ND
Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA
Bloomington, IL
Bloomington, IN
Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA
Boise City, ID
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH
Boulder, CO
Bowling Green, KY
Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX
Brunswick, GA
Buffalo-Cheektowaga, NY
Burlington, NC
Burlington-South Burlington, VT
California-Lexington Park, MD
Canton-Massillon, OH
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL
Carbondale-Marion, IL
Carson City, NV
Casper, WY

Services

Goods

Housing

Utilities

Other

All items

Percent
change from
previous year

100.0
88.2

99.5
95.3

100.7
59.0

98.6
89.1

100.2
97.1

120.5
106.3

3.8
3.4

89.8
92.8
86.4
104.6
97.6
93.0
86.2
98.4
88.3
90.8
91.4
104.5
98.0
87.2
93.6
96.1
93.3
100.9
97.2
88.9
91.0
97.6
102.2
102.7
91.5
105.8
90.8
88.2
90.6
90.2
89.6
104.1
105.8
89.6
91.6
92.6
89.6
90.7
92.0
93.4
90.3
93.4
111.6
99.9
90.5
107.5
106.5
85.2
89.7
94.4
92.7
100.0
100.2
88.5
102.6
86.3
87.2
94.1
91.8

91.9
93.3
95.9
104.6
98.1
95.4
92.0
98.5
98.5
91.9
95.1
100.3
93.3
95.1
93.1
96.5
95.9
99.8
98.5
95.1
95.8
91.9
104.6
102.2
96.6
97.5
92.0
93.3
93.3
91.9
95.4
104.8
104.6
94.3
98.1
95.1
95.9
96.7
92.5
94.1
98.5
93.9
104.7
94.3
95.2
104.8
97.4
91.9
95.9
98.1
96.5
96.3
96.7
93.3
95.6
95.1
92.5
94.6
94.8

73.6
77.5
50.0
108.2
92.8
88.8
56.1
98.8
53.0
77.4
79.9
120.7
112.0
49.7
81.6
92.4
77.9
110.9
91.4
58.2
67.8
126.4
88.0
116.9
56.2
124.2
77.2
56.9
65.5
76.1
58.7
109.6
115.0
73.0
66.1
72.1
75.8
67.4
73.5
81.2
60.0
98.0
148.2
148.7
66.1
132.7
143.5
55.7
62.4
75.9
75.0
101.7
111.0
58.4
126.7
52.2
54.4
93.4
80.2

89.1
89.4
85.9
91.0
132.3
76.7
75.6
115.8
117.3
90.7
86.1
106.7
97.8
91.2
90.4
84.2
88.1
98.1
109.2
89.8
88.2
89.5
142.7
110.3
144.8
158.8
76.3
96.7
96.2
89.4
88.0
87.0
91.1
72.4
131.5
90.7
74.5
88.3
86.4
87.3
115.9
68.1
172.4
79.1
81.0
82.6
152.6
88.3
85.9
129.2
85.7
121.8
99.4
90.1
90.7
87.2
89.7
90.3
74.6

95.3
97.8
98.0
104.2
97.6
93.7
95.3
97.7
97.6
95.3
93.1
103.5
97.9
98.7
98.0
98.1
98.0
99.0
97.9
98.7
97.8
95.3
104.3
98.5
103.0
101.6
95.3
97.9
97.9
95.3
99.4
102.9
104.2
93.5
97.6
98.7
90.4
98.4
98.2
97.6
97.6
92.9
106.1
93.0
98.3
102.9
102.6
95.3
98.0
97.6
98.1
101.4
99.4
97.8
99.5
93.3
98.2
94.1
94.7

108.3
111.8
104.1
126.0
117.6
112.0
103.9
118.6
106.3
109.4
110.2
126.0
118.0
105.1
112.8
115.8
112.4
121.6
117.1
107.1
109.7
117.6
123.2
123.7
110.2
127.5
109.4
106.3
109.1
108.7
108.0
125.5
127.5
108.0
110.4
111.5
108.0
109.2
110.9
112.5
108.9
112.6
134.4
120.3
109.1
129.6
128.3
102.6
108.1
113.7
111.8
120.5
120.8
106.7
123.6
104.0
105.1
113.3
110.7

1.9
4.6
4.1
3.8
4.9
3.3
4.0
4.3
2.9
3.0
7.3
5.3
3.9
7.6
5.7
5.4
3.6
6.1
2.4
3.8
3.0
2.6
1.6
4.0
-1.7
1.0
2.0
2.3
6.5
2.8
5.5
2.1
1.7
1.5
3.3
5.2
2.1
1.2
3.2
4.2
5.2
2.9
3.2
3.7
5.2
2.6
0.8
3.9
1.8
4.3
4.6
-2.3
4.2
3.5
4.5
4.0
4.3
3.3
3.5

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 4. Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators, by Metropolitan Area, 2023
Implicit regional price deflators1

Regional price parities
All items
Cedar Rapids, IA
Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA
Champaign-Urbana, IL
Charleston, WV
Charleston-North Charleston, SC
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC
Charlottesville, VA
Chattanooga, TN-GA
Cheyenne, WY
Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI
Chico, CA
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN
Clarksville, TN-KY
Cleveland, TN
Cleveland-Elyria, OH
Coeur d'Alene, ID
College Station-Bryan, TX
Colorado Springs, CO
Columbia, MO
Columbia, SC
Columbus, GA-AL
Columbus, IN
Columbus, OH
Corpus Christi, TX
Corvallis, OR
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL
Cumberland, MD-WV
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Dalton, GA
Danville, IL
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL
Dayton-Kettering, OH
Decatur, AL
Decatur, IL
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI
Dothan, AL
Dover, DE
Dubuque, IA
Duluth, MN-WI
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC
East Stroudsburg, PA
Eau Claire, WI
El Centro, CA
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY
Elkhart-Goshen, IN
Elmira, NY
El Paso, TX
Enid, OK
Erie, PA
Eugene-Springfield, OR
Evansville, IN-KY
Fairbanks, AK
Fargo, ND-MN
Farmington, NM
Fayetteville, NC
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR
Flagstaff, AZ
Flint, MI

90.0
93.9
90.8
88.4
100.6
97.0
98.6
92.8
90.9
102.6
104.6
94.1
92.1
90.9
93.0
96.9
90.7
97.4
89.3
92.9
88.8
90.3
94.5
91.3
106.4
98.0
85.8
103.3
90.3
86.8
94.7
89.3
92.3
90.1
86.6
98.7
105.5
92.7
98.0
88.3
91.7
89.1
87.0
96.6
95.7
91.4
100.1
89.4
92.6
92.2
90.2
86.1
91.5
103.5
89.8
99.4
89.4
86.5
91.4
91.0
91.3
89.8

Goods
95.1
98.5
92.5
95.4
95.6
96.3
96.7
94.5
94.8
103.3
104.6
93.5
94.9
94.8
93.3
93.9
91.9
94.3
95.2
95.6
96.0
94.1
93.3
91.9
104.6
95.6
96.3
105.0
95.9
92.5
95.1
94.9
93.3
95.1
92.5
95.6
101.3
95.1
98.0
95.1
95.9
95.1
95.8
96.5
98.5
93.1
104.6
95.2
94.1
98.1
91.9
92.2
98.5
104.6
94.1
100.3
95.9
95.4
96.5
92.1
95.1
93.3

Services
Housing
71.3
70.6
68.7
50.5
123.3
97.0
104.6
78.3
74.8
110.7
100.8
83.8
75.7
69.9
79.5
117.1
77.6
123.2
65.9
78.4
58.4
63.2
87.1
81.0
119.1
99.1
49.2
117.8
62.9
52.7
86.2
65.9
75.0
58.4
55.0
104.0
146.1
86.1
93.0
56.2
69.4
67.9
64.5
94.0
83.5
68.8
77.8
57.7
77.1
67.6
75.5
58.2
61.6
101.8
60.2
79.5
73.4
57.7
70.0
75.8
81.5
65.0

Utilities
88.5
117.9
88.9
88.2
85.5
85.4
89.1
78.8
73.4
77.7
147.2
88.3
78.0
76.3
88.9
68.3
89.4
79.6
88.4
85.6
88.7
87.7
89.8
88.5
92.1
92.3
95.5
96.7
88.5
87.6
89.1
92.1
89.6
90.2
89.4
90.5
96.1
88.5
107.5
88.4
95.8
85.0
90.0
85.3
114.1
91.2
136.8
80.5
87.3
130.8
91.2
80.5
116.2
88.0
86.9
119.9
78.5
77.0
83.1
82.1
84.7
97.2

Other
93.1
97.6
98.2
99.4
97.4
98.0
98.4
97.7
94.7
101.4
104.3
97.9
97.8
97.6
97.8
92.9
95.3
93.0
93.3
97.4
98.2
97.6
97.8
95.3
104.2
99.5
99.4
98.3
98.0
98.2
98.7
93.9
97.8
98.7
98.2
99.5
98.9
93.1
99.1
98.7
97.7
93.1
91.6
98.1
97.6
98.0
104.3
98.3
97.6
97.6
95.3
95.4
97.6
104.2
97.7
103.5
90.6
93.7
98.1
95.2
93.3
97.9

All items
108.4
113.2
109.4
106.5
121.3
116.9
118.8
111.8
109.6
123.6
126.1
113.4
111.0
109.5
112.1
116.7
109.3
117.4
107.6
112.0
107.0
108.8
113.9
110.0
128.2
118.1
103.4
124.5
108.8
104.6
114.1
107.6
111.2
108.6
104.4
119.0
127.1
111.6
118.1
106.4
110.4
107.3
104.8
116.4
115.3
110.1
120.6
107.7
111.5
111.1
108.7
103.8
110.3
124.7
108.2
119.7
107.7
104.2
110.1
109.6
110.0
108.2

Percent
change from
previous year
3.8
3.9
3.0
3.7
5.4
4.0
4.9
4.1
0.2
0.7
4.2
4.4
5.0
5.7
3.7
7.3
1.9
4.4
5.5
3.2
3.1
3.8
4.2
1.4
4.1
3.8
2.6
3.5
3.7
2.5
7.7
4.4
4.7
7.0
2.9
3.7
2.0
4.4
5.6
7.5
0.0
7.0
2.1
3.9
5.3
4.1
3.8
4.3
4.8
3.1
3.0
4.5
4.8
2.6
4.8
4.5
5.5
1.7
4.1
3.9
-0.8
2.6

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 4. Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators, by Metropolitan Area, 2023
Implicit regional price deflators1

Regional price parities
All items
Florence, SC
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL
Fond du Lac, WI
Fort Collins, CO
Fort Smith, AR-OK
Fort Wayne, IN
Fresno, CA
Gadsden, AL
Gainesville, FL
Gainesville, GA
Gettysburg, PA
Glens Falls, NY
Goldsboro, NC
Grand Forks, ND-MN
Grand Island, NE
Grand Junction, CO
Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI
Grants Pass, OR
Great Falls, MT
Greeley, CO
Green Bay, WI
Greensboro-High Point, NC
Greenville, NC
Greenville-Anderson, SC
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV
Hammond, LA
Hanford-Corcoran, CA
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA
Harrisonburg, VA
Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT
Hattiesburg, MS
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton, SC
Hinesville, GA
Homosassa Springs, FL
Hot Springs, AR
Houma-Thibodaux, LA
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH
Huntsville, AL
Idaho Falls, ID
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN
Iowa City, IA
Ithaca, NY
Jackson, MI
Jackson, MS
Jackson, TN
Jacksonville, FL
Jacksonville, NC
Janesville-Beloit, WI
Jefferson City, MO
Johnson City, TN
Johnstown, PA
Jonesboro, AR
Joplin, MO
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI
Kankakee, IL
Kansas City, MO-KS
Kennewick-Richland, WA
Killeen-Temple, TX

88.0
85.6
92.8
96.6
85.1
90.0
104.0
87.0
96.9
96.1
92.7
93.6
89.7
86.2
87.3
92.1
95.2
100.7
92.6
96.0
92.1
92.7
91.6
92.8
89.3
95.1
87.5
98.4
96.5
93.2
102.6
89.3
89.2
95.7
93.9
95.4
85.8
88.6
100.2
88.4
94.4
89.9
94.6
91.8
98.9
92.7
90.7
87.3
99.2
91.6
91.4
87.7
88.9
88.1
85.7
85.6
106.3
94.0
92.3
93.3
99.0
91.8

Goods
95.6
95.1
93.1
94.3
92.1
94.1
104.6
95.1
95.6
95.9
98.5
98.1
96.5
95.9
95.3
94.3
93.3
104.6
94.3
94.3
93.1
96.5
96.5
95.6
94.9
95.9
92.0
104.6
98.5
96.7
97.4
94.9
96.5
95.6
95.9
95.6
92.1
92.0
103.4
95.6
95.1
93.9
94.1
95.1
98.1
93.3
94.9
94.8
95.6
96.5
93.1
95.2
94.8
98.5
92.1
95.2
106.9
93.3
92.5
95.0
104.8
91.9

Services
Housing
57.2
42.0
77.6
116.9
50.8
62.3
96.5
49.2
92.5
91.8
64.3
73.6
59.6
56.9
60.8
87.8
90.8
87.1
89.2
113.0
73.9
74.1
70.2
76.9
61.0
82.9
62.4
68.7
85.6
75.2
108.5
62.1
60.1
93.2
82.5
85.4
56.9
67.5
106.5
50.0
81.1
79.2
86.9
81.6
101.3
77.9
67.1
56.6
108.0
71.3
70.7
57.6
63.6
47.2
55.5
50.8
112.2
82.5
74.0
88.1
83.2
83.4

Utilities
85.8
90.6
90.2
78.9
81.2
86.7
143.8
92.1
92.9
88.9
115.9
130.7
82.8
77.3
77.0
80.3
93.6
88.3
72.8
79.0
90.4
84.5
82.8
86.7
82.9
91.4
75.6
138.8
118.3
88.2
151.5
83.0
83.0
85.6
85.2
92.3
80.7
75.4
95.1
86.2
89.9
67.9
87.3
87.8
131.3
99.7
84.8
75.7
91.8
82.2
90.7
86.2
76.6
118.5
80.3
86.7
187.5
98.8
85.7
92.0
82.0
88.1

Other
97.4
98.7
98.0
93.0
95.3
97.6
104.3
98.7
99.5
98.0
97.6
97.6
98.1
90.7
92.7
93.0
97.9
104.2
93.5
93.0
98.0
98.1
98.1
97.4
98.2
99.4
95.3
104.3
97.6
98.4
102.6
98.2
98.1
97.4
98.0
99.5
95.2
95.3
96.3
99.4
98.7
92.9
97.6
93.1
97.6
97.9
98.2
97.6
99.5
98.1
98.0
93.3
97.6
97.6
95.2
93.3
101.9
97.9
98.2
93.6
102.9
95.3

All items
106.0
103.2
111.9
116.4
102.5
108.4
125.3
104.9
116.8
115.8
111.7
112.7
108.1
103.9
105.1
111.0
114.7
121.3
111.6
115.7
110.9
111.7
110.4
111.8
107.7
114.6
105.4
118.6
116.3
112.3
123.6
107.6
107.5
115.3
113.1
115.0
103.4
106.7
120.8
106.6
113.7
108.4
114.0
110.6
119.2
111.7
109.3
105.2
119.5
110.4
110.1
105.6
107.1
106.1
103.2
103.2
128.1
113.2
111.2
112.4
119.3
110.6

Percent
change from
previous year
4.0
5.2
7.7
2.1
2.8
0.7
2.6
9.8
4.4
3.0
0.9
4.9
4.3
3.0
4.4
2.0
4.7
1.7
5.4
5.0
5.5
4.0
8.0
3.6
4.3
5.7
1.8
-0.2
4.5
1.9
1.6
4.1
3.5
0.0
3.2
4.7
3.3
4.0
5.2
3.7
5.5
2.7
4.6
4.4
4.1
5.2
4.1
4.4
4.5
3.0
3.3
4.6
5.5
4.6
2.8
4.7
1.4
2.9
3.9
5.2
-1.6
4.2

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 4. Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators, by Metropolitan Area, 2023
Implicit regional price deflators1

Regional price parities
All items
Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA
Kingston, NY
Knoxville, TN
Kokomo, IN
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN
Lafayette, LA
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN
Lake Charles, LA
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL
Lancaster, PA
Lansing-East Lansing, MI
Laredo, TX
Las Cruces, NM
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV
Lawrence, KS
Lawton, OK
Lebanon, PA
Lewiston, ID-WA
Lewiston-Auburn, ME
Lexington-Fayette, KY
Lima, OH
Lincoln, NE
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR
Logan, UT-ID
Longview, TX
Longview, WA
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN
Lubbock, TX
Lynchburg, VA
Macon-Bibb County, GA
Madera, CA
Madison, WI
Manchester-Nashua, NH
Manhattan, KS
Mankato, MN
Mansfield, OH
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
Medford, OR
Memphis, TN-MS-AR
Merced, CA
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
Michigan City-La Porte, IN
Midland, MI
Midland, TX
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI
Missoula, MT
Mobile, AL
Modesto, CA
Monroe, LA
Monroe, MI
Montgomery, AL
Morgantown, WV
Morristown, TN
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA
Muncie, IN
Muskegon, MI
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC
Napa, CA
Naples-Marco Island, FL

85.4
99.0
92.8
89.7
91.3
87.0
91.5
86.7
89.9
97.4
96.3
92.8
87.8
89.3
97.4
91.0
87.6
95.3
87.2
100.1
93.1
87.6
92.0
89.1
92.9
88.4
99.4
115.5
94.0
90.9
90.3
90.0
102.9
95.8
105.1
90.3
87.6
86.6
85.6
103.3
92.4
99.5
111.8
92.1
90.6
94.8
95.5
104.5
93.1
89.4
105.0
83.6
93.2
90.8
92.3
87.7
106.0
88.8
91.7
92.8
111.8
105.8

Goods
95.1
98.1
94.8
94.1
93.0
92.0
94.1
92.0
95.1
95.6
98.5
93.3
91.9
95.4
94.6
94.8
92.2
98.5
94.1
96.6
95.2
93.3
95.3
92.1
93.1
91.9
104.8
107.9
95.0
91.9
96.7
95.9
104.6
93.1
97.4
94.8
95.9
93.3
91.9
104.6
94.8
104.6
102.9
94.1
93.3
91.9
93.1
104.8
94.3
95.1
104.6
92.0
93.3
95.1
95.4
94.8
104.8
94.1
93.3
95.8
104.6
95.6

Services
Housing
51.0
101.4
79.1
61.9
71.2
59.4
71.0
57.0
77.8
95.9
84.9
76.5
64.3
71.3
116.1
74.2
62.7
77.9
69.3
95.1
74.4
52.9
83.6
67.3
92.2
66.0
86.5
173.0
81.1
77.2
64.4
64.0
91.4
96.0
127.8
71.9
64.0
49.5
57.0
100.9
77.5
76.9
156.4
75.0
65.5
101.9
94.1
110.3
92.8
60.4
103.7
44.2
77.8
65.7
66.1
57.4
121.6
61.2
73.5
80.7
161.9
146.2

Utilities
79.6
132.0
76.5
87.3
89.5
75.8
87.4
75.4
82.6
91.2
116.3
95.5
88.6
77.2
91.1
94.6
80.0
118.5
69.0
145.7
81.4
89.5
81.0
81.5
72.9
89.4
82.9
135.3
82.2
90.2
88.4
89.4
144.4
89.9
151.1
92.6
91.1
90.4
88.1
88.8
77.5
142.7
98.1
88.0
96.2
89.9
91.5
90.9
73.4
90.1
134.8
76.8
95.5
90.8
90.1
76.1
85.1
87.2
93.1
84.8
138.7
91.0

Other
97.8
97.6
97.6
97.6
97.9
95.3
97.6
95.3
93.3
99.5
97.6
97.9
95.3
93.7
94.1
94.1
95.4
97.6
93.0
103.0
98.3
97.8
92.7
95.2
94.3
95.3
102.9
107.1
98.4
95.3
98.4
98.0
104.3
98.0
103.8
94.1
91.6
97.8
95.3
104.2
97.7
104.3
105.8
97.6
97.9
95.3
98.0
103.3
93.5
98.7
104.3
95.3
97.9
98.7
99.4
97.6
102.9
97.6
97.9
97.6
104.3
99.5

All items
102.8
119.3
111.8
108.0
110.0
104.8
110.3
104.5
108.3
117.3
116.0
111.9
105.8
107.7
117.4
109.6
105.6
114.9
105.1
120.6
112.2
105.5
110.8
107.3
112.0
106.5
119.8
139.1
113.3
109.5
108.8
108.5
124.0
115.4
126.6
108.8
105.6
104.4
103.1
124.5
111.4
119.9
134.7
110.9
109.1
114.2
115.1
125.9
112.2
107.7
126.5
100.7
112.3
109.4
111.2
105.7
127.7
107.0
110.5
111.8
134.7
127.5

Percent
change from
previous year
2.7
3.5
5.4
7.2
3.8
0.8
3.3
0.7
0.6
5.1
3.5
2.5
1.2
6.9
4.8
2.4
6.6
6.5
6.3
2.6
5.9
1.6
3.7
3.5
4.0
6.0
1.8
5.8
5.6
3.0
3.0
3.6
3.7
4.0
0.9
4.7
2.3
2.5
2.5
1.4
4.4
0.4
3.8
7.8
6.5
2.6
4.2
5.7
7.2
6.0
2.8
-0.1
3.7
4.8
3.6
3.8
4.1
4.5
3.6
2.4
2.7
6.9

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 4. Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators, by Metropolitan Area, 2023
Implicit regional price deflators1

Regional price parities
All items
Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN
New Bern, NC
New Haven-Milford, CT
New Orleans-Metairie, LA
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA
Niles, MI
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL
Norwich-New London, CT
Ocala, FL
Ocean City, NJ
Odessa, TX
Ogden-Clearfield, UT
Oklahoma City, OK
Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI
Owensboro, KY
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL
Panama City, FL
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL
Peoria, IL
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD
Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ
Pine Bluff, AR
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsfield, MA
Pocatello, ID
Portland-South Portland, ME
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA
Port St. Lucie, FL
Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY
Prescott Valley-Prescott, AZ
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA
Provo-Orem, UT
Pueblo, CO
Punta Gorda, FL
Racine, WI
Raleigh-Cary, NC
Rapid City, SD
Reading, PA
Redding, CA
Reno, NV
Richmond, VA
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA
Roanoke, VA
Rochester, MN
Rochester, NY
Rockford, IL
Rocky Mount, NC
Rome, GA
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA
Saginaw, MI
St. Cloud, MN
St. George, UT
St. Joseph, MO-KS
St. Louis, MO-IL
Salem, OR
Salinas, CA
Salisbury, MD-DE

97.4
89.9
103.5
91.1
112.5
89.7
103.6
100.4
95.5
101.5
92.1
95.1
91.0
106.5
92.5
101.1
90.7
90.0
113.5
100.8
98.0
88.2
95.6
88.6
103.5
105.5
80.3
94.4
93.0
87.8
103.6
106.6
101.7
109.7
95.0
100.9
95.0
92.4
98.4
95.0
98.0
90.3
96.0
102.8
97.4
98.0
107.9
90.9
93.1
97.7
90.1
88.2
90.2
108.9
89.3
89.3
96.1
87.8
96.3
102.4
113.0
95.1

Goods
94.8
96.5
97.4
92.0
109.5
93.3
95.6
97.4
95.6
98.5
91.9
93.0
92.2
104.8
95.2
95.6
93.1
95.2
104.6
95.6
95.6
95.4
95.6
92.5
100.3
98.4
92.1
98.5
97.5
93.9
96.6
104.6
95.6
109.4
95.1
97.0
93.0
94.3
95.6
93.1
96.5
96.1
98.5
104.6
94.6
96.7
104.3
96.7
95.9
98.1
92.5
96.5
95.9
104.6
93.3
95.9
93.0
95.1
101.9
104.6
104.6
96.2

Services
Housing
107.3
66.0
113.5
79.7
149.3
64.1
137.6
93.9
86.0
111.4
83.5
107.0
78.1
125.9
87.3
121.0
65.4
58.9
177.7
118.9
99.3
50.1
84.6
57.8
117.8
124.3
39.2
73.5
60.7
70.9
119.6
124.6
122.5
119.0
100.6
98.9
107.4
90.1
101.9
92.0
104.0
77.1
82.7
90.5
118.7
101.0
132.0
67.6
92.9
93.5
64.9
51.8
60.4
133.5
59.3
74.9
110.4
59.3
80.3
95.3
166.6
86.8

Utilities
76.5
83.0
150.9
77.2
130.0
95.4
91.0
155.7
92.8
110.4
90.2
73.3
80.5
81.9
81.3
91.3
89.0
81.2
130.2
91.2
91.3
90.8
92.7
88.3
119.9
83.0
81.8
117.9
152.8
68.0
141.9
91.0
91.5
137.0
85.4
147.9
72.7
79.8
90.0
89.8
84.4
81.1
118.7
142.4
88.5
88.8
156.6
89.5
90.1
131.6
85.5
85.3
89.6
132.7
96.7
90.6
71.6
90.5
81.9
90.4
135.2
97.1

Other
97.6
98.1
102.6
95.3
105.8
97.9
99.5
102.6
99.5
97.9
95.3
94.4
95.4
102.9
92.7
99.5
98.0
98.3
104.3
99.5
99.5
99.4
99.5
98.2
101.5
106.2
95.2
97.6
101.6
92.9
103.0
103.9
99.5
106.4
93.3
102.2
94.4
93.0
99.5
98.0
98.1
91.8
97.6
104.3
94.1
98.4
101.6
98.4
91.6
97.6
98.2
98.1
98.0
104.3
97.9
91.6
94.4
93.3
98.2
104.2
104.3
98.3

All items
117.4
108.4
124.7
109.8
135.5
108.1
124.9
121.0
115.1
122.3
110.9
114.6
109.6
128.3
111.5
121.8
109.3
108.5
136.7
121.5
118.1
106.3
115.1
106.8
124.8
127.1
96.8
113.8
112.0
105.7
124.8
128.5
122.5
132.2
114.5
121.5
114.5
111.3
118.6
114.5
118.1
108.8
115.7
123.9
117.4
118.1
130.0
109.6
112.2
117.7
108.5
106.3
108.7
131.2
107.6
107.6
115.7
105.8
116.0
123.4
136.1
114.6

Percent
change from
previous year
4.7
2.9
2.1
1.1
3.3
5.6
5.9
0.4
5.5
2.1
1.6
4.7
3.4
2.8
4.3
4.4
3.1
5.8
2.9
5.3
4.3
5.0
4.0
2.3
6.8
5.5
2.4
4.5
-3.5
4.3
2.6
1.7
7.3
3.5
6.5
1.1
3.9
6.1
6.5
8.5
3.4
3.4
3.5
2.9
2.9
4.2
5.0
2.3
5.0
6.4
3.0
4.8
3.1
2.9
6.3
1.0
5.1
4.6
3.4
1.4
3.7
3.7

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 4. Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators, by Metropolitan Area, 2023
Implicit regional price deflators1

Regional price parities
All items
Salt Lake City, UT
San Angelo, TX
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA
San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
Santa Fe, NM
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA
Savannah, GA
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL
Sebring-Avon Park, FL
Sheboygan, WI
Sherman-Denison, TX
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA
Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD
Sioux Falls, SD
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI
Spartanburg, SC
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA
Springfield, IL
Springfield, MA
Springfield, MO
Springfield, OH
State College, PA
Staunton, VA
Stockton, CA
Sumter, SC
Syracuse, NY
Tallahassee, FL
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Terre Haute, IN
Texarkana, TX-AR
The Villages, FL
Toledo, OH
Topeka, KS
Trenton-Princeton, NJ
Tucson, AZ
Tulsa, OK
Tuscaloosa, AL
Twin Falls, ID
Tyler, TX
Urban Honolulu, HI
Utica-Rome, NY
Valdosta, GA
Vallejo, CA
Victoria, TX
Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC
Visalia, CA
Waco, TX
Walla Walla, WA
Warner Robins, GA
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA
Watertown-Fort Drum, NY
Wausau-Weston, WI

96.4
90.9
93.7
111.5
118.2
112.9
110.8
112.6
93.4
113.5
110.1
95.6
93.0
113.0
96.9
91.3
90.8
91.8
87.1
86.7
88.1
90.3
91.4
90.6
101.0
90.5
98.4
89.3
88.7
93.2
92.6
107.4
86.3
95.2
95.3
103.4
88.2
85.3
94.3
90.4
85.9
102.1
94.3
89.5
90.0
88.6
92.4
110.2
92.3
86.7
109.2
90.6
93.7
97.4
101.3
90.8
98.0
91.6
108.6
88.0
90.5
90.1

Goods
93.0
91.9
91.9
103.5
117.2
104.6
104.6
104.6
95.4
104.6
104.6
95.9
98.5
107.9
95.6
95.6
93.1
91.9
92.0
95.1
95.2
96.1
93.9
95.6
104.8
92.5
97.5
95.2
93.3
98.5
96.7
104.6
95.6
98.1
95.6
101.3
94.1
92.0
95.6
93.3
94.8
98.5
95.1
92.2
95.1
93.9
91.9
106.9
98.1
95.9
104.6
91.9
98.5
96.7
104.6
91.9
104.8
95.9
105.0
95.1
98.1
93.1

Services
Housing
118.6
78.9
94.2
185.8
200.2
213.0
149.6
175.1
90.9
175.5
146.6
89.9
68.8
151.5
93.3
66.5
67.3
82.9
59.7
63.9
62.2
74.8
71.4
69.2
93.6
65.2
84.1
68.0
58.5
72.4
75.1
120.2
54.2
79.6
82.8
123.3
55.9
54.9
80.2
65.5
53.4
128.1
98.0
69.4
63.1
74.2
86.0
143.7
67.5
51.8
135.7
76.6
75.5
97.5
82.9
78.3
77.8
70.0
151.3
62.2
64.2
65.4

Utilities
72.9
89.4
88.5
154.2
157.5
135.2
127.1
133.8
75.9
128.0
136.0
86.5
116.7
85.3
92.1
92.0
88.8
89.6
78.1
86.4
85.3
81.0
88.3
86.1
82.4
87.7
155.2
86.4
90.9
118.4
89.3
139.0
86.0
131.7
93.0
95.3
87.4
86.0
91.2
89.3
93.8
111.9
83.0
80.9
90.3
68.1
89.8
189.9
131.3
85.5
136.1
89.2
109.0
88.5
140.7
88.8
82.6
85.6
105.8
86.8
129.4
89.7

Other
94.4
95.3
95.3
100.7
105.7
104.3
104.3
104.3
93.7
104.3
104.3
98.0
97.6
108.2
99.5
99.5
98.0
95.3
95.3
93.3
92.8
91.8
97.6
97.4
102.9
98.2
101.6
93.3
97.8
97.6
98.4
104.3
97.4
97.6
99.5
99.4
97.6
95.3
99.5
97.8
94.1
97.9
93.3
95.4
98.7
92.9
95.3
101.9
97.6
98.0
104.3
95.3
97.9
98.4
104.3
95.3
102.9
98.0
101.7
93.1
97.6
98.0

All items
116.2
109.5
112.9
134.3
142.5
136.0
133.5
135.7
112.5
136.7
132.6
115.2
112.0
136.1
116.8
110.0
109.4
110.6
105.0
104.4
106.2
108.8
110.1
109.2
121.7
109.1
118.6
107.6
106.8
112.3
111.6
129.4
103.9
114.7
114.8
124.6
106.3
102.8
113.6
108.9
103.5
123.0
113.7
107.8
108.4
106.7
111.3
132.8
111.2
104.5
131.6
109.2
113.0
117.3
122.1
109.4
118.1
110.3
130.9
106.0
109.1
108.6

Percent
change from
previous year
4.4
1.9
2.4
1.0
3.9
1.7
2.1
1.9
2.1
3.4
1.6
3.2
5.0
2.8
5.5
5.4
5.1
3.1
1.9
2.2
4.3
3.9
2.8
3.0
2.3
4.7
3.1
6.8
3.7
0.4
5.1
2.8
1.7
5.7
4.8
7.5
5.4
3.8
7.4
3.9
2.0
5.2
4.4
2.6
7.1
1.2
4.2
1.2
6.6
0.4
0.7
3.4
4.8
3.2
2.7
1.1
1.2
2.7
1.4
3.9
0.1
3.3

THURSDAY, December 12, 2024

Table 4. Regional Price Parities and Implicit Regional Price Deflators, by Metropolitan Area, 2023
Implicit regional price deflators1

Regional price parities

Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH
Wenatchee, WA
Wheeling, WV-OH
Wichita, KS
Wichita Falls, TX
Williamsport, PA
Wilmington, NC
Winchester, VA-WV
Winston-Salem, NC
Worcester, MA-CT
Yakima, WA
York-Hanover, PA
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA
Yuba City, CA
Yuma, AZ

88.8
102.0
89.0
89.5
88.9
92.7
97.1
94.3
91.4
102.0
98.0
96.6
86.0
103.6
87.5

95.8
104.8
95.7
94.8
91.9
98.5
96.5
96.5
96.5
97.5
104.8
98.5
93.1
104.6
95.1

51.1
97.6
50.9
66.0
65.9
66.8
98.2
80.2
68.8
106.8
80.1
86.8
50.7
94.9
65.5

90.4
84.9
90.3
92.8
89.8
117.1
82.7
89.0
83.5
156.9
81.3
115.9
91.5
144.6
81.3

99.5
102.9
99.4
94.1
95.3
97.6
98.1
98.6
98.1
101.7
102.9
97.6
97.8
104.3
93.3

107.0
122.9
107.2
107.8
107.1
111.7
117.1
113.7
110.1
122.9
118.1
116.4
103.6
124.9
105.4

Percent
change from
previous year
3.5
2.8
3.6
4.5
4.4
7.3
4.0
2.1
3.0
1.1
0.9
5.0
2.9
4.8
5.7

Maximum
Minimum
Range

118.2
80.3
37.9

117.2
91.9
25.3

213.0
39.2
173.8

189.9
67.9
122.1

108.2
90.4
17.8

142.5
96.8
45.7

9.8
-3.5
13.3

All items

Goods

Services
Housing

Utilities

Other

All items

1. The implicit price deflator for the United States is equal to the national personal consumption expenditures price index, with a base of 2017.
2. The U.S. all items regional price parities is the average price level across all metropolitan areas and the U.S. nonmetropolitan portion.
Note. Metropolitan areas are defined (geographically delineated) by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Bulletin No. 20-01, issued March 6, 2020.
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis