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EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EDT, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 31, 2008
James E. Rankin:
Brendan Leary:

(202) 606-5301 (Personal Income)
(202) 606-5302 (Personal Outlays)

BEA 08-49

PERSONAL INCOME AND OUTLAYS: SEPTEMBER 2008
Personal income increased $24.5 billion, or 0.2 percent, and disposable personal income (DPI)
increased $25.7 billion, or 0.2 percent, in September, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) decreased $33.6 billion, or 0.3 percent. In August, personal
income increased $44.8 billion, or 0.4 percent, DPI decreased $107.7 billion, or 1.0 percent, and PCE
increased $4.5 billion, or less than 0.1 percent, based on revised estimates. Excluding the rebate
payments under the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008, DPI increased $30.3 billion, or 0.3 percent in
September, and increased $44.0 billion, or 0.4 percent in August.
Real DPI increased 0.1 percent in September, in contrast to a decrease of 1.0 percent in August.
Real PCE decreased 0.4 percent, in contrast to an increase of less than 0.1 percent.
2008
June
July
Aug.
May
(Percent change from preceding month)
Personal income, current dollars
Disposable personal income:
Current dollars
Chained (2000) dollars
Personal consumption expenditures:
Current dollars
Chained (2000) dollars

Sept.

1.9

0.1

-0.8

0.4

0.2

5.7
5.3

-1.8
-2.5

-1.0
-1.6

-1.0
-1.0

0.2
0.1

0.7
0.2

0.5
-0.2

0.0
-0.6

0.0
0.0

-0.3
-0.4

NOTE.--Monthly estimates are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual rates, unless otherwise specified.
Month-to-month dollar changes are differences between these published estimates. Month-to-month
percent changes are calculated from unrounded data and are not annualized. “Real” estimates are in
chained (2000) dollars.
This news release is available on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov/newsreleases/rels.htm.

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-2-

The September estimate of personal income reflects the effects of Hurricane Ike, which struck the
Gulf Coast region, especially impacting coastal Texas and Louisiana, on September 13, 2008. Rental
income of persons was reduced by about $27 billion (at an annual rate) and proprietors’ income was
reduced by about $9 billion (at an annual rate) to reflect uninsured losses of residential and business
property. “Other current transfer receipts from business (net)” was boosted by about $27 billion (at an
annual rate) to reflect insurance benefits paid to persons. The net effect of these adjustments was to
lower September personal income $8.5 billion. Because other effects of the hurricane were embedded
in BEA’s source data and could not be separately identified, BEA did not attempt to quantify their
impact.
For more information on how disasters are treated in the national accounts, see FAQs on
“Disasters” on BEA’s Web site.

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-3-

Wages and salaries
Private wage and salary disbursements increased $0.3 billion in September, compared with an
increase of $24.1 billion in August. Goods-producing industries' payrolls decreased $4.0 billion, in
contrast to an increase of $5.1 billion; manufacturing payrolls decreased $2.6 billion, compared with
a decrease of $1.3 billion. Services-producing industries' payrolls increased $4.3 billion, compared
with an increase of $19.0 billion. Government wage and salary disbursements increased $4.0
billion, compared with an increase of $4.6 billion.

Other personal income
Supplements to wages and salaries increased $1.2 billion in September, compared with an increase
of $3.1 billion in August.
Proprietors' income decreased $3.4 billion in September, compared with a decrease of $10.8
billion in August. Farm proprietors' income decreased $3.5 billion, compared with a decrease of
$3.3 billion. Nonfarm proprietors' income increased $0.1 billion, in contrast to a decrease of $7.5
billion. Nonfarm proprietors’ income was reduced $8.8 billion (at an annual rate) in September to
reflect uninsured losses of business property from the impact of Hurricane Ike. (Proprietors’ income
is reported net of such losses.)
Rental income of persons decreased $24.0 billion in September, in contrast to an increase of
$2.4 billion in August. Rental income was reduced $26.6 billion (at an annual rate) in September to
reflect uninsured losses of residential property from the impacts of the hurricane.
Personal income receipts on assets (personal interest income plus personal dividend income)
increased $9.1 billion in September, compared with an increase of $8.9 billion in August.
Personal current transfer receipts increased $37.3 billion in September, compared with an
increase of $15.6 billion in August. Personal current transfer receipts was boosted $26.9 billion (at
an annual rate) in September to reflect increases in insurance benefits paid to persons for damage to
insured property from the impact of Hurricane Ike. The September and August changes reflected
provisions of the Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2008, which provided up to 13 weeks of
additional unemployment compensation benefits to those who exhausted their regular
unemployment benefits. The additional unemployment benefits boosted the level of personal
current transfer receipts by $19.2 billion in September, by $17.6 billion in August, and by $4.3
billion in July. The September and August changes also reflected provisions of the Economic
Stimulus Act of 2008, which boosted the level of personal current transfer receipts by $3.9 billion
(at an annual rate) in September, by $5.1 billion in August, and by $4.2 billion in July (see the box
on page 6).

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Contributions for government social insurance -- a subtraction in calculating personal income -decreased $0.1 billion in September, in contrast to an increase of $3.2 billion in August.

Personal current taxes and disposable personal income
Personal current taxes decreased $1.1 billion in September, in contrast to an increase of $152.4
billion in August. Provisions of the Economic Stimulus Act reduced the level of personal taxes by
$3.9 billion (at an annual rate) in September, by $7.3 billion in August, and by $159.9 billion in
July. The reduction in current personal taxes reflected rebate payments to eligible individual
taxpayers (see the box on page 6). Disposable personal income (DPI) -- personal income less
personal current taxes -- increased $25.7 billion, or 0.2 percent, in September, in contrast to a
decrease of $107.7 billion, or 1.0 percent, in August.

Personal outlays and personal saving
Personal outlays -- PCE, personal interest payments, and personal current transfer payments
decreased $32.0 billion in September, in contrast to an increase of $6.0 billion in August. PCE
decreased $33.6 billion, in contrast to an increase of $4.5 billion.
Personal saving -- DPI less personal outlays -- was $140.3 billion in September, compared with
$82.5 billion in August. Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income was 1.3
percent in September, compared with 0.8 percent in August. Saving from current income may be
near zero or negative when outlays are financed by borrowing (including borrowing financed
through credit cards or home equity loans), by selling investments or other assets, or by using
savings from previous periods. For more information, see the FAQs on “Personal Saving” on
BEA’s Web site. For a comparison of personal saving in BEA’s national income and product
accounts with personal saving in the Federal Reserve Board’s flow of funds accounts, go to
http://www.bea.gov/bea/dn/nipaweb/Nipa-Frb.asp.

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-5-

Real DPI and real PCE
Real DPI -- DPI adjusted to remove price changes -- increased 0.1 percent in September, in
contrast to a decrease of 1.0 percent in August. Excluding the rebate payments under the Economic
Stimulus Act of 2008, which increased government social benefit payments and reduced personal
current taxes, real DPI increased 0.2 percent in September, and increased 0.4 percent in August.
Real PCE -- PCE adjusted to remove price changes -- decreased 0.4 percent in September, in
contrast to an increase of less than 0.1 percent in August. Purchases of durable goods decreased 2.9
percent, in contrast to an increase of 1.9 percent. Purchases of motor vehicles and parts accounted
for most of the decrease in September and more than accounted the increase in August. Purchases of
nondurable goods decreased 0.8 percent in September, compared with a decrease of 0.3 percent in
August. Purchases of services increased 0.2 percent, in contrast to a decrease of 0.1 percent.
PCE price index - - The price index for PCE increased 0.1 percent in September, compared
with an increase of less than 0.1 percent in August. The PCE price index, excluding food and
energy increased 0.2 percent in September, the same increase as in August.

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Revisions
Estimates have been revised for July and August. Changes in personal income, current-dollar
and chained (2000) dollar DPI, and current-dollar and chained (2000) dollar PCE for July and
August -- revised and as published in last month's release -- are shown below.
Change from preceding month
July
Previous

Revised

(Billions of dollars)

Personal Income:
Current dollars......................
Disposable personal income:
Current dollars......................
Chained (2000) dollars.........

-69.0

August

Previous Revised
(Percent)

(Billions of dollars)

-92.7

-0.6

-0.8

-91.0 -106.6
-130.5 -140.5

-0.8
-1.5

-1.0
-1.6

0.1
-0.5

0.0
-0.6

Personal consumption expenditures:
Current dollars......................
14.2
Chained (2000) dollars.........
-41.4

2.5
-48.4

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Previous Revised

61.5

Previous Revised
(Percent)

44.8

0.5

0.4

-93.3 -107.7
-78.8 -89.3

-0.9
-0.9

-1.0
-1.0

0.0
0.0

0.0
0.0

3.9
0.3

4.5
1.9

-7-

Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 provides rebate payments to eligible individual taxpayers as
well as tax reductions for businesses. For individuals, the amount of the rebate is determined by information
reported on tax filings for 2007 and is based on filing status, level of adjusted gross income, and the number
of qualifying children. According to the Joint Committee on Taxation and the Congressional Budget Office,
rebates to individuals are expected to total $106.7 billion for fiscal year 2008. The majority of rebates were
sent during the initial round of payments, which began April 28, 2008, and continued on a weekly basis
through mid-July 2008.
In the NIPAs, rebates for residents of the 50 states and the District of Columbia are recorded as
either an offset to personal current taxes or as a social benefit payment to persons. Rebates for individuals
with tax liabilities that exceed the rebate amount are treated as an offset to personal current taxes in the
NIPAs. Rebates for individuals who pay no income taxes (or for whom the rebate would exceed the amount
of the income taxes they do pay) are treated as a government social benefit payment to persons in the NIPAs.

BEA’s national, international, regional, and industry estimates; the Survey of Current Business;
and BEA news releases are available without charge on BEA’s Web site at www.bea.gov. By visiting
the site, you can also subscribe to receive free e-mail summaries of BEA releases and announcements.

*

*

*

Next release -- November 26, 2008, at 8:30 A.M. EST for
Personal Income and Outlays for October.

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Table 1. Personal Income and Its Disposition (Months)
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008
March

April

May

June

July r

11,952.4
8,005.2
6,513.0
5,402.9
1,215.9
747.2
4,187.0
1,047.4
3,139.6
1,110.1
1,492.3
1,016.2
476.1

11,999.0
8,039.4
6,545.7
5,432.2
1,221.2
750.0
4,211.0
1,053.9
3,157.1
1,113.4
1,493.7
1,015.7
478.0

12,033.6
8,049.3
6,549.9
5,431.8
1,214.2
747.2
4,217.6
1,049.1
3,168.5
1,118.1
1,499.4
1,021.5
477.9

12,258.4
8,073.5
6,570.3
5,446.7
1,216.4
748.7
4,230.3
1,048.2
3,182.1
1,123.6
1,503.2
1,024.4
478.8

12,274.6
8,092.5
6,585.7
5,457.4
1,218.3
749.6
4,239.0
1,050.6
3,188.4
1,128.4
1,506.8
1,027.4
479.4

12,181.9
8,112.6
6,602.7
5,468.9
1,221.6
751.0
4,247.3
1,049.8
3,197.5
1,133.8
1,509.9
1,029.8
480.1

12,226.7
8,144.4
6,631.4
5,493.0
1,226.7
749.7
4,266.3
1,052.2
3,214.1
1,138.4
1,513.0
1,031.3
481.7

12,251.2
8,149.8
6,635.6
5,493.3
1,222.7
747.1
4,270.6
1,051.9
3,218.7
1,142.4
1,514.2
1,032.6
481.6

1,069.1
42.1
1,027.0
38.8
2,054.2
1,224.6
829.6
1,776.6
1,744.3
1,030.6
38.2
675.5
32.3
991.5

1,071.4
41.0
1,030.4
40.5
2,051.7
1,217.2
834.5
1,791.3
1,758.9
1,042.5
39.3
677.1
32.4
995.3

1,071.2
39.4
1,031.9
49.1
2,051.8
1,213.0
838.8
1,807.5
1,775.1
1,041.0
40.6
693.5
32.4
995.2

1,076.1
38.4
1,037.7
58.3
2,052.3
1,208.7
843.6
1,995.3
1,962.9
1,051.8
41.5
869.6
32.4
997.2

1,083.5
36.1
1,047.4
68.3
2,052.8
1,204.5
848.3
1,976.0
1,943.5
1,057.0
42.0
844.5
32.4
998.5

1,088.3
34.5
1,053.8
70.7
2,061.6
1,218.4
843.2
1,848.8
1,816.3
1,067.4
47.6
701.4
32.5
1,000.1

1,077.5
31.2
1,046.3
73.1
2,070.5
1,232.3
838.2
1,864.4
1,831.8
1,067.5
62.5
701.8
32.6
1,003.3

1,074.1
27.7
1,046.4
49.1
2,079.6
1,246.2
833.4
1,901.7
1,842.2
1,072.0
66.1
704.0
59.5
1,003.2

February
Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ...............................................
Wage and salary disbursements .......................................................
Private industries...............................................................................
Goods-producing industries ...........................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................................
Services-producing industries........................................................
Trade, transportation, and utilities...............................................
Other services-producing industries ...........................................
Government.......................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.................................................
Employer contributions for employee pension and insurance funds..
Employer contributions for government social insurance ..................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustments.................................................................
Farm .....................................................................................................
Nonfarm................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment.....
Personal income receipts on assets ....................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts .......................................................
Government social benefits to persons ................................................
Old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance benefits .............
Government unemployment insurance benefits ................................
Other .................................................................................................
Other current transfer receipts, from business (net) .............................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance.......................

August r

September p

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

1,534.1

1,540.2

1,533.6

1,156.2

1,372.4

1,386.3

1,538.7

1,537.6

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

10,418.3

10,458.8

10,500.0

11,102.1

10,902.2

10,795.6

10,687.9

10,713.6

Less: Personal outlays .............................................................................
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................
Personal interest payments 1 ...................................................................
Personal current transfer payments .........................................................
To government ......................................................................................
To the rest of the world (net) .................................................................

10,385.2
9,982.7
1,075.4
2,935.1
5,972.2
261.7
140.8
82.9
57.9

10,436.3
10,039.7
1,065.3
2,970.2
6,004.2
255.6
141.0
83.1
57.9

10,474.2
10,073.5
1,063.2
2,990.4
6,019.9
254.7
146.1
83.4
62.7

10,544.3
10,144.2
1,065.5
3,025.4
6,053.3
253.8
146.4
83.7
62.7

10,595.9
10,196.4
1,049.1
3,063.0
6,084.2
252.9
146.7
84.0
62.7

10,599.4
10,198.9
1,017.1
3,068.8
6,113.0
254.0
146.5
84.4
62.1

10,605.4
10,203.4
1,034.8
3,050.3
6,118.3
255.1
146.9
84.8
62.1

10,573.4
10,169.8
1,003.0
3,032.0
6,134.8
256.2
147.4
85.3
62.1

Equals: Personal saving ...........................................................................
Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income....

33.0
0.3

22.5
0.2

25.8
0.2

557.8
5.0

306.2
2.8

196.2
1.8

82.5
0.8

140.3
1.3

8,666.9

8,673.8

8,687.5

9,144.0

8,911.3

8,770.8

8,681.5

8,693.2

34,286
28,522
303,866

34,396
28,526
304,068

34,507
28,550
304,287

36,458
30,028
304,521

35,771
29,239
304,775

35,391
28,753
305,039

35,007
28,435
305,311

35,059
28,447
305,590

Addenda:
Disposable personal income:
Total, billions of chained (2000) dollars 2 ..............................................
Per capita:
Current dollars...................................................................................
Chained (2000) dollars ......................................................................
Population (midperiod, thousands) 3........................................................

p Preliminary
r Revised
1. Consists of nonmortgage interest paid by households.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.
3. Population is the total population of the United States, including the Armed Forces overseas and the institutionalized population. The monthly estimate is the average of estimates for the first of the month and the
first of the following month; the annual and quarterly estimates are averages of the monthly estimates.

Table 2. Personal Income and Its Disposition (Years and Quarters)
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

2007
II

III

2008
IV

I

II

III

Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ...............................................
Wage and salary disbursements .......................................................
Private industries...............................................................................
Goods-producing industries ...........................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................................
Services-producing industries........................................................
Trade, transportation, and utilities...............................................
Other services-producing industries ...........................................
Government.......................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.................................................
Employer contributions for employee pension and insurance funds..
Employer contributions for government social insurance ..................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustments.................................................................
Farm .....................................................................................................
Nonfarm................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment.....
Personal income receipts on assets ....................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts .......................................................
Government social benefits to persons ................................................
Old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance benefits .............
Government unemployment insurance benefits ................................
Other .................................................................................................
Other current transfer receipts, from business (net) .............................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance.......................

10,993.9
7,432.6
6,027.2
5,004.2
1,167.2
731.2
3,837.1
986.7
2,850.4
1,023.0
1,405.3
956.8
448.5

11,663.2
7,818.6
6,362.0
5,286.7
1,205.4
746.0
4,081.3
1,035.2
3,046.1
1,075.2
1,456.6
991.9
464.7

11,577.5
7,760.1
6,310.7
5,242.5
1,200.7
744.0
4,041.9
1,036.5
3,005.4
1,068.1
1,449.4
987.7
461.7

11,730.4
7,839.3
6,377.7
5,297.0
1,204.3
743.4
4,092.6
1,035.3
3,057.4
1,080.8
1,461.6
996.5
465.1

11,872.1
7,941.0
6,465.5
5,373.4
1,218.2
750.2
4,155.3
1,048.3
3,106.9
1,092.1
1,475.5
1,005.9
469.6

11,960.5
8,009.7
6,518.0
5,408.3
1,217.7
748.4
4,190.5
1,050.4
3,140.2
1,109.7
1,491.7
1,015.3
476.4

12,188.9
8,071.8
6,568.6
5,445.3
1,216.3
748.5
4,229.0
1,049.3
3,179.7
1,123.4
1,503.1
1,024.4
478.7

12,219.9
8,135.6
6,623.2
5,485.1
1,223.7
749.2
4,261.4
1,051.3
3,210.1
1,138.2
1,512.4
1,031.2
481.1

1,014.7
16.2
998.6
44.3
1,824.8
1,125.4
699.4
1,603.0
1,578.1
938.9
29.9
609.3
24.9
925.5

1,056.2
44.0
1,012.2
40.0
2,000.1
1,214.3
785.8
1,713.3
1,681.4
999.4
32.3
649.6
31.9
965.1

1,050.2
42.3
1,007.9
44.6
1,982.5
1,206.1
776.5
1,699.2
1,667.5
997.5
31.2
638.8
31.7
959.1

1,063.8
47.4
1,016.4
41.8
2,030.9
1,236.2
794.7
1,720.6
1,688.0
1,008.8
32.5
646.7
32.5
966.0

1,073.8
47.1
1,026.7
38.6
2,056.2
1,242.7
813.5
1,737.8
1,704.7
1,009.6
34.3
660.9
33.1
975.3

1,071.7
41.6
1,030.1
39.1
2,054.1
1,224.6
829.5
1,778.1
1,745.8
1,032.4
38.2
675.3
32.2
992.2

1,076.9
38.0
1,039.0
58.6
2,052.3
1,208.7
843.6
1,926.3
1,893.9
1,050.0
41.4
802.5
32.4
997.0

1,080.0
31.2
1,048.8
64.3
2,070.6
1,232.3
838.3
1,871.6
1,830.1
1,069.0
58.7
702.4
41.5
1,002.2

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

1,353.2

1,492.8

1,489.4

1,501.6

1,520.5

1,535.0

1,354.1

1,487.5

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

9,640.7

10,170.5

10,088.0

10,228.8

10,351.5

10,425.5

10,834.8

10,732.4

Less: Personal outlays .............................................................................
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................
Personal interest payments 1 ...................................................................
Personal current transfer payments .........................................................
To government ......................................................................................
To the rest of the world (net) .................................................................

9,570.0
9,207.2
1,052.1
2,685.2
5,469.9
235.4
127.4
76.2
51.1

10,113.1
9,710.2
1,082.8
2,833.0
5,794.4
265.4
137.5
81.2
56.3

10,056.9
9,657.5
1,085.3
2,817.7
5,754.4
262.6
136.9
80.8
56.0

10,182.0
9,765.6
1,086.2
2,846.6
5,832.8
278.2
138.1
81.8
56.3

10,309.2
9,892.7
1,083.0
2,906.2
5,903.5
276.7
139.8
82.5
57.3

10,404.9
10,002.3
1,071.0
2,950.7
5,980.6
261.7
140.8
82.9
57.9

10,538.2
10,138.0
1,059.3
3,026.2
6,052.5
253.8
146.4
83.7
62.7

10,592.7
10,190.7
1,018.3
3,050.4
6,122.0
255.1
146.9
84.8
62.1

Equals: Personal saving ...........................................................................
Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income....

70.7
0.7

57.4
0.6

31.1
0.3

46.8
0.5

42.4
0.4

20.6
0.2

296.6
2.7

139.7
1.3

8,407.0

8,644.0

8,604.5

8,671.1

8,683.1

8,667.9

8,914.6

8,715.1

32,222
28,098
299,199

33,667
28,614
302,087

33,441
28,523
301,667

33,820
28,669
302,452

34,138
28,636
303,225

34,309
28,525
303,868

35,579
29,274
304,528

35,152
28,545
305,313

Addenda:
Disposable personal income:
Total, billions of chained (2000) dollars 2 ..............................................
Per capita:
Current dollars...................................................................................
Chained (2000) dollars ......................................................................
Population (midperiod, thousands) 3........................................................

1. Consists of nonmortgage interest paid by households.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.
3. Population is the total population of the United States, including the Armed Forces overseas and the institutionalized population. The monthly estimate is the average of estimates for the first of the month and
the first of the following month; the annual and quarterly estimates are averages of the monthly estimates.

Table 3. Personal Income and Its Disposition, Change from Preceding Period (Months)
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008
February
Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ...............................................
Wage and salary disbursements .......................................................
Private industries...............................................................................
Goods-producing industries ...........................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................................
Services-producing industries........................................................
Trade, transportation, and utilities...............................................
Other services-producing industries ...........................................
Government.......................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.................................................
Employer contributions for employee pension and insurance funds..
Employer contributions for government social insurance ..................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustments.................................................................
Farm .....................................................................................................
Nonfarm................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment.....
Personal income receipts on assets ....................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts .......................................................
Government social benefits to persons ................................................
Old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance benefits .............
Government unemployment insurance benefits ................................
Other .................................................................................................
Other current transfer receipts, from business (net) .............................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance.......................

March

April

May

June

July r

August r

September p

22.4
20.6
17.6
13.2
–0.1
–0.7
13.4
–2.4
15.8
4.4
3.0
2.2
0.9

46.6
34.2
32.7
29.3
5.3
2.8
24.0
6.5
17.5
3.3
1.4
–0.5
1.9

34.6
9.9
4.2
–0.4
–7.0
–2.8
6.6
–4.8
11.4
4.7
5.7
5.8
–0.1

224.8
24.2
20.4
14.9
2.2
1.5
12.7
–0.9
13.6
5.5
3.8
2.9
0.9

16.2
19.0
15.4
10.7
1.9
0.9
8.7
2.4
6.3
4.8
3.6
3.0
0.6

–92.7
20.1
17.0
11.5
3.3
1.4
8.3
–0.8
9.1
5.4
3.1
2.4
0.7

44.8
31.8
28.7
24.1
5.1
–1.3
19.0
2.4
16.6
4.6
3.1
1.5
1.6

24.5
5.4
4.2
0.3
–4.0
–2.6
4.3
–0.3
4.6
4.0
1.2
1.3
–0.1

–5.4
0.4
–5.8
0.7
–2.2
–7.4
5.2
10.3
10.1
6.5
1.2
2.4
0.2
1.7

2.3
–1.1
3.4
1.7
–2.5
–7.4
4.9
14.7
14.6
11.9
1.1
1.6
0.1
3.8

–0.2
–1.6
1.5
8.6
0.1
–4.2
4.3
16.2
16.2
–1.5
1.3
16.4
0.0
–0.1

4.9
–1.0
5.8
9.2
0.5
–4.3
4.8
187.8
187.8
10.8
0.9
176.1
0.0
2.0

7.4
–2.3
9.7
10.0
0.5
–4.2
4.7
–19.3
–19.4
5.2
0.5
–25.1
0.0
1.3

4.8
–1.6
6.4
2.4
8.8
13.9
–5.1
–127.2
–127.2
10.4
5.6
–143.1
0.1
1.6

–10.8
–3.3
–7.5
2.4
8.9
13.9
–5.0
15.6
15.5
0.1
14.9
0.4
0.1
3.2

–3.4
–3.5
0.1
–24.0
9.1
13.9
–4.8
37.3
10.4
4.5
3.6
2.2
26.9
–0.1
–1.1

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

3.5

6.1

–6.6

–377.4

216.2

13.9

152.4

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

18.9

40.5

41.2

602.1

–199.9

–106.6

–107.7

25.7

Less: Personal outlays .............................................................................
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................
Personal interest payments 1 ...................................................................
Personal current transfer payments .........................................................
To government ......................................................................................
To the rest of the world (net) .................................................................

–7.9
–1.9
2.9
–11.8
6.9
–6.2
0.2
0.2
0.0

51.1
57.0
–10.1
35.1
32.0
–6.1
0.2
0.2
0.0

37.9
33.8
–2.1
20.2
15.7
–0.9
5.1
0.3
4.8

70.1
70.7
2.3
35.0
33.4
–0.9
0.3
0.3
0.0

51.6
52.2
–16.4
37.6
30.9
–0.9
0.3
0.3
0.0

3.5
2.5
–32.0
5.8
28.8
1.1
–0.2
0.4
–0.6

6.0
4.5
17.7
–18.5
5.3
1.1
0.4
0.4
0.0

–32.0
–33.6
–31.8
–18.3
16.5
1.1
0.5
0.5
0.0

Equals: Personal saving ...........................................................................

26.7

–10.5

3.3

532.0

–251.6

–110.0

–113.7

57.8

Addendum:
Real disposable personal income, billions of chained (2000) dollars 2 ....

4.1

6.9

13.7

456.5

–232.7

–140.5

–89.3

11.7

p Preliminary
r Revised
1. Consists of nonmortgage interest paid by households.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.

Table 4. Personal Income and Its Disposition, Change from Preceding Period (Years and Quarters)
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

2007
II

III

2008
IV

I

II

III

Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ...............................................
Wage and salary disbursements .......................................................
Private industries...............................................................................
Goods-producing industries ...........................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................................
Services-producing industries........................................................
Trade, transportation, and utilities...............................................
Other services-producing industries ...........................................
Government.......................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.................................................
Employer contributions for employee pension and insurance funds..
Employer contributions for government social insurance ..................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustments.................................................................
Farm .....................................................................................................
Nonfarm................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment.....
Personal income receipts on assets ....................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts .......................................................
Government social benefits to persons ................................................
Old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance benefits .............
Government unemployment insurance benefits ................................
Other .................................................................................................
Other current transfer receipts, from business (net) .............................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance.......................

724.1
406.8
355.5
313.3
68.0
27.2
245.4
48.5
196.9
42.3
51.2
30.8
20.4

669.3
386.0
334.8
282.5
38.2
14.8
244.2
48.5
195.7
52.2
51.3
35.1
16.2

104.5
26.1
16.7
8.5
2.3
–2.4
6.3
15.7
–9.4
8.2
9.4
10.1
–0.6

152.9
79.2
67.0
54.5
3.6
–0.6
50.7
–1.2
52.0
12.7
12.2
8.8
3.4

141.7
101.7
87.8
76.4
13.9
6.8
62.7
13.0
49.5
11.3
13.9
9.4
4.5

88.4
68.7
52.5
34.9
–0.5
–1.8
35.2
2.1
33.3
17.6
16.2
9.4
6.8

228.4
62.1
50.6
37.0
–1.4
0.1
38.5
–1.1
39.5
13.7
11.4
9.1
2.3

31.0
63.8
54.6
39.8
7.4
0.7
32.4
2.0
30.4
14.8
9.3
6.8
2.4

54.9
–17.9
72.9
3.4
227.9
103.4
124.5
82.3
96.2
94.4
–1.4
3.2
–13.9
51.2

41.5
27.8
13.6
–4.3
175.3
88.9
86.4
110.3
103.3
60.5
2.4
40.3
7.0
39.6

13.0
3.0
10.0
9.5
51.6
33.9
17.8
3.5
2.2
15.6
–0.1
–13.3
1.3
–0.7

13.6
5.1
8.5
–2.8
48.4
30.1
18.2
21.4
20.5
11.3
1.3
7.9
0.8
6.9

10.0
–0.3
10.3
–3.2
25.3
6.5
18.8
17.2
16.7
0.8
1.8
14.2
0.6
9.3

–2.1
–5.5
3.4
0.5
–2.1
–18.1
16.0
40.3
41.1
22.8
3.9
14.4
–0.9
16.9

5.2
–3.6
8.9
19.5
–1.8
–15.9
14.1
148.2
148.1
17.6
3.2
127.2
0.2
4.8

3.1
–6.8
9.8
5.7
18.3
23.6
–5.3
–54.7
–63.8
19.0
17.3
–100.1
9.1
5.2

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

145.4

139.6

29.9

12.2

18.9

14.5

–180.9

133.4

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

578.7

529.8

74.5

140.8

122.7

74.0

409.3

–102.4

Less: Personal outlays .............................................................................
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................
Personal interest payments 1 ...................................................................
Personal current transfer payments .........................................................
To government ......................................................................................
To the rest of the world (net) .................................................................

540.5
513.1
31.3
171.1
310.7
20.4
7.0
3.7
3.2

543.1
503.0
30.7
147.8
324.5
30.0
10.1
5.0
5.2

152.7
132.6
8.7
56.2
67.6
18.6
1.6
1.2
0.3

125.1
108.1
0.9
28.9
78.4
15.6
1.2
1.0
0.3

127.2
127.1
–3.2
59.6
70.7
–1.5
1.7
0.7
1.0

95.7
109.6
–12.0
44.5
77.1
–15.0
1.0
0.4
0.6

133.3
135.7
–11.7
75.5
71.9
–7.9
5.6
0.8
4.8

54.5
52.7
–41.0
24.2
69.5
1.3
0.5
1.1
–0.6

Equals: Personal saving ...........................................................................

38.2

–13.3

–78.2

15.7

–4.4

–21.8

276.0

–156.9

Addendum:
Real disposable personal income, billions of chained (2000) dollars 2 ....

285.6

237.0

–13.2

66.6

12.0

–15.2

246.7

–199.5

1. Consists of nonmortgage interest paid by households.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.

Table 5. Personal Income and Its Disposition, Percent Change from Preceding Period (Months)
Seasonally adjusted at monthly rates
2008
February

March

April

May

July r

June

August r

September p

Based on current-dollar measures
Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ....................................................
Wage and salary disbursements ..........................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.....................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption
adjustments ..........................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment .............
Personal income receipts on assets ........................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts ............................................................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance ..............................

0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2

0.4
0.4
0.5
0.1

0.3
0.1
0.1
0.4

1.9
0.3
0.3
0.3

0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2

–0.8
0.2
0.3
0.2

0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2

0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1

–0.5
1.8
–0.1
–0.6
0.6
0.6
0.2

0.2
4.6
–0.1
–0.6
0.6
0.8
0.4

0.0
21.0
0.0
–0.3
0.5
0.9
0.0

0.5
18.9
0.0
–0.3
0.6
10.4
0.2

0.7
17.0
0.0
–0.4
0.6
–1.0
0.1

0.4
3.6
0.4
1.2
–0.6
–6.4
0.2

–1.0
3.4
0.4
1.1
–0.6
0.8
0.3

–0.3
–32.8
0.4
1.1
–0.6
2.0
0.0

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

0.2

0.4

–0.4

–24.6

18.7

1.0

11.0

–0.1

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

0.2

0.4

0.4

5.7

–1.8

–1.0

–1.0

0.2

Addenda:
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................

0.0
0.3
–0.4
0.1

0.6
–0.9
1.2
0.5

0.3
–0.2
0.7
0.3

0.7
0.2
1.2
0.6

0.5
–1.5
1.2
0.5

0.0
–3.1
0.2
0.5

0.0
1.7
–0.6
0.1

–0.3
–3.1
–0.6
0.3

Real disposable personal income ............................................................

0.0

0.1

–1.6

–1.0

0.1

Based on chained (2000) dollar measures
0.2

5.3

–2.5

p Preliminary
r Revised

Table 6. Personal Income and Its Disposition, Percent Change from Preceding Period (Years and Quarters)
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

2007
II

2008

III

IV

I

II

III

Based on current-dollar measures
Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ....................................................
Wage and salary disbursements ..........................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.....................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption
adjustments ..........................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment .............
Personal income receipts on assets ........................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts ............................................................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance ..............................

7.1
5.8
6.3
3.8

6.1
5.2
5.6
3.7

3.7
1.4
1.1
2.7

5.4
4.1
4.3
3.4

4.9
5.3
5.6
3.9

3.0
3.5
3.3
4.5

7.9
3.1
3.1
3.1

1.0
3.2
3.4
2.5

5.7
8.3
14.3
10.1
21.7
5.4
5.9

4.1
–9.6
9.6
7.9
12.4
6.9
4.3

5.1
161.0
11.1
12.1
9.7
0.8
–0.3

5.3
–22.7
10.1
10.4
9.8
5.1
2.9

3.8
–27.3
5.1
2.1
9.8
4.1
3.9

–0.8
5.3
–0.4
–5.7
8.1
9.6
7.1

2.0
401.3
–0.3
–5.1
7.0
37.8
2.0

1.1
45.4
3.6
8.0
–2.5
–10.9
2.1

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

12.0

10.3

8.5

3.3

5.1

3.9

–39.4

45.6

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

6.4

5.5

3.0

5.7

4.9

2.9

16.7

–3.7

Addenda:
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................

5.9
3.1
6.8
6.0

5.5
2.9
5.5
5.9

5.7
3.3
8.4
4.8

4.6
0.3
4.2
5.6

5.3
–1.2
8.7
4.9

4.5
–4.3
6.3
5.3

5.5
–4.3
10.6
4.9

2.1
–14.6
3.2
4.7

Real disposable personal income ............................................................

3.5

2.8

–0.7

11.9

–8.7

Based on chained (2000) dollar measures
–0.6

3.1

0.6

Table 7. Real Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Type of Product (Months)
2008
February

March

April

May

July r

June

August r

September p

Billions of chained (2000) dollars, seasonally adjusted at annual rates
Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

8,304.6
1,241.8
2,388.3
4,699.6

8,326.2
1,229.5
2,410.1
4,707.3

8,334.6
1,230.8
2,419.0
4,705.7

8,355.1
1,237.1
2,427.3
4,712.8

8,334.4
1,217.0
2,415.9
4,717.9

8,286.0
1,179.0
2,392.1
4,720.6

8,287.9
1,201.6
2,384.6
4,714.7

8,251.9
1,166.9
2,365.5
4,722.5

Change from preceding period in billions of chained (2000) dollars, seasonally adjusted at annual rates
Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

–12.7
2.1
–7.1
–6.6

21.6
–12.3
21.8
7.7

8.4
1.3
8.9
–1.6

20.5
6.3
8.3
7.1

–20.7
–20.1
–11.4
5.1

–48.4
–38.0
–23.8
2.7

1.9
22.6
–7.5
–5.9

–36.0
–34.7
–19.1
7.8

Percent change from preceding period in chained (2000) dollars, seasonally adjusted at monthly rates
Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

–0.2
0.2
–0.3
–0.1

0.3
–1.0
0.9
0.2

0.1
0.1
0.4
0.0

0.2
0.5
0.3
0.2

–0.2
–1.6
–0.5
0.1

–0.6
–3.1
–1.0
0.1

0.0
1.9
–0.3
–0.1

–0.4
–2.9
–0.8
0.2

p Preliminary
r Revised

Table 8. Real Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Type of Product (Years and Quarters)
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

2007
II

2008

III

IV

I

II

III

8,341.3
1,228.3
2,420.7
4,712.1

8,275.2
1,182.5
2,380.7
4,719.2

25.2
–8.7
22.8
7.8

–66.1
–45.8
–40.0
7.1

1.2
–2.8
3.9
0.7

–3.1
–14.1
–6.4
0.6

Billions of chained (2000) dollars
Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

8,029.0
1,185.1
2,335.3
4,529.9

8,252.8
1,242.4
2,392.6
4,646.2

Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

237.3
50.7
82.6
109.0

223.8
57.3
57.3
116.3

8,237.3
1,242.3
2,391.5
4,632.7

8,278.5
1,249.4
2,398.6
4,659.8

8,298.2
1,250.6
2,400.2
4,676.1

8,316.1
1,237.0
2,397.9
4,704.3

Change from preceding period in billions of chained (2000) dollars
40.1
15.0
11.4
16.6

41.2
7.1
7.1
27.1

19.7
1.2
1.6
16.3

17.9
–13.6
–2.3
28.2

Percent change from preceding period in chained (2000) dollars
Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

3.0
4.5
3.7
2.5

2.8
4.8
2.5
2.6

2.0
5.0
1.9
1.4

2.0
2.3
1.2
2.4

1.0
0.4
0.3
1.4

0.9
–4.3
–0.4
2.4

Table 9. Price Indexes for Personal Consumption Expenditures:
Level and Percent Change From Preceding Period (Months)
2008
February

March

April

May

July r

June

August r

September p

Chain-type price indexes (2000=100), seasonally adjusted
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)............................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

120.212
86.598
122.903
127.083

120.585
86.636
123.245
127.557

120.869
86.382
123.625
127.934

121.419
86.123
124.646
128.451

122.346
86.205
126.793
128.967

123.092
86.264
128.296
129.503

123.118
86.110
127.923
129.777

123.247
85.955
128.183
129.912

Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy...............................................................
Market-based PCE 1 ................................................................................
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 1 .....................................

116.141
118.392
113.029

116.357
118.701
113.134

116.532
119.003
113.309

116.742
119.578
113.482

117.072
120.574
113.775

117.368
121.366
114.037

117.631
121.310
114.249

117.838
121.418
114.446

Percent change from preceding period in price indexes, seasonally adjusted at monthly rates
PCE.............................................................................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

0.1
0.1
–0.1
0.3

0.3
0.0
0.3
0.4

0.2
–0.3
0.3
0.3

0.5
–0.3
0.8
0.4

0.8
0.1
1.7
0.4

0.6
0.1
1.2
0.4

0.0
–0.2
–0.3
0.2

0.1
–0.2
0.2
0.1

Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy...............................................................
Market-based PCE 1 ................................................................................
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 1 .....................................

0.1
0.1
0.1

0.2
0.3
0.1

0.2
0.3
0.2

0.2
0.5
0.2

0.3
0.8
0.3

0.3
0.7
0.2

0.2
0.0
0.2

0.2
0.1
0.2

p Preliminary
r Revised
1. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished without
payment by financial intermediaries) and the expenses of nonprofit institutions.

Table 10. Real Disposable Personal Income and Real Personal Consumption Expenditures:
Percent Change From Month One Year Ago
2008
February

March

April

May

July r

June

August r

September p

Disposable personal income....................................................................

0.5

0.4

0.9

6.4

3.5

1.5

0.0

0.0

Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

1.2
1.4
0.5
1.4

1.5
–0.3
0.9
2.2

1.3
–0.1
1.5
1.5

1.4
–1.7
1.4
2.0

1.1
–1.6
0.7
1.7

0.3
–4.4
–0.6
1.5

0.0
–4.3
–0.2
0.9

–0.4
–7.4
–1.4
1.4

p Preliminary
r Revised

Table 11. Price Indexes for Personal Consumption Expenditures:
Percent Change From Month One Year Ago
2008
February

March

April

May

July r

June

August r

September p

Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)............................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

3.5
–1.4
6.1
3.1

3.4
–1.2
5.6
3.3

3.4
–1.2
5.5
3.3

3.5
–1.3
5.6
3.4

4.1
–1.3
7.2
3.5

4.5
–1.1
8.2
3.8

4.5
–0.9
8.0
3.7

4.2
–0.9
7.7
3.4

Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy...............................................................
Market-based PCE 1 ................................................................................
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 1 .....................................

2.1
3.4
1.7

2.2
3.3
1.7

2.2
3.3
1.8

2.2
3.5
1.9

2.3
4.1
2.0

2.5
4.6
2.1

2.5
4.6
2.2

2.4
4.3
2.2

p Preliminary
r Revised
1. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished without
payment by financial intermediaries) and the expenses of nonprofit institutions.