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EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EDT, FRIDAY, MAY 30, 2008
James E. Rankin:
Michael Armah:

(202) 606-5301
(202) 606-5302

(Personal Income)
(Personal Outlays)

BEA 08-22

PERSONAL INCOME AND OUTLAYS: APRIL 2008
Personal income increased $20.1 billion, or 0.2 percent, and disposable personal income (DPI)
increased $23.4 billion, or 0.2 percent, in April, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) increased $21.4 billion, or 0.2 percent. In March, personal
income increased $44.7 billion, or 0.4 percent, DPI increased $35.4 billion, or 0.3 percent, and PCE
increased $41.7 billion, or 0.4 percent, based on revised estimates.
Real disposable personal income decreased less than 0.1 percent in April, in contrast to an increase
of less than 0.1 percent in March. Real PCE decreased less than 0.1 percent, in contrast to an increase
of 0.1 percent.
2007
Dec.
Personal income, current dollars
Disposable personal income:
Current dollars
Chained (2000) dollars
Personal consumption expenditures:
Current dollars
Chained (2000) dollars

2008
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
(Percent change from preceding month)

Apr.

0.5

0.2

0.5

0.4

0.2

0.5
0.2

0.4
0.1

0.5
0.4

0.3
0.0

0.2
0.0

0.2
-0.1

0.4
0.2

0.1
-0.1

0.4
0.1

0.2
0.0

NOTE.--Monthly estimates are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual rates, unless otherwise specified.
Month-to-month dollar changes are differences between these published estimates. Month-to-month
percent changes are calculated from unrounded data and are not annualized. “Real” estimates are in
chained (2000) dollars.
This news release is available on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov/newsreleases/rels.htm.

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-2-

Wages and salaries
Private wage and salary disbursements decreased $18.2 billion in April, in contrast to an
increase of $26.9 billion in March. Private wages and salaries had been boosted by $15.0 billion at
an annual rate in January, in February, and in March to reflect large bonus payments. These types of
irregular payments are not accounted for in the primary monthly source data for wages and salaries.
This adjustment for one-time bonuses has not been carried forward in the estimates of wage and
salary disbursements for April and subsequent months. Goods-producing industries' payrolls
decreased $11.4 billion, in contrast to an increase of $4.5 billion; manufacturing payrolls decreased
$5.1 billion, in contrast to an increase of $2.5 billion. Services-producing industries' payrolls
decreased $6.8 billion, in contrast to an increase of $22.4 billion. Government wage and salary
disbursements increased $3.7 billion, compared with an increase of $3.4 billion.

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-3-

Other personal income
Supplements to wages and salaries increased $3.7 billion in April, compared with an increase
of $5.9 billion in March.
Proprietors' income decreased $0.9 billion in April, compared with a decrease of $4.9 billion in
March. Farm proprietors' income was unchanged in April; farm proprietors' income decreased $4.9
billion in March. Nonfarm proprietors' income decreased $1.0 billion in April; nonfarm proprietors'
was unchanged in March.
Rental income of persons increased $10.0 billion in April, in contrast to a decrease of $1.2
billion in March. Personal income receipts on assets (personal interest income plus personal
dividend income) increased $5.4 billion, compared with an increase $4.9 billion.
Personal current transfer receipts increased $14.3 billion in April, compared with an increase of
$13.7 billion in March. The April change in personal current transfer receipts was boosted $7.8
billion at an annual rate to reflect payments under the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 to individuals
who either paid no income tax or whose payment exceeded the amount of income tax paid. For more
information, see box below.
Personal contributions for social insurance -- a subtraction in calculating personal income -decreased $2.0 billion in April, in contrast to an increase of $3.9 billion in March.

Personal current taxes and disposable personal income
Personal current taxes decreased $3.4 billion in April, in contrast to an increase of $9.3 billion
in March. The April change in personal current taxes was reduced by $15.5 billion at an annual rate
to reflect rebates that began at the end of the month under the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008.
Disposable personal income (DPI) -- personal income less personal current taxes -- increased $23.4
billion, or 0.2 percent, in April, compared with an increase of $35.4 billion, or 0.3 percent, in March.

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-4-

Personal outlays and personal saving
Personal outlays -- PCE, interest paid by persons, and personal transfer payments to the rest of
the world (net) -- increased $27.3 billion in April, compared with an increase of $34.2 billion in
March. PCE increased $21.4 billion, compared with an increase of $41.7 billion.
Personal saving -- DPI less personal outlays -- was $75.0 billion in April, compared with $78.9
billion in March. Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income was 0.7 percent in
April, the same percentage as in March. Saving from current income may be near zero or negative
when outlays are financed by borrowing (including borrowing financed through credit cards or home
equity loans), by selling investments or other assets, or by using savings from previous periods. For
more information, see the FAQs on “Personal Saving” on BEA’s Web site. For a comparison of
personal saving in BEA’s national income and product accounts with personal saving in the Federal
Reserve Board’s flow of funds accounts and data on changes in net worth (which help finance
consumption), go to http://www.bea.gov/bea/dn/nipaweb/Nipa-Frb.asp.

Real DPI and real PCE
Real DPI -- DPI adjusted to remove price changes -- decreased less than 0.1 percent in April, in
contrast to an increase of less than 0.1 percent in March.
Real PCE -- PCE adjusted to remove price changes -- decreased less than 0.1 percent in April,
in contrast to an increase of 0.1 percent in March. Purchases of durable goods decreased 0.2
percent, compared with a decrease of 1.3 percent. Purchases of nondurable goods decreased 0.2
percent, in contrast to an increase of 0.5 percent. Purchases of services increased 0.1 percent, the
same increase as in March.
The price index for PCE increased 0.2 percent in April, compared with an increase of 0.3
percent in March. Prices, excluding food and energy, increased 0.1 percent, compared with an
increase of 0.2 percent.

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-5-

Revisions
Estimates of personal income and DPI have been revised for October through March; estimates
of PCE have been revised for January through March. Changes in personal income, current-dollar
and chained (2000) dollar DPI, and current-dollar and chained (2000) dollar PCE for February and
March -- revised and as published in last month's release -- are shown below.
For October through December, the revisions to wages and salaries reflected the incorporation
of newly available BLS tabulations of fourth-quarter private wages and salaries from the quarterly
census of employment and wages. Wages and salaries were revised up for all three months.
Revisions to personal current taxes and to contributions for government social insurance reflected
the revisions to wages and salaries.

Change from preceding month
February
Previous

Revised

(Billions of dollars)

March

Previous Revised
(Percent)

Previous Revised
(Billions of dollars)

Previous Revised
(Percent)

Personal Income:
Current dollars......................

58.2

59.3

0.5

0.5

38.8

44.7

0.3

0.4

Disposable personal income:
Current dollars......................
Chained (2000) dollars.........

50.3
29.6

51.3
30.6

0.5
0.3

0.5
0.4

29.6
-1.4

35.4
2.7

0.3
0.0

0.3
0.0

Personal consumption expenditures:
Current dollars......................
Chained (2000) dollars.........

11.0
-2.7

7.8
-5.0

0.1
0.0

0.1
-0.1

42.9
10.7

41.7
9.1

0.4
0.1

0.4
0.1

This news release presents revised estimates of wages and salaries, personal taxes, and
contributions for government social insurance for October through December 2007 (fourth quarter).
These estimates reflect newly available fourth-quarter wage and salary tabulations from the quarterly
census of employment and wages from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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-6Economic Stimulus Act of 2008
The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 provides rebate payments to eligible individual taxpayers as
well as tax reductions for businesses. For individuals, the amount of the rebate is determined by
information reported on tax filings for 2007 and is based on filing status, level of adjusted gross income,
and the number of qualifying children. According to the Joint Committee on Taxation and the
Congressional Budget Office, rebates to individuals are expected to total $106.7 billion for 2008. The
majority of rebates will be sent during the initial round of payments, which began April 28, 2008, and
will continue on a weekly basis through mid-July 2008.
In the NIPAs, rebates for residents of the 50 states and the District of Columbia will be recorded as
either an offset to personal current taxes or as a social benefit payment to persons. Rebates for
individuals with tax liabilities that exceed the rebate amount will be treated as an offset to personal
current taxes in the NIPAs. Rebates for individuals who pay no income taxes (or for whom the rebate
would exceed the amount of the income taxes they do pay) will be treated as a government social benefit
payment to persons in the NIPAs.

Annual Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts
As part of the annual revision of the national income and product accounts, revised estimates of
personal income and outlays covering January 2005 through May 2008 will be released along with
preliminary estimates for June 2008 on August 4. An article describing the revision will appear in the
August 2008 issue of the Survey of Current Business.

BEA’s national, international, regional, and industry estimates; the Survey of Current
Business; and BEA news releases are available without charge on BEA’s Web site at www.bea.gov.
By visiting the site, you can also subscribe to receive free e-mail summaries of BEA releases and
announcements.
* * *
Next release -- June 27, 2008 at 8:30 A.M. EDT for
Personal Income and Outlays for May.

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Table 1. Personal Income and Its Disposition (Months)
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2007
September
Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ...............................................
Wage and salary disbursements .......................................................
Private industries...............................................................................
Goods-producing industries ...........................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................................
Services-producing industries........................................................
Trade, transportation, and utilities...............................................
Other services-producing industries ...........................................
Government.......................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.................................................
Employer contributions for employee pension and insurance funds..
Employer contributions for government social insurance ..................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustments.................................................................
Farm .....................................................................................................
Nonfarm................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment.....
Personal income receipts on assets ....................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts .......................................................
Government social benefits to persons ................................................
Old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance benefits .............
Government unemployment insurance benefits ................................
Other .................................................................................................
Other current transfer receipts, from business (net) .............................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance.......................

October

r

2008

November

r

December

r

January

r

February r

March r

April p

11,785.5
7,918.1
6,412.9
5,335.7
1,219.6
754.2
4,116.0
1,036.9
3,079.1
1,077.2
1,505.2
1,026.2
479.0

11,831.4
7,946.3
6,435.2
5,354.2
1,224.1
756.5
4,130.1
1,042.0
3,088.2
1,080.9
1,511.1
1,030.7
480.4

11,875.8
7,986.8
6,470.0
5,385.7
1,233.0
762.8
4,152.7
1,045.3
3,107.5
1,084.3
1,516.8
1,034.3
482.5

11,935.6
8,022.1
6,500.0
5,411.1
1,233.7
762.3
4,177.4
1,053.2
3,124.2
1,088.9
1,522.1
1,037.7
484.3

11,963.9
8,068.9
6,534.3
5,434.8
1,234.9
763.7
4,199.9
1,054.7
3,145.2
1,099.4
1,534.6
1,044.1
490.6

12,023.2
8,098.6
6,558.1
5,453.7
1,236.5
764.9
4,217.2
1,054.8
3,162.4
1,104.4
1,540.5
1,048.5
492.0

12,067.9
8,134.7
6,588.4
5,480.6
1,241.0
767.4
4,239.6
1,057.4
3,182.2
1,107.8
1,546.4
1,052.5
493.9

12,088.0
8,124.1
6,574.0
5,462.4
1,229.6
762.3
4,232.8
1,056.4
3,176.4
1,111.5
1,550.1
1,057.4
492.7

1,043.9
41.0
1,002.9
70.1
1,993.2
1,180.8
812.4
1,747.1
1,719.0
1,037.4
31.5
650.2
28.0
986.9

1,050.6
42.1
1,008.5
74.0
1,996.5
1,177.0
819.5
1,754.0
1,725.9
1,035.8
31.5
658.5
28.1
989.9

1,059.8
43.7
1,016.1
77.8
1,999.9
1,173.2
826.6
1,746.0
1,717.9
1,027.1
32.3
658.5
28.1
994.4

1,057.4
45.7
1,011.7
81.6
2,003.1
1,169.4
833.7
1,769.5
1,741.4
1,045.3
33.3
662.7
28.2
998.2

1,062.3
41.4
1,020.9
80.3
2,007.4
1,169.4
838.1
1,757.5
1,729.4
1,031.0
33.4
665.0
28.1
1,012.5

1,055.1
37.9
1,017.2
78.8
2,012.7
1,169.3
843.4
1,793.6
1,765.5
1,064.3
34.6
666.6
28.1
1,015.7

1,050.2
33.0
1,017.2
77.6
2,017.6
1,169.2
848.4
1,807.3
1,779.2
1,074.8
35.7
668.7
28.2
1,019.6

1,049.3
33.0
1,016.2
87.6
2,023.0
1,170.3
852.8
1,821.6
1,793.4
1,071.8
37.1
684.4
28.2
1,017.6

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

1,496.3

1,504.3

1,513.0

1,520.8

1,507.6

1,515.7

1,525.0

1,521.6

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

10,289.2

10,327.1

10,362.9

10,414.7

10,456.3

10,507.6

10,543.0

10,566.4

Less: Personal outlays .............................................................................
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................
Personal interest payments 1 ...................................................................
Personal current transfer payments .........................................................
To government ......................................................................................
To the rest of the world (net) .................................................................

10,250.6
9,832.0
1,095.7
2,854.0
5,882.3
278.7
140.0
87.8
52.2

10,280.9
9,865.9
1,092.8
2,868.4
5,904.7
275.6
139.4
88.1
51.2

10,373.0
9,960.7
1,083.0
2,920.2
5,957.5
272.5
139.7
88.5
51.2

10,392.8
9,983.2
1,071.7
2,924.8
5,986.7
269.5
140.1
88.9
51.2

10,429.5
10,027.1
1,067.1
2,945.1
6,014.8
261.5
141.0
89.3
51.7

10,429.9
10,034.9
1,070.0
2,938.9
6,026.0
253.6
141.4
89.7
51.7

10,464.1
10,076.6
1,056.9
2,962.4
6,057.3
245.6
141.9
90.2
51.7

10,491.4
10,098.0
1,051.5
2,966.0
6,080.5
251.0
142.4
90.7
51.7

Equals: Personal saving ...........................................................................
Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income....

38.5
0.4

46.2
0.4

–10.1
–0.1

21.9
0.2

26.8
0.3

77.6
0.7

78.9
0.7

75.0
0.7

8,713.5

8,721.7

8,697.1

8,716.5

8,728.4

8,759.0

8,761.7

8,760.7

33,988
28,783
302,728

34,084
28,785
302,989

34,175
28,682
303,228

34,320
28,724
303,457

34,433
28,743
303,670

34,580
28,825
303,866

34,673
28,815
304,068

34,725
28,791
304,289

Addenda:
Disposable personal income:
Total, billions of chained (2000) dollars 2 ..............................................
Per capita:
Current dollars...................................................................................
Chained (2000) dollars ......................................................................
Population (midperiod, thousands) 3........................................................

p Preliminary
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the fourth quarter of 2007.
1. Consists of nonmortgage interest paid by households.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.
3. Population is the total population of the United States, including the Armed Forces overseas and the institutionalized population. The monthly estimate is the average of estimates for the first of the month and the
first of the following month; the annual and quarterly estimates are averages of the monthly estimates.

Table 2. Personal Income and Its Disposition (Years and Quarters)
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

r

2006
IV

Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ...............................................
Wage and salary disbursements .......................................................
Private industries...............................................................................
Goods-producing industries ...........................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................................
Services-producing industries........................................................
Trade, transportation, and utilities...............................................
Other services-producing industries ...........................................
Government.......................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.................................................
Employer contributions for employee pension and insurance funds..
Employer contributions for government social insurance ..................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustments.................................................................
Farm .....................................................................................................
Nonfarm................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment.....
Personal income receipts on assets ....................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts .......................................................
Government social benefits to persons ................................................
Old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance benefits .............
Government unemployment insurance benefits ................................
Other .................................................................................................
Other current transfer receipts, from business (net) .............................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance.......................

2007
I

II

2008
III

IV

r

Ir

10,983.4
7,440.8
6,018.2
4,997.6
1,166.8
731.0
3,830.8
985.1
2,845.7
1,020.6
1,422.6
970.7
451.8

11,665.6
7,858.6
6,366.1
5,298.3
1,217.3
756.2
4,081.0
1,033.5
3,047.5
1,067.8
1,492.5
1,016.8
475.8

11,200.2
7,599.9
6,153.0
5,115.7
1,191.4
743.3
3,924.4
1,002.2
2,922.2
1,037.2
1,446.9
986.7
460.2

11,469.2
7,764.9
6,294.4
5,242.7
1,208.9
755.4
4,033.9
1,020.0
3,013.8
1,051.7
1,470.5
999.2
471.3

11,577.3
7,801.9
6,318.9
5,256.9
1,212.6
754.1
4,044.3
1,033.7
3,010.6
1,061.9
1,483.0
1,010.9
472.1

11,735.0
7,882.7
6,382.7
5,309.8
1,217.5
754.7
4,092.3
1,033.3
3,059.0
1,072.9
1,500.0
1,022.7
477.3

11,880.9
7,985.0
6,468.4
5,383.7
1,230.3
760.5
4,153.4
1,046.8
3,106.6
1,084.7
1,516.6
1,034.3
482.4

12,018.4
8,100.8
6,560.3
5,456.4
1,237.5
765.3
4,218.9
1,055.6
3,163.3
1,103.9
1,540.5
1,048.3
492.2

1,006.7
19.4
987.4
54.5
1,796.5
1,100.2
696.3
1,612.5
1,585.3
946.4
29.9
609.0
27.2
927.6

1,042.6
36.2
1,006.4
65.4
1,947.2
1,154.7
792.5
1,731.7
1,703.8
1,022.5
31.9
649.4
27.9
979.9

1,009.8
23.9
985.8
50.9
1,836.6
1,102.8
733.8
1,647.7
1,618.0
972.0
30.3
615.7
29.7
944.6

1,027.4
29.1
998.3
53.2
1,882.9
1,126.1
756.8
1,710.7
1,683.1
999.4
31.8
651.8
27.6
969.8

1,038.4
33.1
1,005.3
62.1
1,930.0
1,148.4
781.6
1,717.1
1,689.4
1,020.1
31.7
637.6
27.8
972.2

1,048.7
38.6
1,010.0
68.4
1,976.2
1,171.1
805.0
1,742.3
1,714.4
1,034.6
31.7
648.1
28.0
983.2

1,055.9
43.8
1,012.1
77.8
1,999.8
1,173.2
826.6
1,756.5
1,728.4
1,036.1
32.4
659.9
28.1
994.1

1,055.9
37.4
1,018.4
78.9
2,012.6
1,169.3
843.3
1,786.1
1,758.0
1,056.7
34.6
666.7
28.1
1,015.9

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

1,354.3

1,483.7

1,401.0

1,454.7

1,477.6

1,489.8

1,512.7

1,516.1

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

9,629.1

10,181.9

9,799.2

10,014.5

10,099.7

10,245.2

10,368.2

10,502.3

Less: Personal outlays .............................................................................
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................
Personal interest payments 1 ...................................................................
Personal current transfer payments .........................................................
To government ......................................................................................
To the rest of the world (net) .................................................................

9,590.3
9,224.5
1,048.9
2,688.0
5,487.6
238.0
127.8
78.9
48.9

10,134.1
9,734.2
1,078.2
2,833.2
5,822.8
262.8
137.1
86.1
51.1

9,757.2
9,373.7
1,056.5
2,705.4
5,611.8
251.6
131.8
81.2
50.6

9,917.5
9,540.5
1,074.0
2,759.4
5,707.1
243.3
133.7
83.4
50.4

10,069.2
9,674.0
1,074.7
2,822.7
5,776.5
259.5
135.7
85.3
50.5

10,200.9
9,785.7
1,081.6
2,846.3
5,857.8
275.8
139.3
87.1
52.2

10,348.9
9,936.6
1,082.5
2,904.5
5,949.7
272.5
139.7
88.5
51.2

10,441.2
10,046.2
1,064.7
2,948.8
6,032.7
253.6
141.4
89.7
51.7

Equals: Personal saving ...........................................................................
Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income....

38.8
0.4

47.8
0.5

42.0
0.4

97.0
1.0

30.5
0.3

44.4
0.4

19.3
0.2

61.1
0.6

8,396.9

8,658.6

8,510.7

8,623.9

8,607.1

8,692.1

8,711.7

8,749.7

32,183
28,064
299,199

33,705
28,663
302,087

32,626
28,336
300,351

33,270
28,650
301,004

33,480
28,532
301,667

33,874
28,739
302,452

34,193
28,730
303,225

34,562
28,794
303,868

Addenda:
Disposable personal income:
Total, billions of chained (2000) dollars 2 ..............................................
Per capita:
Current dollars...................................................................................
Chained (2000) dollars ......................................................................
Population (midperiod, thousands) 3........................................................

r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the fourth quarter of 2007.
1. Consists of nonmortgage interest paid by households.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.
3. Population is the total population of the United States, including the Armed Forces overseas and the institutionalized population. The monthly estimate is the average of estimates for the first of the month and
the first of the following month; the annual and quarterly estimates are averages of the monthly estimates.

Table 3. Personal Income and Its Disposition, Change from Preceding Period (Months)
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2007
September
Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ...............................................
Wage and salary disbursements .......................................................
Private industries...............................................................................
Goods-producing industries ...........................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................................
Services-producing industries........................................................
Trade, transportation, and utilities...............................................
Other services-producing industries ...........................................
Government.......................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.................................................
Employer contributions for employee pension and insurance funds..
Employer contributions for government social insurance ..................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustments.................................................................
Farm .....................................................................................................
Nonfarm................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment.....
Personal income receipts on assets ....................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts .......................................................
Government social benefits to persons ................................................
Old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance benefits .............
Government unemployment insurance benefits ................................
Other .................................................................................................
Other current transfer receipts, from business (net) .............................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance.......................

October

r

2008

November

r

December

r

January

r

February r

March r

April p

49.6
41.7
36.1
32.6
2.5
–0.7
30.0
5.6
24.4
3.5
5.6
3.4
2.2

45.9
28.2
22.3
18.5
4.5
2.3
14.1
5.1
9.1
3.7
5.9
4.5
1.4

44.4
40.5
34.8
31.5
8.9
6.3
22.6
3.3
19.3
3.4
5.7
3.6
2.1

59.8
35.3
30.0
25.4
0.7
–0.5
24.7
7.9
16.7
4.6
5.3
3.4
1.8

28.3
46.8
34.3
23.7
1.2
1.4
22.5
1.5
21.0
10.5
12.5
6.4
6.3

59.3
29.7
23.8
18.9
1.6
1.2
17.3
0.1
17.2
5.0
5.9
4.4
1.4

44.7
36.1
30.3
26.9
4.5
2.5
22.4
2.6
19.8
3.4
5.9
4.0
1.9

20.1
–10.6
–14.4
–18.2
–11.4
–5.1
–6.8
–1.0
–5.8
3.7
3.7
4.9
–1.2

–6.8
2.3
–9.1
1.8
16.9
9.7
7.3
0.5
0.4
–1.3
–0.6
2.5
0.0
4.6

6.7
1.1
5.6
3.9
3.3
–3.8
7.1
6.9
6.9
–1.6
0.0
8.3
0.1
3.0

9.2
1.6
7.6
3.8
3.4
–3.8
7.1
–8.0
–8.0
–8.7
0.8
0.0
0.0
4.5

–2.4
2.0
–4.4
3.8
3.2
–3.8
7.1
23.5
23.5
18.2
1.0
4.2
0.1
3.8

4.9
–4.3
9.2
–1.3
4.3
0.0
4.4
–12.0
–12.0
–14.3
0.1
2.3
–0.1
14.3

–7.2
–3.5
–3.7
–1.5
5.3
–0.1
5.3
36.1
36.1
33.3
1.2
1.6
0.0
3.2

–4.9
–4.9
0.0
–1.2
4.9
–0.1
5.0
13.7
13.7
10.5
1.1
2.1
0.1
3.9

–0.9
0.0
–1.0
10.0
5.4
1.1
4.4
14.3
14.2
–3.0
1.4
15.7
0.0
–2.0

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

7.6

8.0

8.7

7.8

–13.2

8.1

9.3

–3.4

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

42.0

37.9

35.8

51.8

41.6

51.3

35.4

23.4

Less: Personal outlays .............................................................................
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................
Personal interest payments 1 ...................................................................
Personal current transfer payments .........................................................
To government ......................................................................................
To the rest of the world (net) .................................................................

52.3
48.9
9.9
23.4
15.6
2.9
0.7
0.7
0.0

30.3
33.9
–2.9
14.4
22.4
–3.1
–0.6
0.3
–1.0

92.1
94.8
–9.8
51.8
52.8
–3.1
0.3
0.4
0.0

19.8
22.5
–11.3
4.6
29.2
–3.0
0.4
0.4
0.0

36.7
43.9
–4.6
20.3
28.1
–8.0
0.9
0.4
0.5

0.4
7.8
2.9
–6.2
11.2
–7.9
0.4
0.4
0.0

34.2
41.7
–13.1
23.5
31.3
–8.0
0.5
0.5
0.0

27.3
21.4
–5.4
3.6
23.2
5.4
0.5
0.5
0.0

Equals: Personal saving ...........................................................................

–10.4

7.7

–56.3

32.0

4.9

50.8

1.3

–3.9

Addendum:
Real disposable personal income, billions of chained (2000) dollars 2 ....

11.0

8.2

–24.6

19.4

11.9

30.6

2.7

–1.0

p Preliminary
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the fourth quarter of 2007.
1. Consists of nonmortgage interest paid by households.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.

Table 4. Personal Income and Its Disposition, Change from Preceding Period (Years and Quarters)
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

r

2006
IV

Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ...............................................
Wage and salary disbursements .......................................................
Private industries...............................................................................
Goods-producing industries ...........................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................................
Services-producing industries........................................................
Trade, transportation, and utilities...............................................
Other services-producing industries ...........................................
Government.......................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.................................................
Employer contributions for employee pension and insurance funds..
Employer contributions for government social insurance ..................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustments.................................................................
Farm .....................................................................................................
Nonfarm................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment.....
Personal income receipts on assets ....................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts .......................................................
Government social benefits to persons ................................................
Old-age, survivors, disability, and health insurance benefits .............
Government unemployment insurance benefits ................................
Other .................................................................................................
Other current transfer receipts, from business (net) .............................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance.......................

2007
I

II

2008
III

IV

r

Ir

682.3
416.2
350.3
310.7
68.1
26.9
242.5
48.1
194.5
39.7
65.8
43.0
22.7

682.2
417.8
347.9
300.7
50.5
25.2
250.2
48.4
201.8
47.2
69.9
46.1
24.0

169.3
157.4
137.2
126.9
32.9
19.0
94.1
16.4
77.7
10.2
20.2
11.3
8.9

269.0
165.0
141.4
127.0
17.5
12.1
109.5
17.8
91.6
14.5
23.6
12.5
11.1

108.1
37.0
24.5
14.2
3.7
–1.3
10.4
13.7
–3.2
10.2
12.5
11.7
0.8

157.7
80.8
63.8
52.9
4.9
0.6
48.0
–0.4
48.4
11.0
17.0
11.8
5.2

145.9
102.3
85.7
73.9
12.8
5.8
61.1
13.5
47.6
11.8
16.6
11.6
5.1

137.5
115.8
91.9
72.7
7.2
4.8
65.5
8.8
56.7
19.2
23.9
14.0
9.8

36.8
–11.4
48.3
11.6
178.7
81.3
97.4
91.8
102.2
101.1
–1.4
2.6
–10.4
52.8

35.9
16.8
19.0
10.9
150.7
54.5
96.2
119.2
118.5
76.1
2.0
40.4
0.7
52.3

6.2
5.8
0.3
–2.0
8.5
–16.9
25.4
17.1
14.8
15.9
0.3
–1.4
2.3
17.8

17.6
5.2
12.5
2.3
46.3
23.3
23.0
63.0
65.1
27.4
1.5
36.1
–2.1
25.2

11.0
4.0
7.0
8.9
47.1
22.3
24.8
6.4
6.3
20.7
–0.1
–14.2
0.2
2.4

10.3
5.5
4.7
6.3
46.2
22.7
23.4
25.2
25.0
14.5
0.0
10.5
0.2
11.0

7.2
5.2
2.1
9.4
23.6
2.1
21.6
14.2
14.0
1.5
0.7
11.8
0.1
10.9

0.0
–6.4
6.3
1.1
12.8
–3.9
16.7
29.6
29.6
20.6
2.2
6.8
0.0
21.8

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

145.2

129.4

45.8

53.7

22.9

12.2

22.9

3.4

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

537.1

552.8

123.4

215.3

85.2

145.5

123.0

134.1

Less: Personal outlays .............................................................................
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................
Personal interest payments 1 ...................................................................
Personal current transfer payments .........................................................
To government ......................................................................................
To the rest of the world (net) .................................................................

542.9
516.7
25.0
171.8
319.8
20.3
6.0
4.4
1.6

543.8
509.7
29.3
145.2
335.2
24.8
9.3
7.2
2.2

80.1
68.0
2.7
–27.0
92.3
9.3
2.7
1.6
1.1

160.3
166.8
17.5
54.0
95.3
–8.3
1.9
2.2
–0.2

151.7
133.5
0.7
63.3
69.4
16.2
2.0
1.9
0.1

131.7
111.7
6.9
23.6
81.3
16.3
3.6
1.8
1.7

148.0
150.9
0.9
58.2
91.9
–3.3
0.4
1.4
–1.0

92.3
109.6
–17.8
44.3
83.0
–18.9
1.7
1.2
0.5

Equals: Personal saving ...........................................................................

–5.8

9.0

43.4

55.0

–66.5

13.9

–25.1

41.8

Addendum:
Real disposable personal income, billions of chained (2000) dollars 2 ....

249.0

261.7

126.2

113.2

–16.8

85.0

19.6

38.0

r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the fourth quarter of 2007.
1. Consists of nonmortgage interest paid by households.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.

Table 5. Personal Income and Its Disposition, Percent Change from Preceding Period (Months)
Seasonally adjusted at monthly rates
2007
September

October r

2008

November r December r

January r

February r

March r

April p

Based on current-dollar measures
Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ....................................................
Wage and salary disbursements ..........................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.....................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption
adjustments ..........................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment .............
Personal income receipts on assets ........................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts ............................................................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance ..............................

0.4
0.5
0.6
0.4

0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4

0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4

0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4

0.2
0.6
0.5
0.8

0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4

0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4

0.2
–0.1
–0.2
0.2

–0.6
2.7
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.0
0.5

0.6
5.5
0.2
–0.3
0.9
0.4
0.3

0.9
5.2
0.2
–0.3
0.9
–0.5
0.5

–0.2
5.0
0.2
–0.3
0.8
1.3
0.4

0.5
–1.6
0.2
0.0
0.5
–0.7
1.4

–0.7
–1.9
0.3
0.0
0.6
2.1
0.3

–0.5
–1.5
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.8
0.4

–0.1
12.8
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.8
–0.2

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.5

–0.9

0.5

0.6

–0.2

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.2

Addenda:
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................

0.5
0.9
0.8
0.3

0.3
–0.3
0.5
0.4

1.0
–0.9
1.8
0.9

0.2
–1.0
0.2
0.5

0.4
–0.4
0.7
0.5

0.1
0.3
–0.2
0.2

0.4
–1.2
0.8
0.5

0.2
–0.5
0.1
0.4

Real disposable personal income ............................................................

0.1

0.1

0.4

0.0

0.0

Based on chained (2000) dollar measures
–0.3

0.2

0.1

p Preliminary
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the fourth quarter of 2007.

Table 6. Personal Income and Its Disposition, Percent Change from Preceding Period (Years and Quarters)
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

r

2006

2007

IV

I

II

2008
III

IV

r

Ir

Based on current-dollar measures
Personal income........................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ....................................................
Wage and salary disbursements ..........................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries.....................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption
adjustments ..........................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment .............
Personal income receipts on assets ........................................................
Personal interest income ......................................................................
Personal dividend income.....................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts ............................................................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance ..............................

6.6
5.9
6.2
4.8

6.2
5.6
5.8
4.9

6.3
8.7
9.4
5.8

10.0
9.0
9.5
6.7

3.8
1.9
1.6
3.4

5.6
4.2
4.1
4.7

5.1
5.3
5.5
4.5

4.7
5.9
5.8
6.4

3.8
27.2
11.0
8.0
16.3
6.0
6.0

3.6
19.9
8.4
5.0
13.8
7.4
5.6

2.5
–14.0
1.9
–5.9
15.1
4.3
7.9

7.2
19.2
10.5
8.7
13.1
16.2
11.1

4.4
85.9
10.4
8.2
13.8
1.5
1.0

4.0
47.1
9.9
8.2
12.5
6.0
4.6

2.8
67.1
4.9
0.7
11.2
3.3
4.5

0.0
6.0
2.6
–1.3
8.3
6.9
9.1

Less: Personal current taxes ...................................................................

12.0

9.6

14.2

16.2

6.5

3.3

6.3

0.9

Equals: Disposable personal income......................................................

5.9

5.7

5.2

9.1

3.4

5.9

4.9

5.3

Addenda:
Personal consumption expenditures ........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................................................
Services................................................................................................

5.9
2.4
6.8
6.2

5.5
2.8
5.4
6.1

3.0
1.0
–3.9
6.9

7.3
6.8
8.2
7.0

5.7
0.3
9.5
5.0

4.7
2.6
3.4
5.7

6.3
0.3
8.4
6.4

4.5
–6.4
6.2
5.7

Real disposable personal income ............................................................

3.1

3.1

4.0

0.9

1.8

Based on chained (2000) dollar measures
6.2

5.4

r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the fourth quarter of 2007.

–0.8

Table 7. Real Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Type of Product (Months)
2007
September

October

2008

November

December

January

r

February r

March r

April p

Billions of chained (2000) dollars, seasonally adjusted at annual rates
Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

8,326.4
1,261.2
2,402.0
4,693.8

8,332.2
1,257.2
2,406.0
4,698.5

8,359.6
1,248.6
2,407.6
4,728.7

8,355.3
1,238.7
2,398.8
4,739.9

8,370.0
1,232.0
2,400.1
4,757.2

8,365.0
1,234.1
2,397.0
4,754.0

8,374.1
1,218.5
2,409.6
4,761.0

8,372.4
1,215.8
2,405.3
4,765.5

Change from preceding period in billions of chained (2000) dollars, seasonally adjusted at annual rates
Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

18.0
13.9
12.3
–4.5

5.8
–4.0
4.0
4.7

27.4
–8.6
1.6
30.2

–4.3
–9.9
–8.8
11.2

14.7
–6.7
1.3
17.3

–5.0
2.1
–3.1
–3.2

9.1
–15.6
12.6
7.0

–1.7
–2.7
–4.3
4.5

Percent change from preceding period in chained (2000) dollars, seasonally adjusted at monthly rates
Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

0.2
1.1
0.5
–0.1

0.1
–0.3
0.2
0.1

0.3
–0.7
0.1
0.6

–0.1
–0.8
–0.4
0.2

0.2
–0.5
0.1
0.4

–0.1
0.2
–0.1
–0.1

0.1
–1.3
0.5
0.1

0.0
–0.2
–0.2
0.1

p Preliminary
r Revised

Table 8. Real Personal Consumption Expenditures by Major Type of Product (Years and Quarters)
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

2006

2007

IV

I

II

2008
III

IV

Ir

8,302.2
1,241.9
2,396.8
4,689.5

8,349.1
1,248.1
2,404.2
4,722.4

8,369.7
1,228.2
2,402.2
4,757.4

46.9
6.2
7.4
32.9

20.6
–19.9
–2.0
35.0

2.3
2.0
1.2
2.8

1.0
–6.2
–0.3
3.0

Billions of chained (2000) dollars
Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

8,044.1
1,180.5
2,337.7
4,545.5

8,277.8
1,235.4
2,392.8
4,674.8

Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

240.5
43.1
82.3
118.2

233.7
54.9
55.1
129.3

8,141.2
1,197.6
2,368.8
4,595.5

8,215.7
1,223.2
2,386.6
4,630.7

8,244.3
1,228.4
2,383.8
4,656.7

Change from preceding period in billions of chained (2000) dollars
77.4
11.3
24.9
41.5

74.5
25.6
17.8
35.2

28.6
5.2
–2.8
26.0

57.9
13.5
13.0
32.8

Percent change from preceding period in chained (2000) dollars
Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................
r Revised

3.1
3.8
3.6
2.7

2.9
4.7
2.4
2.8

3.9
3.9
4.3
3.7

3.7
8.8
3.0
3.1

1.4
1.7
–0.5
2.3

2.8
4.5
2.2
2.8

Table 9. Price Indexes for Personal Consumption Expenditures:
Level and Percent Change From Preceding Period (Months)
2007
September

October

2008

November

December

January

r

February r

March r

April p

Chain-type price indexes (2000=100), seasonally adjusted
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)............................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

118.087
86.865
118.813
125.329

118.412
86.927
119.219
125.680

119.158
86.736
121.286
125.995

119.488
86.514
121.923
126.312

119.802
86.610
122.709
126.443

119.967
86.697
122.607
126.765

120.335
86.735
122.940
127.233

120.615
86.486
123.309
127.603

Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy...............................................................
Market-based PCE 1 ................................................................................
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 1 .....................................

114.946
116.333
112.105

115.188
116.665
112.338

115.403
117.498
112.554

115.618
117.853
112.778

115.827
118.194
112.998

115.980
118.332
113.115

116.189
118.670
113.254

116.355
118.960
113.409

Percent change from preceding period in price indexes, seasonally adjusted at monthly rates
PCE.............................................................................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

0.3
–0.2
0.3
0.4

0.3
0.1
0.3
0.3

0.6
–0.2
1.7
0.3

0.3
–0.3
0.5
0.3

0.3
0.1
0.6
0.1

0.1
0.1
–0.1
0.3

0.3
0.0
0.3
0.4

0.2
–0.3
0.3
0.3

Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy...............................................................
Market-based PCE 1 ................................................................................
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 1 .....................................

0.3
0.2
0.2

0.2
0.3
0.2

0.2
0.7
0.2

0.2
0.3
0.2

0.2
0.3
0.2

0.1
0.1
0.1

0.2
0.3
0.1

0.1
0.2
0.1

p Preliminary
r Revised
1. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished without
payment by financial intermediaries) and the expenses of nonprofit institutions.

Table 10. Real Disposable Personal Income and Real Personal Consumption Expenditures:
Percent Change From Month One Year Ago
2007
September

October r

2008

November r December r

January r

February r

March r

April p

Disposable personal income....................................................................

3.4

2.8

2.2

2.1

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.8

Personal consumption expenditures ......................................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

3.2
6.0
2.6
3.0

2.7
5.8
2.1
2.4

2.8
4.6
1.9
2.9

2.2
2.3
0.4
3.1

2.0
0.6
0.6
3.0

1.6
1.1
0.5
2.3

2.0
–0.4
0.9
2.9

1.6
–0.4
1.1
2.3

p Preliminary
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the fourth quarter of 2007.

Table 11. Price Indexes for Personal Consumption Expenditures:
Percent Change From Month One Year Ago
2007
September

October

2008

November

December

January

r

February r

March r

April p

Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)............................................
Durable goods..........................................................................................
Nondurable goods....................................................................................
Services ...................................................................................................

2.5
–1.9
2.8
3.1

3.0
–1.8
4.4
3.2

3.6
–1.7
6.6
3.2

3.5
–1.6
6.3
3.2

3.5
–1.3
6.8
2.8

3.4
–1.3
6.3
2.8

3.2
–1.2
5.4
3.0

3.2
–1.2
5.0
3.1

Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy...............................................................
Market-based PCE 1 ................................................................................
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 1 .....................................

1.9
2.3
1.6

2.0
3.0
1.7

2.1
3.7
1.9

2.2
3.6
2.0

2.0
3.6
1.8

1.9
3.4
1.7

2.1
3.2
1.8

2.1
3.1
1.8

p Preliminary
r Revised
1. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished without
payment by financial intermediaries) and the expenses of nonprofit institutions.