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EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 10:00 a.m. EDT, Thursday, June 8, 2023 Technical: Will Nicolls Kyle Brown Connie O’Connell Media: 301-278-9544 301-278-9688 301-278-9003 BEA 23–24 MarineEconomy@bea.gov Connie.OConnell@bea.gov Marine Economy Satellite Account, 2021 New Statistics for 2021; 2014–2020 Updated The Marine Economy Satellite Account (MESA) statistics released today by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) show the marine economy accounted for 1.9 percent, or $432.4 billion, of current-dollar U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) in 2021, an increase from 1.7 percent, or $363.2 billion, in 2020 (tables 2 and 3). The marine economy accounted for 1.8 percent, or $730.0 billion, of current-dollar gross output (table 8). Real (inflation-adjusted) GDP for the marine economy increased 7.4 percent from 2020 to 2021 (table 1), compared with a 5.9 percent increase for the overall U.S. economy. This reflected a rebound after the marine economy’s 6.0 percent decrease in 2020, the first year of the COVID–19 pandemic. Marine economy compensation increased 9.2 percent, or $16.0 billion, and employment increased 10.5 percent, or about 221,000 full- and part-time employees. Chart 1. Growth in Marine Economy Compared to U.S. Economy, 2021 10.5% 10.5% 9.2% 8.2% 7.4% 5.9% 6.2% Marine economy 2.9% U.S. economy Real gross domestic product Real gross output Compensation U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Page 1 of 7 Employment Today’s release also reflects updated statistics for 2014–2020. Gross output, value added, employment, and compensation were updated to include the results of the 2022 annual update of the National Economic Accounts, which includes the Industry Economic Accounts. The updated statistics reflect newly available and revised source data, as well as methodological improvements. Marine economy by activity To estimate the marine economy by activity, the MESA reorganizes industry value added and gross output statistics and presents the data in a framework that reflects marine-related activities. Marine economy activities fall into the following 10 general categories: • • • • • • • • • • Living resources, marine Construction, coastal and marine Research and education, marine Transportation and warehousing, marine Professional and technical services, marine Minerals, offshore Utilities, coastal Ship and boat building, nonrecreational Tourism and recreation, coastal and offshore National defense and public administration MESA real gross output—principally a measure of the marine economy's inflation-adjusted sales or receipts, which includes sales to final users in the economy (GDP) and sales to other industries (intermediate inputs)—increased 10.5 percent, or $63.9 billion, in 2021 (tables 7 and 9). Marine economy activity highlights for 2021 include the following: • Tourism and recreation, coastal and offshore increased 27.3 percent, or $49.8 billion, to a level of $231.8 billion, making it the largest contributor to the growth in 2021 MESA real gross output. • Transportation and warehousing, marine increased 16.8 percent, or $8.2 billion, to $57.1 billion, making it the second-largest contributor to the overall growth. • Living resources, marine increased 13.5 percent, or $3.7 billion, to $31.0 billion. • Minerals, offshore decreased 2.5 percent, or $2.5 billion, to $96.6 billion, making it the largest offset to the overall growth in 2021 MESA real gross output. Page 2 of 7 Chart 2. Real Gross Output Level by Activity Billions of chained (2014) dollars 231.8 182.1 187.4 189.8 99.1 96.6 2020 48.9 57.1 2021 Tourism and National recreation, defense and coastal and public offshore administration Minerals, offshore Transportation and warehousing, marine 63.3 65.6 27.3 31.0 Living resources, marine All other U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Marine economy by industry The industry statistics show the contributions of industries to the marine economy, including their impact on value added (or GDP by industry), gross output, employment, and compensation. Marine economy industry highlights for 2021 include the following: • Government—as a share of marine economy current-dollar value added—was the largest industry group and accounted for 34.9 percent, or $150.8 billion (chart 3 and table 6), and was the largest industry group for compensation ($92.2 billion) and for employment (about 717,000 full- and part-time jobs). • Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing was the second-largest industry group as a share of the marine economy and accounted for 13.7 percent, or $59.1 billion, of current-dollar value added. • Transportation and warehousing accounted for 8.6 percent, or $37.2 billion, of marine economy value added, with the second-largest level of compensation ($23.6 billion). • Accommodation and food services accounted for 6.6 percent, or $28.6 billion, of value added and was the second-largest industry group for employment (about 394,000 full- and part-time jobs) in 2021. Page 3 of 7 Chart 3. Industry Composition of Marine Economy Value Added, 2021 All other industries 10.4% Manufacturing 6.6% Government 34.9% Retail trade 6.7% Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services 8.4% Transportation and warehousing 8.6% U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing 13.7% Mining 10.8% Page 4 of 7 The Marine Economy Satellite Account Estimation Methods The Marine Economy Satellite Account measures the economic activity associated with the marine economy, identifies the industries responsible for producing these goods and services, and measures the output, value added, compensation, and employment associated with that production. Like other BEA satellite accounts, the MESA was built on BEA’s comprehensive supply-use framework. The supply-use tables provide a detailed look at the relationships among industries and how each industry contributes to GDP. In practice, the MESA is a rearrangement of the published supply-use tables with new estimation methods that isolate marine-related spending and production. A variety of private and public data sources were used to identify marine-related spending and production to develop the MESA estimates. An important feature of the MESA is the presentation of estimates of gross output and value added by marine economic activity, in addition to the standard presentation of estimates by industry. This allows for the marine economy to be better analyzed in areas where significant economic activity occurs across a variety of industries. The geographic scope of the MESA includes the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans within the Exclusive Economic Zone (approximately 200 nautical miles off the U.S. coast) as well as marginal seas, such as the Gulf of Mexico, Chesapeake Bay, Puget Sound, Long Island Sound, San Francisco Bay, and others. Also included is the U.S. shoreline directly along these bodies of water. Furthermore, the Great Lakes are included up to the international boundary with Canada. For additional information on the marine economy statistics as well as the data sources and methodology that underlie their preparation, refer to Defining and Measuring the U.S. Ocean Economy. The Marine Economy Satellite Account was produced in partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Data Availability The complete set of detailed annual statistics for 2014–2021 are available on BEA’s website. Statistics include data on marine economy gross output and value added presented by both industry and activity as well as employment and compensation presented by industry. Next release: Spring 2024 Marine Economy Satellite Account, 2022 Page 5 of 7 Additional Information Resources • • • • • • The full economic effects of the COVID–19 pandemic cannot be quantified in these statistics, because the impacts are generally embedded in source data and cannot be separately identified. For more information about COVID–19 impacts, refer to “Federal Recovery Programs and BEA Statistics” on our website. Find the latest information on the Marine Economy Satellite Account (MESA) at BEA’s marine economy page. Stay informed about BEA developments by reading The BEA Wire, signing up for BEA’s email subscription service, or following BEA on Twitter @BEA_News. Access BEA data by registering for BEA’s Data Application Programming Interface. For more on BEA’s statistics, see our online journal, the Survey of Current Business. For upcoming economic indicators, see BEA's news release schedule. Definitions Gross domestic product (GDP) or value added is the value of the goods and services produced by the nation’s economy less the value of the goods and services used up in production. GDP is also equal to the sum of personal consumption expenditures, gross private domestic investment, net exports of goods and services, and government consumption expenditures and gross investment. Current-dollar estimates are valued in the prices of the period when the transactions occurred—that is, at “market value.” They are also referred to as “nominal estimates” or as “current-price estimates.” Chained-dollar estimates are calculated by taking the current-dollar level of a series in the base period and multiplying it by the change in the chained-type quantity index number for the series since the base period. Chaineddollar estimates correctly show growth rates for a series but are not additive in periods other than the base period. MESA employment consists of all full-time, part-time, and temporary wage and salary jobs where the workers are engaged in the production of marine economy goods and services. Self-employed individuals are excluded from employment totals. MESA compensation consists of the pay to employees (including wages and salaries and benefits, such as employer contributions to pension and health funds) in return for their marine economy-related work during a given year. Pay to the self-employed is excluded from compensation but included in value added. MESA value added (also referred to as GDP) consists of the value of marine economy goods and services produced less the value of expenses incurred for their production. The activity of self-employed individuals is included in value added. Gross output (GO) is the value of the goods and services produced by the nation’s economy. It is principally measured using industry sales or receipts, including sales to final users (GDP) and sales to other industries (intermediate inputs). Page 6 of 7 News Release Tables Table 1. Real Marine Economy Value Added by Activity Table 2. Marine Economy Value Added by Activity Table 3. Marine Economy Value Added by Activity as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product Table 4. Marine Economy Value Added by Activity as a Percentage of Total Marine Economy Value Added Table 5. Real Marine Economy Value Added by Industry Table 6. Marine Economy Value Added by Industry Table 7. Real Marine Economy Gross Output by Activity Table 8. Marine Economy Gross Output by Activity Table 9. Real Marine Economy Gross Output by Industry Table 10. Marine Economy Gross Output by Industry Page 1 of 7 Table 1. Real Marine Economy Value Added by Activity [Millions of chained (2014) dollars] 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 Total marine economy 382,684 385,015 378,977 376,583 380,630 389,817 366,295 393,387 2 Living resources, marine 11,635 12,450 12,329 12,276 12,399 12,843 13,284 15,244 3 Commercial harvest, seafood markets, and processing 10,986 11,605 11,381 11,211 11,134 11,240 10,848 11,218 4 Commercial harvest and seafood markets 7,138 7,495 7,687 7,500 7,712 7,876 7,652 7,731 5 Seafood processing 3,848 4,107 3,723 3,732 3,477 3,436 3,279 3,528 6 Fish-based animal foods 59 80 87 57 61 59 63 64 7 Pharmaceuticals, marine-based 589 761 850 984 1,179 1,515 2,306 3,831 8 Construction, coastal and marine 3,161 3,160 3,685 3,863 3,680 4,288 4,355 3,855 9 Conservation 1,846 1,859 2,529 2,611 2,264 2,254 2,409 2,124 10 Dredging 142 140 189 160 194 432 406 438 11 Recreation facilities 1,174 1,160 965 1,092 1,222 1,600 1,538 1,294 12 Research and education, marine 6,084 6,458 6,553 6,646 6,606 6,945 7,341 6,894 13 Scientific research 3,671 3,933 4,126 4,243 4,481 4,774 5,165 5,024 14 National defense research and development (R&D) 110 114 106 102 104 105 100 110 15 Federal nondefense R&D 1,074 1,162 1,214 1,268 1,312 1,404 1,625 1,768 16 State and local R&D 1,362 1,538 1,559 1,633 1,681 1,711 1,547 1,528 17 Nonacademic R&D 1,125 1,123 1,245 1,241 1,380 1,542 1,836 1,580 18 Educational programs and courses 2,227 2,327 2,227 2,215 1,959 2,081 2,113 1,813 19 Vocational training 142 148 154 143 143 72 56 59 20 Laboratories 45 50 53 56 49 50 48 47 21 Transportation and warehousing, marine 24,835 23,002 20,794 20,047 22,016 22,058 21,534 22,233 22 Freight transportation 17,417 16,347 15,688 14,342 14,902 13,881 14,796 15,431 23 Passenger transportation 6,037 5,250 3,744 4,002 5,170 6,128 4,006 3,534 24 Warehousing and storage 1,381 1,420 1,648 1,836 1,986 2,168 2,378 2,739 25 Professional and technical services, marine 3,197 3,474 3,578 3,273 3,284 3,226 3,030 3,026 26 Minerals, offshore 80,819 80,132 73,930 69,386 67,023 72,913 74,746 68,493 27 Oil and gas 79,129 78,502 72,282 67,438 65,080 71,307 73,150 66,781 28 Sand and gravel 1,326 1,292 1,341 1,523 1,490 1,291 1,364 1,331 29 Support services 364 337 272 269 284 264 212 252 30 Utilities, coastal 7,631 8,816 9,851 9,931 8,867 8,203 8,910 7,371 31 Traditional power generation 7,631 8,816 9,851 9,931 8,867 8,203 8,910 7,371 32 Ship and boat building, nonrecreational 6,414 7,846 7,160 7,066 7,652 8,090 8,973 10,927 33 Ship building 1 5,182 6,446 5,939 5,922 6,515 7,072 8,016 9,792 34 Barges and other nonpropelled ships 115 89 95 65 52 44 51 57 35 Military ships 4,751 6,041 5,526 5,634 6,221 6,821 7,763 9,506 36 Other ships 316 318 318 227 248 213 210 241 37 Boat building 2 1,232 1,402 1,225 1,152 1,150 1,049 1,014 1,211 38 Fishing boats 73 60 46 24 26 22 22 25 39 Tugboats and towboats 224 244 260 205 219 190 185 214 40 Outboard motorboats 90 130 89 224 255 208 172 190 41 Inboard motorboats 277 375 277 213 189 202 225 296 42 Other boats 568 594 552 490 466 428 411 483 43 Tourism and recreation, coastal and offshore 125,435 127,068 127,040 130,279 135,904 137,470 107,796 130,540 44 Guided tours 7,220 6,480 5,695 6,917 7,357 6,863 3,634 4,965 45 Water guided tours 4,347 3,833 3,198 4,167 4,536 4,381 2,398 3,008 46 Other scenic tours 2,873 2,646 2,498 2,749 2,820 2,482 1,237 1,946 47 Recreational fishing, offshore 1,426 1,587 2,110 2,495 2,600 2,456 2,621 2,962 48 Boating and paddling, offshore 22,710 22,597 21,723 22,632 23,296 23,712 22,102 24,194 49 Sailing 1,131 1,118 1,188 1,213 1,201 1,371 944 902 50 Motorboating 15,265 15,420 15,004 15,539 15,719 15,957 15,946 17,145 51 Canoeing 35 36 39 67 56 62 95 166 52 Kayaking 130 128 126 130 120 120 157 244 3 53 Other boating and paddling 6,150 5,895 5,354 5,673 6,202 6,193 4,863 5,666 4 1,625 1,818 1,792 1,821 1,875 2,262 2,456 2,693 54 Other water activities 55 Other coastal recreation 15,513 15,740 15,479 15,976 16,490 16,666 14,999 16,980 56 Maritime museums and cultural institutions 1,101 868 927 859 949 921 960 1,100 57 Beachgoing 132 132 130 130 126 139 125 155 58 Amusement parks 1,446 1,516 1,587 1,486 1,580 1,513 862 1,170 59 Hiking and camping 746 749 719 686 725 840 920 1,197 60 RVing 5,124 5,056 4,777 4,905 5,223 5,341 4,935 5,172 61 Photography 179 265 206 195 168 200 206 219 62 Other general expenses 6,783 7,160 7,128 7,747 7,714 7,720 7,150 8,076 63 Trips and travel, coastal 76,941 78,855 80,258 80,467 84,286 85,543 62,597 79,244 64 Eating and drinking places 10,316 10,684 11,008 11,295 11,404 11,738 4,974 10,060 65 Hotel and lodging places 51,432 52,559 51,939 52,180 53,360 54,138 49,800 54,834 66 Travel arrangement services 1,359 1,528 1,622 1,731 1,872 1,813 747 1,064 67 Transportation services 13,834 14,085 15,737 15,277 17,852 18,035 6,168 12,692 68 National defense and public administration 113,474 112,194 112,109 110,365 108,245 110,035 116,008 119,540 69 National defense and coast guard 107,073 106,074 105,910 103,804 101,593 103,331 108,843 112,203 70 Federal public administration 6,023 5,748 5,816 6,151 6,239 6,270 6,722 6,884 71 State and local public administration 378 372 383 406 406 428 435 445 1. Consists of government and commercial vessels built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, naval surface combatants, cargo ships, barges, oil drilling platforms, passenger ships, tugboats, research vessels, submarines, and fishing vessels. 2. Consists of government and commercial vessels not built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, commercial fishing boats, motorboats (inboard and outboard), inflatables, tour boats, sailboats, and underwater remotely operated vehicles. Activity associated with the manufacture of boats and other watercraft used for recreational purposes is included in tourism and recreation sector. 3. Consists of, but are not limited to, hovercraft, personal watercrafts, pontoon boats, life rafts and associated expenses such as repair services, insurance, fuel, etc. 4. Consists of swimming, snorkeling, scuba diving, surfing, and related water activities. Note: Chained (2014) dollar series are calculated as the product of the chain-type quantity index and the 2014 current-dollar value of the corresponding series, divided by 100. Because the formula for the chain-type quantity indexes uses weights of more than one period, the corresponding chained-dollar estimates are usually not additive. Table 2. Marine Economy Value Added by Activity [Millions of current dollars] 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 Total marine economy 382,684 366,398 359,378 369,487 389,773 403,466 363,217 432,397 2 Living resources, marine 11,635 12,247 12,649 12,954 13,851 14,947 15,415 18,434 3 Commercial harvest, seafood markets, and processing 10,986 11,370 11,662 11,843 12,479 13,095 12,501 13,651 4 Commercial harvest and seafood markets 7,138 7,076 7,616 7,579 8,166 8,357 7,838 8,627 5 Seafood processing 3,848 4,294 4,046 4,264 4,314 4,738 4,664 5,024 6 Fish-based animal foods 59 61 66 46 50 49 54 56 7 Pharmaceuticals, marine-based 589 815 921 1,065 1,321 1,803 2,859 4,727 8 Construction, coastal and marine 3,161 3,283 3,866 4,100 4,008 4,906 5,110 4,636 9 Conservation 1,846 1,945 2,644 2,778 2,459 2,583 2,820 2,495 10 Dredging 142 147 198 171 211 498 478 515 11 Recreation facilities 1,174 1,192 1,024 1,152 1,338 1,826 1,812 1,626 12 Research and education, marine 6,084 6,502 6,630 6,871 7,047 7,546 8,238 7,861 13 Scientific research 3,671 3,900 4,070 4,272 4,682 5,064 5,669 5,583 14 National defense research and development (R&D) 110 112 106 102 108 110 107 117 15 Federal nondefense R&D 1,074 1,184 1,263 1,339 1,443 1,580 1,854 1,984 16 State and local R&D 1,362 1,450 1,456 1,547 1,641 1,667 1,528 1,561 17 Nonacademic R&D 1,125 1,153 1,245 1,284 1,491 1,706 2,180 1,922 18 Educational programs and courses 2,227 2,397 2,341 2,381 2,150 2,344 2,449 2,155 19 Vocational training 142 153 164 159 162 83 67 70 20 Laboratories 45 51 55 60 53 55 53 53 21 Transportation and warehousing, marine 24,835 25,444 24,027 24,243 27,232 27,610 23,683 27,845 22 Freight transportation 17,417 17,610 16,427 16,451 18,408 18,259 17,947 21,184 23 Passenger transportation 6,037 6,383 5,907 5,849 6,632 6,993 3,171 3,528 24 Warehousing and storage 1,381 1,451 1,693 1,943 2,192 2,357 2,566 3,133 25 Professional and technical services, marine 3,197 3,537 3,648 3,311 3,313 3,368 3,426 3,559 26 Minerals, offshore 80,819 53,806 44,785 48,225 52,943 53,011 38,847 56,512 27 Oil and gas 79,129 52,292 43,329 46,452 51,115 51,424 37,260 54,806 28 Sand and gravel 1,326 1,163 1,164 1,477 1,508 1,279 1,339 1,414 29 Support services 364 352 292 296 320 308 248 292 30 Utilities, coastal 7,631 8,221 8,086 8,092 8,334 8,546 8,461 10,062 31 Traditional power generation 7,631 8,221 8,086 8,092 8,334 8,546 8,461 10,062 32 Ship and boat building, nonrecreational 6,414 7,962 7,260 6,981 7,343 7,806 8,765 10,150 33 Ship building 1 5,182 6,508 5,954 5,795 6,186 6,683 7,627 8,783 34 Barges and other nonpropelled ships 115 89 93 62 48 46 55 63 35 Military ships 4,751 6,080 5,521 5,500 5,906 6,434 7,361 8,476 36 Other ships 316 338 340 233 233 203 212 244 37 Boat building 2 1,232 1,455 1,306 1,187 1,157 1,123 1,138 1,366 38 Fishing boats 73 64 49 24 24 21 22 25 39 Tugboats and towboats 224 259 278 210 207 182 188 219 40 Outboard motorboats 90 132 93 226 265 240 202 232 41 Inboard motorboats 277 380 298 227 207 239 275 364 42 Other boats 568 621 588 499 453 440 450 527 43 Tourism and recreation, coastal and offshore 125,435 131,145 133,185 139,422 149,185 154,632 120,777 153,030 44 Guided tours 7,220 6,841 6,250 7,692 8,384 8,162 4,632 6,239 45 Water guided tours 4,347 4,045 3,512 4,641 5,158 5,208 3,010 3,715 46 Other scenic tours 2,873 2,796 2,738 3,051 3,226 2,954 1,623 2,524 47 Recreational fishing, offshore 1,426 1,600 2,131 2,493 2,562 2,599 2,750 3,222 48 Boating and paddling, offshore 22,710 23,166 22,012 23,442 24,980 25,581 23,857 28,443 49 Sailing 1,131 1,161 1,266 1,282 1,316 1,568 1,157 1,133 50 Motorboating 15,265 15,811 15,370 16,187 16,966 17,595 17,745 20,491 51 Canoeing 35 37 41 71 60 70 110 207 52 Kayaking 130 132 133 141 136 144 190 318 3 53 Other boating and paddling 6,150 6,025 5,201 5,760 6,501 6,205 4,655 6,293 4 1,625 1,858 1,857 1,871 1,940 2,407 2,724 3,324 54 Other water activities 55 Other coastal recreation 15,513 16,028 15,769 16,423 17,028 17,448 15,335 18,395 56 Maritime museums and cultural institutions 1,101 902 990 950 1,032 1,015 1,132 1,288 57 Beachgoing 132 132 133 133 127 144 133 179 58 Amusement parks 1,446 1,612 1,789 1,742 1,910 1,929 1,206 1,690 59 Hiking and camping 746 795 735 705 756 892 971 1,336 60 RVing 5,124 5,209 4,889 5,175 5,683 5,789 5,081 5,810 61 Photography 179 252 179 175 151 174 188 216 62 Other general expenses 6,783 7,126 7,053 7,544 7,369 7,505 6,624 7,877 63 Trips and travel, coastal 76,941 81,652 85,167 87,501 94,291 98,435 71,479 93,407 64 Eating and drinking places 10,316 11,245 12,065 12,702 13,217 14,047 6,327 13,308 65 Hotel and lodging places 51,432 54,356 55,619 57,559 60,930 63,974 58,615 66,243 66 Travel arrangement services 1,359 1,527 1,623 1,712 1,834 1,821 700 970 67 Transportation services 13,834 14,523 15,861 15,529 18,311 18,592 5,837 12,887 68 National defense and public administration 113,474 114,252 115,242 115,287 116,517 121,094 130,494 140,308 69 National defense and coast guard 107,073 108,016 108,847 108,355 109,234 113,602 122,357 131,668 70 Federal public administration 6,023 5,849 5,999 6,514 6,856 7,047 7,638 8,106 71 State and local public administration 378 386 395 418 427 445 499 534 1. Consists of government and commercial vessels built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, naval surface combatants, cargo ships, barges, oil drilling platforms, passenger ships, tugboats, research vessels, submarines, and fishing vessels. 2. Consists of government and commercial vessels not built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, commercial fishing boats, motorboats (inboard and outboard), inflatables, tour boats, sailboats, and underwater remotely operated vehicles. Activity associated with the manufacture of boats and other watercraft used for recreational purposes is included in tourism and recreation sector. 3. Consists of, but are not limited to, hovercraft, personal watercrafts, pontoon boats, life rafts and associated expenses such as repair services, insurance, fuel, etc. 4. Consists of swimming, snorkeling, scuba diving, surfing, and related water activities. Table 3. Marine Economy Value Added by Activity as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 Total marine economy 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.9 2 Living resources, marine 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3 Commercial harvest, seafood markets, and processing 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4 Commercial harvest and seafood markets 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 Seafood processing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 Fish-based animal foods 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 Pharmaceuticals, marine-based 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8 Construction, coastal and marine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9 Conservation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 Dredging 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11 Recreation facilities 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12 Research and education, marine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13 Scientific research 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14 National defense research and development (R&D) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 Federal nondefense R&D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16 State and local R&D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17 Nonacademic R&D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 Educational programs and courses 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19 Vocational training 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 Laboratories 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 Transportation and warehousing, marine 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 22 Freight transportation 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 23 Passenger transportation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24 Warehousing and storage 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 Professional and technical services, marine 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26 Minerals, offshore 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 27 Oil and gas 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 28 Sand and gravel 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29 Support services 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 Utilities, coastal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31 Traditional power generation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32 Ship and boat building, nonrecreational 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33 Ship building 1 34 Barges and other nonpropelled ships 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 Military ships 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36 Other ships 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37 Boat building 2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38 Fishing boats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39 Tugboats and towboats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 Outboard motorboats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41 Inboard motorboats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42 Other boats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43 Tourism and recreation, coastal and offshore 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 44 Guided tours 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 Water guided tours 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46 Other scenic tours 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47 Recreational fishing, offshore 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48 Boating and paddling, offshore 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 49 Sailing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 Motorboating 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 51 Canoeing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52 Kayaking 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53 Other boating and paddling 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 54 Other water activities 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 Other coastal recreation 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 56 Maritime museums and cultural institutions 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57 Beachgoing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58 Amusement parks 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59 Hiking and camping 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 RVing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61 Photography 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 62 Other general expenses 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 63 Trips and travel, coastal 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 64 Eating and drinking places 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 65 Hotel and lodging places 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 66 Travel arrangement services 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67 Transportation services 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 68 National defense and public administration 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 69 National defense and coast guard 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 70 Federal public administration 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71 State and local public administration 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1. Consists of government and commercial vessels built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, naval surface combatants, cargo ships, barges, oil drilling platforms, passenger ships, tugboats, research vessels, submarines, and fishing vessels. 2. Consists of government and commercial vessels not built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, commercial fishing boats, motorboats (inboard and outboard), inflatables, tour boats, sailboats, and underwater remote operated vehicles. Activity associated with the manufacture of boats and other water craft used for recreational purposes is included in tourism and recreation sector. 2. Consists of government and commercial vessels not built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, commercial fishing boats, motorboats (inboard and outboard), 4. Consists of swimming, snorkeling, scuba diving, surfing, and related water activities. Table 4. Marine Economy Value Added by Activity as a Percentage of Total Marine Economy Value Added 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 Total marine economy 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2 Living resources, marine 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.2 4.3 3 Commercial harvest, seafood markets, and processing 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.2 4 Commercial harvest and seafood markets 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.0 5 Seafood processing 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 6 Fish-based animal foods 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7 Pharmaceuticals, marine-based 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.1 8 Construction, coastal and marine 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.1 9 Conservation 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.6 10 Dredging 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 11 Recreation facilities 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 12 Research and education, marine 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.3 1.8 13 Scientific research 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.3 14 National defense research and development (R&D) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 Federal nondefense R&D 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 16 State and local R&D 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 17 Nonacademic R&D 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 18 Educational programs and courses 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 19 Vocational training 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 Laboratories 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21 Transportation and warehousing, marine 6.5 6.9 6.7 6.6 7.0 6.8 6.5 6.4 22 Freight transportation 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.9 4.9 23 Passenger transportation 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 0.9 0.8 24 Warehousing and storage 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 25 Professional and technical services, marine 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 26 Minerals, offshore 21.1 14.7 12.5 13.1 13.6 13.1 10.7 13.1 27 Oil and gas 20.7 14.3 12.1 12.6 13.1 12.7 10.3 12.7 28 Sand and gravel 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 29 Support services 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 Utilities, coastal 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 31 Traditional power generation 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 32 Ship and boat building, nonrecreational 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.4 2.3 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.1 2.0 33 Ship building 1 34 Barges and other nonpropelled ships 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 Military ships 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 2.0 2.0 36 Other ships 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 37 Boat building 2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 38 Fishing boats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39 Tugboats and towboats 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 40 Outboard motorboats 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 41 Inboard motorboats 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 42 Other boats 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 43 Tourism and recreation, coastal and offshore 32.8 35.8 37.1 37.7 38.3 38.3 33.3 35.4 44 Guided tours 1.9 1.9 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.3 1.4 45 Water guided tours 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.9 46 Other scenic tours 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.6 47 Recreational fishing, offshore 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 48 Boating and paddling, offshore 5.9 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.6 6.6 49 Sailing 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 50 Motorboating 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.9 4.7 51 Canoeing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52 Kayaking 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 53 Other boating and paddling 3 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.5 4 54 Other water activities 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 55 Other coastal recreation 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 56 Maritime museums and cultural institutions 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 57 Beachgoing 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58 Amusement parks 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 59 Hiking and camping 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 60 RVing 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 61 Photography 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 62 Other general expenses 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 63 Trips and travel, coastal 20.1 22.3 23.7 23.7 24.2 24.4 19.7 21.6 64 Eating and drinking places 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 1.7 3.1 65 Hotel and lodging places 13.4 14.8 15.5 15.6 15.6 15.9 16.1 15.3 66 Travel arrangement services 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 67 Transportation services 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.7 4.6 1.6 3.0 68 National defense and public administration 29.7 31.2 32.1 31.2 29.9 30.0 35.9 32.4 69 National defense and coast guard 28.0 29.5 30.3 29.3 28.0 28.2 33.7 30.5 70 Federal public administration 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.9 71 State and local public administration 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1. Consists of government and commercial vessels built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, naval surface combatants, cargo ships, barges, oil drilling platforms, passenger ships, tugboats, research vessels, submarines, and fishing vessels. 2. Consists of government and commercial vessels not built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, commercial fishing boats, motorboats (inboard and outboard), inflatables, tour boats, sailboats, and underwater remote operated vehicles. Activity associated with the manufacture of boats and other water craft used for recreational purposes is included in tourism and recreation sector. 2. Consists of government and commercial vessels not built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, commercial fishing boats, motorboats (inboard and outboard), 4. Consists of swimming, snorkeling, scuba diving, surfing, and related water activities. Table 5. Real Marine Economy Value Added by Industry [Millions of chained (2014) dollars] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 All industries Private industries Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting Farms Forestry, fishing, and related activities Mining Oil and gas extraction Mining, except oil and gas Support activities for mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Wood products Nonmetallic mineral products Primary metals Fabricated metal products Machinery Computer and electronic products Electrical equipment, appliances, and components Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts Other transportation equipment Furniture and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and beverage and tobacco products Textile mills and textile product mills Apparel and leather and allied products Paper products Printing and related support activities Petroleum and coal products Chemical products Plastics and rubber products Wholesale trade Retail trade Motor vehicle and parts dealers Food and beverage stores General merchandise stores Other retail Transportation and warehousing Air transportation Rail transportation Water transportation Truck transportation Transit and ground passenger transportation Pipeline transportation Other transportation and support activities Warehousing and storage Information Publishing industries, except internet (includes software) Motion picture and sound recording industries Broadcasting and telecommunications Data processing, internet publishing, and other information services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing Finance and insurance Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation, and related activities Securities, commodity contracts, and investments Insurance carriers and related activities Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles Real estate and rental and leasing Real estate Housing Other real estate Rental and leasing services and lessors of intangible assets Professional and business services Professional, scientific, and technical services Legal services Computer systems design and related services Miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services Management of companies and enterprises Administrative and waste management services Administrative and support services Waste management and remediation services Educational services, health care, and social assistance Educational services Health care and social assistance Ambulatory health care services Hospitals Nursing and residential care facilities Social assistance Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services Arts, entertainment, and recreation Performing arts, spectator sports, museums, and related activities Amusements, gambling, and recreation industries Accommodation and food services Accommodation 2014 382,684 261,817 4,797 441 4,356 70,466 53,033 676 16,756 5,833 2,932 24,559 12,681 4 32 2 130 3,758 124 207 108 7,884 13 420 11,877 1,956 85 341 0 1 8,930 518 46 14,810 18,070 2,408 2,095 2,697 10,871 35,206 4,391 580 13,460 2,983 1,015 2,239 9,618 920 395 102 14 152 127 45,447 4,236 124 0 4,111 0 41,211 40,193 40,191 2 1,018 4,622 1,664 432 33 1,200 32 2,926 2,923 3 1,961 1,858 102 28 62 8 4 29,986 7,835 1,081 6,755 22,151 12,764 2015 385,015 265,304 5,050 446 4,605 70,532 58,712 647 12,782 6,817 2,880 24,910 13,087 4 35 1 113 3,044 189 182 110 8,994 11 414 11,818 2,146 80 325 0 1 8,707 505 45 14,389 18,435 2,762 2,061 2,899 10,734 34,350 4,624 517 11,485 3,045 989 2,825 9,976 965 417 110 15 152 141 46,388 4,770 131 0 4,639 0 41,624 40,201 40,199 2 1,457 4,658 1,637 437 40 1,161 31 2,990 2,985 6 2,048 1,934 114 33 68 8 5 31,239 7,591 866 6,723 23,649 13,927 2016 378,977 258,516 4,914 483 4,432 66,484 62,291 759 8,471 7,535 3,321 21,557 11,198 4 37 1 68 2,015 148 146 106 8,239 8 441 10,369 1,840 82 355 0 1 7,497 510 38 13,131 18,709 2,941 2,076 2,871 10,850 33,476 6,341 337 9,571 3,033 1,153 2,875 9,248 1,186 456 127 19 133 179 46,705 4,876 131 0 4,745 0 41,837 40,070 40,068 2 1,896 4,759 1,617 448 27 1,141 50 3,091 3,086 7 2,039 1,909 131 45 73 8 5 31,214 7,851 917 6,932 23,364 13,351 2017 376,583 257,966 4,731 488 4,246 61,191 56,378 808 8,206 7,691 3,443 23,459 11,803 3 34 0 58 2,350 122 259 47 8,401 8 533 11,738 1,636 66 306 2 0 9,344 571 38 13,190 19,800 3,222 2,199 3,196 11,244 32,355 5,535 361 8,917 3,146 1,232 2,970 9,171 1,331 456 127 16 136 179 46,437 4,466 131 0 4,334 0 41,954 40,111 40,108 2 2,003 5,171 1,632 446 57 1,130 41 3,494 3,489 6 2,036 1,901 136 49 74 8 5 31,822 7,977 862 7,114 23,845 13,550 2018 380,630 264,571 4,892 483 4,409 58,100 50,925 797 9,671 6,865 3,321 26,150 12,734 4 31 0 59 2,601 117 294 34 9,019 7 578 13,541 1,391 85 282 0 0 11,719 630 31 13,726 20,416 3,110 2,175 3,201 11,960 35,394 6,547 414 9,553 3,120 1,286 3,184 10,241 1,450 490 142 17 127 209 47,957 4,493 115 0 4,380 0 43,434 41,372 41,370 2 2,298 5,539 1,762 447 44 1,272 42 3,731 3,725 6 1,885 1,747 138 54 72 8 5 31,986 8,060 943 7,115 23,928 13,508 2019 389,817 271,931 5,077 461 4,611 65,351 57,272 688 11,122 6,453 3,920 26,334 13,270 3 32 0 60 2,616 114 235 41 9,535 12 636 13,153 1,345 135 300 0 0 11,032 750 46 13,529 21,092 3,125 2,237 3,186 12,554 34,882 6,468 373 9,441 3,124 1,505 2,629 10,137 1,603 529 133 19 135 247 48,864 4,648 140 0 4,506 0 44,194 41,756 41,754 2 2,851 5,393 1,867 444 45 1,381 50 3,472 3,465 11 1,893 1,752 142 57 73 8 6 32,618 7,937 919 7,016 24,676 13,962 2020 366,295 239,985 4,857 449 4,403 68,298 63,955 894 8,817 6,824 3,968 24,389 13,961 4 33 0 73 2,439 114 186 71 10,295 9 754 10,029 1,158 93 368 0 1 6,870 942 70 12,190 19,474 3,928 2,142 3,473 10,181 28,094 2,013 223 8,981 2,817 909 2,412 9,050 1,789 542 106 19 152 267 48,113 4,491 145 0 4,343 0 43,591 41,753 41,751 2 1,886 2,718 2,062 407 35 1,625 51 551 547 15 1,826 1,712 114 63 44 4 7 19,204 4,884 875 4,030 14,306 9,606 2021 393,387 264,282 4,434 458 3,978 60,440 52,942 955 10,360 5,775 3,537 29,489 15,950 4 33 0 97 2,306 129 197 56 12,179 19 943 13,306 1,345 160 493 1 4 9,499 1,284 90 14,829 23,801 4,656 2,527 3,683 13,083 30,718 4,321 250 7,441 3,056 1,033 2,444 10,579 2,054 613 103 57 147 311 48,625 4,637 183 0 4,447 0 43,968 42,141 42,137 3 1,861 3,711 1,757 412 57 1,291 70 1,959 1,961 5 1,679 1,514 166 84 73 7 7 30,004 5,982 1,099 4,912 24,206 14,881 Table 5. Real Marine Economy Value Added by Industry [Millions of chained (2014) dollars] 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 87 Food services and drinking places 9,386 9,724 10,009 10,288 10,412 10,706 4,875 9,361 88 Other services, except government 2,734 2,757 2,799 2,738 2,483 2,524 2,731 2,842 89 Government 120,867 119,770 120,237 118,504 116,257 118,169 124,465 128,020 90 Federal 114,243 113,060 113,025 111,230 109,090 111,009 117,205 120,882 91 General government 114,192 113,011 112,976 111,177 109,036 110,956 117,158 120,832 92 National defense 104,898 104,001 103,789 101,566 99,316 101,095 106,701 110,142 93 Nondefense 9,294 9,010 9,187 9,605 9,709 9,850 10,445 10,678 94 Government enterprises 51 49 48 54 54 53 46 50 95 State and local 6,624 6,705 7,186 7,245 7,137 7,135 7,247 7,143 96 General government 3,392 3,625 3,719 3,877 3,781 3,877 3,703 3,545 97 Government enterprises 3,232 3,088 3,454 3,367 3,352 3,270 3,513 3,548 Note. Chained (2014) dollar series are calculated as the product of the chain-type quantity index and the 2014 current-dollar value of the corresponding series, divided by 100. Because the formula for the chain-type quantity indexes uses weights of more than one period, the corresponding chained-dollar estimates are usually not additive. Table 6. Marine Economy Value Added by Industry [Millions of current dollars] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 All industries Private industries Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting Farms Forestry, fishing, and related activities Mining Oil and gas extraction Mining, except oil and gas Support activities for mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Wood products Nonmetallic mineral products Primary metals Fabricated metal products Machinery Computer and electronic products Electrical equipment, appliances, and components Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts Other transportation equipment Furniture and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and beverage and tobacco products Textile mills and textile product mills Apparel and leather and allied products Paper products Printing and related support activities Petroleum and coal products Chemical products Plastics and rubber products Wholesale trade Retail trade Motor vehicle and parts dealers Food and beverage stores General merchandise stores Other retail Transportation and warehousing Air transportation Rail transportation Water transportation Truck transportation Transit and ground passenger transportation Pipeline transportation Other transportation and support activities Warehousing and storage Information Publishing industries, except internet (includes software) Motion picture and sound recording industries Broadcasting and telecommunications Data processing, internet publishing, and other information services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing Finance and insurance Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation, and related activities Securities, commodity contracts, and investments Insurance carriers and related activities Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles Real estate and rental and leasing Real estate Housing Other real estate Rental and leasing services and lessors of intangible assets Professional and business services Professional, scientific, and technical services Legal services Computer systems design and related services Miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services Management of companies and enterprises Administrative and waste management services Administrative and support services Waste management and remediation services Educational services, health care, and social assistance Educational services Health care and social assistance Ambulatory health care services Hospitals Nursing and residential care facilities Social assistance Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services Arts, entertainment, and recreation Performing arts, spectator sports, museums, and related activities Amusements, gambling, and recreation industries Accommodation and food services Accommodation 2014 382,684 261,817 4,797 441 4,356 70,466 53,033 676 16,756 5,833 2,932 24,559 12,681 4 32 2 130 3,758 124 207 108 7,884 13 420 11,877 1,956 85 341 0 1 8,930 518 46 14,810 18,070 2,408 2,095 2,697 10,871 35,206 4,391 580 13,460 2,983 1,015 2,239 9,618 920 395 102 14 152 127 45,447 4,236 124 0 4,111 0 41,211 40,193 40,191 2 1,018 4,622 1,664 432 33 1,200 32 2,926 2,923 3 1,961 1,858 102 28 62 8 4 29,986 7,835 1,081 6,755 22,151 12,764 2015 366,398 244,058 4,496 425 4,071 43,747 30,416 504 12,827 6,118 3,003 25,040 13,542 4 36 1 121 3,177 180 191 115 9,271 13 432 11,498 2,237 83 334 0 1 8,221 574 47 14,986 19,017 2,656 2,213 2,820 11,329 37,183 4,876 515 13,375 3,235 1,041 2,893 10,261 987 420 110 15 153 142 47,590 4,785 133 0 4,651 0 42,805 41,527 41,524 2 1,278 4,818 1,701 453 41 1,207 32 3,085 3,082 3 2,098 1,982 116 33 70 8 4 32,686 7,962 899 7,063 24,723 14,476 2016 359,378 235,557 4,687 416 4,271 35,931 27,580 531 7,820 5,952 3,503 20,334 11,646 4 40 1 76 2,107 129 155 114 8,552 10 457 8,688 1,975 87 367 0 1 5,571 645 42 14,146 19,792 2,830 2,342 2,813 11,807 37,514 6,743 330 11,697 3,272 1,261 3,073 9,921 1,218 462 126 19 143 175 49,234 4,924 138 0 4,786 0 44,309 42,841 42,838 3 1,468 5,003 1,673 477 27 1,169 50 3,280 3,277 3 2,136 2,001 135 45 77 9 4 33,875 8,482 981 7,501 25,393 14,394 2017 369,487 245,626 4,675 447 4,228 39,107 30,953 700 7,453 6,119 3,668 22,681 12,073 3 38 0 63 2,416 106 272 51 8,579 9 534 10,609 1,973 69 322 2 0 7,449 753 41 14,525 20,899 2,986 2,488 3,125 12,299 37,211 5,810 361 11,607 3,398 1,344 3,177 10,107 1,408 472 126 17 153 175 50,321 4,458 141 0 4,318 0 45,863 44,332 44,330 3 1,530 5,595 1,749 493 59 1,197 42 3,804 3,801 3 2,193 2,050 143 49 81 9 5 35,093 8,628 955 7,673 26,465 14,872 2018 389,773 264,394 5,092 437 4,656 43,554 35,308 724 7,522 6,241 3,624 26,034 12,842 4 36 0 65 2,647 104 306 37 9,068 8 567 13,192 1,976 87 302 0 0 9,947 847 33 15,091 21,534 2,961 2,539 3,072 12,962 41,523 6,853 427 12,828 3,591 1,365 3,420 11,431 1,608 511 140 19 147 206 53,310 4,456 136 0 4,319 0 48,855 47,077 47,075 3 1,777 6,138 1,960 509 47 1,404 45 4,132 4,129 3 2,075 1,927 147 52 81 9 5 36,742 9,029 1,037 7,993 27,712 15,617 2019 403,466 272,929 5,168 417 4,751 43,875 34,733 572 8,570 6,379 4,502 25,892 13,797 3 37 0 70 2,725 106 249 37 9,863 16 690 12,095 2,266 140 321 0 1 8,274 1,041 52 15,390 22,728 3,132 2,667 3,172 13,757 42,110 7,222 409 12,828 3,721 1,590 3,020 11,577 1,743 568 133 21 165 249 56,093 4,715 167 0 4,548 0 51,377 49,210 49,207 3 2,168 6,175 2,142 526 48 1,568 55 3,978 3,975 3 2,135 1,979 155 57 83 9 6 38,794 9,285 1,025 8,260 29,509 16,657 2020 363,217 222,939 4,615 389 4,226 29,824 23,336 672 5,816 6,088 4,677 22,073 14,798 5 40 0 88 2,588 110 203 64 10,897 14 789 7,275 2,013 99 387 0 1 3,340 1,352 83 13,645 22,787 3,925 2,711 3,374 12,777 30,603 1,930 252 8,792 3,384 934 2,914 10,471 1,925 616 117 22 195 282 56,867 4,799 172 0 4,626 0 52,068 50,737 50,735 3 1,331 3,199 2,522 511 40 1,971 59 618 615 3 2,117 1,988 129 64 53 5 7 22,388 6,303 1,038 5,264 16,085 9,862 2021 432,397 281,624 4,716 438 4,278 46,523 40,051 710 5,762 7,557 4,257 28,576 16,361 6 42 1 110 2,323 127 208 55 12,480 24 985 12,215 2,299 164 489 1 4 7,291 1,868 98 17,493 28,958 4,766 3,168 3,814 17,211 37,215 3,583 279 10,218 4,151 1,090 3,113 12,435 2,344 718 115 68 193 342 59,065 4,977 213 0 4,765 0 54,087 52,287 52,284 4 1,800 4,400 2,207 542 67 1,597 84 2,110 2,106 4 2,014 1,819 195 87 91 9 8 36,387 7,799 1,299 6,500 28,589 16,152 Table 6. Marine Economy Value Added by Industry [Millions of current dollars] 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 Food services and drinking places Other services, except government Government Federal General government National defense Nondefense Government enterprises State and local General government Government enterprises 2014 9,386 2,734 120,867 114,243 114,192 104,898 9,294 51 6,624 3,392 3,232 2015 10,247 2,855 122,341 115,122 115,072 105,902 9,171 49 7,219 3,614 3,605 2016 10,999 2,988 123,820 116,190 116,140 106,655 9,485 50 7,630 3,709 3,921 2017 11,593 3,066 123,861 116,208 116,150 105,983 10,168 58 7,653 3,907 3,747 2018 12,096 2,923 125,380 117,465 117,408 106,739 10,669 57 7,914 3,906 4,008 2019 12,853 3,122 130,537 122,223 122,166 111,093 11,073 56 8,314 4,050 4,264 2020 6,223 3,439 140,278 131,847 131,797 119,921 11,876 50 8,430 3,965 4,465 2021 12,436 3,745 150,773 141,766 141,706 129,229 12,478 60 9,007 3,911 5,096 Table 7. Real Marine Economy Gross Output by Activity [Millions of chained (2014) dollars] 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 Total marine economy 653,834 654,398 639,064 644,921 658,854 682,671 608,118 671,996 2 Living resources, marine 22,719 24,412 24,817 25,724 25,457 26,433 27,337 31,016 3 Commercial harvest, seafood markets, and processing 21,549 22,893 23,156 23,925 23,270 23,605 22,920 23,627 4 Commercial harvest and seafood markets 10,849 11,229 11,778 11,994 11,841 11,795 11,216 11,990 5 Seafood processing 10,700 11,656 11,389 11,933 11,441 11,809 11,683 11,651 6 Fish-based animal foods 175 190 197 112 120 117 128 124 7 Pharmaceuticals, marine-based 995 1,319 1,447 1,648 2,017 2,639 4,121 6,941 8 Construction, coastal and marine 5,267 5,630 6,514 6,446 5,947 7,134 7,105 6,044 9 Conservation 3,281 3,628 4,628 4,519 3,801 3,962 4,046 3,353 10 Dredging 260 284 358 286 335 790 711 717 11 Recreation facilities 1,726 1,718 1,531 1,644 1,813 2,380 2,347 1,975 12 Research and education, marine 8,426 8,812 9,142 9,416 9,395 10,101 11,171 10,260 13 Scientific research 5,297 5,462 5,921 6,204 6,558 7,262 8,276 7,755 14 National defense research and development (R&D) 145 146 141 135 136 140 148 158 15 Federal nondefense R&D 1,417 1,505 1,634 1,703 1,744 1,906 2,469 2,605 16 State and local R&D 1,798 1,952 2,040 2,142 2,181 2,252 2,266 2,282 17 Nonacademic R&D 1,936 1,862 2,105 2,223 2,491 2,944 3,338 2,689 18 Educational programs and courses 2,815 3,005 2,871 2,868 2,520 2,674 2,762 2,373 19 Vocational training 266 289 298 291 283 139 120 123 20 Laboratories 49 55 59 63 55 56 54 53 21 Transportation and warehousing, marine 59,966 59,707 58,898 61,599 63,890 63,865 48,901 57,114 22 Freight transportation 38,995 38,646 37,761 38,188 38,014 35,870 34,755 41,683 23 Passenger transportation 18,422 18,510 18,360 20,235 22,597 24,625 9,814 10,362 24 Warehousing and storage 2,548 2,550 2,764 3,084 3,163 3,347 3,510 3,978 25 Professional and technical services, marine 5,957 6,286 6,570 6,536 6,402 6,445 6,345 6,597 26 Minerals, offshore 134,296 123,711 98,483 96,430 101,425 111,428 99,127 96,615 27 Oil and gas 131,176 120,555 95,401 93,015 97,996 108,343 96,257 93,732 28 Sand and gravel 2,511 2,543 2,464 2,734 2,738 2,518 2,363 2,277 29 Support services 610 581 486 476 501 474 393 465 30 Utilities, coastal 13,752 16,080 16,521 16,080 15,530 14,837 14,888 13,478 31 Traditional power generation 13,752 16,080 16,521 16,080 15,530 14,837 14,888 13,478 32 Ship and boat building, nonrecreational 13,475 16,594 14,834 15,925 16,258 16,878 17,261 19,884 33 Ship building 1 10,794 13,470 12,001 13,111 13,565 14,494 15,116 17,467 34 Barges and other nonpropelled ships 239 186 189 142 106 95 103 113 35 Military ships 9,899 12,606 11,146 12,459 12,953 13,968 14,609 16,903 36 Other ships 656 680 666 514 511 436 410 459 37 Boat building 2 2,681 3,126 2,834 2,821 2,704 2,413 2,193 2,476 38 Fishing boats 151 128 96 54 53 45 42 48 39 Tugboats and towboats 466 521 545 464 455 390 363 409 40 Outboard motorboats 202 303 226 587 668 528 413 426 41 Inboard motorboats 652 869 744 558 495 503 512 631 42 Other boats 1,209 1,306 1,223 1,161 1,037 948 865 964 43 Tourism and recreation, coastal and offshore 217,015 220,555 225,132 230,449 238,992 242,039 182,057 231,817 44 Guided tours 15,658 14,386 13,190 15,489 16,594 16,167 10,336 14,154 45 Water guided tours 9,597 8,608 7,442 9,350 10,140 10,206 6,739 8,546 46 Other scenic tours 6,061 5,778 5,747 6,138 6,453 5,962 3,600 5,599 47 Recreational fishing, offshore 2,873 3,252 4,331 5,239 5,404 5,111 5,182 5,898 48 Boating and paddling, offshore 50,118 51,059 51,445 53,097 53,371 54,440 51,282 56,151 49 Sailing 2,041 2,062 2,210 2,255 2,243 2,559 1,682 1,595 50 Motorboating 32,074 33,125 33,703 35,017 34,944 35,445 35,584 37,845 51 Canoeing 59 61 65 119 100 110 172 323 52 Kayaking 183 183 179 190 178 177 245 430 3 53 Other boating and paddling 15,761 15,596 15,147 15,313 15,753 15,946 13,157 15,687 4 2,849 3,177 3,102 3,105 3,188 3,765 4,194 4,877 54 Other water activities 55 Other coastal recreation 29,757 30,195 30,205 30,767 31,183 31,552 27,186 31,989 56 Maritime museums and cultural institutions 1,887 1,713 1,691 1,651 1,748 1,798 1,581 1,792 57 Beachgoing 240 237 237 242 234 261 243 308 58 Amusement parks 2,282 2,424 2,575 2,440 2,626 2,558 1,538 2,095 59 Hiking and camping 1,388 1,388 1,335 1,254 1,337 1,542 1,568 2,074 60 RVing 10,894 10,637 10,485 10,552 10,852 11,164 9,528 10,298 61 Photography 253 359 284 282 248 283 296 321 62 Other general expenses 12,812 13,411 13,535 14,286 14,061 13,890 12,511 15,031 63 Trips and travel, coastal 115,760 118,514 122,829 122,697 128,935 130,744 85,509 119,544 64 Eating and drinking places 17,509 18,360 18,941 19,504 19,938 20,545 9,062 18,571 65 Hotel and lodging places 64,380 65,383 66,122 66,365 67,573 68,295 59,047 68,230 66 Travel arrangement services 2,909 3,230 3,546 3,815 4,133 4,299 2,049 2,666 67 Transportation services 30,962 31,527 34,594 33,078 38,011 38,303 12,513 28,844 68 National defense and public administration 172,959 171,447 172,005 169,389 168,984 177,655 187,410 189,847 69 National defense and coast guard 163,543 162,226 162,668 159,683 159,076 167,585 175,957 177,147 70 Federal public administration 8,440 8,204 8,282 8,591 8,796 8,897 10,189 11,401 71 State and local public administration 976 1,018 1,057 1,110 1,103 1,173 1,242 1,248 1. Consists of government and commercial vessels built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, naval surface combatants, cargo ships, barges, oil drilling platforms, passenger ships, tugboats, research vessels, submarines, and fishing vessels. 2. Consists of government and commercial vessels not built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, commercial fishing boats, motorboats (inboard and outboard), inflatables, tour boats, sailboats, and underwater remotely operated vehicles. Activity associated with the manufacture of boats and other watercraft used for recreational purposes is included in tourism and recreation sector. 3. Consists of, but are not limited to, hovercraft, personal watercrafts, pontoon boats, life rafts and associated expenses such as repair services, insurance, fuel, etc. 4. Consists of swimming, snorkeling, scuba diving, surfing, and related water activities. Note. Chained (2014) dollar series are calculated as the product of the chain-type quantity index and the 2014 current-dollar value of the corresponding series, divided by 100. Because the formula for the chain-type quantity indexes uses weights of more than one period, the corresponding chained-dollar estimates are usually not additive. Table 8. Marine Economy Gross Output by Activity [Millions of current dollars] 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 Total marine economy 653,834 614,479 595,206 623,124 665,946 695,021 600,700 730,018 2 Living resources, marine 22,719 23,754 24,567 26,359 27,098 28,777 29,640 35,651 3 Commercial harvest, seafood markets, and processing 21,549 22,219 22,889 24,520 24,791 25,670 24,699 27,280 4 Commercial harvest and seafood markets 10,849 10,599 11,420 11,915 12,315 12,345 11,455 13,371 5 Seafood processing 10,700 11,620 11,469 12,605 12,476 13,325 13,245 13,909 6 Fish-based animal foods 175 164 160 94 104 102 113 119 7 Pharmaceuticals, marine-based 995 1,372 1,519 1,744 2,203 3,006 4,827 8,252 8 Construction, coastal and marine 5,267 5,689 6,591 6,671 6,401 7,955 8,028 7,233 9 Conservation 3,281 3,667 4,658 4,672 4,073 4,404 4,544 3,944 10 Dredging 260 287 361 296 359 879 800 843 11 Recreation facilities 1,726 1,735 1,572 1,703 1,968 2,672 2,684 2,446 12 Research and education, marine 8,426 8,852 9,229 9,718 9,993 10,932 12,369 11,625 13 Scientific research 5,297 5,441 5,895 6,311 6,902 7,761 9,055 8,643 14 National defense research and development (R&D) 145 145 141 137 143 149 160 172 15 Federal nondefense R&D 1,417 1,526 1,687 1,793 1,910 2,132 2,779 2,920 16 State and local R&D 1,798 1,870 1,946 2,075 2,172 2,250 2,291 2,372 17 Nonacademic R&D 1,936 1,901 2,121 2,307 2,678 3,229 3,825 3,179 18 Educational programs and courses 2,815 3,061 2,965 3,031 2,725 2,956 3,119 2,781 19 Vocational training 266 293 308 309 307 153 135 142 20 Laboratories 49 57 61 67 60 62 60 59 21 Transportation and warehousing, marine 59,966 59,833 59,800 64,551 69,666 70,625 52,655 65,485 22 Freight transportation 38,995 38,578 37,109 39,528 41,746 40,895 39,071 49,860 23 Passenger transportation 18,422 18,666 19,865 21,782 24,472 26,086 9,763 11,023 24 Warehousing and storage 2,548 2,589 2,826 3,241 3,448 3,644 3,821 4,602 25 Professional and technical services, marine 5,957 6,391 6,721 6,730 6,668 6,898 7,123 7,638 26 Minerals, offshore 134,296 95,848 71,624 77,768 89,878 93,718 68,568 93,130 27 Oil and gas 131,176 92,899 68,889 74,587 86,527 90,629 65,744 90,099 28 Sand and gravel 2,511 2,354 2,227 2,673 2,802 2,555 2,380 2,495 29 Support services 610 596 508 509 549 534 444 536 30 Utilities, coastal 13,752 14,195 13,307 13,390 14,302 14,186 13,066 16,511 31 Traditional power generation 13,752 14,195 13,307 13,390 14,302 14,186 13,066 16,511 32 Ship and boat building, nonrecreational 13,475 16,689 14,924 16,053 16,491 17,320 17,924 20,859 33 Ship building 1 10,794 13,515 12,010 13,154 13,685 14,727 15,501 18,019 34 Barges and other nonpropelled ships 239 186 187 141 105 100 111 129 35 Military ships 9,899 12,631 11,138 12,487 13,066 14,181 14,958 17,388 36 Other ships 656 698 686 526 514 445 432 502 37 Boat building 2 2,681 3,174 2,913 2,899 2,806 2,593 2,423 2,840 38 Fishing boats 151 131 99 55 53 47 45 52 39 Tugboats and towboats 466 535 561 475 457 400 384 450 40 Outboard motorboats 202 306 230 600 704 584 464 505 41 Inboard motorboats 652 872 765 581 531 561 583 744 42 Other boats 1,209 1,330 1,257 1,188 1,060 1,002 946 1,089 43 Tourism and recreation, coastal and offshore 217,015 211,192 215,019 227,979 246,582 253,144 186,908 256,504 44 Guided tours 15,658 14,708 13,727 16,391 18,007 18,023 11,909 16,670 45 Water guided tours 9,597 8,796 7,743 9,894 10,984 11,365 7,714 10,000 46 Other scenic tours 6,061 5,912 5,983 6,497 7,023 6,658 4,194 6,669 47 Recreational fishing, offshore 2,873 3,267 4,364 5,317 5,536 5,460 5,540 6,623 48 Boating and paddling, offshore 50,118 44,541 43,171 47,146 50,710 51,307 46,062 58,256 49 Sailing 2,041 2,101 2,282 2,344 2,409 2,831 1,943 1,912 50 Motorboating 32,074 29,942 29,724 32,292 34,167 34,809 33,878 40,711 51 Canoeing 59 62 67 125 107 121 194 392 52 Kayaking 183 186 186 203 197 205 286 541 3 53 Other boating and paddling 15,761 12,249 10,912 12,183 13,830 13,340 9,760 14,700 4 2,849 3,208 3,159 3,180 3,322 4,008 4,587 5,845 54 Other water activities 55 Other coastal recreation 29,757 29,001 28,755 30,067 31,303 31,950 26,812 34,150 56 Maritime museums and cultural institutions 1,887 1,747 1,751 1,758 1,866 1,952 1,794 2,064 57 Beachgoing 240 237 240 247 241 276 261 357 58 Amusement parks 2,282 2,520 2,781 2,723 3,009 3,055 1,954 2,774 59 Hiking and camping 1,388 1,422 1,338 1,277 1,391 1,632 1,656 2,335 60 RVing 10,894 9,295 8,821 9,458 10,415 10,555 8,314 10,430 61 Photography 253 347 257 262 234 261 284 329 62 Other general expenses 12,812 13,434 13,566 14,341 14,147 14,219 12,547 15,860 63 Trips and travel, coastal 115,760 116,468 121,844 125,878 137,702 142,397 91,998 134,961 64 Eating and drinking places 17,509 18,924 20,019 21,115 22,159 23,425 10,767 23,054 65 Hotel and lodging places 64,380 67,218 70,056 72,408 76,443 79,683 68,806 82,030 66 Travel arrangement services 2,909 3,248 3,587 3,873 4,230 4,491 2,100 2,754 67 Transportation services 30,962 27,077 28,182 28,483 34,870 34,798 10,324 27,123 68 National defense and public administration 172,959 172,036 173,425 173,904 178,867 191,466 204,418 215,381 69 National defense and coast guard 163,543 162,745 163,933 163,802 168,193 180,391 191,685 200,755 70 Federal public administration 8,440 8,290 8,463 8,998 9,534 9,865 11,420 13,212 71 State and local public administration 976 1,002 1,029 1,105 1,140 1,211 1,314 1,415 1. Consists of government and commercial vessels built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, naval surface combatants, cargo ships, barges, oil drilling platforms, passenger ships, tugboats, research vessels, submarines, and fishing vessels. 2. Consists of government and commercial vessels not built in shipyards. Vessels include, but are not limited to, commercial fishing boats, motorboats (inboard and outboard), inflatables, tour boats, sailboats, and underwater remotely operated vehicles. Activity associated with the manufacture of boats and other watercraft used for recreational purposes is included in tourism and recreation sector. 3. Consists of, but are not limited to, hovercraft, personal watercrafts, pontoon boats, life rafts and associated expenses such as repair services, insurance, fuel, etc. 4. Consists of swimming, snorkeling, scuba diving, surfing, and related water activities. Table 9. Real Marine Economy Gross Output by Industry [Millions of chained (2014) dollars] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 All industries Private industries Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting Farms Forestry, fishing, and related activities Mining Oil and gas extraction Mining, except oil and gas Support activities for mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Wood products Nonmetallic mineral products Primary metals Fabricated metal products Machinery Computer and electronic products Electrical equipment, appliances, and components Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts Other transportation equipment Furniture and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and beverage and tobacco products Textile mills and textile product mills Apparel and leather and allied products Paper products Printing and related support activities Petroleum and coal products Chemical products Plastics and rubber products Wholesale trade Retail trade Motor vehicle and parts dealers Food and beverage stores General merchandise stores Other retail Transportation and warehousing Air transportation Rail transportation Water transportation Truck transportation Transit and ground passenger transportation Pipeline transportation Other transportation and support activities Warehousing and storage Information Publishing industries, except internet (includes software) Motion picture and sound recording industries Broadcasting and telecommunications Data processing, internet publishing, and other information services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing Finance and insurance Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation, and related activities Securities, commodity contracts, and investments Insurance carriers and related activities Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles Real estate and rental and leasing Real estate Housing Other real estate Rental and leasing services and lessors of intangible assets Professional and business services Professional, scientific, and technical services Legal services Computer systems design and related services Miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services Management of companies and enterprises Administrative and waste management services Administrative and support services Waste management and remediation services Educational services, health care, and social assistance Educational services Health care and social assistance Ambulatory health care services Hospitals Nursing and residential care facilities Social assistance Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services Arts, entertainment, and recreation Performing arts, spectator sports, museums, and related activities Amusements, gambling, and recreation industries Accommodation and food services Accommodation 2014 653,834 466,951 6,676 732 5,944 117,454 78,184 1,437 37,833 10,034 5,015 73,725 27,936 4 60 4 244 8,263 157 396 355 17,613 34 806 45,789 7,653 158 569 1 2 36,437 896 74 22,003 30,799 3,586 3,167 4,238 19,807 78,187 8,611 1,106 38,899 5,663 1,604 3,333 16,911 2,060 526 161 20 160 186 55,090 8,184 176 0 8,008 0 46,906 44,961 44,959 2 1,945 9,413 2,789 598 41 2,149 42 6,582 6,577 5 2,636 2,520 116 34 70 9 4 52,000 13,343 1,787 11,555 38,658 22,214 2015 654,398 467,759 6,740 753 5,987 109,307 73,388 1,493 34,364 11,675 5,342 75,967 28,724 4 64 3 208 6,179 222 323 362 20,491 33 837 47,261 8,448 152 542 1 2 36,997 925 73 20,681 32,278 4,221 3,162 4,505 20,405 78,561 8,868 945 37,267 6,047 1,665 3,510 18,189 2,068 563 176 21 159 207 56,242 8,850 181 0 8,669 0 47,396 45,080 45,077 2 2,334 9,611 2,696 600 49 2,046 40 6,876 6,868 7 2,808 2,679 129 40 75 8 5 53,535 13,289 1,621 11,668 40,246 22,952 2016 639,064 450,507 6,699 801 5,897 86,621 72,443 1,469 18,449 11,858 6,139 70,128 24,508 4 69 2 129 3,831 185 276 293 18,905 26 784 46,649 8,288 161 576 1 2 36,486 933 67 19,113 33,780 4,921 3,198 4,456 21,240 79,869 11,474 618 36,826 6,070 1,935 3,423 17,395 2,276 623 199 26 143 256 57,271 9,270 181 0 9,089 0 48,012 45,438 45,436 2 2,631 10,251 2,708 598 34 2,077 67 7,477 7,469 8 2,780 2,629 151 55 83 9 5 54,765 13,644 1,590 12,053 41,121 23,246 2017 644,921 459,602 6,902 810 6,091 83,846 70,591 1,493 17,501 11,620 6,013 74,637 27,884 3 62 1 114 4,644 145 480 137 21,348 30 913 46,928 8,400 135 472 4 1 36,642 1,022 79 19,863 35,547 5,169 3,372 4,850 22,202 81,796 9,869 648 39,388 6,290 2,185 3,578 17,291 2,550 635 202 22 148 264 57,493 9,355 186 0 9,169 0 48,152 45,486 45,483 2 2,744 11,202 2,854 617 76 2,162 57 8,291 8,284 7 2,829 2,670 158 60 85 9 5 55,719 13,851 1,569 12,283 41,867 23,435 2018 658,854 474,495 6,536 775 5,761 88,099 75,646 1,517 17,355 11,281 5,575 76,048 28,417 4 57 0 115 4,939 135 549 89 21,527 24 975 47,806 7,885 185 431 0 0 38,311 1,111 58 20,615 36,993 5,102 3,334 4,836 23,736 87,023 11,986 735 40,938 6,457 2,477 4,113 17,855 2,603 690 219 25 139 312 58,756 9,225 165 0 9,061 0 49,521 46,474 46,472 2 3,213 12,248 3,103 603 57 2,446 58 9,087 9,079 8 2,596 2,435 160 66 81 9 5 56,698 14,077 1,653 12,424 42,620 23,641 2019 682,671 489,170 6,456 756 5,698 98,596 81,729 1,468 21,950 10,816 6,755 77,074 28,800 3 58 0 118 4,793 131 460 99 22,030 42 1,057 48,452 8,169 249 493 1 1 38,020 1,294 100 20,195 37,795 5,034 3,486 4,764 24,496 87,278 12,307 695 40,839 6,458 2,525 4,194 17,666 2,758 756 204 28 151 378 60,220 9,721 192 0 9,529 0 50,512 46,982 46,980 2 3,829 12,877 3,458 599 58 2,807 72 9,345 9,335 11 2,515 2,352 163 70 80 9 6 57,623 14,132 1,700 12,432 43,489 23,936 2020 608,118 400,773 5,821 737 5,090 86,651 77,663 1,433 15,302 10,572 6,710 69,856 29,492 5 61 0 140 4,370 136 378 154 22,937 34 1,257 38,691 7,789 182 628 1 2 26,069 1,564 166 18,066 35,438 5,320 3,505 5,280 21,459 60,847 3,982 409 25,543 5,986 1,360 3,648 16,408 2,899 771 158 27 166 425 59,663 9,616 183 0 9,433 0 50,058 47,457 47,455 2 2,553 7,815 3,732 570 43 3,130 68 3,947 3,939 13 2,492 2,361 131 74 49 4 7 30,503 8,340 1,402 6,954 22,129 12,977 2021 671,996 463,111 5,426 705 4,727 82,652 73,049 1,407 15,277 9,976 5,720 79,409 31,925 5 59 0 162 4,012 159 376 111 25,342 48 1,611 46,366 7,681 286 868 1 7 33,764 2,062 173 23,068 45,172 6,234 3,980 5,675 29,216 74,360 8,691 450 27,429 7,026 1,738 3,914 21,786 3,267 871 149 96 164 467 60,785 10,120 216 0 9,903 0 50,706 47,985 47,981 3 2,699 10,348 3,055 585 71 2,400 92 7,240 7,234 8 2,278 2,092 186 95 79 7 7 50,989 10,279 1,705 8,593 40,934 22,794 Table 9. Real Marine Economy Gross Output by Industry [Millions of chained (2014) dollars] 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 87 Food services and drinking places 16,444 17,294 17,872 18,426 18,972 19,545 9,201 18,082 88 Other services, except government 3,393 3,423 3,478 3,475 3,140 3,242 3,305 3,491 89 Government 186,883 186,635 187,959 185,164 184,545 193,525 203,769 206,833 90 Federal 173,486 172,027 172,686 169,925 169,437 178,300 188,585 191,181 91 General government 173,382 171,926 172,589 169,828 169,342 178,206 188,512 191,092 92 National defense 160,451 159,226 159,608 156,473 155,746 164,311 172,633 173,657 93 Nondefense 12,932 12,701 12,979 13,343 13,577 13,886 15,835 17,360 94 Government enterprises 104 100 97 97 95 93 72 88 95 State and local 13,397 14,629 15,319 15,294 15,160 15,261 15,183 15,659 96 General government 4,964 5,299 5,525 5,692 5,603 5,842 5,868 5,692 97 Government enterprises 8,433 9,332 9,796 9,597 9,553 9,415 9,311 9,956 Note. Chained (2014) dollar series are calculated as the product of the chain-type quantity index and the 2014 current-dollar value of the corresponding series, divided by 100. Because the formula for the chain-type quantity indexes uses weights of more than one period, the corresponding chained-dollar estimates are usually not additive. Table 10. Marine Economy Gross Output by Industry [Millions of current dollars] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 All industries Private industries Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting Farms Forestry, fishing, and related activities Mining Oil and gas extraction Mining, except oil and gas Support activities for mining Utilities Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Wood products Nonmetallic mineral products Primary metals Fabricated metal products Machinery Computer and electronic products Electrical equipment, appliances, and components Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts Other transportation equipment Furniture and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and beverage and tobacco products Textile mills and textile product mills Apparel and leather and allied products Paper products Printing and related support activities Petroleum and coal products Chemical products Plastics and rubber products Wholesale trade Retail trade Motor vehicle and parts dealers Food and beverage stores General merchandise stores Other retail Transportation and warehousing Air transportation Rail transportation Water transportation Truck transportation Transit and ground passenger transportation Pipeline transportation Other transportation and support activities Warehousing and storage Information Publishing industries, except internet (includes software) Motion picture and sound recording industries Broadcasting and telecommunications Data processing, internet publishing, and other information services Finance, insurance, real estate, rental, and leasing Finance and insurance Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation, and related activities Securities, commodity contracts, and investments Insurance carriers and related activities Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles Real estate and rental and leasing Real estate Housing Other real estate Rental and leasing services and lessors of intangible assets Professional and business services Professional, scientific, and technical services Legal services Computer systems design and related services Miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services Management of companies and enterprises Administrative and waste management services Administrative and support services Waste management and remediation services Educational services, health care, and social assistance Educational services Health care and social assistance Ambulatory health care services Hospitals Nursing and residential care facilities Social assistance Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services Arts, entertainment, and recreation Performing arts, spectator sports, museums, and related activities Amusements, gambling, and recreation industries Accommodation and food services Accommodation 2014 653,834 466,951 6,676 732 5,944 117,454 78,184 1,437 37,833 10,034 5,015 73,725 27,936 4 60 4 244 8,263 157 396 355 17,613 34 806 45,789 7,653 158 569 1 2 36,437 896 74 22,003 30,799 3,586 3,167 4,238 19,807 78,187 8,611 1,106 38,899 5,663 1,604 3,333 16,911 2,060 526 161 20 160 186 55,090 8,184 176 0 8,008 0 46,906 44,961 44,959 2 1,945 9,413 2,789 598 41 2,149 42 6,582 6,577 5 2,636 2,520 116 34 70 9 4 52,000 13,343 1,787 11,555 38,658 22,214 2015 614,479 427,654 6,059 711 5,348 81,162 45,547 1,307 34,308 10,312 5,401 62,994 29,059 5 65 3 212 6,252 213 329 365 20,732 34 850 33,934 8,296 154 551 1 2 23,882 975 74 21,322 33,027 4,135 3,320 4,442 21,131 78,108 8,422 910 37,186 5,948 1,683 3,562 18,299 2,098 567 178 21 160 208 57,558 8,928 184 0 8,744 0 48,630 46,465 46,462 2 2,166 9,817 2,768 620 50 2,098 41 7,008 7,003 5 2,855 2,724 131 40 77 9 5 54,948 13,653 1,658 11,995 41,295 23,466 2016 595,206 406,399 6,288 689 5,599 59,342 40,267 1,223 17,852 9,581 6,219 54,172 24,811 5 72 2 132 3,855 164 282 297 19,181 28 792 29,361 8,140 163 588 1 2 19,353 1,043 70 20,218 35,211 4,848 3,474 4,425 22,464 79,992 10,648 586 36,979 5,935 2,005 3,590 17,924 2,324 633 199 26 154 254 60,149 9,441 189 0 9,251 0 50,708 48,436 48,433 3 2,272 10,601 2,782 630 34 2,119 67 7,752 7,747 5 2,872 2,717 155 55 86 9 5 57,455 14,258 1,657 12,601 43,196 24,303 2017 623,124 433,625 6,693 717 5,976 64,807 46,259 1,404 17,145 9,703 6,229 62,070 28,421 3 68 1 119 4,684 130 494 141 21,837 32 914 33,649 8,819 138 490 4 1 22,924 1,191 83 21,464 37,402 5,028 3,702 4,845 23,827 84,276 9,362 637 40,938 6,289 2,296 3,780 18,299 2,676 658 204 23 166 265 62,108 9,580 198 0 9,381 0 52,528 50,150 50,147 3 2,378 11,837 3,021 673 78 2,269 59 8,757 8,752 5 2,997 2,831 166 61 91 9 5 59,563 14,630 1,680 12,950 44,933 24,982 2018 665,946 470,971 6,659 686 5,973 76,088 58,316 1,494 16,278 10,394 6,005 68,184 29,351 4 64 1 123 5,033 122 569 94 22,337 27 978 38,833 8,582 191 455 0 0 28,213 1,331 62 22,455 39,425 5,103 3,776 4,817 25,729 93,309 11,807 763 44,673 6,863 2,631 4,406 19,329 2,836 723 221 27 160 315 65,369 9,548 191 0 9,358 0 55,821 52,972 52,969 3 2,849 13,238 3,392 675 61 2,655 63 9,783 9,777 6 2,810 2,639 170 66 90 10 6 62,706 15,340 1,779 13,561 47,366 26,277 2019 695,021 486,792 6,487 674 5,813 79,560 57,472 1,394 20,695 10,358 7,540 67,399 30,359 4 66 0 131 4,960 123 485 98 23,316 48 1,127 37,040 9,193 260 522 1 1 25,378 1,576 109 22,639 41,137 5,238 4,030 4,882 26,986 95,438 12,561 744 45,126 7,020 2,697 4,750 19,538 3,001 813 209 30 184 390 69,053 10,281 224 0 10,057 0 58,772 55,387 55,384 3 3,385 14,246 3,872 694 63 3,114 79 10,295 10,289 6 2,783 2,605 179 72 91 10 6 65,449 15,899 1,864 14,035 49,551 27,261 2020 600,700 379,232 5,533 631 4,902 54,940 40,064 1,299 13,578 9,313 7,588 55,563 31,527 6 72 0 157 4,574 132 405 153 24,673 40 1,314 24,035 8,736 193 660 1 2 12,313 1,946 184 20,100 40,610 5,561 4,227 5,338 25,484 64,503 3,597 438 26,672 6,480 1,425 4,297 18,441 3,153 866 173 31 210 452 70,237 10,518 215 0 10,303 0 59,719 57,561 57,558 3 2,158 8,778 4,353 692 49 3,613 78 4,346 4,340 6 2,824 2,676 148 77 58 5 8 34,348 9,999 1,606 8,393 24,349 13,428 2021 730,018 495,211 5,783 671 5,112 77,511 62,923 1,326 13,261 12,230 6,847 73,778 34,997 6 72 1 189 4,266 159 413 120 27,951 60 1,760 38,781 9,159 314 920 1 8 25,549 2,629 202 27,059 54,130 6,706 4,880 6,073 36,471 84,030 7,803 505 31,549 8,545 1,885 4,845 25,118 3,780 1,012 168 112 213 518 73,725 11,228 250 0 10,978 0 62,497 59,650 59,646 4 2,847 11,898 3,683 743 83 2,857 109 8,106 8,099 7 2,680 2,463 217 102 98 9 9 60,076 12,662 1,979 10,683 47,414 24,954 Table 10. Marine Economy Gross Output by Industry [Millions of current dollars] 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 Food services and drinking places Other services, except government Government Federal General government National defense Nondefense Government enterprises State and local General government Government enterprises 2014 16,444 3,393 186,883 173,486 173,382 160,451 12,932 104 13,397 4,964 8,433 2015 17,829 3,522 186,825 172,647 172,548 159,709 12,839 99 14,179 5,222 8,956 2016 18,893 3,665 188,807 174,180 174,082 160,802 13,280 98 14,627 5,430 9,197 2017 19,951 3,817 189,499 174,525 174,424 160,442 13,982 101 14,974 5,692 9,282 2018 21,089 3,605 194,975 179,433 179,333 164,600 14,734 99 15,542 5,774 9,767 2019 22,290 3,890 208,229 192,282 192,184 176,771 15,413 98 15,947 6,081 9,866 2020 10,921 4,029 221,468 205,795 205,718 187,964 17,754 77 15,673 6,180 9,493 2021 22,460 4,451 234,807 216,820 216,717 196,705 20,012 103 17,987 6,261 11,726