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EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 10:00 A.M. EST, Friday, March 4, 2022 Technical: Media: Christina Hovland (BEA) Jeannine Aversa (BEA) Tanya Harris Joshua (OIA) (301) 278-9076 (301) 278-9003 (202) 208-6008 BEA 22–07 Territories@bea.gov Jeannine.Aversa@bea.gov Tanya_Joshua@ios.doi.gov Gross Domestic Product for the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2020 Gross Domestic Product by Industry and Compensation by Industry, 2019 Real gross domestic product (GDP) for the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) decreased 2.2 percent in 2020 after increasing 2.8 percent in 2019 (table 1.3), according to statistics released today by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). These statistics were developed under the Statistical Improvement Program funded by the Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) of the U.S. Department of the Interior. GDP for 2020 The decrease in real GDP reflected decreases in exports of services, private fixed investment, personal consumption expenditures, and government spending (table 1.4). These decreases were partly offset by an increase in private inventory investment. Imports, a subtraction item in the calculation of GDP, declined. COVID-19 Impact on the 2020 USVI GDP Estimate The USVI economy was substantially affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to its effects on spending by consumers, visitors, businesses, and governments. The U.S. government passed several laws to support and sustain businesses and individuals through the pandemic. Expenditures funded by the various federal grants and transfer payments are reflected in the GDP estimates. However, the full effects of the pandemic cannot be quantified in the GDP statistics for the USVI because the impacts are generally embedded in source data and cannot be separately identified. Exports of services, which consists primarily of spending by visitors, decreased 43.5 percent (table 1.3). Total visitor arrivals declined 58.5 percent, according to statistics from the USVI government, reflecting the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Private fixed investment decreased 27.7 percent, reflecting declines in business spending on construction and equipment. Despite this decline, private-sector investment spending remained at an elevated level (table 1.2), supported by capital improvement projects ongoing in 2020 to resume oil refinery operations on St. Croix. Personal consumption expenditures decreased 5.0 percent, reflecting declines in spending on goods, such as motor vehicles and household appliances, and services, as nonessential businesses throughout the territory were subject to mandatory reductions in operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Government spending decreased 4.0 percent, reflecting a decrease in territorial government spending that was partly offset by an increase in federal government spending. Territorial government spending decreased 7.2 percent, reflecting a continued decline in disaster response and recovery activities following the 2017 hurricanes. Although spending in 2020 was supported by Coronavirus Relief Fund payments, prior year spending was elevated by expenditures funded by federal disaster grants. The declines in the components above were partly offset by an increase in private inventory investment, reflecting an increase in crude oil and other petroleum products imported and stored in the islands. Imports decreased 10.6 percent, reflecting declines in imports of goods including consumer goods and equipment and in imports of services. GDP by industry and compensation by industry for 2019 In 2019, GDP increased 2.8 percent. The newly available GDP by industry data, which are released on a 1-year lag, reveal that both the private sector and government sector contributed to growth in real GDP in 2019 (table 2.5). Growth in the private sector was widespread; the largest increase was in accommodation and food services, which increased 14.4 percent, reflecting growth in visitor spending (table 2.4). Goodsproducing industries increased 5.5 percent, reflecting an increase in construction activity, including construction related to the restart of the oil refinery on St. Croix. The government sector increased 2.5 percent, primarily reflecting increases in compensation for both federal and territorial government employees. -2- Total compensation increased in 2019, reflecting growth in all industries shown (table 2.6). The largest contributor was goods-producing industries, which includes the construction industry. The accompanying news release tables present estimates for GDP and its major components, GDP by industry, compensation by industry, and estimates of gross domestic income. Data Availability for the 2020 USVI GDP Estimate Due to lags in the availability of source data, in particular for territorial government spending and territorial government sales to the household sector, the estimates presented in the news release are preliminary for 2020. As of February 2022, most of the USVI government’s fiscal year 2020 audited financial statements were unavailable. In place of these financial statements, BEA used information from a variety of alternate data sources, including budget documents, unaudited operating statements, reports on federal grant expenditures, and the USVI government’s Open Finance database, which includes checkbook-level spending by the primary government. Updates to GDP and Related Estimates for Prior Years Estimates for 2018 and 2019 that were released on May 26, 2021, have been revised to incorporate updates to source data, including the following: • Newly available audited financial statements for the Government of USVI and its independent agencies and • Revised data on shipments from the U.S. Census Bureau's International Trade in Goods and Services (FT-900) report. The revised estimates exhibit a pattern of inflation-adjusted GDP growth similar to the previously published estimates (table 1.7). For more information on data sources underlying these estimates, see “Summary of Methodologies: Gross Domestic Product for American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.” Next release: First Quarter 2023 Gross Domestic Product for the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2021 U.S. Virgin Islands GDP by Industry and Compensation by Industry, 2020 -3- Additional Information Resources • • • • the rest of the world. Imports measures the portion of total USVI expenditures that is accounted for by goods and services provided by the rest of the world. Stay informed about BEA developments by reading The BEA Wire, signing up for BEA’s email subscription service, or following BEA on Twitter @BEA_News. Historical time series for gross domestic product for the U.S. territories can be accessed at BEA’s website. For more on BEA’s statistics, see our monthly online journal, the Survey of Current Business. For upcoming economic indicators, see BEA’s news release schedule. Government consumption expenditures and gross investment, or “government spending,” measures the portion of GDP that is accounted for by the government sector. Government consumption expenditures consists of spending by government to produce and provide services to the public. Gross investment consists of spending by government for fixed assets that directly benefit the public or that assist government agencies in their production activities. Gross domestic income (GDI) is the sum of incomes earned and costs incurred in the production of GDP. In national economic accounting, GDP and GDI are conceptually equal. Definitions Gross domestic product (GDP) is the value of the goods and services produced by the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) economy less the value of the goods and services used up in production. GDP is also equal to the sum of personal consumption expenditures, private fixed investment, change in private inventories, net exports of goods and services, and government consumption expenditures and gross investment. Current-dollar estimates are valued in the prices of the period when the transactions occurred—that is, at “market value” (also referred to as “nominal estimates” or as “current-price estimates”). Real values are inflation-adjusted estimates—that is, estimates that exclude the effects of price changes. Preliminary estimates are based on source data that are incomplete and subject to revision. Personal consumption expenditures measures the goods and services purchased by “persons”—that is, by households and by nonprofit institutions serving households—who are resident in the USVI. Statistical conventions Private fixed investment measures spending by private businesses, nonprofit institutions, and households on fixed assets in the USVI economy. Fixed assets consists of structures, equipment, and software that are used in the production of goods and services. Quantities (“real” volume measures) and prices are expressed as index numbers with a specified reference year equal to 100 (currently 2012). Quantity and price indexes are calculated using a Fisher chain-weighted formula that incorporates weights from two adjacent years. “Real” dollar series are calculated by multiplying the quantity index by the current-dollar value in the reference year and then dividing by 100. Change in private inventories, or “private inventory investment,” is a measure of the value of the change in the physical volume of the inventories—additions less withdrawals—that businesses maintain to support their production and distribution activities. Chained-dollar values are not additive, because the relative weights for a given period differ from those of the reference year. Net exports of goods and services is the difference between exports of goods and services and imports of goods and services. Exports measures the portion of total USVI production of goods and services that is provided to -4- List of News Release Tables Table 1.1. Table 1.2. Table 1.3. Table 1.4. Table 1.5. Table 1.6. Table 1.7. Table 2.1. Table 2.2. Table 2.3. Table 2.4. Table 2.5. Table 2.6. Gross Domestic Product Real Gross Domestic Product, Chained Dollars Percent Change from Preceding Year in Real Gross Domestic Product Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product Percent Change from Preceding Year in Prices for Gross Domestic Product and Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product Gross Domestic Income Revisions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product Value Added by Industry Value Added by Industry as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product Real Value Added by Industry Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry Compensation of Employees by Industry -5- U.S. Virgin Islands 1. Domestic Product and Income Table 1.1. Gross Domestic Product [Millions of dollars] Line Gross domestic product 2012 o 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020p 1 4,089 3,738 3,565 3,663 3,798 3,794 3,922 4,117 4,204 Personal consumption expenditures Goods Durable goods Nondurable goods Foods, feeds, and beverages Other nondurable goods Services Housing and utilities Health care Food services and accommodations Other services Net foreign travel 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2,528 1,206 666 540 322 219 2,402 745 288 568 801 -1,080 2,515 1,195 723 472 319 153 2,437 789 292 577 780 -1,117 2,493 1,198 737 462 324 138 2,455 791 285 599 780 -1,160 2,564 1,199 731 468 332 136 2,554 829 305 623 797 -1,188 2,582 1,198 747 451 322 129 2,577 826 315 623 814 -1,193 2,578 1,087 607 479 327 153 2,468 829 293 566 780 -976 2,657 1,176 694 482 332 150 2,304 862 253 374 814 -823 2,851 1,287 795 492 361 131 2,596 871 293 533 899 -1,031 2,762 981 507 474 360 114 2,368 913 298 396 762 -587 Private fixed investment Change in private inventories 14 15 292 114 298 149 300 -6 286 -168 274 625 303 878 480 1,168 999 614 740 794 Net exports of goods and services Exports Goods Services Imports Goods Services 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 129 3,278 2,186 1,091 3,149 2,932 217 -267 2,525 1,395 1,130 2,792 2,570 222 -269 2,794 1,623 1,171 3,063 2,843 220 -54 1,525 329 1,196 1,580 1,367 213 -730 1,786 585 1,201 2,517 2,291 226 -1,178 2,403 1,418 985 3,580 3,268 313 -2,079 2,084 1,252 833 4,163 3,680 483 -1,883 2,265 1,226 1,039 4,148 3,650 497 -1,590 1,621 1,027 594 3,212 2,756 456 Government consumption expenditures and gross investment Federal Territorial 23 24 25 1,026 161 865 1,043 159 884 1,048 141 907 1,035 150 884 1,048 147 901 1,212 208 1,004 1,695 239 1,457 1,536 187 1,348 1,499 225 1,274 Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. (p) Estimates are preliminary. U.S. Virgin Islands Table 1.2. Real Gross Domestic Product [Millions of chained (2012) dollars] Line Gross domestic product 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020p 1 4,089 3,832 3,764 3,748 3,808 3,780 3,852 3,959 3,874 Personal consumption expenditures Goods Durable goods Nondurable goods Foods, feeds, and beverages Other nondurable goods Services Housing and utilities Health care Food services and accommodations Other services Net foreign travel 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2,528 1,206 666 540 322 219 2,402 745 288 568 801 -1,080 2,454 1,194 724 470 309 160 2,367 744 289 565 769 -1,107 2,427 1,211 760 452 304 146 2,366 752 281 572 761 -1,151 2,479 1,229 770 460 299 161 2,421 770 299 579 773 -1,172 2,472 1,212 759 454 293 162 2,427 770 307 575 774 -1,168 2,417 1,075 611 464 285 186 2,287 758 282 511 735 -946 2,431 1,145 700 447 281 170 2,090 771 243 331 749 -793 2,578 1,240 801 445 292 153 2,324 774 280 457 814 -980 2,450 954 510 439 291 146 2,057 769 278 334 681 -551 Private fixed investment Change in private inventories 14 15 292 114 293 150 289 -7 274 -313 261 1,342 284 1,557 437 1,737 877 958 634 1,580 Net exports of goods and services Exports Goods Services Imports Goods Services 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 129 3,278 2,186 1,091 3,149 2,932 217 -89 2,741 1,608 1,119 2,830 2,611 219 94 3,228 2,084 1,161 3,134 2,925 211 159 2,063 614 1,180 1,903 1,686 202 -708 2,485 1,214 1,177 3,192 2,990 216 -921 3,133 2,597 955 4,054 3,780 287 -1,688 2,495 1,996 803 4,184 3,758 415 -1,442 2,785 2,070 988 4,227 3,817 403 -1,487 2,291 2,221 558 3,778 3,403 366 Government consumption expenditures and gross investment Federal Territorial 23 24 25 1,026 161 865 1,011 157 854 983 137 846 962 144 818 956 139 817 1,079 191 889 1,440 212 1,227 1,250 162 1,086 1,199 192 1,008 (p) Estimates are preliminary. U.S. Virgin Islands Table 1.3. Percent Change from Preceding Year in Real Gross Domestic Product [Percent] Line Gross domestic product 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020p 1 -6.3 -1.8 -0.4 1.6 -0.7 1.9 2.8 -2.2 Personal consumption expenditures Goods Durable goods Nondurable goods Foods, feeds, and beverages Other nondurable goods Services Housing and utilities Health care Food services and accommodations Other services Net foreign travel 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 -2.9 -1.0 8.8 -13.0 -4.0 -26.8 -1.4 -0.1 0.4 -0.7 -4.0 …….. -1.1 1.4 4.9 -3.8 -1.5 -8.7 -0.1 1.0 -2.8 1.3 -1.1 …….. 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.6 -1.8 10.2 2.3 2.4 6.6 1.2 1.6 …….. -0.3 -1.4 -1.4 -1.3 -1.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 2.7 -0.7 0.2 …….. -2.2 -11.3 -19.6 2.3 -2.7 14.8 -5.8 -1.5 -8.1 -11.1 -5.1 …….. 0.6 6.4 14.6 -3.7 -1.4 -8.3 -8.6 1.7 -14.0 -35.3 1.9 …….. 6.1 8.3 14.5 -0.5 3.8 -10.3 11.2 0.4 15.1 38.4 8.7 …….. -5.0 -23.1 -36.4 -1.3 -0.3 -4.2 -11.5 -0.7 -0.6 -27.1 -16.4 …….. Private fixed investment Change in private inventories 14 15 0.2 …….. -1.3 …….. -5.0 …….. -4.7 …….. 8.7 …….. 53.7 …….. 100.8 …….. -27.7 …….. Net exports of goods and services Exports Goods Services Imports Goods Services 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 …….. -16.4 -26.5 2.6 -10.1 -10.9 0.8 …….. 17.8 29.7 3.7 10.7 12.0 -3.7 …….. -36.1 -70.6 1.7 -39.3 -42.3 -3.9 …….. 20.5 97.9 -0.3 67.7 77.4 6.9 …….. 26.1 113.9 -18.8 27.0 26.4 32.9 …….. -20.3 -23.2 -16.0 3.2 -0.6 44.4 …….. 11.6 3.7 23.0 1.0 1.6 -2.9 …….. -17.7 7.3 -43.5 -10.6 -10.9 -9.2 Government consumption expenditures and gross investment Federal Territorial 23 24 25 -1.4 -2.1 -1.3 -2.7 -13.1 -0.9 -2.2 5.1 -3.4 -0.6 -3.6 0.0 12.9 37.7 8.8 33.4 11.0 38.0 -13.2 -23.6 -11.5 -4.0 18.6 -7.2 (p) Estimates are preliminary. U.S. Virgin Islands Table 1.4. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product Line 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020p Percent change: Gross domestic product Percentage points: Personal consumption expenditures Goods Durable goods Nondurable goods Foods, feeds, and beverages Other nondurable goods Services Housing and utilities Health care Food services and accommodations Other services Net foreign travel 1 -6.3 -1.8 -0.4 1.6 -0.7 1.9 2.8 -2.2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 -1.85 -0.30 1.44 -1.74 -0.32 -1.42 -0.87 -0.02 0.03 -0.09 -0.79 -0.68 -0.77 0.46 0.95 -0.49 -0.13 -0.36 -0.04 0.20 -0.22 0.20 -0.22 -1.19 1.50 0.49 0.29 0.21 -0.17 0.37 1.61 0.54 0.52 0.20 0.35 -0.61 -0.18 -0.45 -0.29 -0.16 -0.17 0.01 0.16 0.00 0.22 -0.11 0.05 0.11 -1.53 -3.59 -3.86 0.28 -0.24 0.51 -3.93 -0.33 -0.68 -1.83 -1.09 5.99 0.38 1.85 2.32 -0.47 -0.12 -0.34 -5.62 0.38 -1.08 -5.30 0.38 4.15 4.10 2.49 2.54 -0.06 0.33 -0.39 6.54 0.08 0.97 3.69 1.81 -4.93 -3.40 -7.01 -6.86 -0.15 -0.03 -0.13 -7.16 -0.14 -0.04 -3.45 -3.53 10.77 Private fixed investment Change in private inventories 14 15 0.02 0.89 -0.11 -3.89 -0.42 -5.91 -0.37 22.16 0.63 2.91 4.33 2.91 12.46 -12.95 -6.66 8.61 Net exports of goods and services Exports Goods Services Imports Goods Services 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 -4.97 -12.77 -13.47 0.70 7.80 7.85 -0.05 3.78 11.84 10.72 1.13 -8.06 -8.28 0.22 5.06 -25.42 -25.96 0.55 30.47 30.23 0.24 -19.87 8.39 8.48 -0.09 -28.26 -27.86 -0.39 -6.32 12.54 18.51 -5.97 -18.86 -16.87 -1.99 -16.59 -13.43 -9.29 -4.14 -3.16 0.60 -3.76 4.95 6.04 1.16 4.88 -1.10 -1.46 0.36 0.78 -8.93 1.87 -10.80 9.71 8.61 1.10 Government consumption expenditures and gross investment Federal Territorial 23 24 25 -0.37 -0.08 -0.28 -0.79 -0.57 -0.22 -0.65 0.20 -0.85 -0.15 -0.15 -0.01 3.58 1.48 2.11 10.86 0.61 10.24 -5.78 -1.44 -4.33 -1.48 0.83 -2.31 (p) Estimates are preliminary. U.S. Virgin Islands Table 1.5. Percent Change from Preceding Year in Prices for Gross Domestic Product and Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product Line Gross domestic product Personal consumption expenditures Gross domestic product Personal consumption expenditures (p) Estimates are preliminary. 2012 2013 2014 1 13.7 -2.5 -2.9 2 3.6 2.5 0.3 3 100.0 97.5 4 100.0 102.5 2015 2017 [Percent] 2.1 2018 2019 2020p 0.6 1.5 2.1 4.4 0.7 0.9 2.1 [Index numbers, 2012=100] 94.7 97.7 99.7 100.4 2.5 1.2 1.9 101.8 104.0 108.5 109.3 110.6 112.7 102.7 3.2 2016 103.5 104.4 106.7 Table 1.6. Gross Domestic Income [Millions of dollars] Line Gross domestic income 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020p 1 4,089 3,738 3,565 3,663 3,798 3,794 3,922 4,117 4,204 Compensation of employees 2 2,040 1,886 1,893 1,936 1,998 2,012 2,087 2,592 2,531 Taxes on production and imports less subsidies 3 170 161 160 175 184 174 223 242 141 Gross operating surplus 4 1,879 1,691 1,512 1,552 1,616 1,608 1,612 1,283 1,532 Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. (p) Estimates are preliminary. Table 1.7. Revisions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product Line 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Percent change: Revised Previously published 1 2 -6.3 -6.3 -1.8 -1.8 -0.4 -0.4 1.6 1.6 -0.7 -0.7 1.9 1.6 2.8 2.2 Percentage points: Revision 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 U.S. Virgin Islands 2. GDP by Industry Table 2.1. Value Added by Industry [Millions of dollars] Line Gross domestic product 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 1 4,089 3,738 3,565 3,663 3,798 3,794 3,922 4,117 Private industries Goods-producing industries Services-producing industries Wholesale and retail trade Accommodation and food services Other 2 3 4 5 6 7 3,330 823 2,507 411 450 1,646 2,986 556 2,430 411 454 1,565 2,815 448 2,367 405 470 1,493 2,865 386 2,479 398 486 1,596 2,973 336 2,638 394 483 1,760 3,008 373 2,635 381 436 1,818 3,193 686 2,506 380 288 1,839 3,337 758 2,579 395 341 1,843 Government Federal Territorial 8 9 10 759 138 621 752 139 613 750 135 615 797 144 654 825 141 684 786 140 646 730 145 584 780 159 621 Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Table 2.2. Value Added by Industry as a Percentage of Gross Domestic Product [Percent] Line Gross domestic product 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Private industries Goods-producing industries Services-producing industries Wholesale and retail trade Accommodation and food services Other 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 20 61 10 11 40 80 15 65 11 12 42 79 13 66 11 13 42 78 11 68 11 13 44 78 9 69 10 13 46 79 10 69 10 11 48 81 17 64 10 7 47 81 18 63 10 8 45 Government Federal Territorial 8 9 10 19 3 15 20 4 16 21 4 17 22 4 18 22 4 18 21 4 17 19 4 15 19 4 15 Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. U.S. Virgin Islands Table 2.3. Real Value Added by Industry [Millions of chained (2012) dollars] Line Gross domestic product 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 1 4,089 3,832 3,764 3,748 3,808 3,780 3,852 3,959 Private industries Goods-producing industries Services-producing industries Wholesale and retail trade Accommodation and food services Other 2 3 4 5 6 7 3,330 823 2,507 411 450 1,646 3,105 559 2,548 407 441 1,700 3,067 435 2,646 398 444 1,812 3,025 363 2,685 384 438 1,880 3,076 312 2,796 383 428 2,015 3,101 338 2,792 371 376 2,092 3,266 604 2,646 367 240 2,123 3,359 637 2,702 373 275 2,128 Government Federal Territorial 8 9 10 759 138 621 724 137 586 694 130 563 717 134 583 725 131 595 680 126 553 606 127 479 621 136 486 Table 2.4. Percent Changes in Real Value Added by Industry [Percent] Line Gross domestic product 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 1 -6.3 -1.8 -0.4 1.6 -0.7 1.9 2.8 Private industries Goods-producing industries Services-producing industries Wholesale and retail trade Accommodation and food services Other 2 3 4 5 6 7 -6.8 -32.0 1.6 -0.9 -2.0 3.3 -1.2 -22.3 3.9 -2.2 0.7 6.5 -1.4 -16.5 1.5 -3.4 -1.4 3.7 1.7 -14.1 4.1 -0.4 -2.4 7.2 0.8 8.5 -0.1 -3.0 -12.1 3.8 5.3 78.7 -5.2 -1.1 -36.1 1.5 2.8 5.5 2.1 1.8 14.4 0.2 Government Federal Territorial 8 9 10 -4.6 -0.2 -5.6 -4.1 -5.3 -3.9 3.4 3.2 3.4 1.2 -2.7 2.1 -6.3 -3.1 -6.9 -10.9 0.5 -13.4 2.5 6.8 1.4 U.S. Virgin Islands Table 2.5. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product by Industry Line Percent change: Gross domestic product (GDP) Percentage points: Private industries Goods-producing industries Services-producing industries Wholesale and retail trade Accommodation and food services Other Government Federal Territorial 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 1 -6.3 -1.8 -0.4 1.6 -0.7 1.9 2.8 2 3 4 5 6 7 -5.47 -6.46 0.99 -0.09 -0.22 1.30 -0.96 -3.42 2.46 -0.25 0.08 2.63 -1.08 -2.07 0.99 -0.39 -0.19 1.57 1.30 -1.48 2.78 -0.05 -0.32 3.14 0.65 0.75 -0.10 -0.31 -1.55 1.77 4.19 7.79 -3.60 -0.11 -4.19 0.71 2.31 0.97 1.34 0.17 1.06 0.11 8 9 10 -0.88 -0.01 -0.88 -0.86 -0.20 -0.66 0.71 0.12 0.59 0.26 -0.11 0.37 -1.37 -0.12 -1.25 -2.30 0.02 -2.32 0.47 0.25 0.22 Note. Percentage-point contributions do not sum to the percent change in real gross domestic product because of rounding and differences in source data used to estimate GDP by industry and the expenditures measure of real GDP. Table 2.6. Compensation of Employees by Industry [Millions of dollars] Line 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 1 2,040 1,886 1,893 1,936 1,998 2,012 2,087 2,592 Private industries Goods-producing industries Services-producing industries Wholesale and retail trade Accommodation and food services Other 2 3 4 5 6 7 1,319 275 1,045 209 212 624 1,164 110 1,054 237 214 603 1,163 103 1,060 223 222 616 1,169 109 1,060 213 243 604 1,213 108 1,104 207 248 649 1,225 166 1,060 198 234 627 1,292 284 1,008 197 128 683 1,755 540 1,215 209 176 830 Government Federal Territorial 8 9 10 721 136 585 723 136 586 730 132 598 768 140 627 786 138 648 787 135 651 795 140 654 837 154 683 Total compensation Note. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.