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NEWS RELEASE
EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EDT, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 31, 2007
Virginia H. Mannering:
Recorded message:

(202) 606-5304
(202) 606-5306

BEA 07-50

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: THIRD QUARTER 2007 (ADVANCE)
Real gross domestic product -- the output of goods and services produced by labor and property
located in the United States -- increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent in the third quarter of 2007,
according to advance estimates released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the second quarter,
real GDP increased 3.8 percent.
The Bureau emphasized that the third-quarter “advance” estimates are based on source data that
are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency (see the box on page 3). The thirdquarter “preliminary” estimates, based on more comprehensive data, will be released on November 29,
2007.
The increase in real GDP in the third quarter reflected positive contributions from personal
consumption expenditures (PCE), exports, federal government spending, equipment and software,
nonresidential structures, private inventory investment, and state and local government spending that
were partly offset by a negative contribution from residential fixed investment. Imports, which are a
subtraction in the calculation of GDP, increased.
The slight acceleration in real GDP growth in the third quarter primarily reflected accelerations in
PCE and in exports that were partly offset by an upturn in imports, a larger decrease in residential fixed
investment, and a deceleration in nonresidential structures.
Final sales of computers contributed 0.29 percentage point to the third-quarter growth in real GDP
after contributing 0.21 percentage point to the second-quarter growth. Motor vehicle output contributed
0.33 percentage point to the third-quarter growth in real GDP after contributing 0.03 percentage point to
the second-quarter growth.

NOTE.--Quarterly estimates are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual rates, unless otherwise
specified. Quarter-to-quarter dollar changes are differences between these published estimates. Percent
changes are calculated from unrounded data and are annualized. “Real” estimates are in chained (2000)
dollars. Price indexes are chain-type measures.
This news release is available on BEA’s Web site at www.bea.gov/newsreleases/rels.htm.
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-2The price index for gross domestic purchases, which measures prices paid by U.S. residents,
increased 1.6 percent in the third quarter, compared with an increase of 3.8 percent in the second.
Excluding food and energy prices, the price index for gross domestic purchases increased 1.7 percent in
the third quarter, compared with an increase of 1.5 percent in the second.
Real personal consumption expenditures increased 3.0 percent in the third quarter, compared with
an increase of 1.4 percent in the second. Durable goods increased 4.4 percent, compared with an
increase of 1.7 percent. Nondurable goods increased 2.7 percent, in contrast to a decrease of 0.5
percent. Services expenditures increased 2.9 percent, compared with an increase of 2.3 percent.
Real nonresidential fixed investment increased 7.9 percent in the third quarter, compared with an
increase of 11.0 percent in the second. Nonresidential structures increased 12.3 percent, compared with
an increase of 26.2 percent. Equipment and software increased 5.9 percent, compared with an increase
of 4.7 percent. Real residential fixed investment decreased 20.1 percent, compared with a decrease of
11.8 percent.
Real exports of goods and services increased 16.2 percent in the third quarter, compared with an
increase of 7.5 percent in the second. Real imports of goods and services increased 5.2 percent, in
contrast to a decrease of 2.7 percent.
Real federal government consumption expenditures and gross investment increased 6.8 percent in
the third quarter, compared with an increase of 6.0 percent in the second. National defense increased 9.7
percent, compared with an increase of 8.5 percent. Nondefense increased 0.9 percent, the same increase
as in the second. Real state and local government consumption expenditures and gross investment
increased 2.0 percent, compared with an increase of 3.0 percent.
The real change in private inventories added 0.36 percentage point to the third-quarter change in
real GDP after adding 0.22 percentage point to the second-quarter change. Private businesses increased
inventories $15.7 billion in the third quarter, following increases of $5.8 billion in the second quarter
and $0.1 billion in the first.
Real final sales of domestic product -- GDP less change in private inventories -- increased 3.5
percent in the third quarter, compared with an increase of 3.6 percent in the second.
Gross domestic purchases
Real gross domestic purchases -- purchases by U.S. residents of goods and services wherever
produced -- increased 2.8 percent in the third quarter, compared with an increase of 2.4 percent in the
second.
Disposition of personal income
Current-dollar personal income increased $165.2 billion (5.8 percent) in the third quarter,
compared with an increase of $150.0 billion (5.3 percent) in the second.
Personal current taxes increased $14.0 billion in the third quarter, compared with an increase of
$30.9 billion in the second.
Disposable personal income increased $151.2 billion (6.1 percent) in the third quarter, compared
with an increase of $119.1 billion (4.8 percent) in the second. Real disposable personal income
increased 4.4 percent, compared with an increase of 0.6 percent.
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-3Personal outlays increased $129.1 billion (5.2 percent) in the third quarter, compared with an
increase of $151.7 billion (6.3 percent) in the second. Personal saving -- disposable personal income
less personal outlays -- was $86.5 billion in the third quarter, compared with $64.4 billion in the second.
The personal saving rate -- saving as a percentage of disposable personal income -- was 0.8 percent in
the third quarter, compared with 0.6 percent in the second. Saving from current income may be near
zero or negative when outlays are financed by borrowing (including borrowing financed through credit
cards or home equity loans), by selling investments or other assets, or by using savings from previous
periods. For more information, see the FAQs on “Personal Saving” on BEA’s Web site. For a
comparison of personal saving in BEA’s national income and product accounts with personal saving in
the Federal Reserve Board’s flow of funds accounts, go to
http://www.bea.gov/bea/dn/nipaweb/Nipa-Frd.asp.
Current-dollar GDP
Current-dollar GDP -- the market value of the nation's output of goods and services -- increased
4.7 percent, or $157.9 billion, in the third quarter to a level of $13,926.7 billion. In the second quarter,
current-dollar GDP increased 6.6 percent, or $216.9 billion.

Information on the assumptions used for unavailable source data is provided in a technical note
that is posted with the news release on BEA's Web site. Within a few days after the release, a detailed
"Key Source Data and Assumptions" file is posted on the Web site. In the middle of each month, an
analysis of the current quarterly estimates of GDP and related series is made available on the Web site;
click on Survey of Current Business, "GDP and the Economy."

*

*

*

BEA's national, international, regional, and industry estimates; the Survey of Current Business;
and BEA news releases are available without charge on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov. By visiting
the site, you can also subscribe to receive free e-mail summaries of BEA releases and announcements.

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Next release -- November 29, 2007, at 8:30 A.M. EST for:
Gross Domestic Product: Third Quarter 2007 (Preliminary)
Corporate Profits: Third Quarter 2007

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-4Comparisons of Revisions to GDP
Quarterly estimates of GDP are released on the following schedule: “Advance” estimates, based on source
data that are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency, are released near the end of the first
month after the end of the quarter; as more detailed and more comprehensive data become available,
“preliminary” and “final” estimates are released near the end of the second and third months, respectively. The
“latest” estimates reflect the results of both annual and comprehensive revisions.
Annual revisions, which cover the quarters of the 3 most recent calendar years, are usually carried out each
summer and incorporate newly available major annual source data. Comprehensive (or benchmark) revisions are
carried out at about 5-year intervals and incorporate major periodic source data, as well as improvements in
concepts and methods that update the accounts to portray more accurately the evolving U.S. economy.
The table below shows comparisons of the revisions between quarterly percent changes of current-dollar
and real GDP for the different vintages of the estimates. From the advance estimate to the preliminary estimate
(one month later), the average revision to real GDP without regard to sign is 0.5 percentage point, while from the
advance estimate to the final estimate (two months later), it is 0.6 percentage point. From the advance estimate to
the latest estimate, the average revision without regard to sign is 1.2 percentage points. The average revision
(with regard to sign) from the advance estimate to the latest estimate is 0.3 percentage point, which is larger than
the average revisions from the advance estimate to the preliminary or to the final estimates. The larger average
revisions to the latest estimate reflect the fact that comprehensive revisions include major improvements, such as
the introduction of chain indexes and the capitalization of software. The quarterly estimates correctly indicate the
direction of change of real GDP 98 percent of the time, correctly indicate whether GDP is accelerating or
decelerating 74 percent of the time, and correctly indicate whether real GDP growth is above, near, or below trend
growth more than three-fifths of the time.
Revisions Between Quarterly Percent Changes of GDP: Vintage Comparisons
[Annual rates]
Vintages
compared

Average

Average without
regard to sign

Standard deviation of
revisions without regard
to sign

Current-dollar GDP
Advance to preliminary.....
Advance to final................
Preliminary to final...........

0.2
.2
.0

0.5
.7
.3

0.4
.4
.2

Advance to latest...............

.4

1.1

.9

Real GDP
Advance to preliminary.....
Advance to final................
Preliminary to final...........

0.1
.1
.0

0.5
.6
.3

0.4
.4
.2

Advance to latest...............

.3

1.2

1.0

NOTE.--These comparisons are based on the period from 1983 through 2004.

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Table 1.—Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2004

2005

2006

2003
IV

2004
I

II

2005
III

IV

I

II

2006
III

IV

I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

III

Gross domestic product (GDP) ...................
3.6
3.1
2.9
2.7
3.0
3.5
3.6
2.5
3.1
2.8
4.5
1.2
4.8
2.4
1.1
2.1
0.6
3.8
3.9
Personal consumption expenditures ...........................
3.6
3.2
3.1
2.3
4.4
2.4
3.5
4.2
2.4
3.5
4.1
1.2
4.4
2.4
2.8
3.9
3.7
1.4
3.0
Durable goods ..............................................................
6.3
4.9
3.8
.7
5.8
1.9
7.8
7.0
2.2 11.3
6.2 –13.0 16.6
.8
5.6
3.9
8.8
1.7
4.4
Nondurable goods ........................................................
3.5
3.6
3.6
1.8
4.6
1.5
3.1
4.9
3.5
3.7
2.5
4.7
4.5
2.3
3.2
4.3
3.0
–.5
2.7
Services ........................................................................
3.2
2.7
2.7
2.8
4.1
3.0
2.9
3.4
1.9
1.8
4.4
2.6
2.1
2.7
2.0
3.7
3.1
2.3
2.9
Gross private domestic investment .............................
9.7
5.6
2.7
9.3
2.1 20.7
8.0
6.4
5.3 –3.9
7.0 13.4
4.3
.6 –4.1 –14.1 –8.2
4.6
.8
Fixed investment ..........................................................
7.3
6.9
2.4
5.5
–.2 12.9
9.3
7.3
4.0
7.9
8.0
2.3
7.9 –1.9 –4.7 –7.1 –4.4
3.2 –1.5
Nonresidential ...........................................................
5.8
7.1
6.6
2.8 –2.6 10.7 12.3 10.3
3.3
5.0
8.6
3.4 13.3
4.2
5.1 –1.4
2.1 11.0
7.9
Structures .............................................................
1.3
.5
8.4 –4.7
–.3
6.1
3.6
–.2
2.1 –1.6 –6.3
4.8 15.0 16.4 10.8
7.4
6.4 26.2 12.3
Equipment and software .....................................
7.4
9.6
5.9
5.6 –3.4 12.4 15.5 14.3
3.8
7.4 14.5
3.1 13.0
–.1
2.9 –4.9
.3
4.7
5.9
Residential ................................................................
10.0
6.6 –4.6 10.6
4.0 16.7
4.2
2.4
5.3 13.1
6.9
.5
–.7 –11.7 –20.4 –17.2 –16.3 –11.8 –20.1
Change in private inventories ...................................... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Net exports of goods and services ............................. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Exports ..........................................................................
9.7
6.9
8.4 20.8 10.0
6.5
3.1 10.0
6.0
9.5
2.1 10.6 11.5
5.7
5.7 14.3
1.1
7.5 16.2
Goods .......................................................................
9.0
7.5
9.9 19.8
7.4
7.2
6.2
7.2
5.8 13.6
1.9 12.6 15.5
6.5
7.4
9.6
.9
6.6 23.0
Services ....................................................................
11.5
5.4
4.8 23.1 16.2
5.1 –3.4 16.8
6.5
.9
2.6
6.3
2.9
3.9
2.0 26.0
1.6
9.6
1.6
Imports ..........................................................................
11.3
5.9
5.9 17.6 12.3 15.2
4.8 13.8
2.1
.8
2.1 16.2
6.9
.9
5.4
1.6
3.9 –2.7
5.2
Goods .......................................................................
11.3
6.6
6.0 17.2 11.5 16.6
5.5 14.5
3.2
1.0
2.5 17.3
6.5
1.1
6.2
–.6
4.2 –2.9
6.2
Services ....................................................................
11.5
2.3
5.2 19.6 16.5
8.9
1.8 10.5 –3.5
–.5
0
10.3
9.5
–.1
1.3 14.2
2.3 –1.7
.4
Government consumption expenditures and gross
investment ...................................................................
1.4
.7
1.8
.7
1.5
1.3
1.6 –1.8
1.3
1.2
3.2 –1.9
4.9
1.0
.8
3.5
–.5
4.1
3.7
Federal ..........................................................................
4.2
1.5
2.2
3.1
6.1
2.4
6.2 –4.6
2.8
.7
8.6 –6.2
8.4 –1.6
.9
7.3 –6.3
6.0
6.8
National defense ......................................................
5.8
1.5
1.9
8.1
8.1
2.0 10.9 –9.7
4.6
2.6 10.0 –11.7
6.8
2.3 –1.5 16.9 –10.8
8.5
9.7
Nondefense ..............................................................
1.1
1.3
2.8 –6.0
2.3
3.2 –2.7
6.5
–.8 –3.0
5.8
5.8 11.9 –8.8
6.0 –10.0
3.8
.9
.9
State and local .............................................................
–.2
.3
1.6
–.6 –1.0
.7 –1.1
–.1
.4
1.5
0
.7
2.9
2.5
.7
1.3
3.0
3.0
2.0
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product ...................................
3.3
3.3
2.8
2.1
2.6
2.4
3.8
2.7
2.9
4.8
4.6
–.5
5.4
2.0
1.0
3.5
1.3
3.6
3.5
Gross domestic purchases ..........................................
4.1
3.1
2.8
3.0
3.6
4.8
3.8
3.4
2.6
1.9
4.3
2.5
4.5
1.9
1.3
.8
1.1
2.4
2.8
Final sales to domestic purchasers .............................
3.8
3.3
2.7
2.5
3.2
3.7
4.0
3.6
2.4
3.7
4.5
.8
5.0
1.5
1.2
2.1
1.7
2.1
2.5
Gross national product (GNP) .....................................
3.8
3.0
2.8
3.5
3.6
2.6
3.9
1.5
3.6
2.7
5.1
0
5.2
2.4
.5
2.6
.7
4.0 ..........
Disposable personal income ........................................
3.6
1.7
3.1
1.7
3.7
2.4
2.9
7.5 –3.3
2.5 –1.2
6.6
4.9
.2
1.7
6.2
5.4
.6
4.4
Current-dollar measures:
GDP ..........................................................................
6.6
6.4
6.1
4.9
6.8
7.4
6.0
5.9
7.1
5.5
8.1
4.8
8.4
6.0
3.4
3.8
4.9
6.6
4.7
Final sales of domestic product ..............................
6.2
6.6
6.1
4.4
6.4
6.2
6.1
6.0
6.9
7.5
8.3
3.0
9.0
5.5
3.4
5.2
5.5
6.3
4.3
Gross domestic purchases ......................................
7.3
6.9
6.1
4.9
8.0
9.2
6.7
7.2
6.3
5.5
9.1
6.3
7.3
6.2
3.8
.9
4.9
6.2
4.4
Final sales to domestic purchasers ........................
7.0
7.1
6.1
4.4
7.6
8.0
6.8
7.3
6.1
7.4
9.3
4.6
7.9
5.7
3.7
2.1
5.5
6.0
4.1
GNP ..........................................................................
6.8
6.3
6.0
5.8
7.4
6.5
6.3
4.8
7.6
5.4
8.7
3.5
8.8
6.0
2.8
4.3
4.9
6.8 ..........
Disposable personal income ...................................
6.4
4.7
5.9
3.2
7.3
6.3
4.9 10.8 –1.2
6.0
3.0
9.6
6.7
4.5
4.4
5.2
9.1
4.8
6.1
See ‘‘Explanatory Note’’ at the end of the tables.

Table 2.—Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2004

2005

2006

2003
IV

Percent change at annual rate:
Gross domestic product .......................................
Percentage points at annual rates:
Personal consumption expenditures .......................
Durable goods ........................................................
Motor vehicles and parts .....................................
Furniture and household equipment ...................
Other ....................................................................
Nondurable goods .................................................
Food .....................................................................
Clothing and shoes .............................................
Gasoline, fuel oil, and other energy goods ........
Other ....................................................................
Services ...................................................................
Housing ................................................................
Household operation ............................................
Electricity and gas ...........................................
Other household operation .............................
Transportation ......................................................
Medical care ........................................................
Recreation ............................................................
Other ....................................................................
Gross private domestic investment .........................
Fixed investment ....................................................
Nonresidential ......................................................
Structures ........................................................
Equipment and software .................................
Information processing equipment and
software ..................................................
Computers and peripheral equipment ...
Software ..................................................
Other .......................................................
Industrial equipment ....................................
Transportation equipment ...........................
Other equipment .........................................
Residential ...........................................................
Change in private inventories ..............................
Farm .....................................................................
Nonfarm ...............................................................
Net exports of goods and services .........................
Exports ....................................................................
Goods ...................................................................
Services ...............................................................
Imports ....................................................................
Goods ...................................................................
Services ...............................................................
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment ...................................................
Federal .....................................................................
National defense ..................................................
Consumption expenditures ..............................
Gross investment ............................................
Nondefense ..........................................................
Consumption expenditures ..............................
Gross investment ............................................
State and local .......................................................
Consumption expenditures ..............................
Gross investment ............................................
Addenda:
Goods .......................................................................
Services ....................................................................
Structures .................................................................
Motor vehicle output ................................................
Final sales of computers .........................................
See ‘‘Explanatory Note’’ at the end of the tables.

2004
I

II

2005
III

IV

I

II

3.6

3.1

2.9

2.7

3.0

3.5

3.6

2.5

3.1

2.8

2.56
.53
.08
.35
.10
.71
.31
.14
.03
.24
1.32
.32
.10
.02
.08
.04
.36
.14
.36
1.48
1.10
.56
.03
.53

2.24
.40
0
.31
.09
.72
.38
.17
–.02
.19
1.12
.33
.08
.04
.03
.03
.41
.06
.21
.91
1.09
.70
.01
.69

2.15
.31
–.11
.35
.07
.74
.38
.13
–.01
.23
1.11
.28
–.03
–.05
.02
.03
.40
.09
.34
.45
.39
.68
.24
.44

1.59
.06
–.29
.27
.08
.36
.02
–.02
.06
.30
1.18
.40
.17
.12
.05
.02
.28
.16
.15
1.39
.83
.29
–.12
.41

3.12
.49
.09
.29
.11
.92
.59
.31
0
.03
1.71
.35
.13
.04
.08
.04
.33
.21
.66
.30
–.07
–.28
–.01
–.27

1.73
.16
–.11
.27
0
.31
.10
–.13
.04
.29
1.25
.25
.06
–.05
.11
.08
.45
.12
.29
3.00
1.88
1.00
.15
.85

2.46
.64
.17
.36
.10
.62
.21
.15
–.03
.29
1.21
.29
.06
–.05
.12
.02
.52
.09
.22
1.26
1.41
1.16
.09
1.07

2.93
.57
.23
.25
.09
.97
.60
.23
0
.14
1.39
.31
.15
.15
.01
.06
.40
.03
.44
1.04
1.14
1.00
0
1.01

1.68
.18
–.27
.31
.13
.71
.31
.18
.05
.17
.79
.36
.04
.03
.01
.02
.27
.09
0
.89
.68
.36
.06
.30

2.40
.90
.48
.28
.14
.74
.38
.27
–.11
.20
.76
.36
–.02
–.04
.02
.01
.38
.03
0
–.64
1.26
.51
–.04
.55

.33
.08
.14
.12
–.04
.16
.07
.53
.39
.06
.32
–.68
.93
.60
.33
–1.61
–1.33
–.27

.34
.17
.10
.08
.09
.13
.12
.39
–.18
–.07
–.11
–.23
.70
.53
.17
–.92
–.86
–.06

.27
.70
.04
.15
.12
.21 –.16
.04
.06
.20
.14 0
.10
.29
.05
.12
.05 –.22 –.14
.09
.09 –.13 –.07
.52
.04
.07 –.10
.09
–.29
.55
.21
.89
.06
.56
.37 1.12
0
–.05
.28
.37
.06
.60
.08
.75
–.08 –.47 –.75 –1.50
.88 1.81
.95
.64
.73 1.20
.49
.48
.16
.61
.46
.16
–.96 –2.29 –1.70 –2.14
–.83 –1.86 –1.32 –1.92
–.13 –.43 –.37 –.21

.27
.29
.27
.21
.06
.03
.02
0
–.02
.01
–.03

.14
.11
.07
.04
.03
.03
.01
.02
.04
.07
–.03

.35
.15
.09
.05
.04
.06
.05
.02
.19
.13
.06

.14
.21
.35
.31
.05
–.14
–.12
–.03
–.07
.07
–.15

.29
.41
.36
.35
.01
.06
.07
–.02
–.12
–.04
–.08

1.50
1.62
.51
.14
.04

1.36
1.36
.35
.14
.22

1.53
1.36
–.01
–.04
.13

.81
1.63
.22
–.23
.15

.68
2.17
.10
.29
–.28

2006
III

I

II

1.2

4.8

2.4

2.82
.84
.51 –1.13
.20 –1.57
.39
.35
–.08
.09
.50
.93
.49
.40
0
.29
–.11
.06
.13
.18
1.81 1.05
.36
.30
.33 –.22
.29 –.21
.04 –.01
.01
.03
.53
.53
.06
.08
.53
.32
1.15 2.13
1.28
.38
.87
.35
–.17
.12
1.04
.23

3.00
1.23
.48
.54
.22
.91
.47
.11
.02
.31
.86
.30
–.40
–.42
.02
.06
.49
.07
.34
.78
1.27
1.31
.39
.92

1.63
.07
–.04
.17
–.06
.47
.13
.05
.02
.27
1.10
.23
.17
.14
.03
–.03
.26
.02
.45
.13
–.32
.44
.45
–.01

4.5

IV

2007
III

I

II

0.6

3.8

3.9

1.88 2.68 2.56
.43
.30
.67
.16 0
.35
.24
.25
.28
.04
.05
.04
.64
.86
.61
.24
.68
.16
.14
.10
.22
.05 –.15
.06
.20
.23
.17
.81 1.52 1.28
.18
.20
.26
.16
.13
.04
.17
.07
.03
–.01
.07
.01
.06
.11
.07
.12
.34
.47
.19
.30
.06
.11
.44
.39
–.70 –2.50 –1.36
–.80 –1.19 –.70
.53 –.15
.22
.31
.23
.20
.21 –.38
.02

1.00
.14
–.10
.13
.11
–.10
–.14
.06
–.12
.10
.96
.29
.05
.02
.03
.11
.28
.03
.19
.71
.49
1.12
.78
.34

2.11
.35
–.18
.34
.18
.56
.17
.20
–.01
.19
1.20
.27
.11
.06
.05
.07
.32
.10
.33
.13
–.23
.82
.40
.42

1.1

IV

2.1

III

.24
.41
.19
.24
.11
.17
–.06 0
.19
.06
.43
.40
.20
.13
.24
.14
–.14 –.11
–.32 –.14
.18
.03
–.42 –1.07
.31
.97
.42
.49
–.11
.49
–.73 –2.04
–.69 –1.78
–.05 –.26

.46
.32
.13
.19
.07
.14
.26 –.01
.15 –.12
–.34
.14
.04
.21
.32
.75
.21 –1.90
–.25
.13
.46 –2.04
.26
.83
.60
.95
.40
.92
.20
.03
–.34 –.12
–.43 –.13
.09
.01

.32
.26
.48
.11
.23
.06
.02
.05
.08
.19 –.01
.34
.23
.11 –.08
.40 –.21
.46
.09
.07
.06
.42
.03 –.05
–.14 1.74 –.49
.12
.01 –.04
–.26 1.73 –.45
–.10 –1.41
.13
.22 1.07 1.19
.14
.87 1.10
.08
.20
.10
–.32 –2.47 –1.07
–.32 –2.22 –.83
0
–.26 –.24

.05
.24 –.06
.11
.09
.03
.03
.05
.04
–.09
.10 –.12
.17 –.04 –.08
–.24
.10 –.18
0
–.09 –.05
–.76 –1.33 –1.04
.46
.10 –1.31
–.23
.10
.25
.69
.01 –1.56
.49 –.25 1.25
.61
.62 1.51
.49
.56
.73
.13
.07
.78
–.12 –.88 –.26
–.12 –.84
.09
0
–.03 –.35

.56
.25
.14
.18
–.04
–.20
–.30
–.93
–.65
.04
–.69
–.51
.13
.07
.05
–.63
–.57
–.06

.36
.20
.08
.07
.16
.11
.11
.02
.19
.10
–.32
.05
.11
.07
–.62 –1.05
.22
.36
–.05 –.04
.27
.40
1.32
.93
.85 1.79
.53 1.73
.33
.06
.47 –.86
.42 –.86
.05 –.01

.25
.17
.09
.03
.06
.08
.03
.05
.09
.02
.07

.30
.43
.49
.34
.15
–.06
–.04
–.03
–.13
.04
–.17

–.35
–.33
–.48
–.45
–.04
.15
.12
.03
–.01
.11
–.12

.25
.19
.22
.26
–.05
–.02
–.02
0
.05
.02
.03

.22
.05
.12
.01
.11
–.07
–.08
.01
.17
.09
.08

.60
.59
.46
.41
.05
.13
.07
.06
.01
.12
–.11

–.37
–.46
–.59
–.57
–.02
.13
.06
.07
.09
.09
0

.92
.57
.31
.30
.01
.27
.23
.04
.35
.15
.20

.18
–.11
.11
–.05
.15
–.22
–.15
–.07
.29
.11
.18

1.10
1.27
1.11
–.21
–.04

2.06
1.40
.14
.87
.13

1.18
1.41
–.03
–.34
.29

1.32
1.34
.42
.18
.24

1.23
.82
.76
.16
.31

1.83
.49
2.50
.56
.14
.14
.92 –1.21
.15
.22

2.95
1.39
.48
.51
.05

.14
.06
–.07
0
–.07
.14
.13
.01
.08
.18
–.10

.66
.50
.74
.60
.15
–.24
–.23
–.02
.16
.19
–.03

–.09
–.46
–.54
–.40
–.14
.08
.14
–.06
.36
.20
.17

.79
.41
.39
.35
.04
.02
–.02
.04
.37
.19
.18

.73
.48
.45
.37
.08
.02
.03
–.01
.25
.14
.11

1.45 1.06
1.15 1.15
–.16 –1.14
–.37
.44
.13
.03

.36
2.50
–.77
–.74
.16

.06
1.21
–.68
.18
–.01

1.65
1.85
.32
.03
.21

2.63
1.80
–.53
.33
.29

Table 3.—Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Level and Change From Preceding Period
Billions of current dollars

Billions of chained (2000) dollars

Seasonally adjusted
at annual rates
2006

2006

Seasonally adjusted
at annual rates
2006

2007

2006

Change from preceding
period

2007

2007
2006

III

IV

I

II

III

III

IV

I

II

III

Gross domestic product .......................... 13,194.7 13,266.9 13,392.3 13,551.9 13,768.8 13,926.7 11,319.4 11,336.7 11,395.5 11,412.6 11,520.1 11,630.7

II

III

316.0

107.5

110.6

Personal consumption expenditures ...................

9,224.5

9,305.7

9,373.7

9,540.5

9,674.0

9,785.6

8,044.1

8,063.8

8,141.2

8,215.7

8,244.3

8,305.3

240.5

28.6

61.0

Durable goods ....................................................
Motor vehicles and parts .................................
Furniture and household equipment ...............
Other ................................................................

1,048.9
434.2
404.1
210.6

1,053.8
437.6
405.1
211.1

1,056.5
434.8
409.0
212.8

1,074.0
444.5
414.2
215.3

1,074.7
441.5
414.5
218.8

1,081.6
437.1
419.6
224.8

1,180.5
437.3
550.9
213.9

1,186.3
439.5
555.4
213.6

1,197.6
439.6
566.9
215.2

1,223.2
451.5
579.9
216.6

1,228.4
448.2
585.9
220.2

1,241.8
442.0
602.5
226.4

43.1
–14.0
58.7
8.4

5.2
–3.3
6.0
3.6

13.4
–6.2
16.6
6.2

Nondurable goods .............................................
Food .................................................................
Clothing and shoes .........................................
Gasoline, fuel oil, and other energy goods ....
Other ................................................................

2,688.0
1,259.3
357.2
340.1
731.4

2,732.4
1,263.2
359.6
373.1
736.5

2,705.4
1,291.7
363.2
306.3
744.3

2,759.4
1,312.2
371.1
320.9
755.1

2,822.7
1,322.7
368.4
373.6
758.1

2,849.8
1,343.9
373.6
366.2
766.1

2,337.7
1,091.8
391.1
198.6
666.2

2,343.9
1,091.4
393.3
199.9
669.5

2,368.8
1,110.7
397.0
197.0
676.5

2,386.6
1,115.3
405.1
198.2
681.7

2,383.8
1,111.4
407.5
195.9
684.7

2,399.8
1,116.2
415.1
195.8
690.6

82.3
41.8
18.5
–.6
27.1

–2.8
–3.9
2.4
–2.3
3.0

16.0
4.8
7.6
–.1
5.9

Services ...............................................................
Housing ............................................................
Household operation ........................................
Electricity and gas .......................................
Other household operation .........................
Transportation ..................................................
Medical care ....................................................
Recreation ........................................................
Other ................................................................

5,487.6
1,381.3
501.6
209.8
291.8
340.6
1,587.7
381.0
1,295.3

5,519.5
1,392.5
503.3
211.3
292.1
342.5
1,596.1
384.4
1,300.5

5,611.8
1,413.9
509.7
212.7
297.0
346.8
1,617.9
392.8
1,330.7

5,707.1
1,435.1
520.0
220.6
299.4
349.6
1,656.9
395.3
1,350.1

5,776.5
1,455.4
526.2
223.5
302.7
355.1
1,674.6
400.2
1,365.0

5,854.3
1,474.9
529.3
222.4
306.9
361.9
1,696.6
404.6
1,387.0

4,545.5
1,148.3
412.9
148.5
265.1
291.2
1,300.3
321.3
1,069.9

4,554.0
1,151.0
415.4
150.9
264.7
291.0
1,301.4
321.9
1,071.6

4,595.5
1,156.6
419.1
152.5
266.8
294.1
1,310.5
330.3
1,083.5

4,630.7
1,163.7
420.1
153.1
267.1
296.0
1,323.2
332.0
1,094.1

4,656.7
1,171.6
421.6
153.6
268.1
299.2
1,330.8
332.7
1,099.3

4,689.6
1,178.9
424.6
155.1
269.6
301.3
1,339.4
335.4
1,108.3

118.2
30.0
–3.6
–4.7
2.0
3.4
42.1
9.7
36.2

26.0
7.9
1.5
.5
1.0
3.2
7.6
.7
5.2

32.9
7.3
3.0
1.5
1.5
2.1
8.6
2.7
9.0

Gross private domestic investment .....................

2,209.2

2,224.1

2,152.4

2,117.3

2,139.1

2,139.0

1,919.5

1,928.2

1,856.2

1,816.9

1,837.4

1,841.3

50.2

20.5

3.9

Fixed investment ................................................
Nonresidential ..................................................
Structures ....................................................
Equipment and software .............................
Information processing equipment and
software ..............................................
Computers and peripheral equipment
Software ..............................................
Other ...................................................
Industrial equipment ................................
Transportation equipment .......................
Other equipment .....................................
Residential .......................................................

2,162.5
1,397.7
405.1
992.6

2,161.3
1,415.2
416.1
999.1

2,132.4
1,417.1
428.4
988.7

2,118.9
1,431.4
439.6
991.8

2,133.9
1,469.1
464.5
1,004.5

2,122.3
1,494.9
478.5
1,016.4

1,874.7
1,306.8
268.6
1,050.6

1,869.6
1,319.4
273.3
1,057.6

1,835.5
1,314.8
278.3
1,044.4

1,815.2
1,321.7
282.6
1,045.3

1,829.3
1,356.6
299.5
1,057.4

1,822.5
1,382.7
308.4
1,072.7

43.3
81.0
20.8
58.8

14.1
34.9
16.9
12.1

–6.8
26.1
8.9
15.3

480.9
91.3
203.3
186.2
166.7
171.9
173.2
764.8

484.9
91.6
204.9
188.4
169.2
172.4
172.6
746.1

480.5
90.4
205.9
184.3
167.5
168.0
172.7
715.3

497.6
96.6
210.5
190.5
168.1
162.9
163.2
687.5

507.7
96.6
216.1
195.0
176.0
153.3
167.5
664.8

Change in private inventories ..........................
Farm .................................................................
Nonfarm ...........................................................

46.7
–1.2
47.8

62.8
–3.7
66.5

20.0
4.7
15.3

–1.6
5.5
–7.0

5.1
4.0
1.1

511.4
595.9
602.0
599.6
623.3
638.5
647.1
41.6
15.2
8.6
95.2 .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............
220.0
213.0
213.8
215.1
219.9
225.6
229.6
7.3
5.7
4.0
196.2
204.8
207.1
202.6
209.2
213.4
214.2
13.3
4.2
.8
180.4
149.6
150.9
148.4
147.3
152.9
156.0
5.3
5.6
3.1
154.0
155.2
156.3
150.9
144.8
135.3
136.9
10.1
–9.5
1.6
170.5
156.2
155.2
153.7
144.8
148.0
150.1
4.3
3.2
2.1
627.4
569.5
555.0
529.4
506.3
490.7
463.9
–27.6
–15.6
–26.8
16.7
2.0
14.8

40.3
–.9
41.7

53.9
–2.9
57.6

17.4
3.8
13.6

.1
5.0
–5.8

5.8
3.6
1.3

15.7
2.9
12.4

7.1
–.5
7.7

5.7
–1.4
7.1

9.9
–.7
11.1

Net exports of goods and services .....................

–762.0

–799.1

–705.3

–714.2

–714.2

–712.8

–624.5

–633.8

–597.3

–612.1

–573.9

–546.2

–6.5

38.2

27.7

Exports ................................................................
Goods ...............................................................
Services ...........................................................

1,467.6
1,030.5
437.1

1,484.5
1,047.8
436.7

1,531.9
1,072.3
459.6

1,549.9
1,084.0
465.9

1,598.7
1,115.2
483.5

1,676.0
1,183.8
492.2

1,304.1
927.4
377.1

1,306.6
933.7
373.4

1,350.9
955.4
395.6

1,354.7
957.6
397.2

1,379.5
973.1
406.4

1,432.2
1,024.8
408.1

100.7
83.9
17.3

24.8
15.5
9.2

52.7
51.7
1.7

Imports ................................................................
Goods ...............................................................
Services ...........................................................

2,229.6
1,880.4
349.2

2,283.6
1,933.3
350.3

2,237.2
1,879.9
357.3

2,264.0
1,902.7
361.4

2,312.9
1,947.2
365.7

2,388.8
2,016.8
372.0

1,928.6
1,646.9
283.8

1,940.4
1,661.0
281.9

1,948.2
1,658.7
291.4

1,966.8
1,675.6
293.1

1,953.4
1,663.4
291.9

1,978.4
1,688.4
292.1

107.1
93.3
14.0

–13.4
–12.2
–1.2

25.0
25.0
.2

Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment ...............................................

2,523.0

2,536.1

2,571.4

2,608.3

2,670.0

2,714.9

1,981.4

1,980.2

1,997.2

1,994.7

2,014.8

2,033.3

35.1

20.1

18.5

Federal .................................................................
National defense ..............................................
Consumption expenditures ..........................
Gross investment ........................................
Nondefense ......................................................
Consumption expenditures ..........................
Gross investment ........................................

932.5
624.3
544.8
79.5
308.2
268.0
40.2

932.0
620.7
542.0
78.7
311.3
271.3
40.0

949.7
645.2
561.5
83.7
304.5
264.9
39.6

946.6
634.8
555.7
79.1
311.7
274.0
37.7

969.5
654.5
573.8
80.7
315.0
276.0
39.1

989.2
672.6
588.5
84.2
316.6
277.9
38.7

742.3
491.5
416.6
76.6
250.7
212.6
38.5

739.2
486.4
412.6
75.5
252.7
214.8
38.3

752.3
505.8
427.7
80.1
246.1
208.8
37.8

740.2
491.6
417.4
75.6
248.4
212.5
35.9

751.0
501.7
426.2
77.0
248.9
212.0
37.2

763.5
513.5
435.5
79.8
249.5
212.9
36.9

15.8
9.1
4.9
4.9
6.8
4.7
2.3

10.8
10.1
8.8
1.4
.5
–.5
1.3

12.5
11.8
9.3
2.8
.6
.9
–.3

State and local ...................................................
Consumption expenditures ..........................
Gross investment ........................................

1,590.5
1,276.5
314.0

1,604.1
1,287.7
316.4

1,621.7
1,300.8
320.9

1,661.7
1,326.7
335.0

1,700.5
1,355.9
344.5

1,725.6
1,373.9
351.7

1,239.0
990.9
248.0

1,240.9
992.7
248.1

1,244.9
997.5
247.3

1,254.2
1,002.5
251.5

1,263.5
1,007.4
256.0

1,269.8
1,011.0
258.7

19.4
13.2
6.2

9.3
4.9
4.5

6.3
3.6
2.7

Residual .................................................................... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

–93.4

–99.3

–108.2

–130.7

–136.3

–150.2 .............. .............. ..............

Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product .......................... 13,148.0 13,204.1 13,372.3 13,553.5 13,763.6 13,909.9 11,275.9 11,279.7 11,375.8 11,411.6 11,512.8 11,612.9
Gross domestic purchases .................................. 13,956.7 14,065.9 14,097.6 14,266.1 14,483.0 14,639.5 11,937.1 11,963.6 11,987.1 12,018.7 12,088.9 12,172.8
Final sales to domestic purchasers .................... 13,910.1 14,003.2 14,077.6 14,267.7 14,477.9 14,622.7 11,893.4 11,906.4 11,967.3 12,017.4 12,081.4 12,155.0

309.0
324.0
317.0

101.2
70.2
64.0

11,630.7
..............
..............
..............

316.0
112.5
122.8
305.4

107.5
110.6
46.1 ..............
40.3 ..............
113.3 ..............

9,937.7 10,037.2 10,139.8

358.1

Gross domestic product ................................... 13,194.7 13,266.9 13,392.3 13,551.9 13,768.8 13,926.7 11,319.4 11,336.7 11,395.5 11,412.6 11,520.1
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world
691.4
709.7
733.8
752.2
814.2 ..............
595.0
607.9
628.3
638.2
684.3
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world
633.4
664.7
673.7
689.0
743.5 ..............
543.6
568.0
575.1
583.2
623.5
Equals: Gross national product ....................... 13,252.7 13,311.9 13,452.4 13,615.1 13,839.4 .............. 11,370.1 11,375.9 11,447.8 11,466.7 11,580.0
Net domestic product ........................................... 11,579.5 11,638.1 11,737.9 11,881.0 12,085.4 12,236.6
NOTE.—Users are cautioned that particularly for components that exhibit rapid change in prices relative to other
prices in the economy, the chained-dollar estimates should not be used to measure the component’s relative importance or its contribution to the growth rate of more aggregate series. For accurate estimates of the contributions
to percent changes in real gross domestic product, use table 2.
See ‘‘Explanatory Note’’ at the end of the tables.

9,872.8

9,884.7

9,928.3

99.5

100.1
83.9
73.6

102.6

Table 4.—Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2004

2005

2006

2003
IV

2004
I

II

2005
III

IV

I

II

2006
III

IV

I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

III

Gross domestic product (GDP) ...................

2.9

3.2

3.2

2.2

3.7

3.8

2.3

3.2

3.9

2.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.5

2.4

1.7

4.2

2.6

0.8

Personal consumption expenditures ...........................
Durable goods ..............................................................
Nondurable goods ........................................................
Services ........................................................................

2.6
–1.8
3.3
3.2

2.9
–.7
3.7
3.4

2.8
–1.3
3.1
3.4

1.5
–3.5
.5
3.0

3.5
–.5
5.3
3.5

3.8
.3
6.2
3.4

2.0
–2.5
1.4
3.1

3.0
.2
4.7
2.8

2.2
.1
.3
3.6

3.4
–.4
5.0
3.4

4.3
–2.8
9.5
3.3

2.8
–1.1
.8
4.6

1.7
–1.0
.3
3.0

4.3
–.7
8.6
3.2

2.6
–1.3
2.8
3.2

–.9
–2.7
–7.9
3.0

3.5
–1.9
5.0
3.8

4.3
–1.4
10.0
2.6

1.7
–1.8
1.1
2.6

Gross private domestic investment .............................
3.4
4.2
3.5
3.5
4.1
4.7
3.9
3.9
5.2
2.8
4.0
5.8
4.0
2.5
1.6
2.2
2.0
–.4
–.7
Fixed investment ..........................................................
3.4
4.3
3.5
3.5
4.1
4.7
3.9
3.9
5.3
2.9
4.2
6.0
3.9
2.4
1.5
2.0
1.9
–.3
–.7
Nonresidential ...........................................................
1.3
2.9
3.1
1.4
1.1
2.4
1.3
2.5
4.5
2.4
1.6
4.6
3.9
2.8
1.9
2.0
1.9
0
–.7
Structures .............................................................
6.2 11.7 11.7
4.2
6.8
7.6 10.1 12.0 12.8
8.7 13.8 17.6 13.0 10.7
5.6
4.6
4.1 –1.1
.2
Equipment and software .....................................
–.3
–.1
0
.4
–.8
.7 –1.7
–.6
1.8
.3 –2.5
.2
.6
–.2
.4
.8
1.0
.5 –1.1
Residential ................................................................
7.3
6.7
4.4
7.7
9.8
8.8
8.5
6.2
6.6
3.6
8.7
8.5
3.9
1.8
.8
2.1
2.0
–.8
–.8
Change in private inventories ...................................... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Net exports of goods and services ............................. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Exports ..........................................................................
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.0
5.5
4.8
1.9
4.2
4.6
3.6
2.5
3.0
2.7
6.0
4.6
–.8
3.6
5.3
4.0
Goods .......................................................................
3.7
3.1
3.3
4.1
6.3
5.2
1.0
3.6
4.3
3.0
1.3
2.3
3.0
6.3
5.2
.1
3.5
5.1
3.2
Services ....................................................................
3.2
4.9
3.7
.7
3.9
3.8
3.8
5.5
5.0
4.9
5.2
4.8
2.2
5.5
3.3 –2.7
3.9
5.8
5.7
Imports ..........................................................................
4.9
6.3
4.0
.4
9.2
7.3
5.3
6.9
2.2
9.7 10.3
4.3 –1.5 10.1
4.7 –9.4
1.0 11.9
8.1
Goods .......................................................................
4.9
6.5
4.2
.5 10.0
7.9
5.0
7.0
2.0 10.1 10.9
4.9 –1.9 10.4
5.3 –10.1
.7 13.0
8.4
Services ....................................................................
4.4
5.6
3.1
0
4.9
4.7
6.7
6.0
3.5
7.7
7.5
1.3
.5
8.4
1.4 –5.3
2.3
6.7
6.7
Government consumption expenditures and gross
investment ...................................................................
Federal ..........................................................................
National defense ......................................................
Nondefense ..............................................................
State and local .............................................................

4.5
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.3

5.8
4.8
5.3
4.0
6.4

4.9
3.9
4.1
3.5
5.4

2.2
1.1
1.3
.6
2.9

7.2
11.6
10.6
13.8
4.6

5.0
5.5
5.6
5.2
4.7

4.8
2.5
2.9
1.4
6.2

5.7
2.6
3.1
1.7
7.6

7.5
11.5
12.2
10.1
5.2

4.6
2.3
2.5
1.8
6.1

6.4
3.4
3.5
3.2
8.1

5.0
.8
1.3
–.2
7.6

5.1
9.1
9.3
8.9
2.7

5.7
4.0
4.2
3.5
6.7

3.0
1.3
1.6
.7
4.0

2.1
.5
–.1
1.7
3.1

6.4
5.3
5.0
5.9
7.0

5.5
3.8
4.1
3.3
6.5

Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product ...................................
Gross domestic purchases ..........................................
Final sales to domestic purchasers .............................
Gross national product (GNP) .....................................

2.9
3.1
3.1
2.9

3.2
3.7
3.7
3.2

3.2
3.3
3.3
3.1

2.2
1.9
1.9
2.2

3.7
4.3
4.3
3.7

3.8
4.2
4.2
3.8

2.3
2.8
2.7
2.3

3.2
3.6
3.6
3.2

3.9
3.6
3.6
3.9

2.6
3.5
3.5
2.6

3.5
4.6
4.6
3.5

3.5
3.7
3.7
3.5

3.4
2.7
2.7
3.4

3.5
4.2
4.2
3.5

2.3
2.5
2.5
2.4

1.7
.1
.1
1.7

4.2
3.8
3.8
4.2

2.7
.8
3.8
1.6
3.8
1.6
2.6 ..........

Implicit price deflators:
GDP ..........................................................................
Gross domestic purchases ......................................
GNP ..........................................................................

2.9
3.1
2.9

3.2
3.6
3.2

3.2
3.3
3.2

2.2
1.9
2.2

3.7
4.3
3.7

3.8
4.2
3.8

2.3
2.7
2.3

3.2
3.7
3.2

3.9
3.6
3.9

2.6
3.6
2.6

3.5
4.6
3.5

3.5
3.7
3.5

3.4
2.7
3.4

3.5
4.2
3.5

2.4
2.5
2.4

1.7
.1
1.7

4.2
3.8
4.2

2.6
.7
3.8
1.5
2.6 ..........

See ‘‘Explanatory Note’’ at the end of the tables.

3.0
1.5
1.7
1.0
4.0

Table 5.—Real Gross Domestic Product, Quantity Indexes
[Index numbers, 2000=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2004

2005

2006

2006
III

2007
IV

I

II

III

Gross domestic product ............................................................................................

108.748

112.086

115.304

115.481

116.080

116.254

117.349

118.475

Personal consumption expenditures .........................................................................................
Durable goods ............................................................................................................................
Nondurable goods ......................................................................................................................
Services ......................................................................................................................................

112.197
125.652
111.833
109.726

115.791
131.748
115.828
112.687

119.359
136.735
120.051
115.696

119.652
137.413
120.370
115.911

120.801
138.720
121.650
116.969

121.906
141.680
122.563
117.865

122.331
142.283
122.419
118.527

123.235
143.840
123.241
119.363

Gross private domestic investment ...........................................................................................
102.003
107.709
110.607
111.106
106.955
104.690
105.875
106.096
Fixed investment ........................................................................................................................
102.012
109.080
111.657
111.354
109.325
108.113
108.956
108.549
Nonresidential ........................................................................................................................
92.873
99.490
106.062
107.090
106.711
107.277
110.109
112.227
Structures ...........................................................................................................................
78.760
79.127
85.770
87.270
88.849
90.241
95.639
98.463
Equipment and software ...................................................................................................
98.505
107.935
114.332
115.100
113.662
113.753
115.075
116.740
Residential ..............................................................................................................................
125.343
133.608
127.433
124.190
118.462
113.301
109.791
103.809
Change in private inventories .................................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
Exports of goods and services ..................................................................................................

102.723

109.775

118.957

119.182

123.222

123.568

125.833

130.646

Imports of goods and services ..................................................................................................

116.546

123.425

130.683

131.483

132.014

133.272

132.363

134.061

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ...........................................
Federal .......................................................................................................................................
State and local ...........................................................................................................................

112.210
123.693
106.384

113.050
125.524
106.721

115.092
128.255
108.418

115.022
127.708
108.584

116.007
129.977
108.935

115.865
127.886
109.748

117.028
129.756
110.564

118.106
131.913
111.115

Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product ................................................................................................
Gross domestic purchases ........................................................................................................
Final sales to domestic purchasers ..........................................................................................
Gross national product ...............................................................................................................

108.804
110.444
110.505
109.031

112.360
113.894
114.166
112.265

115.526
117.071
117.292
115.363

115.565
117.331
117.421
115.422

116.550
117.562
118.021
116.152

116.916
117.871
118.515
116.344

117.953
118.979
118.560
119.383
119.146
119.872
117.493 ....................

See ‘‘Explanatory Note’’ at the end of the tables.

Table 6.—Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product
[Index numbers, 2000=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2004

2005

2006

2006
III

2007
IV

I

II

III

Gross domestic product ............................................................................................

109.462

113.005

116.568

117.030

117.527

118.750

119.527

119.756

Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) ..............................................................................
Durable goods ............................................................................................................................
Nondurable goods ......................................................................................................................
Services ......................................................................................................................................

108.392
90.696
107.626
112.929

111.588
90.018
111.561
116.726

114.675
88.857
114.989
120.725

115.406
88.827
116.576
121.209

115.143
88.213
114.210
122.122

116.129
87.799
115.620
123.252

117.345
87.488
118.413
124.055

117.828
87.090
118.750
124.843

Gross private domestic investment ...........................................................................................
106.686
111.155
115.090
115.335
115.958
116.532
116.426
116.234
Fixed investment ........................................................................................................................
106.845
111.404
115.352
115.592
116.162
116.718
116.636
116.435
Nonresidential ........................................................................................................................
100.896
103.778
106.961
107.267
107.789
108.301
108.293
108.114
Structures ...........................................................................................................................
120.912
135.013
150.806
152.344
154.071
155.637
155.199
155.283
Equipment and software ...................................................................................................
94.600
94.527
94.485
94.470
94.667
94.892
95.002
94.749
Residential ..............................................................................................................................
120.587
128.653
134.288
134.390
135.076
135.736
135.459
135.200
Change in private inventories .................................................................................................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
Exports of goods and services ..................................................................................................

104.997

108.803

112.537

113.641

113.424

114.433

115.912

117.041

Imports of goods and services ..................................................................................................

104.526

111.117

115.610

117.689

114.834

115.114

118.408

120.744

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ...........................................
Federal .......................................................................................................................................
State and local ...........................................................................................................................

114.754
115.322
114.431

121.435
120.914
121.758

127.334
125.622
128.370

128.076
126.097
129.271

128.757
126.244
130.272

130.765
127.886
132.499

132.527
129.098
134.586

133.525
129.572
135.899

Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy ...............................................................................................
Market-based PCE 1 ..................................................................................................................
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 1 .....................................................................

107.338
107.386
105.857

109.670
110.307
107.667

112.130
113.168
109.717

112.519
113.926
110.072

113.052
113.456
110.507

113.730
114.472
111.161

114.116
115.784
111.498

114.627
116.181
111.907

Final sales of domestic product ................................................................................................
Gross domestic purchases ........................................................................................................
Final sales to domestic purchasers ..........................................................................................
Gross national product ...............................................................................................................

109.487
109.235
109.259
109.456

113.040
113.225
113.261
112.999

116.603
116.920
116.956
116.558

117.065
117.575
117.612
117.022

117.553
117.609
117.636
117.515

118.773
118.702
118.727
118.740

119.555
119.783
119.809
120.276
119.838
120.304
119.518 ....................

Implicit price deflators:
Gross domestic product ........................................................................................................
Final sales of domestic product ............................................................................................
Gross domestic purchases ....................................................................................................
Final sales to domestic purchasers ......................................................................................
Gross national product ..........................................................................................................

109.462
109.487
109.234
109.259
109.455

113.000
113.040
113.221
113.261
112.994

116.567
116.603
116.919
116.956
116.558

117.026
117.061
117.573
117.610
117.019

117.522
117.550
117.606
117.634
117.511

118.745
118.770
118.700
118.725
118.736

119.519
119.741
119.551
119.780
119.804
120.264
119.837
120.303
119.512 ....................

1. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable
price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished without payment by financial
intermediaries) and the expenses of nonprofit institutions. Percentage changes for these series are included in the
addenda to table 8 and in appendix table A.
See ‘‘Explanatory Note’’ at the end of the tables.

Table 7.—Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Preceding Year
1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Gross domestic product (GDP) .........................................................
–0.2
3.3
2.7
4.0
2.5
3.7
4.5
4.2
4.5
3.7
0.8
1.6
2.5
3.6
3.1
2.9
Personal consumption expenditures ..................................................................
.2
3.3
3.3
3.7
2.7
3.4
3.8
5.0
5.1
4.7
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.6
3.2
3.1
Durable goods .....................................................................................................
–5.6
5.9
7.8
8.4
4.4
7.8
8.6 11.3 11.7
7.3
4.3
7.1
5.8
6.3
4.9
3.8
Nondurable goods ...............................................................................................
–.2
2.0
2.7
3.5
2.2
2.6
2.7
4.0
4.6
3.8
2.0
2.5
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.6
Services ...............................................................................................................
1.7
3.5
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.9
3.3
4.2
4.0
4.5
2.4
1.9
1.9
3.2
2.7
2.7
Gross private domestic investment ....................................................................
–8.1
8.1
8.9 13.6
3.1
8.9 12.4
9.8
7.8
5.7 –7.9 –2.6
3.6
9.7
5.6
2.7
Fixed investment .................................................................................................
–6.5
5.9
8.6
9.3
6.5
9.0
9.2 10.2
8.3
6.5 –3.0 –5.2
3.4
7.3
6.9
2.4
Nonresidential .................................................................................................
–5.4
3.2
8.7
9.2 10.5
9.3 12.1 11.1
9.2
8.7 –4.2 –9.2
1.0
5.8
7.1
6.6
Structures ................................................................................................... –11.1 –6.0
–.7
1.8
6.4
5.6
7.3
5.1
–.4
6.8 –2.3 –17.1 –4.1
1.3
.5
8.4
Equipment and software ............................................................................
–2.6
7.3 12.5 11.9 12.0 10.6 13.8 13.3 12.7
9.4 –4.9 –6.2
2.8
7.4
9.6
5.9
Residential ......................................................................................................
–9.6 13.8
8.2
9.6 –3.2
8.0
1.9
7.6
6.0
.8
.4
4.8
8.4 10.0
6.6 –4.6
Change in private inventories ............................................................................. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Net exports of goods and services .................................................................... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Exports ................................................................................................................
6.6
6.9
3.2
8.7 10.1
8.4 11.9
2.4
4.3
8.7 –5.4 –2.3
1.3
9.7
6.9
8.4
Goods ..............................................................................................................
6.9
7.5
3.3
9.7 11.7
8.8 14.3
2.2
3.8 11.2 –6.1 –4.0
1.8
9.0
7.5
9.9
Services ..........................................................................................................
6.0
5.5
3.2
6.3
6.3
7.2
5.9
2.9
5.6
2.9 –3.7
1.9
0
11.5
5.4
4.8
Imports .................................................................................................................
–.6
7.0
8.8 11.9
8.0
8.7 13.6 11.6 11.5 13.1 –2.7
3.4
4.1 11.3
5.9
5.9
Goods ..............................................................................................................
–.1
9.3 10.1 13.3
9.0
9.3 14.4 11.7 12.4 13.5 –3.2
3.7
4.9 11.3
6.6
6.0
Services ..........................................................................................................
–2.6 –2.6
2.9
5.7
3.3
5.5
9.4 11.4
6.9 11.1
–.3
2.1
0
11.5
2.3
5.2
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....................
1.1
.5
–.9
0
.5
1.0
1.9
1.9
3.9
2.1
3.4
4.4
2.5
1.4
.7
1.8
Federal ................................................................................................................
–.2 –1.7 –4.2 –3.7 –2.7 –1.2 –1.0 –1.1
2.2
.9
3.9
7.0
6.8
4.2
1.5
2.2
National defense .............................................................................................
–1.1 –5.0 –5.6 –4.9 –3.8 –1.4 –2.8 –2.1
1.9
–.5
3.9
7.4
8.7
5.8
1.5
1.9
Nondefense .....................................................................................................
2.4
6.9
–.7 –1.2
–.4
–.7
2.6
.7
2.8
3.5
3.9
6.3
3.4
1.1
1.3
2.8
State and local ....................................................................................................
2.1
2.2
1.4
2.6
2.6
2.3
3.6
3.6
4.7
2.7
3.2
3.1
.2
–.2
.3
1.6
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product .........................................................................
.1
3.0
2.6
3.4
3.0
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.5
3.8
1.6
1.2
2.5
3.3
3.3
2.8
Gross domestic purchases .................................................................................
–.8
3.3
3.2
4.4
2.4
3.8
4.8
5.3
5.3
4.4
.9
2.2
2.8
4.1
3.1
2.8
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................................
–.6
3.1
3.2
3.8
2.8
3.8
4.3
5.3
5.4
4.5
1.8
1.8
2.8
3.8
3.3
2.7
Gross national product ........................................................................................
–.3
3.3
2.7
3.9
2.6
3.7
4.4
4.0
4.6
3.7
.8
1.5
2.7
3.8
3.0
2.8
Real disposable personal income ......................................................................
.5
3.4
1.0
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.5
5.8
3.0
4.8
1.9
3.1
2.2
3.6
1.7
3.1
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases .............................................................................
3.3
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.4
.6
1.6
2.5
2.0
1.6
2.3
3.1
3.7
3.3
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy ................................
3.5
2.6
2.3
2.2
2.2
1.5
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.7
3.1
2.9
GDP ................................................................................................................
3.5
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.1
1.4
2.2
2.4
1.7
2.1
2.9
3.2
3.2
GDP excluding food and energy ...................................................................
3.6
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.2
1.5
2.0
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.7
3.2
3.1
Personal consumption expenditures ..............................................................
3.6
2.9
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.2
1.7
.9
1.7
2.5
2.1
1.4
2.0
2.6
2.9
2.8

Table 8.—Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Quarter One Year Ago
2003
IV

2004
I

II

2005
III

IV

I

II

2006
III

IV

I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

III

Gross domestic product (GDP) .........................................................
3.7
4.1
4.1
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.2
2.4
2.6
1.5
1.9
2.6
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) .......................................................
3.4
4.0
3.7
3.2
3.7
3.1
3.4
3.5
2.8
3.3
3.0
2.7
3.4
3.2
2.9
3.0
Durable goods .....................................................................................................
8.3
9.8
6.1
4.0
5.6
4.7
7.0
6.6
1.2
4.6
2.1
2.0
6.6
4.7
5.0
4.7
Nondurable goods ...............................................................................................
3.9
4.1
3.9
2.8
3.5
3.3
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.2
2.5
2.4
Services ...............................................................................................................
2.2
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.3
2.8
2.5
2.9
2.7
2.7
3.0
2.4
2.6
2.9
2.8
3.0
Gross private domestic investment ....................................................................
7.0
7.9 12.2
9.8
9.1
9.9
3.8
3.6
5.3
5.0
6.2
3.4 –3.6 –6.6 –5.7 –4.5
Fixed investment .................................................................................................
7.2
7.3
7.8
6.8
7.2
8.3
7.1
6.8
5.5
6.5
4.0
.8 –1.6 –4.5 –3.3 –2.5
Nonresidential .................................................................................................
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.6
7.5
9.1
7.7
6.8
5.1
7.5
7.3
6.4
5.2
2.5
4.1
4.8
Structures ...................................................................................................
.2
2.0
0
1.1
2.3
2.9
1.0 –1.6
–.3
2.7
7.1 11.6 12.3 10.2 12.4 12.8
Equipment and software ............................................................................
6.6
6.0
6.7
7.3
9.4 11.4 10.1
9.9
7.1
9.4
7.4
4.6
2.5
–.5
.7
1.4
Residential ......................................................................................................
11.7 11.6 13.2
8.8
6.7
7.0
6.2
6.9
6.4
4.8 –1.5 –8.5 –12.8 –16.5 –16.5 –16.4
Change in private inventories ............................................................................. .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Net exports of goods and services .................................................................... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Exports ................................................................................................................
5.8
9.8 12.0
9.9
7.4
6.4
7.1
6.9
7.0
8.4
7.4
8.4
9.3
6.6
7.1
9.6
Goods ..............................................................................................................
7.1
8.4 10.7 10.0
7.0
6.6
8.1
7.0
8.3 10.7
9.0 10.4
9.7
6.1
6.1
9.8
Services ..........................................................................................................
3.0 13.0 15.3
9.8
8.3
6.0
4.9
6.6
4.1
3.2
3.9
3.8
8.3
7.9
9.4
9.3
Imports .................................................................................................................
4.8
9.3 12.1 12.4 11.5
8.8
5.3
4.6
5.1
6.3
6.4
7.2
3.7
2.9
2.0
2.0
Goods ..............................................................................................................
5.3
9.3 11.3 12.6 11.9
9.8
5.9
5.2
5.8
6.6
6.7
7.6
3.2
2.7
1.7
1.7
Services ..........................................................................................................
2.2
9.2 16.4 11.5
9.3
4.3
1.9
1.5
1.4
4.7
4.8
5.2
6.1
4.3
3.9
3.6
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....................
1.7
2.5
1.3
1.3
.7
.6
.6
.9
.9
1.8
1.8
1.2
2.5
1.2
1.9
2.7
Federal ................................................................................................................
5.5
7.1
3.0
4.4
2.4
1.6
1.2
1.8
1.3
2.7
2.1
.3
3.7
0
1.8
3.3
National defense .............................................................................................
7.5 10.8
3.1
7.2
2.5
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.5 –1.3
5.9
1.2
2.8
5.6
Nondefense .....................................................................................................
1.9
.3
2.8
–.9
2.3
1.5
–.1
2.1
1.9
5.0
3.4
3.4
–.7 –2.5
0
–1.2
State and local ....................................................................................................
–.4
–.1
.3
–.5
–.4
0
.2
.5
.7
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.3
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product .........................................................................
3.7
4.0
3.5
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.5
3.7
2.9
3.5
2.8
1.9
3.0
1.9
2.3
3.0
Gross domestic purchases .................................................................................
3.6
4.3
4.5
3.8
3.9
3.7
2.9
3.1
2.8
3.3
3.3
2.5
2.1
1.2
1.4
1.7
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................................
3.7
4.2
3.9
3.3
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.5
2.9
3.5
2.9
2.1
2.4
1.6
1.8
2.1
Gross national product ........................................................................................
3.9
4.6
4.2
3.4
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.2
2.8
3.2
3.2
2.0
2.7
1.5
1.9 ..........
Real disposable personal income ......................................................................
3.7
4.2
3.5
2.7
4.1
2.3
2.3
1.3
1.1
3.1
2.6
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.4
4.1
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases .............................................................................
2.2
2.2
3.1
3.3
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.8
3.3
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.3
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy ................................
1.9
2.1
2.7
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.3
2.1
GDP ................................................................................................................
2.2
2.3
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.5
3.2
2.7
2.9
2.7
2.3
GDP excluding food and energy ...................................................................
1.9
2.1
2.7
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.2
2.9
2.9
2.5
2.2
PCE .................................................................................................................
1.9
2.0
2.8
2.7
3.1
2.8
2.6
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.3
2.9
1.9
2.3
2.3
2.1
PCE excluding food and energy ....................................................................
1.4
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.0
1.9
Market-based PCE 1 .......................................................................................
1.6
1.6
2.4
2.3
2.8
2.4
2.4
3.1
3.0
2.9
3.2
2.7
1.6
2.2
2.2
2.0
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 1 ..........................................
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.2
1.8
1.7
1. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable
price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished without payment by financial
intermediaries) and the expenses of nonprofit institutions.

Table 9.—Relation of Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product, and National Income
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2004

2005

2006

2006
III

2007
IV

I

II

III

Gross domestic product ..............................................................................................................

11,685.9

12,433.9

13,194.7

13,266.9

13,392.3

13,551.9

Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world .........................................................................
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world ..........................................................................

437.5
361.3

544.1
475.6

691.4
633.4

709.7
664.7

733.8
673.7

752.2
689.0

13,768.8

814.2 ....................
743.5 ....................

13,926.7

Equals: Gross national product .................................................................................................

11,762.1

12,502.4

13,252.7

13,311.9

13,452.4

13,615.1

13,839.4 ....................

Less: Consumption of fixed capital ...............................................................................................
Less: Statistical discrepancy ..........................................................................................................

1,436.1
19.1

1,609.5
5.4

1,615.2
–18.1

1,628.8
–2.5

1,654.4
–46.6

1,670.9
–66.3

1,683.4
1,690.1
–88.8 ....................

Equals: National income .............................................................................................................
Compensation of employees .....................................................................................................
Wage and salary accruals .....................................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries .....................................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments ..............
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment .............................................
Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments ...................
Net interest and miscellaneous payments ................................................................................
Taxes on production and imports less subsidies .....................................................................
Business current transfer payments ..........................................................................................
Current surplus of government enterprises ..............................................................................

10,306.8
6,656.4
5,379.5
1,276.9
911.6
118.4
1,231.2
491.2
819.2
83.0
–4.2

10,887.6
7,029.6
5,672.9
1,356.8
969.9
42.9
1,372.8
558.0
863.1
66.5
–15.1

11,655.6
7,448.3
6,025.7
1,422.6
1,006.7
54.5
1,553.7
598.5
917.6
90.2
–13.9

11,685.6
7,442.5
6,015.8
1,426.7
1,003.6
52.9
1,592.5
594.2
922.9
91.4
–14.5

11,844.6
7,649.9
6,203.0
1,446.9
1,009.8
50.9
1,531.2
596.0
931.1
91.8
–16.0

12,010.5
7,764.9
6,294.4
1,470.5
1,027.4
53.2
1,547.7
599.6
943.8
91.8
–17.8

12,244.9 ....................
7,874.9
7,972.9
6,388.7
6,470.1
1,486.2
1,502.9
1,038.4
1,045.7
62.1
67.6
1,642.4 ....................
592.4
593.1
956.8
971.8
92.8
94.7
–15.0
–12.2

Addendum:
Gross domestic income .............................................................................................................

11,666.8

12,428.6

13,212.8

13,269.4

13,438.9

13,618.2

13,857.6 ....................

Table 10.—Personal Income and Its Disposition
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2004

2005

2006

2006
III

2007
IV

I

II

III

Personal income 1 ........................................................................................................................

9,727.2

10,301.1

10,983.4

11,030.9

11,200.2

11,469.2

11,619.2

11,784.4

Compensation of employees, received .....................................................................................
Wage and salary disbursements ...........................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries .....................................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments ..............
Farm .......................................................................................................................................
Nonfarm ..................................................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment .............................................
Personal income receipts on assets .........................................................................................
Personal interest income .......................................................................................................
Personal dividend income .....................................................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts .............................................................................................

6,671.4
5,394.5
1,276.9
911.6
37.3
874.3
118.4
1,432.1
895.1
537.0
1,422.5

7,024.6
5,667.9
1,356.8
969.9
30.8
939.1
42.9
1,617.8
1,018.9
598.9
1,520.7

7,440.8
6,018.2
1,422.6
1,006.7
19.4
987.4
54.5
1,796.5
1,100.2
696.3
1,612.5

7,442.5
6,015.8
1,426.7
1,003.6
18.1
985.5
52.9
1,828.1
1,119.7
708.4
1,630.6

7,599.9
6,153.0
1,446.9
1,009.8
23.9
985.8
50.9
1,836.6
1,102.8
733.8
1,647.7

7,764.9
6,294.4
1,470.5
1,027.4
29.1
998.3
53.2
1,882.9
1,126.1
756.8
1,710.7

7,849.9
6,363.7
1,486.2
1,038.4
33.1
1,005.3
62.1
1,930.0
1,148.4
781.6
1,717.1

7,947.9
6,445.1
1,502.9
1,045.7
38.4
1,007.3
67.6
1,969.3
1,164.3
805.0
1,742.3

Less: Contributions for government social insurance ...............................................................

828.8

874.8

927.6

926.8

944.6

969.8

978.4

988.4

Less: Personal current taxes .........................................................................................................

1,046.3

1,209.1

1,354.3

1,355.2

1,401.0

1,454.7

1,485.6

1,499.6

Equals: Disposable personal income ........................................................................................

8,680.9

9,092.0

9,629.1

9,675.8

9,799.2

10,014.5

10,133.6

10,284.8

Less: Personal outlays ...................................................................................................................

8,499.2

9,047.4

9,590.3

9,677.1

9,757.2

9,917.5

10,069.2

10,198.3

Equals: Personal saving ..............................................................................................................

181.7

44.6

38.8

–1.4

42.0

97.0

64.4

86.5

Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income ..........................................

2.1

.5

.4

.4

1.0

.6

.8

Addendum:
Disposable personal income, billions of chained (2000) dollars 2 ...........................................

8,008.9

8,147.9

8,396.9

8,510.7

8,623.9

8,636.0

8,729.0

1. Personal income is also equal to national income less corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustments, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, contributions for government social insurance, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, current surplus of government
enterprises, and wage accruals less disbursements, plus personal income receipts on assets, and personal current
transfer receipts.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.

0
8,384.5

Appendix Table A.—Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Aggregates and Price Indexes: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2004

2005

2006

2003
IV

2004
I

II

2005
III

IV

I

II

2006
III

IV

I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

III

Gross domestic product (GDP) and related
aggregates:
GDP ..............................................................................

3.6

3.1

2.9

2.7

3.0

3.5

3.6

2.5

3.1

2.8

4.5

1.2

4.8

2.4

1.1

2.1

0.6

3.8

3.9

Goods ...........................................................................
Services ........................................................................
Structures ......................................................................

4.7
2.8
5.2

4.3
2.3
3.4

5.0
2.3
–.1

2.5
2.8
2.2

2.1
3.8
1.0

3.4
2.2
11.5

6.6
2.4
1.3

3.7
2.4
–.3

4.2
2.3
4.0

3.9
1.4
7.3

5.8
4.4
1.2

1.5
1.0
1.2

9.6
2.4
4.3

4.6
2.0
–1.4

3.4
2.0
–9.9

1.1
4.4
–7.0

.2
2.1
–6.2

5.4
3.1
3.0

8.8
3.0
–5.1

Motor vehicle output .....................................................
GDP excluding motor vehicle output ...........................

4.0
3.6

4.2
3.0

–1.3
3.0

–6.5
3.0

8.8
2.8

–6.1
3.8

29.0
2.8

–9.6
3.0

5.4
3.0

4.7
2.7

15.1 –21.6
.6
2.9

6.2
.4

1.0
3.9

12.0
3.7

Final sales of computers 1 ...........................................
GDP excluding final sales of computers .....................

5.4
3.6

35.1
2.9

19.4
2.8

20.0 –31.0
2.5
3.3

–6.6
3.6

19.8
3.5

50.1
2.3

39.5
2.8

51.7
2.5

21.8
4.3

34.2
1.0

7.3
4.8

–1.3
.6

35.7
3.6

51.1
3.6

.6 –36.1 149.5 –30.8

18.9

40.8 –10.9

.8 –12.5

30.6 –30.5
3.6
2.5

17.0 –10.9
4.4
2.9
20.7
2.3

5.1
1.0

Farm gross value added 2 ...........................................

8.1

5.9

14.0

–3.0

6.0

–8.9

14.8

3.0

Nonfarm business gross value added 3 ......................

4.1

3.6

3.2

1.6

2.6

5.0

3.8

2.6

3.9

3.2

5.6

.9

5.7

2.4

.8

2.6

.3

4.2

4.3

Price indexes:
GDP ..............................................................................
GDP excluding food and energy .................................
GDP excluding final sales of computers .....................

2.9
2.7
3.0

3.2
3.2
3.4

3.2
3.1
3.3

2.2
2.1
2.3

3.7
3.5
3.8

3.8
3.4
3.8

2.3
2.8
2.4

3.2
3.1
3.4

3.9
4.1
4.1

2.6
2.6
2.7

3.5
2.9
3.6

3.5
3.5
3.7

3.4
3.4
3.5

3.5
3.2
3.6

2.4
2.6
2.5

1.7
2.4
1.8

4.2
3.3
4.3

2.6
1.6
2.8

.8
1.6
1.0

Gross domestic purchases ..........................................
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and
energy .......................................................................
Gross domestic purchases excluding final sales of
computers to domestic purchasers .........................

3.1

3.7

3.3

1.9

4.3

4.2

2.8

3.6

3.6

3.5

4.6

3.7

2.7

4.2

2.5

.1

3.8

3.8

1.6

2.7

3.1

2.9

2.0

3.5

3.4

2.6

2.8

4.0

2.6

2.7

3.2

3.2

3.2

2.5

2.3

3.1

1.5

1.7

3.2

3.9

3.5

2.0

4.4

4.3

2.9

3.9

3.8

3.7

4.8

3.9

2.9

4.5

2.7

.2

3.9

4.0

1.8

Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) .................
PCE excluding food and energy ..................................
Market-based PCE 4 .....................................................
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 4 ........

2.6
2.1
2.3
1.5

2.9
2.2
2.7
1.7

2.8
2.2
2.6
1.9

1.5
1.6
.9
.9

3.5
2.4
3.2
1.8

3.8
2.7
3.4
1.9

2.0
1.7
1.5
1.1

3.0
2.1
2.9
1.8

2.2
2.6
1.9
2.3

3.4
2.1
3.1
1.5

4.3
1.7
4.3
1.2

2.8
2.4
2.6
1.9

1.7
2.0
1.5
1.8

4.3
2.9
4.3
2.6

2.6
2.3
2.4
2.1

–.9
1.9
–1.6
1.6

3.5
2.4
3.6
2.4

4.3
1.4
4.7
1.2

1.7
1.8
1.4
1.5

1.
2.
3.
4.

Some components of final sales of computers include computer parts.
Farm output less intermediate goods and services purchased.
Consists of GDP less gross value added of farm, of households and institutions, and of general government.
This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable

17.5 –12.4

27.0
1.9

price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished without payment by financial
intermediaries) and the expenses of nonprofit institutions.
See ‘‘Explanatory Note’’ at the end of the tables.

Explanatory Note: NIPA Measures of Quantities and Prices
Current-dollar GDP is a measure of the market value of goods, services, and structures produced in the
economy in a particular period. Changes in current-dollar GDP can be decomposed into quantity and
price components. Quantities, or “real” measures, and prices are expressed as index numbers with the
reference year -- at present, the year 2000 -- equal to 100.
Annual changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher formula that incorporates weights
from two adjacent years. (Quarterly changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher
formula that incorporates weights from two adjacent quarters; quarterly indexes are adjusted for
consistency to the annual indexes before percent changes are calculated.) For example, the 2005-06
annual percent change in real GDP uses prices for 2005 and 2006 as weights, and the 2005-06 annual
percent change in GDP prices uses quantities for 2005 and 2006 as weights. These annual changes are
“chained” (multiplied) together to form time series of quantity and price indexes. Percent changes in
Fisher indexes are not affected by the choice of reference year. (BEA also publishes a measure of the
price level known as the implicit price deflator (IPD), which is calculated as the ratio of the current-dollar
value to the corresponding chained-dollar value, multiplied by 100. The values of the IPD are very close
to the values of the corresponding "chain-type" price index.)
Index numbers of quantity and price indexes for GDP and its major components are presented in this
release in tables 5 and 6. Percent changes from the preceding period are presented in tables 1, 4, 7, 8, and
Appendix Table A. Contributions by major components to changes in real GDP are presented in table 2.
Measures of real GDP and its major components are also presented in dollar-denominated form,
designated "chained (2000) dollar estimates." For most series, these estimates, which are presented in
table 3, are computed by multiplying the current-dollar value in 2000 by a corresponding quantity index
number and then dividing by 100. For example, if a current-dollar GDP component equaled $100 in 2000
and if real output for this component increased 10 percent in 2001, then the chained (2000) dollar value of
this component in 2001 would be $110 (= $100 x 110 / 100). Percent changes calculated from
chained-dollar estimates and from chain-type quantity indexes are the same; any differences will be small
and due to rounding.
Chained-dollar values for the detailed GDP components will not necessarily sum to the chained-dollar
estimate of GDP (or to any intermediate aggregate). This is because the relative prices used as weights
for any period other than the reference year differ from those of the reference year. A measure of the
extent of such differences is provided by a “residual” line, which indicates the difference between GDP
(or other major aggregate) and the sum of the most detailed components in the table. For periods close to
the reference year, when there usually has not been much change in the relative prices that are used as
weights, the residuals tend to be small, and the chained-dollar estimates can be used to approximate the
contributions to growth and to aggregate the detailed estimates. For periods further from the reference
year, the residuals tend to be larger, and the chained-dollar estimates are less useful for analyses of
contributions to growth. Thus, the contributions to percent change shown in table 2 provide a better
measure of the composition of GDP growth. In particular, for components for which relative prices are
changing rapidly, calculation of contributions using chained-dollar estimates may be misleading even just
a few years from the reference year.
Reference: “Chained-Dollar Indexes: Issues, Tips on Their Use, and Upcoming Changes,” November
2003 Survey, pp. 8-16.