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Thursday, March 25, 2021
Contact: Jeannine Aversa, (301) 278-9003

Gross Domestic Product (Third Estimate), Corporate Profits,
and GDP by Industry, Fourth Quarter and Year 2020
Real gross domestic product (GDP) increased at an annual rate of 4.3 percent in the fourth quarter of
2020, reflecting both the continued economic recovery from the sharp declines earlier in the year and
the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including new restrictions and closures that took effect
in some areas of the United States. The increase was 0.2 percentage point higher than the “second”
estimate released in February. In the third quarter, real GDP increased 33.4 percent. For more details,
including source data, see the Technical Note and Federal Recovery Programs and BEA Statistics.
Quarterly GDP highlights
The fourth-quarter increase in real GDP reflected
increases in exports, business investment, consumer
spending, housing investment, and inventory
investment that were partly offset by a decrease in
government spending. Imports, a subtraction in the
calculation of GDP, increased.
The increase in exports primarily reflected an increase
in goods (led by industrial supplies and materials). The
increase in business investment reflected an increase
in equipment (led by transportation equipment). The
increase in consumer spending was more than
accounted for by an increase in services (led by health
care). The decrease in government spending reflected decreases in state and local as well as federal.
Updates to GDP
The revision to GDP primarily reflected an upward revision to inventory investment that was partly
offset by a downward revision to business investment.
Quarterly corporate profits from current production
Profits decreased 1.4 percent at a quarterly rate in the
fourth quarter after increasing 27.4 percent in the
third quarter. Corporate profits decreased 0.7 percent
in the fourth quarter from one year ago.
• Profits of domestic nonfinancial corporations
decreased 3.4 percent after increasing 44.3
percent.
• Profits of domestic financial corporations
increased 3.7 percent after increasing 2.6 percent.
• Profits from the rest of the world decreased 0.2
percent after increasing 13.4 percent.

BEA data—including GDP, personal income, the balance of payments, foreign direct investment, the input-output accounts, and
regional economic data—are available at www.bea.gov. E-mail alerts are also available. The “advance” estimate of GDP for the
first quarter of 2021 will be released on April 29, 2021.

Quarterly gross domestic product by industry
Today’s release includes estimates of GDP by industry,
or value added—a measure of an industry’s
contribution to GDP. Private goods-producing
industries increased 6.1 percent, private servicesproducing industries increased 4.9 percent, and
government decreased 1.1 percent. Overall, 17 of 22
industry groups contributed to the fourth-quarter
increase in real GDP.
• The increase in private goods-producing industries
reflected increases in construction as well as
durable goods manufacturing (led by computer and
electronic products as well as fabricated metal
products).
• The increase in private services-producing industries reflected increases in finance and insurance (led
by Federal Reserve banks, credit intermediation, and related activities); health care and social
assistance (led by ambulatory health care services); administrative and waste management services
(led by administrative and support services); and professional, scientific and technical services. These
increases were partly offset by decreases in accommodation and food services (led by food services
and drinking places); utilities; and educational services.
• The decrease in government reflected decreases in state and local as well as federal.
CARES Act provisions, such as Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans, wound down in the fourth
quarter of 2020. Estimates for subsidies associated with forgivable PPP loans are available by industry in
“Paycheck Protection Program Subsidies by Industry in the National Accounts, 2020Q4”; subsidies are a
subtraction in the calculation of value added.

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Year 2020 GDP highlights
Real GDP decreased 3.5 percent (from the 2019 annual
level to the 2020 annual level), compared with an
increase of 2.2 percent in 2019. The decrease primarily
reflected decreases in consumer spending, exports,
inventory investment, and business investment that
were partly offset by increases in housing investment
and government spending. Imports, a subtraction in the
calculation of GDP, decreased.
The decrease in consumer spending was more than
accounted for by services (led by food services and
accommodations, health care, and recreation services).
The decrease in exports reflected decreases in both
services (led by travel) and goods (led by nonautomotive capital goods).

Year 2020 corporate profits from current
production
Profits decreased 5.8 percent (from the 2019
annual level to the 2020 annual level) after
increasing 0.3 percent in 2019. Profits were
boosted by provisions from the PPP.
• Profits of domestic nonfinancial corporations
decreased 4.3 percent after decreasing 1.8
percent.
• Profits of domestic financial corporations
decreased 0.1 percent after increasing 8.9
percent.
• Profits from the rest of the world decreased
14.6 percent after decreasing 1.4 percent.

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Year 2020 GDP by industry
Real GDP decreased 3.5 percent in 2020. Private goods-producing industries decreased 2.7 percent,
private services-producing industries decreased 3.9 percent, and government decreased 2.1 percent.
Overall, 16 of 22 industry groups contributed to the 2020 decline in real GDP.
• The decrease in private goods-producing
industries reflected decreases in durable goods
manufacturing (led by other transportation
equipment) and mining.
• The decrease in private services-producing
industries reflected decreases in
accommodation and food services (led by food
services and drinking places); arts,
entertainment, and recreation (led by
performing arts, spectator sports, museums,
and related activities); health care and social
assistance (led by ambulatory health care
services); and transportation and warehousing
services (led by air transportation). These
decreases were partly offset by increases in
information (led by data processing, internet publishing, and other information services) and in
finance and insurance.
• The decrease in government reflected a decrease in state and local.

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