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NEWS RELEASE
EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EST, FRIDAY, JANUARY 28, 2011
BEA 11-02
Lisa Mataloni:
(202) 606-5304 (GDP)
Recorded message: (202) 606-5306

gdpniwd@bea.gov

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: FOURTH QUARTER AND ANNUAL 2010
(ADVANCE ESTIMATE)
Real gross domestic product -- the output of goods and services produced by labor and property
located in the United States -- increased at an annual rate of 3.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2010,
(that is, from the third quarter to the fourth quarter), according to the "advance" estimate released by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the third quarter, real GDP increased 2.6 percent.
The Bureau emphasized that the fourth-quarter advance estimate released today is based on
source data that are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency (see the box on page
4). The "second" estimate for the fourth quarter, based on more complete data, will be released on
February 25, 2011.
The increase in real GDP in the fourth quarter primarily reflected positive contributions from
personal consumption expenditures (PCE), exports, and nonresidential fixed investment that were partly
offset by a negative contribution from private inventory investment. Imports, which are a subtraction in
the calculation of GDP, decreased.
The acceleration in real GDP in the fourth quarter primarily reflected a sharp downturn in
imports, an acceleration in PCE, and an upturn in residential fixed investment that were partly offset by
downturns in private inventory investment and in federal government spending and a deceleration in
nonresidential fixed investment.
Final sales of computers added 0.31 percentage point to the fourth-quarter change in real GDP
after adding 0.29 percentage point to the third-quarter change. Motor vehicle output subtracted 0.34
percentage point from the fourth-quarter change in real GDP after adding 0.49 percentage point to the
third-quarter change.
NOTE.--Quarterly estimates are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual rates, unless otherwise
specified. Quarter-to-quarter dollar changes are differences between these published estimates. Percent
changes are calculated from unrounded data and are annualized. “Real” estimates are in chained (2005)
dollars. Price indexes are chain-type measures.
This news release is available on BEA’s Web site along with the Technical Note and Highlights
related to this release.
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-2The price index for gross domestic purchases, which measures prices paid by U.S. residents,
increased 2.1 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 0.7 percent in the third.
Excluding food and energy prices, the price index for gross domestic purchases increased 1.1 percent in
the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 0.4 percent in the third.
Real personal consumption expenditures increased 4.4 percent in the fourth quarter, compared
with an increase of 2.4 percent in the third. Durable goods increased 21.6 percent, compared with an
increase of 7.6 percent. Nondurable goods increased 5.0 percent, compared with an increase of 2.5
percent. Services increased 1.7 percent, compared with an increase of 1.6 percent.
Real nonresidential fixed investment increased 4.4 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with
an increase of 10.0 percent in the third. Nonresidential structures increased 0.8 percent, in contrast to a
decrease of 3.5 percent. Equipment and software increased 5.8 percent, compared with an increase of
15.4 percent. Real residential fixed investment increased 3.4 percent, in contrast to a decrease of 27.3
percent.
Real exports of goods and services increased 8.5 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an
increase of 6.8 percent in the third. Real imports of goods and services decreased 13.6 percent, in
contrast to an increase of 16.8 percent.
Real federal government consumption expenditures and gross investment decreased 0.2 percent
in the fourth quarter, in contrast to an increase of 8.8 percent in the third. National defense decreased
2.0 percent, in contrast to an increase of 8.5 percent. Nondefense increased 3.7 percent, compared with
an increase of 9.5 percent. Real state and local government consumption expenditures and gross
investment decreased 0.9 percent, in contrast to an increase of 0.7 percent.
The change in real private inventories subtracted 3.70 percentage points from the fourth-quarter
change in real GDP after adding 1.61 percentage points to the third-quarter change. Private businesses
increased inventories $7.2 billion in the fourth quarter, following increases of $121.4 billion in the third
quarter and $68.8 billion in the second.
Real final sales of domestic product -- GDP less change in private inventories -- increased 7.1
percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 0.9 percent in the third.

Gross domestic purchases
Real gross domestic purchases -- purchases by U.S. residents of goods and services wherever
produced -- decreased 0.3 percent in the fourth quarter, in contrast to an increase of 4.2 percent in the
third.
Disposition of personal income
Current-dollar personal income increased $128.3 billion (4.1 percent) in the fourth quarter,
compared with an increase of $75.7 billion (2.4 percent) in the third.
Personal current taxes increased $28.7 billion in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of
$28.6 billion in the third.
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-3-

Disposable personal income increased $99.6 billion (3.5 percent) in the fourth quarter, compared
with an increase of $47.1 billion (1.7 percent) in the third. Real disposable personal income increased
1.7 percent, compared with an increase of 0.9 percent.
Personal outlays increased $152.6 billion (5.8 percent) in the fourth quarter, compared with an
increase of $72.6 billion (2.8 percent) in the third. Personal saving -- disposable personal income less
personal outlays -- was $625.8 billion in the fourth quarter, compared with $678.7 billion in the third.
The personal saving rate -- saving as a percentage of disposable personal income -- was 5.4 percent in
the fourth quarter, compared with 5.9 percent in the third. For a comparison of personal saving in
BEA’s national income and product accounts with personal saving in the Federal Reserve Board’s flow
of funds accounts and data on changes in net worth, go to http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/NipaFrb.asp.

Current-dollar GDP
Current-dollar GDP -- the market value of the nation's output of goods and services -- increased
3.4 percent, or $125.3 billion, in the fourth quarter to a level of $14,870.4 billion. In the third quarter,
current-dollar GDP increased 4.6 percent, or $166.4 billion.
2010 GDP
Real GDP increased 2.9 percent in 2010 (that is, from the 2009 annual level to the 2010 annual
level), in contrast to a decrease of 2.6 percent in 2009.
The increase in real GDP in 2010 primarily reflected positive contributions from private
inventory investment, exports, personal consumption expenditures (PCE), nonresidential fixed
investment, and federal government spending. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of
GDP, increased.
The upturn in real GDP primarily reflected upturns in exports, in nonresidential fixed
investment, in PCE, and in private inventory investment and a smaller decrease in residential fixed
investment that were partly offset by an upturn in imports.
The price index for gross domestic purchases increased 1.3 percent in 2010, in contrast to a
decrease of 0.2 percent in 2009.
Current-dollar GDP increased 3.8 percent, or $540.2 billion, in 2010. In contrast, current-dollar
GDP decreased 1.7 percent, or $250.1 billion, in 2009.
During 2010 (that is, measured from the fourth quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2010),
real GDP increased 2.8 percent. Real GDP increased 0.2 percent during 2009. The price index for gross
domestic purchases increased 1.2 percent during 2010, compared with an increase of 0.5 percent during
2009.

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-4-

Information on the assumptions used for unavailable source data is provided in a technical note
that is posted with the news release on BEA's Web site. Within a few days after the release, a detailed
"Key Source Data and Assumptions" file is posted on the Web site. In the middle of each month, an
analysis of the current quarterly estimate of GDP and related series is made available on the Web site;
click on Survey of Current Business, "GDP and the Economy."

BEA's national, international, regional, and industry estimates; the Survey of Current Business;
and BEA news releases are available without charge on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov. By visiting the
site, you can also subscribe to receive free e-mail summaries of BEA releases and announcements.

*

*

*

Next release -- February 25, 2011, at 8:30 A.M. EST for:
Gross Domestic Product: Fourth Quarter 2010 (Second Estimate)

Release dates in 2011

Gross Domestic Product
2010: IV and 2010 annual

2011: I

2011: II

January 28
February 25
March 25

April 28
May 26
June 24

July 29
October 27
August 26
November 22
September 29 December 22

………..
March 25

May 26
June 24

August 26
November 22
September 29 December 22

Advance……
Second……..
Third……….

2011: III

Corporate Profits
Preliminary...
Revised…….

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-5Comparisons of Revisions to GDP

Quarterly estimates of GDP are released on the following schedule: “Advance” estimates, based on source
data that are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency, are released near the end of the first
month after the end of the quarter; as more detailed and more comprehensive data become available,
“preliminary” and “final” estimates are released near the end of the second and third months, respectively. The
“latest” estimates reflect the results of both annual and comprehensive revisions.
Annual revisions, which cover the quarters of the 3 most recent calendar years, are usually carried out each
summer and incorporate newly available major annual source data. Comprehensive (or benchmark) revisions are
carried out at about 5-year intervals and incorporate major periodic source data, as well as improvements in
concepts and methods that update the accounts to portray more accurately the evolving U.S. economy.
The table below shows comparisons of the revisions between quarterly percent changes of current-dollar
and real GDP for the different vintages of the estimates. From the advance estimate to the preliminary estimate
(one month later), the average revision to real GDP without regard to sign is 0.5 percentage point, while from the
advance estimate to the final estimate (two months later), it is 0.6 percentage point. From the advance estimate to
the latest estimate, the average revision without regard to sign is 1.2 percentage points. The average revision
(with regard to sign) from the advance estimate to the latest estimate is 0.3 percentage point, which is larger than
the average revisions from the advance estimate to the preliminary or to the final estimates. The larger average
revisions to the latest estimate reflect the fact that comprehensive revisions include major improvements, such as
the introduction of chain indexes and the capitalization of software. The quarterly estimates correctly indicate the
direction of change of real GDP 98 percent of the time, correctly indicate whether GDP is accelerating or
decelerating 74 percent of the time, and correctly indicate whether real GDP growth is above, near, or below trend
growth more than three-fifths of the time.
Revisions Between Quarterly Percent Changes of GDP: Vintage Comparisons
[Annual rates]
Vintages
compared

Average

Average without
regard to sign

Standard deviation of
revisions without regard
to sign

Current-dollar GDP
Advance to preliminary.....
Advance to final................
Preliminary to final...........

0.2
.2
.0

0.5
.7
.3

0.4
.4
.2

Advance to latest...............

.4

1.2

.9

Real GDP
Advance to preliminary.....
Advance to final................
Preliminary to final...........

0.1
.1
.0

0.5
.6
.2

0.4
.4
.2

Advance to latest...............

.3

1.3

1.0

NOTE.--These comparisons are based on the period from 1983 through 2007.

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Table 1. Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010

2007
I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

2010
III

IV

I

II

III

IV

Gross domestic product (GDP) ...
0.0
–2.6
2.9
0.9
3.2
2.3
2.9
–0.7
0.6
–4.0
–6.8
–4.9
–0.7
1.6
5.0
3.7
1.7
2.6
3.2
Personal consumption expenditures .....
–0.3
–1.2
1.8
2.4
1.5
1.7
1.4
–0.8
0.1
–3.5
–3.3
–0.5
–1.6
2.0
0.9
1.9
2.2
2.4
4.4
Goods.....................................................
–2.5
–2.0
4.3
2.3
1.4
2.4
1.1
–5.8
0.3
–7.7 –10.8
1.8
–1.5
7.2
1.7
5.7
3.4
4.1
10.1
Durable goods ....................................
–5.2
–3.7
7.7
4.6
4.6
3.8
2.4 –10.8
–2.9 –12.0 –22.3
4.8
–3.1
20.1
–1.1
8.8
6.8
7.6
21.6
Nondurable goods ..............................
–1.1
–1.2
2.8
1.1
–0.2
1.7
0.5
–3.0
2.0
–5.5
–4.9
0.4
–0.7
1.7
3.1
4.2
1.9
2.5
5.0
Services..................................................
0.9
–0.8
0.5
2.4
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.9
0.0
–1.3
0.6
–1.6
–1.7
–0.5
0.5
0.1
1.6
1.6
1.7
Gross private domestic investment........
–9.5 –22.6
16.7
–3.6
9.5
–2.9
–9.4
–9.4
–7.6 –12.5 –36.8 –42.2 –18.5
11.8
26.7
29.1
26.2
15.0 –22.5
Fixed investment.....................................
–6.4 –18.3
3.8
–1.0
3.7
–1.2
–4.8
–6.2
–4.6 –11.9 –24.9 –35.4 –10.1
0.7
–1.3
3.3
18.9
1.5
4.2
Nonresidential.....................................
0.3 –17.1
5.5
6.8
11.1
9.4
5.7
2.0
–1.6
–8.6 –22.7 –35.2
–7.5
–1.7
–1.4
7.8
17.2
10.0
4.4
Structures........................................
5.9 –20.4 –14.0
10.7
28.0
24.3
7.4
–0.1
7.5
–3.6
–8.9 –41.0 –20.2 –12.4 –29.2 –17.8
–0.5
–3.5
0.8
Equipment and software .................
–2.4 –15.3
15.1
5.1
4.3
2.9
4.8
3.0
–6.0 –11.1 –29.5 –31.6
0.2
4.2
14.6
20.4
24.8
15.4
5.8
Residential .......................................... –24.0 –22.9
–3.0 –16.4 –12.0 –24.1 –29.3 –27.9 –14.0 –22.6 –32.6 –36.2 –19.7
10.6
–0.8 –12.3
25.7 –27.3
3.4
Change in private inventories ................. ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ...........
Net exports of goods and services ........ ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ...........
Exports ...................................................
6.0
–9.5
11.7
6.4
6.8
15.8
11.6
5.7
13.2
–5.0 –21.9 –27.8
–1.0
12.2
24.4
11.4
9.1
6.8
8.5
Goods .................................................
6.3 –12.0
14.6
12.9
7.6
12.8
9.9
9.6
14.5
–4.3 –26.6 –34.1
–3.7
18.7
31.7
14.0
11.5
5.8
10.0
Services..............................................
5.3
–3.9
5.8
–6.9
4.9
23.0
15.7
–2.8
10.2
–6.6
–9.8 –12.3
4.7
0.1
10.2
5.8
3.9
8.9
5.1
Imports ...................................................
–2.6 –13.8
12.6
4.6
4.6
5.0 –10.6
–1.4
2.9
–0.1 –22.9 –35.3 –10.6
21.9
4.9
11.2
33.5
16.8 –13.6
Goods .................................................
–3.5 –15.8
14.6
6.8
4.8
5.1 –11.8
–3.3
4.6
–1.0 –28.3 –38.9 –10.6
27.4
6.2
12.0
40.5
17.4 –15.5
Services..............................................
2.4
–4.2
3.5
–6.3
3.6
4.4
–4.0
9.4
–6.0
5.0
11.7 –16.8 –10.9
1.5
–0.5
7.8
4.3
14.2
–3.8
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment...........................
2.8
1.6
1.1
–0.5
3.4
3.5
1.2
2.3
3.3
5.3
1.5
–3.0
6.1
1.6
–1.4
–1.6
3.9
3.9
–0.6
Federal ...................................................
7.3
5.7
4.8
–4.8
7.1
9.6
1.1
6.9
7.8
14.2
8.1
–5.0
14.9
5.7
0.0
1.8
9.1
8.8
–0.2
National defense.................................
7.5
5.4
3.9
–7.2
8.3
10.2
0.0
6.8
6.9
19.7
5.2
–8.4
16.8
9.0
–2.5
0.4
7.4
8.5
–2.0
Nondefense ........................................
6.7
6.5
6.6
0.5
4.7
8.2
3.4
6.9
9.6
3.0
14.8
2.6
10.9
–0.9
5.6
5.0
12.8
9.5
3.7
State and local........................................
0.3
–0.9
–1.3
2.1
1.3
0.2
1.3
–0.3
0.8
0.3
–2.4
–1.7
1.0
–1.0
–2.3
–3.8
0.6
0.7
–0.9
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product..............
0.5
–2.1
1.4
1.3
2.3
2.6
3.7
–0.2
1.1
–3.9
–4.6
–3.9
0.2
0.4
2.1
1.1
0.9
0.9
7.1
Gross domestic purchases.....................
–1.1
–3.6
3.2
0.9
3.1
1.3
–0.4
–1.6
–0.5
–3.2
–7.7
–7.2
–2.1
3.0
3.0
3.9
5.1
4.2
–0.3
Final sales to domestic purchasers ........
–0.6
–3.1
1.9
1.3
2.2
1.6
0.4
–1.1
0.0
–3.1
–5.7
–6.3
–1.2
1.8
0.2
1.3
4.3
2.6
3.4
Gross national product (GNP) ................
0.3
–2.8 ...........
0.8
3.5
4.1
4.4
–0.9
0.1
–3.2
–8.6
–4.9
–0.5
2.6
4.9
4.4
1.8
2.3 ...........
Disposable personal income ..................
1.7
0.6
1.4
1.8
0.6
1.5
2.2
1.4
9.2
–8.4
2.7
0.4
5.9
–4.4
0.0
1.3
5.6
0.9
1.7
Current-dollar measures:
GDP ....................................................
2.2
–1.7
3.8
5.3
6.5
4.4
3.8
1.0
4.1
0.4
–7.9
–3.9
–0.4
2.3
4.7
4.8
3.7
4.6
3.4
Final sales of domestic product ..........
2.7
–1.1
2.4
5.8
5.6
4.6
4.6
1.8
4.3
0.5
–6.1
–2.7
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.1
2.9
3.0
7.3
Gross domestic purchases .................
2.1
–3.8
4.6
5.4
6.3
3.4
3.4
2.1
4.2
0.6 –11.7
–9.2
–1.5
4.3
5.1
6.2
5.2
4.8
1.8
Final sales to domestic purchasers ....
2.5
–3.2
3.2
5.8
5.5
3.6
4.1
2.9
4.5
0.8 –10.1
–8.1
–0.5
3.3
2.2
3.5
4.4
3.2
5.4
GNP ....................................................
2.5
–1.9 ...........
5.3
6.7
6.3
5.3
0.9
3.5
1.1
–9.8
–4.0
–0.2
3.4
4.6
5.5
3.8
4.4 ...........
Disposable personal income...............
5.1
0.7
3.1
5.8
4.1
3.9
6.5
5.4
14.3
–4.4
–3.3
–1.2
8.0
–1.6
2.7
3.4
5.5
1.7
3.5
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 2. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010

2007
I

Percent change at annual rate:
Gross domestic product .................................
Percentage points at annual rates:
Personal consumption expenditures ....................
Goods ...................................................................
Durable goods ...................................................
Motor vehicles and parts................................
Furnishings and durable household
equipment ..................................................
Recreational goods and vehicles ...................
Other durable goods ......................................
Nondurable goods .............................................
Food and beverages purchased for offpremises consumption ...............................
Clothing and footwear ....................................
Gasoline and other energy goods..................
Other nondurable goods ................................
Services................................................................
Household consumption expenditures (for
services) ........................................................
Housing and utilities.......................................
Health care.....................................................
Transportation services..................................
Recreation services .......................................
Food services and accommodations .............
Financial services and insurance...................
Other services................................................
Final consumption expenditures of nonprofit
institutions serving households......................
Gross output of nonprofit institutions .............
Less: Receipts from sales of goods and
services by nonprofit institutions ................
Gross private domestic investment...................
Fixed investment..............................................
Nonresidential ................................................
Structures...................................................
Equipment and software ............................
Information processing equipment and
software ..............................................
Computers and peripheral equipment
Software..............................................
Other...................................................
Industrial equipment ...............................
Transportation equipment.......................
Other equipment.....................................
Residential .....................................................
Change in private inventories.........................
Farm...............................................................
Nonfarm .........................................................
Net exports of goods and services....................
Exports .............................................................
Goods ............................................................
Services .........................................................
Imports .............................................................
Goods ............................................................
Services .........................................................
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment .............................................
Federal..............................................................
National defense ............................................
Consumption expenditures.........................
Gross investment .......................................
Nondefense....................................................
Consumption expenditures.........................
Gross investment .......................................
State and local .................................................
Consumption expenditures.........................
Gross investment .......................................
Addenda:
Goods ................................................................
Services.............................................................
Structures ..........................................................
Motor vehicle output ..........................................
Final sales of computers....................................
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

II

III

2.9

I
–0.7

II

IV

I

II

–4.0

–6.8

–4.9

–0.7

III

0.9

–0.18
–0.60
–0.42
–0.39

–0.84
–0.46
–0.27
–0.17

1.27
1.00
0.56
0.08

1.64
0.56
0.38
0.06

–0.07 –0.12
0.08 0.03
–0.04 –0.02
–0.18 –0.18

0.15
0.27
0.06
0.45

0.10 –0.07
0.21 0.20
0.01 0.07
0.17 –0.03

–0.20 –0.33 –0.15 –0.12
–0.09 –0.39 0.19 –0.05
–0.06 –0.22 0.06 0.05
–0.91 –0.78 0.06 –0.11

0.12 0.16
0.36 0.34
0.05 –0.01
0.27 0.49

–0.04 –0.05
–0.01 –0.10
–0.13 0.03
0.01 –0.06
0.41 –0.38

0.15 –0.01 –0.11 0.09 0.19 –0.07 –0.01 –0.26 –0.50 0.01 0.20
0.13 0.12 0.04 0.08 –0.02 –0.05 0.23 –0.27 –0.28 –0.07 –0.10
0.00 –0.05 –0.07 –0.01 –0.12 –0.22 –0.13 –0.41 0.30 0.14 –0.01
0.17 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.02 –0.15 0.22 0.03 –0.29 –0.02 –0.20
0.27 1.08 0.74 0.62 0.71 0.88 0.00 –0.59 0.30 –0.75 –0.79

0.22 0.28
0.01 0.13
–0.04 –0.05
0.08 0.14
–0.21 0.27

1.08 1.20 0.98 –0.54 0.08 –2.46 –2.26
0.34 0.57 0.27 –1.42 0.08 –1.86 –2.57
0.38 0.31 0.20 –0.92 –0.23 –0.95 –1.79
0.17 –0.08 –0.07 –0.53 –0.57 –0.60 –0.85
0.04
0.32
0.03
0.27

0.02 –0.18 0.09
0.23 –0.13 0.28
0.01 –0.09 –0.02
0.07 –0.50 0.31

–0.30 0.22 1.16 0.84 0.36 0.42 0.74
0.14 0.15 0.10 –0.03 0.12 –0.07 0.31
0.23 0.16 0.47 0.16 0.14 0.29 0.58
–0.18 0.03 0.05 0.00 –0.04 –0.06 –0.11
–0.06 –0.01 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.00 –0.01
–0.16 0.11 –0.01 0.15 0.12 0.16 –0.23
–0.21 –0.13 0.21 0.30 0.13 0.14 0.02
–0.07 –0.07 0.28 0.15 –0.22 –0.04 0.18
0.05 –0.08
0.07 0.29

–0.10
0.00

0.02
–1.53
–1.02
0.03
0.22
–0.19

0.12 0.02 0.37
–3.24 1.84 –0.65
–2.69 0.46 –0.15
–1.96 0.53 0.75
–0.81 –0.43 0.35
–1.15 0.97 0.40

0.10
1.51
0.62
1.23
0.88
0.35

0.23
0.08
0.10
0.05
–0.06
–0.31
–0.05
–1.05
–0.51
0.01
–0.53
1.18
0.72
0.53
0.19
0.46
0.52
–0.07

0.01 0.50 0.64
–0.01 0.15 0.15
0.03 0.18 0.18
–0.02 0.17 0.30
–0.31 0.06 –0.09
–0.54 0.31 –0.01
–0.30 0.10 –0.13
–0.74 –0.07 –0.91
–0.55 1.38 –0.49
0.02 0.03 0.25
–0.57 1.35 –0.74
1.13 –0.48 –0.02
–1.18 1.34 0.71
–1.04 1.12 0.95
–0.15 0.22 –0.24
2.32 –1.82 –0.73
2.20 –1.72 –0.89
0.12 –0.09 0.16

0.11
–0.03
0.01
0.13
0.38
–0.32
0.18
–0.62
0.90
–0.31
1.21
0.01
0.76
0.58
0.17
–0.75
–0.65
–0.10

0.54 0.32 0.23
0.51 0.43 0.39
0.36 0.27 0.22
0.27 0.23 0.14
0.09 0.04 0.08
0.15 0.16 0.17
0.13 0.14 0.12
0.02 0.01 0.05
0.04 –0.11 –0.16
0.00 –0.07 –0.10
0.03 –0.05 –0.07

–0.09
–0.33
–0.34
–0.27
–0.08
0.01
0.02
–0.01
0.25
0.17
0.07

0.64
0.48
0.38
0.20
0.17
0.10
0.08
0.03
0.16
0.14
0.02

–0.13 –0.99 2.85 0.55
0.94 –0.10 0.55 0.92
–0.81 –1.54 –0.54 –0.59
–0.53 –0.56 0.46 0.29
0.14 0.03 0.10 0.02

1.69
1.23
0.32
0.13
0.07

0.27
0.07

–0.04
0.04
0.29
–0.15
–0.03
0.06
–0.08
–0.16

–0.79 0.08
–0.20 0.60
–0.02 0.23
–0.18 –0.31
–0.12 –0.09
–0.15 –0.30
0.03 –0.26
–0.14 0.22

0.29
0.27

0.14
0.30

0.04
0.11

–0.20 –0.02
–0.46 –1.53
–0.18 –0.76
1.06 0.67
0.82 0.28
0.24 0.39

0.17
–1.47
–0.98
0.25
0.00
0.25

0.07
–1.17
–0.69
–0.16
0.30
–0.46

–0.11 0.10
–1.95 –6.32
–1.83 –4.01
–1.00 –2.84
–0.14 –0.36
–0.86 –2.47

0.32
0.11
0.06
0.15
0.01
–0.08
–0.01
–1.24
–0.28
0.08
–0.36
0.87
1.71
0.98
0.74
–0.84
–0.72
–0.12

0.38
0.19
0.26
–0.07
0.04
–0.02
–0.14
–1.23
–0.49
–0.19
–0.30
0.84
0.67
0.78
–0.11
0.18
0.42
–0.24

0.25
0.11
0.04
0.10
–0.04
–0.67
0.01
–0.53
–0.48
0.37
–0.85
1.04
1.61
1.24
0.37
–0.57
–0.75
0.18

–0.19
–0.12
0.04
–0.11
–0.11
–0.59
0.04
–0.84
–0.12
–0.08
–0.04
–0.63
–0.66
–0.41
–0.25
0.03
0.15
–0.12

0.61
0.15
0.09
0.38
–0.27
0.04
0.00
–1.43
–0.77
0.06
–0.82
3.21
1.32
0.78
0.54
1.89
1.78
0.11

0.66 0.24 0.44 0.65
0.64 0.08 0.47 0.55
0.47 0.01 0.32 0.34
0.45 0.01 0.31 0.02
0.01 0.00 0.01 0.32
0.18 0.07 0.15 0.21
0.15 0.08 0.13 0.17
0.02 –0.01 0.02 0.04
0.02 0.16 –0.04 0.10
0.02 0.09 –0.06 –0.05
0.00 0.07 0.02 0.14
0.89 2.52
1.87 1.53
–0.49 –1.16
–0.06 –0.45
0.26 0.19

0.20
0.08

–0.34 –1.12
0.41 –0.32
0.35 –0.21
0.26 –0.10

–5.19
0.08
–1.66
–1.72
0.08

III

IV

3.7

1.7

2.6

3.2

1.41 0.69 1.33
1.62 0.42 1.29
1.35 –0.07 0.62
0.83 –0.56 –0.06

1.54
0.79
0.49
0.15

1.67
0.94
0.54
0.12

3.04
2.26
1.48
0.90

0.15
0.20
–0.02
0.31

0.10
0.26
0.07
0.39

0.19
0.34
0.05
0.78

0.23
0.28
0.18
0.67

0.20 –0.16
0.26 0.14
0.02 0.07
0.18 0.25
0.03 0.75

0.15
0.12

0.72 0.76
0.44 0.08
0.14 0.33
0.08 0.04
0.11 –0.01
0.12 0.17
–0.27 0.16
0.11 –0.01

0.34 0.28 –0.18
–6.80 –2.30 1.22
–5.71 –1.26 0.12
–4.49 –0.72 –0.13
–1.99 –0.76 –0.41
–2.50 0.04 0.28

–0.03 –0.09
2.70 3.04
–0.12 0.39
–0.10 0.71
–1.01 –0.53
0.91 1.24

0.18
2.88
2.06
1.51
–0.01
1.52

0.07 0.21
1.80 –3.20
0.18 0.50
0.93 0.43
–0.09 0.02
1.02 0.41

–0.25
–0.07
–0.12
–0.07
–0.78
–0.92
–0.55
–1.22
–1.09
–0.11
–0.97
2.88
–3.61
–3.14
–0.47
6.48
5.95
0.53

0.52
0.12
0.13
0.27
–0.11
–0.05
–0.07
0.25
1.10
–0.19
1.29
–1.37
1.30
1.29
0.01
–2.67
–2.64
–0.03

0.79
0.36
0.25
0.18
–0.03
0.20
–0.05
–0.02
2.83
0.21
2.62
1.90
2.56
2.19
0.37
–0.66
–0.68
0.02

0.32
0.03
0.17
0.12
0.00
0.62
0.30
–0.32
2.64
0.07
2.57
–0.31
1.30
1.09
0.21
–1.61
–1.41
–0.20

0.57
0.24
0.15
0.17
0.39
0.40
0.17
0.55
0.82
0.02
0.80
–3.50
1.08
0.93
0.15
–4.58
–4.46
–0.12

0.34
0.01
0.18
0.15
0.07
0.40
0.20
–0.75
1.61
–0.09
1.71
–1.70
0.82
0.49
0.33
–2.53
–2.16
–0.37

0.49
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.13
–0.25
0.04
0.08
–3.70
–0.06
–3.64
3.44
1.04
0.85
0.19
2.40
2.29
0.11

1.24 0.33
1.11 0.45
0.85 0.48
0.67 0.37
0.17 0.12
0.26 –0.03
0.25 –0.07
0.01 0.04
0.13 –0.12
–0.03 –0.17
0.16 0.05

–0.28
0.01
–0.13
–0.17
0.04
0.14
0.12
0.02
–0.29
–0.03
–0.25

–0.32
0.15
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.13
0.07
0.06
–0.48
–0.11
–0.36

0.80
0.72
0.40
0.25
0.15
0.32
0.27
0.05
0.08
–0.09
0.17

0.79
0.71
0.46
0.41
0.05
0.25
0.18
0.06
0.09
–0.14
0.23

–0.11
–0.01
–0.11
–0.32
0.21
0.10
0.04
0.06
–0.10
–0.08
–0.02

–0.17 1.67 5.74 4.90
0.61 –0.10 0.57 0.02
–1.14 0.02 –1.30 –1.18
–0.04 1.56 0.25 0.74
–0.06 –0.02 0.09 0.10

–0.20
1.21
0.71
–0.06
0.03

1.99 2.31
1.15 0.72
–0.58 0.14
0.49 –0.34
0.29 0.31

0.36
0.09
0.16
0.12
–0.17
0.22
–0.38
–0.54
–1.03
0.12
–1.15
1.47
–0.08
–0.26
0.18
1.55
1.23
0.33

0.16
–0.02

0.69
0.14
0.35
0.08
–0.01
0.11
0.07
–0.05

0.17 0.26
–0.03 0.31
0.00 –0.08
0.25 0.29
0.74 0.78

0.06
0.25

–0.62
–0.95
–3.30
–1.18
0.05

–0.34
–0.05

II

0.02
–0.07

1.04 0.31 –0.61
1.00 0.61 –0.40
0.93 0.28 –0.45
0.81 0.26 –0.29
0.12 0.02 –0.17
0.07 0.33 0.06
0.04 0.30 0.09
0.03 0.03 –0.03
0.04 –0.30 –0.21
0.04 –0.11 –0.07
0.00 –0.19 –0.15

–0.36 –0.09 –3.01
0.92 0.69 –0.08
–1.28 –0.01 –0.91
–0.23 –1.09 –0.53
0.11 0.19 0.04

5.0

I

–0.29 –0.46 –0.37 0.12 0.01
0.01 0.06 0.24 0.23 –0.06
0.40 0.38 –0.01 0.21 –0.04
–0.23 –0.10 –0.07 –0.02 0.07
0.02 –0.08 –0.12 –0.03 0.00
–0.19 –0.16 –0.06 0.02 0.29
–0.30 –0.23 –0.21 –0.21 –0.16
0.00 –0.34 –0.14 –0.08 –0.08

0.22 –0.46
0.32 –0.11

–0.52
–0.19
–0.04
–0.30
–0.30
–1.16
–0.50
–1.18
–2.31
0.13
–2.44
1.50
–3.03
–2.65
–0.38
4.53
4.82
–0.29

1.6

IV

2.9

–0.08
0.04

0.6

III

2010

–2.6

0.16
0.18

2.3

IV

2009

0.0

0.25
0.09
0.29
–0.12
–0.01
–0.03
0.03
–0.02

3.2

2008

0.02
0.09

0.02
0.24

Table 3. Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Level and Change From Preceding Period
Billions of current dollars

Billions of chained (2005) dollars

Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2010

2009

Seasonally adjusted at annual rates

2010

2010

2009

Change from preceding period

2010

2010
2010

IV
Gross domestic product .................................
Personal consumption expenditures ....................
Goods ...................................................................
Durable goods ...................................................
Motor vehicles and parts................................
Furnishings and durable household
equipment ..................................................
Recreational goods and vehicles ...................
Other durable goods ......................................
Nondurable goods .............................................
Food and beverages purchased for offpremises consumption ...............................
Clothing and footwear ....................................
Gasoline and other energy goods..................
Other nondurable goods ................................
Services................................................................
Household consumption expenditures (for
services) ........................................................
Housing and utilities.......................................
Health care.....................................................
Transportation services..................................
Recreation services .......................................
Food services and accommodations .............
Financial services and insurance...................
Other services................................................
Final consumption expenditures of nonprofit
institutions serving households......................
Gross output of nonprofit institutions .............
Less: Receipts from sales of goods and
services by nonprofit institutions ................
Gross private domestic investment.......................
Fixed investment .................................................
Nonresidential....................................................
Structures.......................................................
Equipment and software ................................
Information processing equipment and
software ..................................................
Computers and peripheral equipment ....
Software .................................................
Other ......................................................
Industrial equipment...................................
Transportation equipment...........................
Other equipment ........................................
Residential .........................................................
Change in private inventories ............................
Farm ..................................................................
Nonfarm .............................................................
Net exports of goods and services .......................
Exports .................................................................
Goods ................................................................
Services.............................................................
Imports .................................................................
Goods ................................................................
Services.............................................................
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment .................................................
Federal..................................................................
National defense................................................
Consumption expenditures ............................
Gross investment ...........................................
Nondefense .......................................................
Consumption expenditures ............................
Gross investment ...........................................
State and local .....................................................
Consumption expenditures ................................
Gross investment...............................................
Residual ....................................................................
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.............................
Gross domestic purchases....................................
Final sales to domestic purchasers .......................
Gross domestic product .....................................
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world ...
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world ....
Equals: Gross national product .........................
Net domestic product.............................................

I

II

III

IV

IV

I

II

III

IV

14,660.2 14,277.3 14,446.4 14,578.7 14,745.1 14,870.4 13,248.7 13,019.0 13,138.8 13,194.9 13,278.5 13,382.6
10,351.9 10,131.5 10,230.8 10,285.4 10,366.3 10,525.2 9,315.7 9,182.9 9,225.4 9,275.7 9,330.6 9,431.2
3,427.6 3,312.9 3,380.0 3,377.5 3,419.6 3,533.3 3,251.8 3,151.8 3,195.4 3,222.6 3,255.2 3,334.1
1,089.6 1,043.9 1,060.7 1,074.1 1,087.8 1,135.7 1,178.6 1,115.1 1,138.9 1,157.8 1,179.3 1,238.5
345.2
327.0
328.3
335.9
342.2
374.5
334.8
322.7
320.6
326.0
330.1
362.3

III

IV

368.1
161.8
134.4
84.0
10.8

83.6
54.9
32.6
21.5
4.1

104.1
100.6
78.9
59.2
32.2

258.5
335.5
150.4
2,338.0

249.3
323.9
143.7
2,269.0

255.3
328.8
148.3
2,319.3

258.2
331.9
148.0
2,303.4

258.2
336.9
150.7
2,331.8

262.1
344.3
154.7
2,397.7

276.1
448.6
134.3
2,073.7

259.3
417.9
127.8
2,032.3

267.9
430.7
133.4
2,053.5

273.7
440.3
132.7
2,063.4

277.5
453.2
134.8
2,076.2

285.1
470.1
136.3
2,101.7

22.2
49.3
7.4
56.3

3.8
12.9
2.1
12.8

7.6
16.9
1.5
25.5

801.9
338.1
358.3
839.7
6,924.3

786.5
325.5
344.1
812.9
6,818.6

797.4
333.8
364.1
824.1
6,850.9

794.6
335.5
340.0
833.3
6,907.9

801.4
337.6
348.2
844.7
6,946.7

814.0
345.6
381.1
857.0
6,991.8

703.7
345.4
285.0
744.4
6,065.4

696.3
329.5
283.5
726.0
6,028.7

702.7
339.0
284.0
731.9
6,029.6

697.6
344.3
286.1
740.0
6,053.4

703.0
343.4
286.1
748.0
6,076.9

711.4
354.9
283.9
757.6
6,101.9

18.6
18.6
–0.5
21.3
32.7

5.4
–0.9
0.0
8.0
23.5

8.4
11.5
–2.2
9.6
25.0

6,658.2
1,901.9
1,686.5
299.9
380.8
626.8
820.7
941.6

6,556.2
1,887.6
1,650.1
290.2
377.3
604.7
816.3
930.1

6,589.6
1,887.1
1,657.5
294.6
376.8
615.2
824.9
933.3

6,643.2
1,892.5
1,680.4
299.6
378.5
623.3
829.9
939.1

6,679.2
1,910.9
1,694.3
301.5
384.1
630.5
812.2
945.7

6,720.7
1,916.9
1,713.8
303.9
383.8
638.4
815.6
948.4

5,803.7
1,675.4
1,459.6
254.2
339.9
540.7
725.9
808.1

5,769.7
1,666.3
1,447.9
248.6
338.6
526.1
732.5
810.1

5,769.9
1,664.3
1,446.7
250.8
338.5
535.0
727.4
807.7

5,791.7
1,668.9
1,457.6
253.3
338.2
538.3
729.5
806.1

5,814.4
1,683.0
1,461.9
255.7
341.8
542.0
720.7
809.5

5,838.6
1,685.6
1,472.4
256.9
341.3
547.4
725.8
809.3

26.7
18.5
19.2
3.3
–1.9
13.0
–17.1
–8.9

22.7
14.1
4.3
2.4
3.6
3.7
–8.8
3.4

24.2
2.6
10.5
1.2
–0.5
5.4
5.1
–0.2

266.2
1,092.1

262.4
1,070.7

261.3
1,071.5

264.7
1,087.7

267.5
1,097.1

271.2
1,111.9

262.9
961.2

259.9
954.1

260.6
952.0

262.9
959.9

263.5
962.7

264.4
970.3

6.9
9.1

0.6
2.8

0.9
7.6

825.9
1,821.4
1,752.8
1,412.5
381.8
1,030.7

808.3
1,637.7
1,681.9
1,330.9
398.2
932.7

810.2
1,739.7
1,689.8
1,349.6
380.1
969.5

823.0
1,841.8
1,761.4
1,404.2
381.5
1,022.7

829.6
1,907.2
1,768.6
1,438.8
380.9
1,057.9

840.7
1,796.7
1,791.5
1,457.2
384.7
1,072.5

698.9
1,769.3
1,692.1
1,362.2
317.7
1,054.8

694.7
1,585.7
1,617.1
1,278.3
335.3
944.7

692.0
1,690.2
1,630.5
1,302.6
319.3
989.7

697.6
1,791.5
1,702.5
1,355.3
318.9
1,046.0

699.7
1,855.1
1,708.8
1,388.0
316.0
1,084.2

706.3
1,740.3
1,726.6
1,403.1
316.7
1,099.5

2.9
253.6
61.4
71.4
–51.9
138.5

2.1
63.6
6.3
32.7
–2.9
38.2

6.6
–114.8
17.8
15.1
0.7
15.3

590.2
97.6
282.7
210.0
160.9
112.6
166.9
340.4
68.5
7.2
61.4
–515.5
1,837.1
1,276.4
560.7
2,352.6
1,948.0
404.6

559.0
90.1
269.4
199.5
146.4
78.8
148.6
351.0
–44.2
7.1
–51.3
–426.4
1,689.9
1,157.6
532.3
2,116.3
1,731.8
384.5

568.0
90.5
274.7
202.8
146.8
97.0
157.7
340.2
50.0
9.3
40.7
–479.9
1,757.8
1,213.0
544.8
2,237.6
1,843.5
394.1

586.2
98.4
279.6
208.3
161.6
110.9
163.9
357.2
80.4
9.6
70.8
–539.3
1,817.9
1,262.8
555.1
2,357.1
1,957.2
400.0

595.5
97.8
285.3
212.4
164.7
125.4
172.3
329.8
138.6
6.3
132.2
–550.5
1,848.9
1,282.0
566.9
2,399.4
1,988.2
411.2

611.2
675.5
632.9
645.7
669.1
683.3
704.0
79.7
14.2
20.7
103.6 .............. .............. ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............. ..............
291.2
284.3
269.5
275.4
280.9
287.5
293.5
25.0
6.6
6.0
216.4
242.5
227.4
232.3
239.5
245.9
252.4
27.0
6.4
6.5
170.4
139.8
128.3
128.4
140.7
143.0
147.2
7.6
2.3
4.2
117.1
111.6
74.5
95.8
110.2
124.8
115.5
42.2
14.6
–9.3
173.8
150.2
132.7
142.4
147.8
154.5
155.8
12.4
6.7
1.3
334.3
332.5
341.7
330.7
350.1
323.3
326.0
–10.2
–26.8
2.7
5.2
60.4
–36.7
44.1
68.8
121.4
7.2
173.5
52.6 –114.2
3.5
6.1
6.4
7.6
7.8
5.1
3.9
2.7
–2.7
–1.2
1.8
54.2
–43.0
36.5
61.0
116.6
2.8
171.1
55.6 –113.8
–492.2 –421.1 –330.1 –338.4 –449.0 –505.0 –392.2
–58.1
–56.0
112.8
1,923.9 1,665.4 1,573.5 1,616.4 1,652.1 1,679.3 1,713.9
174.7
27.2
34.6
1,347.7 1,166.8 1,091.7 1,128.0 1,159.2 1,175.8 1,204.1
148.6
16.6
28.3
576.1
499.3
482.0
488.9
493.6
504.2
510.5
27.3
10.6
6.3
2,416.0 2,086.6 1,903.6 1,954.8 2,101.1 2,184.3 2,106.1
232.8
83.2
–78.2
2,002.9 1,735.2 1,566.1 1,611.0 1,753.9 1,825.5 1,750.4
221.7
71.6
–75.1
413.1
352.4
338.3
344.6
348.3
360.1
356.7
11.9
11.8
–3.4

3,002.3 2,934.5 2,955.7 2,990.8 3,022.2 3,040.7
1,214.4 1,159.9 1,178.1 1,206.7 1,233.9 1,238.7
817.8
785.4
796.3
813.0
830.8
831.0
698.3
673.5
684.0
695.2
711.2
703.0
119.5
111.9
112.4
117.9
119.6
128.0
396.6
374.5
381.8
393.7
403.1
407.7
345.0
328.3
333.3
343.3
350.4
352.8
51.6
46.2
48.4
50.3
52.7
54.9
1,788.0 1,774.7 1,777.6 1,784.1 1,788.2 1,802.0
1,447.5 1,432.2 1,447.4 1,446.7 1,441.3 1,454.7
340.5
342.4
330.2
337.4
346.9
347.3
.............. ............... ............... ............... .............. ..............
14,591.6
15,175.6
15,107.1
14,660.2
..............
..............
..............
12,791.5

14,321.5
14,703.7
14,748.0
14,277.3
664.7
499.1
14,442.8
12,425.1

14,396.4
14,926.3
14,876.3
14,446.4
693.7
502.6
14,637.6
12,594.0

14,498.3
15,118.0
15,037.6
14,578.7
696.1
500.8
14,774.0
12,718.3

14,606.5
15,295.6
15,157.0
14,745.1
704.0
515.5
14,933.6
12,873.2

14,865.2
15,362.6
15,357.3
14,870.4
..............
..............
..............
12,980.4

2,570.1
1,077.0
720.3
608.8
112.6
356.8
306.4
50.6
1,499.0
1,220.1
279.1
–42.4

2,550.3
1,043.6
703.8
598.5
106.0
339.8
294.5
45.3
1,511.2
1,228.4
282.9
–13.7

2,540.2
1,048.4
704.4
598.9
106.2
344.0
296.6
47.5
1,496.8
1,225.1
272.1
–22.1

2,564.9
1,071.5
717.1
606.8
111.2
354.5
305.3
49.4
1,499.1
1,222.3
277.0
–37.8

2,589.6
1,094.3
731.8
619.8
112.9
362.6
311.3
51.7
1,501.7
1,217.9
283.9
–42.6

13,179.5
13,662.7
13,593.6
13,248.7
..............
..............
..............
11,480.5

13,051.1
13,338.2
13,369.9
13,019.0
604.0
453.1
13,170.1
11,271.2

13,085.5
13,467.6
13,414.3
13,138.8
627.8
454.0
13,313.0
11,384.8

13,114.7
13,637.7
13,557.7
13,194.9
629.8
452.3
13,372.7
11,432.7

13,145.3
13,777.6
13,644.6
13,278.5
635.7
465.3
13,449.3
11,506.1

2,585.8
27.5
24.7
–3.8
1,093.9
49.4
22.8
–0.4
728.1
27.3
14.7
–3.7
609.6
17.1
13.0
–10.2
120.1
10.7
1.7
7.2
365.9
22.2
8.1
3.3
312.6
15.8
6.0
1.3
53.8
6.6
2.3
2.1
1,498.4
–19.8
2.6
–3.3
1,215.3
–12.0
–4.4
–2.6
283.2
–7.7
6.9
–0.7
–67.0 .............. ............. ..............
13,372.6
186.7
13,767.8
429.1
13,757.8
248.6
13,382.6
368.1
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
11,598.5
343.2

30.6
227.3
139.9
–9.8
86.9
113.2
83.6
104.1
5.9 ..............
13.0 ..............
76.6 ..............
73.4
92.4

NOTE. Users are cautioned that particularly for components that exhibit rapid change in prices relative to other prices in the economy, the chained-dollar estimates should not be used to measure the component’s
relative importance or its contribution to the growth rate of more aggregate series. For accurate estimates of the contributions to percent changes in real gross domestic product, use table 2.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 4. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010

2007
I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

2010
III

IV

I

II

III

IV

Gross domestic product (GDP) .......
2.2
0.9
1.0
4.4
3.2
2.0
0.9
1.9
3.2
4.5
–1.2
1.1
0.3
0.7
–0.2
1.0
1.9
2.1
0.3
Personal consumption expenditures .........
3.3
0.2
1.7
4.0
3.5
2.3
4.2
3.9
4.6
4.4
–5.8
–1.6
1.9
2.9
2.7
2.1
0.0
0.8
1.8
Goods.........................................................
3.2
–2.5
1.7
3.2
4.7
0.8
5.4
5.1
4.9
7.2 –17.7
–6.0
3.7
5.7
2.8
2.6
–3.6
0.9
3.6
Durable goods ........................................
–1.4
–1.6
–1.4
–1.8
–1.4
–2.1
–1.4
–0.7
–2.0
–0.7
–3.4
–2.1
0.1
–2.5
0.7
–2.0
–1.6
–2.2
–2.4
Nondurable goods ..................................
5.6
–2.9
3.2
6.1
8.1
2.3
9.1
8.1
8.3
11.0 –23.5
–7.9
5.4
9.7
3.8
4.7
–4.6
2.4
6.5
Services......................................................
3.4
1.5
1.7
4.4
2.9
3.1
3.7
3.3
4.5
3.0
0.7
0.5
1.1
1.7
2.7
1.8
1.8
0.7
0.9
Gross private domestic investment............
0.7
–2.0
–1.8
2.1
0.1
–0.2
0.4
–0.2
1.0
1.9
4.8
–4.1
–6.7
–6.0
–0.7
–2.0
–0.7
0.5
2.3
Fixed investment.........................................
0.8
–1.7
–1.6
2.1
0.2
–0.2
0.2
0.0
1.3
2.8
2.2
–3.0
–5.7
–4.8
–1.0
–1.4
–0.7
0.1
1.0
Nonresidential.........................................
1.4
–1.2
–1.9
2.0
0.7
–0.3
0.2
0.6
2.1
4.5
4.3
–3.1
–5.7
–5.1
–2.4
–1.9
0.0
0.2
0.8
Structures............................................
4.7
–2.6
–1.5
5.0
1.8
3.3
4.8
3.5
4.9
8.1
8.1
–5.6 –12.2 –10.5
–2.1
0.9
2.0
2.9
3.2
Equipment and software .....................
–0.2
–0.5
–1.9
0.7
0.3
–2.0
–2.1
–0.9
0.8
2.6
2.2
–1.6
–2.0
–2.4
–2.5
–3.1
–0.8
–0.8
–0.1
Residential ..............................................
–1.2
–3.4
–0.4
2.2
–1.2
0.1
0.7
–1.4
–1.1
–2.8
–5.2
–2.9
–6.0
–3.3
4.3
0.6
–3.2
–0.1
2.1
Change in private inventories ..................... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ...........
Net exports of goods and services ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ...........
Exports .......................................................
4.7
–5.4
4.2
3.4
4.4
2.6
5.8
7.8
10.6
5.7 –22.3 –11.5
0.7
4.6
4.6
5.1
4.8
0.2
8.1
Goods .....................................................
4.8
–6.8
4.8
2.7
4.5
2.2
6.1
8.6
13.2
5.4 –27.5 –13.8
2.7
4.8
4.6
5.8
5.3
0.4
11.0
Services..................................................
4.2
–2.2
2.9
5.1
4.2
3.7
5.1
5.8
4.8
6.4
–9.0
–6.6
–3.2
4.0
4.7
3.7
3.7
–0.2
1.6
Imports .......................................................
10.4 –10.7
6.5
3.9
4.0
2.8
24.3
19.4
16.6
2.2 –32.1 –27.3
2.3
8.6
21.8
12.4
–7.7
–8.1
18.9
Goods .....................................................
11.3 –12.3
7.1
4.1
3.5
2.1
28.0
22.0
17.3
1.7 –34.6 –30.7
2.0
9.2
24.8
14.6
–9.6
–9.2
21.8
Services..................................................
5.7
–2.8
3.7
2.8
6.8
6.6
5.9
6.2
13.4
4.8 –17.2 –10.2
3.8
6.2
9.2
2.5
1.6
–2.2
5.9
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment...............................
4.7
–0.3
1.9
8.4
4.6
2.9
4.7
7.3
6.5
3.9
–5.2
–1.7
0.6
0.4
1.5
4.6
0.9
0.3
3.1
Federal .......................................................
3.1
–0.2
1.7
8.7
3.5
0.4
2.3
6.5
4.7
1.6
–4.2
0.7
–0.8
–0.1
1.5
4.5
0.9
0.5
1.7
National defense.....................................
3.6
–0.7
2.0
8.4
4.1
0.9
3.1
6.4
6.3
2.0
–5.9
0.1
–1.8
0.3
1.6
5.3
1.2
0.5
2.1
Nondefense ............................................
2.2
0.8
1.1
9.3
2.3
–0.6
0.8
6.6
1.6
0.6
–0.4
2.2
1.1
–1.0
1.5
2.8
0.2
0.4
0.9
State and local............................................
5.6
–0.4
2.0
8.3
5.3
4.4
6.2
7.7
7.5
5.3
–5.8
–3.2
1.5
0.8
1.5
4.6
0.9
0.2
4.0
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product..................
2.2
1.0
1.0
4.4
3.2
2.0
0.8
2.0
3.2
4.6
–1.5
1.3
0.4
0.8
–0.3
1.0
1.9
2.1
0.2
Gross domestic purchases.........................
3.2
–0.2
1.3
4.4
3.2
2.0
3.8
4.0
4.5
3.9
–4.4
–2.0
0.6
1.4
2.1
2.1
0.1
0.7
2.1
Final sales to domestic purchasers ............
3.2
–0.2
1.4
4.5
3.2
2.0
3.7
4.0
4.5
4.1
–4.6
–1.9
0.7
1.5
2.0
2.2
0.1
0.6
2.0
Gross national product (GNP) ....................
2.2
0.9 ...........
4.4
3.1
2.0
0.9
2.0
3.2
4.5
–1.3
1.1
0.3
0.8
–0.2
1.0
1.9
2.1 ...........
Implicit price deflators:
GDP ........................................................
2.2
0.9
0.9
4.4
3.2
2.0
0.9
1.8
3.4
4.5
–1.2
1.0
0.3
0.7
–0.3
1.1
2.0
2.0
0.3
Gross domestic purchases .....................
3.2
–0.2
1.3
4.4
3.1
2.1
3.8
3.8
4.7
4.0
–4.3
–2.2
0.5
1.3
2.0
2.2
0.1
0.6
2.1
GNP ........................................................
2.2
0.9 ...........
4.4
3.1
2.0
0.9
1.8
3.4
4.5
–1.2
1.0
0.3
0.7
–0.3
1.0
1.9
2.0 ...........
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 5. Real Gross Domestic Product, Quantity Indexes
[Index numbers, 2005=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2008

2009

2010

2009
IV

2010
I

II

III

IV

Gross domestic product......................................................
104.672
101.917
104.829
103.012
103.960
104.403
105.065
105.888
Personal consumption expenditures ................................................
105.057
103.797
105.632
104.126
104.608
105.178
105.801
106.942
Goods................................................................................................
103.462
101.416
105.788
102.533
103.952
104.837
105.898
108.465
Durable goods ...............................................................................
102.798
99.011
106.616
100.870
103.025
104.735
106.673
112.029
Nondurable goods .........................................................................
103.698
102.487
105.347
103.247
104.321
104.823
105.476
106.769
Services.............................................................................................
105.870
105.006
105.576
104.936
104.952
105.366
105.775
106.211
Gross private domestic investment...................................................
90.105
69.778
81.450
73.000
77.811
82.474
85.400
80.118
Fixed investment................................................................................
94.096
76.835
79.729
76.198
76.826
80.219
80.517
81.356
Nonresidential................................................................................
115.532
95.804
101.107
94.879
96.677
100.592
103.019
104.142
Structures...................................................................................
131.976
105.064
90.322
95.310
90.761
90.649
89.848
90.031
Equipment and software ............................................................
108.681
92.035
105.952
94.895
99.408
105.067
108.898
110.434
Residential .....................................................................................
57.324
44.220
42.908
44.092
42.670
45.177
41.719
42.068
Change in private inventories ............................................................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... .........................
Exports of goods and services..........................................................
126.255
114.228
127.613
120.569
123.858
126.592
128.679
131.324
Imports of goods and services ..........................................................
106.113
91.418
102.898
93.874
96.401
103.613
107.718
103.861
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....
105.605
107.287
108.449
107.613
107.185
108.228
109.270
109.113
Federal ..............................................................................................
110.900
117.266
122.906
119.091
119.634
122.276
124.882
124.833
State and local...................................................................................
102.611
101.688
100.361
101.179
100.213
100.367
100.541
100.323
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.........................................................
105.399
103.212
104.696
103.676
103.948
104.181
104.424
106.230
Gross domestic purchases................................................................
102.756
99.045
102.257
99.829
100.797
102.070
103.117
103.044
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................
103.433
100.254
102.122
100.441
100.775
101.852
102.505
103.355
Gross national product ......................................................................
105.129
102.192 .........................
103.413
104.534
105.003
105.604 .........................
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 6. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product
[Index numbers, 2005=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2008

2009

2010

2009
IV

2010
I

II

III

IV

Gross domestic product......................................................
108.598
109.618
110.664
109.693
109.959
110.485
111.060
111.153
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)......................................
109.061
109.258
111.123
110.333
110.901
110.888
111.102
111.602
Goods................................................................................................
106.262
103.634
105.409
105.120
105.784
104.812
105.058
105.982
Durable goods ...............................................................................
95.340
93.782
92.449
93.603
93.121
92.755
92.235
91.685
Nondurable goods .........................................................................
112.484
109.262
112.748
111.651
112.949
111.638
112.315
114.091
Services.............................................................................................
110.566
112.233
114.159
113.102
113.620
114.116
114.314
114.584
Gross private domestic investment...................................................
106.977
104.873
103.023
103.466
102.952
102.765
102.895
103.480
Fixed investment................................................................................
107.053
105.260
103.613
104.030
103.661
103.487
103.523
103.782
Nonresidential................................................................................
106.984
105.700
103.711
104.144
103.639
103.636
103.689
103.883
Structures...................................................................................
125.460
122.187
120.409
119.017
119.291
119.887
120.755
121.705
Equipment and software ............................................................
100.083
99.620
97.710
98.721
97.954
97.764
97.574
97.547
Residential .....................................................................................
106.361
102.736
102.356
102.712
102.869
102.030
101.994
102.531
Change in private inventories ............................................................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... .......................... ..........................
Exports of goods and services..........................................................
111.874
105.877
110.309
107.424
108.771
110.060
110.122
112.282
Imports of goods and services ..........................................................
118.685
105.987
112.851
111.222
114.514
112.234
109.892
114.764
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....
115.009
114.644
116.815
115.067
116.358
116.606
116.706
117.589
Federal ..............................................................................................
111.119
110.895
112.745
111.141
112.375
112.615
112.756
113.234
State and local...................................................................................
117.349
116.892
119.279
117.434
118.760
119.014
119.083
120.258
Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy 1 ......................................................
107.151
108.774
110.203
109.551
109.887
110.171
110.318
110.436
Market-based PCE 2..........................................................................
109.016
109.372
111.093
110.356
110.824
110.763
111.127
111.657
2
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy ...............................
106.778
108.826
110.012
109.445
109.626
109.903
110.214
110.306
Final sales of domestic product.........................................................
108.608
109.647
110.713
109.736
110.020
110.552
111.117
111.163
Gross domestic purchases................................................................
109.813
109.614
111.086
110.265
110.838
110.852
111.034
111.618
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................
109.823
109.649
111.133
110.309
110.900
110.917
111.086
111.628
Gross national product ......................................................................
108.605
109.612 .........................
109.691
109.957
110.478
111.052 ..........................
Implicit price deflators:
Gross domestic product.................................................................
108.619
109.615
110.654
109.665
109.952
110.488
111.045
111.118
Final sales of domestic product .....................................................
108.608
109.647
110.714
109.734
110.018
110.550
111.116
111.161
Gross domestic purchases ............................................................
109.834
109.611
111.073
110.238
110.831
110.854
111.018
111.583
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...............................................
109.823
109.649
111.134
110.308
110.899
110.915
111.085
111.627
Gross national product...................................................................
108.626
109.609 .........................
109.664
109.950
110.479
111.036 ..........................
1. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.
2. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, financial services furnished without
payment) and the final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households. Percentage changes for these series are included in the addenda to table 8 and appendix table A.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 7. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Preceding Year
1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Gross domestic product (GDP) ..............................................
2.5
3.7
4.5
4.4
4.8
4.1
1.1
1.8
2.5
3.6
3.1
2.7
1.9
0.0
–2.6
2.9
Personal consumption expenditures ................................................
2.7
3.5
3.7
5.2
5.5
5.1
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.5
3.4
2.9
2.4
–0.3
–1.2
1.8
Goods................................................................................................
3.0
4.5
4.8
6.8
8.0
5.3
3.1
4.1
4.6
4.4
4.0
3.3
2.8
–2.5
–2.0
4.3
Durable goods ...............................................................................
3.9
7.5
8.2
12.2
13.0
8.8
5.4
7.6
6.0
6.6
5.2
4.1
4.2
–5.2
–3.7
7.7
Nondurable goods .........................................................................
2.5
2.9
2.9
3.8
5.1
3.2
1.8
2.0
3.7
3.2
3.4
2.8
2.0
–1.1
–1.2
2.8
Services.............................................................................................
2.5
2.9
3.1
4.4
4.1
5.0
2.5
1.9
1.9
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.2
0.9
–0.8
0.5
Gross private domestic investment...................................................
3.1
8.8
12.4
10.0
8.8
6.8
–7.0
–1.4
3.6
10.0
5.5
2.7
–3.1
–9.5 –22.6
16.7
Fixed investment................................................................................
6.4
9.0
9.2
10.9
9.3
7.4
–1.9
–4.2
3.2
7.3
6.5
2.3
–1.8
–6.4 –18.3
3.8
Nonresidential................................................................................
10.5
9.3
12.1
12.0
10.4
9.8
–2.8
–7.9
0.9
6.0
6.7
7.9
6.7
0.3 –17.1
5.5
Structures...................................................................................
6.4
5.7
7.3
5.1
0.1
7.8
–1.5 –17.7
–3.8
1.1
1.4
9.2
14.1
5.9 –20.4 –14.0
Equipment and software ............................................................
12.0
10.6
13.8
14.5
14.1
10.5
–3.2
–4.2
2.5
7.7
8.5
7.4
3.7
–2.4 –15.3
15.1
Residential .....................................................................................
–3.3
8.0
1.9
7.7
6.3
1.0
0.6
5.2
8.2
9.8
6.2
–7.3 –18.7 –24.0 –22.9
–3.0
Change in private inventories ............................................................ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ...........
Net exports of goods and services ................................................... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ...........
Exports ..............................................................................................
10.1
8.3
11.9
2.3
4.4
8.6
–5.6
–2.0
1.6
9.5
6.7
9.0
9.3
6.0
–9.5
11.7
Goods ............................................................................................
11.7
8.8
14.4
2.2
3.8
11.1
–6.2
–3.6
1.8
8.5
7.5
9.4
9.8
6.3 –12.0
14.6
Services.........................................................................................
6.3
7.0
5.9
2.4
5.7
2.7
–4.1
1.9
1.2
11.9
5.0
7.9
8.3
5.3
–3.9
5.8
Imports ..............................................................................................
8.0
8.7
13.5
11.7
11.5
13.0
–2.8
3.4
4.4
11.0
6.1
6.1
2.7
–2.6 –13.8
12.6
Goods ............................................................................................
9.0
9.4
14.4
11.8
12.5
13.4
–3.2
3.7
4.9
11.0
6.8
5.9
2.9
–3.5 –15.8
14.6
Services.........................................................................................
3.0
5.2
8.7
10.9
6.8
11.0
–0.8
1.8
1.9
11.2
2.8
7.1
1.4
2.4
–4.2
3.5
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....
0.6
1.0
1.9
2.1
3.6
2.0
3.8
4.7
2.2
1.4
0.3
1.4
1.3
2.8
1.6
1.1
Federal ..............................................................................................
–2.7
–1.2
–1.0
–1.1
1.9
0.5
4.1
7.3
6.6
4.1
1.3
2.1
1.2
7.3
5.7
4.8
National defense............................................................................
–3.7
–1.3
–2.8
–2.1
1.9
–0.5
3.8
7.4
8.7
5.7
1.5
1.6
2.2
7.5
5.4
3.9
Nondefense ...................................................................................
–0.4
–0.8
2.7
0.8
2.1
2.4
4.6
7.2
2.8
1.0
0.9
3.2
–0.8
6.7
6.5
6.6
State and local...................................................................................
2.7
2.3
3.6
3.9
4.5
2.8
3.7
3.3
–0.1
–0.2
–0.2
0.9
1.4
0.3
–0.9
–1.3
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.........................................................
3.0
3.7
3.9
4.4
4.9
4.2
2.0
1.3
2.4
3.2
3.2
2.6
2.2
0.5
–2.1
1.4
Gross domestic purchases................................................................
2.4
3.8
4.7
5.5
5.7
4.8
1.2
2.4
2.8
4.0
3.2
2.6
1.3
–1.1
–3.6
3.2
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................
2.8
3.8
4.2
5.6
5.8
4.9
2.1
1.9
2.8
3.6
3.3
2.5
1.5
–0.6
–3.1
1.9
Gross national product ......................................................................
2.6
3.7
4.3
4.3
4.9
4.2
1.2
1.8
2.6
3.7
3.1
2.4
2.3
0.3
–2.8 ...........
Real disposable personal income......................................................
3.0
3.3
3.5
6.0
3.0
5.1
2.4
3.3
2.5
3.4
1.3
4.0
2.3
1.7
0.6
1.4
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases ............................................................
2.1
1.8
1.5
0.7
1.6
2.5
1.9
1.4
2.3
3.0
3.7
3.4
2.9
3.2
–0.2
1.3
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy 1 ...............
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.8
1.7
2.0
2.7
3.3
3.2
2.7
2.6
0.7
1.1
GDP ...............................................................................................
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.1
1.5
2.2
2.3
1.6
2.2
2.8
3.3
3.3
2.9
2.2
0.9
1.0
GDP excluding food and energy 1..................................................
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.2
1.6
2.2
2.0
1.8
2.1
2.8
3.5
3.3
2.8
2.3
0.8
1.2
Personal consumption expenditures..............................................
2.2
2.2
1.9
1.0
1.6
2.5
1.9
1.4
2.0
2.6
3.0
2.7
2.7
3.3
0.2
1.7
1. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.

Table 8. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Quarter One Year Ago
2007
I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

2010
III

IV

I

II

III

IV

Gross domestic product (GDP) ..............................................
1.3
1.8
2.3
2.3
1.9
1.2
–0.3
–2.8
–3.8
–4.1
–2.7
0.2
2.4
3.0
3.2
2.8
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)......................................
2.8
2.6
2.4
1.7
1.0
0.6
–0.7
–1.9
–1.8
–2.2
–0.9
0.2
0.8
1.7
1.8
2.7
Goods................................................................................................
3.0
3.2
3.0
1.8
–0.3
–0.5
–3.1
–6.1
–4.2
–4.7
–1.0
2.3
3.2
4.5
3.7
5.8
Durable goods ...............................................................................
3.4
4.8
4.6
3.9
–0.2
–2.0
–6.0 –12.3
–8.7
–8.7
–1.3
4.8
5.8
8.4
5.5
11.1
Nondurable goods .........................................................................
2.8
2.4
2.1
0.8
–0.3
0.3
–1.6
–2.9
–2.1
–2.7
–0.9
1.1
2.1
2.7
2.9
3.4
Services.............................................................................................
2.6
2.3
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.2
0.5
0.3
–0.6
–1.0
–0.8
–0.8
–0.4
0.4
0.9
1.2
Gross private domestic investment...................................................
–5.2
–2.9
–2.3
–1.8
–3.3
–7.3
–9.7 –17.5 –26.3 –28.5 –24.0
–9.6
10.5
23.3
24.1
9.8
Fixed investment................................................................................
–3.3
–1.9
–1.0
–0.8
–2.2
–4.2
–6.9 –12.3 –20.1 –21.3 –18.6 –12.9
–2.0
5.1
5.3
6.8
Nonresidential................................................................................
5.2
6.1
7.4
8.2
7.0
3.8
–0.8
–8.3 –18.1 –19.3 –17.8 –12.7
–0.8
5.2
8.2
9.8
Structures...................................................................................
11.0
12.2
15.6
17.3
14.3
9.4
2.7
–1.5 –13.6 –19.8 –21.7 –26.5 –20.1 –15.6 –13.5
–5.5
Equipment and software ............................................................
3.0
3.6
3.8
4.3
3.8
1.1
–2.6 –11.8 –20.3 –19.1 –15.8
–4.9
9.5
15.7
18.7
16.4
Residential ..................................................................................... –18.6 –17.4 –18.2 –20.7 –23.6 –24.0 –23.7 –24.6 –26.9 –28.1 –21.4 –13.4
–6.3
4.8
–5.6
–4.6
Change in private inventories ............................................................ ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ...........
Net exports of goods and services ................................................... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ...........
Exports ..............................................................................................
7.7
7.7
11.6
10.1
9.9
11.5
6.1
–2.9 –11.7 –14.7 –11.0
–0.1
11.4
14.1
12.7
8.9
Goods ............................................................................................
8.3
8.3
11.6
10.8
10.0
11.7
7.2
–3.1 –14.7 –18.3 –13.8
–0.2
14.4
18.7
15.4
10.3
Services.........................................................................................
6.5
6.4
11.6
8.6
9.8
11.1
3.7
–2.5
–5.0
–6.2
–4.6
0.3
5.1
4.9
7.2
5.9
Imports ..............................................................................................
3.4
3.4
3.4
0.7
–0.8
–1.2
–2.4
–6.0 –15.3 –18.3 –14.1
–7.2
6.2
17.4
16.1
10.6
Goods ............................................................................................
3.7
3.6
3.5
0.9
–1.6
–1.6
–3.1
–8.0 –18.0 –21.1 –16.0
–7.3
7.9
20.8
18.3
11.8
Services.........................................................................................
1.5
2.0
2.7
–0.7
3.3
0.8
0.9
4.8
–2.1
–3.4
–4.3
–7.0
–0.8
3.2
6.3
5.4
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....
0.4
1.2
1.9
1.9
2.6
2.6
3.0
3.1
1.7
2.4
1.5
0.8
1.1
0.6
1.2
1.4
Federal ..............................................................................................
–1.9
0.7
3.1
3.1
6.1
6.3
7.4
9.2
6.0
7.7
5.7
3.6
5.5
4.1
4.9
4.8
National defense............................................................................
0.0
1.7
4.7
2.6
6.3
5.9
8.2
9.5
5.4
7.7
5.2
3.3
5.6
3.4
3.3
3.5
Nondefense ...................................................................................
–5.5
–1.4
–0.1
4.2
5.8
7.0
5.7
8.5
7.4
7.7
6.7
4.5
5.1
5.5
8.2
7.7
State and local...................................................................................
1.8
1.4
1.2
1.2
0.6
0.5
0.5
–0.4
–0.8
–0.7
–1.1
–1.0
–1.5
–1.6
–1.2
–0.8
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.........................................................
1.7
2.0
2.6
2.5
2.1
1.8
0.1
–1.9
–2.9
–3.1
–2.0
–0.3
0.9
1.1
1.2
2.5
Gross domestic purchases................................................................
1.0
1.4
1.6
1.2
0.6
–0.3
–1.4
–3.3
–4.7
–5.1
–3.6
–0.9
1.9
3.8
4.1
3.2
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.4
0.8
0.2
–1.0
–2.5
–3.8
–4.1
–2.9
–1.4
0.5
1.9
2.1
2.9
Gross national product ......................................................................
1.2
1.8
2.9
3.2
2.7
1.9
0.0
–3.2
–4.2
–4.4
–2.9
0.5
2.8
3.4
3.3 ...........
Real disposable personal income......................................................
3.1
2.4
2.3
1.5
1.4
3.5
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.0
1.1
0.4
0.7
0.6
1.9
2.4
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases ............................................................
3.0
2.9
2.6
3.3
3.2
3.6
4.0
1.9
0.4
–0.5
–1.1
0.5
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy 1 ...............
3.1
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.9
2.1
1.3
0.7
0.2
0.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
GDP ...............................................................................................
3.2
3.1
2.8
2.6
2.0
2.0
2.6
2.1
1.9
1.2
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.3
1
GDP excluding food and energy ..................................................
3.2
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.4
2.7
1.9
1.2
0.8
0.3
0.8
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
PCE ...............................................................................................
2.5
2.6
2.4
3.5
3.5
3.8
4.3
1.7
0.3
–0.3
–0.7
1.5
2.4
1.9
1.4
1.2
PCE excluding food and energy 1 ..................................................
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.8
Market-based PCE 2 ......................................................................
2.3
2.4
2.1
3.5
3.6
3.8
4.6
1.8
0.5
–0.1
–0.6
1.5
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.2
2
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy ...........................
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.7
1.4
1.1
1.1
0.8
1. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.
2. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, financial services furnished without
payment) and the final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households.

Table 9. Relation of Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product, and National Income
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010

2009
IV

Gross domestic product................................................................................................
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world ..............................................................
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world...............................................................
Equals: Gross national product....................................................................................
Less: Consumption of fixed capital...................................................................................
Less: Statistical discrepancy ............................................................................................
Equals: National income................................................................................................
Compensation of employees ........................................................................................
Wage and salary accruals ........................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries .........................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments ....
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment..................................
Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments ........
Net interest and miscellaneous payments....................................................................
Taxes on production and imports less subsidies ..........................................................
Business current transfer payments (net).....................................................................
Current surplus of government enterprises..................................................................
Addendum:
Gross domestic income ................................................................................................

2010
I

II

III

IV

14,369.1
839.2
664.7
14,543.6
1,849.2
136.6
12,557.8
8,060.8
6,554.0
1,506.8
1,102.0
222.0
1,262.8
812.8
992.3
121.7
–16.7

14,119.0
629.8
483.6
14,265.3
1,861.1
179.1
12,225.0
7,811.7
6,279.1
1,532.6
1,011.9
274.0
1,258.0
784.3
964.4
134.0
–13.2

14,660.2
......................
......................
......................
1,868.7
......................
......................
7,990.8
6,404.7
1,586.1
1,055.8
301.3
......................
737.6
999.9
131.8
–13.6

14,277.3
664.7
499.1
14,442.8
1,852.2
175.2
12,415.5
7,831.4
6,284.9
1,546.5
1,022.1
282.8
1,418.2
765.6
976.8
129.8
–11.3

14,446.4
693.7
502.6
14,637.6
1,852.4
164.2
12,621.0
7,858.1
6,291.4
1,566.7
1,030.7
292.7
1,566.6
765.9
988.5
130.5
–12.1

14,578.7
696.1
500.8
14,774.0
1,860.4
131.1
12,782.6
7,969.9
6,388.8
1,581.1
1,049.7
298.8
1,614.1
736.2
996.1
130.8
–13.1

14,745.1
704.0
515.5
14,933.6
1,871.9
184.1
12,877.5
8,033.0
6,440.8
1,592.2
1,059.5
303.8
1,640.1
719.6
1,002.2
133.4
–14.2

14,870.4
......................
......................
......................
1,890.0
......................
......................
8,102.1
6,497.9
1,604.2
1,083.3
309.9
......................
728.8
1,012.7
132.5
–14.9

14,232.5

13,939.9 ......................

14,102.1

14,282.2

14,447.6

14,561.0 ......................

Table 10. Personal Income and Its Disposition
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010

2009

III

IV

12,391.1
8,065.8
6,559.0
1,506.8
1,102.0
50.8
1,051.2
222.0
2,109.3
1,314.7
794.6
1,879.2
987.2
1,438.2
10,952.9
10,505.0
447.9
4.1

12,174.9
7,806.7
6,274.1
1,532.6
1,011.9
30.5
981.5
274.0
1,919.7
1,222.3
697.4
2,132.8
970.3
1,140.0
11,034.9
10,379.6
655.3
5.9

12,545.3
7,990.8
6,404.7
1,586.1
1,055.8
45.6
1,010.2
301.3
1,906.4
1,193.8
712.7
2,295.2
1,004.3
1,167.0
11,378.3
10,723.2
655.1
5.8

12,239.0
7,831.4
6,284.9
1,546.5
1,022.1
36.2
985.9
282.8
1,889.2
1,205.8
683.4
2,188.2
974.8
1,117.2
11,121.7
10,505.7
616.0
5.5

12,350.3
7,858.1
6,291.4
1,566.7
1,030.7
36.8
994.0
292.7
1,911.1
1,208.7
702.4
2,245.5
987.8
1,134.7
11,215.6
10,603.9
611.8
5.5

12,517.1
7,969.9
6,388.8
1,581.1
1,049.7
38.9
1,010.8
298.8
1,914.4
1,205.3
709.2
2,286.1
1,001.9
1,149.1
11,368.0
10,663.7
704.3
6.2

12,592.8
8,033.0
6,440.8
1,592.2
1,059.5
48.5
1,011.0
303.8
1,889.7
1,174.7
715.0
2,316.4
1,009.8
1,177.7
11,415.1
10,736.3
678.7
5.9

12,721.1
8,102.1
6,497.9
1,604.2
1,083.3
58.1
1,025.1
309.9
1,910.5
1,186.5
724.1
2,333.0
1,017.7
1,206.4
11,514.7
10,888.9
625.8
5.4

9,638.5
10,042.9

9,191.1
10,099.8

9,224.1
10,239.4

9,109.7
10,080.4

9,111.7
10,113.3

9,226.6
10,251.9

9,249.6
10,274.6

9,308.3
10,317.8

IV
Personal income 1 .........................................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received........................................................................
Wage and salary disbursements..............................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries ........................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments ...
Farm ........................................................................................................................
Nonfarm ...................................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment.................................
Personal income receipts on assets ............................................................................
Personal interest income .........................................................................................
Personal dividend income........................................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts................................................................................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance, domestic..................................
Less: Personal current taxes ...........................................................................................
Equals: Disposable personal income..........................................................................
Less: Personal outlays ....................................................................................................
Equals: Personal saving ...............................................................................................
Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income ...............................
Addenda:
Personal income excluding current transfer receipts, billions of chained (2005)
dollars 2....................................................................................................................
Disposable personal income, billions of chained (2005) dollars 2 ...............................

2010
I

II

1. Personal income is also equal to national income less corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, contributions for government social insurance, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, current surplus of government enterprises, and wage accruals less disbursements, plus personal income receipts
on assets, and personal current transfer receipts.
2. The current-dollar measure is deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.

Appendix Table A. Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Aggregates and Price Indexes: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010

2007
I

Gross domestic product (GDP) and related aggregates:
GDP....................................................................................
0.0 –2.6
2.9
Goods................................................................................. –0.5 –3.8 11.1
Services..............................................................................
1.5 –0.2
0.8
Structures ........................................................................... –7.9 –16.6 –7.1
Motor vehicle output ........................................................... –18.6 –24.7 25.8
GDP excluding motor vehicle output ..................................
0.5 –2.1
2.4
Final sales of computers 1 .................................................. 26.5
5.0 18.5
GDP excluding final sales of computers............................. –0.1 –2.7
2.8
Farm gross value added 2 .................................................. 13.3
6.1
2.8
Nonfarm business gross value added 3 .............................. –1.1 –3.8
3.7
Gross domestic income 4 ................................................... –0.8 –2.9 ..........
Price indexes:
GDP....................................................................................
2.2
0.9
1.0
GDP excluding food and energy 5 ......................................
2.3
0.8
1.2
GDP excluding final sales of computers.............................
2.3
1.0
1.0
Gross domestic purchases.................................................
3.2 –0.2
1.3
5
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy ....
2.6
0.7
1.1
Gross domestic purchases excluding final sales of
computers to domestic purchasers.................................
3.3 –0.1
1.4
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)........................
3.3
0.2
1.7
PCE excluding food and energy 5 .......................................
2.3
1.5
1.3
Market-based PCE 6...........................................................
3.4
0.3
1.6
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 6 ................
2.3
1.9
1.1

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

2010
III

IV

I

0.9
3.2
2.3
2.9 –0.7
0.6 –4.0 –6.8 –4.9 –0.7
1.6
5.0
3.7
2.0
6.3
3.3
9.6 –1.2 –0.1 –10.8 –18.6 –2.4 –0.4
6.8 23.9 19.5
1.5
2.0
3.0
2.5
1.5
1.1 –0.2
0.0 –1.5
0.8 –0.2
0.8
0.0
–5.5
3.1 –4.7 –10.9 –12.3 –0.2 –9.4 –16.9 –31.9 –13.4 –0.1 –15.9 –15.2
10.2
4.4 –2.0 –14.6 –8.4 –35.1 –20.7 –58.0 –51.1 –2.0 145.5 13.7 42.3
0.6
3.2
2.4
3.5 –0.5
1.7 –3.6 –5.2 –3.8 –0.7
0.0
4.8
3.0
2.1 12.2 56.0 37.2 19.6 36.0
5.5 12.0
7.8 –10.5 –4.0 17.3 19.2
0.9
3.2
2.0
2.7 –0.8
0.4 –4.1 –6.9 –4.9 –0.6
1.6
5.0
3.7
–9.4 –15.6 –19.3 41.9 55.4 –14.5
6.7 13.8 16.3 –7.3 19.3 –13.9 –0.8
0.3
4.2
2.5
2.5 –2.5 –0.3 –6.2 –9.5 –6.4 –0.2
1.4
6.7
5.0
–2.3
0.2 –2.0
2.5
0.8 –2.5 –2.6 –6.9 –4.9 –1.6
0.0
6.7
4.1

II

III

IV

1.7
–0.8
1.9
10.6
–2.7
1.8
5.3
1.7
24.6
1.6
2.7

2.6
3.2
7.4
8.5
1.8
1.1
–7.9
2.0
25.0 –14.2
2.1
3.6
65.1 62.0
2.3
2.9
5.8 –11.7
3.8
4.5
1.1 ..........

4.4
4.1
4.5
4.4
3.8

3.2
2.0
3.3
3.2
2.0

2.0
1.7
2.1
2.0
1.9

0.9
2.7
1.0
3.8
2.8

1.9
2.9
2.0
4.0
3.1

3.2
2.5
3.3
4.5
3.2

4.5
2.7
4.6
3.9
2.6

–1.2
–0.6
–1.1
–4.4
–0.4

1.1
0.3
1.2
–2.0
–0.2

0.3
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.8

0.7
0.6
0.9
1.4
0.4

–0.2
1.5
–0.2
2.1
1.5

1.0
1.7
1.0
2.1
1.6

1.9
1.0
2.0
0.1
0.8

2.1
0.6
2.2
0.7
0.4

0.3
1.1
0.4
2.1
1.1

4.6
4.0
2.9
3.7
2.5

3.3
3.5
1.7
3.7
1.6

2.2
2.3
2.2
2.0
1.7

3.9
4.2
2.8
4.5
2.9

4.1
3.9
2.6
4.1
2.5

4.6
4.6
2.6
4.5
2.1

4.1
4.4
2.2
5.2
2.8

–4.3
–5.8
0.6
–6.0
1.5

–1.9
–1.6
0.9
–1.1
1.9

0.7
1.9
2.3
1.9
2.3

1.5
2.9
1.5
3.0
1.3

2.1
2.7
2.1
2.2
1.4

2.2
2.1
1.2
1.7
0.7

0.1
0.0
1.0
–0.2
1.0

0.7
0.8
0.5
1.3
1.1

2.2
1.8
0.4
1.9
0.3

1. For some components of final sales of computers, includes computer parts.
2. Farm output less intermediate goods and services purchased.
3. Consists of GDP less gross value added of farm, of households and institutions, and of general government.
4. Gross domestic income deflated by the implicit price deflator for gross domestic product.
5. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.
6. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, financial services furnished without
payment) and the final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Explanatory Note: NIPA Measures of Quantities and Prices
Current-dollar GDP is a measure of the market value of goods, services, and structures produced
in the economy in a particular period. Changes in current-dollar GDP can be decomposed into quantity
and price components. Quantities, or “real” measures, and prices are expressed as index numbers with the
reference year -- at present, the year 2005 -- equal to 100.
Annual changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher formula that incorporates
weights from two adjacent years. (Quarterly changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher
formula that incorporates weights from two adjacent quarters; quarterly indexes are adjusted for
consistency to the annual indexes before percent changes are calculated.) For example, the 2007-08
annual percent change in real GDP uses prices for 2007 and 2008 as weights, and the 2007-08 annual
percent change in GDP prices uses quantities for 2007 and 2008 as weights. These annual changes are
“chained” (multiplied) together to form time series of quantity and price indexes. Percent changes in
Fisher indexes are not affected by the choice of reference year. (BEA also publishes a measure of the
price level known as the implicit price deflator (IPD), which is calculated as the ratio of the current-dollar
value to the corresponding chained-dollar value, multiplied by 100. The values of the IPD are very close
to the values of the corresponding "chain-type" price index.)
Index numbers of quantity and price indexes for GDP and its major components are presented in
this release in tables 5 and 6. Percent changes from the preceding period are presented in tables 1, 4, 7, 8,
and appendix table A. Contributions by major components to the percent change in real GDP are
presented in table 2.
Measures of real GDP and its major components are also presented in dollar-denominated form,
designated "chained (2005) dollar estimates." For most series, these estimates, which are presented in
table 3, are computed by multiplying the current-dollar value in 2005 by a corresponding quantity index
number and then dividing by 100. For example, if a current-dollar GDP component equaled $100 in 2005
and if real output for this component increased 10 percent in 2006, then the chained (2005) dollar value of
this component in 2006 would be $110 (= $100 x 110 / 100). Percent changes calculated from
chained-dollar estimates and from chain-type quantity indexes are the same; any differences will be small
and due to rounding.
Chained-dollar values for the detailed GDP components will not necessarily sum to the chained-dollar
estimate of GDP (or to any intermediate aggregate). This is because the relative prices used as weights
for any period other than the reference year differ from those of the reference year. A measure of the
extent of such differences is provided by a “residual” line, which indicates the difference between GDP
(or other major aggregate) and the sum of the most detailed components in the table. For periods close to
the reference year, when there usually has not been much change in the relative prices that are used as
weights, the residuals tend to be small, and the chained-dollar estimates can be used to approximate the
contributions to growth and to aggregate the detailed estimates. For periods further from the reference
year, the residuals tend to be larger, and the chained-dollar estimates are less useful for analyses of
contributions to growth. Thus, the contributions to percent change shown in table 2 provide a better
measure of the composition of GDP growth. In particular, for components for which relative prices are
changing rapidly, calculation of contributions using chained-dollar estimates may be misleading even just
a few years from the reference year.
Reference: “Chained-Dollar Indexes: Issues, Tips on Their Use, and Upcoming Changes,” November
2003 Survey, pp. 8-16.