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Thursday, February 28, 2019
Contact: Jeannine Aversa, (301) 278-9003

GDP INCREASES IN FOURTH QUARTER
“Initial” estimate of GDP
Real gross domestic product (GDP) increased 2.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2018, according to the
“initial” estimate released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the third quarter, real GDP increased
3.4 percent.
Quarter-to-Quarter Growth in Real GDP

5
4
Percent

Fourth-quarter GDP highlights
The increase in real GDP reflected increases in
consumer spending, business investment,
exports, and inventory investment. These
contributions were partly offset by a decline
in housing investment. Imports, a subtraction
in the calculation of GDP, increased.

3
2
1

0
The increase in consumer spending reflected
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3
increases in both goods and services. The
2015
2016
2017
2018
Real GDP growth is measured at seasonally adjusted annual rates.
main contributors to the increase in goods
were motor vehicles and "other" nondurable
goods, mainly prescription drugs. An increase in health care was the leading contributor to services.

Q4

The increase in business investment reflected increases in intellectual property products and
equipment.
Prices
Prices of goods and services purchased by U.S. residents increased 1.6 percent in the fourth quarter
after increasing 1.8 percent in the third quarter. Excluding food and energy, prices rose 1.8 percent –
the same rate as in the third quarter.
Annual GDP growth
For the year 2018, real GDP increased 2.9
percent, compared with 2.2 percent in 2017.

3
Percent

The increase in real GDP in 2018 reflected
increases in consumer spending, business
investment, exports, government spending,
and inventory investment. These
contributions were partly offset by a small
decrease in housing investment. Imports
increased.

Annual Growth in Real GDP

4

2
1
0

2015

2016

2017

2018

Prices of goods and services purchased by U.S. residents increased 2.2 percent in 2018, compared with
an increase of 1.9 percent in 2017. Excluding food and energy, prices increased 2.1 percent after
increasing 1.8 percent.
BEA data—including GDP, personal income, the balance of payments, foreign direct investment, the input-output accounts, and
regional economic data—are available at www.bea.gov. E-mail alerts are also available. The next estimate of GDP for the fourth
quarter of 2018 will be released on March 28, 2019.