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NEWS RELEASE
EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EST, FRIDAY, JANUARY 29, 2010
Lisa S. Mataloni:
Recorded message:

(202) 606-5304
(202) 606-5306

BEA 10-02

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: FOURTH QUARTER 2009 (ADVANCE ESTIMATE)

Real gross domestic product -- the output of goods and services produced by labor and property
located in the United States -- increased at an annual rate of 5.7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2009,
(that is, from the third quarter to the fourth quarter), according to the "advance" estimate released by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the third quarter, real GDP increased 2.2 percent.
The Bureau emphasized that the fourth-quarter advance estimate released today is based on
source data that are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency (see the box on page
4). The "second" estimate for the fourth quarter, based on more complete data, will be released on
February 26, 2010.
The increase in real GDP in the fourth quarter primarily reflected positive contributions from
private inventory investment, exports, and personal consumption expenditures (PCE). Imports, which
are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, increased.
The acceleration in real GDP in the fourth quarter primarily reflected an acceleration in private
inventory investment, a deceleration in imports, and an upturn in nonresidential fixed investment that
were partly offset by decelerations in federal government spending and in PCE.
Motor vehicle output added 0.61 percentage point to the fourth-quarter change in real GDP after
adding 1.45 percentage points to the third-quarter change. Final sales of computers subtracted 0.03
percentage point from the fourth-quarter change in real GDP after subtracting 0.08 percentage point
from the third-quarter change.

NOTE.--Quarterly estimates are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual rates, unless otherwise
specified. Quarter-to-quarter dollar changes are differences between these published estimates. Percent
changes are calculated from unrounded data and are annualized. “Real” estimates are in chained (2005)
dollars. Price indexes are chain-type measures.
This news release is available on BEA’s Web site along with the Technical Note and Highlights
related to this release.
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-2The price index for gross domestic purchases, which measures prices paid by U.S. residents,
increased 2.1 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 1.3 percent in the third.
Excluding food and energy prices, the price index for gross domestic purchases increased 1.2 percent in
the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 0.3 percent in the third.
Real personal consumption expenditures increased 2.0 percent in the fourth quarter, compared
with an increase of 2.8 percent in the third. Durable goods decreased 0.9 percent, in contrast to an
increase of 20.4 percent. Nondurable goods increased 4.3 percent, compared with an increase of 1.5
percent. Services increased 1.7 percent, compared with an increase of 0.8 percent.
Real nonresidential fixed investment increased 2.9 percent in the fourth quarter, in contrast to a
decrease of 5.9 percent in the third. Nonresidential structures decreased 15.4 percent, compared with a
decrease of 18.4 percent. Equipment and software increased 13.3 percent, compared with an increase of
1.5 percent. Real residential fixed investment increased 5.7 percent, compared with an increase of 18.9
percent.
Real exports of goods and services increased 18.1 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with
an increase of 17.8 percent in the third. Real imports of goods and services increased 10.5 percent,
compared with an increase of 21.3 percent.
Real federal government consumption expenditures and gross investment increased 0.1 percent
in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 8.0 percent in the third. National defense decreased
3.5 percent, in contrast to an increase of 8.4 percent. Nondefense increased 8.1 percent, compared with
an increase of 7.0 percent. Real state and local government consumption expenditures and gross
investment decreased 0.3 percent, compared with a decrease of 0.6 percent.
The change in real private inventories added 3.39 percentage points to the fourth-quarter change
in real GDP after adding 0.69 percentage point to the third-quarter change. Private businesses decreased
inventories $33.5 billion in the fourth quarter, following decreases of $139.2 billion in the third quarter
and $160.2 billion in the second.
Real final sales of domestic product -- GDP less change in private inventories -- increased 2.2
percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 1.5 percent in the third.

Gross domestic purchases
Real gross domestic purchases -- purchases by U.S. residents of goods and services wherever
produced -- increased 5.1 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 3.0 percent in the
third.
Disposition of personal income
Current-dollar personal income increased $119.2 billion (4.0 percent) in the fourth quarter,
compared with an increase of $35.1 billion (1.2 percent) in the third.
Personal current taxes decreased $11.7 billion in the fourth quarter, in contrast to an increase of
$3.5 billion in the third.
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-3-

Disposable personal income increased $130.8 billion (4.8 percent) in the fourth quarter,
compared with an increase of $31.6 billion (1.2 percent) in the third. Real disposable personal income
increased 2.1 percent, in contrast to a decrease of 1.4 percent.
Personal outlays increased $109.0 billion (4.2 percent) in the fourth quarter, compared with an
increase of $132.3 billion (5.2 percent) in the third. Personal saving -- disposable personal income less
personal outlays -- was $516.9 billion in the fourth quarter, compared with $495.0 billion in the third.
The personal saving rate -- saving as a percentage of disposable personal income -- was 4.6 percent in
the fourth quarter, compared with 4.5 percent in the third. For a comparison of personal saving in
BEA’s national income and product accounts with personal saving in the Federal Reserve Board’s flow
of funds accounts and data on changes in net worth, go to http://www.bea.gov/national/nipaweb/NipaFrb.asp.

Current-dollar GDP
Current-dollar GDP -- the market value of the nation's output of goods and services -- increased
6.4 percent, or $221.3 billion, in the fourth quarter to a level of $14,463.4 billion. In the third quarter,
current-dollar GDP increased 2.6 percent, or $90.9 billion.
2009 GDP
Real GDP decreased 2.4 percent in 2009 (that is, from the 2008 annual level to the 2009 annual
level), in contrast to an increase of 0.4 percent in 2008.
The decrease in real GDP in 2009 primarily reflected negative contributions from nonresidential
fixed investment, exports, private inventory investment, residential fixed investment, and personal
consumption expenditures (PCE), that were partly offset by positive contributions from federal
government spending. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, decreased.
The downturn in real GDP primarily reflected downturns in nonresidential fixed investment and
in exports and a larger decrease in private inventory investment that were partly offset by a larger
decrease in imports and a smaller decrease in residential fixed investment.
The price index for gross domestic purchases increased 0.1 percent in 2009, compared with an
increase of 3.2 percent in 2008.
Current-dollar GDP decreased 1.3 percent, or $182.7 billion, in 2009. Current-dollar GDP
increased 2.6 percent, or $363.8 billion, in 2008.
During 2009 (that is, measured from the fourth quarter of 2008 to the fourth quarter 2009), real
GDP increased 0.1 percent. Real GDP decreased 1.9 percent during 2008. The price index for gross
domestic purchases increased 0.6 percent during 2009, compared with an increase of 1.9 percent during
2008.

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-4-

Information on the assumptions used for unavailable source data is provided in a technical note
that is posted with the news release on BEA's Web site. Within a few days after the release, a detailed
"Key Source Data and Assumptions" file is posted on the Web site. In the middle of each month, an
analysis of the current quarterly estimate of GDP and related series is made available on the Web site;
click on Survey of Current Business, "GDP and the Economy."

*

*

*

BEA's national, international, regional, and industry estimates; the Survey of Current Business;
and BEA news releases are available without charge on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov. By visiting the
site, you can also subscribe to receive free e-mail summaries of BEA releases and announcements.

*

*

*

Next release – February 26, 2010, at 8:30 A.M. EST for:
Gross Domestic Product: Fourth Quarter 2009 (Second Estimate)

Release dates in 2010

Gross Domestic Product
2009: IV and 2009 annual

2010: I

2010: II

January 29
February 26
March 26

April 30
May 27
June 25

July 30
October 29
August 27
November 23
September 30 December 22

………..
March 26

May 27
June 25

August 27
November 23
September 30 December 22

Advance……
Second……..
Third……….

2010: III

Corporate Profits
Preliminary...
Revised…….

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-5Comparisons of Revisions to GDP

Quarterly estimates of GDP are released on the following schedule: the “advance” estimate, based on
source data that are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency, is released near the end of the
first month after the end of the quarter; as more detailed and more comprehensive data become available, the
“second” and “third” estimates are released near the end of the second and third months, respectively. The
“latest” estimate reflects the results of both annual and comprehensive revisions.
Annual revisions, which cover the quarters of the 3 most recent calendar years, are usually carried out
each summer and incorporate newly available major annual source data. Comprehensive (or benchmark)
revisions are carried out at about 5-year intervals and incorporate major periodic source data, as well as
improvements in concepts and methods that update the accounts to portray more accurately the evolving U.S.
economy.
The table below shows comparisons of the revisions between quarterly percent changes of current-dollar
and of real GDP for the different vintages of the estimates. From the advance estimate to the second estimate
(one month later), the average revision to real GDP without regard to sign is 0.5 percentage point, while from the
advance estimate to the third estimate (two months later), it is 0.6 percentage point. From the advance estimate to
the latest estimate, the average revision without regard to sign is 1.3 percentage points. The average revision
(with regard to sign) from the advance estimate to the latest estimate is 0.3 percentage point, which is larger than
the average revisions from the advance estimate to the second or to the third estimates. The larger average
revisions to the latest estimate reflect the fact that comprehensive revisions include major improvements, such as
the incorporation of BEA’s latest benchmark input-output accounts. The quarterly estimates correctly indicate the
direction of change of real GDP 98 percent of the time, correctly indicate whether GDP is accelerating or
decelerating 74 percent of the time, and correctly indicate whether real GDP growth is above, near, or below trend
growth more than three-fifths of the time.
Revisions Between Quarterly Percent Changes of GDP: Vintage Comparisons
[Annual rates]
Vintages
compared

Average

Average without
regard to sign

Standard deviation of
revisions without regard
to sign

Current-dollar GDP
Advance to second.....
Advance to third................
Second to third...........

0.2
.2
.0

0.5
.7
.3

0.4
.4
.2

Advance to latest...............

.5

1.2

.9

Real GDP
Advance to second.....
Advance to third................
Second to third...........

0.1
.1
.0

0.5
.6
.3

0.4
.4
.2

Advance to latest...............

.3

1.3

1.0

NOTE.--These comparisons are based on the period from 1983 through 2006.

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Table 1. Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2007

2008

2009

2006
I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

III

IV

Gross domestic product (GDP) ................
2.1
0.4 –2.4
5.4
1.4
0.1
3.0
1.2
3.2
3.6
2.1 –0.7
1.5 –2.7 –5.4 –6.4 –0.7
2.2
5.7
Personal consumption expenditures ..................
2.6 –0.2 –0.6
4.5
2.2
2.5
4.1
3.7
1.1
1.9
1.2 –0.6
0.1 –3.5 –3.1
0.6 –0.9
2.8
2.0
Goods..................................................................
3.1 –2.1 –1.9
7.5
0.7
3.3
5.9
3.9
0.2
3.1
3.0 –5.1 –0.5 –7.7 –10.0
2.5 –3.1
7.2
2.6
Durable goods .................................................
4.3 –4.5 –4.0 17.0 –1.0
4.5
5.6
5.5
2.1
5.2
5.5 –8.9 –5.7 –11.7 –20.3
3.9 –5.6 20.4 –0.9
Nondurable goods ...........................................
2.5 –0.8 –1.0
2.6
1.6
2.6
6.1
3.1 –0.8
2.1
1.8 –3.0
2.2 –5.6 –4.9
1.9 –1.9
1.5
4.3
Services...............................................................
2.4
0.7
0.1
2.9
3.0
2.1
3.1
3.6
1.6
1.3
0.3
1.8
0.4 –1.3
0.5 –0.3
0.2
0.8
1.7
Gross private domestic investment.....................
–3.8 –7.3 –23.5
6.0 –0.6 –5.5 –10.9 –6.0
5.7
0.8 –7.7 –7.4 –10.4 –6.9 –24.2 –50.5 –23.7
5.0 39.3
Fixed investment..................................................
–2.1 –5.1 –18.4
9.5 –1.9 –5.0 –5.3 –2.6
3.6 –0.4 –4.2 –6.3 –2.7 –8.3 –20.2 –39.0 –12.5 –1.3
3.5
Nonresidential..................................................
6.2
1.6 –17.9 18.0
7.3
4.4
2.3
4.2 11.4
9.6
6.7
1.9
1.4 –6.1 –19.5 –39.2 –9.6 –5.9
2.9
Structures.....................................................
14.9 10.3 –19.7 18.9 22.4 10.3
1.5 15.6 22.7 26.6 11.2
6.8 14.5 –0.1 –7.2 –43.6 –17.3 –18.4 –15.4
Equipment and software ..............................
2.6 –2.6 –16.9 17.8
2.1
2.2
2.8 –0.5
6.5
2.2
4.5 –0.5 –5.0 –9.4 –25.9 –36.4 –4.9
1.5 13.3
Residential ....................................................... –18.5 –22.9 –20.4 –4.2 –16.9 –21.2 –19.7 –16.2 –12.9 –22.4 –29.5 –28.2 –15.8 –15.9 –23.2 –38.2 –23.3 18.9
5.7
Change in private inventories .............................. .......... ........... .......... ........... ........... ........... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ...........
Net exports of goods and services ..................... .......... ........... .......... ........... ........... ........... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ...........
Exports ................................................................
8.7
5.4 –9.9 16.5
6.9
0.6 17.8
3.5
5.2 18.5 14.5 –0.1 12.1 –3.6 –19.5 –29.9 –4.1 17.8 18.1
Goods ..............................................................
7.4
5.9 –12.5 17.8
7.4
0.2 13.1
3.0
6.3 14.8 12.4
4.2 14.1 –1.8 –25.5 –36.9 –6.3 24.6 28.1
Services...........................................................
11.8
4.2 –4.2 13.6
5.6
1.5 29.1
4.7
2.8 27.2 19.2 –9.0
7.8 –7.7 –4.3 –13.6
0.1
5.6
0.0
Imports ................................................................
2.0 –3.2 –14.2
7.8
4.5
4.9 –0.5
4.3 –0.5
3.7 –3.6 –2.5 –5.0 –2.2 –16.7 –36.4 –14.7 21.3 10.5
Goods ..............................................................
1.7 –3.9 –16.3
6.3
5.0
5.5 –2.3
5.0 –1.0
2.8 –3.8 –3.5 –4.6 –3.7 –19.6 –41.0 –16.5 25.1 14.5
Services...........................................................
3.5
0.7 –3.8 16.1
1.8
1.3 10.0
0.4
2.1
8.6 –2.9
3.0 –7.1
6.1 –0.9 –11.5 –7.5
7.0 –5.2
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment ...............................................
1.7
3.1
1.9
4.1
0.3
0.6
1.1
0.0
4.4
3.9
1.6
2.6
3.6
4.8
1.2 –2.6
6.7
2.6 –0.2
Federal ................................................................
1.3
7.7
5.2 11.9 –3.4 –0.4
1.1 –5.1
7.4
9.3
2.7
8.1
7.8 13.2
6.5 –4.3 11.4
8.0
0.1
National defense..............................................
2.2
7.8
5.4 10.5
1.1 –1.9
8.5 –7.6
8.6 10.0
0.5
8.2
7.0 19.8
3.8 –5.1 14.0
8.4 –3.5
Nondefense .....................................................
–0.6
7.3
4.7 14.7 –11.6
2.9 –12.7
0.3
5.0
7.9
7.6
8.1
9.6
0.1 12.7 –2.5
6.1
7.0
8.1
State and local.....................................................
2.0
0.5 –0.1 –0.3
2.6
1.2
1.1
3.1
2.7
0.9
1.0 –0.5
1.2
0.1 –2.0 –1.5
3.9 –0.6 –0.3
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product...........................
2.5
0.8 –1.7
5.9
1.2
0.2
4.1
1.8
2.9
3.4
2.8 –0.5
2.7 –2.9 –4.7 –4.1
0.7
1.5
2.2
Gross domestic purchases..................................
1.4 –0.7 –3.4
4.7
1.4
0.8
1.0
1.4
2.4
2.1 –0.2 –1.1 –0.9 –2.5 –5.5 –8.6 –2.3
3.0
5.1
Final sales to domestic purchasers .....................
1.7 –0.4 –2.7
5.2
1.2
0.9
2.0
2.0
2.1
1.9
0.4 –0.9
0.3 –2.7 –4.9 –6.4 –0.9
2.3
1.7
Gross national product (GNP) .............................
2.4
0.6 ..........
5.4
1.3 –0.3
3.2
0.9
3.6
5.4
3.4 –1.1
0.2 –1.8 –6.7 –6.6 –1.0
3.0 ...........
Disposable personal income ...............................
2.2
0.5
1.3
7.7
3.6
1.9
5.3
1.7
0.5
1.7
0.1 –2.4
9.8 –8.5
3.4
0.2
6.2 –1.4
2.1
Current-dollar measures:
GDP .................................................................
5.1
2.6 –1.3
8.6
5.1
3.2
4.8
5.5
6.0
5.3
4.5
1.0
3.5
1.4 –5.4 –4.6 –0.8
2.6
6.4
Final sales of domestic product .......................
5.4
3.0 –0.6
9.2
4.9
3.3
6.0
6.1
5.7
5.1
5.2
1.5
4.7
1.0 –5.2 –2.4
0.6
2.0
2.9
Gross domestic purchases ..............................
4.4
2.4 –3.3
7.6
5.0
3.7
1.9
5.7
5.5
4.3
4.4
2.1
3.2
1.8 –9.2 –9.8 –1.8
4.3
7.3
Final sales to domestic purchasers .................
4.7
2.8 –2.7
8.2
4.8
3.8
3.0
6.3
5.2
4.1
5.0
2.6
4.3
1.5 –9.0 –7.7 –0.5
3.7
3.9
GNP .................................................................
5.4
2.7 ..........
8.6
4.9
2.8
5.1
5.3
6.3
7.1
5.8
0.6
2.3
2.2 –6.7 –4.8 –1.0
3.4 ...........
Disposable personal income............................
4.9
3.9
1.5
9.5
6.7
4.9
5.3
5.5
3.7
4.1
5.2
1.2 14.1 –4.2 –1.8 –1.2
7.7
1.2
4.8
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 2. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2007

2008

2009

2006
I

Percent change at annual rate:
Gross domestic product ...............................
Percentage points at annual rates:
Personal consumption expenditures ..................
Goods .................................................................
Durable goods .................................................
Motor vehicles and parts..............................
Furnishings and durable household
equipment ................................................
Recreational goods and vehicles .................
Other durable goods ....................................
Nondurable goods ...........................................
Food and beverages purchased for offpremises consumption .............................
Clothing and footwear ..................................
Gasoline and other energy goods................
Other nondurable goods ..............................
Services..............................................................
Household consumption expenditures (for
services) ......................................................
Housing and utilities.....................................
Health care...................................................
Transportation services................................
Recreation services .....................................
Food services and accommodations ...........
Financial services and insurance.................
Other services..............................................
Final consumption expenditures of nonprofit
institutions serving households....................
Gross output of nonprofit institutions ...........
Less: Receipts from sales of goods and
services by nonprofit institutions ..............
Gross private domestic investment.................
Fixed investment............................................
Nonresidential ..............................................
Structures.................................................
Equipment and software ..........................
Information processing equipment and
software ............................................
Computers and peripheral
equipment .....................................
Software............................................
Other.................................................
Industrial equipment .............................
Transportation equipment.....................
Other equipment...................................
Residential ...................................................
Change in private inventories.......................
Farm.............................................................
Nonfarm .......................................................
Net exports of goods and services..................
Exports ...........................................................
Goods ..........................................................
Services .......................................................
Imports ...........................................................
Goods ..........................................................
Services .......................................................
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment ...........................................
Federal............................................................
National defense ..........................................
Consumption expenditures.......................
Gross investment .....................................
Nondefense..................................................
Consumption expenditures.......................
Gross investment .....................................
State and local ...............................................
Consumption expenditures.......................
Gross investment .....................................
Addenda:
Goods ..............................................................
Services...........................................................
Structures ........................................................
Motor vehicle output ........................................
Final sales of computers..................................
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

2.1

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

III

IV

0.4

–2.4

5.4

1.4

0.1

3.0

1.2

3.2

3.6

2.1

–0.7

1.5

–2.7

–5.4

–6.4

–0.7

2.2

5.7

1.84 –0.17
0.75 –0.50
0.36 –0.36
0.04 –0.38

–0.40
–0.46
–0.30
–0.21

3.08
1.76
1.35
0.46

1.48
0.15
–0.09
0.00

1.70
0.78
0.37
0.21

2.79
1.39
0.46
–0.02

2.54
0.93
0.45
0.08

0.81
0.05
0.18
0.05

1.35
0.75
0.42
–0.10

0.86
0.71
0.44
0.06

–0.39
–1.24
–0.75
–0.50

0.06
–0.12
–0.46
–0.63

–2.49
–1.89
–0.95
–0.64

–2.15
–2.41
–1.64
–0.84

0.44
0.56
0.28
0.14

–0.62
–0.71
–0.41
–0.14

1.96
1.59
1.36
0.81

1.44
0.61
–0.06
–0.57

0.04 –0.06
0.26 0.13
0.01 –0.05
0.39 –0.13

–0.11
0.05
–0.03
–0.16

0.22
0.53
0.14
0.41

–0.09
0.06
–0.05
0.24

0.04
0.18
–0.06
0.40

0.04
0.44
0.01
0.93

0.15 –0.08
0.22 0.16
0.00 0.05
0.48 –0.13

0.07
0.38
0.07
0.33

0.06
0.33
–0.01
0.27

–0.13
–0.04
–0.07
–0.49

0.05
0.25
–0.13
0.35

–0.22
–0.06
–0.03
–0.94

–0.27
–0.30
–0.21
–0.78

–0.13
0.20
0.07
0.29

–0.15
–0.11
–0.02
–0.29

0.12
0.37
0.06
0.23

0.16
0.33
0.02
0.67

0.11 0.00
0.11 –0.01
0.02 –0.12
0.16 –0.01
1.09 0.32

–0.03
–0.10
0.03
–0.06
0.06

0.06
0.14
–0.13
0.35
1.32

0.23
–0.07
0.03
0.06
1.33

0.07
0.14
0.10
0.10
0.92

0.33
0.17
0.00
0.43
1.40

0.10 –0.14
0.19 –0.02
0.05 –0.01
0.14 0.03
1.61 0.76

0.09
0.11
0.01
0.11
0.60

0.22
0.05
–0.10
0.10
0.15

0.05
–0.04
–0.23
–0.27
0.85

0.03
0.16
–0.11
0.27
0.17

–0.29
–0.27
–0.42
0.04
–0.60

–0.41 0.03
–0.21 –0.04
0.27 0.17
–0.43 0.12
0.26 –0.13

0.20
–0.20
0.02
–0.32
0.09

0.21
–0.01
–0.04
0.07
0.37

0.23
0.17
–0.06
0.33
0.83

1.02 0.16
0.12 0.12
0.27 0.31
0.03 –0.11
0.10 0.00
0.05 –0.02
0.28 –0.10
0.18 –0.04

0.13
0.08
0.23
–0.08
–0.03
–0.12
–0.01
0.06

1.12
–0.13
0.32
–0.06
0.12
0.36
0.21
0.28

1.04
0.58
0.06
0.05
0.05
–0.19
0.16
0.32

0.59
0.30
–0.11
–0.01
0.13
0.00
0.13
0.15

1.38
–0.16
0.37
0.09
0.22
0.18
0.40
0.28

1.69
0.21
0.53
0.05
0.08
0.03
0.43
0.36

0.88
0.03
0.20
0.01
0.04
0.04
0.42
0.14

0.34
0.14
0.18
–0.03
0.08
0.05
0.08
–0.16

–0.14
–0.04
0.30
–0.07
0.00
0.09
–0.25
–0.17

0.70
0.33
0.65
–0.17
–0.01
–0.10
–0.13
0.13

0.13
0.11
0.28
–0.15
0.04
0.11
–0.07
–0.18

–0.79
–0.18
–0.06
–0.11
–0.08
–0.11
–0.16
–0.09

0.06
0.46
0.19
–0.17
–0.10
–0.35
–0.24
0.27

0.34
0.02
0.37
–0.15
0.05
–0.07
0.03
0.10

0.30
–0.16
0.44
0.02
–0.04
–0.10
0.14
0.01

0.24
0.07
0.02
0.08
–0.08
–0.09
0.17
0.07

0.74
0.44
0.16
0.02
0.01
–0.03
0.12
0.02

0.07
0.18

0.16
0.24

–0.07
0.01

0.20
0.35

0.29
0.23

0.34
0.15

0.01
0.19

–0.08
0.30

–0.12
0.01

0.26
0.13

0.28
0.34

0.15
0.44

0.05
0.17

0.18
0.07

0.20
0.24

–0.46
–0.22

–0.21
0.01

0.13
–0.04

0.09
0.11

0.11
–0.65
–0.35
0.70
0.49
0.20

0.09
–1.18
–0.81
0.19
0.39
–0.20

0.08
–3.49
–2.75
–2.09
–0.83
–1.27

0.15
1.08
1.57
1.84
0.52
1.32

–0.05
–0.11
–0.32
0.80
0.63
0.17

–0.19
–0.99
–0.86
0.49
0.32
0.17

0.18
–1.99
–0.91
0.27
0.05
0.22

0.37
–1.05
–0.43
0.46
0.50
–0.04

0.13
0.92
0.59
1.25
0.75
0.51

–0.14
0.14
–0.04
1.10
0.91
0.19

0.06
–1.29
–0.66
0.78
0.42
0.36

0.29
–1.20
–0.99
0.25
0.27
–0.02

0.12
–1.66
–0.41
0.19
0.56
–0.38

–0.11
–1.04
–1.30
–0.73
0.00
–0.73

0.04 0.24
–3.91 –8.98
–3.28 –6.62
–2.47 –5.29
–0.31 –2.28
–2.15 –3.01

0.22
–3.10
–1.68
–1.01
–0.69
–0.32

–0.17
0.54
–0.15
–0.59
–0.68
0.10

0.01
3.82
0.43
0.29
–0.52
0.81

0.29

0.22

–0.23

0.59

0.10

0.34

0.11

0.11
0.11
0.08
0.06
–0.14
–0.01
–1.05
–0.30
0.03
–0.33
0.63
0.96
0.57
0.39
–0.33
–0.24
–0.09

0.05
0.11
0.06
–0.05
–0.35
–0.03
–1.00
–0.37
–0.04
–0.33
1.20
0.64
0.48
0.16
0.56
0.58
–0.02

–0.04
–0.13
–0.06
–0.31
–0.45
–0.27
–0.65
–0.74
0.04
–0.77
1.08
–1.21
–1.04
–0.16
2.28
2.18
0.10

0.16
0.07
0.36
–0.06
0.62
0.17
–0.27
–0.49
0.04
–0.53
0.44
1.64
1.23
0.41
–1.20
–0.81
–0.39

0.46

0.19

0.32

0.53

0.39

0.26

–0.17

–0.70

–0.79

0.19

0.27

0.60

0.09 0.16
0.07 0.11
–0.07 0.06
0.34 –0.05
–0.26 –0.01
–0.01 –0.11
–1.12 –1.36
0.22 –0.13
–0.36 0.06
0.58 –0.19
0.02 –0.71
0.72 0.06
0.54 0.01
0.18 0.05
–0.70 –0.78
–0.66 –0.74
–0.05 –0.04

0.01 0.18
0.13 0.07
–0.03 0.22
0.03 –0.10
0.05 –0.22
0.03 –0.18
–1.18 –0.89
–1.08 –0.61
0.08 0.27
–1.15 –0.88
1.94 –0.29
1.84 0.39
0.96 0.23
0.87 0.16
0.10 –0.68
0.35 –0.67
–0.25 –0.01

0.02
0.12
0.05
0.45
–0.30
0.16
–0.66
0.32
–0.31
0.64
0.66
0.58
0.48
0.10
0.08
0.13
–0.05

0.13
0.11
0.08
–0.03
–0.18
0.08
–1.14
0.19
0.06
0.13
1.36
1.99
1.11
0.88
–0.63
–0.41
–0.22

0.20
0.20
0.12
–0.22
0.00
0.05
–1.44
–0.63
0.03
–0.66
2.24
1.65
0.97
0.68
0.60
0.51
0.08

0.12
0.22
0.05
0.02
–0.27
–0.16
–1.24
–0.21
–0.29
0.08
0.36
–0.02
0.34
–0.36
0.38
0.46
–0.08

0.03
0.09
0.14
–0.02
–0.58
–0.04
–0.60
–1.25
0.34
–1.59
2.35
1.47
1.17
0.30
0.88
0.67
0.21

–0.19
–0.06
0.07
–0.15
–0.54
0.13
–0.57
0.26
–0.09
0.35
–0.10
–0.48
–0.17
–0.31
0.38
0.55
–0.17

–0.19
–0.17
–0.34
–0.20
–0.87
–0.38
–0.81
–0.64
0.10
–0.74
0.45
–2.67
–2.50
–0.17
3.12
3.09
0.03

–0.08
–0.47
–0.24
–0.82
–0.92
–0.48
–1.33
–2.36
0.05
–2.41
2.64
–3.95
–3.41
–0.54
6.58
6.25
0.34

0.08
0.02
0.09
–0.18
0.09
–0.42
–0.67
–1.42
0.05
–1.47
1.65
–0.45
–0.45
0.00
2.09
1.89
0.21

0.05
0.09
0.13
–0.15
0.10
–0.12
0.43
0.69
–0.01
0.70
–0.81
1.78
1.58
0.20
–2.59
–2.41
–0.18

0.33
0.08
0.19
–0.04
0.31
–0.07
0.14
3.39
–0.22
3.61
0.50
1.90
1.90
0.00
–1.41
–1.55
0.14

0.32 0.59
0.09 0.53
0.10 0.37
0.07 0.27
0.04 0.10
–0.01 0.16
–0.02 0.14
0.00 0.02
0.23 0.06
0.17 0.07
0.06 –0.01

0.38 0.75
0.39 0.79
0.28 0.46
0.22 0.40
0.06 0.06
0.11 0.32
0.10 0.30
0.01 0.02
–0.01 –0.03
–0.02 0.02
0.01 –0.05

0.06
–0.24
0.05
–0.11
0.15
–0.29
–0.23
–0.07
0.30
0.08
0.22

0.11
–0.03
–0.09
0.02
–0.11
0.06
0.06
0.01
0.14
0.18
–0.04

0.21 0.00
0.08 –0.36
0.38 –0.37
0.24 –0.31
0.14 –0.06
–0.30 0.01
–0.30 0.02
0.00 –0.01
0.14 0.36
0.24 0.18
–0.10 0.18

0.82
0.50
0.39
0.24
0.15
0.11
0.08
0.03
0.32
0.21
0.11

0.75
0.63
0.46
0.43
0.03
0.17
0.14
0.03
0.11
0.09
0.02

0.31
0.19
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.16
0.16
0.00
0.12
0.07
0.05

0.51
0.56
0.39
0.27
0.11
0.17
0.18
–0.01
–0.05
0.07
–0.13

0.71
0.55
0.34
0.10
0.24
0.21
0.16
0.05
0.15
0.02
0.14

0.95
0.93
0.93
0.81
0.13
0.00
–0.02
0.02
0.01
0.08
–0.06

0.24
0.49
0.20
0.15
0.05
0.29
0.16
0.13
–0.25
0.04
–0.28

–0.52
–0.33
–0.27
–0.22
–0.05
–0.06
0.06
–0.11
–0.19
–0.04
–0.15

1.33
0.85
0.70
0.53
0.17
0.15
0.12
0.03
0.48
0.01
0.47

0.55
0.62
0.45
0.36
0.09
0.17
0.14
0.04
–0.08
–0.20
0.12

–0.02
0.02
–0.19
–0.04
–0.15
0.21
0.22
–0.01
–0.04
–0.01
–0.03

1.01
1.61
–0.49
–0.04
0.13

–1.31
0.30
–1.42
–0.52
0.01

0.52
1.20
–0.27
–0.25
0.11

0.03
1.19
–1.12
0.12
0.07

1.94
2.19
–1.18
–0.33
0.13

1.64
1.34
0.24
0.17
0.15

1.88
1.92
–0.21
0.10
0.29

1.95
1.17
–1.00
–0.30
0.19

–0.55
0.94
–1.12
–0.64
0.06

0.36
0.96
0.13
–1.08
0.16

–1.91
–0.22
–0.55
–0.15
–0.02

–4.54
0.46
–1.30
–1.41
0.02

–2.19
–0.53
–3.70
–1.69
0.06

–0.84
0.96
–0.86
0.19
–0.04

1.60
0.70
–0.06
1.45
–0.08

5.09
1.14
–0.50
0.61
–0.03

0.11
0.94
–0.61
–0.52
0.12

3.17
2.07
0.11
0.43
0.18

–0.22
1.65
–0.23
–0.03
0.02

Table 3. Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Level and Change From Preceding Period
Billions of current dollars

Billions of chained (2005) dollars

Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2009

2008

Change from
preceding period

Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2009

2009

2008

2009

2009
2009

IV
Gross domestic product .................................
Personal consumption expenditures ....................
Goods ...................................................................
Durable goods ...................................................
Motor vehicles and parts................................
Furnishings and durable household
equipment ..................................................
Recreational goods and vehicles ...................
Other durable goods ......................................
Nondurable goods .............................................
Food and beverages purchased for offpremises consumption ...............................
Clothing and footwear ....................................
Gasoline and other energy goods..................
Other nondurable goods ................................
Services................................................................
Household consumption expenditures (for
services) ........................................................
Housing and utilities.......................................
Health care.....................................................
Transportation services..................................
Recreation services .......................................
Food services and accommodations .............
Financial services and insurance...................
Other services................................................
Final consumption expenditures of nonprofit
institutions serving households......................
Gross output of nonprofit institutions .............
Less: Receipts from sales of goods and
services by nonprofit institutions ................
Gross private domestic investment.......................
Fixed investment .................................................
Nonresidential....................................................
Structures.......................................................
Equipment and software ................................
Information processing equipment and
software ..................................................
Computers and peripheral equipment ....
Software .................................................
Other ......................................................
Industrial equipment...................................
Transportation equipment...........................
Other equipment ........................................
Residential .........................................................
Change in private inventories ............................
Farm ..................................................................
Nonfarm .............................................................
Net exports of goods and services .......................
Exports .................................................................
Goods ................................................................
Services.............................................................
Imports .................................................................
Goods ................................................................
Services.............................................................
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment .................................................
Federal..................................................................
National defense................................................
Consumption expenditures ............................
Gross investment ...........................................
Nondefense .......................................................
Consumption expenditures ............................
Gross investment ...........................................
State and local .....................................................
Consumption expenditures ............................
Gross investment ...........................................
Residual ....................................................................
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.............................
Gross domestic purchases....................................
Final sales to domestic purchasers .......................
Gross domestic product .....................................
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world ...
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world ....
Equals: Gross national product .........................
Net domestic product.............................................

I

II

III

IV

IV

I

II

III

IV

14,258.7 14,347.3 14,178.0 14,151.2 14,242.1 14,463.4 12,988.7 13,141.9 12,925.4 12,901.5 12,973.0 13,155.0
10,092.6 10,009.8 9,987.7 9,999.3 10,132.9 10,250.5 9,237.3 9,195.3 9,209.2 9,189.0 9,252.6 9,298.5
3,257.6 3,227.5 3,197.7 3,193.8 3,292.3 3,346.8 3,143.7 3,110.4 3,129.8 3,105.4 3,159.6 3,180.0
1,034.4 1,019.9 1,025.2 1,011.5 1,051.3 1,049.3 1,100.5 1,076.8 1,087.2 1,071.7 1,122.7 1,120.3
312.6
296.4
300.6
299.5
331.7
318.5
316.8
306.2
311.2
306.2
335.2
314.7

III

IV

–323.5
–53.6
–62.3
–45.8
–30.7

71.5
63.6
54.2
51.0
29.0

182.0
45.9
20.4
–2.4
–20.5

253.2
327.6
140.9
2,223.3

259.1
327.3
137.1
2,207.6

255.7
329.6
139.3
2,172.4

251.3
321.3
139.4
2,182.2

251.6
326.8
141.3
2,241.0

254.2
332.8
143.8
2,297.5

259.1
411.5
124.2
2,037.3

264.2
394.3
121.4
2,026.1

259.4
403.1
123.5
2,035.5

254.2
398.4
122.9
2,025.7

258.4
414.8
124.9
2,033.3

264.4
429.6
125.5
2,054.6

–16.4
8.5
–3.8
–20.0

4.2
16.4
2.0
7.6

6.0
14.8
0.6
21.3

790.1
325.7
307.4
800.1
6,835.0

787.5
326.5
321.2
772.5
6,782.3

786.5
327.9
271.0
787.0
6,790.0

786.3
321.6
279.4
795.0
6,805.6

789.4
324.8
324.4
802.3
6,840.6

798.0
328.5
354.9
816.2
6,903.7

697.1
330.1
292.7
720.7
6,090.5

686.4
335.4
287.2
720.8
6,080.4

687.4
334.0
293.2
724.7
6,076.0

693.5
326.9
294.0
714.5
6,078.8

700.1
326.7
292.7
716.7
6,090.6

707.3
332.9
290.7
727.0
6,116.4

–3.6
–14.9
5.3
–8.0
7.4

6.6
–0.2
–1.3
2.2
11.8

7.2
6.2
–2.0
10.3
25.8

6,569.7
1,878.3
1,626.0
304.6
382.6
605.7
828.5
944.1

6,494.1
1,872.1
1,574.9
305.7
380.9
607.3
823.5
929.8

6,522.0
1,878.8
1,598.0
301.6
383.4
607.3
816.7
936.0

6,545.9
1,871.1
1,622.6
301.1
381.5
606.0
824.9
938.7

6,575.7
1,872.5
1,633.0
306.3
382.5
603.7
832.4
945.3

6,635.3
1,890.6
1,650.3
309.4
383.0
605.7
839.8
956.4

5,833.9
1,657.6
1,446.2
263.7
345.4
529.8
758.7
833.6

5,806.6
1,656.3
1,422.4
266.7
346.1
535.9
750.6
829.2

5,817.2
1,656.9
1,434.3
261.9
347.7
533.7
751.4
832.2

5,826.7
1,651.8
1,448.2
262.5
346.3
530.5
756.1
832.4

5,834.3
1,654.0
1,448.6
265.0
343.6
527.9
761.8
834.6

5,857.2
1,667.8
1,453.7
265.5
343.8
527.0
765.5
835.1

16.3
10.4
29.8
–10.1
–4.4
–15.6
–1.1
7.9

7.6
2.2
0.4
2.5
–2.7
–2.6
5.7
2.2

22.9
13.8
5.1
0.5
0.2
–0.9
3.7
0.5

265.2
1,069.6

288.2
1,066.1

268.0
1,060.8

259.7
1,065.8

264.9
1,070.7

268.4
1,081.1

256.9
958.3

275.4
965.1

259.4
957.8

252.0
958.2

256.5
957.0

259.6
960.3

–9.7
1.6

4.5
–1.2

3.1
3.3

804.3
1,622.9
1,747.9
1,386.6
480.7
906.0

778.0
2,022.1
2,066.6
1,638.7
620.7
1,018.0

792.7
1,689.9
1,817.2
1,442.6
533.1
909.5

806.1
1,561.5
1,737.7
1,391.8
494.8
897.0

805.8
1,556.1
1,712.6
1,353.9
457.9
895.9

812.7
1,684.0
1,724.0
1,358.2
436.8
921.5

701.5
1,522.8
1,646.7
1,289.1
391.0
887.9

691.0
1,857.7
1,909.3
1,496.1
484.0
993.7

698.7
1,558.5
1,687.5
1,321.2
419.4
887.5

705.7
1,456.7
1,631.9
1,288.4
400.0
876.5

700.5
1,474.4
1,626.7
1,269.0
380.2
879.8

700.9
1,601.8
1,640.6
1,278.1
364.6
907.7

10.5
–466.6
–371.7
–280.6
–95.8
–180.7

–5.2
17.7
–5.2
–19.4
–19.8
3.3

0.4
127.4
13.9
9.1
–15.6
27.9

519.9
74.7
241.8
203.4
150.4
72.4
163.2
361.3
–125.0
–2.5
–122.5
–390.1
1,560.0
1,035.1
524.9
1,950.1
1,569.8
380.4

540.2
75.8
258.7
205.6
187.9
95.3
194.7
427.8
–44.5
–3.7
–40.8
–590.5
1,706.2
1,155.7
550.5
2,296.7
1,892.5
404.2

508.3
71.1
240.5
196.7
157.8
65.4
178.0
374.6
–127.4
–1.3
–126.1
–378.5
1,509.3
989.5
519.8
1,887.9
1,508.2
379.6

512.2
72.0
240.2
200.1
151.4
70.6
162.7
345.9
–176.2
0.6
–176.8
–339.1
1,493.7
978.1
515.6
1,832.8
1,461.1
371.7

519.0
72.5
241.4
205.1
146.5
73.2
157.2
358.8
–156.5
0.0
–156.5
–402.2
1,573.8
1,045.2
528.5
1,976.0
1,592.8
383.1

540.3
553.7
567.6
537.5
544.8
554.9
577.6
–35.1
10.1
22.7
83.3 .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............
245.1
238.3
252.2
235.5
236.2
239.2
242.2
–18.7
3.0
3.0
211.9
202.3
204.3
195.8
199.1
203.9
210.5
–8.8
4.8
6.6
145.9
133.9
167.2
140.8
135.2
130.4
129.2
–40.8
–4.8
–1.2
80.5
66.1
90.9
59.8
62.7
66.0
76.0
–62.8
3.3
10.0
154.8
144.8
172.6
157.3
144.0
140.1
137.9
–35.5
–3.9
–2.2
365.7
359.1
415.0
367.9
344.4
359.6
364.6
–92.0
15.2
5.0
–40.0 –111.7
–37.4 –113.9 –160.2 –139.2
–33.5
–85.8
21.0
105.7
–9.3
–0.5
–1.9
0.3
2.2
1.9
–6.2
4.8
–0.3
–8.1
–30.7 –111.7
–35.7 –114.9 –163.1 –141.4
–27.3
–91.3
21.7
114.1
–440.5 –353.8 –470.9 –386.5 –330.4 –357.4 –341.1
140.5
–27.0
16.3
1,663.4 1,468.6 1,568.0 1,434.5 1,419.5 1,478.8 1,541.6 –160.7
59.3
62.8
1,127.6
987.0 1,072.9
956.1
940.7
993.9 1,057.4 –140.5
53.2
63.5
535.8
480.6
494.9
477.2
477.4
483.9
484.0
–21.1
6.5
0.1
2,103.9 1,822.5 2,038.9 1,821.0 1,749.8 1,836.2 1,882.7 –301.0
86.4
46.5
1,716.9 1,479.1 1,682.6 1,474.4 1,409.4 1,490.6 1,541.9 –288.2
81.2
51.3
387.0
342.9
356.9
346.2
339.5
345.3
340.7
–13.6
5.8
–4.6

2,933.3 2,905.9 2,879.0 2,929.4 2,955.4 2,969.5
1,144.9 1,114.3 1,106.7 1,138.3 1,164.3 1,170.4
779.1
758.9
750.7
776.2
795.8
793.8
666.8
648.8
642.9
662.7
679.3
682.4
112.3
110.1
107.8
113.5
116.5
111.4
365.8
355.3
356.0
362.1
368.5
376.5
320.0
306.6
311.3
316.4
321.9
330.3
45.8
48.8
44.7
45.7
46.6
46.2
1,788.4 1,791.7 1,772.3 1,791.2 1,791.1 1,799.1
1,430.9 1,441.7 1,424.4 1,429.9 1,429.8 1,439.7
357.5
350.0
347.9
361.3
361.3
359.4
............... ............... ............... .............. .............. ..............
14,383.7
14,648.8
14,773.8
14,258.7
...............
...............
...............
12,395.0

14,391.8
14,937.8
14,982.3
14,347.3
714.4
607.4
14,454.3
12,466.4

14,305.3
14,556.5
14,683.9
14,178.0
579.6
479.7
14,277.9
12,294.4

14,327.4
14,490.3
14,666.5
14,151.2
571.3
478.6
14,243.8
12,287.2

14,398.7
14,644.3
14,800.9
14,242.1
590.6
469.1
14,363.7
12,391.4

14,503.4
14,903.9
14,944.0
14,463.4
..............
..............
..............
12,607.0

2,566.4
1,026.7
695.1
589.4
106.5
331.4
286.9
44.6
1,542.8
1,249.4
293.1
–10.7

2,544.0
1,007.3
681.7
578.7
103.8
325.4
278.4
47.2
1,539.3
1,253.6
285.9
8.4

2,527.2
996.3
672.8
571.5
102.0
323.4
280.1
43.3
1,533.3
1,252.3
281.5
–1.1

2,568.6
1,023.5
695.2
588.2
107.8
328.2
284.0
44.3
1,548.0
1,252.7
294.9
–2.9

2,585.5
1,043.3
709.3
599.6
110.7
333.8
288.3
45.5
1,545.5
1,246.6
298.4
–13.7

13,115.2
13,335.8
13,461.6
12,988.7
..............
..............
..............
11,251.4

13,193.5
13,604.0
13,654.9
13,141.9
652.7
554.2
13,240.5
11,416.0

13,055.8
13,303.1
13,432.7
12,925.4
530.9
438.5
13,018.1
11,193.2

13,077.8
13,225.9
13,401.4
12,901.5
522.5
437.5
12,986.8
11,167.0

13,127.2
13,323.8
13,477.2
12,973.0
538.2
427.5
13,084.0
11,235.2

2,584.4
48.3
16.9
–1.1
1,043.5
50.8
19.8
0.2
703.1
35.7
14.1
–6.2
598.2
27.8
11.4
–1.4
105.5
8.1
2.9
–5.2
340.4
15.0
5.6
6.6
295.2
13.4
4.3
6.9
45.1
1.6
1.2
–0.4
1,544.3
–0.9
–2.5
–1.2
1,246.1
–2.1
–6.1
–0.5
297.6
0.8
3.5
–0.8
–25.8 .............. .............. ..............
13,200.2 –226.0
13,490.3 –465.4
13,535.2 –368.2
13,155.0 –323.5
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
11,410.4 –345.7

49.4
73.0
97.9
166.5
75.8
58.0
71.5
182.0
15.7 ..............
–10.0 ..............
97.2 ..............
68.2
175.2

NOTE. Users are cautioned that particularly for components that exhibit rapid change in prices relative to other prices in the economy, the chained-dollar estimates should not be used to measure the component’s
relative importance or its contribution to the growth rate of more aggregate series. For accurate estimates of the contributions to percent changes in real gross domestic product, use table 2.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 4. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2007

2008

2009

2006
I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

III

IV

Gross domestic product (GDP) ................
2.9
2.1
1.2
3.0
3.6
3.1
1.8
4.2
2.7
1.6
2.3
1.9
1.8
4.0
0.1
1.9
0.0
0.4
0.6
Personal consumption expenditures ..................
2.7
3.3
0.2
1.7
3.0
3.0 –0.1
3.7
3.2
2.3
5.1
3.7
3.9
4.7 –5.0 –1.5
1.4
2.6
2.7
Goods..................................................................
1.3
3.3 –2.4 –0.3
2.6
2.2 –5.8
3.2
3.7
0.3
7.0
5.2
3.8
6.8 –16.1 –6.0
2.7
5.4
4.1
Durable goods .................................................
–1.8 –1.2 –1.6 –1.2 –1.6 –1.9 –2.0 –1.6 –1.4 –2.8 –1.4
0.0 –0.9 –1.2 –3.3 –1.7
0.3 –3.1
0.1
Nondurable goods ...........................................
2.9
5.6 –2.7
0.1
5.0
4.5 –7.7
5.9
6.6
1.9 11.5
7.8
6.1 10.8 –21.5 –7.9
3.8
9.6
6.0
Services...............................................................
3.4
3.4
1.5
2.8
3.3
3.3
3.1
4.0
2.9
3.4
4.2
2.9
4.0
3.6
1.0
0.7
0.7
1.3
2.0
Gross private domestic investment.....................
2.2
0.6 –0.8
4.7
3.5
2.5
3.8
2.8
0.6
0.8
1.0 –1.6
0.6
2.3
5.3 –1.8 –4.5 –5.7 –1.4
Fixed investment..................................................
2.2
0.8 –1.3
4.7
3.5
2.4
3.7
2.7
0.8
0.8
1.1 –0.7
1.1
2.5
1.3 –2.0 –4.4 –4.4 –0.8
Nonresidential..................................................
2.6
1.6 –0.4
3.5
3.3
3.0
3.9
3.2
1.6
0.9
1.3 –0.3
2.1
4.4
4.4 –1.3 –4.2 –4.9 –1.6
Structures.....................................................
7.4
3.2 –2.0 11.8 11.4
8.0 11.5
9.2
3.7
3.3
3.4
0.6
2.7
6.7
7.9 –3.5 –10.2 –10.1 –2.2
Equipment and software ..............................
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.3
1.0
0.7
0.6
0.6 –0.2
0.2 –0.7
1.7
3.1
2.5
0.1 –0.6 –1.9 –1.2
Residential .......................................................
1.3 –1.6 –4.8
7.1
4.1
1.3
3.4
1.5 –1.1
0.6
0.9 –1.5 –1.6 –3.8 –9.5 –4.9 –5.2 –2.7
2.2
Change in private inventories .............................. .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ..........
Net exports of goods and services ..................... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... ..........
Exports ................................................................
3.5
4.9 –5.5
2.9
5.2
5.0
0.2
3.6
4.5
3.3
6.7
7.6 10.2
6.3 –21.4 –12.6
0.1
4.6
5.7
Goods ..............................................................
3.6
5.0 –6.6
2.7
5.5
5.5
0.9
3.1
4.2
3.0
6.8
8.3 12.1
5.6 –25.4 –14.8
1.9
4.6
5.7
Services...........................................................
3.5
4.8 –2.9
3.4
4.4
3.9 –1.6
4.5
5.1
4.2
6.5
6.0
6.0
7.8 –11.9 –8.1 –3.3
4.5
5.6
Imports ................................................................
3.7 10.7 –10.5
1.6
4.2
3.1 –4.6
3.2
6.3
6.2 20.5 15.5 21.4
7.1 –34.3 –28.3
4.2 11.4 16.3
Goods ..............................................................
3.7 11.4 –11.8
0.8
4.0
3.2 –5.4
3.4
6.2
6.1 22.9 17.2 22.4
7.1 –37.0 –31.6
5.5 12.9 17.9
Services...........................................................
3.9
7.2 –4.1
6.2
5.5
2.7 –0.2
2.3
7.2
6.6
8.7
7.0 16.9
7.5 –19.1 –12.1 –0.7
5.5
9.7
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment ...............................................
4.5
4.5 –0.2
5.3
5.6
3.1
2.4
7.1
4.7
2.7
5.5
6.3
6.3
4.2 –5.8 –1.1
0.4
0.9
2.1
Federal ................................................................
3.5
3.0
0.5
9.8
4.3
1.2
0.5
8.6
3.5
0.6
2.5
5.6
4.4
1.9 –4.1
1.7
0.5
1.4
2.0
National defense..............................................
3.7
3.3
0.2 10.5
4.6
1.5
0.3
8.3
4.1
1.2
3.3
5.5
5.7
2.4 –6.0
0.9
0.3
1.9
2.6
Nondefense .....................................................
3.1
2.1
1.3
8.4
3.7
0.7
0.9
9.0
2.3 –0.7
0.9
6.0
1.7
0.8
0.2
3.3
0.9
0.3
0.9
State and local.....................................................
5.1
5.4 –0.6
2.8
6.4
4.2
3.4
6.3
5.3
3.9
7.3
6.6
7.4
5.6 –6.9 –2.8
0.4
0.6
2.1
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product...........................
2.9
2.1
1.1
3.0
3.6
3.1
1.8
4.2
2.7
1.6
2.3
2.0
1.9
4.0 –0.5
1.8 –0.1
0.5
0.7
Gross domestic purchases..................................
2.9
3.2
0.1
2.8
3.6
2.9
1.0
4.2
3.1
2.2
4.6
3.4
3.9
4.3 –3.8 –1.4
0.5
1.3
2.1
Final sales to domestic purchasers .....................
2.9
3.2
0.0
2.8
3.6
2.9
1.0
4.2
3.1
2.2
4.6
3.5
4.0
4.3 –4.3 –1.5
0.5
1.4
2.2
Gross national product (GNP) .............................
2.9
2.1 ..........
3.0
3.6
3.1
1.8
4.3
2.7
1.6
2.3
1.9
1.8
4.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.4 ..........
Implicit price deflators:
GDP .................................................................
2.9
2.1
1.2
3.0
3.6
3.1
1.8
4.3
2.7
1.7
2.4
1.7
2.0
4.1
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.4
0.6
Gross domestic purchases ..............................
2.9
3.2
0.1
2.8
3.5
2.9
0.9
4.2
3.0
2.2
4.6
3.2
4.1
4.4 –3.9 –1.4
0.5
1.3
2.1
GNP .................................................................
2.9
2.1 ..........
3.0
3.6
3.1
1.8
4.3
2.7
1.7
2.4
1.8
2.0
4.2 –0.1
1.9
0.0
0.4 ..........
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 5. Real Gross Domestic Product, Quantity Indexes
[Index numbers, 2005=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2007

2008

2009

2008
IV

2009
I

II

III

IV

Gross domestic product .................................................................
104.872
105.331
102.772
103.984
102.271
102.082
102.648
104.088
Personal consumption expenditures............................................................
105.612
105.351
104.744
104.267
104.425
104.196
104.917
105.437
Goods ...........................................................................................................
106.499
104.296
102.270
101.186
101.817
101.023
102.789
103.451
Durable goods...........................................................................................
108.543
103.692
99.548
97.401
98.345
96.947
101.561
101.337
Nondurable goods.....................................................................................
105.405
104.513
103.497
102.929
103.405
102.911
103.295
104.376
Services ........................................................................................................
105.147
105.883
106.012
105.837
105.761
105.809
106.014
106.464
Gross private domestic investment ..............................................................
98.801
91.585
70.104
85.519
71.746
67.059
67.874
73.738
Fixed investment ...........................................................................................
100.189
95.106
77.590
89.964
79.514
76.895
76.647
77.304
Nonresidential ...........................................................................................
114.617
116.502
95.681
111.040
98.061
95.623
94.183
94.858
Structures ..............................................................................................
125.495
138.392
111.171
137.603
119.243
113.716
108.074
103.650
Equipment and software........................................................................
110.184
107.332
89.181
99.808
89.143
88.036
88.370
91.174
Residential ................................................................................................
75.490
58.213
46.341
53.549
47.478
44.436
46.403
47.046
Change in private inventories........................................................................ .................. .................. .................. ................... .................. .................. ................... ...................
Exports of goods and services .....................................................................
118.472
124.842
112.532
120.149
109.922
108.766
113.315
118.127
Imports of goods and services .....................................................................
108.188
104.721
89.874
100.547
89.804
86.292
90.554
92.846
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment................
103.090
106.252
108.293
107.346
106.639
108.386
109.097
109.051
Federal..........................................................................................................
103.434
111.362
117.158
114.946
113.693
116.801
119.057
119.080
State and local ..............................................................................................
102.886
103.355
103.293
103.061
102.660
103.640
103.479
103.394
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product ....................................................................
105.131
105.980
104.185
104.806
103.713
103.888
104.280
104.860
Gross domestic purchases ...........................................................................
104.046
103.294
99.811
101.818
99.566
98.988
99.721
100.967
Final sales to domestic purchasers...............................................................
104.288
103.896
101.130
102.583
100.913
100.678
101.247
101.683
Gross national product..................................................................................
104.925
105.552 ..................
103.965
102.219
101.973
102.737 ...................
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 6. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product
[Index numbers, 2005=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2007

2008

2009

2008
IV

2009
I

II

III

IV

Gross domestic product .................................................................
106.221
108.481
109.754
109.155
109.661
109.656
109.763
109.934
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) .................................................
105.502
109.031
109.252
108.855
108.449
108.814
109.510
110.235
Goods ...........................................................................................................
102.789
106.150
103.632
103.784
102.186
102.864
104.216
105.264
Durable goods...........................................................................................
96.714
95.537
94.021
94.743
94.326
94.407
93.660
93.693
Nondurable goods.....................................................................................
106.250
112.188
109.134
108.971
106.739
107.736
110.227
111.834
Services ........................................................................................................
106.964
110.582
112.221
111.542
111.749
111.954
112.312
112.869
Gross private domestic investment ..............................................................
106.677
107.355
106.458
108.738
108.245
107.019
105.465
105.102
Fixed investment ...........................................................................................
106.718
107.551
106.114
108.217
107.668
106.463
105.265
105.062
Nonresidential ...........................................................................................
106.209
107.897
107.510
109.498
109.154
107.993
106.656
106.238
Structures ..............................................................................................
121.275
125.207
122.759
128.238
127.092
123.706
120.451
119.786
Equipment and software........................................................................
100.715
101.455
102.010
102.415
102.450
102.304
101.802
101.485
Residential ................................................................................................
107.513
105.779
100.687
103.198
101.915
100.554
99.863
100.417
Change in private inventories........................................................................ .................. .................. .................. .................. ................... ................... .................. ..................
Exports of goods and services .....................................................................
107.103
112.389
106.243
108.871
105.265
105.284
106.473
107.952
Imports of goods and services .....................................................................
108.017
119.559
107.022
112.730
103.746
104.821
107.688
111.830
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment................
109.552
114.502
114.298
114.233
113.924
114.051
114.312
114.905
Federal..........................................................................................................
107.754
110.938
111.516
110.628
111.084
111.214
111.601
112.164
State and local ..............................................................................................
110.615
116.642
115.923
116.396
115.587
115.713
115.889
116.501
Addenda:
1
PCE excluding food and energy .................................................................
104.699
107.207
108.828
107.866
108.173
108.712
109.027
109.400
Market-based PCE 2 .....................................................................................
105.334
108.954
109.309
108.781
108.452
108.848
109.606
110.329
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 2 ..........................................
104.368
106.811
108.826
107.616
108.133
108.737
109.060
109.372
Final sales of domestic product ....................................................................
106.226
108.507
109.666
109.078
109.566
109.550
109.681
109.868
Gross domestic purchases ...........................................................................
106.408
109.765
109.823
109.790
109.395
109.533
109.895
110.470
Final sales to domestic purchasers...............................................................
106.412
109.792
109.743
109.718
109.311
109.437
109.819
110.406
Gross national product..................................................................................
106.223
108.484 ..................
109.149
109.647
109.648
109.760 ..................
Implicit price deflators:
Gross domestic product ............................................................................
106.214
108.483
109.777
109.172
109.691
109.686
109.783
109.946
Final sales of domestic product.................................................................
106.226
108.507
109.672
109.083
109.571
109.555
109.686
109.872
Gross domestic purchases........................................................................
106.400
109.767
109.845
109.805
109.422
109.560
109.911
110.479
Final sales to domestic purchasers...........................................................
106.412
109.792
109.748
109.721
109.314
109.440
109.822
110.408
Gross national product ..............................................................................
106.215
108.486 ..................
109.167
109.678
109.679
109.780 ..................
1. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.
2. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, financial
services furnished without payment) and the final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households. Percentage changes for these series are included in the
addenda to table 8 and appendix table A.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 7. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Preceding Year
1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

Gross domestic product (GDP) ..............................................
4.1
2.5
3.7
4.5
4.4
4.8
4.1
1.1
1.8
2.5
3.6
3.1
2.7
2.1
0.4
–2.4
Personal consumption expenditures ................................................
3.8
2.7
3.5
3.7
5.2
5.5
5.1
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.5
3.4
2.9
2.6
–0.2
–0.6
Goods................................................................................................
5.3
3.0
4.5
4.8
6.8
8.0
5.3
3.1
4.1
4.6
4.4
4.0
3.3
3.1
–2.1
–1.9
Durable goods ...............................................................................
8.0
3.9
7.5
8.2
12.2
13.0
8.8
5.4
7.6
6.0
6.6
5.2
4.1
4.3
–4.5
–4.0
Nondurable goods .........................................................................
3.9
2.5
2.9
2.9
3.8
5.1
3.2
1.8
2.0
3.7
3.2
3.4
2.8
2.5
–0.8
–1.0
Services.............................................................................................
3.0
2.5
2.9
3.1
4.4
4.1
5.0
2.5
1.9
1.9
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.4
0.7
0.1
Gross private domestic investment...................................................
13.6
3.1
8.8
12.4
10.0
8.8
6.8
–7.0
–1.4
3.6
10.0
5.5
2.7
–3.8
–7.3 –23.5
Fixed investment................................................................................
9.4
6.4
9.0
9.2
10.9
9.3
7.4
–1.9
–4.2
3.2
7.3
6.5
2.3
–2.1
–5.1 –18.4
Nonresidential................................................................................
9.2
10.5
9.3
12.1
12.0
10.4
9.8
–2.8
–7.9
0.9
6.0
6.7
7.9
6.2
1.6 –17.9
Structures...................................................................................
1.8
6.4
5.7
7.3
5.1
0.1
7.8
–1.5 –17.7
–3.8
1.1
1.4
9.2
14.9
10.3 –19.7
Equipment and software ............................................................
11.9
12.0
10.6
13.8
14.5
14.1
10.5
–3.2
–4.2
2.5
7.7
8.5
7.4
2.6
–2.6 –16.9
Residential .....................................................................................
9.7
–3.3
8.0
1.9
7.7
6.3
1.0
0.6
5.2
8.2
9.8
6.2
–7.3 –18.5 –22.9 –20.4
Change in private inventories ............................................................ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ...........
Net exports of goods and services ................................................... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ...........
Exports ..............................................................................................
8.7
10.1
8.3
11.9
2.3
4.4
8.6
–5.6
–2.0
1.6
9.5
6.7
9.0
8.7
5.4
–9.9
Goods ............................................................................................
9.7
11.7
8.8
14.4
2.2
3.8
11.1
–6.2
–3.6
1.8
8.5
7.5
9.4
7.4
5.9 –12.5
Services.........................................................................................
6.4
6.3
7.0
5.9
2.4
5.7
2.7
–4.1
1.9
1.2
11.9
5.0
7.9
11.8
4.2
–4.2
Imports ..............................................................................................
11.9
8.0
8.7
13.5
11.7
11.5
13.0
–2.8
3.4
4.4
11.0
6.1
6.1
2.0
–3.2 –14.2
Goods ............................................................................................
13.4
9.0
9.4
14.4
11.8
12.5
13.4
–3.2
3.7
4.9
11.0
6.8
5.9
1.7
–3.9 –16.3
Services.........................................................................................
5.3
3.0
5.2
8.7
10.9
6.8
11.0
–0.8
1.8
1.9
11.2
2.8
7.1
3.5
0.7
–3.8
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....
0.0
0.6
1.0
1.9
2.1
3.6
2.0
3.8
4.7
2.2
1.4
0.3
1.4
1.7
3.1
1.9
Federal ..............................................................................................
–3.8
–2.7
–1.2
–1.0
–1.1
1.9
0.5
4.1
7.3
6.6
4.1
1.3
2.1
1.3
7.7
5.2
National defense............................................................................
–4.9
–3.7
–1.3
–2.8
–2.1
1.9
–0.5
3.8
7.4
8.7
5.7
1.5
1.6
2.2
7.8
5.4
Nondefense ...................................................................................
–1.4
–0.4
–0.8
2.7
0.8
2.1
2.4
4.6
7.2
2.8
1.0
0.9
3.2
–0.6
7.3
4.7
State and local...................................................................................
2.6
2.7
2.3
3.6
3.9
4.5
2.8
3.7
3.3
–0.1
–0.2
–0.2
0.9
2.0
0.5
–0.1
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.........................................................
3.5
3.0
3.7
3.9
4.4
4.9
4.2
2.0
1.3
2.4
3.2
3.2
2.6
2.5
0.8
–1.7
Gross domestic purchases................................................................
4.5
2.4
3.8
4.7
5.5
5.7
4.8
1.2
2.4
2.8
4.0
3.2
2.6
1.4
–0.7
–3.4
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................
3.8
2.8
3.8
4.2
5.6
5.8
4.9
2.1
1.9
2.8
3.6
3.3
2.5
1.7
–0.4
–2.7
Gross national product ......................................................................
3.9
2.6
3.7
4.3
4.3
4.9
4.2
1.2
1.8
2.6
3.7
3.1
2.4
2.4
0.6 ...........
Real disposable personal income......................................................
3.2
3.0
3.3
3.5
6.0
3.0
5.1
2.4
3.3
2.5
3.4
1.3
4.0
2.2
0.5
1.3
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases ............................................................
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.5
0.7
1.6
2.5
1.9
1.4
2.3
3.0
3.7
3.4
2.9
3.2
0.1
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy 1 ...............
2.2
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.8
1.7
2.0
2.7
3.3
3.2
2.7
2.6
0.8
GDP ...............................................................................................
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.1
1.5
2.2
2.3
1.6
2.2
2.8
3.3
3.3
2.9
2.1
1.2
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.2
1.6
2.2
2.0
1.8
2.1
2.8
3.5
3.3
2.8
2.3
0.8
GDP excluding food and energy 1..................................................
Personal consumption expenditures..............................................
2.1
2.2
2.2
1.9
1.0
1.6
2.5
1.9
1.4
2.0
2.6
3.0
2.7
2.7
3.3
0.2
1. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.

Table 8. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Quarter One Year Ago
2006
I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

III

IV

Gross domestic product (GDP) ..............................................
3.0
3.0
2.2
2.4
1.4
1.9
2.7
2.5
2.0
1.6
0.0
–1.9
–3.3
–3.8
–2.6
0.1
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)......................................
3.1
2.6
2.5
3.3
3.1
2.8
2.7
2.0
0.9
0.6
–0.7
–1.8
–1.5
–1.7
–0.2
1.1
Goods................................................................................................
3.7
2.5
2.5
4.3
3.4
3.3
3.3
2.6
0.3
0.1
–2.7
–5.9
–4.1
–4.7
–1.1
2.2
Durable goods ...............................................................................
5.4
2.3
2.3
6.3
3.6
4.4
4.6
4.6
0.8
–1.2
–5.4 –11.8
–8.9
–8.8
–1.5
4.0
Nondurable goods .........................................................................
2.8
2.6
2.7
3.2
3.3
2.7
2.6
1.5
0.0
0.7
–1.2
–2.9
–1.7
–2.7
–0.9
1.4
Services.............................................................................................
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.4
1.7
1.3
0.9
0.3
0.3
–0.2
–0.2
0.3
0.6
Gross private domestic investment...................................................
4.4
6.1
3.5
–3.0
–5.8
–4.4
–2.8
–2.0
–2.3
–6.3
–8.1 –12.5 –25.2 –28.1 –25.9 –13.8
Fixed investment................................................................................
5.8
3.5
0.9
–0.8
–3.7
–2.4
–1.2
–0.9
–1.9
–3.4
–5.4
–9.6 –18.8 –21.0 –19.5 –14.1
Nonresidential................................................................................
7.8
8.2
7.8
7.8
4.5
5.5
6.8
7.9
7.3
4.8
0.9
–6.0 –17.4 –19.7 –19.6 –14.6
Structures...................................................................................
2.5
8.2
13.2
13.0
12.2
12.3
16.2
18.9
16.5
14.5
7.9
3.2 –12.0 –18.9 –22.9 –24.7
Equipment and software ............................................................
9.8
8.1
5.9
6.0
1.6
2.7
2.7
3.2
3.1
0.2
–2.7 –10.7 –20.2 –20.2 –17.9
–8.7
Residential .....................................................................................
2.3
–4.5 –11.0 –15.7 –18.5 –17.5 –17.8 –20.5 –23.5 –24.2 –22.6 –21.0 –23.9 –25.6 –18.9 –12.1
Change in private inventories ............................................................ ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ...........
Net exports of goods and services ................................................... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ...........
Exports ..............................................................................................
8.8
8.3
8.5
10.2
7.0
6.6
11.0
10.2
9.3
11.0
5.4
–3.4 –11.6 –15.0 –10.7
–1.7
Goods ............................................................................................
10.4
8.8
9.1
9.4
5.8
5.5
9.2
9.0
9.3
11.3
7.0
–3.4 –14.8 –18.9 –13.9
–1.4
Services.........................................................................................
5.4
7.3
6.9
12.0
9.7
9.0
15.3
13.0
9.1
10.4
1.9
–3.5
–4.8
–6.5
–3.3
–2.2
Imports ..............................................................................................
6.5
6.6
7.2
4.1
3.3
2.0
1.7
0.9
–0.8
–1.9
–3.3
–6.8 –16.2 –18.5 –14.0
–7.7
Goods ............................................................................................
6.4
6.5
7.2
3.6
3.3
1.8
1.1
0.7
–1.4
–2.3
–3.9
–8.1 –18.8 –21.4 –16.1
–8.4
Services.........................................................................................
7.2
7.0
7.0
7.1
3.3
3.4
5.2
2.0
2.6
0.2
–0.4
0.2
–3.6
–3.7
–3.5
–4.5
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....
1.6
1.6
0.8
1.5
0.5
1.5
2.3
2.5
3.1
2.9
3.2
3.0
1.7
2.5
1.9
1.6
Federal ..............................................................................................
3.6
2.6
0.2
2.2
–2.0
0.7
3.0
3.4
6.9
7.0
7.9
8.9
5.6
6.5
5.2
3.6
National defense............................................................................
2.1
1.6
–1.6
4.4
–0.2
1.7
4.6
2.6
6.7
6.3
8.6
9.5
6.0
7.7
5.0
3.1
Nondefense ...................................................................................
6.8
4.8
3.9
–2.3
–5.5
–1.4
–0.2
5.2
7.1
8.3
6.3
7.5
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.6
State and local...................................................................................
0.4
0.9
1.2
1.2
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.0
0.7
0.5
–0.3
–0.6
0.1
–0.1
0.3
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.........................................................
3.3
2.5
1.8
2.8
1.8
2.2
3.0
2.7
2.1
2.1
0.5
–1.4
–2.3
–2.8
–1.7
0.1
Gross domestic purchases................................................................
3.0
3.0
2.4
1.9
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.4
0.8
0.0
–1.2
–2.5
–4.4
–4.8
–3.4
–0.8
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................
3.2
2.6
2.0
2.3
1.5
1.8
2.0
1.6
0.9
0.4
–0.7
–2.1
–3.5
–3.7
–2.5
–0.9
Gross national product ......................................................................
2.8
2.8
1.8
2.4
1.3
1.8
3.3
3.3
2.8
1.9
0.1
–2.4
–3.8
–4.0
–2.9 ...........
Real disposable personal income......................................................
3.7
3.9
3.8
4.6
3.1
2.3
2.3
1.0
0.0
2.2
–0.5
0.3
1.0
0.2
2.1
1.8
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases ............................................................
3.8
3.9
3.4
2.6
2.9
2.8
2.6
3.5
3.3
3.5
4.0
1.9
0.7
–0.2
–0.9
0.6
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy 1 ...............
3.2
3.4
3.2
2.9
3.0
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.5
2.8
2.9
2.0
1.4
0.8
0.2
0.6
GDP ...............................................................................................
3.3
3.6
3.3
2.9
3.2
3.0
2.6
2.7
2.1
1.9
2.5
1.9
1.9
1.5
0.6
0.7
1
GDP excluding food and energy ..................................................
3.4
3.6
3.3
3.0
3.1
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.4
2.4
2.7
1.7
1.2
0.8
0.2
0.7
PCE ...............................................................................................
3.1
3.2
2.8
1.9
2.4
2.4
2.3
3.6
3.6
3.8
4.3
1.7
0.4
–0.2
–0.7
1.3
PCE excluding food and energy 1 ..................................................
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.4
3.1
3.3
2.9
1.8
2.2
2.3
2.0
3.5
3.6
3.7
4.6
1.9
0.6
–0.1
–0.6
1.4
Market-based PCE 2 ......................................................................
2
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy ...........................
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.2
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.7
1.6
1. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.
2. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, financial services furnished without
payment) and the final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households.

Table 9. Relation of Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product, and National Income
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2007

2008

2009

2008
IV

Gross domestic product ...........................................................................................
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world..........................................................
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world ..........................................................
Equals: Gross national product ...............................................................................
Less: Consumption of fixed capital ..............................................................................
Less: Statistical discrepancy........................................................................................
Equals: National income...........................................................................................
Compensation of employees....................................................................................
Wage and salary accruals....................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries ....................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment .............................
Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments....
Net interest and miscellaneous payments ...............................................................
Taxes on production and imports less subsidies......................................................
Business current transfer payments (net) ................................................................
Current surplus of government enterprises .............................................................
Addendum:
Gross domestic income ...........................................................................................

2009
I

II

III

IV

14,077.6
861.8
746.0
14,193.3
1,760.0
–14.8
12,448.2
7,856.5
6,402.6
1,453.8
1,096.4
144.9
1,541.7
739.2
974.0
102.2
–6.6

14,441.4
809.2
667.3
14,583.3
1,847.1
101.0
12,635.2
8,037.4
6,540.8
1,496.6
1,106.3
210.4
1,360.4
815.1
993.8
118.8
–6.9

14,258.7
.................
.................
.................
1,863.7
.................
.................
7,841.3
6,335.6
1,505.7
1,042.3
268.3
.................
786.2
964.3
134.0
–8.1

14,347.3
714.4
607.4
14,454.3
1,881.0
139.4
12,433.9
8,030.3
6,523.5
1,506.8
1,083.6
236.7
1,123.6
854.7
982.1
131.8
–8.9

14,178.0
579.6
479.7
14,277.9
1,883.6
185.4
12,208.9
7,825.8
6,327.8
1,498.0
1,037.8
245.9
1,182.7
826.2
963.2
137.9
–10.7

14,151.2
571.3
478.6
14,243.8
1,864.0
161.7
12,218.1
7,815.9
6,313.1
1,502.8
1,028.0
262.0
1,226.5
784.4
964.6
145.4
–8.8

14,242.1
590.6
469.1
14,363.7
1,850.7
163.2
12,349.7
7,841.5
6,333.2
1,508.3
1,037.9
277.9
1,358.9
759.7
955.4
124.8
–6.3

14,463.4
.................
.................
.................
1,856.4
.................
.................
7,882.1
6,368.2
1,513.8
1,065.5
287.4
.................
774.7
973.8
128.1
–6.6

14,092.5

14,340.4 .................

14,207.9

13,992.5

13,989.5

14,078.9 .................

Table 10. Personal Income and Its Disposition
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2007

2008

2009

2008
IV

Personal income 1 .....................................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ....................................................................
Wage and salary disbursements..........................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries ....................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments
Farm.....................................................................................................................
Nonfarm ...............................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment .............................
Personal income receipts on assets ........................................................................
Personal interest income......................................................................................
Personal dividend income ....................................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts ............................................................................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance, domestic ..............................
Less: Personal current taxes .......................................................................................
Equals: Disposable personal income ......................................................................
Less: Personal outlays.................................................................................................
Equals: Personal saving ...........................................................................................
Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income ...........................
Addenda:
Personal income excluding current transfer receipts, billions of chained (2005)
dollars 2 ...................................................................................................................
Disposable personal income, billions of chained (2005) dollars 2 ............................

2009
I

II

III

IV

11,894.1
7,862.7
6,408.9
1,453.8
1,096.4
39.4
1,056.9
144.9
2,031.5
1,266.4
765.1
1,718.0
959.3
1,490.9
10,403.1
10,224.3
178.9
1.7

12,238.8
8,042.4
6,545.9
1,496.6
1,106.3
48.7
1,057.5
210.4
1,994.4
1,308.0
686.4
1,875.9
990.6
1,432.4
10,806.4
10,520.0
286.4
2.7

12,072.1
7,836.3
6,330.6
1,505.7
1,042.3
29.9
1,012.4
268.3
1,791.5
1,236.9
554.6
2,106.9
973.2
1,107.6
10,964.5
10,461.8
502.7
4.6

12,233.5
8,050.3
6,543.5
1,506.8
1,083.6
39.0
1,044.5
236.7
1,958.1
1,292.9
665.2
1,898.0
993.3
1,434.3
10,799.1
10,389.9
409.2
3.8

11,952.7
7,805.8
6,307.8
1,498.0
1,037.8
27.3
1,010.5
245.9
1,845.5
1,243.4
602.1
1,987.3
969.7
1,187.3
10,765.4
10,362.3
403.1
3.7

12,048.8
7,815.9
6,313.1
1,502.8
1,028.0
28.9
999.1
262.0
1,773.4
1,241.1
532.3
2,140.3
970.9
1,082.6
10,966.2
10,370.5
595.7
5.4

12,083.9
7,841.5
6,333.2
1,508.3
1,037.9
25.8
1,012.0
277.9
1,763.1
1,234.9
528.2
2,137.5
974.0
1,086.1
10,997.8
10,502.8
495.0
4.5

12,203.1
7,882.1
6,368.2
1,513.8
1,065.5
37.4
1,028.1
287.4
1,784.0
1,228.2
555.8
2,162.5
978.4
1,074.4
11,128.6
10,611.8
516.9
4.6

9,645.4
9,860.6

9,504.6
9,911.3

9,120.7
10,035.3

9,494.4
9,920.4

9,188.7
9,926.4

9,105.5
10,077.5

9,082.3
10,042.3

9,108.1
10,095.1

1. Personal income is also equal to national income less corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, taxes on production and imports less subsidies,
contributions for government social insurance, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments (net), current surplus of government enterprises, and wage
accruals less disbursements, plus personal income receipts on assets, and personal current transfer receipts.
2. The current-dollar measure is deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.

Appendix Table A. Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Aggregates and Price Indexes: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2007

2008

2009

2006
I

Gross domestic product (GDP) and related aggregates:
GDP.................................................................................
Goods..............................................................................
Services...........................................................................
Structures ........................................................................
Motor vehicle output ........................................................
GDP excluding motor vehicle output ...............................
Final sales of computers 1 ...............................................
GDP excluding final sales of computers..........................
Farm gross value added 2 ...............................................
Nonfarm business gross value added 3 ...........................
Price indexes:
GDP.................................................................................
GDP excluding food and energy 4 ...................................
GDP excluding final sales of computers..........................
Gross domestic purchases..............................................
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy 4
Gross domestic purchases excluding final sales of
computers to domestic purchasers..............................
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE).....................
PCE excluding food and energy 4 ....................................
Market-based PCE 5........................................................
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 5 .............

2.1
0.4 –2.4
5.4
3.7
0.4 –5.0 11.8
2.6
1.5
0.5
3.4
–4.4 –5.9 –14.8
0.9
–1.3 –18.4 –24.2 14.4
2.2
1.0 –1.9
5.1
22.1 21.3
0.6 33.3
2.0
0.3 –2.4
5.2
–7.6 12.9
7.7 –26.6
2.3 –0.1 –3.6
6.8

II

2007
III

IV

1.4
0.1
3.0
1.8
0.0
7.2
2.0
2.0
3.6
–2.5 –9.8 –10.5
–7.6
4.0 –10.2
1.8
0.0
3.4
19.1 12.5 22.4
1.3
0.0
2.8
71.6 –26.2 –13.2
1.0 –0.1
4.2

I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

1.2
3.2
3.6
2.1 –0.7
1.5
–0.8
6.2
7.2
7.6 –1.8
1.5
2.7
2.1
3.1
1.8
1.5
1.5
–2.2
2.3 –2.1 –9.4 –10.7
1.3
–0.8
6.2
3.5 –10.3 –21.6 –36.2
1.3
3.1
3.6
2.5 –0.1
2.6
3.1 28.4 60.9 33.7
9.8 29.1
1.2
3.1
3.3
2.0 –0.8
1.3
–6.4 –14.5 –15.0 34.6 40.7 –15.8
0.9
3.7
3.9
1.8 –1.7
1.3

2009
III

IV

I

–2.7 –5.4 –6.4
–7.0 –16.4 –8.7
–0.4
0.7 –0.9
–5.5 –12.9 –34.0
–6.6 –50.5 –64.5
–2.6 –4.1 –4.9
–3.6
2.9 11.2
–2.7 –5.4 –6.5
24.4 27.9 –3.3
–4.0 –7.6 –8.8

II

III

–0.7
2.2
–3.2
6.3
1.5
1.1
–9.7 –0.8
13.3 131.8
–0.9
0.8
–7.3 –13.9
–0.7
2.3
4.0
9.2
–1.1
2.2

IV
5.7
20.9
1.7
–6.2
35.3
5.2
–6.4
5.8
4.5
7.2

2.9
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.7

2.1
2.3
2.2
3.2
2.6

1.2
0.8
1.3
0.1
0.8

3.0
3.2
3.1
2.8
3.1

3.6
3.6
3.8
3.6
3.5

3.1
2.5
3.2
2.9
2.5

1.8
2.4
1.9
1.0
2.4

4.2
3.8
4.3
4.2
3.6

2.7
2.2
2.8
3.1
2.2

1.6
1.9
1.8
2.2
2.1

2.3
3.2
2.5
4.6
3.3

1.9
2.4
2.0
3.4
2.7

1.8
2.2
2.0
3.9
3.0

4.0
2.9
4.1
4.3
2.9

0.1
–0.8
0.2
–3.8
–0.6

1.9
0.5
1.9
–1.4
0.2

0.0
0.8
0.1
0.5
0.8

0.4
0.5
0.5
1.3
0.3

0.6
1.2
0.6
2.1
1.2

3.1
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.1

3.3
3.3
2.4
3.4
2.3

0.2
0.2
1.5
0.3
1.9

3.0
1.7
2.0
1.8
2.1

3.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.9

3.0
3.0
2.3
3.1
2.3

1.1
–0.1
2.1
–0.7
1.6

4.3
3.7
2.8
3.6
2.5

3.2
3.2
1.8
3.3
1.6

2.3
2.3
2.3
1.8
1.6

4.7
5.1
3.1
5.2
2.8

3.5
3.7
2.4
4.0
2.6

4.0
3.9
2.4
4.0
2.3

4.4
4.7
2.6
5.1
2.7

–3.8
–5.0
0.8
–5.3
1.5

–1.4
–1.5
1.1
–1.2
1.9

0.6
1.4
2.0
1.5
2.3

1.5
2.6
1.2
2.8
1.2

2.2
2.7
1.4
2.7
1.1

1. For some components of final sales of computers, includes computer parts.
2. Farm output less intermediate goods and services purchased.
3. Consists of GDP less gross value added of farm, of households and institutions, and of general government.
4. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.
5. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, financial services furnished without
payment) and the final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Explanatory Note: NIPA Measures of Quantities and Prices
Current-dollar GDP is a measure of the market value of goods, services, and structures produced
in the economy in a particular period. Changes in current-dollar GDP can be decomposed into quantity
and price components. Quantities, or “real” measures, and prices are expressed as index numbers with the
reference year -- at present, the year 2005 -- equal to 100.
Annual changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher formula that incorporates
weights from two adjacent years. (Quarterly changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher
formula that incorporates weights from two adjacent quarters; quarterly indexes are adjusted for
consistency to the annual indexes before percent changes are calculated.) For example, the 2007-08
annual percent change in real GDP uses prices for 2007 and 2008 as weights, and the 2007-08 annual
percent change in GDP prices uses quantities for 2007 and 2008 as weights. These annual changes are
“chained” (multiplied) together to form time series of quantity and price indexes. Percent changes in
Fisher indexes are not affected by the choice of reference year. (BEA also publishes a measure of the
price level known as the implicit price deflator (IPD), which is calculated as the ratio of the current-dollar
value to the corresponding chained-dollar value, multiplied by 100. The values of the IPD are very close
to the values of the corresponding "chain-type" price index.)
Index numbers of quantity and price indexes for GDP and its major components are presented in
this release in tables 5 and 6. Percent changes from the preceding period are presented in tables 1, 4, 7, 8,
and appendix table A. Contributions by major components to the percent change in real GDP are
presented in table 2.
Measures of real GDP and its major components are also presented in dollar-denominated form,
designated "chained (2005) dollar estimates." For most series, these estimates, which are presented in
table 3, are computed by multiplying the current-dollar value in 2005 by a corresponding quantity index
number and then dividing by 100. For example, if a current-dollar GDP component equaled $100 in 2005
and if real output for this component increased 10 percent in 2006, then the chained (2005) dollar value of
this component in 2006 would be $110 (= $100 x 110 / 100). Percent changes calculated from
chained-dollar estimates and from chain-type quantity indexes are the same; any differences will be small
and due to rounding.
Chained-dollar values for the detailed GDP components will not necessarily sum to the chained-dollar
estimate of GDP (or to any intermediate aggregate). This is because the relative prices used as weights
for any period other than the reference year differ from those of the reference year. A measure of the
extent of such differences is provided by a “residual” line, which indicates the difference between GDP
(or other major aggregate) and the sum of the most detailed components in the table. For periods close to
the reference year, when there usually has not been much change in the relative prices that are used as
weights, the residuals tend to be small, and the chained-dollar estimates can be used to approximate the
contributions to growth and to aggregate the detailed estimates. For periods further from the reference
year, the residuals tend to be larger, and the chained-dollar estimates are less useful for analyses of
contributions to growth. Thus, the contributions to percent change shown in table 2 provide a better
measure of the composition of GDP growth. In particular, for components for which relative prices are
changing rapidly, calculation of contributions using chained-dollar estimates may be misleading even just
a few years from the reference year.
Reference: “Chained-Dollar Indexes: Issues, Tips on Their Use, and Upcoming Changes,” November
2003 Survey, pp. 8-16.