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NEWS RELEASE
EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EST, FEBRUARY 25, 2011
BEA 11-07
Lisa Mataloni:
Recorded message:

(202) 606-5304 (GDP)
(202) 606-5306

gdpniwd@bea.gov

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: FOURTH QUARTER AND ANNUAL 2010
(SECOND ESTIMATE)
Real gross domestic product -- the output of goods and services produced by labor and property
located in the United States -- increased at an annual rate of 2.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2010,
(that is, from the third quarter to the fourth quarter), according to the "second" estimate released by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the third quarter, real GDP increased 2.6 percent.
The GDP estimates released today are based on more complete source data than were available
for the "advance" estimate issued last month. In the advance estimate, the increase in real GDP was 3.2
percent (see "Revisions" on page 3).
The increase in real GDP in the fourth quarter primarily reflected positive contributions from
personal consumption expenditures (PCE), exports, and nonresidential fixed investment that were partly
offset by negative contributions from private inventory investment and state and local government
spending. Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, decreased.
The small fourth-quarter acceleration in real GDP primarily reflected a sharp downturn in
imports, an acceleration in PCE, an upturn in residential fixed investment, and an acceleration in exports
that were mostly offset by downturns in private inventory investment and in federal government
spending, a deceleration in nonresidential fixed investment, and a downturn in state and local
government spending.
Final sales of computers added 0.30 percentage point to the fourth-quarter change in real GDP
after adding 0.29 percentage point to the third-quarter change. Motor vehicle output subtracted 0.31
percentage point from the fourth-quarter change in real GDP after adding 0.49 percentage point to the
third-quarter change.
NOTE.--Quarterly estimates are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual rates, unless otherwise
specified. Quarter-to-quarter dollar changes are differences between these published estimates. Percent
changes are calculated from unrounded data and are annualized. “Real” estimates are in chained (2005)
dollars. Price indexes are chain-type measures.
This news release is available on BEA’s Web site along with the Technical Note and Highlights
related to this release.

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-2-

The price index for gross domestic purchases, which measures prices paid by U.S. residents,
increased 2.1 percent in the fourth quarter, the same increase as in the advance estimate; this index
increased 0.7 percent in the third quarter. Excluding food and energy prices, the price index for gross
domestic purchases increased 1.2 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 0.4 percent
in the third.
Real personal consumption expenditures increased 4.1 percent in the fourth quarter, compared
with an increase of 2.4 percent in the third. Durable goods increased 21.0 percent, compared with an
increase of 7.6 percent. Nondurable goods increased 4.8 percent, compared with an increase of 2.5
percent. Services increased 1.4 percent, compared with an increase of 1.6 percent.
Real nonresidential fixed investment increased 5.3 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with
an increase of 10.0 percent in the third. Nonresidential structures increased 4.5 percent, in contrast to a
decrease of 3.5 percent. Equipment and software increased 5.5 percent, compared with an increase of
15.4 percent. Real residential fixed investment increased 2.8 percent, in contrast to a decrease of 27.3
percent.
Real exports of goods and services increased 9.6 percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an
increase of 6.8 percent in the third. Real imports of goods and services decreased 12.4 percent, in
contrast to an increase of 16.8 percent.
Real federal government consumption expenditures and gross investment decreased 0.2 percent
in the fourth quarter, in contrast to an increase of 8.8 percent in the third. National defense decreased
2.1 percent, in contrast to an increase of 8.5 percent. Nondefense increased 3.7 percent, compared with
an increase of 9.5 percent. Real state and local government consumption expenditures and gross
investment decreased 2.4 percent, in contrast to an increase of 0.7 percent.
The change in real private inventories subtracted 3.70 percentage points from the fourth-quarter
change in real GDP, after adding 1.61 percentage points to the third-quarter change. Private businesses
increased inventories $7.1 billion in the fourth quarter, following increases of $121.4 billion in the third
quarter and $68.8 billion in the second.
Real final sales of domestic product -- GDP less change in private inventories -- increased 6.7
percent in the fourth quarter, compared with an increase of 0.9 percent in the third.

Gross domestic purchases
Real gross domestic purchases -- purchases by U.S. residents of goods and services wherever
produced -- decreased 0.6 percent in the fourth quarter, in contrast to an increase of 4.2 percent in the
third.

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Current-dollar GDP
Current-dollar GDP -- the market value of the nation's output of goods and services -- increased
3.2 percent, or $115.9 billion, in the fourth quarter to a level of $14,861.0 billion. In the third quarter,
current-dollar GDP increased 4.6 percent, or $166.4 billion.

Revisions
The downward revision to the percent change in real GDP primarily reflected an upward revision
to imports and downward revisions to state and local government spending and to personal consumption
expenditures (PCE) that were partly offset by an upward revision to exports.
Second Estimate
Advance Estimate
(Percent change from preceding quarter)
Real GDP................................................
Current-dollar GDP................................
Gross domestic purchases price index...

3.2
3.4
2.1

2.8
3.2
2.1

2010 GDP
Real GDP increased 2.8 percent in 2010 (that is, from the 2009 annual level to the 2010 annual
level), in contrast to a decrease of 2.6 percent in 2009.
The increase in real GDP in 2010 primarily reflected positive contributions from private
inventory investment, exports, PCE, nonresidential fixed investment, and federal government spending.
Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, increased.
The upturn in real GDP primarily reflected upturns in exports, in nonresidential fixed
investment, in PCE, and in private inventory investment and a smaller decrease in residential fixed
investment that were partly offset by an upturn in imports.
The price index for gross domestic purchases increased 1.3 percent in 2010, in contrast to a
decrease of 0.2 percent in 2009.
Current-dollar GDP increased 3.8 percent, or $538.8 billion, in 2010. In contrast, current-dollar
GDP decreased 1.7 percent, or $250.1 billion, in 2009.
During 2010 (that is, measured from the fourth quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2010),
real GDP increased 2.7 percent. Real GDP increased 0.2 percent during 2009. The price index for gross
domestic purchases increased 1.2 percent during 2010, compared with an increase of 0.5 percent during
2009.

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-4-

BEA's national, international, regional, and industry estimates; the Survey of Current Business;
and BEA news releases are available without charge on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov. By visiting
the site, you can also subscribe to receive free e-mail summaries of BEA releases and announcements.

*

*

*

Next release – March 25, 2011, at 8:30 A.M. EDT for:
Gross Domestic Product: Fourth Quarter 2010 (Third)
Corporate Profits: Fourth Quarter 2010

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Table 1. Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010 r

2007
I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

2010
III

IV

I

II

III r

IV r

Gross domestic product (GDP) ...
0.0
–2.6
2.8
0.9
3.2
2.3
2.9
–0.7
0.6
–4.0
–6.8
–4.9
–0.7
1.6
5.0
3.7
1.7
2.6
2.8
Personal consumption expenditures .....
–0.3
–1.2
1.8
2.4
1.5
1.7
1.4
–0.8
0.1
–3.5
–3.3
–0.5
–1.6
2.0
0.9
1.9
2.2
2.4
4.1
Goods.....................................................
–2.5
–2.0
4.3
2.3
1.4
2.4
1.1
–5.8
0.3
–7.7 –10.8
1.8
–1.5
7.2
1.7
5.7
3.4
4.1
9.8
Durable goods ....................................
–5.2
–3.7
7.6
4.6
4.6
3.8
2.4 –10.8
–2.9 –12.0 –22.3
4.8
–3.1
20.1
–1.1
8.8
6.8
7.6
21.0
Nondurable goods ..............................
–1.1
–1.2
2.8
1.1
–0.2
1.7
0.5
–3.0
2.0
–5.5
–4.9
0.4
–0.7
1.7
3.1
4.2
1.9
2.5
4.8
Services..................................................
0.9
–0.8
0.5
2.4
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.9
0.0
–1.3
0.6
–1.6
–1.7
–0.5
0.5
0.1
1.6
1.6
1.4
Gross private domestic investment........
–9.5 –22.6
16.8
–3.6
9.5
–2.9
–9.4
–9.4
–7.6 –12.5 –36.8 –42.2 –18.5
11.8
26.7
29.1
26.2
15.0 –22.1
Fixed investment.....................................
–6.4 –18.3
3.8
–1.0
3.7
–1.2
–4.8
–6.2
–4.6 –11.9 –24.9 –35.4 –10.1
0.7
–1.3
3.3
18.9
1.5
4.8
Nonresidential.....................................
0.3 –17.1
5.6
6.8
11.1
9.4
5.7
2.0
–1.6
–8.6 –22.7 –35.2
–7.5
–1.7
–1.4
7.8
17.2
10.0
5.3
Structures........................................
5.9 –20.4 –13.8
10.7
28.0
24.3
7.4
–0.1
7.5
–3.6
–8.9 –41.0 –20.2 –12.4 –29.2 –17.8
–0.5
–3.5
4.5
Equipment and software .................
–2.4 –15.3
15.1
5.1
4.3
2.9
4.8
3.0
–6.0 –11.1 –29.5 –31.6
0.2
4.2
14.6
20.4
24.8
15.4
5.5
Residential .......................................... –24.0 –22.9
–3.0 –16.4 –12.0 –24.1 –29.3 –27.9 –14.0 –22.6 –32.6 –36.2 –19.7
10.6
–0.8 –12.3
25.7 –27.3
2.8
Change in private inventories ................. ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ...........
Net exports of goods and services ........ ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ...........
Exports ...................................................
6.0
–9.5
11.8
6.4
6.8
15.8
11.6
5.7
13.2
–5.0 –21.9 –27.8
–1.0
12.2
24.4
11.4
9.1
6.8
9.6
Goods .................................................
6.3 –12.0
14.7
12.9
7.6
12.8
9.9
9.6
14.5
–4.3 –26.6 –34.1
–3.7
18.7
31.7
14.0
11.5
5.8
11.7
Services..............................................
5.3
–3.9
5.8
–6.9
4.9
23.0
15.7
–2.8
10.2
–6.6
–9.8 –12.3
4.7
0.1
10.2
5.8
3.9
8.9
5.0
Imports ...................................................
–2.6 –13.8
12.7
4.6
4.6
5.0 –10.6
–1.4
2.9
–0.1 –22.9 –35.3 –10.6
21.9
4.9
11.2
33.5
16.8 –12.4
Goods .................................................
–3.5 –15.8
14.8
6.8
4.8
5.1 –11.8
–3.3
4.6
–1.0 –28.3 –38.9 –10.6
27.4
6.2
12.0
40.5
17.4 –14.1
Services..............................................
2.4
–4.2
3.5
–6.3
3.6
4.4
–4.0
9.4
–6.0
5.0
11.7 –16.8 –10.9
1.5
–0.5
7.8
4.3
14.2
–3.7
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment...........................
2.8
1.6
1.0
–0.5
3.4
3.5
1.2
2.3
3.3
5.3
1.5
–3.0
6.1
1.6
–1.4
–1.6
3.9
3.9
–1.5
Federal ...................................................
7.3
5.7
4.8
–4.8
7.1
9.6
1.1
6.9
7.8
14.2
8.1
–5.0
14.9
5.7
0.0
1.8
9.1
8.8
–0.2
National defense.................................
7.5
5.4
3.9
–7.2
8.3
10.2
0.0
6.8
6.9
19.7
5.2
–8.4
16.8
9.0
–2.5
0.4
7.4
8.5
–2.1
Nondefense ........................................
6.7
6.5
6.6
0.5
4.7
8.2
3.4
6.9
9.6
3.0
14.8
2.6
10.9
–0.9
5.6
5.0
12.8
9.5
3.7
State and local........................................
0.3
–0.9
–1.4
2.1
1.3
0.2
1.3
–0.3
0.8
0.3
–2.4
–1.7
1.0
–1.0
–2.3
–3.8
0.6
0.7
–2.4
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product..............
0.5
–2.1
1.4
1.3
2.3
2.6
3.7
–0.2
1.1
–3.9
–4.6
–3.9
0.2
0.4
2.1
1.1
0.9
0.9
6.7
Gross domestic purchases.....................
–1.1
–3.6
3.2
0.9
3.1
1.3
–0.4
–1.6
–0.5
–3.2
–7.7
–7.2
–2.1
3.0
3.0
3.9
5.1
4.2
–0.6
Final sales to domestic purchasers ........
–0.6
–3.1
1.8
1.3
2.2
1.6
0.4
–1.1
0.0
–3.1
–5.7
–6.3
–1.2
1.8
0.2
1.3
4.3
2.6
3.1
Gross national product (GNP) ................
0.3
–2.8 ...........
0.8
3.5
4.1
4.4
–0.9
0.1
–3.2
–8.6
–4.9
–0.5
2.6
4.9
4.4
1.8
2.3 ...........
Disposable personal income ..................
1.7
0.6
1.4
1.8
0.6
1.5
2.2
1.4
9.2
–8.4
2.7
0.4
5.9
–4.4
0.0
1.3
5.6
1.0
1.4
Current-dollar measures:
GDP ....................................................
2.2
–1.7
3.8
5.3
6.5
4.4
3.8
1.0
4.1
0.4
–7.9
–3.9
–0.4
2.3
4.7
4.8
3.7
4.6
3.2
Final sales of domestic product ..........
2.7
–1.1
2.4
5.8
5.6
4.6
4.6
1.8
4.3
0.5
–6.1
–2.7
0.6
1.2
1.8
2.1
2.9
3.0
7.0
Gross domestic purchases .................
2.1
–3.8
4.6
5.4
6.3
3.4
3.4
2.1
4.2
0.6 –11.7
–9.2
–1.5
4.3
5.1
6.2
5.2
4.8
1.5
Final sales to domestic purchasers ....
2.5
–3.2
3.2
5.8
5.5
3.6
4.1
2.9
4.5
0.8 –10.1
–8.1
–0.5
3.3
2.2
3.5
4.4
3.2
5.1
GNP ....................................................
2.5
–1.9 ...........
5.3
6.7
6.3
5.3
0.9
3.5
1.1
–9.8
–4.0
–0.2
3.4
4.6
5.5
3.8
4.4 ...........
Disposable personal income...............
5.1
0.7
3.1
5.8
4.1
3.9
6.5
5.4
14.3
–4.4
–3.3
–1.2
8.0
–1.6
2.7
3.4
5.5
1.7
3.3
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third quarter of 2010.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 2. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010 r

2007
I

Percent change at annual rate:
Gross domestic product .................................
Percentage points at annual rates:
Personal consumption expenditures ....................
Goods ...................................................................
Durable goods ...................................................
Motor vehicles and parts................................
Furnishings and durable household
equipment ..................................................
Recreational goods and vehicles ...................
Other durable goods ......................................
Nondurable goods .............................................
Food and beverages purchased for offpremises consumption ...............................
Clothing and footwear ....................................
Gasoline and other energy goods..................
Other nondurable goods ................................
Services................................................................
Household consumption expenditures (for
services) ........................................................
Housing and utilities.......................................
Health care.....................................................
Transportation services..................................
Recreation services .......................................
Food services and accommodations .............
Financial services and insurance...................
Other services................................................
Final consumption expenditures of nonprofit
institutions serving households......................
Gross output of nonprofit institutions .............
Less: Receipts from sales of goods and
services by nonprofit institutions ................
Gross private domestic investment...................
Fixed investment..............................................
Nonresidential ................................................
Structures...................................................
Equipment and software ............................
Information processing equipment and
software ..............................................
Computers and peripheral equipment
Software..............................................
Other...................................................
Industrial equipment ...............................
Transportation equipment.......................
Other equipment.....................................
Residential .....................................................
Change in private inventories.........................
Farm...............................................................
Nonfarm .........................................................
Net exports of goods and services....................
Exports .............................................................
Goods ............................................................
Services .........................................................
Imports .............................................................
Goods ............................................................
Services .........................................................
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment .............................................
Federal..............................................................
National defense ............................................
Consumption expenditures.........................
Gross investment .......................................
Nondefense....................................................
Consumption expenditures.........................
Gross investment .......................................
State and local .................................................
Consumption expenditures.........................
Gross investment .......................................
Addenda:
Goods ................................................................
Services.............................................................
Structures ..........................................................
Motor vehicle output ..........................................
Final sales of computers....................................
r Revised
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

II

III

2.9

I
–0.7

II

IV

I

II

–4.0

–6.8

–4.9

–0.7

III

0.9

–0.18
–0.60
–0.42
–0.39

–0.84
–0.46
–0.27
–0.17

1.26
1.00
0.55
0.08

1.64
0.56
0.38
0.06

–0.07 –0.12
0.08 0.03
–0.04 –0.02
–0.18 –0.18

0.15
0.26
0.06
0.45

0.10 –0.07
0.21 0.20
0.01 0.07
0.17 –0.03

–0.20 –0.33 –0.15 –0.12
–0.09 –0.39 0.19 –0.05
–0.06 –0.22 0.06 0.05
–0.91 –0.78 0.06 –0.11

0.12 0.16
0.36 0.34
0.05 –0.01
0.27 0.49

–0.04 –0.05
–0.01 –0.10
–0.13 0.03
0.01 –0.06
0.41 –0.38

0.15 –0.01 –0.11 0.09 0.19 –0.07 –0.01 –0.26 –0.50 0.01 0.20
0.13 0.12 0.04 0.08 –0.02 –0.05 0.23 –0.27 –0.28 –0.07 –0.10
0.00 –0.05 –0.07 –0.01 –0.12 –0.22 –0.13 –0.41 0.30 0.14 –0.01
0.17 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.02 –0.15 0.22 0.03 –0.29 –0.02 –0.20
0.26 1.08 0.74 0.62 0.71 0.88 0.00 –0.59 0.30 –0.75 –0.79

0.22 0.28
0.01 0.13
–0.04 –0.05
0.08 0.14
–0.21 0.27

1.08 1.20 0.98 –0.54 0.08 –2.46 –2.26
0.34 0.57 0.27 –1.42 0.08 –1.86 –2.57
0.38 0.31 0.20 –0.92 –0.23 –0.95 –1.79
0.17 –0.08 –0.07 –0.53 –0.57 –0.60 –0.85
0.04
0.32
0.03
0.27

0.02 –0.18 0.09
0.23 –0.13 0.28
0.01 –0.09 –0.02
0.07 –0.50 0.31

–0.30 0.21 1.16 0.84 0.36 0.42 0.74
0.14 0.14 0.10 –0.03 0.12 –0.07 0.31
0.23 0.16 0.47 0.16 0.14 0.29 0.58
–0.18 0.03 0.05 0.00 –0.04 –0.06 –0.11
–0.06 –0.01 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.00 –0.01
–0.16 0.10 –0.01 0.15 0.12 0.16 –0.23
–0.21 –0.13 0.21 0.30 0.13 0.14 0.02
–0.07 –0.07 0.28 0.15 –0.22 –0.04 0.18
0.05 –0.08
0.07 0.29

–0.10
0.00

0.02
–1.53
–1.02
0.03
0.22
–0.19

0.12 0.02 0.37
–3.24 1.84 –0.65
–2.69 0.46 –0.15
–1.96 0.54 0.75
–0.81 –0.43 0.35
–1.15 0.97 0.40

0.10
1.51
0.62
1.23
0.88
0.35

0.23
0.08
0.10
0.05
–0.06
–0.31
–0.05
–1.05
–0.51
0.01
–0.53
1.18
0.72
0.53
0.19
0.46
0.52
–0.07

0.01 0.50 0.64
–0.01 0.15 0.15
0.03 0.18 0.18
–0.02 0.17 0.30
–0.31 0.06 –0.09
–0.54 0.31 –0.01
–0.30 0.10 –0.13
–0.74 –0.07 –0.91
–0.55 1.38 –0.49
0.02 0.02 0.25
–0.57 1.35 –0.74
1.13 –0.48 –0.02
–1.18 1.35 0.71
–1.04 1.13 0.95
–0.15 0.21 –0.24
2.32 –1.83 –0.73
2.20 –1.74 –0.89
0.12 –0.09 0.16

0.11
–0.03
0.01
0.13
0.38
–0.32
0.18
–0.62
0.90
–0.31
1.21
0.01
0.76
0.58
0.17
–0.75
–0.65
–0.10

0.54 0.32 0.21
0.51 0.43 0.39
0.36 0.27 0.22
0.27 0.23 0.14
0.09 0.04 0.08
0.15 0.16 0.17
0.13 0.14 0.13
0.02 0.01 0.05
0.04 –0.11 –0.18
0.00 –0.07 –0.10
0.03 –0.05 –0.08

–0.09
–0.33
–0.34
–0.27
–0.08
0.01
0.02
–0.01
0.25
0.17
0.07

0.64
0.48
0.38
0.20
0.17
0.10
0.08
0.03
0.16
0.14
0.02

–0.13 –0.99 2.83 0.55
0.94 –0.10 0.55 0.92
–0.81 –1.54 –0.55 –0.59
–0.53 –0.56 0.46 0.29
0.14 0.03 0.10 0.02

1.69
1.23
0.32
0.13
0.07

0.27
0.07

–0.04
0.04
0.29
–0.15
–0.03
0.06
–0.08
–0.16

–0.79 0.08
–0.20 0.60
–0.02 0.23
–0.18 –0.31
–0.12 –0.09
–0.15 –0.30
0.03 –0.26
–0.14 0.22

5.0

I

IV r

1.7

2.6

2.8

1.41 0.69 1.33
1.62 0.42 1.29
1.35 –0.07 0.62
0.83 –0.56 –0.06

1.54
0.79
0.49
0.15

1.67
0.94
0.54
0.12

2.88
2.20
1.44
0.96

0.15
0.20
–0.02
0.31

0.10
0.26
0.07
0.39

0.17
0.26
0.04
0.76

0.23
0.28
0.18
0.67

0.20 –0.16
0.26 0.14
0.02 0.07
0.18 0.25
0.03 0.75

0.72
0.44
0.14
0.08
0.11
0.12
–0.27
0.11

0.64
0.00
0.34
0.04
0.01
0.10
0.14
0.01

0.02
–0.07

0.06
0.25

0.02
0.09

0.04
0.24

–0.20 –0.02
–0.46 –1.53
–0.18 –0.76
1.06 0.67
0.82 0.28
0.24 0.39

0.17
–1.47
–0.98
0.25
0.00
0.25

0.07
–1.17
–0.69
–0.16
0.30
–0.46

–0.11 0.10
–1.95 –6.32
–1.83 –4.01
–1.00 –2.84
–0.14 –0.36
–0.86 –2.47

0.34 0.28 –0.18
–6.80 –2.30 1.22
–5.71 –1.26 0.12
–4.49 –0.72 –0.13
–1.99 –0.76 –0.41
–2.50 0.04 0.28

–0.03 –0.09
2.70 3.04
–0.12 0.39
–0.10 0.71
–1.01 –0.53
0.91 1.24

0.18
2.88
2.06
1.51
–0.01
1.52

0.07 0.19
1.80 –3.13
0.18 0.57
0.93 0.51
–0.09 0.11
1.02 0.39

0.32
0.11
0.06
0.15
0.01
–0.08
–0.01
–1.24
–0.28
0.08
–0.36
0.87
1.71
0.98
0.74
–0.84
–0.72
–0.12

0.38
0.19
0.26
–0.07
0.04
–0.02
–0.14
–1.23
–0.49
–0.19
–0.30
0.84
0.67
0.78
–0.11
0.18
0.42
–0.24

0.25
0.11
0.04
0.10
–0.04
–0.67
0.01
–0.53
–0.48
0.37
–0.85
1.04
1.61
1.24
0.37
–0.57
–0.75
0.18

–0.19
–0.12
0.04
–0.11
–0.11
–0.59
0.04
–0.84
–0.12
–0.08
–0.04
–0.63
–0.66
–0.41
–0.25
0.03
0.15
–0.12

–0.25
–0.07
–0.12
–0.07
–0.78
–0.92
–0.55
–1.22
–1.09
–0.11
–0.97
2.88
–3.61
–3.14
–0.47
6.48
5.95
0.53

0.52
0.12
0.13
0.27
–0.11
–0.05
–0.07
0.25
1.10
–0.19
1.29
–1.37
1.30
1.29
0.01
–2.67
–2.64
–0.03

0.79
0.36
0.25
0.18
–0.03
0.20
–0.05
–0.02
2.83
0.21
2.62
1.90
2.56
2.19
0.37
–0.66
–0.68
0.02

0.32
0.03
0.17
0.12
0.00
0.62
0.30
–0.32
2.64
0.07
2.57
–0.31
1.30
1.09
0.21
–1.61
–1.41
–0.20

0.57
0.24
0.15
0.17
0.39
0.40
0.17
0.55
0.82
0.02
0.80
–3.50
1.08
0.93
0.15
–4.58
–4.46
–0.12

0.34
0.01
0.18
0.15
0.07
0.40
0.20
–0.75
1.61
–0.09
1.71
–1.70
0.82
0.49
0.33
–2.53
–2.16
–0.37

0.44
0.11
0.14
0.19
0.12
–0.24
0.07
0.06
–3.70
–0.15
–3.56
3.35
1.18
0.99
0.19
2.17
2.07
0.11

1.24 0.33
1.11 0.45
0.85 0.48
0.67 0.37
0.17 0.12
0.26 –0.03
0.25 –0.07
0.01 0.04
0.13 –0.12
–0.03 –0.17
0.16 0.05

–0.28
0.01
–0.13
–0.17
0.04
0.14
0.12
0.02
–0.29
–0.03
–0.25

–0.32
0.15
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.13
0.07
0.06
–0.48
–0.11
–0.36

0.80
0.72
0.40
0.25
0.15
0.32
0.27
0.05
0.08
–0.09
0.17

0.79
0.71
0.46
0.41
0.05
0.25
0.18
0.06
0.09
–0.14
0.23

–0.31
–0.02
–0.12
–0.32
0.21
0.10
0.07
0.03
–0.29
–0.09
–0.20

–0.17 1.67 5.74 4.90
0.61 –0.10 0.57 0.02
–1.14 0.02 –1.30 –1.18
–0.04 1.56 0.25 0.74
–0.06 –0.02 0.09 0.10

–0.20
1.21
0.71
–0.06
0.03

1.99 2.14
1.15 0.63
–0.58 0.02
0.49 –0.31
0.29 0.30

0.66 0.24 0.44 0.65
0.64 0.08 0.47 0.55
0.47 0.01 0.32 0.34
0.45 0.01 0.31 0.02
0.01 0.00 0.01 0.32
0.18 0.07 0.15 0.21
0.15 0.08 0.13 0.17
0.02 –0.01 0.02 0.04
0.02 0.16 –0.04 0.10
0.02 0.09 –0.06 –0.05
0.00 0.07 0.02 0.14
0.89 2.52
1.87 1.53
–0.49 –1.16
–0.06 –0.45
0.26 0.19

1.04 0.31 –0.61
1.00 0.61 –0.40
0.93 0.28 –0.45
0.81 0.26 –0.29
0.12 0.02 –0.17
0.07 0.33 0.06
0.04 0.30 0.09
0.03 0.03 –0.03
0.04 –0.30 –0.21
0.04 –0.11 –0.07
0.00 –0.19 –0.15

–0.36 –0.09 –3.01
0.92 0.69 –0.08
–1.28 –0.01 –0.91
–0.23 –1.09 –0.53
0.11 0.19 0.04

–5.19
0.08
–1.66
–1.72
0.08

–0.62
–0.95
–3.30
–1.18
0.05

0.15
0.12

0.69
0.14
0.35
0.08
–0.01
0.11
0.07
–0.05

0.04
0.11

0.36
0.09
0.16
0.12
–0.17
0.22
–0.38
–0.54
–1.03
0.12
–1.15
1.47
–0.08
–0.26
0.18
1.55
1.23
0.33

0.16
–0.02

0.17 0.26
–0.03 0.27
0.00 –0.08
0.25 0.30
0.74 0.68

0.14
0.30

–0.52
–0.19
–0.04
–0.30
–0.30
–1.16
–0.50
–1.18
–2.31
0.13
–2.44
1.50
–3.03
–2.65
–0.38
4.53
4.82
–0.29

–0.34
–0.05

III

3.7

–0.29 –0.46 –0.37 0.12 0.01
0.01 0.06 0.24 0.23 –0.06
0.40 0.38 –0.01 0.21 –0.04
–0.23 –0.10 –0.07 –0.02 0.07
0.02 –0.08 –0.12 –0.03 0.00
–0.19 –0.16 –0.06 0.02 0.29
–0.30 –0.23 –0.21 –0.21 –0.16
0.00 –0.34 –0.14 –0.08 –0.08

0.22 –0.46
0.32 –0.11

II

0.29
0.27

0.61
0.15
0.09
0.38
–0.27
0.04
0.00
–1.43
–0.77
0.06
–0.82
3.21
1.32
0.78
0.54
1.89
1.78
0.11

0.20
0.08

–0.34 –1.12
0.41 –0.32
0.35 –0.21
0.26 –0.10

1.6

IV

2.8

–0.08
0.04

0.6

III

2010

–2.6

0.16
0.18

2.3

IV

2009

0.0

0.25
0.09
0.29
–0.12
–0.01
–0.03
0.03
–0.02

3.2

2008

Table 3. Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Level and Change From Preceding Period
Billions of current dollars

Billions of chained (2005) dollars

Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2010 r

2009

Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2010 r

2010

2009

Change from preceding period

2010

2010
2010 r

IV
Gross domestic product .................................
Personal consumption expenditures ....................
Goods ...................................................................
Durable goods ...................................................
Motor vehicles and parts................................
Furnishings and durable household
equipment ..................................................
Recreational goods and vehicles ...................
Other durable goods ......................................
Nondurable goods .............................................
Food and beverages purchased for offpremises consumption ...............................
Clothing and footwear ....................................
Gasoline and other energy goods..................
Other nondurable goods ................................
Services................................................................
Household consumption expenditures (for
services) ........................................................
Housing and utilities.......................................
Health care.....................................................
Transportation services..................................
Recreation services .......................................
Food services and accommodations .............
Financial services and insurance...................
Other services................................................
Final consumption expenditures of nonprofit
institutions serving households......................
Gross output of nonprofit institutions .............
Less: Receipts from sales of goods and
services by nonprofit institutions ................
Gross private domestic investment.......................
Fixed investment .................................................
Nonresidential....................................................
Structures.......................................................
Equipment and software ................................
Information processing equipment and
software ..................................................
Computers and peripheral equipment ....
Software .................................................
Other ......................................................
Industrial equipment...................................
Transportation equipment...........................
Other equipment ........................................
Residential .........................................................
Change in private inventories ............................
Farm ..................................................................
Nonfarm .............................................................
Net exports of goods and services .......................
Exports .................................................................
Goods ................................................................
Services.............................................................
Imports .................................................................
Goods ................................................................
Services.............................................................
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment .................................................
Federal..................................................................
National defense................................................
Consumption expenditures ............................
Gross investment ...........................................
Nondefense .......................................................
Consumption expenditures ............................
Gross investment ...........................................
State and local .....................................................
Consumption expenditures ................................
Gross investment...............................................
Residual ....................................................................
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.............................
Gross domestic purchases....................................
Final sales to domestic purchasers .......................
Gross domestic product .....................................
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world ...
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world ....
Equals: Gross national product .........................
Net domestic product.............................................

I

II

III

IV

r

IV

I

II

III

IV

r

14,657.8 14,277.3 14,446.4 14,578.7 14,745.1 14,861.0 13,245.6 13,019.0 13,138.8 13,194.9 13,278.5 13,370.1
10,350.6 10,131.5 10,230.8 10,285.4 10,366.3 10,519.8 9,314.4 9,182.9 9,225.4 9,275.7 9,330.6 9,425.9
3,426.7 3,312.9 3,380.0 3,377.5 3,419.6 3,529.6 3,251.3 3,151.8 3,195.4 3,222.6 3,255.2 3,332.0
1,089.3 1,043.9 1,060.7 1,074.1 1,087.8 1,134.6 1,178.2 1,115.1 1,138.9 1,157.8 1,179.3 1,236.9
345.9
327.0
328.3
335.9
342.2
377.3
335.3
322.7
320.6
326.0
330.1
364.4

IV r

III
365.0
160.5
133.9
83.6
11.3

83.6
54.9
32.6
21.5
4.1

91.6
95.3
76.8
57.6
34.3

258.3
334.7
150.3
2,337.4

249.3
323.9
143.7
2,269.0

255.3
328.8
148.3
2,319.3

258.2
331.9
148.0
2,303.4

258.2
336.9
150.7
2,331.8

261.6
341.4
154.4
2,395.1

275.8
447.6
134.3
2,073.5

259.3
417.9
127.8
2,032.3

267.9
430.7
133.4
2,053.5

273.7
440.3
132.7
2,063.4

277.5
453.2
134.8
2,076.2

284.2
466.3
136.3
2,100.9

21.9
48.3
7.4
56.1

3.8
12.9
2.1
12.8

6.7
13.1
1.5
24.7

801.8
337.9
357.9
839.8
6,923.9

786.5
325.5
344.1
812.9
6,818.6

797.4
333.8
364.1
824.1
6,850.9

794.6
335.5
340.0
833.3
6,907.9

801.4
337.6
348.2
844.7
6,946.7

813.8
344.6
379.5
857.1
6,990.1

703.7
345.1
285.0
744.4
6,064.6

696.3
329.5
283.5
726.0
6,028.7

702.7
339.0
284.0
731.9
6,029.6

697.6
344.3
286.1
740.0
6,053.4

703.0
343.4
286.1
748.0
6,076.9

711.5
353.7
283.9
757.8
6,098.7

18.6
18.3
–0.5
21.3
31.9

5.4
–0.9
0.0
8.0
23.5

8.5
10.3
–2.2
9.8
21.8

6,657.8
1,901.0
1,686.8
300.0
381.0
626.3
820.9
941.8

6,556.2
1,887.6
1,650.1
290.2
377.3
604.7
816.3
930.1

6,589.6
1,887.1
1,657.5
294.6
376.8
615.2
824.9
933.3

6,643.2
1,892.5
1,680.4
299.6
378.5
623.3
829.9
939.1

6,679.2
1,910.9
1,694.3
301.5
384.1
630.5
812.2
945.7

6,719.0
1,913.6
1,715.1
304.2
384.5
636.1
816.5
949.0

5,802.7
1,674.8
1,459.7
254.2
340.1
540.1
725.7
808.2

5,769.7
1,666.3
1,447.9
248.6
338.6
526.1
732.5
810.1

5,769.9
1,664.3
1,446.7
250.8
338.5
535.0
727.4
807.7

5,791.7
1,668.9
1,457.6
253.3
338.2
538.3
729.5
806.1

5,814.4
1,683.0
1,461.9
255.7
341.8
542.0
720.7
809.5

5,834.8
1,682.9
1,472.8
257.0
342.0
545.2
725.3
809.8

25.7
17.9
19.3
3.3
–1.7
12.4
–17.3
–8.8

22.7
14.1
4.3
2.4
3.6
3.7
–8.8
3.4

20.4
–0.1
10.9
1.3
0.2
3.2
4.6
0.3

266.2
1,092.1

262.4
1,070.7

261.3
1,071.5

264.7
1,087.7

267.5
1,097.1

271.1
1,111.9

263.0
961.2

259.9
954.1

260.6
952.0

262.9
959.9

263.5
962.7

265.1
970.3

7.0
9.1

0.6
2.8

1.6
7.6

825.9
1,822.5
1,753.6
1,413.2
382.8
1,030.4

808.3
1,637.7
1,681.9
1,330.9
398.2
932.7

810.2
1,739.7
1,689.8
1,349.6
380.1
969.5

823.0
1,841.8
1,761.4
1,404.2
381.5
1,022.7

829.6
1,907.2
1,768.6
1,438.8
380.9
1,057.9

840.7
1,801.5
1,794.7
1,460.2
388.5
1,071.6

698.8
1,769.9
1,692.7
1,362.9
318.4
1,054.7

694.7
1,585.7
1,617.1
1,278.3
335.3
944.7

692.0
1,690.2
1,630.5
1,302.6
319.3
989.7

697.6
1,791.5
1,702.5
1,355.3
318.9
1,046.0

699.7
1,855.1
1,708.8
1,388.0
316.0
1,084.2

705.8
1,742.8
1,728.9
1,405.9
319.5
1,098.9

2.8
254.2
62.0
72.1
–51.2
138.4

2.1
63.6
6.3
32.7
–2.9
38.2

6.1
–112.3
20.1
17.9
3.5
14.7

589.9
97.0
282.6
210.3
160.8
112.6
167.2
340.4
68.9
6.5
62.4
–515.7
1,838.5
1,277.7
560.7
2,354.1
1,949.6
404.6

559.0
90.1
269.4
199.5
146.4
78.8
148.6
351.0
–44.2
7.1
–51.3
–426.4
1,689.9
1,157.6
532.3
2,116.3
1,731.8
384.5

568.0
90.5
274.7
202.8
146.8
97.0
157.7
340.2
50.0
9.3
40.7
–479.9
1,757.8
1,213.0
544.8
2,237.6
1,843.5
394.1

586.2
98.4
279.6
208.3
161.6
110.9
163.9
357.2
80.4
9.6
70.8
–539.3
1,817.9
1,262.8
555.1
2,357.1
1,957.2
400.0

595.5
97.8
285.3
212.4
164.7
125.4
172.3
329.8
138.6
6.3
132.2
–550.5
1,848.9
1,282.0
566.9
2,399.4
1,988.2
411.2

609.9
675.0
632.9
645.7
669.1
683.3
702.1
79.2
14.2
18.8
101.2 .............. .............. ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............. ..............
290.8
284.2
269.5
275.4
280.9
287.5
292.9
24.9
6.6
5.4
217.9
242.9
227.4
232.3
239.5
245.9
254.0
27.4
6.4
8.1
169.9
139.7
128.3
128.4
140.7
143.0
146.8
7.5
2.3
3.8
117.0
111.7
74.5
95.8
110.2
124.8
116.0
42.3
14.6
–8.8
174.8
150.4
132.7
142.4
147.8
154.5
156.8
12.6
6.7
2.3
334.5
332.4
341.7
330.7
350.1
323.3
325.5
–10.3
–26.8
2.2
6.8
60.4
–36.7
44.1
68.8
121.4
7.1
173.5
52.6 –114.3
1.0
5.4
6.4
7.6
7.8
5.1
1.3
2.0
–2.7
–3.8
5.8
55.0
–43.0
36.5
61.0
116.6
5.7
171.9
55.6 –110.9
–493.0 –421.8 –330.1 –338.4 –449.0 –505.0 –395.0
–58.8
–56.0
110.0
1,929.4 1,666.5 1,573.5 1,616.4 1,652.1 1,679.3 1,718.3
175.8
27.2
39.0
1,353.2 1,167.9 1,091.7 1,128.0 1,159.2 1,175.8 1,208.6
149.7
16.6
32.8
576.2
499.3
482.0
488.9
493.6
504.2
510.4
27.3
10.6
6.2
2,422.4 2,088.4 1,903.6 1,954.8 2,101.1 2,184.3 2,113.3
234.6
83.2
–71.0
2,009.4 1,737.0 1,566.1 1,611.0 1,753.9 1,825.5 1,757.6
223.5
71.6
–67.9
413.0
352.5
338.3
344.6
348.3
360.1
356.7
12.0
11.8
–3.4

3,000.3 2,934.5 2,955.7 2,990.8 3,022.2 3,032.7
1,214.3 1,159.9 1,178.1 1,206.7 1,233.9 1,238.3
817.7
785.4
796.3
813.0
830.8
830.6
698.3
673.5
684.0
695.2
711.2
702.7
119.4
111.9
112.4
117.9
119.6
127.9
396.6
374.5
381.8
393.7
403.1
407.7
345.2
328.3
333.3
343.3
350.4
353.9
51.3
46.2
48.4
50.3
52.7
53.8
1,786.1 1,774.7 1,777.6 1,784.1 1,788.2 1,794.4
1,447.2 1,432.2 1,447.4 1,446.7 1,441.3 1,453.5
338.9
342.4
330.2
337.4
346.9
340.9
.............. ............... ............... ............... .............. ..............
14,588.9
15,173.5
15,104.5
14,657.8
..............
..............
..............
12,789.0

14,321.5
14,703.7
14,748.0
14,277.3
664.7
499.1
14,442.8
12,425.1

14,396.4
14,926.3
14,876.3
14,446.4
693.7
502.6
14,637.6
12,594.0

14,498.3
15,118.0
15,037.6
14,578.7
696.1
500.8
14,774.0
12,718.3

14,606.5
15,295.6
15,157.0
14,745.1
704.0
515.5
14,933.6
12,873.2

14,854.3
15,354.0
15,347.2
14,861.0
..............
..............
..............
12,970.4

2,568.6
1,077.0
720.3
608.7
112.6
356.7
306.7
50.3
1,497.5
1,220.1
277.7
–41.4

2,550.3
1,043.6
703.8
598.5
106.0
339.8
294.5
45.3
1,511.2
1,228.4
282.9
–13.7

2,540.2
1,048.4
704.4
598.9
106.2
344.0
296.6
47.5
1,496.8
1,225.1
272.1
–22.1

2,564.9
1,071.5
717.1
606.8
111.2
354.5
305.3
49.4
1,499.1
1,222.3
277.0
–37.8

2,589.6
1,094.3
731.8
619.8
112.9
362.6
311.3
51.7
1,501.7
1,217.9
283.9
–42.6

13,176.4
13,660.3
13,591.2
13,245.6
..............
..............
..............
11,477.5

13,051.1
13,338.2
13,369.9
13,019.0
604.0
453.1
13,170.1
11,271.2

13,085.5
13,467.6
13,414.3
13,138.8
627.8
454.0
13,313.0
11,384.8

13,114.7
13,637.7
13,557.7
13,194.9
629.8
452.3
13,372.7
11,432.7

13,145.3
13,777.6
13,644.6
13,278.5
635.7
465.3
13,449.3
11,506.1

2,579.7
26.0
24.7
–9.9
1,093.7
49.4
22.8
–0.6
727.9
27.3
14.7
–3.9
609.4
17.0
13.0
–10.4
120.1
10.7
1.7
7.2
365.9
22.1
8.1
3.3
313.6
16.1
6.0
2.3
52.7
6.3
2.3
1.0
1,492.6
–21.3
2.6
–9.1
1,215.0
–12.0
–4.4
–2.9
277.8
–9.1
6.9
–6.1
–64.8 .............. ............. ..............
13,360.0
183.6
13,758.2
426.7
13,748.1
246.2
13,370.1
365.0
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
.............. ..............
11,586.4
340.2

30.6
214.7
139.9
–19.4
86.9
103.5
83.6
91.6
5.9 ..............
13.0 ..............
76.6 ..............
73.4
80.3

r Revised
NOTE. Users are cautioned that particularly for components that exhibit rapid change in prices relative to other prices in the economy, the chained-dollar estimates should not be used to measure the component’s
relative importance or its contribution to the growth rate of more aggregate series. For accurate estimates of the contributions to percent changes in real gross domestic product, use table 2.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 4. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010

r

2007
I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

2010
III

IV

I

II

III

IV r

Gross domestic product (GDP) .......
2.2
0.9
1.0
4.4
3.2
2.0
0.9
1.9
3.2
4.5
–1.2
1.1
0.3
0.7
–0.2
1.0
1.9
2.1
0.4
Personal consumption expenditures .........
3.3
0.2
1.7
4.0
3.5
2.3
4.2
3.9
4.6
4.4
–5.8
–1.6
1.9
2.9
2.7
2.1
0.0
0.8
1.8
Goods.........................................................
3.2
–2.5
1.7
3.2
4.7
0.8
5.4
5.1
4.9
7.2 –17.7
–6.0
3.7
5.7
2.8
2.6
–3.6
0.9
3.4
Durable goods ........................................
–1.4
–1.6
–1.4
–1.8
–1.4
–2.1
–1.4
–0.7
–2.0
–0.7
–3.4
–2.1
0.1
–2.5
0.7
–2.0
–1.6
–2.2
–2.2
Nondurable goods ..................................
5.6
–2.9
3.2
6.1
8.1
2.3
9.1
8.1
8.3
11.0 –23.5
–7.9
5.4
9.7
3.8
4.7
–4.6
2.4
6.2
Services......................................................
3.4
1.5
1.7
4.4
2.9
3.1
3.7
3.3
4.5
3.0
0.7
0.5
1.1
1.7
2.7
1.8
1.8
0.7
1.1
Gross private domestic investment............
0.7
–2.0
–1.8
2.1
0.1
–0.2
0.4
–0.2
1.0
1.9
4.8
–4.1
–6.7
–6.0
–0.7
–2.0
–0.7
0.5
2.5
Fixed investment.........................................
0.8
–1.7
–1.6
2.1
0.2
–0.2
0.2
0.0
1.3
2.8
2.2
–3.0
–5.7
–4.8
–1.0
–1.4
–0.7
0.1
1.2
Nonresidential.........................................
1.4
–1.2
–1.9
2.0
0.7
–0.3
0.2
0.6
2.1
4.5
4.3
–3.1
–5.7
–5.1
–2.4
–1.9
0.0
0.2
0.8
Structures............................................
4.7
–2.6
–1.4
5.0
1.8
3.3
4.8
3.5
4.9
8.1
8.1
–5.6 –12.2 –10.5
–2.1
0.9
2.0
2.9
3.6
Equipment and software .....................
–0.2
–0.5
–1.9
0.7
0.3
–2.0
–2.1
–0.9
0.8
2.6
2.2
–1.6
–2.0
–2.4
–2.5
–3.1
–0.8
–0.8
–0.2
Residential ..............................................
–1.2
–3.4
–0.3
2.2
–1.2
0.1
0.7
–1.4
–1.1
–2.8
–5.2
–2.9
–6.0
–3.3
4.3
0.6
–3.2
–0.1
3.0
Change in private inventories ..................... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ...........
Net exports of goods and services ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ...........
Exports .......................................................
4.7
–5.4
4.2
3.4
4.4
2.6
5.8
7.8
10.6
5.7 –22.3 –11.5
0.7
4.6
4.6
5.1
4.8
0.2
8.2
Goods .....................................................
4.8
–6.8
4.8
2.7
4.5
2.2
6.1
8.6
13.2
5.4 –27.5 –13.8
2.7
4.8
4.6
5.8
5.3
0.4
11.2
Services..................................................
4.2
–2.2
2.9
5.1
4.2
3.7
5.1
5.8
4.8
6.4
–9.0
–6.6
–3.2
4.0
4.7
3.7
3.7
–0.2
1.7
Imports .......................................................
10.4 –10.7
6.5
3.9
4.0
2.8
24.3
19.4
16.6
2.2 –32.1 –27.3
2.3
8.6
21.8
12.4
–7.7
–8.1
18.6
Goods .....................................................
11.3 –12.3
7.1
4.1
3.5
2.1
28.0
22.0
17.3
1.7 –34.6 –30.7
2.0
9.2
24.8
14.6
–9.6
–9.2
21.4
Services..................................................
5.7
–2.8
3.7
2.8
6.8
6.6
5.9
6.2
13.4
4.8 –17.2 –10.2
3.8
6.2
9.2
2.5
1.6
–2.2
5.7
Government consumption expenditures
and gross investment...............................
4.7
–0.3
1.9
8.4
4.6
2.9
4.7
7.3
6.5
3.9
–5.2
–1.7
0.6
0.4
1.5
4.6
0.9
0.3
3.0
Federal .......................................................
3.1
–0.2
1.7
8.7
3.5
0.4
2.3
6.5
4.7
1.6
–4.2
0.7
–0.8
–0.1
1.5
4.5
0.9
0.5
1.7
National defense.....................................
3.6
–0.7
2.0
8.4
4.1
0.9
3.1
6.4
6.3
2.0
–5.9
0.1
–1.8
0.3
1.6
5.3
1.2
0.5
2.0
Nondefense ............................................
2.2
0.8
1.1
9.3
2.3
–0.6
0.8
6.6
1.6
0.6
–0.4
2.2
1.1
–1.0
1.5
2.8
0.2
0.4
0.9
State and local............................................
5.6
–0.4
2.0
8.3
5.3
4.4
6.2
7.7
7.5
5.3
–5.8
–3.2
1.5
0.8
1.5
4.6
0.9
0.2
3.9
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product..................
2.2
1.0
1.0
4.4
3.2
2.0
0.8
2.0
3.2
4.6
–1.5
1.3
0.4
0.8
–0.3
1.0
1.9
2.1
0.2
Gross domestic purchases.........................
3.2
–0.2
1.3
4.4
3.2
2.0
3.8
4.0
4.5
3.9
–4.4
–2.0
0.6
1.4
2.1
2.1
0.1
0.7
2.1
Final sales to domestic purchasers ............
3.2
–0.2
1.4
4.5
3.2
2.0
3.7
4.0
4.5
4.1
–4.6
–1.9
0.7
1.5
2.0
2.2
0.1
0.6
2.0
Gross national product (GNP) ....................
2.2
0.9 ...........
4.4
3.1
2.0
0.9
2.0
3.2
4.5
–1.3
1.1
0.3
0.8
–0.2
1.0
1.9
2.1 ...........
Implicit price deflators:
GDP ........................................................
2.2
0.9
1.0
4.4
3.2
2.0
0.9
1.8
3.4
4.5
–1.2
1.0
0.3
0.7
–0.3
1.1
2.0
2.0
0.4
Gross domestic purchases .....................
3.2
–0.2
1.3
4.4
3.1
2.1
3.8
3.8
4.7
4.0
–4.3
–2.2
0.5
1.3
2.0
2.2
0.1
0.6
2.1
GNP ........................................................
2.2
0.9 ...........
4.4
3.1
2.0
0.9
1.8
3.4
4.5
–1.2
1.0
0.3
0.7
–0.3
1.0
1.9
2.0 ...........
r Revised
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 5. Real Gross Domestic Product, Quantity Indexes
[Index numbers, 2005=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2008

2009

2010

r

2009
IV

2010
I

II

III

IV r

Gross domestic product......................................................
104.672
101.917
104.804
103.012
103.960
104.403
105.065
105.789
Personal consumption expenditures ................................................
105.057
103.797
105.617
104.126
104.608
105.178
105.801
106.881
Goods................................................................................................
103.462
101.416
105.771
102.533
103.952
104.837
105.898
108.396
Durable goods ...............................................................................
102.798
99.011
106.581
100.870
103.025
104.735
106.673
111.889
Nondurable goods .........................................................................
103.698
102.487
105.338
103.247
104.321
104.823
105.476
106.732
Services.............................................................................................
105.870
105.006
105.562
104.936
104.952
105.366
105.775
106.155
Gross private domestic investment...................................................
90.105
69.778
81.478
73.000
77.811
82.474
85.400
80.230
Fixed investment................................................................................
94.096
76.835
79.757
76.198
76.826
80.219
80.517
81.465
Nonresidential................................................................................
115.532
95.804
101.159
94.879
96.677
100.592
103.019
104.347
Structures...................................................................................
131.976
105.064
90.524
95.310
90.761
90.649
89.848
90.837
Equipment and software ............................................................
108.681
92.035
105.938
94.895
99.408
105.067
108.898
110.377
Residential .....................................................................................
57.324
44.220
42.893
44.092
42.670
45.177
41.719
42.008
Change in private inventories ............................................................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... .......................... ......................... .........................
Exports of goods and services..........................................................
126.255
114.228
127.698
120.569
123.858
126.592
128.679
131.662
Imports of goods and services ..........................................................
106.113
91.418
102.987
93.874
96.401
103.613
107.718
104.215
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....
105.605
107.287
108.384
107.613
107.185
108.228
109.270
108.852
Federal ..............................................................................................
110.900
117.266
122.899
119.091
119.634
122.276
124.882
124.806
State and local...................................................................................
102.611
101.688
100.263
101.179
100.213
100.367
100.541
99.933
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.........................................................
105.399
103.212
104.671
103.676
103.948
104.181
104.424
106.130
Gross domestic purchases................................................................
102.756
99.045
102.239
99.829
100.797
102.070
103.117
102.972
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................
103.433
100.254
102.104
100.441
100.775
101.852
102.505
103.283
Gross national product ......................................................................
105.129
102.192 .........................
103.413
104.534
105.003
105.604 .........................
r Revised
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 6. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product
[Index numbers, 2005=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2008

2009

2010

r

2009
IV

2010
I

II

III

IV r

Gross domestic product......................................................
108.598
109.618
110.670
109.693
109.959
110.485
111.060
111.176
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)......................................
109.061
109.258
111.125
110.333
110.901
110.888
111.102
111.608
Goods................................................................................................
106.262
103.634
105.398
105.120
105.784
104.812
105.058
105.939
Durable goods ...............................................................................
95.340
93.782
92.456
93.603
93.121
92.755
92.235
91.714
Nondurable goods .........................................................................
112.484
109.262
112.727
111.651
112.949
111.638
112.315
114.006
Services.............................................................................................
110.566
112.233
114.167
113.102
113.620
114.116
114.314
114.616
Gross private domestic investment...................................................
106.977
104.873
103.035
103.466
102.952
102.765
102.895
103.527
Fixed investment................................................................................
107.053
105.260
103.625
104.030
103.661
103.487
103.523
103.828
Nonresidential................................................................................
106.984
105.700
103.713
104.144
103.639
103.636
103.689
103.888
Structures...................................................................................
125.460
122.187
120.443
119.017
119.291
119.887
120.755
121.838
Equipment and software ............................................................
100.083
99.620
97.701
98.721
97.954
97.764
97.574
97.514
Residential .....................................................................................
106.361
102.736
102.412
102.712
102.869
102.030
101.994
102.755
Change in private inventories ............................................................ ......................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... ......................... .......................... ..........................
Exports of goods and services..........................................................
111.874
105.877
110.317
107.424
108.771
110.060
110.122
112.315
Imports of goods and services ..........................................................
118.685
105.987
112.828
111.222
114.514
112.234
109.892
114.673
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....
115.009
114.644
116.808
115.067
116.358
116.606
116.706
117.563
Federal ..............................................................................................
111.119
110.895
112.743
111.141
112.375
112.615
112.756
113.226
State and local...................................................................................
117.349
116.892
119.269
117.434
118.760
119.014
119.083
120.220
Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy 1 ......................................................
107.151
108.774
110.211
109.551
109.887
110.171
110.318
110.469
Market-based PCE 2..........................................................................
109.016
109.372
111.092
110.356
110.824
110.763
111.127
111.652
2
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy ...............................
106.778
108.826
110.018
109.445
109.626
109.903
110.214
110.330
Final sales of domestic product.........................................................
108.608
109.647
110.719
109.736
110.020
110.552
111.117
111.186
Gross domestic purchases................................................................
109.813
109.614
111.087
110.265
110.838
110.852
111.034
111.623
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................
109.823
109.649
111.134
110.309
110.900
110.917
111.086
111.633
Gross national product ......................................................................
108.605
109.612 .........................
109.691
109.957
110.478
111.052 ..........................
Implicit price deflators:
Gross domestic product.................................................................
108.619
109.615
110.662
109.665
109.952
110.488
111.045
111.152
Final sales of domestic product .....................................................
108.608
109.647
110.720
109.734
110.018
110.550
111.116
111.184
Gross domestic purchases ............................................................
109.834
109.611
111.077
110.238
110.831
110.854
111.018
111.599
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...............................................
109.823
109.649
111.135
110.308
110.899
110.915
111.085
111.632
Gross national product...................................................................
108.626
109.609 .........................
109.664
109.950
110.479
111.036 ..........................
r Revised
1. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.
2. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, financial services furnished without
payment) and the final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households. Percentage changes for these series are included in the addenda to table 8 and appendix table A.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 7. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Preceding Year
1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010 r

Gross domestic product (GDP) ..............................................
2.5
3.7
4.5
4.4
4.8
4.1
1.1
1.8
2.5
3.6
3.1
2.7
1.9
0.0
–2.6
2.8
Personal consumption expenditures ................................................
2.7
3.5
3.7
5.2
5.5
5.1
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.5
3.4
2.9
2.4
–0.3
–1.2
1.8
Goods................................................................................................
3.0
4.5
4.8
6.8
8.0
5.3
3.1
4.1
4.6
4.4
4.0
3.3
2.8
–2.5
–2.0
4.3
Durable goods ...............................................................................
3.9
7.5
8.2
12.2
13.0
8.8
5.4
7.6
6.0
6.6
5.2
4.1
4.2
–5.2
–3.7
7.6
Nondurable goods .........................................................................
2.5
2.9
2.9
3.8
5.1
3.2
1.8
2.0
3.7
3.2
3.4
2.8
2.0
–1.1
–1.2
2.8
Services.............................................................................................
2.5
2.9
3.1
4.4
4.1
5.0
2.5
1.9
1.9
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.2
0.9
–0.8
0.5
Gross private domestic investment...................................................
3.1
8.8
12.4
10.0
8.8
6.8
–7.0
–1.4
3.6
10.0
5.5
2.7
–3.1
–9.5 –22.6
16.8
Fixed investment................................................................................
6.4
9.0
9.2
10.9
9.3
7.4
–1.9
–4.2
3.2
7.3
6.5
2.3
–1.8
–6.4 –18.3
3.8
Nonresidential................................................................................
10.5
9.3
12.1
12.0
10.4
9.8
–2.8
–7.9
0.9
6.0
6.7
7.9
6.7
0.3 –17.1
5.6
Structures...................................................................................
6.4
5.7
7.3
5.1
0.1
7.8
–1.5 –17.7
–3.8
1.1
1.4
9.2
14.1
5.9 –20.4 –13.8
Equipment and software ............................................................
12.0
10.6
13.8
14.5
14.1
10.5
–3.2
–4.2
2.5
7.7
8.5
7.4
3.7
–2.4 –15.3
15.1
Residential .....................................................................................
–3.3
8.0
1.9
7.7
6.3
1.0
0.6
5.2
8.2
9.8
6.2
–7.3 –18.7 –24.0 –22.9
–3.0
Change in private inventories ............................................................ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ...........
Net exports of goods and services ................................................... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ...........
Exports ..............................................................................................
10.1
8.3
11.9
2.3
4.4
8.6
–5.6
–2.0
1.6
9.5
6.7
9.0
9.3
6.0
–9.5
11.8
Goods ............................................................................................
11.7
8.8
14.4
2.2
3.8
11.1
–6.2
–3.6
1.8
8.5
7.5
9.4
9.8
6.3 –12.0
14.7
Services.........................................................................................
6.3
7.0
5.9
2.4
5.7
2.7
–4.1
1.9
1.2
11.9
5.0
7.9
8.3
5.3
–3.9
5.8
Imports ..............................................................................................
8.0
8.7
13.5
11.7
11.5
13.0
–2.8
3.4
4.4
11.0
6.1
6.1
2.7
–2.6 –13.8
12.7
Goods ............................................................................................
9.0
9.4
14.4
11.8
12.5
13.4
–3.2
3.7
4.9
11.0
6.8
5.9
2.9
–3.5 –15.8
14.8
Services.........................................................................................
3.0
5.2
8.7
10.9
6.8
11.0
–0.8
1.8
1.9
11.2
2.8
7.1
1.4
2.4
–4.2
3.5
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....
0.6
1.0
1.9
2.1
3.6
2.0
3.8
4.7
2.2
1.4
0.3
1.4
1.3
2.8
1.6
1.0
Federal ..............................................................................................
–2.7
–1.2
–1.0
–1.1
1.9
0.5
4.1
7.3
6.6
4.1
1.3
2.1
1.2
7.3
5.7
4.8
National defense............................................................................
–3.7
–1.3
–2.8
–2.1
1.9
–0.5
3.8
7.4
8.7
5.7
1.5
1.6
2.2
7.5
5.4
3.9
Nondefense ...................................................................................
–0.4
–0.8
2.7
0.8
2.1
2.4
4.6
7.2
2.8
1.0
0.9
3.2
–0.8
6.7
6.5
6.6
State and local...................................................................................
2.7
2.3
3.6
3.9
4.5
2.8
3.7
3.3
–0.1
–0.2
–0.2
0.9
1.4
0.3
–0.9
–1.4
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.........................................................
3.0
3.7
3.9
4.4
4.9
4.2
2.0
1.3
2.4
3.2
3.2
2.6
2.2
0.5
–2.1
1.4
Gross domestic purchases................................................................
2.4
3.8
4.7
5.5
5.7
4.8
1.2
2.4
2.8
4.0
3.2
2.6
1.3
–1.1
–3.6
3.2
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................
2.8
3.8
4.2
5.6
5.8
4.9
2.1
1.9
2.8
3.6
3.3
2.5
1.5
–0.6
–3.1
1.8
Gross national product ......................................................................
2.6
3.7
4.3
4.3
4.9
4.2
1.2
1.8
2.6
3.7
3.1
2.4
2.3
0.3
–2.8 ...........
Real disposable personal income......................................................
3.0
3.3
3.5
6.0
3.0
5.1
2.4
3.3
2.5
3.4
1.3
4.0
2.3
1.7
0.6
1.4
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases ............................................................
2.1
1.8
1.5
0.7
1.6
2.5
1.9
1.4
2.3
3.0
3.7
3.4
2.9
3.2
–0.2
1.3
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy 1 ...............
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.8
1.7
2.0
2.7
3.3
3.2
2.7
2.6
0.7
1.1
GDP ...............................................................................................
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.1
1.5
2.2
2.3
1.6
2.2
2.8
3.3
3.3
2.9
2.2
0.9
1.0
GDP excluding food and energy 1..................................................
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.2
1.6
2.2
2.0
1.8
2.1
2.8
3.5
3.3
2.8
2.3
0.8
1.2
Personal consumption expenditures..............................................
2.2
2.2
1.9
1.0
1.6
2.5
1.9
1.4
2.0
2.6
3.0
2.7
2.7
3.3
0.2
1.7
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third quarter of 2010.
1. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.

Table 8. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Quarter One Year Ago
2007
I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

2010
III

IV

I

II

III r

IV r

Gross domestic product (GDP) ..............................................
1.3
1.8
2.3
2.3
1.9
1.2
–0.3
–2.8
–3.8
–4.1
–2.7
0.2
2.4
3.0
3.2
2.7
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)......................................
2.8
2.6
2.4
1.7
1.0
0.6
–0.7
–1.9
–1.8
–2.2
–0.9
0.2
0.8
1.7
1.8
2.6
Goods................................................................................................
3.0
3.2
3.0
1.8
–0.3
–0.5
–3.1
–6.1
–4.2
–4.7
–1.0
2.3
3.2
4.5
3.7
5.7
Durable goods ...............................................................................
3.4
4.8
4.6
3.9
–0.2
–2.0
–6.0 –12.3
–8.7
–8.7
–1.3
4.8
5.8
8.4
5.5
10.9
Nondurable goods .........................................................................
2.8
2.4
2.1
0.8
–0.3
0.3
–1.6
–2.9
–2.1
–2.7
–0.9
1.1
2.1
2.7
2.9
3.4
Services.............................................................................................
2.6
2.3
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.2
0.5
0.3
–0.6
–1.0
–0.8
–0.8
–0.4
0.4
0.9
1.2
Gross private domestic investment...................................................
–5.2
–2.9
–2.3
–1.8
–3.3
–7.3
–9.7 –17.5 –26.3 –28.5 –24.0
–9.6
10.5
23.3
24.1
9.9
Fixed investment................................................................................
–3.3
–1.9
–1.0
–0.8
–2.2
–4.2
–6.9 –12.3 –20.1 –21.3 –18.6 –12.9
–2.0
5.1
5.3
6.9
Nonresidential................................................................................
5.2
6.1
7.4
8.2
7.0
3.8
–0.8
–8.3 –18.1 –19.3 –17.8 –12.7
–0.8
5.2
8.2
10.0
Structures...................................................................................
11.0
12.2
15.6
17.3
14.3
9.4
2.7
–1.5 –13.6 –19.8 –21.7 –26.5 –20.1 –15.6 –13.5
–4.7
Equipment and software ............................................................
3.0
3.6
3.8
4.3
3.8
1.1
–2.6 –11.8 –20.3 –19.1 –15.8
–4.9
9.5
15.7
18.7
16.3
Residential ..................................................................................... –18.6 –17.4 –18.2 –20.7 –23.6 –24.0 –23.7 –24.6 –26.9 –28.1 –21.4 –13.4
–6.3
4.8
–5.6
–4.7
Change in private inventories ............................................................ ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ...........
Net exports of goods and services ................................................... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ...........
Exports ..............................................................................................
7.7
7.7
11.6
10.1
9.9
11.5
6.1
–2.9 –11.7 –14.7 –11.0
–0.1
11.4
14.1
12.7
9.2
Goods ............................................................................................
8.3
8.3
11.6
10.8
10.0
11.7
7.2
–3.1 –14.7 –18.3 –13.8
–0.2
14.4
18.7
15.4
10.7
Services.........................................................................................
6.5
6.4
11.6
8.6
9.8
11.1
3.7
–2.5
–5.0
–6.2
–4.6
0.3
5.1
4.9
7.2
5.9
Imports ..............................................................................................
3.4
3.4
3.4
0.7
–0.8
–1.2
–2.4
–6.0 –15.3 –18.3 –14.1
–7.2
6.2
17.4
16.1
11.0
Goods ............................................................................................
3.7
3.6
3.5
0.9
–1.6
–1.6
–3.1
–8.0 –18.0 –21.1 –16.0
–7.3
7.9
20.8
18.3
12.2
Services.........................................................................................
1.5
2.0
2.7
–0.7
3.3
0.8
0.9
4.8
–2.1
–3.4
–4.3
–7.0
–0.8
3.2
6.3
5.5
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ....
0.4
1.2
1.9
1.9
2.6
2.6
3.0
3.1
1.7
2.4
1.5
0.8
1.1
0.6
1.2
1.2
Federal ..............................................................................................
–1.9
0.7
3.1
3.1
6.1
6.3
7.4
9.2
6.0
7.7
5.7
3.6
5.5
4.1
4.9
4.8
National defense............................................................................
0.0
1.7
4.7
2.6
6.3
5.9
8.2
9.5
5.4
7.7
5.2
3.3
5.6
3.4
3.3
3.4
Nondefense ...................................................................................
–5.5
–1.4
–0.1
4.2
5.8
7.0
5.7
8.5
7.4
7.7
6.7
4.5
5.1
5.5
8.2
7.7
State and local...................................................................................
1.8
1.4
1.2
1.2
0.6
0.5
0.5
–0.4
–0.8
–0.7
–1.1
–1.0
–1.5
–1.6
–1.2
–1.2
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product.........................................................
1.7
2.0
2.6
2.5
2.1
1.8
0.1
–1.9
–2.9
–3.1
–2.0
–0.3
0.9
1.1
1.2
2.4
Gross domestic purchases................................................................
1.0
1.4
1.6
1.2
0.6
–0.3
–1.4
–3.3
–4.7
–5.1
–3.6
–0.9
1.9
3.8
4.1
3.1
Final sales to domestic purchasers ...................................................
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.4
0.8
0.2
–1.0
–2.5
–3.8
–4.1
–2.9
–1.4
0.5
1.9
2.1
2.8
Gross national product ......................................................................
1.2
1.8
2.9
3.2
2.7
1.9
0.0
–3.2
–4.2
–4.4
–2.9
0.5
2.8
3.4
3.3 ...........
Real disposable personal income......................................................
3.1
2.4
2.3
1.5
1.4
3.5
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.0
1.1
0.4
0.7
0.6
2.0
2.3
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases ............................................................
3.0
2.9
2.6
3.3
3.2
3.6
4.0
1.9
0.4
–0.5
–1.1
0.5
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy 1 ...............
3.1
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.9
2.1
1.3
0.7
0.2
0.6
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
GDP ...............................................................................................
3.2
3.1
2.8
2.6
2.0
2.0
2.6
2.1
1.9
1.2
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.4
1
GDP excluding food and energy ..................................................
3.2
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.4
2.7
1.9
1.2
0.8
0.3
0.8
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
PCE ...............................................................................................
2.5
2.6
2.4
3.5
3.5
3.8
4.3
1.7
0.3
–0.3
–0.7
1.5
2.4
1.9
1.4
1.2
PCE excluding food and energy 1 ..................................................
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.0
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.2
0.8
Market-based PCE 2 ......................................................................
2.3
2.4
2.1
3.5
3.6
3.8
4.6
1.8
0.5
–0.1
–0.6
1.5
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.2
2
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy ...........................
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.7
1.4
1.1
1.1
0.8
r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third quarter of 2010.
1. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.
2. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, financial services furnished without
payment) and the final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households.

Table 9. Relation of Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product, and National Income
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010

r

2009
IV

Gross domestic product................................................................................................
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world ..............................................................
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world...............................................................
Equals: Gross national product....................................................................................
Less: Consumption of fixed capital...................................................................................
Less: Statistical discrepancy ............................................................................................
Equals: National income................................................................................................
Compensation of employees ........................................................................................
Wage and salary accruals ........................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries .........................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments ....
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment..................................
Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments ........
Net interest and miscellaneous payments....................................................................
Taxes on production and imports less subsidies ..........................................................
Business current transfer payments (net).....................................................................
Current surplus of government enterprises..................................................................
Addendum:
Gross domestic income ................................................................................................

2010
I

III r

II

IV r

14,369.1
839.2
664.7
14,543.6
1,849.2
136.6
12,557.8
8,060.8
6,554.0
1,506.8
1,102.0
222.0
1,262.8
812.8
992.3
121.7
–16.7

14,119.0
629.8
483.6
14,265.3
1,861.1
179.1
12,225.0
7,811.7
6,279.1
1,532.6
1,011.9
274.0
1,258.0
784.3
964.4
134.0
–13.2

14,657.8
......................
......................
......................
1,868.8
......................
......................
7,991.3
6,405.3
1,586.1
1,055.3
301.2
......................
737.3
999.0
132.1
–13.3

14,277.3
664.7
499.1
14,442.8
1,852.2
175.2
12,415.5
7,831.4
6,284.9
1,546.5
1,022.1
282.8
1,418.2
765.6
976.8
129.8
–11.3

14,446.4
693.7
502.6
14,637.6
1,852.4
164.2
12,621.0
7,858.1
6,291.4
1,566.7
1,030.7
292.7
1,566.6
765.9
988.5
130.5
–12.1

14,578.7
696.1
500.8
14,774.0
1,860.4
131.1
12,782.6
7,969.9
6,388.8
1,581.1
1,049.7
298.8
1,614.1
736.2
996.1
130.8
–13.1

14,745.1
704.0
515.5
14,933.6
1,871.9
181.0
12,880.7
8,036.2
6,443.7
1,592.4
1,059.5
303.8
1,640.1
719.6
1,002.2
133.4
–14.2

14,861.0
......................
......................
......................
1,890.6
......................
......................
8,101.2
6,497.1
1,604.1
1,081.0
309.5
......................
727.4
1,009.3
133.5
–13.7

14,232.5

13,939.9 ......................

14,102.1

14,282.2

14,447.6

14,564.1 ......................

r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third quarter of 2010.

Table 10. Personal Income and Its Disposition
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009

2010 r

2009
IV

Personal income 1 .........................................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received........................................................................
Wage and salary disbursements..............................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries ........................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments ...
Farm ........................................................................................................................
Nonfarm ...................................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment.................................
Personal income receipts on assets ............................................................................
Personal interest income .........................................................................................
Personal dividend income........................................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts................................................................................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance, domestic..................................
Less: Personal current taxes ...........................................................................................
Equals: Disposable personal income..........................................................................
Less: Personal outlays ....................................................................................................
Equals: Personal saving ...............................................................................................
Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income ...............................
Addenda:
Personal income excluding current transfer receipts, billions of chained (2005)
dollars 2....................................................................................................................
Disposable personal income, billions of chained (2005) dollars 2 ...............................

2010
I

II

III r

IV r

12,391.1
8,065.8
6,559.0
1,506.8
1,102.0
50.8
1,051.2
222.0
2,109.3
1,314.7
794.6
1,879.2
987.2
1,438.2
10,952.9
10,505.0
447.9
4.1

12,174.9
7,806.7
6,274.1
1,532.6
1,011.9
30.5
981.5
274.0
1,919.7
1,222.3
697.4
2,132.8
970.3
1,140.0
11,034.9
10,379.6
655.3
5.9

12,544.6
7,991.3
6,405.3
1,586.1
1,055.3
44.9
1,010.3
301.2
1,906.4
1,193.7
712.6
2,294.8
1,004.4
1,167.1
11,377.5
10,721.8
655.7
5.8

12,239.0
7,831.4
6,284.9
1,546.5
1,022.1
36.2
985.9
282.8
1,889.2
1,205.8
683.4
2,188.2
974.8
1,117.2
11,121.7
10,505.7
616.0
5.5

12,350.3
7,858.1
6,291.4
1,566.7
1,030.7
36.8
994.0
292.7
1,911.1
1,208.7
702.4
2,245.5
987.8
1,134.7
11,215.6
10,603.9
611.8
5.5

12,517.1
7,969.9
6,388.8
1,581.1
1,049.7
38.9
1,010.8
298.8
1,914.4
1,205.3
709.2
2,286.1
1,001.9
1,149.1
11,368.0
10,663.7
704.3
6.2

12,595.5
8,036.2
6,443.7
1,592.4
1,059.5
48.5
1,011.0
303.8
1,889.7
1,174.7
715.0
2,316.4
1,010.2
1,178.2
11,417.3
10,736.3
681.0
6.0

12,715.3
8,101.2
6,497.1
1,604.1
1,081.0
55.5
1,025.6
309.5
1,910.2
1,186.3
723.8
2,331.1
1,017.6
1,206.2
11,509.1
10,883.2
626.0
5.4

9,638.5
10,042.9

9,191.1
10,099.8

9,223.7
10,238.5

9,109.7
10,080.4

9,111.7
10,113.3

9,226.6
10,251.9

9,252.1
10,276.6

9,304.4
10,312.3

r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third quarter of 2010.
1. Personal income is also equal to national income less corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, contributions for government social insurance, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, current surplus of government enterprises, and wage accruals less disbursements, plus personal income receipts
on assets, and personal current transfer receipts.
2. The current-dollar measure is deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.

Appendix Table A. Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Aggregates and Price Indexes: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2009 2010

r

2007
I

Gross domestic product (GDP) and related aggregates:
GDP....................................................................................
0.0 –2.6
2.8
Goods................................................................................. –0.5 –3.8 11.0
Services..............................................................................
1.5 –0.2
0.8
Structures ........................................................................... –7.9 –16.6 –7.2
Motor vehicle output ........................................................... –18.6 –24.7 25.9
GDP excluding motor vehicle output ..................................
0.5 –2.1
2.4
Final sales of computers 1 .................................................. 26.5
5.0 18.5
GDP excluding final sales of computers............................. –0.1 –2.7
2.8
Farm gross value added 2 .................................................. 13.3
6.1
2.7
Nonfarm business gross value added 3 .............................. –1.1 –3.8
3.7
Gross domestic income 4 ................................................... –0.8 –2.9 ..........
Price indexes:
GDP....................................................................................
2.2
0.9
1.0
GDP excluding food and energy 5 ......................................
2.3
0.8
1.2
GDP excluding final sales of computers.............................
2.3
1.0
1.0
Gross domestic purchases.................................................
3.2 –0.2
1.3
5
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy ....
2.6
0.7
1.1
Gross domestic purchases excluding final sales of
computers to domestic purchasers.................................
3.3 –0.1
1.4
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)........................
3.3
0.2
1.7
PCE excluding food and energy 5 .......................................
2.3
1.5
1.3
Market-based PCE 6...........................................................
3.4
0.3
1.6
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 6 ................
2.3
1.9
1.1

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

II

2010
III

IV

I

0.9
3.2
2.3
2.9 –0.7
0.6 –4.0 –6.8 –4.9 –0.7
1.6
5.0
3.7
2.0
6.3
3.3
9.6 –1.2 –0.1 –10.8 –18.6 –2.4 –0.4
6.8 23.9 19.5
1.5
2.0
3.0
2.5
1.5
1.1 –0.2
0.0 –1.5
0.8 –0.2
0.8
0.0
–5.5
3.1 –4.7 –10.9 –12.3 –0.2 –9.4 –16.9 –31.9 –13.4 –0.1 –15.9 –15.2
10.2
4.4 –2.0 –14.6 –8.4 –35.1 –20.7 –58.0 –51.1 –2.0 145.5 13.7 42.3
0.6
3.2
2.4
3.5 –0.5
1.7 –3.6 –5.2 –3.8 –0.7
0.0
4.8
3.0
2.1 12.2 56.0 37.2 19.6 36.0
5.5 12.0
7.8 –10.5 –4.0 17.3 19.2
0.9
3.2
2.0
2.7 –0.8
0.4 –4.1 –6.9 –4.9 –0.6
1.6
5.0
3.7
–9.4 –15.6 –19.3 41.9 55.4 –14.5
6.7 13.8 16.3 –7.3 19.3 –13.9 –0.8
0.3
4.2
2.5
2.5 –2.5 –0.3 –6.2 –9.5 –6.4 –0.2
1.4
6.7
5.0
–2.3
0.2 –2.0
2.5
0.8 –2.5 –2.6 –6.9 –4.9 –1.6
0.0
6.7
4.1

II

III r

IV r

1.7
–0.8
1.9
10.6
–2.7
1.8
5.3
1.7
24.6
1.6
2.7

2.6
2.8
7.4
7.8
1.8
1.0
–7.9
0.2
25.0 –13.1
2.1
3.2
65.1 61.4
2.3
2.5
5.8 –13.6
3.8
4.0
1.2 ..........

4.4
4.1
4.5
4.4
3.8

3.2
2.0
3.3
3.2
2.0

2.0
1.7
2.1
2.0
1.9

0.9
2.7
1.0
3.8
2.8

1.9
2.9
2.0
4.0
3.1

3.2
2.5
3.3
4.5
3.2

4.5
2.7
4.6
3.9
2.6

–1.2
–0.6
–1.1
–4.4
–0.4

1.1
0.3
1.2
–2.0
–0.2

0.3
0.8
0.4
0.6
0.8

0.7
0.6
0.9
1.4
0.4

–0.2
1.5
–0.2
2.1
1.5

1.0
1.7
1.0
2.1
1.6

1.9
1.0
2.0
0.1
0.8

2.1
0.6
2.2
0.7
0.4

0.4
1.2
0.5
2.1
1.2

4.6
4.0
2.9
3.7
2.5

3.3
3.5
1.7
3.7
1.6

2.2
2.3
2.2
2.0
1.7

3.9
4.2
2.8
4.5
2.9

4.1
3.9
2.6
4.1
2.5

4.6
4.6
2.6
4.5
2.1

4.1
4.4
2.2
5.2
2.8

–4.3
–5.8
0.6
–6.0
1.5

–1.9
–1.6
0.9
–1.1
1.9

0.7
1.9
2.3
1.9
2.3

1.5
2.9
1.5
3.0
1.3

2.1
2.7
2.1
2.2
1.4

2.2
2.1
1.2
1.7
0.7

0.1
0.0
1.0
–0.2
1.0

0.7
0.8
0.5
1.3
1.1

2.2
1.8
0.5
1.9
0.4

r Revised. Revisions include changes to series affected by the incorporation of revised wage and salary estimates for the third quarter of 2010.
1. For some components of final sales of computers, includes computer parts.
2. Farm output less intermediate goods and services purchased.
3. Consists of GDP less gross value added of farm, of households and institutions, and of general government.
4. Gross domestic income deflated by the implicit price deflator for gross domestic product.
5. Food excludes personal consumption expenditures for purchased meals and beverages, which are classified in food services.
6. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, financial services furnished without
payment) and the final consumption expenditures of nonprofit institutions serving households.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Explanatory Note: NIPA Measures of Quantities and Prices
Current-dollar GDP is a measure of the market value of goods, services, and structures produced
in the economy in a particular period. Changes in current-dollar GDP can be decomposed into quantity
and price components. Quantities, or “real” measures, and prices are expressed as index numbers with the
reference year -- at present, the year 2005 -- equal to 100.
Annual changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher formula that incorporates
weights from two adjacent years. (Quarterly changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher
formula that incorporates weights from two adjacent quarters; quarterly indexes are adjusted for
consistency to the annual indexes before percent changes are calculated.) For example, the 2007-08
annual percent change in real GDP uses prices for 2007 and 2008 as weights, and the 2007-08 annual
percent change in GDP prices uses quantities for 2007 and 2008 as weights. These annual changes are
“chained” (multiplied) together to form time series of quantity and price indexes. Percent changes in
Fisher indexes are not affected by the choice of reference year. (BEA also publishes a measure of the
price level known as the implicit price deflator (IPD), which is calculated as the ratio of the current-dollar
value to the corresponding chained-dollar value, multiplied by 100. The values of the IPD are very close
to the values of the corresponding "chain-type" price index.)
Index numbers of quantity and price indexes for GDP and its major components are presented in
this release in tables 5 and 6. Percent changes from the preceding period are presented in tables 1, 4, 7, 8,
and appendix table A. Contributions by major components to the percent change in real GDP are
presented in table 2.
Measures of real GDP and its major components are also presented in dollar-denominated form,
designated "chained (2005) dollar estimates." For most series, these estimates, which are presented in
table 3, are computed by multiplying the current-dollar value in 2005 by a corresponding quantity index
number and then dividing by 100. For example, if a current-dollar GDP component equaled $100 in 2005
and if real output for this component increased 10 percent in 2006, then the chained (2005) dollar value of
this component in 2006 would be $110 (= $100 x 110 / 100). Percent changes calculated from
chained-dollar estimates and from chain-type quantity indexes are the same; any differences will be small
and due to rounding.
Chained-dollar values for the detailed GDP components will not necessarily sum to the chained-dollar
estimate of GDP (or to any intermediate aggregate). This is because the relative prices used as weights
for any period other than the reference year differ from those of the reference year. A measure of the
extent of such differences is provided by a “residual” line, which indicates the difference between GDP
(or other major aggregate) and the sum of the most detailed components in the table. For periods close to
the reference year, when there usually has not been much change in the relative prices that are used as
weights, the residuals tend to be small, and the chained-dollar estimates can be used to approximate the
contributions to growth and to aggregate the detailed estimates. For periods further from the reference
year, the residuals tend to be larger, and the chained-dollar estimates are less useful for analyses of
contributions to growth. Thus, the contributions to percent change shown in table 2 provide a better
measure of the composition of GDP growth. In particular, for components for which relative prices are
changing rapidly, calculation of contributions using chained-dollar estimates may be misleading even just
a few years from the reference year.
Reference: “Chained-Dollar Indexes: Issues, Tips on Their Use, and Upcoming Changes,” November
2003 Survey, pp. 8-16.