Full text of Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) News Releases : Gross Domestic Product: First Quarter 2009 (Advance), BEA 09-17 : Full Release

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NEWS RELEASE

EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EDT, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 29, 2009
Lisa Mataloni:
(202) 606-5304
Recorded message: (202) 606-5306

BEA 09-17

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: FIRST QUARTER 2009 (ADVANCE)
Real gross domestic product -- the output of goods and services produced by labor and property
located in the United States -- decreased at an annual rate of 6.1 percent in the first quarter of 2009, (that
is, from the fourth quarter to the first quarter), according to advance estimates released by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis. In the fourth quarter, real GDP decreased 6.3 percent.
The Bureau emphasized that the first-quarter “advance” estimates are based on source data that
are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency (see the box on page 4). The firstquarter “preliminary” estimates, based on more comprehensive data, will be released on May 29, 2009.
The decrease in real GDP in the first quarter primarily reflected negative contributions from
exports, private inventory investment, equipment and software, nonresidential structures, and residential
fixed investment that were partly offset by a positive contribution from personal consumption
expenditures (PCE). Imports, which are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP, decreased.
The slightly smaller decrease in real GDP in the first quarter than in the fourth reflected an upturn
in PCE for durable and nondurable goods and a larger decrease in imports that were mostly offset by
larger decreases in private inventory investment and in nonresidential structures and a downturn in
federal government spending.
Motor vehicle output subtracted 1.36 percentage points from the first-quarter change in real GDP
after subtracting 2.01 percentage points from the fourth-quarter change. Final sales of computers added
0.05 percentage point to the first-quarter change in real GDP after subtracting 0.02 percentage point
from the fourth-quarter change.
NOTE.--Quarterly estimates are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual rates, unless otherwise
specified. Quarter-to-quarter dollar changes are differences between these published estimates. Percent
changes are calculated from unrounded data and are annualized. “Real” estimates are in chained (2000)
dollars. Price indexes are chain-type measures.
This news release is available on BEA’s Web site along with the Technical Note and Highlights
related to this release.
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-2-

Comprehensive Revision of the National Income and Product Accounts
BEA plans to release the results of the 13th comprehensive (or benchmark) revision of the national
income and product accounts (NIPAs), as part of the annual revision on July 31, 2009. More
information on the revision is available on BEA’s Web site at www.bea.gov/national/an1.htm, including
a link to an article in the March 2009 issue of the Survey of Current Business that discussed the changes
in definitions and presentation that will be implemented in the revision. An article in the May Survey
will describe changes in statistical methods, and the September Survey will contain an article that
describes the results of the revision in detail. The Web site also contains links to redesigned PCE table
stubs; other revised NIPA table stubs and press release stubs will be available in June.

The price index for gross domestic purchases, which measures prices paid by U.S. residents,
decreased 1.0 percent in the first quarter, compared with a decrease of 3.9 percent in the fourth.
Excluding food and energy prices, the price index for gross domestic purchases increased 1.4 percent in
the first quarter, compared with an increase of 1.2 percent in the fourth. The federal pay raise for
civilian and military personnel added 0.3 percentage point to the change in the first quarter gross
domestic purchases price index.
Real personal consumption expenditures increased 2.2 percent in the first quarter, in contrast to a
decrease of 4.3 percent in the fourth. Durable goods increased 9.4 percent, in contrast to a decrease of
22.1 percent. Nondurable goods increased 1.3 percent, in contrast to a decrease of 9.4 percent. Services
increased 1.5 percent, the same increase as in the fourth.
Real nonresidential fixed investment decreased 37.9 percent in the first quarter, compared with a
decrease of 21.7 percent in the fourth. Nonresidential structures decreased 44.2 percent, compared with
a decrease of 9.4 percent. Equipment and software decreased 33.8 percent, compared with a decrease of
28.1 percent. Real residential fixed investment decreased 38.0 percent, compared with a decrease of
22.8 percent.
Real exports of goods and services decreased 30.0 percent in the first quarter, compared with a
decrease of 23.6 percent in the fourth. Real imports of goods and services decreased 34.1 percent,
compared with a decrease of 17.5 percent.
Real federal government consumption expenditures and gross investment decreased 4.0 percent in
the first quarter, in contrast to an increase of 7.0 percent in the fourth. National defense decreased 6.4
percent, in contrast to an increase of 3.4 percent. Nondefense increased 1.3 percent, compared with an
increase of 15.3 percent. Real state and local government consumption expenditures and gross
investment decreased 3.9 percent, compared with a decrease of 2.0 percent.
The real change in private inventories subtracted 2.79 percentage points from the first-quarter
change in real GDP after subtracting 0.11 percentage point from the fourth-quarter change. Private
businesses decreased inventories $103.7 billion in the first quarter, following decreases of $25.8 billion
in the fourth quarter and $29.6 billion in the third.

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-3Real final sales of domestic product -- GDP less change in private inventories -- decreased 3.4
percent in the first quarter, compared with a decrease of 6.2 percent in the fourth.

Gross domestic purchases
Real gross domestic purchases -- purchases by U.S. residents of goods and services wherever
produced -- decreased 7.8 percent in the first quarter, compared with a decrease of 5.9 percent in the
fourth.

Disposition of personal income
Current-dollar personal income decreased $59.9 billion (2.0 percent) in the first quarter, compared
with a decrease of $42.9 billion (1.4 percent) in the fourth.
Personal current taxes decreased $193.5 billion in the first quarter, in contrast to an increase of
$19.7 billion in the fourth.
Disposable personal income increased $133.6 billion (5.1 percent) in the first quarter, in contrast
to a decrease of $62.6 billion (2.3 percent) in the fourth. Real disposable personal income increased 6.2
percent, compared with an increase of 2.7 percent.
Personal outlays increased $18.1 billion (0.7 percent) in the first quarter, in contrast to a decrease
of $260.2 billion (9.5 percent) in the fourth. Personal saving -- disposable personal income less personal
outlays -- was $453.0 billion in the first quarter, compared with $337.4 billion in the fourth. The
personal saving rate -- saving as a percentage of disposable personal income -- was 4.2 percent in the
first quarter, compared with 3.2 percent in the fourth. For a comparison of personal saving in BEA’s
national income and product accounts with personal saving in the Federal Reserve Board’s flow of funds
accounts and data on changes in net worth, go to http://www.bea.gov/bea/dn/nipaweb/Nipa-Frb.asp.

Current-dollar GDP
Current-dollar GDP -- the market value of the nation's output of goods and services -- decreased
3.5 percent, or $124.8 billion, in the first quarter to a level of $14,075.5 billion. In the fourth quarter,
current-dollar GDP decreased 5.8 percent, or $212.5 billion.

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-4-

Information on the assumptions used for unavailable source data is provided in a technical note
that is posted with the news release on BEA's Web site. Within a few days after the release, a detailed
"Key Source Data and Assumptions" file is posted on the Web site. In the middle of each month, an
analysis of the current quarterly estimates of GDP and related series is made available on the Web site;
click on Survey of Current Business, "GDP and the Economy."

*

*

*

BEA's national, international, regional, and industry estimates; the Survey of Current Business;
and BEA news releases are available without charge on BEA's Web site at www.bea.gov. By visiting the
site, you can also subscribe to receive free e-mail summaries of BEA releases and announcements.

*

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*

Next release – May 29, 2009, at 8:30 A.M. EDT for:
Gross Domestic Product: First Quarter 2009 (Preliminary)
Corporate Profits: First Quarter 2009

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-5Comparisons of Revisions to GDP

Quarterly estimates of GDP are released on the following schedule: “Advance” estimates, based on source
data that are incomplete or subject to further revision by the source agency, are released near the end of the first
month after the end of the quarter; as more detailed and more comprehensive data become available,
“preliminary” and “final” estimates are released near the end of the second and third months, respectively. The
“latest” estimates reflect the results of both annual and comprehensive revisions.
Annual revisions, which cover the quarters of the 3 most recent calendar years, are usually carried out each
summer and incorporate newly available major annual source data. Comprehensive (or benchmark) revisions are
carried out at about 5-year intervals and incorporate major periodic source data, as well as improvements in
concepts and methods that update the accounts to portray more accurately the evolving U.S. economy.
The table below shows comparisons of the revisions between quarterly percent changes of current-dollar
and real GDP for the different vintages of the estimates. From the advance estimate to the preliminary estimate
(one month later), the average revision to real GDP without regard to sign is 0.5 percentage point, while from the
advance estimate to the final estimate (two months later), it is 0.6 percentage point. From the advance estimate to
the latest estimate, the average revision without regard to sign is 1.2 percentage points. The average revision
(with regard to sign) from the advance estimate to the latest estimate is 0.3 percentage point, which is larger than
the average revisions from the advance estimate to the preliminary or to the final estimates. The larger average
revisions to the latest estimate reflect the fact that comprehensive revisions include major improvements, such as
the introduction of chain indexes and the capitalization of software. The quarterly estimates correctly indicate the
direction of change of real GDP 98 percent of the time, correctly indicate whether GDP is accelerating or
decelerating 74 percent of the time, and correctly indicate whether real GDP growth is above, near, or below trend
growth more than three-fifths of the time.
Revisions Between Quarterly Percent Changes of GDP: Vintage Comparisons
[Annual rates]
Vintages
compared

Average

Average without
regard to sign

Standard deviation of
revisions without regard
to sign

Current-dollar GDP
Advance to preliminary.....
Advance to final................
Preliminary to final...........

0.2
.2
.0

0.5
.7
.3

0.4
.4
.2

Advance to latest...............

.4

1.1

.9

Real GDP
Advance to preliminary.....
Advance to final................
Preliminary to final...........

0.1
.1
.0

0.5
.6
.3

0.4
.4
.2

Advance to latest...............

.3

1.2

1.0

NOTE.--These comparisons are based on the period from 1983 through 2004.

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Table 1. Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

2008

2005
II

III

2006
IV

I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

Gross domestic product (GDP)................
2.8
2.0
1.1
2.6
3.8
1.3
4.8
2.7
0.8
1.5
0.1
4.8
4.8 –0.2
0.9
2.8 –0.5 –6.3 –6.1
Personal consumption expenditures..................
3.0
2.8
0.2
3.6
3.7
1.4
4.3
2.8
2.2
3.7
3.9
2.0
2.0
1.0
0.9
1.2 –3.8 –4.3
2.2
Durable goods ....................................................
4.5
4.8 –4.3 12.1
5.4 –11.7 18.9
1.8
3.5
4.2
9.2
5.0
2.3
0.4 –4.3 –2.8 –14.8 –22.1
9.4
Nondurable goods ..............................................
3.7
2.5 –0.6
4.2
3.0
4.7
4.4
3.1
2.3
3.1
3.5
1.9
1.2
0.3 –0.4
3.9 –7.1 –9.4
1.3
Services..............................................................
2.5
2.6
1.5
1.7
3.8
2.5
1.6
2.8
2.0
3.9
3.1
1.4
2.4
1.4
2.4
0.7 –0.1
1.5
1.5
Gross private domestic investment ....................
2.1 –5.4 –6.7 –5.1
4.0 12.2
6.2 –0.4 –5.3 –15.0 –9.6
6.2
3.5 –11.9 –5.8 –11.5
0.4 –23.0 –51.8
Fixed investment .................................................
1.9 –3.1 –5.0
7.6
5.3
2.3
8.3 –2.5 –4.8 –7.6 –3.4
3.0 –0.9 –6.2 –5.6 –1.7 –5.3 –22.0 –37.9
Nonresidential .................................................
7.5
4.9
1.6
6.3
6.1
3.7 15.9
6.4
5.3 –1.0
3.4 10.3
8.7
3.4
2.4
2.5 –1.7 –21.7 –37.9
Structures....................................................
8.2 12.7 11.2 –1.3 –9.2
1.9 15.6 19.7 14.3
2.5 11.2 18.3 20.5
8.5
8.6 18.5
9.7 –9.4 –44.2
Equipment and software .............................
7.2
1.7 –3.0
9.2 12.2
4.4 16.3
1.7
2.0 –2.4
0.0
6.9
3.6
1.0 –0.6 –5.0 –7.5 –28.1 –33.8
Residential ......................................................
–7.1 –17.9 –20.8
9.7
4.0
0.2 –3.6 –16.6 –21.4 –19.5 –16.2 –11.5 –20.6 –27.0 –25.1 –13.3 –16.0 –22.8 –38.0
Change in private inventories ............................. ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ...........
Net exports of goods and services..................... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ........... .......... ...........
Exports ...............................................................
9.1
8.4
6.2
8.8
0.4 10.9 16.7
5.5
3.5 15.6
0.6
8.8 23.0
4.4
5.1 12.3
3.0 –23.6 –30.0
Goods .............................................................
9.9
7.5
6.0 14.5 –0.8 13.2 18.1
6.7
3.6 10.4
2.1
6.9 21.8
5.1
4.5 16.3
3.7 –32.0 –38.7
Services ..........................................................
7.2 10.5
6.6 –2.8
3.2
5.7 13.4
2.7
3.2 28.6 –2.7 13.3 25.9
2.7
6.4
3.8
1.4 –1.5 –9.3
Imports................................................................
6.0
2.2 –3.5
0.6
0.8 15.3 10.3
0.1
3.1
2.0
7.7 –3.7
3.0 –2.3 –0.8 –7.3 –3.5 –17.5 –34.1
Goods .............................................................
6.0
1.7 –4.1
0.7
1.1 17.0
9.0
0.5
3.8 –0.8
8.4 –4.0
2.4 –2.6 –2.0 –7.1 –4.7 –19.6 –39.4
Services ..........................................................
6.0
4.4
0.2
0.0 –1.0
6.8 17.7 –2.0 –0.3 18.4
4.2 –2.0
6.3 –0.9
5.5 –8.0
3.3 –6.7 –5.6
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment ..............................................
1.7
2.1
2.9
0.9
3.4 –1.7
3.9
1.2
1.7
1.6
0.9
3.9
3.8
0.8
1.9
3.9
5.8
1.3 –3.9
Federal................................................................
2.3
1.6
6.0
1.1
9.7 –7.2 10.0 –1.5
1.9
1.8 –3.6
6.7
7.2 –0.5
5.8
6.6 13.8
7.0 –4.0
National defense .............................................
1.6
2.5
7.2
4.0 12.3 –14.2
8.8
1.9 –0.9
7.0 –5.9
8.5 10.2 –0.9
7.3
7.3 18.0
3.4 –6.4
Nondefense.....................................................
3.6 –0.2
3.6 –4.5
4.4
8.9 12.4 –8.1
7.7 –8.1
1.2
3.1
1.2
0.4
2.9
5.0
5.1 15.3
1.3
State and local ....................................................
1.3
2.3
1.1
0.8 –0.1
1.6
0.5
2.9
1.6
1.5
3.6
2.4
1.9
1.6 –0.3
2.5
1.3 –2.0 –3.9
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product ..........................
2.8
2.4
1.4
4.8
4.1 –0.3
5.1
2.3
0.9
2.9
1.1
4.3
4.0
0.8
0.9
4.4 –1.3 –6.2 –3.4
Gross domestic purchases .................................
2.6
1.4 –0.3
1.7
3.7
2.5
4.5
2.0
0.9
0.2
1.2
2.9
2.6 –1.0
0.1 –0.1 –1.5 –5.9 –7.8
Final sales to domestic purchasers ....................
2.6
1.8
0.0
3.7
3.9
1.0
4.8
1.6
1.0
1.5
2.2
2.5
1.9 –0.1
0.1
1.3 –2.3 –5.8 –5.1
Gross national product (GNP) ............................
2.6
2.2
1.3
2.2
4.1
0.4
4.9
2.8
0.2
2.0 –0.3
4.4
6.3
1.3
0.1
2.1 –0.2 –5.6 ...........
Disposable personal income...............................
3.5
2.8
1.3
2.5 –1.3
7.5
5.1
1.3
2.3
5.8
4.4 –0.6
3.1
0.6 –0.7 10.7 –8.5
2.7
6.2
Current-dollar measures:
GDP ................................................................
6.1
4.8
3.3
4.8
8.1
5.1
8.6
5.5
3.6
3.7
4.3
6.9
6.3
2.3
3.5
4.1
3.4 –5.8 –3.5
Final sales of domestic product ......................
6.1
5.2
3.6
7.0
8.4
3.5
8.8
5.1
3.7
5.2
5.3
6.4
5.6
3.6
3.6
5.6
2.6 –6.1 –0.7
Gross domestic purchases .............................
6.1
4.2
2.9
4.8
9.1
6.5
7.5
5.7
3.8
0.7
5.0
6.4
4.9
2.6
3.5
4.3
2.9 –9.6 –8.7
Final sales to domestic purchasers.................
6.1
4.6
3.2
6.9
9.4
5.0
7.8
5.3
3.9
2.1
5.9
5.9
4.2
3.9
3.7
5.7
2.2 –9.9 –6.1
GNP ................................................................
5.9
4.9
3.5
4.4
8.4
4.2
8.7
5.6
3.0
4.1
4.0
6.4
7.9
3.9
2.6
3.4
3.7 –5.0 ...........
Disposable personal income ...........................
6.4
5.5
4.6
5.1
3.4 11.1
6.9
4.6
5.4
5.3
7.9
3.0
5.7
4.9
2.9 15.4 –3.9 –2.3
5.1
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 2. Contributions to Percent Change in Real Gross Domestic Product
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

2008

2005
II

Percent change at annual rate:
Gross domestic product ...............................
Percentage points at annual rates:
Personal consumption expenditures...............
Durable goods................................................
Motor vehicles and parts..............................
Furniture and household equipment ............
Other ............................................................
Nondurable goods .........................................
Food .............................................................
Clothing and shoes ......................................
Gasoline, fuel oil, and other energy goods...
Other ............................................................
Services..........................................................
Housing........................................................
Household operation....................................
Electricity and gas ....................................
Other household operation.......................
Transportation ..............................................
Medical care.................................................
Recreation....................................................
Other ............................................................
Gross private domestic investment .................
Fixed investment............................................
Nonresidential ..............................................
Structures.................................................
Equipment and software ..........................
Information processing equipment and
software ............................................
Computers and peripheral
equipment .....................................
Software............................................
Other.................................................
Industrial equipment .............................
Transportation equipment.....................
Other equipment...................................
Residential ...................................................
Change in private inventories.......................
Farm.............................................................
Nonfarm .......................................................
Net exports of goods and services..................
Exports ...........................................................
Goods ..........................................................
Services .......................................................
Imports ...........................................................
Goods ..........................................................
Services .......................................................
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment ...........................................
Federal ............................................................
National defense ..........................................
Consumption expenditures.......................
Gross investment .....................................
Nondefense..................................................
Consumption expenditures.......................
Gross investment .....................................
State and local ...............................................
Consumption expenditures.......................
Gross investment .....................................
Addenda:
Goods ..............................................................
Services...........................................................
Structures ........................................................
Motor vehicle output ........................................
Final sales of computers..................................
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

2.8

2.0

1.1

2.6

2.13
0.36
–0.09
0.35
0.10
0.74
0.38
0.16
–0.05
0.25
1.02
0.34
–0.02
–0.05
0.03
0.05
0.31
0.09
0.24
0.35
0.32
0.77
0.23
0.54

1.95
0.38
0.07
0.24
0.08
0.50
0.18
0.13
0.02
0.17
1.07
0.16
0.07
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.35
0.13
0.31
–0.90
–0.50
0.52
0.40
0.13

0.16
–0.33
–0.42
0.10
–0.01
–0.13
–0.02
0.01
–0.14
0.02
0.62
0.10
–0.01
–0.04
0.02
–0.02
0.43
–0.02
0.14
–1.02
–0.76
0.17
0.39
–0.22

2.50
0.95
0.53
0.29
0.13
0.83
0.29
0.27
0.09
0.17
0.72
0.36
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.37
0.02
–0.08
–0.86
1.21
0.64
–0.04
0.68

0.32

0.34

0.18

0.31

0.15
0.06
0.11
0.07
0.09
0.05
–0.45
0.03
–0.03
0.06
–0.02
0.96
0.73
0.23
–0.98
–0.82
–0.16

0.11
0.15
0.08
0.02
–0.17
–0.07
–1.02
–0.40
0.04
–0.44
0.58
0.95
0.59
0.36
–0.37
–0.25
–0.12

0.05
0.08
0.05
–0.06
–0.32
–0.02
–0.93
–0.26
0.02
–0.28
1.40
0.76
0.51
0.25
0.64
0.65
–0.01

0.32
0.16
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.08
0.05
0.03
0.16
0.16
0.00

0.40
0.11
0.12
0.11
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.28
0.20
0.09

0.57
0.43
0.35
0.27
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.02
0.14
0.13
0.01

0.17
0.08
0.18
0.06
0.12
–0.11
–0.12
0.01
0.10
0.02
0.08

1.67
1.35
–0.24
–0.03
0.15

0.97
1.61
–0.55
–0.03
0.13

0.31
1.32
–0.52
–0.50
0.12

1.49
0.59
0.54
0.24
0.22

III
3.8

2006
IV

I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

1.3

4.8

2.7

0.8

1.5

0.1

4.8

4.8

–0.2

0.9

2.8

–0.5

–6.3

–6.1

2.59 0.94
0.44 –1.02
0.15 –1.59
0.37 0.41
–0.08 0.17
0.59 0.93
0.45 0.37
0.00 0.35
0.02 –0.04
0.11 0.25
1.55 1.02
0.39 0.35
0.15 –0.01
0.12 –0.04
0.04 0.03
0.02 0.01
0.48 0.39
0.04 0.04
0.46 0.24
0.69 1.98
0.88 0.41
0.64 0.40
–0.26 0.05
0.90 0.35

2.86
1.37
0.53
0.55
0.29
0.85
0.50
0.18
–0.17
0.33
0.64
0.37
–0.42
–0.42
0.01
0.08
0.37
0.08
0.16
1.15
1.39
1.62
0.42
1.20

1.88
0.14
0.06
0.15
–0.06
0.62
0.43
0.02
–0.11
0.27
1.12
0.31
0.26
0.20
0.06
0.08
0.15
0.04
0.27
–0.02
–0.40
0.71
0.54
0.16

1.52
0.27
0.06
0.20
0.00
0.46
0.10
0.14
0.03
0.19
0.79
0.25
0.10
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.07
0.18
0.15
–0.92
–0.81
0.59
0.42
0.17

2.55
0.33
0.01
0.23
0.09
0.62
0.20
0.12
0.03
0.26
1.61
0.22
0.03
–0.01
0.04
0.10
0.35
0.36
0.55
–2.68
–1.27
–0.09
0.08
–0.18

2.71
0.71
0.30
0.34
0.07
0.71
0.12
0.25
0.13
0.22
1.29
0.12
0.08
0.07
0.00
0.03
0.63
0.06
0.37
–1.63
–0.57
0.33
0.35
–0.02

1.42
0.40
0.05
0.17
0.17
0.40
0.27
0.08
–0.07
0.12
0.62
0.09
0.02
–0.04
0.06
0.04
0.13
0.08
0.27
0.94
0.47
1.07
0.57
0.50

1.44
0.19
–0.22
0.26
0.15
0.25
0.03
0.12
–0.01
0.11
1.00
0.08
0.06
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.45
0.07
0.28
0.54
–0.15
0.91
0.65
0.26

0.67
0.03
–0.03
0.11
–0.06
0.05
0.27
–0.09
–0.05
–0.08
0.59
0.12
0.09
0.01
0.08
–0.02
0.48
–0.01
–0.08
–1.93
–0.97
0.36
0.29
0.07

0.61
–0.33
–0.35
0.05
–0.04
–0.08
0.13
0.08
–0.18
–0.10
1.02
0.05
0.07
0.11
–0.05
0.04
0.59
–0.14
0.40
–0.89
–0.86
0.26
0.30
–0.04

0.87
–0.21
–0.64
0.39
0.04
0.80
0.40
0.28
–0.20
0.33
0.28
0.18
–0.17
–0.19
0.02
–0.08
0.35
0.04
–0.03
–1.74
–0.25
0.27
0.64
–0.37

–2.75
–1.16
–0.83
–0.25
–0.08
–1.57
–0.75
–0.38
–0.45
0.01
–0.03
0.08
–0.33
–0.38
0.05
–0.06
0.31
–0.04
0.02
0.06
–0.79
–0.19
0.36
–0.55

–2.99
–1.67
–1.13
–0.25
–0.29
–1.97
–1.52
–0.24
0.23
–0.43
0.66
0.04
0.31
0.29
0.02
–0.17
0.38
–0.03
0.14
–3.47
–3.36
–2.56
–0.38
–2.18

1.50
0.61
0.44
0.12
0.05
0.26
–0.08
0.10
0.13
0.12
0.63
–0.01
0.32
0.31
0.01
–0.14
0.25
0.07
0.14
–8.83
–6.04
–4.68
–2.13
–2.55

0.61

0.15

0.34

0.37

0.27

0.30

–0.16

–0.92

–0.69

0.36

0.33

0.12
0.09
0.16
0.04
0.03
0.23
–0.04 0.19
0.24
0.31
0.17
0.04
0.57
0.25
–2.07 –0.19
0.14
0.19
–2.20 –0.39
0.79 –0.07
0.89
0.04
0.98 –0.06
–0.09 0.10
–0.10 –0.11
–0.10 –0.14
0.00
0.03

0.22
0.10
0.02
0.19
–0.24
0.07
0.01
1.56
–0.15
1.71
–1.26
1.09
0.91
0.18
–2.35
–2.18
–0.17

0.04

0.57

0.41

0.31

0.16 0.17
0.03 0.02
0.41 –0.04
–0.07 0.25
0.52 –0.25
0.15 0.02
–0.23 –1.11
–0.24 0.38
0.02 –0.24
–0.26 0.62
0.09 0.59
1.70 0.58
1.27 0.49
0.42 0.09
–1.61 0.01
–1.18 –0.04
–0.43 0.05

0.13 0.02
0.07 0.14
0.14 –0.11
–0.12 –0.02
0.06 –0.15
–0.12 –0.05
–1.40 –1.18
–0.11 –1.41
0.00 0.12
–0.12 –1.52
–0.12 1.33
0.39 1.66
0.28 0.78
0.11 0.87
–0.51 –0.33
–0.51 0.13
0.01 –0.46

0.17
0.21
0.19
–0.10
–0.21
–0.28
–0.91
–1.06
–0.07
–0.99
–1.20
0.06
0.15
–0.09
–1.25
–1.14
–0.11

0.09
0.22
0.09
0.34
–0.32
0.07
–0.60
0.47
0.14
0.33
1.66
1.01
0.55
0.46
0.65
0.59
0.06

0.12
0.10
0.09
–0.04
–0.07
0.06
–1.06
0.69
–0.08
0.77
2.03
2.54
1.66
0.88
–0.51
–0.34
–0.17

0.12 0.10
0.16 0.16
0.10 0.00
–0.20 0.01
–0.18 –0.16
0.08 –0.16
–1.33 –1.12
–0.96 –0.02
0.47 –0.17
–1.43 0.15
0.94 0.77
0.53 0.63
0.43 0.39
0.10 0.24
0.40 0.14
0.38 0.29
0.02 –0.15

0.65 –0.34
0.66 –0.53
0.56 –0.73
0.45 –0.70
0.11 –0.02
0.10 0.20
0.03 0.10
0.07 0.10
–0.01 0.19
0.06 0.09
–0.07 0.10

0.72
0.66
0.39
0.40
–0.01
0.27
0.22
0.05
0.06
0.23
–0.18

0.23
–0.11
0.09
–0.02
0.11
–0.20
–0.14
–0.07
0.34
0.16
0.18

0.32
0.13
–0.04
0.00
–0.05
0.17
0.15
0.03
0.19
0.24
–0.05

0.30
0.12
0.32
0.14
0.18
–0.20
–0.20
0.01
0.18
0.23
–0.06

0.17
–0.26
–0.29
–0.08
–0.21
0.03
0.06
–0.04
0.43
0.20
0.24

0.77
0.47
0.40
0.28
0.12
0.07
0.02
0.05
0.30
0.17
0.13

0.75
0.51
0.48
0.45
0.03
0.03
0.03
–0.01
0.24
0.15
0.09

0.16
–0.04
–0.04
–0.06
0.02
0.01
–0.02
0.02
0.19
0.15
0.04

0.38
0.41
0.34
0.31
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.01
–0.03
0.14
–0.18

0.78
0.47
0.36
0.15
0.21
0.11
0.08
0.03
0.31
0.12
0.19

1.14
0.97
0.85
0.72
0.14
0.12
0.11
0.00
0.17
0.11
0.06

0.26
0.52
0.18
0.17
0.01
0.34
0.21
0.14
–0.25
0.00
–0.25

–0.81
–0.32
–0.35
–0.24
–0.10
0.03
0.12
–0.09
–0.49
–0.05
–0.44

1.68
2.23
–0.06
0.76
0.07

3.40
1.48
–0.07
0.59
0.16

1.84
1.26
–0.42
–0.34
0.15

0.51
1.29
–1.00
0.40
0.04

0.42
2.19
–1.10
–0.65
0.20

–0.80
1.26
–0.41
0.10
–0.03

3.08
1.61
0.09
0.13
0.21

2.71
2.35
–0.30
0.47
0.28

0.01
0.79
–0.97
–0.86
0.14

0.29
1.62
–1.03
–0.41
0.05

1.49
1.02
0.32
–1.01
0.17

–1.29
0.87
–0.09
0.16
–0.01

–6.16
1.17
–1.35
–2.01
–0.02

–2.47
0.23
–3.91
–1.36
0.05

0.65
0.52
0.15
–1.22
0.21

0.08 –0.16
0.04 –0.08
0.18 0.08
–0.05 –0.12
–0.58 –0.47
–0.04 0.20
–0.52 –0.60
–1.50 0.84
–0.14 0.01
–1.36 0.83
2.93 1.05
1.54 0.40
1.39 0.34
0.15 0.06
1.39 0.65
1.14 0.74
0.25 –0.09

–0.28 –0.10
–0.23 –0.28
–0.42 –0.31
–0.19 –0.70
–0.75 –0.65
–0.31 –0.50
–0.80 –1.36
–0.11 –2.79
0.06 0.05
–0.17 –2.84
–0.15 1.99
–3.44 –4.06
–3.38 –3.68
–0.06 –0.38
3.29 6.05
3.09 5.89
0.20 0.16

Table 3. Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Level and Change From Preceding Period
Billions of current dollars

Billions of chained (2000) dollars

Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2008

2008

Change from
preceding period

Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2009

2008

2008

2009

2008

2009

2008
I
Gross domestic product ..................................
Personal consumption expenditures .....................
Durable goods ......................................................
Motor vehicles and parts.....................................
Furniture and household equipment...................
Other...................................................................
Nondurable goods................................................
Food....................................................................
Clothing and shoes .............................................
Gasoline, fuel oil, and other energy goods .........
Other...................................................................
Services.................................................................
Housing...............................................................
Household operation...........................................
Electricity and gas...........................................
Other household operation .............................
Transportation .....................................................
Medical care .......................................................
Recreation ..........................................................
Other...................................................................
Gross private domestic investment........................
Fixed investment ..................................................
Nonresidential.....................................................
Structures........................................................
Equipment and software .................................
Information processing equipment and
software ...................................................
Computers and peripheral equipment .....
Software ..................................................
Other .......................................................
Industrial equipment....................................
Transportation equipment............................
Other equipment .........................................
Residential ..........................................................
Change in private inventories .............................
Farm ...................................................................
Nonfarm ..............................................................
Net exports of goods and services ........................
Exports ..................................................................
Goods .................................................................
Services..............................................................
Imports ..................................................................
Goods .................................................................
Services..............................................................
Government consumption expenditures and
gross investment ..................................................
Federal...................................................................
National defense.................................................
Consumption expenditures .............................
Gross investment ............................................
Nondefense ........................................................
Consumption expenditures .............................
Gross investment ............................................
State and local ......................................................
Consumption expenditures .............................
Gross investment ............................................
Residual .....................................................................
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product ..............................
Gross domestic purchases .....................................
Final sales to domestic purchasers ........................
Gross domestic product ......................................
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world ....
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world .....
Equals: Gross national product ..........................

II

III

IV

I

I

II

III

IV

I

14,264.6 14,150.8 14,294.5 14,412.8 14,200.3 14,075.5 11,652.0 11,646.0 11,727.4 11,712.4 11,522.1 11,340.9
10,057.9 10,002.3 10,138.0 10,163.5 9,927.9 9,955.7 8,272.1 8,316.1 8,341.3 8,260.6 8,170.5 8,214.2
1,023.2 1,071.0 1,059.3 1,016.2
946.3
963.8 1,188.5 1,237.0 1,228.3 1,180.1 1,108.6 1,133.9
379.9
424.7
400.6
370.7
323.8
338.6
387.2
430.2
407.2
376.9
334.6
350.6
411.7
415.1
423.0
411.2
397.4
398.0
614.3
609.3
629.6
616.2
602.2
608.5
231.6
231.3
235.7
234.3
225.2
227.2
226.5
229.4
230.8
228.1
217.7
219.6
2,965.1 2,950.7 3,026.2 3,044.6 2,839.0 2,810.8 2,378.4 2,397.9 2,420.7 2,376.3 2,318.6 2,326.2
1,399.2 1,380.5 1,416.3 1,418.4 1,381.7 1,382.1 1,109.3 1,122.4 1,133.6 1,112.3 1,069.0 1,066.9
373.6
375.5
382.4
374.4
362.1
368.7
414.5
416.3
427.2
412.2
402.3
406.1
411.8
423.7
441.8
463.6
318.1
268.1
189.2
194.0
190.8
184.1
187.9
190.9
780.5
771.1
785.7
788.2
777.1
791.8
689.3
684.8
695.1
695.5
681.6
685.1
6,069.6 5,980.6 6,052.5 6,102.7 6,142.5 6,181.1 4,714.3 4,704.3 4,712.1 4,711.3 4,729.4 4,746.5
1,513.7 1,495.1 1,508.8 1,520.9 1,529.7 1,535.5 1,182.4 1,177.3 1,182.3 1,184.5 1,185.6 1,185.2
553.0
541.7
554.5
555.8
559.9
568.2
420.1
425.9
421.3
412.4
420.6
429.1
232.3
228.1
236.3
231.9
233.0
239.8
148.0
154.0
149.6
141.2
147.5
154.5
320.6
313.6
318.1
323.9
326.9
328.4
273.9
272.5
273.2
274.6
275.2
275.6
373.0
368.8
372.9
376.8
373.6
371.5
297.4
301.2
298.9
297.2
292.2
288.4
1,781.2 1,746.6 1,769.3 1,792.9 1,816.1 1,835.0 1,374.8 1,360.8 1,370.3 1,378.9 1,389.2 1,396.0
412.6
408.2
412.3
415.8
413.9
417.9
332.2
332.3
333.4
332.1
331.2
333.2
1,436.1 1,420.2 1,434.6 1,440.4 1,449.3 1,453.1 1,105.5 1,105.0 1,104.0 1,104.6 1,108.4 1,112.1
1,993.5 2,056.1 2,000.9 2,010.9 1,906.1 1,579.8 1,689.1 1,754.7 1,702.0 1,703.7 1,596.0 1,329.8
2,040.5 2,081.7 2,077.0 2,060.6 1,942.7 1,716.6 1,718.9 1,762.4 1,754.9 1,731.1 1,627.0 1,444.3
1,552.8 1,553.6 1,571.9 1,581.2 1,504.3 1,332.4 1,405.4 1,423.1 1,431.8 1,425.7 1,341.1 1,190.6
553.4
522.7
549.8
572.4
568.4
487.2
338.8
326.4
340.5
348.4
339.9
293.9
999.4 1,030.9 1,022.1 1,008.8
935.8
845.1 1,047.0 1,088.6 1,074.7 1,054.0
970.5
875.3
535.8
89.8
240.5
205.5
180.6
112.2
170.8
487.7
–47.0
–2.4
–44.6
–669.2
1,859.4
1,283.1
576.3
2,528.6
2,115.2
413.4

539.6
95.8
241.8
202.0
182.0
142.1
167.3
528.1
–25.6
0.2
–25.8
–705.7
1,820.8
1,256.9
563.9
2,526.5
2,118.0
408.5

550.9
96.8
244.6
209.5
183.2
121.4
166.5
505.0
–76.0
–4.1
–71.9
–718.2
1,923.2
1,343.7
579.5
2,641.4
2,225.5
415.9

544.5
89.2
242.5
212.9
182.2
105.5
176.6
479.4
–49.7
–4.2
–45.5
–707.7
1,968.9
1,374.3
594.6
2,676.6
2,251.0
425.6

508.2
77.4
233.0
197.8
175.1
79.8
172.7
438.4
–36.6
–1.5
–35.0
–545.1
1,724.7
1,157.6
567.1
2,269.7
1,866.1
403.6

IV
128.1
19.3
–53.9
–59.5
20.3
–1.8
–14.2
–1.2
1.6
–8.9
2.0
68.1
10.7
–1.1
–3.1
3.0
–1.8
47.0
–2.8
15.6
–120.6
–89.6
22.5
34.2
–31.9

2,070.2
798.2
538.1
452.5
88.6
259.5
217.9
42.6
1,273.0
1,021.2
251.7
–161.8

2,039.1
772.6
518.9
439.7
81.0
253.2
213.5
40.5
1,266.7
1,017.6
249.0
–178.7

2,058.9
785.0
528.1
443.4
87.9
256.3
215.6
41.6
1,274.4
1,020.6
253.7
–191.6

2,088.1
810.8
550.4
461.5
92.6
259.5
218.5
41.8
1,278.7
1,023.4
255.2
–162.8

2,094.7
824.5
555.0
465.6
92.9
268.9
224.0
46.4
1,272.3
1,023.3
248.8
–114.0

11,681.0
12,035.2
12,063.6
11,652.0
647.2
536.3
11,762.3

11,653.7
12,105.8
12,113.3
11,646.0
690.9
575.2
11,760.9

11,778.8
12,102.6
12,153.0
11,727.4
667.2
571.6
11,822.2

11,739.2
12,057.8
12,084.1
11,712.4
653.9
548.5
11,817.3

11,552.2
11,874.5
11,904.0
11,522.1
576.7
450.0
11,648.7

11,452.3
11,637.2
11,747.7
11,340.9
..............
..............
..............

157.6
–31.6
–2.4
128.1
–72.7
–97.0
152.5

Net domestic product.............................................. 12,432.3 12,372.9 12,491.3 12,514.8 12,350.2 12,215.6 10,055.1 10,093.2 10,151.2 10,062.4

9,913.7

9,727.0

29.2

14,176.4
14,856.6
14,882.2
14,150.8
843.2
705.1
14,289.0

14,370.5
15,012.7
15,088.7
14,294.5
822.8
708.9
14,408.3

14,462.5
15,120.5
15,170.2
14,412.8
815.6
688.7
14,539.6

14,236.9
14,745.4
14,782.0
14,200.3
711.6
557.7
14,354.3

I
–181.2
43.7
25.3
16.0
6.3
1.9
7.6
–2.1
3.8
3.0
3.5
17.1
–0.4
8.5
7.0
0.4
–3.8
6.8
2.0
3.7
–266.2
–182.7
–150.5
–46.0
–95.2

480.9
685.0
689.6
702.9
695.5
651.8
619.8
31.1
–43.7
–32.0
72.1 .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............
222.3
248.4
251.0
252.3
249.5
240.8
230.2
11.4
–8.7
–10.6
186.5
226.1
223.6
230.6
233.6
216.6
204.5
8.1
–17.0
–12.1
149.5
149.2
153.4
152.0
148.6
142.8
122.1
–6.5
–5.8
–20.7
59.5
99.6
127.0
108.6
93.6
69.3
49.3
–39.8
–24.3
–20.0
155.3
146.3
146.5
145.3
151.5
141.9
127.1
–2.1
–9.6
–14.8
384.2
359.5
383.0
369.6
353.7
331.6
294.2
–94.3
–22.1
–37.4
–136.8
–29.0
–10.2
–50.6
–29.6
–25.8 –103.7
–26.5
3.8
–77.9
–0.2
3.6
6.0
2.4
2.2
3.7
5.0
2.6
1.5
1.3
–136.5
–34.3
–17.9
–55.1
–33.3
–31.1 –111.7
–30.6
2.2
–80.6
–337.7 –390.2 –462.0 –381.3 –353.1 –364.5 –308.4
156.3
–11.4
56.1
1,536.7 1,514.1 1,500.6 1,544.7 1,556.1 1,454.9 1,331.0
88.2 –101.2 –123.9
994.5 1,058.5 1,048.6 1,088.9 1,098.7
997.7
882.7
59.8 –101.0 –115.0
542.2
455.2
451.7
455.8
457.4
455.7
444.8
28.3
–1.7
–10.9
1,874.4 1,904.3 1,962.6 1,926.0 1,909.1 1,819.4 1,639.5
–68.1
–89.7 –179.9
1,491.0 1,608.1 1,662.0 1,631.6 1,612.2 1,526.8 1,347.0
–69.6
–85.4 –179.8
383.4
297.0
301.8
295.5
297.9
292.8
288.6
0.6
–5.1
–4.2

2,882.4 2,798.1 2,873.7 2,946.1 2,911.4 2,877.7
1,071.9 1,026.5 1,056.1 1,098.0 1,107.0 1,102.5
734.9
699.9
723.3
759.5
757.0
749.0
639.7
613.8
629.0
659.6
656.6
652.8
95.2
86.1
94.3
99.9
100.4
96.2
337.0
326.6
332.9
338.5
350.0
353.5
292.2
284.2
289.2
294.5
300.9
307.5
44.8
42.4
43.7
44.0
49.1
45.9
1,810.4 1,771.6 1,817.6 1,848.1 1,804.4 1,775.2
1,454.4 1,426.3 1,462.7 1,485.7 1,443.0 1,426.4
356.0
345.3
354.9
362.4
361.4
348.8
.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............
14,311.6
14,933.8
14,980.7
14,264.6
798.3
665.1
14,397.8

–190.3
–90.1
–71.5
–42.3
–14.0
–10.4
–57.7
–43.3
–9.9
3.8
–13.9
18.1
1.1
8.2
6.3
0.6
–5.0
10.3
–0.9
3.8
–107.7
–104.1
–84.6
–8.5
–83.5

14,212.3
14,413.2
14,550.0
14,075.5
..............
..............
..............

2,073.8
58.1
6.6
–20.9
816.1
45.3
13.7
–8.4
545.9
36.0
4.6
–9.1
459.4
26.7
4.1
–6.2
89.5
10.6
0.3
–3.4
269.8
9.1
9.4
0.9
227.2
6.2
5.5
3.2
43.4
3.3
4.6
–3.0
1,259.7
14.0
–6.4
–12.6
1,022.0
13.2
–0.1
–1.3
238.0
0.8
–6.4
–10.8
–128.5 .............. .............. ..............
–187.0
–99.9
–183.3 –237.3
–180.1 –156.3
–190.3 –181.2
–77.2 ..............
–98.5 ..............
–168.6 ..............
–148.7

–186.7

NOTE. Users are cautioned that particularly for components that exhibit rapid change in prices relative to other prices in the economy, the chained-dollar estimates should not be used to measure the component’s relative impor­
tance or its contribution to the growth rate of more aggregate series. For accurate estimates of the contributions to percent changes in real gross domestic product, use table 2.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 4. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product and Related Measures: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

2007

2008

2005
II

III

2006
IV

I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

Gross domestic product (GDP) ...............................
3.2
2.7
2.2
2.1
4.1
3.7
3.5
2.7
2.8
2.2
4.1
2.0
1.5
2.8
2.6
1.1
3.9
0.5
2.9
Personal consumption expenditures .................................
2.8
2.6
3.3
2.5
4.7
3.3
1.8
3.3
3.1 –0.5
3.4
3.6
2.5
4.3
3.6
4.3
5.0 –4.9 –1.0
Durable goods .................................................................... –1.3 –1.8 –1.2 –0.9 –3.1 –0.9 –0.9 –0.8 –1.3 –2.7 –1.8 –1.6 –1.9 –1.6 –0.1 –1.6 –0.6 –3.5 –1.7
Nondurable goods ..............................................................
3.0
3.0
5.3
2.0 11.2
2.3
0.3
4.9
4.4 –6.2
5.1
6.4
2.9
8.4
6.7
6.5 10.3 –16.6 –5.2
Services..............................................................................
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.5
3.3
4.7
3.0
3.3
3.3
2.8
3.6
3.3
3.1
3.5
2.8
4.2
3.4
1.1
1.1
Gross private domestic investment....................................
4.2
1.4
0.7
4.0
5.0
5.4
5.2
3.5
1.6
3.3
1.6 –0.3 –0.3
1.3 –0.5
0.4
2.0
4.4 –1.5
Fixed investment.................................................................
4.2
1.4
0.6
4.2
5.3
5.7
5.0
3.4
1.5
3.2
1.6 –0.2 –0.4
1.2 –0.2
0.8
2.3
1.2 –1.8
Nonresidential.................................................................
3.3
1.4
1.6
2.7
2.0
4.4
4.3
3.3
1.7
2.9
1.3
0.3 –0.6
1.7
0.6
2.3
4.2
4.6 –0.9
Structures.................................................................... 12.3
3.8
3.6 10.1 14.8 17.0 14.1 12.0
4.6
6.7
3.4
0.7
0.5
4.5
2.7
3.3
7.1
7.4 –3.4
Equipment and software .............................................
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.1 –2.3
0.2
0.7 –0.1
0.5
1.2
0.4
0.1 –1.2
0.4 –0.4
1.7
2.6
3.0
0.5
Residential ......................................................................
5.9
1.5 –2.4
6.8 11.0
7.8
6.4
3.7
1.2
3.9
2.2 –1.3
0.3
0.0 –2.6 –3.5 –3.3 –9.4 –4.8
Change in private inventories ............................................. ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Net exports of goods and services .................................... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ..........
Exports ...............................................................................
3.5
3.5
5.3
3.5
2.5
3.2
2.9
5.8
4.7 –0.8
3.6
5.3
3.5
6.2
9.1 10.8
6.7 –23.0 –10.0
Goods .............................................................................
3.3
3.5
5.3
3.0
1.3
2.2
3.0
6.2
5.2
0.0
3.3
5.1
2.8
6.0 10.0 12.3
5.6 –26.0 –11.1
Services..........................................................................
3.8
3.5
5.4
4.6
5.3
5.5
2.7
4.9
3.7 –2.6
4.3
5.9
5.2
6.6
6.9
7.5
9.3 –16.1 –7.9
Imports ...............................................................................
4.3
3.7 10.4
9.7 10.3
4.5 –1.1 10.3
5.0 –9.1
0.9 12.8
7.4 12.8 12.8 28.8
9.2 –37.3 –29.5
Goods .............................................................................
4.2
3.6 11.1 10.0 10.8
5.0 –2.0 10.4
5.4 –10.1
0.8 13.0
7.7 14.5 13.8 31.2
9.8 –41.3 –32.7
Services..........................................................................
4.8
3.7
7.1
7.9
7.8
2.0
4.1
9.9
3.2 –3.8
1.1 11.7
6.1
4.5
7.8 16.8
6.2 –13.3 –13.8
Government consumption expenditures and gross
investment.........................................................................
4.7
4.5
4.7
4.1
7.0
4.8
4.9
4.9
3.3
2.3
6.4
5.2
3.4
5.1
6.2
7.0
4.4 –5.8 –0.6
Federal ...............................................................................
4.1
3.4
3.2
1.7
3.1
0.8 10.2
4.1
1.2
0.9
7.6
3.7
0.9
2.3
5.6
5.1
2.7 –3.4
2.5
National defense.............................................................
4.5
3.5
3.6
1.8
3.2
1.3 10.9
4.4
1.5
0.7
7.0
4.3
1.6
3.1
5.1
6.3
3.1 –4.5
2.4
Nondefense ....................................................................
3.4
3.1
2.6
1.6
3.0 –0.1
8.9
3.5
0.5
1.2
8.8
2.6 –0.5
0.5
6.8
2.8
1.9 –0.9
2.7
State and local....................................................................
5.1
5.1
5.6
5.6
9.4
7.3
2.0
5.4
4.6
3.2
5.7
6.1
4.9
6.8
6.6
8.1
5.5 –7.3 –2.5
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product ..........................................
3.2
2.7
2.2
2.1
4.1
3.8
3.5
2.7
2.7
2.2
4.1
2.0
1.5
2.8
2.7
1.2
4.0
0.1
2.8
Gross domestic purchases.................................................
3.4
2.8
3.2
3.1
5.2
3.9
2.9
3.6
2.9
0.6
3.6
3.3
2.2
4.0
3.5
4.2
4.5 –3.9 –1.0
Final sales to domestic purchasers ....................................
3.4
2.8
3.2
3.1
5.2
4.0
2.8
3.6
2.9
0.6
3.7
3.3
2.2
4.0
3.5
4.3
4.5 –4.3 –1.0
Gross national product (GNP) ............................................
3.2
2.7
2.2
2.1
4.1
3.7
3.5
2.7
2.8
2.2
4.1
2.0
1.5
2.8
2.6
1.1
3.9
0.6 ..........
Implicit price deflators:
GDP ................................................................................
3.2
2.7
2.2
2.1
4.1
3.8
3.6
2.7
2.7
2.2
4.2
2.0
1.5
2.5
2.6
1.3
3.9
0.6
2.9
Gross domestic purchases .............................................
3.4
2.8
3.2
3.1
5.2
4.0
2.9
3.6
2.9
0.6
3.7
3.3
2.2
3.7
3.4
4.4
4.4 –3.8 –1.0
GNP ................................................................................
3.2
2.7
2.2
2.1
4.1
3.8
3.6
2.7
2.8
2.1
4.2
2.0
1.5
2.5
2.5
1.3
3.9
0.6 ..........
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 5. Real Gross Domestic Product, Quantity Indexes
[Index numbers, 2000=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2006

2007

2008

2008
I

II

2009
III

IV

I

Gross domestic product ....................................................................
115.054
117.388
118.692
118.631
119.460
119.308
117.369
115.523
Personal consumption expenditures...............................................................
119.135
122.456
122.743
123.395
123.770
122.572
121.235
121.883
Durable goods..................................................................................................
137.274
143.908
137.666
143.284
142.273
136.695
128.413
131.339
Nondurable goods............................................................................................
119.930
122.872
122.143
123.147
124.317
122.035
119.071
119.463
Services ...........................................................................................................
115.298
118.259
119.992
119.739
119.937
119.916
120.376
120.811
Gross private domestic investment .................................................................
110.200
104.278
97.328
101.110
98.071
98.169
91.961
76.622
Fixed investment ..............................................................................................
111.109
107.717
102.375
104.969
104.522
103.102
96.907
86.022
Nonresidential ..............................................................................................
106.987
112.244
114.069
115.504
116.212
115.714
108.847
96.636
Structures .................................................................................................
86.318
97.264
108.180
104.206
108.716
111.257
108.543
93.830
Equipment and software...........................................................................
115.467
117.412
113.939
118.470
116.961
114.709
105.616
95.257
Residential ...................................................................................................
123.728
101.534
80.436
85.698
82.692
79.154
74.201
65.831
Change in private inventories........................................................................... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ..................
Exports of goods and services ........................................................................
119.937
130.068
138.111
136.880
140.908
141.943
132.713
121.413
Imports of goods and services ........................................................................
130.815
133.654
129.038
132.991
130.509
129.367
123.283
111.092
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment...................
114.497
116.871
120.250
118.443
119.594
121.288
121.674
120.456
Federal .............................................................................................................
128.019
130.078
137.913
133.488
135.628
140.080
142.457
140.997
State and local .................................................................................................
107.642
110.167
111.394
110.844
111.517
111.891
111.326
110.229
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product .......................................................................
115.254
118.062
119.677
119.397
120.679
120.273
118.357
117.333
Gross domestic purchases ..............................................................................
116.748
118.343
118.033
118.726
118.694
118.255
116.457
114.130
Final sales to domestic purchasers..................................................................
116.948
118.995
118.971
119.461
119.853
119.173
117.397
115.856
Gross national product.....................................................................................
115.284
117.795
119.342
119.329
119.950
119.901
118.190 ..................
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 6. Price Indexes for Gross Domestic Product
[Index numbers, 2000=100]
Seasonally adjusted
2006

2007

2008

2008
I

II

2009
III

IV

I

Gross domestic product ....................................................................
116.676
119.819
122.500
121.613
121.951
123.134
123.302
124.186
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) ....................................................
114.675
117.659
121.596
120.283
121.544
123.041
121.514
121.207
Durable goods..................................................................................................
88.772
87.154
86.071
86.581
86.237
86.110
85.357
84.995
Nondurable goods............................................................................................
114.984
118.407
124.666
123.059
125.021
128.129
122.455
120.838
Services ...........................................................................................................
120.752
124.712
128.752
127.133
128.450
129.538
129.885
130.231
Gross private domestic investment .................................................................
116.102
117.735
118.509
117.815
117.926
118.510
119.786
119.327
Fixed investment ..............................................................................................
116.380
117.995
118.727
118.117
118.353
119.037
119.400
118.853
Nonresidential ..............................................................................................
107.277
108.739
110.513
109.177
109.788
110.913
112.174
111.909
Structures .................................................................................................
151.822
157.662
163.298
160.182
161.496
164.285
167.229
165.810
Equipment and software...........................................................................
94.594
94.870
95.485
94.700
95.101
95.710
96.431
96.556
Residential ...................................................................................................
136.897
138.884
135.587
137.900
136.687
135.535
132.226
130.611
Change in private inventories........................................................................... .................. .................. .................. ................. .................. .................. .................. .................
Exports of goods and services ........................................................................
112.618
116.586
122.788
121.397
124.560
126.592
118.601
115.511
Imports of goods and services ........................................................................
115.932
120.168
132.698
128.722
137.136
140.189
124.747
114.321
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment...................
127.239
132.941
139.234
137.237
139.588
141.107
139.002
138.782
Federal .............................................................................................................
125.806
130.076
134.289
132.879
134.553
135.447
134.277
135.112
State and local .................................................................................................
128.109
134.671
142.219
139.866
142.632
144.540
141.838
140.934
Addenda:
PCE excluding food and energy.......................................................................
112.129
114.548
117.043
116.158
116.782
117.481
117.749
118.195
Market-based PCE 1 ........................................................................................
113.167
115.893
119.760
118.452
119.719
121.348
119.523
119.092
1
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy .............................................
109.715
111.700
113.818
113.021
113.522
114.228
114.502
114.955
Final sales of domestic product .......................................................................
116.710
119.853
122.528
121.653
122.008
123.204
123.245
124.106
Gross domestic purchases ..............................................................................
117.066
120.294
124.158
122.821
124.103
125.475
124.232
123.924
Final sales to domestic purchasers..................................................................
117.101
120.329
124.187
122.863
124.160
125.543
124.181
123.858
Gross national product.....................................................................................
116.673
119.815
122.485
121.601
121.938
123.117
123.286 .................
Implicit price deflators:
Gross domestic product ...............................................................................
116.676
119.816
122.422
121.508
121.890
123.056
123.244
124.113
Final sales of domestic product....................................................................
116.709
119.853
122.520
121.647
122.002
123.198
123.239
124.100
Gross domestic purchases...........................................................................
117.066
120.292
124.084
122.722
124.045
125.400
124.177
123.854
Final sales to domestic purchasers..............................................................
117.101
120.329
124.181
122.858
124.156
125.538
124.176
123.853
Gross national product .................................................................................
116.672
119.813
122.407
121.495
121.876
123.037
123.226 .................
1. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished
without payment by financial intermediaries) and the expenses of nonprofit institutions. Percentage changes for these series a re included in the addenda to table 8 and appendix table A.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Table 7. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Preceding Year
1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Gross domestic product (GDP) ..................................................
2.7
4.0
2.5
3.7
4.5
4.2
4.5
3.7
0.8
1.6
2.5
3.6
2.9
2.8
2.0
1.1
Personal consumption expenditures ....................................................
3.3
3.7
2.7
3.4
3.8
5.0
5.1
4.7
2.5
2.7
2.8
3.6
3.0
3.0
2.8
0.2
Durable goods .......................................................................................
7.8
8.4
4.4
7.8
8.6
11.3
11.7
7.3
4.3
7.1
5.8
6.3
4.6
4.5
4.8
–4.3
Nondurable goods .................................................................................
2.7
3.5
2.2
2.6
2.7
4.0
4.6
3.8
2.0
2.5
3.2
3.5
3.4
3.7
2.5
–0.6
Services.................................................................................................
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.9
3.3
4.2
4.0
4.5
2.4
1.9
1.9
3.2
2.6
2.5
2.6
1.5
Gross private domestic investment.......................................................
8.9
13.6
3.1
8.9
12.4
9.8
7.8
5.7
–7.9
–2.6
3.6
9.7
5.8
2.1
–5.4
–6.7
Fixed investment....................................................................................
8.6
9.3
6.5
9.0
9.2
10.2
8.3
6.5
–3.0
–5.2
3.4
7.3
6.8
1.9
–3.1
–5.0
Nonresidential....................................................................................
8.7
9.2
10.5
9.3
12.1
11.1
9.2
8.7
–4.2
–9.2
1.0
5.8
7.2
7.5
4.9
1.6
Structures.......................................................................................
–0.7
1.8
6.4
5.6
7.3
5.1
–0.4
6.8
–2.3 –17.1
–4.1
1.3
1.3
8.2
12.7
11.2
Equipment and software ................................................................
12.5
11.9
12.0
10.6
13.8
13.3
12.7
9.4
–4.9
–6.2
2.8
7.4
9.3
7.2
1.7
–3.0
Residential .........................................................................................
8.2
9.6
–3.2
8.0
1.9
7.6
6.0
0.8
0.4
4.8
8.4
10.0
6.3
–7.1 –17.9 –20.8
Change in private inventories ................................................................ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ...........
Net exports of goods and services ....................................................... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ...........
Exports ..................................................................................................
3.2
8.7
10.1
8.4
11.9
2.4
4.3
8.7
–5.4
–2.3
1.3
9.7
7.0
9.1
8.4
6.2
Goods ................................................................................................
3.3
9.7
11.7
8.8
14.3
2.2
3.8
11.2
–6.1
–4.0
1.8
9.0
7.7
9.9
7.5
6.0
Services.............................................................................................
3.2
6.3
6.3
7.2
5.9
2.9
5.6
2.9
–3.7
1.9
0.0
11.5
5.6
7.2
10.5
6.6
Imports ..................................................................................................
8.8
11.9
8.0
8.7
13.6
11.6
11.5
13.1
–2.7
3.4
4.1
11.3
5.9
6.0
2.2
–3.5
Goods ................................................................................................
10.1
13.3
9.0
9.3
14.4
11.7
12.4
13.5
–3.2
3.7
4.9
11.3
6.8
6.0
1.7
–4.1
Services.............................................................................................
2.9
5.7
3.3
5.5
9.4
11.4
6.9
11.1
–0.3
2.1
0.0
11.5
1.4
6.0
4.4
0.2
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ........
–0.9
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.9
1.9
3.9
2.1
3.4
4.4
2.5
1.4
0.4
1.7
2.1
2.9
Federal ..................................................................................................
–4.2
–3.7
–2.7
–1.2
–1.0
–1.1
2.2
0.9
3.9
7.0
6.8
4.2
1.2
2.3
1.6
6.0
National defense................................................................................
–5.6
–4.9
–3.8
–1.4
–2.8
–2.1
1.9
–0.5
3.9
7.4
8.7
5.8
1.5
1.6
2.5
7.2
Nondefense .......................................................................................
–0.7
–1.2
–0.4
–0.7
2.6
0.7
2.8
3.5
3.9
6.3
3.4
1.1
0.6
3.6
–0.2
3.6
State and local.......................................................................................
1.4
2.6
2.6
2.3
3.6
3.6
4.7
2.7
3.2
3.1
0.2
–0.2
–0.1
1.3
2.3
1.1
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product .............................................................
2.6
3.4
3.0
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.5
3.8
1.6
1.2
2.5
3.3
3.1
2.8
2.4
1.4
Gross domestic purchases....................................................................
3.2
4.4
2.4
3.8
4.8
5.3
5.3
4.4
0.9
2.2
2.8
4.1
3.0
2.6
1.4
–0.3
Final sales to domestic purchasers .......................................................
3.2
3.8
2.8
3.8
4.3
5.3
5.4
4.5
1.8
1.8
2.8
3.8
3.1
2.6
1.8
0.0
Gross national product ..........................................................................
2.7
3.9
2.6
3.7
4.4
4.0
4.6
3.7
0.8
1.5
2.7
3.8
3.0
2.6
2.2
1.3
Real disposable personal income..........................................................
1.0
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.5
5.8
3.0
4.8
1.9
3.1
2.2
3.6
1.4
3.5
2.8
1.3
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases ................................................................
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.4
0.6
1.6
2.5
2.0
1.6
2.3
3.1
3.7
3.4
2.8
3.2
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy .....................
2.3
2.2
2.2
1.5
1.3
1.0
1.4
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.7
3.1
3.1
2.4
2.2
GDP ...................................................................................................
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.1
1.4
2.2
2.4
1.7
2.1
2.9
3.3
3.2
2.7
2.2
GDP excluding food and energy ........................................................
2.4
2.2
2.1
1.7
1.7
1.2
1.5
2.0
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.7
3.2
3.2
2.5
2.0
Personal consumption expenditures ..................................................
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.2
1.7
0.9
1.7
2.5
2.1
1.4
2.0
2.6
2.9
2.8
2.6
3.3

Table 8. Real Gross Domestic Product: Percent Change From Quarter One Year Ago
2005
II

III

2006
IV

I

II

2007
III

IV

I

II

2008
III

IV

I

II

2009
III

IV

I

Gross domestic product (GDP) ..................................................
2.9
3.0
2.7
3.1
3.2
2.4
2.4
1.3
1.8
2.8
2.3
2.5
2.1
0.7
–0.8
–2.6
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE)..........................................
3.3
3.3
2.6
3.2
3.0
2.7
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.9
2.2
1.5
1.3
–0.2
–1.5
–1.2
Durable goods .......................................................................................
6.8
6.2
1.2
5.5
3.0
2.5
6.9
4.6
5.4
5.1
4.2
0.8
–1.1
–5.5 –11.4
–8.3
Nondurable goods .................................................................................
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.2
3.0
2.7
2.4
1.7
0.7
1.2
–0.9
–3.4
–3.0
Services.................................................................................................
2.4
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.7
2.2
2.6
2.9
2.6
2.7
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.1
1.1
0.9
Gross private domestic investment.......................................................
4.4
3.5
4.8
4.1
5.4
3.0
–3.9
–7.7
–6.2
–4.1
–3.3
–2.3
–6.6
–7.3 –10.4 –24.2
Fixed investment....................................................................................
7.3
6.4
5.1
5.8
3.3
0.7
–1.8
–4.6
–3.3
–2.3
–1.9
–2.5
–3.6
–4.7
–9.0 –18.1
Nonresidential....................................................................................
8.1
6.6
4.9
7.9
7.9
7.7
6.5
3.5
4.4
5.3
6.4
6.2
4.2
1.6
–5.2 –16.3
Structures.......................................................................................
2.3
–1.0
–0.5
1.4
6.4
12.7
12.8
11.7
11.4
12.9
14.5
13.9
13.9
11.3
6.3 –10.0
Equipment and software ................................................................
10.2
9.4
7.0
10.5
8.5
5.9
4.2
0.3
1.6
2.0
2.8
2.7
–0.3
–3.1 –11.0 –19.6
Residential .........................................................................................
6.1
6.0
5.4
2.5
–4.3 –10.8 –15.5 –18.5 –17.3 –17.0 –19.0 –21.3 –21.7 –20.6 –19.4 –23.2
Change in private inventories ................................................................ ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ...........
Net exports of goods and services ....................................................... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ...........
Exports ..................................................................................................
7.5
6.8
7.0
9.0
8.2
9.0
10.1
6.1
7.0
11.7
8.9
10.1
11.0
6.1
–1.8 –11.3
Goods ................................................................................................
8.7
6.8
8.3
11.0
9.0
10.2
9.5
5.6
5.7
10.0
8.7
9.4
11.7
7.3
–3.8 –15.8
Services.............................................................................................
4.8
6.6
4.0
4.7
6.2
6.2
11.5
7.3
10.0
15.6
9.3
11.7
9.3
3.5
2.5
–1.5
Imports ..................................................................................................
5.5
4.5
4.8
6.6
6.5
7.1
3.8
3.2
2.2
2.2
1.1
–1.0
–1.9
–3.5
–7.5 –16.5
Goods ................................................................................................
6.3
5.2
5.8
6.8
6.7
7.4
3.1
2.9
1.7
1.4
0.9
–1.6
–2.4
–4.1
–8.6 –19.0
Services.............................................................................................
1.5
0.8
–0.1
5.6
5.1
5.3
8.0
4.8
4.8
6.5
1.8
2.2
0.6
–0.2
–1.7
–4.4
Government consumption expenditures and gross investment ........
0.1
0.6
0.6
1.6
1.7
1.3
2.1
1.4
2.0
2.6
2.4
2.6
2.6
3.1
3.2
1.7
Federal ..................................................................................................
0.9
1.7
1.0
3.1
2.5
0.6
2.9
–0.4
1.6
2.9
2.3
4.8
4.7
6.3
8.2
5.6
National defense................................................................................
1.8
2.1
0.8
2.2
1.7
–1.5
4.1
0.4
2.0
4.7
2.7
6.2
5.9
7.7
8.9
5.2
Nondefense .......................................................................................
–0.9
0.8
1.4
5.1
4.1
4.9
0.5
–2.1
0.8
–0.8
1.5
1.9
2.3
3.3
6.9
6.5
State and local.......................................................................................
–0.3
–0.1
0.3
0.7
1.2
1.7
1.6
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
0.4
–0.6
Addenda:
Final sales of domestic product .............................................................
3.4
3.5
2.7
3.4
2.8
2.0
2.8
1.8
2.3
3.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.2
–0.7
–1.7
Gross domestic purchases....................................................................
2.9
2.8
2.6
3.1
3.2
2.4
1.9
1.1
1.3
1.7
1.4
1.1
0.4
–0.6
–1.9
–3.9
Final sales to domestic purchasers .......................................................
3.3
3.3
2.6
3.4
2.8
2.1
2.2
1.6
1.8
2.0
1.6
1.1
0.8
–0.2
–1.7
–3.0
Gross national product ..........................................................................
3.1
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.1
2.1
2.5
1.2
1.6
3.1
2.9
3.0
2.4
0.8
–0.9 ...........
Real disposable personal income..........................................................
1.9
0.9
0.9
3.4
3.1
4.0
3.6
3.4
2.9
3.1
1.8
0.6
3.3
0.3
0.8
2.5
Price indexes:
Gross domestic purchases ................................................................
3.3
3.9
4.0
3.8
3.9
3.3
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.4
3.3
3.3
3.5
4.1
2.0
0.9
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy .....................
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.1
1.9
GDP ...................................................................................................
2.9
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.2
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.5
2.6
2.3
2.0
2.6
2.0
2.1
GDP excluding food and energy ........................................................
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.9
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.2
1.7
1.7
PCE ...................................................................................................
2.5
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.3
2.9
1.9
2.3
2.4
2.2
3.5
3.5
3.7
4.3
1.9
0.8
PCE excluding food and energy.........................................................
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
1.9
1.8
1
Market-based PCE ..........................................................................
2.2
3.1
3.1
2.9
3.1
2.7
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.0
3.3
3.4
3.6
4.5
1.8
0.5
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 1 ...............................
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.1
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.1
1.8
1.7
1. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished without payment by financial
intermediaries) and the expenses of nonprofit institutions.

Table 9. Relation of Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product, and National Income
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates

Gross domestic product ...................................................................................................
Plus: Income receipts from the rest of the world..................................................................
Less: Income payments to the rest of the world ..................................................................
Equals: Gross national product .......................................................................................
Less: Consumption of fixed capital ......................................................................................
Less: Statistical discrepancy................................................................................................
Equals: National income ...................................................................................................
Compensation of employees............................................................................................
Wage and salary accruals............................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries ............................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments .......
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment .....................................
Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments............
Net interest and miscellaneous payments .......................................................................
Taxes on production and imports less subsidies..............................................................
Business current transfer payments.................................................................................
Current surplus of government enterprises .....................................................................
Addendum:
Gross domestic income ...................................................................................................

2006

2007

2008

2008

2009

I

II

III

IV

I

13,178.4
725.4
647.1
13,256.6
1,623.9
–163.0
11,795.7
7,433.8
6,028.5
1,405.3
1,014.7
44.3
1,668.5
631.2
926.4
85.4
–8.6

13,807.5
861.7
759.3
13,910.0
1,720.5
–81.4
12,270.9
7,812.3
6,355.7
1,456.6
1,056.2
40.0
1,642.4
664.4
963.2
100.2
–7.9

14,264.6
798.3
665.1
14,397.8
1,832.3
135.8
12,429.7
8,055.1
6,550.1
1,504.9
1,072.4
64.4
1,476.5
682.7
983.1
103.6
–8.1

14,150.8
843.2
705.1
14,289.0
1,778.0
63.4
12,447.6
8,009.7
6,518.0
1,491.7
1,071.7
39.1
1,593.5
662.3
975.1
103.2
–7.1

14,294.5
822.8
708.9
14,408.3
1,803.1
136.6
12,468.6
8,033.5
6,531.3
1,502.2
1,076.9
58.6
1,533.3
683.4
988.5
102.1
–7.7

14,412.8
815.6
688.7
14,539.6
1,898.1
150.2
12,491.4
8,092.9
6,581.8
1,511.1
1,080.5
68.5
1,514.8
656.6
993.8
92.1
–8.0

14,200.3
711.6
557.7
14,354.3
1,850.1
193.0
12,311.2
8,084.1
6,569.4
1,514.7
1,060.6
91.4
1,264.5
728.6
974.9
116.8
–9.6

14,075.5
...............
...............
...............
1,860.0
...............
...............
8,025.1
6,495.8
1,529.3
1,040.7
89.8
...............
718.4
967.6
122.8
–11.5

13,341.4

13,889.0

14,128.8

14,087.4

14,157.8

14,262.6

14,007.3 ...............

Table 10. Personal Income and Its Disposition
[Billions of dollars]
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

1

2007

2008

2008

2009

I

II

III

IV

I

Personal income .............................................................................................................
Compensation of employees, received ............................................................................
Wage and salary disbursements..................................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries ............................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments .......
Farm .............................................................................................................................
Nonfarm .......................................................................................................................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment .....................................
Personal income receipts on assets ................................................................................
Personal interest income..............................................................................................
Personal dividend income ............................................................................................
Personal current transfer receipts ....................................................................................
Less: Contributions for government social insurance ......................................................
Less: Personal current taxes ...............................................................................................
Equals: Disposable personal income ..............................................................................
Less: Personal outlays.........................................................................................................
Equals: Personal saving ...................................................................................................

10,993.9
7,432.6
6,027.2
1,405.3
1,014.7
16.2
998.6
44.3
1,824.8
1,125.4
699.4
1,603.0
925.5
1,353.2
9,640.7
9,570.0
70.7

11,663.2
7,818.6
6,362.0
1,456.6
1,056.2
44.0
1,012.2
40.0
2,000.1
1,214.3
785.8
1,713.3
965.1
1,492.8
10,170.5
10,113.1
57.4

12,102.6
8,055.1
6,550.1
1,504.9
1,072.4
34.6
1,037.9
64.4
2,037.7
1,208.5
829.1
1,869.1
996.0
1,460.6
10,642.1
10,450.7
191.4

11,960.5
8,009.7
6,518.0
1,491.7
1,071.7
41.6
1,030.1
39.1
2,054.1
1,224.6
829.5
1,778.1
992.2
1,535.0
10,425.5
10,404.9
20.6

12,152.2
8,033.5
6,531.3
1,502.2
1,076.9
38.0
1,039.0
58.6
2,052.3
1,208.7
843.6
1,926.3
995.4
1,346.1
10,806.0
10,538.2
267.9

12,170.4
8,092.9
6,581.8
1,511.1
1,080.5
32.4
1,048.2
68.5
2,055.7
1,217.4
838.3
1,872.7
1,000.0
1,470.7
10,699.7
10,559.9
139.8

12,127.5
8,084.1
6,569.4
1,514.7
1,060.6
26.3
1,034.2
91.4
1,988.5
1,183.4
805.1
1,899.3
996.4
1,490.4
10,637.1
10,299.7
337.4

12,067.6
8,025.1
6,495.8
1,529.3
1,040.7
25.1
1,015.6
89.8
1,912.8
1,149.8
762.9
1,993.3
994.0
1,296.9
10,770.7
10,317.8
453.0

Personal saving as a percentage of disposable personal income ...................................
Addendum:
Disposable personal income, billions of chained (2000) dollars 2 ....................................

0.7

0.6

1.8

0.2

2.5

1.3

3.2

4.2

8,407.0

8,644.0

8,752.6

8,667.9

8,891.0

8,696.4

8,754.2

8,886.6

1. Personal income is also equal to national income less corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, contributions
for government social insurance, net interest and miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, current surplus of government enterprises, and wage accruals less disbursements, plus
personal income receipts on assets, and personal current transfer receipts.
2. Equals disposable personal income deflated by the implicit price deflator for personal consumption expenditures.

Appendix Table A. Real Gross Domestic Product and Related Aggregates and Price Indexes: Percent Change From Preceding Period
Seasonally adjusted at annual rates
2006

Gross domestic product (GDP) and related aggregates:
GDP..................................................................................
Goods ...............................................................................
Services............................................................................
Structures .........................................................................
Motor vehicle output .........................................................
GDP excluding motor vehicle output ................................
Final sales of computers 1 ................................................
GDP excluding final sales of computers...........................
Farm gross value added 2 ................................................
Nonfarm business gross value added 3 ............................
Price indexes:
GDP..................................................................................
GDP excluding food and energy .......................................
GDP excluding final sales of computers...........................
Gross domestic purchases...............................................
Gross domestic purchases excluding food and energy ....
Gross domestic purchases excluding final sales of
computers to domestic purchasers...............................
Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) ......................
PCE excluding food and energy .......................................
Market-based PCE 4.........................................................
Market-based PCE excluding food and energy 4 ..............

2.8
5.4
2.3
–2.2
–0.9
2.9
25.0
2.6
–6.9
3.2

2007

2008

2.0
1.1
3.1
1.0
2.8
2.2
–5.0 –5.1
–1.1 –17.7
2.1
1.7
21.3 18.5
1.9
1.0
9.7 –1.9
2.0
0.8

2005

2006

II

III

IV

I

II

2.6
4.7
1.0
5.1
7.1
2.5
38.5
2.4
27.7
2.9

3.8
1.3
4.8
2.7
5.3
2.0 11.1
5.9
3.9
0.9
2.6
2.3
–0.6
1.3 –0.8 –3.8
24.6 –31.0 20.2 –10.1
3.2
2.6
4.3
3.1
11.5 37.2 27.8 25.2
3.8
1.1
4.7
2.5
3.1 –26.8 –22.3
3.1
4.8
1.3
6.0
2.9

2007
III

IV

0.8
1.5
1.5
1.3
2.3
3.8
–8.8 –9.8
13.7 –19.0
0.4
2.2
7.0 34.2
0.8
1.3
6.9 30.4
0.3
1.4

I

2008

II

III

IV

I

II

0.1
–2.5
2.1
–3.9
3.8
–0.1
–5.0
0.1
12.5
–0.9

4.8
10.3
2.7
0.8
4.6
4.8
37.2
4.6
–6.1
5.8

4.8 –0.2
0.9
2.8
9.0
0.0
0.9
4.9
4.0
1.3
2.7
1.7
–2.9 –9.3 –10.1
3.3
17.3 –25.7 –14.2 –33.8
4.4
0.7
1.3
4.0
52.6 23.7
8.2 28.4
4.5 –0.3
0.8
2.7
8.6
8.2 –15.5 –10.7
5.5 –0.7
0.9
2.8

2009
III

IV

I

–0.5 –6.3 –6.1
–4.2 –19.2 –8.4
1.5
1.9
0.4
–1.0 –13.8 –36.3
7.3 –62.8 –56.4
–0.7 –4.5 –4.9
–1.7 –4.8
8.7
–0.5 –6.4 –6.2
7.1 26.1 37.0
–1.9 –8.8 –8.2

3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.1

2.7
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.4

2.2
2.0
2.4
3.2
2.2

2.1
2.7
2.3
3.1
2.7

4.1
3.2
4.2
5.2
2.9

3.7
3.5
3.9
3.9
3.2

3.5
3.6
3.7
2.9
3.4

2.7
3.2
2.9
3.6
3.2

2.8
2.6
2.9
2.9
2.5

2.2
2.6
2.3
0.6
2.5

4.1
3.2
4.2
3.6
2.9

2.0
1.7
2.1
3.3
1.8

1.5
1.8
1.7
2.2
1.9

2.8
2.4
3.0
4.0
2.4

2.6
2.0
2.7
3.5
2.2

1.1
1.5
1.2
4.2
2.2

3.9
3.0
4.1
4.5
2.8

0.5
0.4
0.6
–3.9
1.2

2.9
2.0
3.0
–1.0
1.4

3.6
2.8
2.3
2.6
1.9

2.9
2.6
2.2
2.4
1.8

3.4
3.3
2.2
3.3
1.9

3.3
2.5
2.1
2.2
1.6

5.4
4.7
1.6
4.9
1.2

4.1
3.3
2.4
3.2
2.0

3.0
1.8
2.1
1.4
1.8

3.8
3.3
3.0
3.1
2.6

3.1
3.1
2.3
3.1
2.1

0.7
–0.5
1.8
–1.1
1.5

3.8
3.4
2.4
3.5
2.3

3.5
3.6
1.8
3.5
1.2

2.4
2.5
2.1
2.0
1.4

4.2
4.3
2.5
4.4
2.2

3.7
3.6
2.3
3.7
2.1

4.4
4.3
2.2
4.3
1.8

4.7
5.0
2.4
5.6
2.5

–3.8
–4.9
0.9
–5.9
1.0

–0.9
–1.0
1.5
–1.4
1.6

1. For some components of final sales of computers, includes computer parts.
2. Farm output less intermediate goods and services purchased.
3. Consists of GDP less gross value added of farm, of households and institutions, and of general government.
4. This index is a supplemental measure that is based on household expenditures for which there are observable price measures. It excludes most implicit prices (for example, the services furnished without payment by financial
intermediaries) and the expenses of nonprofit institutions.
See “Explanatory Note” at the end of the tables.

Explanatory Note: NIPA Measures of Quantities and Prices
Current-dollar GDP is a measure of the market value of goods, services, and structures produced in the
economy in a particular period. Changes in current-dollar GDP can be decomposed into quantity and
price components. Quantities, or “real” measures, and prices are expressed as index numbers with the
reference year -- at present, the year 2000 -- equal to 100.
Annual changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher formula that incorporates weights
from two adjacent years. (Quarterly changes in quantities and prices are calculated using a Fisher
formula that incorporates weights from two adjacent quarters; quarterly indexes are adjusted for
consistency to the annual indexes before percent changes are calculated.) For example, the 2006-07
annual percent change in real GDP uses prices for 2006 and 2007 as weights, and the 2006-07 annual
percent change in GDP prices uses quantities for 2006 and 2007 as weights. These annual changes are
“chained” (multiplied) together to form time series of quantity and price indexes. Percent changes in
Fisher indexes are not affected by the choice of reference year. (BEA also publishes a measure of the
price level known as the implicit price deflator (IPD), which is calculated as the ratio of the current-dollar
value to the corresponding chained-dollar value, multiplied by 100. The values of the IPD are very close
to the values of the corresponding "chain-type" price index.)
Index numbers of quantity and price indexes for GDP and its major components are presented in this
release in tables 5 and 6. Percent changes from the preceding period are presented in tables 1, 4, 7, 8, and
Appendix Table A. Contributions by major components to changes in real GDP are presented in table 2.
Measures of real GDP and its major components are also presented in dollar-denominated form,
designated "chained (2000) dollar estimates." For most series, these estimates, which are presented in
table 3, are computed by multiplying the current-dollar value in 2000 by a corresponding quantity index
number and then dividing by 100. For example, if a current-dollar GDP component equaled $100 in 2000
and if real output for this component increased 10 percent in 2001, then the chained (2000) dollar value of
this component in 2001 would be $110 (= $100 x 110 / 100). Percent changes calculated from
chained-dollar estimates and from chain-type quantity indexes are the same; any differences will be small
and due to rounding.
Chained-dollar values for the detailed GDP components will not necessarily sum to the chained-dollar
estimate of GDP (or to any intermediate aggregate). This is because the relative prices used as weights
for any period other than the reference year differ from those of the reference year. A measure of the
extent of such differences is provided by a “residual” line, which indicates the difference between GDP
(or other major aggregate) and the sum of the most detailed components in the table. For periods close to
the reference year, when there usually has not been much change in the relative prices that are used as
weights, the residuals tend to be small, and the chained-dollar estimates can be used to approximate the
contributions to growth and to aggregate the detailed estimates. For periods further from the reference
year, the residuals tend to be larger, and the chained-dollar estimates are less useful for analyses of
contributions to growth. Thus, the contributions to percent change shown in table 2 provide a better
measure of the composition of GDP growth. In particular, for components for which relative prices are
changing rapidly, calculation of contributions using chained-dollar estimates may be misleading even just
a few years from the reference year.
Reference: “Chained-Dollar Indexes: Issues, Tips on Their Use, and Upcoming Changes,” November
2003 Survey, pp. 8-16.