The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
EMBARGOED UNTIL RELEASE AT 8:30 A.M. EDT, MONDAY, JULY 30, 2018 Technical: Media: Ryan Smith Jessica Hanson Jeannine Aversa (301) 278-9246 (301) 278-9595 (301) 278-9003 BEA 18-38 Ryan.Smith@bea.gov Jessica.Hanson@bea.gov Jeannine.Aversa@bea.gov Direct Investment by Country and Industry: 2017 The U.S. direct investment abroad position, or cumulative level of investment, increased $427.3 billion to $6,013.3 billion at the end of 2017 from $5,586.0 billion at the end of 2016, according to statistics released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The increase mainly reflected a $243.6 billion increase in the position in Europe, primarily in Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands. By industry, affiliates in manufacturing and holding companies accounted for the largest increases. The foreign direct investment in the United States position increased $260.4 billion to $4,025.5 billion at the end of 2017 from $3,765.1 billion at the end of 2016. The increase mainly reflected a $128.2 billion increase in the position from Europe, primarily Ireland, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. By industry, affiliates in manufacturing and wholesale trade accounted for the largest increases. Direct Investment Positions, 2016-2017 Billion $ 2017 2016 U.S. Direct Investment Abroad Foreign Direct Investment in the United States 3,553.4 3,309.8 941.2 391.2 929.5 69.1 124.9 124.6 26.0 Middle East 48.6 50.3 24.4 5.6 Africa 51.7 1,000 453.1 380.7 Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere 1,008.1 2,000 684.6 627.9 Canada 365.4 3,000 2,603.1 Asia and Pacific 881.1 4,000 2,731.3 Europe 0 4.5 0 Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis -1- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 The increase in the U.S. direct investment position abroad in 2017 mainly reflected financial transactions of $300.4 billion, primarily reinvestment of earnings. The increase in the foreign direct investment position in the United States in 2017 mainly reflected financial transactions of $277.3 billion, primarily equity investment other than reinvestment of earnings. U.S. direct investment abroad (tables 1 – 4) U.S. multinational enterprises (MNEs) invest in nearly every country, but their investment in foreign affiliates in five countries accounted for more than half of the total position at the end of 2017. The U.S. direct investment abroad position was largest in the Netherlands at $936.7 billion, followed by the United Kingdom ($747.6 billion), Luxembourg ($676.4 billion), Ireland ($446.4 billion), and Canada ($391.2 billion). By industry of the immediate foreign affiliate, investment was highly concentrated in holding companies, which accounted for nearly half of the position in 2017. By industry of the U.S. parent, investment by manufacturing MNEs accounted for 55.6 percent of the position, followed by MNEs in finance and insurance (12.4 percent). U.S. MNEs earned income of $470.9 billion on their investment abroad in 2017. Foreign direct investment in the United States (tables 5 – 8) By country of the immediate foreign parent, five countries accounted for more than half of the total position at the end of 2017. The United Kingdom was the top investing country with a position of $540.9 billion, followed by Japan ($469.0 billion), Canada ($453.1 billion), Luxembourg ($410.7 billion), and the Netherlands ($367.1 billion). By country of the ultimate beneficial owner (UBO), the top five countries in terms of position were the United Kingdom ($614.9 billion), Canada ($523.8 billion), Japan ($476.9 billion), Germany ($405.6 billion), and Ireland ($328.7 billion). On this basis, investment from the Netherlands and Luxembourg was much lower than by country of foreign parent, indicating that much of the investment from these countries was ultimately owned by investors in other countries. Foreign direct investment in the United States was concentrated in the U.S. manufacturing sector, which accounted for 39.9 percent of the position. There was also sizable investment in finance and insurance (13.4 percent). Foreign MNEs earned income of $173.8 billion on their investment in the United States in 2017. Updates to Direct Investment Statistics BEA statistics for U.S. direct investment abroad for 2014–2016 and for foreign direct investment in the United States for 2015–2016 are revised to incorporate newly available and revised source data, including results of the 2014 benchmark survey of U.S. direct investment abroad. For more information on the benchmark survey, see “Worldwide Activities of U.S. Multinational Enterprises: Revised Results From the 2014 Benchmark Survey.” -2- Next release: July 2019 Direct Investment by Country and Industry: 2018 Additional Information Resources • • • • • • • changes in volume and valuation, such as adjustments to book value from affiliates’ current sale or purchase price. More statistics on direct investment by country and industry are available on the BEA website. A description of the estimation methods used to compile statistics on direct investment by country and industry is provided in U.S. International Economic Accounts: Concepts and Methods. Stay informed about BEA developments by reading the BEA blog, signing up for BEA’s email subscription service, or following BEA on Twitter @BEA_News. Historical time series for these estimates can be accessed in BEA’s interactive data application. Summary data by country are available in BEA’s International Trade and Investment Country Facts. Access BEA data by registering for BEA’s Data Application Programming Interface (API). Additional information on direct investment positions will be published in the August issue of the Survey of Current Business. Direct investment financial transactions are financial transactions that increase or decrease financial claims and liabilities between the parent group and their affiliates. Direct investment financial transactions consist of reinvestment of earnings, equity investment other than reinvestment of earnings, and investment in debt instruments. Reinvestment of earnings is the difference between an affiliate’s total earnings less dividends. It represents the part of earnings that are reinvested in the affiliate rather than repatriated to the parent. Equity investment other than reinvestment of earnings is measured as the difference between equity increases and decreases. Equity increases are transactions that result in the parent increasing their equity interest in their affiliate. Equity decreases are transactions that result from the parent reducing their equity interest in their affiliate. Definitions Debt instruments investment reflects parent group lending to and borrowing from their affiliates. Direct investment is an investment by an entity resident in one economy that represents a lasting interest, defined as 10 percent or more voting ownership, in an enterprise resident in another economy. Income earned on direct investment includes income on equity—whether profits or losses and whether distributed or reinvested—and net interest on debt. A foreign affiliate is a foreign business enterprise that is at least 10 percent owned by a single U.S. person or entity. Statistical conventions BEA’s direct investment statistics are primarily based on data reported in the Quarterly Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad (BE-577) and the Quarterly Survey of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States (BE-605). Both surveys are conducted by BEA. A U.S. parent is a U.S. person or entity that owns 10 percent or more of a foreign business enterprise. A U.S. affiliate is a U.S. business enterprise that is at least 10 percent owned by a single foreign person or entity. A foreign parent is the first person or entity outside the United States in a U.S. affiliate’s ownership chain that has a direct investment interest in the affiliate. The countries identified in this release reflect the location of the immediate counterpart, unless otherwise noted. The countries identified for the U.S. direct investment abroad position may not reflect the ultimate destination of the funds. Likewise, the countries identified for the foreign direct investment position in United States may not reflect the ultimate source of the funds, which is often the ultimate beneficial owner. The ultimate beneficial owner (UBO) is that person or entity, proceeding up a U.S. affiliate’s ownership chain, that is not owned more than 50 percent by another person or entity. The direct investment position is the value of direct investors’ equity in, and net outstanding loans to, their affiliates. Changes in the position result from financial transactions and other changes, including capital gains and losses, currency-translation adjustments, and other The direct investment positions in this release are valued at historical cost. Positions reflect the book value of direct investors’ equity in, and net outstanding loans to, their affiliates. This valuation is derived principally from the -3- accounting records of affiliates, which are primarily compiled under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) or International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). This differs from the market value measure featured in the U.S. net international investment position accounts. directional basis, direct investment claims and liabilities are classified according to whether the direct investor is a U.S. resident or a foreign resident. U.S. direct investment abroad occurs between a U.S. parent and its foreign affiliates. Foreign direct investment in the United States occurs between a foreign parent and its U.S. affiliates. On an asset/liability basis, direct investment statistics are organized according to whether the investment relates to an asset or liability for U.S. parents or for U.S. affiliates of foreign parents. This release presents statistics on a directional basis rather than the on the asset/liability basis featured in the U.S. international transactions accounts and the U.S. net international investment position accounts. On a List of News Release Tables Table 1. U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Selected Items by Country of Foreign Affiliate Table 2. U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Selected Items by Industry of Foreign Affiliate Table 3. U.S. Direct Investment Position Abroad, by Industry of Affiliate and by Industry of U.S. Parent Table 4. U.S. Direct Investment Position Abroad, Country by Industry of Foreign Affiliate Table 5. Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Selected Items by Country of Foreign Parent Table 6. Foreign Direct Investment Position in the United States, by Country of Foreign Parent and of the Ultimate Beneficial Owner Table 7. Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Selected Items by Industry of U.S. Affiliate Table 8. Foreign Direct Investment Position in the United States, Country by Industry of U.S. Affiliate -4- Table 1. U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Selected Items by Country of Foreign Affiliate, 2014-2017 All countries Direct investment position on a historical-cost basis 2016 2014 2015 5,586,030 5,108,835 5,289,071 [Millions of dollars] Financial transactions without current-cost adjustment (outflows (+), inflows (-)) 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 6,013,335 333,014 264,359 289,261 300,378 Income without current cost adjustment 2014 457,122 2015 433,333 2016 427,542 2017 470,933 Canada 370,220 361,954 365,375 391,208 30,691 10,114 13,822 18,624 31,718 21,096 19,077 27,354 Europe 2,901,039 3,075,567 3,309,782 3,553,429 159,695 152,317 186,333 163,989 235,994 244,558 241,450 264,804 10,171 48,242 6,183 16,497 2,765 77,738 6,508 48,096 6,343 15,794 1,258 81,274 6,871 51,589 4,888 17,018 3,200 80,739 7,819 54,954 5,406 13,873 3,318 85,572 299 -663 628 896 -111 1,517 92 3,014 433 -122 -1,322 4,156 310 2,522 -497 1,758 2,055 1,053 1,030 1,318 246 -1,763 -444 2,742 2,264 3,483 767 696 65 4,084 172 3,244 596 668 109 1,445 409 4,343 481 741 126 2,820 471 6,166 473 471 285 3,010 Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands 114,421 -54 5,582 273,247 30,154 596,105 753,546 120,519 1,007 7,625 337,831 30,869 599,001 829,693 133,696 1,042 7,223 391,264 30,922 640,646 898,495 136,128 1,224 7,131 446,383 30,708 676,418 936,728 -115 42 184 47,993 1,846 37,125 24,320 1,691 1,054 163 69,631 800 -365 41,337 4,424 45 -476 50,035 -74 30,833 44,203 2,148 62 510 44,669 705 33,444 34,542 2,850 130 524 43,670 1,415 41,095 70,382 6,322 19 591 56,589 1,622 28,340 70,573 4,851 127 455 52,366 1,792 34,819 72,130 6,156 130 656 51,804 1,457 36,825 76,083 Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other 34,808 13,122 2,067 9,764 35,253 33,516 142,886 3,718 631,666 59,641 31,697 11,872 1,971 10,259 36,075 32,593 171,342 3,798 632,327 57,815 29,230 11,863 1,985 14,520 33,484 31,723 187,048 3,852 686,048 42,434 29,187 12,604 2,060 13,881 33,128 34,622 249,968 4,266 747,571 20,482 923 165 528 -1,661 3,160 -6,066 19,291 181 29,112 101 -235 72 15 539 1,387 50 17,059 333 14,426 -1,892 285 613 75 1,175 1 1,462 20,732 312 33,469 -7,981 -542 8 -5 -934 388 1,259 30,026 481 23,093 -8,994 4,062 748 294 330 2,595 1,558 22,567 312 32,973 -869 1,750 601 207 630 3,088 809 28,953 412 39,022 -1,204 854 1,060 232 1,008 1,958 463 30,321 320 36,299 -6,525 1,630 666 272 1,331 3,229 1,880 30,474 577 41,311 -555 898,460 902,642 929,459 1,008,080 65,132 51,917 58,573 63,048 85,513 82,212 83,885 86,118 South America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Venezuela Other 144,592 14,727 69,548 28,843 8,280 971 8,097 10,803 3,322 129,303 14,624 56,847 28,134 7,750 913 7,573 9,825 3,638 135,681 14,057 66,418 28,959 7,467 1,036 5,742 7,364 4,638 133,972 14,907 68,272 25,884 7,222 779 6,370 6,632 3,906 11,402 1,743 6,773 617 600 250 1,009 161 248 1,402 813 448 1,450 770 -41 -477 -1,449 -112 2,821 223 3,796 346 -508 46 -154 -1,154 227 -1,984 1,414 2,576 -1,793 -66 -203 551 -670 -3,793 11,865 971 4,666 2,764 811 183 1,183 1,199 87 7,071 1,451 2,068 2,091 286 99 151 1,094 -170 6,182 1,723 2,390 1,636 343 147 321 -475 97 8,928 1,965 3,389 1,810 731 125 484 51 372 Central America Costa Rica Honduras Mexico Panama Other 105,731 1,608 848 94,482 4,510 4,284 112,690 1,642 1,274 101,326 4,447 4,001 111,723 1,349 1,283 100,734 4,301 4,056 121,695 1,567 1,405 109,671 4,706 4,346 8,878 509 20 8,218 59 72 7,241 70 425 7,255 -189 -321 6,091 66 9 5,212 599 204 7,211 194 98 6,334 261 326 7,619 228 16 7,057 107 211 7,963 174 61 7,351 308 68 7,812 125 111 6,514 474 588 10,122 127 68 8,962 603 361 Other Western Hemisphere Barbados Bermuda Dominican Republic United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean 1 Other 648,137 14,242 283,019 880 304,005 45,991 660,650 14,084 303,244 1,079 303,438 38,805 682,056 20,194 314,853 1,226 306,512 39,272 752,413 20,368 346,804 2,140 331,391 51,711 44,852 1,068 15,429 -117 25,821 2,651 43,275 506 25,106 199 20,608 -3,145 49,661 6,435 31,015 -201 11,148 1,265 57,820 451 30,031 872 25,731 736 66,029 1,631 34,806 168 24,338 5,086 67,178 1,392 38,357 361 23,664 3,405 69,892 972 41,554 350 26,279 738 67,069 91 32,341 370 33,235 1,032 Africa Egypt Nigeria South Africa Other 69,029 (D) 4,884 7,346 (D) 52,004 14,068 5,872 6,926 25,139 51,689 12,561 4,349 6,659 28,120 50,285 9,352 5,774 7,334 27,824 2,405 1,844 -1,232 191 1,602 829 325 1,094 -205 -384 -2,109 -801 -131 -318 -859 332 -1,705 1,667 596 -225 5,523 1,121 1,101 499 2,801 2,915 105 1,120 420 1,270 2,208 113 696 292 1,107 3,435 508 821 852 1,255 Middle East Israel Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other 55,467 10,387 8,800 17,466 18,814 49,802 10,251 10,025 16,205 13,321 48,593 10,325 10,585 13,568 14,114 69,132 26,667 11,085 16,785 14,595 7,758 925 375 6,145 314 1,562 553 1,322 -565 253 -237 463 729 -2,437 1,008 4,849 734 482 3,117 516 14,572 363 1,893 1,897 10,419 9,256 260 1,355 1,809 5,832 5,753 546 1,105 1,272 2,829 7,454 560 1,147 1,503 4,244 814,620 177,420 82,244 64,741 33,241 15,674 104,130 37,454 14,642 9,011 4,073 229,189 15,942 18,143 8716 847,102 160,061 92,150 69,367 35,361 15,717 106,932 38,608 15,765 11,427 5,992 253,277 15,295 17,942 9209 881,132 166,430 97,287 68,944 38,634 14,944 124,550 38,493 14,606 11,948 6,325 255,344 15,935 18,021 9669 941,202 168,855 107,556 81,234 44,458 15,171 129,064 41,602 15,080 11,938 7,116 274,260 17,031 15,006 12830 67,333 17,489 11,033 6,171 4,092 3,443 -13,003 4,795 2,940 -462 643 25,117 774 2,929 1373 47,619 271 6,029 4,988 3,820 176 5,177 2,225 2,054 145 75 21,390 751 200 318 32,879 6,739 8,561 466 3,786 -452 -1,398 1,902 -1,083 428 546 10,945 543 1,495 401 49,537 -414 9,850 5,374 4,238 262 9,653 1,693 404 6 749 17,219 471 -3,357 3389 83,801 9,079 13,593 5,237 3,239 2,231 8,928 2,165 2,814 433 703 31,019 1,332 1,645 1384 73,296 8,743 10,674 5,663 3,110 989 12,365 2,867 1,539 537 435 22,937 1,177 1,315 946 75,168 6,881 12,106 4,407 4,112 1,161 12,832 2,475 957 531 814 25,002 1,334 1,675 879 81,767 7,912 13,417 6,056 4,983 1,472 13,681 2,228 1,012 633 1,096 24,496 1,407 2,298 1077 Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere Asia and Pacific Australia China Hong Kong India Indonesia Japan Korea, Republic of Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand Other Addenda: European Union (28) 2 2,659,118 2,810,011 3,041,226 3,244,095 141,607 136,756 170,941 143,443 209,991 214,242 215,648 231,858 3 OPEC 64,270 57,877 67,503 57,334 7,139 -537 -2,100 4,076 16,803 11,332 7,222 8,390 * A nonzero value that rounds to zero D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands. 2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. 3. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is currently comprised of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. Data for this memorandum item reflect the OPEC membership during the reference period. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Table 2. U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Selected Items by Industry of Foreign Affiliate, 2014-2017 [Millions of dollars] Direct investment position on a Financial transactions without current-cost adjustment historical-cost basis (outflows (+), inflows (-)) 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 All industries 5,108,835 5,289,071 5,586,030 6,013,335 333,014 264,359 289,261 300,378 Mining 214,287 180,418 169,643 159,493 15,213 416 -4,488 -16,672 Manufacturing 654,335 693,847 735,648 870,099 55,037 43,502 52,609 77,073 Food 81,835 81,914 76,596 86,403 4,297 4,449 3,059 5,330 Chemicals 142,999 151,369 165,242 213,110 14,461 6,470 14,945 15,639 Primary and fabricated metals 28,284 34,506 33,687 40,289 2,250 503 -923 4,809 Machinery 44,331 45,932 56,221 62,286 6,258 3,110 4,151 4,284 Computers and electronic products 88,940 97,641 98,246 126,402 10,252 6,440 12,427 16,218 Electrical equipment, appliances, and components 14,346 17,591 15,029 17,296 1,557 1,545 196 1,649 Transportation equipment 54,198 62,087 73,112 84,912 4,591 11,282 7,446 9,160 Other manufacturing 199,402 202,807 217,516 239,401 11,371 9,704 11,307 19,984 Wholesale trade 230,181 225,217 238,213 253,645 14,141 9,495 16,629 11,628 Information 179,689 198,689 207,182 226,576 20,404 13,488 21,503 19,997 Depository institutions (banking) 135,619 118,271 119,325 117,437 -4,632 -6,448 2,503 -4,445 Finance (except depository institutions) and insurance 770,701 719,608 738,837 826,391 10,691 15,632 13,705 46,542 Professional, scientific, and technical services 116,955 117,646 124,342 127,093 17,250 5,121 9,759 176 Holding companies (nonbank) 2,475,906 2,686,477 2,864,411 2,996,212 172,721 161,310 146,599 125,603 Other industries 331,161 348,898 388,427 436,390 32,188 21,842 30,442 40,476 * A nonzero value that rounds to zero D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Income without current cost adjustment 2014 457,122 18,173 63,148 5,560 16,861 1,310 3,700 12,385 1,326 6,149 15,857 27,617 16,333 4,663 40,159 11,446 241,876 33,706 2015 433,333 3,541 67,102 4,149 18,114 1,721 3,495 10,868 1,461 10,632 16,662 19,129 14,756 3,521 45,760 11,145 233,272 35,108 2016 427,542 3,157 72,037 3,509 22,280 2,147 3,922 13,936 1,041 7,699 17,504 20,873 17,485 7,165 39,226 13,511 216,381 37,707 2017 470,933 9,819 81,077 4,180 24,246 1,861 4,973 13,609 1,538 9,937 20,733 21,652 17,566 7,090 47,174 13,909 230,655 41,990 Table 3. U.S. Direct Investment Position Abroad, by Industry of Affiliate and by Industry of U.S. Parent, 2014-2017 [Millions of dollars] 2015 2014 By industry of affiliate All industries Mining Manufacturing Food Chemicals Primary and fabricated metals Machinery Computers and electronic products Electrical equipment, appliances, and components Transportation equipment Other manufacturing Wholesale trade Information Depository institutions (banking) Finance (except depository institutions) and insurance Professional, scientific, and technical services Holding companies (nonbank) Other industries 5,108,835 214,287 654,335 81,835 142,999 28,284 44,331 88,940 14,346 54,198 199,402 230,181 179,689 135,619 770,701 116,955 2,475,906 331,161 By industry of U.S. parent 5,108,835 167,151 2,733,334 188,352 738,200 69,609 149,287 424,216 60,821 340,681 762,167 203,417 291,226 260,947 696,900 196,308 93,185 466,368 By industry of affiliate 5,289,071 180,418 693,847 81,914 151,369 34,506 45,932 97,641 17,591 62,087 202,807 225,217 198,689 118,271 719,608 117,646 2,686,477 348,898 2016 By industry of U.S. parent 5,289,071 121,066 2,942,200 180,981 831,162 86,438 155,422 475,559 66,543 358,978 787,117 217,600 323,724 238,950 660,699 200,742 109,540 474,550 By industry of affiliate 5,586,030 169,643 735,648 76,596 165,242 33,687 56,221 98,246 15,029 73,112 217,516 238,213 207,182 119,325 738,837 124,342 2,864,411 388,427 2017 By industry of U.S. parent 5,586,030 111,609 3,110,330 184,326 913,197 56,639 163,086 511,101 70,174 367,352 844,455 209,663 344,756 232,911 698,889 236,407 88,713 552,752 By industry of affiliate 6,013,335 159,493 870,099 86,403 213,110 40,289 62,286 126,402 17,296 84,912 239,401 253,645 226,576 117,437 826,391 127,093 2,996,212 436,390 By industry of U.S. parent 6,013,335 122,893 3,342,151 203,112 982,815 62,059 182,320 587,117 75,385 384,596 864,746 229,705 392,692 251,585 747,080 246,747 92,932 587,553 Addendum: Petroleum 1 204,966 623,313 177,829 603,434 167,336 579,734 159,916 587,477 * A nonzero value that rounds to zero D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1. Petroleum consists of oil and gas extraction; support activities for oil and gas extraction; petroleum and coal products manufacturing; petroleum and petroleum products wholesale trade; gasoline stations; petroleum tanker operations; pipeline transportation of crude oil, refined petroleum products, and natural gas; and petroleum storage for hire. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Table 4. U.S. Direct Investment Position Abroad on a Historical-Cost Basis, Country by Industry of Foreign Affiliate, 2017 [Millions of dollars] Manufacturing Primary and fabricated Chemicals metals 213,110 40,289 Computers Electrical and equipment, electronic appliances, and products Machinery components 62,286 126,402 17,296 Finance Professional, (except depository scientific, and Wholesale Depository institutions) technical Transportation Other services trade Information institutions and insurance equipment manufacturing 127,093 826,391 84,912 239,401 253,645 226,576 117,437 Holding Other companies (nonbank) industries 2,996,212 436,390 All industries 6,013,335 Mining 159,493 Total 870,099 Food 86,403 Canada 391,208 12,329 109,355 11,147 17,614 7,149 3,835 7,716 3,004 11,770 47,121 30,072 9,540 4,532 52,922 9,039 101,349 62,070 Europe 3,553,429 24,099 439,779 44,496 128,258 18,344 37,434 48,328 7,388 28,181 127,349 91,639 151,479 50,556 415,516 71,181 2,047,320 261,860 7,819 54,954 5,406 13,873 3,318 85,572 (D) (D) 0 111 0 (D) 2,587 34,405 4,290 4,567 2,025 26,376 46 1,641 (D) 294 (D) 6,640 159 16,189 287 29 71 3,050 (D) 212 58 253 (*) 3,783 150 557 168 746 (D) 2,410 1,177 4,821 613 505 253 1,301 (D) (D) 6 1 26 718 150 519 1,859 (*) (*) 682 501 (D) (D) 2,739 995 7,792 945 7,337 -52 1,010 224 5,639 (D) 839 234 718 757 2,132 (D) (D) (D) -1 (D) 2,025 1,702 3,057 -1 2,639 -5 18,853 232 1,635 146 -191 588 2,750 475 1,046 (D) 5,009 (D) 15,991 638 (D) (D) 12 -96 (D) Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands 136,128 1,224 7,131 446,383 30,708 676,418 936,728 (D) 0 (D) -67 327 (D) 1,536 30,421 1,550 2,158 25,406 11,284 13,191 74,356 484 (D) (D) 440 2,044 1 6,939 5,779 155 8 13,285 1,995 325 18,568 1,121 (*) 2 120 358 (D) 781 6,258 9 74 188 452 38 6,863 4,403 (D) 516 5,064 1,346 (D) 7,366 664 3 (D) (D) 243 (D) -132 3,644 0 1,203 343 923 (D) 2,894 8,069 1,280 292 (D) 3,922 7,550 31,077 13,656 123 822 1,490 3,993 555 16,946 5,236 41 609 49,446 3,030 3,004 26,470 1,272 (D) 30 (D) 78 3,560 (D) 17,198 -98 (D) 19,126 5,422 38,636 46,056 3,464 57 34 13,523 909 2,791 4,244 65,336 (*) 839 238,075 1,468 590,467 735,425 (D) (D) 514 (D) 4,196 (D) (D) Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom Other 29,187 12,604 2,060 13,881 33,128 34,622 249,968 4,266 747,571 20,482 5,760 (D) 0 (D) (D) (D) (D) -1 4,543 2,146 2,656 6,355 454 6,473 15,603 9,563 82,205 2,532 78,024 3,297 (D) 1,362 (D) 1,908 1,710 (D) 88 (D) 17,105 648 449 1,238 82 512 5,473 (D) 47,648 397 8,490 (D) (D) 276 43 (D) 18 (D) (D) 9 3,205 159 1,072 -156 50 302 383 182 3,048 (D) 13,619 (D) 231 228 51 581 2,420 1,415 5,442 383 8,357 (D) (D) (D) -1 (D) 365 (D) 2,335 (*) 955 (D) 1 2,341 187 (D) 3,620 531 (D) 537 4,993 (D) (D) (D) (D) 1,197 1,613 717 19,330 750 21,300 614 293 2,046 748 1,093 2,857 2,440 13,603 1,074 13,816 979 3,377 136 134 1,106 1,159 2,531 6,734 (D) 42,809 448 1 (D) -3 (D) 1,113 (D) (D) 174 (D) (D) 986 260 339 328 2,743 4,065 27,312 384 223,726 (D) -68 420 -264 207 436 40 4,145 95 34,576 1,412 (D) (D) (D) 1,261 7,495 13,579 73,379 (D) 275,100 7,227 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 2,384 35,025 274 (D) 1,865 1,008,080 52,637 92,162 8,367 18,503 6,694 6,203 7,763 2,705 19,969 21,957 34,599 20,811 23,288 214,176 2,937 532,491 34,981 South America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Venezuela Other 133,972 14,907 68,272 25,884 7,222 779 6,370 6,632 3,906 26,797 1,057 9,146 (D) 2,418 240 3,739 535 (D) 35,249 2,649 20,773 5,972 2,200 442 683 2,248 282 3,938 210 1,952 83 293 131 80 (D) (D) 11,574 1,384 6,274 2,531 693 -3 173 476 46 3,375 6 3,383 17 (D) (D) (*) (D) (D) (D) 300 2,041 105 22 2 90 58 (D) 624 (D) 956 96 179 4 (D) (D) 18 788 23 332 (D) (D) (*) 10 18 3 4,232 425 2,261 (D) (D) (D) (*) (D) 4 (D) (D) 3,574 2,436 632 101 (D) 77 106 6,523 970 2,639 1,581 668 238 134 90 202 8,878 1,801 4,155 736 286 (D) 58 1,532 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 0 (D) 22,248 1,112 13,388 5,770 610 237 232 (D) (D) 1,815 -41 767 691 417 (D) 223 266 (D) 16,676 (D) 7,299 1,724 -230 (D) 449 1,094 (D) (D) -15 (D) 1,242 (D) (D) (D) (D) 558 Central America Costa Rica Honduras Mexico Panama Other 121,695 1,567 1,405 109,671 4,706 4,346 11,682 0 0 11,473 209 (*) 47,866 1,340 1,058 44,407 34 1,027 4,383 30 (D) 4,269 15 (D) 6,800 372 (D) 6,333 8 (D) (D) 5 0 2,874 (D) (*) 2,483 1 0 2,475 6 1 1,308 246 (D) 990 (D) (D) 1,914 162 (*) 1,749 (D) (D) 15,749 (*) (D) (D) 0 (*) (D) 525 (D) (D) -21 (D) 4,220 -223 4 3,806 541 92 1,506 -1 4 1,453 13 37 (D) (D) (D) 641 (D) (D) 17,918 (D) (D) 15,527 214 (D) 280 100 2 108 56 14 22,557 (D) 0 19,250 3,236 (D) (D) -194 51 13,006 (D) 453 Other Western Hemisphere Barbados Bermuda Dominican Republic 1 United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean Other 752,413 20,368 346,804 2,140 331,391 51,711 14,158 10 -59 0 9,112 5,094 9,046 66 1,404 1,461 5,719 396 46 (D) 0 -38 0 (D) 129 (D) 45 6 76 (D) (D) 0 0 (D) 16 (D) (D) 3 (D) (*) (D) (D) 5,831 9 (D) (*) (D) 7 4 0 0 (*) 4 0 -11 (*) (D) 0 (D) 0 1,562 (*) 53 (D) 45 (D) 23,856 (D) (D) 143 366 4,245 10,427 3 5,995 60 3,482 888 14,238 0 391 (D) 12,538 (D) 174,009 12,365 37,021 9 108,383 16,231 842 (D) 590 (*) 58 (D) 493,258 2,188 284,695 10 184,892 21,473 12,578 (D) (D) (D) 6,841 1,951 Africa Egypt Nigeria South Africa Other 50,285 9,352 5,774 7,334 27,824 17,545 (D) 2,097 -173 (D) 4,716 -411 175 3,810 1,142 1,580 (D) 17 1,264 (D) 1,060 -120 0 1,102 78 46 -5 (*) 28 22 416 21 (D) 227 (D) -390 (D) 16 -13 (D) (D) -3 0 (D) (D) (D) (D) 0 561 127 1,095 47 (D) (D) 662 2,174 424 (D) 588 (D) 771 34 (D) 250 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 4,648 22 (*) 542 4,084 1,686 -99 (*) 707 1,078 13,449 (D) (D) 120 (D) (D) 59 -1 (D) 1,987 Middle East Israel Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other 69,132 26,667 11,085 16,785 14,595 15,778 (D) 983 7,755 (D) 24,629 21,561 436 971 1,661 905 (D) (D) (D) (D) 2,458 504 602 (D) (D) 358 (D) 50 -65 (D) 562 328 (D) 283 (D) 18,189 18,168 (D) (D) (*) (D) (D) 0 1 0 (D) (D) (D) 0 0 2,074 1,993 (D) 335 (D) 3,284 323 652 2,207 102 1,901 956 (D) (D) 69 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 2,125 193 (D) 905 (D) 3,663 2,312 393 765 192 13,428 (D) 8,310 (D) (D) (D) 537 72 2,400 (D) 941,202 168,855 107,556 81,234 44,458 15,171 129,064 41,602 15,080 11,938 7,116 274,260 17,031 15,006 12,830 37,104 19,589 2,725 0 1,095 10,161 0 (D) 520 31 1 896 0 (D) (D) 199,459 22,693 54,158 7,953 10,483 665 26,067 15,909 5,477 2,371 2,889 34,881 5,456 7,518 2,939 19,908 9,722 3,693 11 1,457 224 438 595 (D) (D) (D) 368 (D) 992 546 45,218 2,303 13,258 1,235 2,151 237 5,922 2,919 618 241 414 12,414 903 2,527 75 7,699 1,272 2,405 810 244 -4 749 342 226 15 -42 893 90 (D) (D) 13,836 1,249 5,170 1,388 1,106 52 547 352 835 (D) (D) 1,121 231 407 (D) 44,796 1,740 8,425 2,489 1,197 -16 5,892 4,155 2,128 263 1,202 15,103 3,268 -959 -92 4,019 66 932 515 742 (D) (D) 140 (D) (*) (D) 382 170 (D) 1 24,178 1,779 12,814 -496 2,113 27 1,082 3,054 410 (*) (D) 2,155 105 1,104 (D) 39,805 4,562 7,462 2,000 1,472 (D) (D) 4,352 929 800 594 2,445 (D) 3,159 628 91,877 5,478 13,992 8,790 4,343 71 6,059 2,188 394 886 661 44,674 3,050 888 405 42,074 6,893 2,657 8,475 330 349 10,187 689 267 282 91 11,256 444 96 58 35,170 735 4,457 2,132 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 1,776 (D) (D) 472 137,004 6,780 7,501 8,638 4,122 448 64,083 8,954 2,627 1,767 301 27,903 2,866 340 675 38,588 9,817 1,613 2,788 15,799 417 2,970 684 578 482 533 2,213 117 479 96 288,175 89,592 3,886 36,420 502 1,974 3,028 1,026 4,197 (D) 324 135,167 1,060 (D) (D) 71,752 7,279 16,568 6,038 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 15,493 (D) 717 4,854 All countries Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere Asia and Pacific Australia China Hong Kong India Indonesia Japan Korea, Republic of Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand Other Addenda: 2 75,239 140,446 41,737 384,938 66,519 1,951,939 223,064 European Union (28) 3,244,095 14,787 345,425 41,563 79,243 13,934 32,701 41,683 4,984 25,452 105,866 3 (D) 3,238 2,804 (D) 2,444 1,036 17,951 OPEC 57,334 19,492 5,317 1,372 2,459 20 361 -24 19 903 207 * A nonzero value that rounds to zero D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands. 2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. 3. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is currently comprised of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. Data for this memorandum item reflect the OPEC membership during the reference period. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Table 5. Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Selected Items by Country of Foreign Parent, 2014–2017 [Millions of dollars] Direct investment position on a historical-cost basis 2014 2015 2016 2017 All countries Financial transactions without current-cost adjustment (inflows (+), outflows (-)) 2014 2015 2016 2017 Income without current-cost adjustment 2014 2015 2016 2017 2,945,795 3,354,907 3,765,114 4,025,492 201,733 467,625 471,792 277,258 177,294 149,926 155,978 173,778 273,896 323,207 380,730 453,127 23,479 58,887 67,053 71,904 15,032 14,732 14,485 22,273 2,004,199 6,962 97,038 13,322 4,284 202,682 2,306,254 7,159 88,121 14,509 6,471 233,547 2,603,054 10,516 104,007 18,004 5,686 256,011 2,731,290 12,303 103,451 17,974 6,507 275,470 93,768 983 11,410 3,282 -1,455 10,197 338,691 198 -12,327 1,013 655 33,472 318,177 3,482 3,363 3,616 -79 28,104 150,267 1,788 5,982 176 829 20,757 122,793 532 4,748 1,095 612 10,774 103,476 509 2,616 1,051 398 15,808 114,812 565 3,289 1,110 466 12,017 118,276 728 8,339 1,206 320 10,999 Germany Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway 251,009 26,431 23,508 232,288 258,177 19,539 281,295 55,861 27,709 350,772 298,782 20,641 294,257 105,756 29,898 424,109 345,899 25,201 310,190 147,834 29,285 410,729 367,145 26,035 37,121 7,114 4,071 27,943 29,685 3,549 25,353 14,892 6,924 172,740 33,318 8,130 14,931 36,695 608 57,398 47,186 -572 11,899 17,269 262 2,477 17,770 473 17,595 3,752 1,815 7,597 20,740 732 12,872 9,772 516 8,264 16,069 71 14,683 7,094 476 13,698 18,645 -638 13,043 10,741 645 12,881 15,546 442 Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Other 63,956 40,142 245,188 479,373 40,300 67,349 44,961 241,008 522,954 45,114 68,897 48,780 283,212 535,083 47,736 74,716 50,902 309,363 540,922 48,463 4,671 4,134 31,139 -94,851 14,777 4,956 3,685 -5,732 50,294 1,122 3,294 4,161 56,155 57,267 2,569 4,078 -265 21,082 43,694 1,997 1,079 3,274 20,075 27,147 1,224 2,105 3,278 19,588 8,942 1,619 1,518 3,278 18,300 18,697 1,615 1,571 3,498 15,660 20,467 2,192 117,051 123,846 124,568 124,862 13,627 11,628 19,422 247 8,835 8,560 6,834 4,390 South and Central America Brazil Mexico Panama Venezuela Other 25,083 1,444 15,198 2,350 3,926 2,166 25,261 142 15,262 2,592 4,186 3,080 25,417 -2,445 17,209 2,723 4,469 3,462 26,060 -2,025 18,011 2,443 4,519 3,113 1,880 -407 1,742 208 246 90 846 -750 1,116 243 224 13 743 -2,586 2,372 100 491 366 1,062 866 702 -280 -154 -72 3,066 175 1,858 148 (D) (D) 2,570 12 1,352 301 (D) (D) 1,580 -8 1,208 116 196 68 1,647 -55 1,269 13 342 77 Other Western Hemisphere Bahamas Bermuda Curacao United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean 1 Other 91,967 813 993 1,982 87,344 834 98,585 794 -7,323 1,630 101,725 1,759 99,150 301 9,070 1,509 86,857 1,414 98,803 297 6,697 1,339 87,409 3,060 11,748 183 -1,962 -84 13,507 104 10,782 -128 -933 143 11,574 126 18,679 -421 20,515 -133 -1,213 -69 -815 -534 -3,750 -99 2,065 1,503 5,769 86 1,965 -207 3,939 -15 5,990 66 2,718 -22 3,143 85 5,255 -31 1,358 -88 3,896 120 2,743 -23 104 -88 2,234 516 1,691 329 1,362 4,310 2,936 1,374 4,466 2,985 1,481 5,591 4,117 1,474 825 421 404 1,853 1,893 -40 194 95 99 1,210 1,141 69 488 414 74 189 (D) (D) -3 11 -14 170 -21 190 16,467 6,175 1,072 -19 (D) 2,618 (D) 17,582 6,865 1,113 -14 (D) 2,752 (D) 24,406 12,289 1,122 -15 (D) 3,194 (D) 26,025 11,940 1,115 -17 (D) 4,837 (D) -1,548 -1,198 61 9 -1,189 639 129 1,448 952 41 5 474 129 -154 986 116 15 -1 743 -32 145 1,639 -243 9 -3 -161 1,630 407 346 302 25 (*) (D) 166 (D) -244 -845 66 1 (D) 197 (D) 1,053 226 29 1 (D) 237 (D) 877 308 20 1 (D) 150 (D) 532,491 56,404 10,071 9,776 8,927 371,874 39,966 1,154 1,048 20,665 6,107 6,498 579,708 65,259 14,714 10,981 9,639 401,835 39,784 1,278 439 21,585 6,889 7,305 627,889 69,276 40,447 11,210 8,805 418,331 42,508 1,134 209 23,579 7,573 4,817 684,598 66,736 39,518 11,022 9,819 469,047 51,770 1,101 164 22,360 8,058 5,003 71,582 1,098 2,201 4,731 1,287 44,891 9,024 235 66 3,911 1,387 2,750 55,117 10,587 5,127 682 298 32,997 1,302 118 -317 2,660 760 905 65,959 4,715 25,445 1,430 -537 31,610 3,392 -157 -228 2,013 665 -2,389 51,991 -905 -504 -568 928 43,868 10,392 -30 -39 -1,713 432 131 29,800 3,040 1,416 262 657 20,126 2,734 4 21 845 618 78 23,213 1,221 683 -284 477 17,789 1,948 (*) -64 831 554 58 18,797 555 -248 -109 120 16,637 1,251 4 -124 173 382 156 27,793 908 454 -748 353 24,355 1,627 2 -8 71 622 159 Canada Europe Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere Africa South Africa Other Middle East Israel Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Asia and Pacific Australia China Hong Kong India Japan Korea, Republic of Malaysia New Zealand Singapore Taiwan Other Addenda: European Union (28) 2 1,725,714 2,018,276 2,269,135 2,372,100 49,204 329,844 259,250 127,893 101,756 82,831 96,287 100,933 3 OPEC 14,596 15,438 17,626 18,952 -188 877 324 1,676 948 1,442 1,057 895 * A nonzero value that rounds to zero D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands. 2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. 3. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is currently comprised of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. Data for this memorandum item reflect the OPEC membership during the reference period. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Table 6. Historical-Cost Foreign Direct Investment Position in the United States, by Country of Foreign Parent and of the Ultimate Beneficial Owner, 2014-2017 1 2014 [Millions of dollars] By country of By country of each member ultimate of the foreign beneficial parent group owner 2015 2016 2017 By country of By country of each member ultimate of the foreign beneficial parent group owner By country of By country of each member ultimate of the foreign beneficial parent group owner By country of By country of each member ultimate of the foreign beneficial parent group owner 2,945,795 2,945,795 3,354,907 3,354,907 3,765,114 3,765,114 4,025,492 4,025,492 273,896 328,089 323,207 394,814 380,730 457,557 453,127 523,761 2,004,199 6,962 97,038 13,322 4,284 202,682 1,760,618 3,073 44,257 13,188 7,678 218,339 2,306,254 7,159 88,121 14,509 6,471 233,547 2,023,553 3,181 47,192 14,534 8,750 255,524 2,603,054 10,516 104,007 18,004 5,686 256,011 2,239,298 3,468 71,223 17,588 8,197 272,149 2,731,290 12,303 103,451 17,974 6,507 275,470 2,369,770 3,954 80,352 17,541 8,741 301,540 Germany Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway 251,009 26,431 23,508 232,288 258,177 19,539 327,995 136,291 33,071 12,086 131,678 33,408 281,295 55,861 27,709 350,772 298,782 20,641 356,982 260,047 34,425 12,728 165,597 29,477 294,257 105,756 29,898 424,109 345,899 25,201 371,148 320,089 35,258 29,760 189,873 26,950 310,190 147,834 29,285 410,729 367,145 26,035 405,552 328,671 35,672 28,792 169,155 27,661 Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Other 63,956 40,142 245,188 479,373 40,300 61,892 43,566 154,550 520,463 19,083 67,349 44,961 241,008 522,954 45,114 66,106 48,137 143,403 558,931 18,540 68,897 48,780 283,212 535,083 47,736 67,880 54,418 180,893 572,206 18,198 74,716 50,902 309,363 540,922 48,463 73,244 54,150 201,867 614,865 18,013 117,051 128,870 123,846 159,456 124,568 163,699 124,862 172,650 South and Central America Brazil Mexico Panama Venezuela Other 25,083 1,444 15,198 2,350 3,926 2,166 66,186 18,530 33,302 704 4,326 9,324 25,261 142 15,262 2,592 4,186 3,080 94,092 43,662 34,390 658 4,558 10,824 25,417 -2,445 17,209 2,723 4,469 3,462 90,057 38,751 34,783 733 4,742 11,049 26,060 -2,025 18,011 2,443 4,519 3,113 94,628 42,841 35,408 759 4,801 10,819 Other Western Hemisphere Bahamas Bermuda Curacao United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean 2 Other 91,967 813 993 1,982 87,344 834 62,683 355 32,139 (D) (D) 639 98,585 794 -7,323 1,630 101,725 1,759 65,365 123 30,555 (D) 11,559 (D) 99,150 301 9,070 1,509 86,857 1,414 73,642 168 33,237 (D) 12,295 (D) 98,803 297 6,697 1,339 87,409 3,060 78,022 179 35,920 (D) 13,398 (D) 1,691 329 1,362 3,474 3,075 399 4,310 2,936 1,374 4,470 3,934 536 4,466 2,985 1,481 4,485 3,878 607 5,591 4,117 1,474 5,806 5,073 733 16,467 6,175 1,072 -19 (D) 2,618 (D) 62,255 20,561 318 255 11,542 26,208 3,371 17,582 6,865 1,113 -14 (D) 2,752 (D) 65,601 24,923 808 309 11,497 24,978 3,085 24,406 12,289 1,122 -15 (D) 3,194 (D) 100,742 59,229 787 366 12,280 24,990 3,090 26,025 11,940 1,115 -17 (D) 4,837 (D) 84,331 39,307 804 433 14,055 26,011 3,719 532,491 56,404 10,071 9,776 8,927 371,874 39,966 1,154 1,048 20,665 6,107 6,498 574,655 60,951 29,049 13,012 11,514 373,120 37,900 1,304 1,210 33,675 9,439 3,482 579,708 65,259 14,714 10,981 9,639 401,835 39,784 1,278 439 21,585 6,889 7,305 623,217 68,733 33,050 14,567 11,647 404,081 37,837 1,307 509 38,573 10,249 2,663 627,889 69,276 40,447 11,210 8,805 418,331 42,508 1,134 209 23,579 7,573 4,817 725,923 76,220 58,976 15,009 12,155 422,243 41,243 1,484 529 82,786 10,924 4,352 684,598 66,736 39,518 11,022 9,819 469,047 51,770 1,101 164 22,360 8,058 5,003 793,610 73,002 58,048 14,996 13,123 476,878 50,633 1,471 1,039 88,596 11,306 4,517 All countries Canada Europe Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere Africa South Africa Other Middle East Israel Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Asia and Pacific Australia China Hong Kong India Japan Korea, Republic of Malaysia New Zealand Singapore Taiwan Other United States -----------87,833 -----------83,796 -----------73,410 -----------75,565 * A nonzero value that rounds to zero D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1. The ultimate beneficial owner (UBO) is the person or entity, proceeding up a U.S. affiliate's ownership chain, beginning with the foreign parent, that is not owned more than 50 percent by another entity. The UBO ultimately owns or controls, and thus ultimately derives the benefits and assumes the risks from owning or controlling, an affiliate. The country of the UBO is often the same as that of the foreign parent, but it may be a different country or the United States. 2. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Table 7. Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Selected Items by Industry of U.S. Affiliate, 2014–2017 [Millions of dollars] Direct investment position on a historical-cost basis All industries Manufacturing Food Chemicals Primary and fabricated metals Machinery Computers and electronic products Electrical equipment, appliances, and components Transportation equipment Other manufacturing Wholesale trade Retail trade Information Depository institutions (banking) Finance (except depository institutions) and insurance Real estate and rental and leasing Professional, scientific, and technical services Other industries * A nonzero value that rounds to zero D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis 2014 2,945,795 1,114,540 72,994 385,850 63,447 83,364 47,454 38,105 116,026 307,300 332,424 58,911 147,618 198,002 385,997 65,374 130,015 512,914 2015 3,354,907 1,359,812 97,111 578,830 63,422 92,754 54,743 40,175 131,842 300,935 369,535 64,610 168,281 193,896 444,014 72,452 159,044 523,263 2016 3,765,114 1,541,897 97,947 687,428 64,037 95,107 80,495 44,822 137,475 334,587 374,110 75,554 172,933 197,801 508,794 80,408 207,020 606,597 2017 4,025,492 1,607,209 101,626 702,677 66,037 101,747 81,910 49,833 149,571 353,808 425,403 88,640 184,168 205,694 538,992 90,851 212,091 672,446 Financial transactions without current-cost adjustment (inflows (+); outflows (-)) 2014 2015 2016 2017 201,733 467,625 471,792 277,258 162,123 230,981 204,441 95,575 9,812 11,394 4,881 2,724 80,370 169,378 122,566 41,258 349 2,762 2,717 1,357 4,726 9,279 1,853 6,324 13,072 3,206 19,529 4,767 2,769 2,782 4,895 4,792 8,014 21,511 7,505 11,668 43,010 10,669 40,494 22,684 30,533 28,084 12,384 59,196 15,061 2,474 9,353 12,861 11,178 8,810 9,695 5,974 3,706 447 9,197 7,745 20,990 65,869 65,545 32,615 11,741 8,424 8,503 9,368 18,214 22,998 45,320 6,825 -71,814 99,538 107,353 47,100 Income without current-cost adjustment 2014 177,294 70,634 5,308 23,765 1,915 6,390 3,192 1,093 9,520 19,450 20,769 4,335 3,608 11,357 27,824 2,941 3,682 32,144 2015 149,926 64,636 3,739 37,307 1,118 4,115 2,393 2,201 8,803 4,960 18,128 5,423 2,611 7,197 24,359 4,209 5,290 18,074 2016 155,978 76,148 5,864 32,775 2,965 4,532 2,826 3,242 8,881 15,063 7,213 6,207 1,836 6,711 29,451 4,648 4,685 19,079 2017 173,778 88,786 5,820 37,859 3,272 3,892 911 3,074 11,648 22,310 12,328 6,679 3,037 11,161 18,273 5,030 4,666 23,818 Table 8. Foreign Direct Investment Position in the United States on a Historical-Cost Basis, Country by Industry of U.S. Affiliate, 2017 Manufacturing [Millions of dollars] Electrical Computers and equipment, Other appliances, and Transportation electronic Machinery products equipment manufacturing components 101,747 81,910 49,833 149,571 353,808 All industries 4,025,492 Total 1,607,209 Food 101,626 Chemicals 702,677 Primary and fabricated metals 66,037 453,127 132,625 4,770 90,544 4,764 614 1,338 71 6,134 2,731,290 12,303 103,451 17,974 6,507 275,470 1,227,880 3,354 50,894 5,281 2,341 135,484 76,325 (D) (D) (D) -49 13,725 565,723 (*) 9,772 720 (D) 76,232 47,036 541 353 (D) (D) 2,104 82,590 686 (D) 2,579 1,727 350 49,171 (D) -71 (D) 52 6,639 47,087 2 (D) 4 (D) (D) Germany Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway 310,190 147,834 29,285 410,729 367,145 26,035 117,844 96,443 9,068 217,461 163,047 (D) 349 (D) 604 18,037 (D) 1 26,204 84,258 1,390 154,995 32,207 (D) 6,938 2,003 505 5,964 563 (D) 15,264 1,528 1,721 (D) (D) (D) 671 (D) (D) (D) 17,380 -4 Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Other 74,716 50,902 309,363 540,922 48,463 11,865 42,810 136,005 212,606 (D) (D) 2 (D) 6,566 9,249 (D) 17,713 70,485 80,939 (D) (D) 8,755 1,713 10,994 3,330 (D) 2,558 (D) 6,153 (D) 124,862 26,080 14,448 (D) 1,895 South and Central America Brazil Mexico Panama Venezuela Other 26,060 -2,025 18,011 2,443 4,519 3,113 10,728 141 5,595 (D) (D) 737 (D) -146 3,397 0 -9 (D) 53 -334 453 (D) (D) -70 Other Western Hemisphere Bahamas Bermuda Curacao 1 United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean Other 98,803 297 6,697 1,339 87,409 3,060 15,352 -1 -2,824 (D) 17,054 (D) (D) 3 (D) -2 (D) -1 5,591 4,117 1,474 2,132 (D) (D) 26,025 11,940 1,115 -17 (D) 4,837 (D) 684,598 66,736 39,518 11,022 9,819 469,047 51,770 1,101 164 22,360 8,058 5,003 All countries Canada Europe Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Latin America and Other Western Hemisphere Africa South Africa Other Middle East Israel Kuwait Lebanon Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Other Asia and Pacific Australia China Hong Kong India Japan Korea, Republic of Malaysia New Zealand Singapore Taiwan Other Finance (except Professional, depository Real estate and scientific, and Depository institutions) rental and technical institutions and insurance leasing services 205,694 538,992 90,851 212,091 Wholesale trade 425,403 Retail trade 88,640 Information 184,168 24,388 52,269 12,160 7,383 (D) 71,956 13,562 9,676 (D) 87,031 24 (D) (D) (D) 8,949 272,918 2,017 (D) 519 216 (D) 200,513 (D) 7,358 6,308 2,753 18,314 65,260 (D) (D) (D) (*) 5,385 141,287 (D) 4 160 (D) 18,604 90,674 (D) (D) 0 0 10,703 352,730 4 (D) 1 (*) 50,584 40,116 24 94 35 3 1,385 177,559 -14 6,706 62 (D) 10,245 435,271 42 34,051 (D) (D) 24,768 1,118 (D) 88 (D) 24,886 (D) 47,272 0 766 421 1,905 (D) 20,028 (D) (D) 13,989 55,089 (D) 32,366 1,676 1,490 35,883 31,808 (D) (D) (D) 4,066 6,870 9,158 (*) (D) (D) 150 16,931 12,331 17 22,177 (D) (D) 0 (D) (D) 37,259 7,878 136 11,882 48,301 (D) 12,442 (D) 135 2,058 2,172 (D) (D) (D) (D) 43,933 32,829 246 30,065 -4,616 4,408 75,712 (D) 102 (D) (D) 3,816 6,260 78 (D) (D) (D) 109 76 712 (D) 30 20,292 1,105 1,063 7,446 (D) 81,294 4,656 172 -3,306 21,178 20,145 (D) (D) (D) (D) 7,798 (D) 989 (D) 15,416 30,689 66 (D) (D) (D) (D) 950 (D) (D) 80,006 91,067 69 (D) (D) 1,317 7,356 6,044 513 (D) 3,488 18,965 66 18,783 4,952 44,620 (D) (D) -112 -759 9 449 (D) 4,002 (D) 1,794 6,866 (D) 12,337 3,335 (D) (D) (D) 711 8 -4 (D) -157 -41 -24 -13 -7 -71 39 -36 80 (*) 0 -5 (D) -18 10 (*) (*) (D) 277 (D) -323 3 (*) (D) 5,518 -40 1,292 (D) (D) -8 -1,941 -3,343 1,299 (D) 27 (D) (D) (D) 163 17 (D) 43 294 -25 300 2 (D) (D) 6,169 1,592 (D) (D) (D) 2,792 (D) 710 193 99 (D) (D) 1,278 88 419 644 (D) (D) -20 -44 50 5 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 606 (D) (D) (D) 0 -89 -5 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 0 (D) 0 45 0 36 (*) 11 -3 -797 (*) (D) 1 (D) (D) (D) 0 0 0 (D) 0 171 1 0 0 170 0 (D) (D) (D) (D) 2,281 -20 5,944 (D) -4,866 -28 10,342 (D) (D) 0 7 (D) 1,114 (D) 1,500 (*) 494 (D) 870 (D) 697 0 0 (D) (D) 9 15,419 -93 -2,341 (D) 17,780 (D) 11,058 (D) 1,366 360 8,895 (D) 3,354 (D) 2,333 (D) 550 (D) (D) 403 12,528 329 (D) (D) (D) -3 (D) (D) (D) -70 (D) (*) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) -3 (D) (D) (*) (D) (D) -6 (D) (D) -10 (D) (D) 187 (D) (D) (D) 0 5 2 3 (D) 0 (D) 7 -1 9 (D) 2 (D) 135 (D) (D) 2,451 (D) (D) 7,698 7,672 4 0 (D) -25 (D) (D) 137 0 0 (D) 0 0 7,082 6,875 0 0 (D) -25 (D) (D) (D) 0 0 (D) -3 0 (D) (D) 0 0 (*) (D) (D) (D) 535 (D) 0 (D) 1 (D) (D) 0 (D) 0 (D) -2 0 (D) (D) 3 0 (D) -2 0 93 7 0 0 (D) (D) (D) (D) 508 (D) (*) (D) (D) -79 (D) (D) 0 0 0 (D) 2 907 (D) (D) 0 (D) (D) (D) (D) 2,075 (D) 0 (D) (D) -19 (D) (D) (D) 0 0 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 14 812 (D) 0 (D) (D) -27 (D) 2,693 (D) (D) (D) 101 1,205 (D) 210,794 17,677 12,597 1,416 1,864 157,315 6,624 87 -439 7,999 3,465 2,189 5,951 (D) -31 -5 (D) 3,592 (D) 25 (D) (D) (*) (D) 35,719 (D) 241 (D) 504 26,859 -49 7 (*) 61 (D) -29 12,502 2,233 441 4 10 8,845 (D) (D) (D) (D) 4 (D) 18,749 -107 (D) 11 -1 16,007 (D) -15 (D) -33 -1 -1 31,639 -23 (D) -1 -1 15,751 31 -1 (*) (D) 101 (D) 2,692 1 55 51 (D) 2,080 (D) (*) (D) 177 (D) (D) 55,913 -18 1,803 (D) 62 51,838 1,689 -1 (D) (D) 15 177 47,629 9,098 1,692 -48 (D) 32,343 1,351 (D) -5 163 (D) 78 160,317 3,431 809 3,230 37 109,873 38,620 (D) (D) 2,173 598 763 9,931 (D) -16 (D) (D) 9,571 1 0 (*) (D) (D) -2 32,793 -32 (D) (D) 243 30,476 786 (*) (*) -195 134 13 38,361 1,806 3,474 901 1,586 26,569 1,299 (D) 0 557 1,715 (D) 97,131 4,452 377 -10 (D) 81,829 510 (D) 2 (D) (D) (D) 21,372 -105 3,572 1,361 (*) 16,114 95 (D) 72 92 19 (D) 20,575 (D) -147 204 3,905 9,009 54 7 (D) (D) 7 43 93,324 (D) (D) 2,442 998 28,291 3,781 (D) 60 2,133 2,040 1,483 173,807 -41 379,042 3,610 Addenda: European Union (28) 2 2,372,100 1,084,913 50,363 491,495 42,169 79,032 45,366 (D) 86,955 (D) 156,131 53,139 125,826 89,010 272,646 37,588 3 OPEC 18,952 3,193 (D) 26 (D) -31 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 52 1,401 (D) 2,389 * A nonzero value that rounds to zero D Suppressed to avoid disclosure of data of individual companies. 1. The “United Kingdom Islands, Caribbean” includes British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands. 2. The European Union (28) comprises Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. 3. OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is currently comprised of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. Data for this memorandum item reflect the OPEC membership during the reference period. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Other industries 672,446
@FedFRASER