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DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS The President’s 2009 Budget will: • Enhance global security and combat terrorism; • Spread hope and freedom by promoting democratic ideals; • Help reduce global poverty and facilitate free enterprise; and • Respond to global challenges and humanitarian crises. Enhancing Global Security • Supports freedom in Iraq and helps build a stable Afghanistan. $400 million to provide the resources needed by our U.S. civilians who are working to secure military gains by helping Iraq achieve necessary economic, democratic, and political stabilization. $1.1 billion to advance Afghanistan’s overall development by promoting economic growth, strengthening national and local governing institutions, preparing for national elections, improving access to health care and education, and increasing capacity for democratic governance. Includes an emergency allowance to support activities related to the Global War on Terror into 2009. The Administration will request additional funds for civilian efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan and other activities when the needs are better known. • Promotes stability in the Middle East. Approximately $75 million for the Palestinian people to promote good governance and invest in education and public health. Approximately $142 million to continue support for the democratic government of Lebanon. • Sustains our strategic partnership with Pakistan. Approximately $830 million to help Pakistan achieve stability, development, and democracy goals, with a focus on security, economic development, and combating terrorism in Pakistan’s western frontier regions. • Continues the Merida Initiative. $550 million to support the President’s new initiative with leaders in Mexico and Central America to address common security concerns, including enhancing government capacity to combat drug trafficking and transnational organized crime and improving the rule of law. • Continues U.S. commitment to Africa. Supports the President’s 2005 commitment to double aid to Africa by 2010. • Strengthens U.S. capacity for global engagement. Strengthens operations worldwide to meet new high-priority foreign policy requirements, including a repositioned and strengthened American presence in critical emerging areas. To improve U.S. civilian response capabilities, the Budget provides for a 250-member Active Response Corps, a 2,000-member Standby Corps 91 92 DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS across civilian Federal agencies, and a 2,000-person Civilian Reserve Corps made up of experts from outside the Federal Government who can quickly deploy in response to crises. Spreading Hope and Freedom • Promotes democratic transition. The President has more than doubled funding for democracy, governance, and human rights programs since taking office, and the Budget continues to increase funding in these areas. The Budget supports countries that have committed to democratic reforms and human rights by helping them strengthen governance and the rule of law through programs that foster independent media, pluralist political parties, voter education, election monitoring, and human rights. Provides $80 million for the National Endowment for Democracy. • Continues international broadcasting. $699 million for the Broadcasting Board of Governors to provide accurate and objective news and information about the United States and the world to international audiences via television, radio, and the Internet with a continued focus on broadcasting throughout the Middle East and to people living under tyranny in North Korea, Burma, Iran, and Cuba. • Supports international exchange programs. $522 million for educational and cultural exchange programs, including the newly launched Partnership for Latin American Youth, which will give thousands of students from Latin America the opportunity to study in the United States. Helping to Reduce Poverty and Facilitate Free Enterprise • Expands the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Leading the global fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the United States has provided $18.8 billion for international HIV/AIDS programs since 2004. Based on the success of PEPFAR, the President announced PEPFAR II in May 2007 and committed to providing an additional $30 billion over the next five years to treat 2.5 million people, prevent 12 million new infections, and care for 12 million afflicted people. The President’s new commitment generated a matching pledge from other G-8 nations. The 2009 Budget provides $6 billion for PEPFAR II. • Supports the President’s Malaria Initiative. $300 million to reduce malariarelated deaths by 50 percent in 15 target African countries by 2010. By December 2007, 30 million people had been given life-saving preventative care or treatment. • Expands education for the world’s poorest children. The President committed to providing an additional four million students with access to quality basic education through 2012. The Budget includes funding for basic education that will lead to well over a four-fold increase in funding since the President took office. Source: USAID • Promotes poverty reduction through Children in Central Asia learn about the joy of reading during a National Reading Day supported by USAID. good governance. $2.225 billion for the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). Fifteen partner countries are currently working with MCC to implement compacts to THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2009 93 improve agricultural productivity, modernize infrastructure, expand private land ownership, improve health systems, and improve access to credit for small business and farmers. MCC compacts encourage governments that have made a commitment to democratic governance, accountability, and investment in their human capital. • Promotes economic growth and sustainable development. Trade and investment are the primary engines of economic growth and lift people out of poverty. The Administration is pursuing and implementing agreements that reduce barriers to trade and investment in developing countries. The Budget provides funding for trade capacity building and other economic assistance to promote entrepreneurship and investment in developing countries. The Budget also fully funds the U.S.’s commitment to the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative that forgives the debt of highly-indebted developing countries and thus allows them to invest their resources in human capital and development. Responding to Global Challenges and Humanitarian Needs • Responds to Sudan’s humanitarian needs. The United States is the world’s leader in providing food, water, sanitation, and other assistance to the people of Sudan, and the Budget continues these humanitarian assistance efforts. • Promotes the President’s Climate Change Initiative. Promotes the adoption of clean energy technology, helps countries adapt to climate change, and encourages sustainable forest management. Includes $400 million for a new international clean technology fund in 2009 as part of an overall three-year contribution of $2 billion. This clean technology fund will help developing countries leverage private financing and address the growing challenge of accelerating greenhouse gas emissions. • Supports International Energy Cooperation. Supports the Asia-Pacific Partnership, which has initiated nearly 100 projects and actions focusing on promoting energy security, reducing air pollution, and addressing climate change in ways that foster sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. • Promotes peace. $1.5 billion for United Nations peacekeeping missions to end conflicts, restore peace, and strengthen regional stability, including missions in Sudan, Congo, Liberia, Lebanon, and Haiti. • Protects refugees. Approximately $809 million for basic life-sustaining support and protection of refugees, conflict victims, and internally displaced persons overseas. Where voluntary return for refugees is not a viable option, the United States continues to lead the international community in resettling refugees. Major Savings and Reforms • The Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) are eliminating the duplication of overseas services and have already consolidated approximately 15 administrative support functions and related infrastructure at nearly half of USAID missions located in new embassy compounds. • The Administration is seeking authority to use up to 25 percent of the P.L. 480 Title II food aid appropriation for local and regional procurement of food aid in order to improve the cost effectiveness and response time of this program. 94 DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS Since 2001, the Administration has: • Established and led international coalitions to combat terrorists who threaten U.S. interests at home and abroad. • Launched PEPFAR that to date has funded life-saving antiretroviral treatment for approximately 1.36 million people in 15 focus countries heavily afflicted with HIV/AIDS and provided care services and prevention awareness to millions more. • Provided humanitarian assistance to people affected by the continuing violence in the Darfur region of Sudan, drought and conflict in the Horn of Africa, the 2004 tsunami in Southeast Asia, the recent cyclone in Bangladesh, and other natural and manmade disasters. • Transformed America’s diplomatic presence overseas, constructing 52 new secure overseas diplomatic facilities, repositioning staff overseas to higher priority locations, and developing an active response corps within the Department to deploy quickly and respond to crises. Department of State and Other International Programs (In millions of dollars) 2007 Actual Estimate 2008 2009 Spending Discretionary Budget Authority: Diplomatic and Consular Programs ............................................................... Education and Cultural Exchange Programs ............................................. Embassy Security, Construction, and Maintenance ................................ International Peacekeeping .............................................................................. International Organizations ............................................................................... Economic Support Fund .................................................................................... Global HIV/AIDs Initiative 1 .............................................................................. International Narcotics and Law Enforcement ........................................... Andean Counterdrug Initiative ......................................................................... Migration and Refugee Assistance ................................................................ Non-proliferation, Anti-terrorism, Demining Programs ............................ 4,339 446 1,491 1,135 1,151 2,268 3,247 473 722 833 406 4,545 501 1,426 1,223 1,343 2,314 4,662 556 320 823 483 5,364 522 1,790 1,497 1,529 3,154 4,779 1,202 407 764 499 Foreign Military Financing ................................................................................. Assistance for Eastern Europe and Baltic States ..................................... Assistance for Independent States of the Former Soviet Union ......... Child Survival and Health 1 .............................................................................. Development Assistance ................................................................................... USAID Operating Expenses ............................................................................. Broadcasting Board of Governors .................................................................. Millennium Challenge Corporation ................................................................. Export-Import Bank.............................................................................................. Overseas Private Investment Corporation .................................................. Peace Corps ........................................................................................................... Multilateral Development Banks ...................................................................... 4,561 274 452 1,740 1,509 627 647 1,752 38 192 320 1,243 4,451 294 397 1,714 1,624 630 670 1,544 1 165 331 1,277 4,812 276 346 1,578 1,639 767 699 2,225 3 170 344 2,071 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2009 95 Department of State and Other International Programs—Continued (In millions of dollars) 2007 Actual Estimate 2008 2009 Other State and International Programs ...................................................... Food Aid, USDA P.L. 480 Title II (non-add) ........................................... Total, Discretionary budget authority ................................................................. 2,177 1,215 31,658 1,895 1,211 32,858 2,185 1,226 38,282 Memorandum: Budget authority from enacted supplementals ......................................... Additional funding requirements .................................................................... 5,673 — 2,386 5,074 — — Total, Discretionary outlays ................................................................................... 29,497 35,439 39,213 Total, Mandatory outlays ........................................................................................ 3,601 1,035 120 Total, Outlays .............................................................................................................. 25,896 34,404 39,333 Credit activity Direct Loan Disbursements: Export-Import Bank.............................................................................................. All other programs ................................................................................................ Total, Direct loan disbursements ......................................................................... 70 702 772 32 629 661 — 556 556 Guaranteed Loan Disbursements: Export-Import Bank.............................................................................................. All other programs ................................................................................................ Total, Guaranteed loan disbursements ............................................................. 12,110 1,637 13,747 12,650 2,426 15,076 12,650 2,576 15,226 1 The 2008 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, as contained in P.L. 110-161, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, combined the Global HIV/AIDS Initiative account and the Child Survival and Health account to create a Global Health and Child Survival Account. The funding as been distributed to the former accounts to facilitate comparison across fiscal years.