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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY The • • • • • • • President’s 2009 Budget will: Increase the Department’s capabilities; Strengthen border security, interior enforcement, and immigration services; Enhance the security of the Nation’s transportation system; Reinforce maritime safety and security; Fortify cyber security across the Federal Government; Improve BioWatch capabilities; and Expand the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s operational capacity. Increasing Homeland Security Capabilities • Boosts overall spending to secure the Homeland. 10.7-percent growth Government-wide compared to 2008. Within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), spending will increase by 7.6 percent compared to 2008. Strengthening Border Security, Interior Enforcement, and Immigration Services • Increases Border Patrol agents. Nearly Border Patrol Staffing $500 million for 2,200 new Border Patrol Number of agents in thousands agents, to accomplish the President’s 22 goal of more than doubling the size of 20 the Border Patrol—from approximately 18 9,000 agents to 20,000 agents—since 16 September 11, 2001. 14 12 • Builds SBInet. Funding to ensure 10 $2 billion over two years to continue 8 to construct the most effective mix of current and next generation technology, 6 as well as additional miles of fencing and 4 other infrastructure to protect the border. 2 0 • Supports the Southwest Border Coun2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 ternarcotics Strategy. The increased 2009 investments by the Department in personnel and technology will enable DHS and partner agencies to capitalize on an array of intelligence and information sharing programs to much more effectively confront all border threats. 69 70 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY • Provides additional detention beds. 1,000 new detention beds, bringing the total number to 33,000 beds, to ensure the continuation of “catch and return.” • Partners with State and local law enforcement. Expands the 287(g) program to improve coordination and provide assistance and training in immigration law for State and local law enforcement officials. Additionally, this Budget supports key reforms in the programs and systems that provide immigration benefits and services, such as: • Expands E-Verify, the Employment Eligibility Verification Program. $100 million to continue expansion and enhancements for the Internet-based system that helps participating U.S. employers hire and maintain a legal workforce. • Reforms existing temporary-worker programs. Proposes changes to the H-2A, H-2B, and H-1B programs to streamline the process for U.S. employers to hire the labor they need when no Americans are available, while also providing for appropriate labor protections for workers. • Improves the background check process for immigration benefit applicants. Takes steps to eliminate the existing backlog of pending FBI name checks and prevent any new backlog. Enhancing the Security of the Nation’s Transportation System • Devotes nearly $6 billion to the multi-layered, risk-based aviation security system. ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ $3 billion for over 48,000 Transportation Security Officers and technologies to screen passengers and their baggage for weapons and explosives. $1.2 billion to recapitalize checked baggage screening devices and accelerate deployment of inline systems that will increase baggage throughput up to 300 percent. The Budget proposes a temporary, four-year surcharge in the passenger security fee of $0.50 per enplanement with a maximum increase of $1.00 per one-way trip. The additional fee collections of $426 million would be deposited in the Aviation Security Capital Fund to accelerate the deployment of optimal checked baggage screening systems and address the need to recapitalize existing equipment deployed immediately after September 11, 2001. $128 million for enhancements at passenger checkpoints to improve the detection of prohibited items, especially weapons and explosives, through the use of additional sensors, such as whole body imaging, liquid bottle scanners, automated explosive sampling, and cast and prosthesis scanners. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) will continue to provide specialized training in the detection of suspicious behaviors, fraudulent documents, and improvised explosive devices. Nearly $100 million for air cargo security inspectors, canine teams, and the Certified Shipper Program to achieve 100-percent screening of passenger air cargo in 2010. • Enhances security assessments. Funds security assessments on more than 2.4 million individuals in the Nation’s transportation system, including commercial HAZMAT drivers, airport and port workers, and international airline flight crews. In addition, TSA will continuously vet 13 million individuals who have already undergone a security assessment. These assessments will be based on terrorism and criminal information from the U.S. intelligence community and FBI databases. And, TSA will assume the watch list matching of over two million airline passengers daily with the implementation of Secure Flight. • Addresses surface transportation vulnerabilities. $37 million for surface transportation security, including funding for nearly 100 inspectors to conduct risk-based assessments in the largest mass transit and rail systems. THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2009 71 Reinforcing Maritime Safety and Security • Recapitalizes assets. $990 million to fund Integrated Deepwater Systems, a multi-year recapitalization project for the Coast Guard’s aircraft and largest sea-going ships that continues to build Maritime Domain Awareness, a major goal outlined in the President’s National Strategy for Maritime Security. • Supports Transportation Worker Identification Credentials (TWICs). Issues more than 100,000 TWICs to maritime workers to better safeguard U.S. ports. TWIC is one of the world’s most advanced, interoperable biometric credentialing programs and is powered by state-of-the-art technologies. • Builds on law enforcement. $17.6 million in new funding to enhance Coast Guard intelligence and investigative capabilities. • Supports the Marine Inspection Program. $20 million in new funding for more marine inspectors to ensure compliance with vessel safety and security standards and to keep pace with the growth in maritime commerce. Fortifying Cyber Security across the Federal Government • Enhances the U.S. Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT). $242 million to maintain and expand the capabilities of US-CERT to provide additional network defense measures and increase malware and intrusion analysis capabilities. A more robust US-CERT will increase the cyber security posture of the Federal Government and help ensure our networks are protected. Improving BioWatch Capabilities • Upgrades the BioWatch Monitoring System. Increases its investment in Gen 3, the next-generation BioWatch technology, to enable the BioWatch system to become fully automated and reduce detection times to as little as four hours. Completes the full testing and multi-city pilots of Gen 3 technologies and begins procurement and deployment. Expanding Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA’s) Operational Capacity • Expands FEMA capabilities. $215 million to allow FEMA to implement Phase II of the Vision initiatives, including: ¡ Completing the conversion of temporary, full-time employees to permanent staff. ¡ Updating the information technology and logistics systems. ¡ ¡ Meeting requirements of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act, such as through the establishment of regional strike teams. Improving emergency communications. • Provides grant support. $2.2 billion in support, primarily in the form of grants, to the Department’s State and local partners in homeland security. The Budget continues to emphasize programs that distribute grant awards on the basis of risk, and this year introduces a grant program to help States implement Real ID requirements and provide a more efficient, merit-based allocation of limited resources. 72 DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Since 2001, the Administration has: • Established the Department of Homeland Security, merging elements of 22 disparate agencies into a department of 166,234 personnel and $40.7 billion in resources. • Funded nearly 11,000 new Border Patrol agents, acquired nearly 13,000 new detention beds, and constructed close to 100 miles of new border fencing. • Provided over $27 billion to State, local, and tribal governments to enhance first responder preparedness. • Created TSA, hired and trained a workforce, and deployed sufficient technology to electronically screen 100 percent of airline passengers and checked baggage. • Strengthened marine transportation system and cargo supply chain security through the Container Security Initiative, Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism, and the Maritime Transportation Security Act; and awarded more than $1 billion in port security grants to enhance the physical security of the Nation’s seaports. • Created the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office to detect, identify, and track down the origins of nuclear and radiological materials and help prevent terrorism. • Successfully protected the Nation’s leadership and visiting heads of foreign countries against potential terrorism and other threats, and helped maintain the integrity of the Nation’s currency and financial systems, through the vigilant work of the U.S. Secret Service. Department of Homeland Security (Dollar amounts in millions) 2007 Actual Spending Gross Discretionary Budget Authority: Departmental Management and Operations .............................................. Office of the Inspector General ....................................................................... Citizenship and Immigration Services ........................................................... U.S. Secret Service.............................................................................................. Transportation Security Administration ......................................................... Federal Law Enforcement Training Center .................................................. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ....................................................... Customs and Border Protection ...................................................................... U.S. Coast Guard ................................................................................................. National Protection and Programs Directorate .......................................... Federal Emergency Management Agency .................................................. Science and Technology .................................................................................... Domestic Nuclear Detection Office ................................................................ Total, Gross budget authority ................................................................................ Less fee-funded activities .................................................................................. Total, Discretionary budget authority (net) ....................................................... Bioshield (non-add) ........................................................................................ 913 99 180 1,277 6,028 250 4,446 6,332 7,079 945 5,875 848 481 34,753 2,976 31,777 — Estimate 2008 840 109 4 1,386 6,315 267 4,817 7,875 7,156 1,016 6,823 830 486 37,916 2,957 34,959 — 2009 1,084 101 151 1,415 6,423 274 5,364 9,494 7,835 1,447 5,729 869 564 40,749 3,139 37,611 2,175 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2009 73 Department of Homeland Security—Continued (Dollar amounts in millions) Estimate 2007 Actual Memorandum: Budget authority from enacted supplementals 2008 2009 .................................... 7,669 5,719 — ................................................................ — 63 — Total, Discretionary outlays ................................................................................... 39,897 41,071 44,043 Citizenship and Immigration Services ........................................................... Customs and Border Protection ...................................................................... U.S. Coast Guard ................................................................................................. Transportation Security Administration ......................................................... Legislative proposal ........................................................................................ All other .................................................................................................................... 1,655 1,035 1,234 95 — 4,730 2,390 2,281 1,395 424 — 5,209 2,539 1,463 1,513 287 320 5,856 Total, Mandatory outlays ........................................................................................ 711 1,281 266 Total, Outlays .............................................................................................................. 39,186 42,352 44,309 Credit activity Direct Loan Disbursements: Disaster Assistance ............................................................................................. 162 160 160 Additional funding requirements Mandatory Outlays: Major Savings, Discretionary Reductions ....................................................................................................................... Number of Programs 2009 Savings 1 1,905