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DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION The • • • • President’s 2009 Budget will: Build on the success of the No Child Left Behind Act; Advance the President’s historic commitment to increasing access to higher education; Ensure Federal education investments are targeted to high-performing programs; and Support State and local leadership to improve the quality of education for America’s children. Building on the Success of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act • Improves access to quality education. Fosters positive change in the Nation’s schools by requiring accountability for results, offering more choices for parents and students, providing greater flexibility for States and school districts, and expanding the use of proven instructional methods. Successful NCLB results include: ¡ Improvement across-the-board in fourth and eighth grade reading and math on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) with minority students posting all-time highs in a number of categories; ¡ Increase of 11 percentage points in second grade reading scores in the research-based Reading First program from 2004–2006; ¡ Establishment in all 50 States of systems for holding districts and schools accountable for improving student achievement; and ¡ Enhanced educational options for students in struggling schools, including the choice of a better performing public school and access to free tutoring. • Builds on the 2007 blueprint for reauthorizing and strengthening NCLB. ¡ $14.3 billion for Title I, a 63-percent increase since 2001. ¡ $1 billion for effective, research-based literacy instruction through Reading First. ¡ $491 million for School Improvement Grants to help turn around schools in need of improvement, along with over $570 million reserved from Title I. 2007 Reading Achievement Gains on NAEP Student Group Grade 4 Since 2000 Since 2005 Grade 8 Since 2000 Since 2005 Overall White Black Hispanic Indicates the score was significantly higher in 2007. Indicates there was no significant change in the score in 2007. Source: National Center for Educational Statistics 53 54 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION • Expands school choice to support students at risk of being left behind. ¡ $25 million, or 12-percent, increase in Federal grants to charter schools. ¡ A new $300 million Pell Grants for Kids to enable low income students enrolled in low performing schools to attend a private or out of district public school. ¡ Reforms to the 21st Century Community Learning Centers program to make $800 million available in scholarships for low-income students to participate in after school programs of their choice. • Assists at-risk students. Provide extra assistance for students most at risk of being left behind, including students with disabilities, migrant students, students in State-run institutions, and limited English proficient students. • Emphasizes math and science. Ensure the Nation’s future competitiveness by supporting the education components of the President’s American Competitiveness Initiative. ¡ $70 million to train teachers to teach Advanced Placement/International Baccalaureate courses and expand low-income students access to these courses. ¡ $95 million for Math Now, to prepare elementary and middle school students for more rigorous high school math classes. ¡ $10 million for an Adjunct Teacher Corps to bring math and science professionals into highneed schools as teachers. Sustaining the President’s Historic Commitment to Higher Education • Makes college more affordable for neediest students. In September 2007, the President signed the College Cost Reduction and Access Act into law, which helped further his longstanding goal of increasing need-based aid for students. The Act provided $11.4 billion in new funding for Pell Grants over the next five years building on the Administration’s unprecedented funding increase for this program. The Budget implements and builds on this law and promotes access to higher education by providing: ¡ $95 billion in loans and grants to help 10.9 million students pay for college; ¡ $2.7 billion increase in annual appropriations for Pell Grants. This investment, together with funding provided by the College Cost Reduction and Access Act, will support a maximum Pell Grant of $4,800 in 2009 and allow the maximum grant to rise to $5,400 by 2012; ¡ $21 million to improve access to, and success in, postsecondary education for adult and non-traditional students and $363 million in new loans for short-term training; and ¡ A 50-percent tax credit for the first $2,000 that moderate- and low-income parents invest annually in 529 tuition-savings accounts. Major Savings and Reforms • In order to fund increases for education programs that are effective or show promise of demonstrating results while restraining overall Federal spending, the Budget reduces or terminates funding for 50 programs totaling $3.8 billion. Many of these funding reductions were based, in part, on the Administration’s thorough review of programs under the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART). Program terminations include: ¡ Even Start, which received an Ineffective PART rating and failed to effectively increase the literacy skills of participating children and parents according to three national evaluations; and ¡ Small, narrowly focused programs that have not demonstrated results, do not align with national priorities, or can be funded under other authorities, including programs such as the THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2009 55 Exchanges with Historic Whaling and Trading Partners, Education Technology State Grants, and the Carol M. White Physical Education Program. Populations served by these programs receive services through other Federal programs. Since 2001, the Department of Education has: • Reformed K–12 education through the No Child Left Behind Act, which is raising academic standards for students, improving accountability in schools and States, and expanding parental choice. • Aligned the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act with No Child Left Behind accountability systems to improve the quality of education for students with disabilities and ensure that all students achieve high academic standards. • Reformed the Federal student aid programs to make them more cost efficient and targeted additional aid to the neediest students, including an estimated 5.3 million Pell Grant recipients in the 2007/2008 academic year. • Assessed 92 programs using the PART to guide budget decisions and programmatic reforms. Educational Reform, Infrastructure Improvements, and National Security in the District of Columbia The District of Columbia (D.C.) is the Seat of Government of the United States and the Nation’s capital. As such, the Federal Government has a particular interest in ensuring that D.C. provides a healthy, vibrant environment for its local citizens and visitors from across the Nation and around the world. Accordingly, the Budget provides $157 million for D.C. This includes $74 million to improve K–12 education in the District, the Mayor’s top priority. The Budget expands upon the successful three-sector education strategy, an effort to help all sectors of education in the Nation’s capital. In addition to $18 million in base funding, the Budget provides $20 million to jump-start reform initiatives for the District’s traditional public school system, where the Mayor’s office has assumed more responsibility and is committed to building on key principles of the No Child Left Behind Act. It provides $18 million to support public charter school development and quality, and $18 million to continue and better target the D.C. Opportunity Scholarship program, which provides District parents—particularly low-income parents—more options for obtaining a quality education for their children. The Budget proposes an increase to the maximum scholarship amount for high school tuition, and to track future tuition expenses more accurately by indexing the scholarships to inflation. The Budget also supports the District’s unique position as the Nation’s capital by providing $15 million for planning and security costs directly related to the Federal Government’s presence in the District. These funds defray D.C.’s security costs for events such as the 2009 Presidential inauguration, and the annual World Bank and International Monetary Fund meetings. The President’s Budget continues support for infrastructure improvements and public safety projects in the District, providing: $14 million to rehabilitate existing water, sewer, and waste water treatment systems; $10 million to support forensic and public health needs; and $7 million to continue the rehabilitation of the city’s public libraries. 56 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Department of Education (Dollar amounts in millions) 2007 Actual Estimate 2008 2009 Spending Discretionary Budget Authority: No Child Left Behind Act: Title I Grants to LEAs 1 ................................................................................. School Improvement Grants ........................................................................ Reading First ..................................................................................................... Striving Readers ............................................................................................... Pell Grants for Kids .......................................................................................... 21st Century Learning Opportunities ....................................................... Charter Schools Grants ................................................................................. 12,838 125 1,029 32 — 981 215 13,899 491 393 35 — 1,081 211 14,305 491 1,000 100 300 800 236 American Competitiveness Initiative ......................................................... Teacher Quality State Grants ...................................................................... Teacher Incentive Fund.................................................................................. English Language Acquisition State Grants ........................................... 37 2,887 — 669 44 2,935 97 700 175 2,835 200 730 Special Education State Grants 2 .................................................................. Career and Technical Education State Grants 3 ...................................... Adult Education ..................................................................................................... Federal Student Aid: Pell Grants—Discretionary funding ........................................................... Pell Grants—Mandatory funding (non-add) .......................................... 10,783 1,182 572 10,948 1,161 561 11,285 — 568 13,661 — 14,215 2,030 16,851 2,090 Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants..................................... Federal Work Study......................................................................................... 771 980 757 980 — 980 Higher Education: Minority Serving Institutions—Discretionary funding .......................... Minority Serving Institutions—Mandatory funding (non-add) ......... TRIO programs—Discretionary funding .................................................. TRIO programs—Mandatory funding (non-add) ................................. GEAR UP ............................................................................................................ National Security Language Initiative ....................................................... All other .................................................................................................................... Total, Discretionary budget authority 4 ............................................................. 435 — 828 — 303 24 9,116 57,469 432 250 828 57 303 26 9,063 59,183 293 250 828 57 303 59 6,850 59,210 ............... 374 — — Total, Discretionary outlays ................................................................................... 57,367 60,171 59,032 Memorandum: Budget authority from enacted supplementals THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2009 57 Department of Education—Continued (Dollar amounts in millions) Estimate 2007 Actual 2008 2009 Mandatory Outlays: Legislative proposal, Federal Direct Student Loans ................................ 4,194 4,973 1,349 Legislative proposal, Federal Family Education Loans .......................... Legislative proposal, Perkins Loan recall .................................................... Pell Grants, Mandatory add-on........................................................................ Academic Competitiveness/SMART Grants ............................................... Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) State Grants............................................... All other .................................................................................................................... Total, Mandatory outlays ........................................................................................ 1,766 — — 449 2,766 150 9,025 1,092 — 562 599 2,916 63 7,895 1,094 1,116 2,026 705 2,945 183 4,488 Total, Outlays .............................................................................................................. 66,392 68,066 63,520 Credit activity Direct Loan Disbursements: TEACH Grants ....................................................................................................... Legislative proposal, Loans for Short Term Training ............................... Federal Direct Student Loans (FDSL)........................................................... FDSL Consolidation............................................................................................. Historically Black College and University Capital Financing................. Total, Direct loan disbursements ......................................................................... — — 12,290 3,575 170 16,035 30 — 13,832 4,114 192 18,168 96 37 14,594 4,424 147 19,298 Guaranteed Loan Disbursements: Legislative proposal, Loans for Short Term Training ............................... Family Federal Education Loans (FFEL) ..................................................... FFEL Consolidation ............................................................................................. Total, Guaranteed loan disbursements ............................................................. — 50,181 46,596 96,777 — 54,875 33,991 88,866 246 57,076 38,018 95,340 Major Savings, Discretionary Terminations .................................................................................................................... Reductions ....................................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4 Number of Programs 2009 Savings 47 3,261 544 3 Program level. Budget authority is $551 million less than program level in 2008. Program level. Budget authority is $1,433 million less than program level in 2008 and $791 million less than program level in 2009. Program level. Budget authority is $791 million more than program level in 2009. Program level. Budget authority is $1,984 million less than program level in 2008. The 2008 discretionary total does not include mandatory changes enacted in that year’s appropriations bills. The 2009 discretionary total is net of two mandatory changes—a $652 million cancellation of Academic Competitiveness/SMART Grant balances, and a $101 million reduction from the VR State Grants baseline.