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THE
BUDGET
OF THE
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT
FISCAL YEAR
1978
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $3.45
Stock No. 041-001-00131-0
THE
BUDGET
OF THE
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT
FISCAL YEAR
1978
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $3.45
Stock No. 041-001-00131-0
THE BUDGET DOCUMENTS
Data and analyses relating to the budget for 1978 are published in
six documents:
The Budget of the United States Government, 1978 contains the
information that most users of the budget would normally need,
including the Budget Message of the President. The Budget presents
an overview of the President's budget proposals and includes explanations of spending programs and estimated receipts. This document
also contains a description of the budget system and various summary
tables on the budget as a whole. (Price $3.45.)
The Budget of the United States Government, 1978—Appendix contains
detailed information on the various appropriations and funds that
comprise the budget.
The Appendix contains more detailed information than any of the
other budget documents. It includes for each agency: the proposed
text of appropriation language, budget schedules for each account,
explanations of the work to be performed and the funds needed,
proposed general provisions applicable to the appropriations of entire
agencies or groups of agencies, and schedules of permanent positions.
Supplemental, and rescission proposals for the current year, and new
legislative proposals, are presented separately. Information is also
provided on certain activities whose outlays are not part of the
budget totals. (Price $13.00.)
Special Analyses, Budget of the United States Government, 1978 contains 17 special analyses that are designed to highlight specified program areas or provide other significant presentations of Federal
budget data.
This document includes analytical information about: Government
finances and operations as a wnole and how they affect the economy;
Government-wide program and financial information for Federal
education, training and employment, health, income security, civil
rights, and crime reduction programs; trends and developments in
the areas of Federal aid to State and local governments, research and
development, and environmental protection. (Price $2.70.)
The United States Budget in Brief, 1978 provides a more concise,
less technical overview of the 1978 budget than the above volumes.
Summary and historical tables on the Federal budget and debt are
also provided, together with graphic displays. (Price $1.15.)
Issues J78 provides greater background information than any other
general executive branch document on major budget and program
decisions reflected in the President's Budget and on certain major
issues confronting the Nation this year and in the future. Published
for the first time with the 1977 budget (as "Seventy Issues"), this
document is intended for a general audience rather than for those with
particular interests. (Price not available at time of publication.)
The Budget of the United States Government, 1978—Supplement contains the President's recommendations on Executive, Legislative, and
Judicial salaries and is transmitted pursuant to section 225 of Public
Law 90-206 (2 U.S.C. 351 et. seq.). (Price not available at time of
publication.)
GENERAL NOTES
1. All years referred to are fiscal years, unless otherwise noted.
2. Detail in the tables, text, and charts of this volume may not add
to the totals because of rounding.
II
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART 1. THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
PART 2. BUDGET SUMMARY
Budget totals
Ml
1
2
Budget proposals
Integration of budget and management reviews
Fiscal activities outside the Federal budget
PART 3. ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS A N D LONG-RANGE BUDGET PROJECTIONS,
Economic assumptions
Long-range budget projections
PART 4. BUDGET RECEIPTS
Summary
Enacted tax changes
Proposed tax changes
Changes in budget receipts
Receipts by source
9
24
25
39
40
43
55
56
57
61
65
66
PART 5. THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
69
Introduction
National defense
International affairs
General science, space, and technology
Natural resources, environment, and energy
Agriculture
Commerce and transportation
Community and regional development
Education, training, employment, and social services
Health
Income security
Veterans benefits and services
Law enforcement and justice
General government
Revenue sharing and general purpose fiscal assistance
Interest
Allowances
Undistributed offsetting receipts
PART 6. SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE BUDGET
Budget authority
Budget funds and the Federal debt
Reconciliation of actual and estimated receipts and relatively uncontrollable outlays
70
74
87
94
100
116
121
133
143
155
164
178
185
189
193
197
199
201
203
204
206
211
PART 7. THE BUDGET SYSTEM AND CONCEPTS
221
The budget process
Coverage of the budget totals
Budget authority and related transactions
Collections
Other transactions
Basis for budget
r
figures
III
222
227
229
231
233
234
IV
CONTENTS
PART 8. THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
Explanatory note
Legislative branch
The Judiciary
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense—Military
Department of Defense—Civil
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of the Interior
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
Department of State
Department of Transportation
Department of the Treasury
Energy Research and Development Administration
Environmental Protection Agency
General Services Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Veterans Administration
Other independent agencies
Allowances
Budget totals
Off-budget Federal entities
PART 9. SUMMARY TABLES
Explanatory note relating to the summary tables
Table 1. Budget summary
Table 2. Budget receipts, outlays, and budget authority
Table 3. Budget authority by agency
Table 4. Outlays by agency
Table 5. Obligations incurred, net
Table 6. Budget authority available through current action by Congress
Table 7. Outlays from budget authority available through current action by Congress
Table 8. Budget financing and outstanding debt
Table 9. Relation of budget authority to outlays
Table 10. Balances of budget authority
Table 11. Full-time permanent civilian employment in the executive branch
Table 12. Budget receipts by source
Table 13. Offsetting receipts by type
Table 14. Budget authority by function and agency
Table 15. Outlays by function and agency
Table 16. Controllability of budget outlays, 1968-78
Table 17. Legislative proposals for major new and expanded programs in the 1978 budget
Table 18. Budget receipts by source, 1969-79
Table 19. Budget outlays by function, 1969-79
Table 20. Federal transactions in the national income accounts, 1967-78
Table 21. Federal finances and the gross national product, 1954-79
Table 22. Composition of budget outlays in current and constant (fiscal year 1972) prices:
1955-79
Table 23. Budget receipts and outlays, 1789-1979
INDEX
Page
237
238
239
245
247
250
256
267
273
279
283
292
297
307
309
312
316
322
327
328
329
333
334
337
365
365
368
369
370
371
372
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
382
384
385
388
391
405
420
422
424
426
434
435
436
437
438
PART 1
THE BUDGET MESSAGE
OF THE
PRESIDENT
Ml
THE BUDGET DOUAR
Fiscal Ytm
1919 Estimate
Excise Taxes ^
. _ --,
;
_V»
Direct
Benefit
Payments
to Individuals
BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
To the Congress of the United States:
The budget is the President's blueprint for the operation of the
Government in the year ahead. It records his views on priorities and
directions for the future—balancing the American desire to solve every
perceived problem at once with the practical reality of limited resources and competing needs.
The thirty budgets I have either shaped or helped to shape are a
chronicle of our lives and times. They tell us what we have aspired to be
and what we have been in fact. The}^ tell us about the growing complexity of our society, about the changing and growing role of our Government, and about new problems we have identified and our attempts to
solve them.
In shaping my budgets as President, I have sought to renew the
basic questions about the composition and direction of the Government and its programs. In my reviews of existing and proposed
programs and activities I have asked:
—Is this activity important to our national security or sense of
social equity?
—Is this activity sufficiently important to require that we tax
our people or borrow funds to pay for it?
—Must the Federal Government raise the taxes or borrow the
funds or should State or local government do so?
—Should the Federal Government direct and manage the activity or should it limit its role to the provision of financing?
—How has the program performed in the past? Have the benefits
outweighed the costs in dollars or other burdens imposed?
—Have the benefits gone to the intended beneficiary?
—Does this activity conflict with or overlap another?
As a result of these reviews I have proposed to reverse some trends and
to accelerate others.
I have proposed, and repropose this year, a marked slowdown in
the rate of growth in Government spending. Over the last three
decades, Federal, State, and local government spending has grown
from 18% of GNP to 34% of GNP. Federal spending growth has
averaged 10% per year over the last decade. And even these percentages do not tell the whole stor}". As the budget documents illustrate,
there has been a trend over the last few years toward so-called "offbudget" spending. This is an undesirable practice because it obscures
M3
M4
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
the real impact of the Federal Government and makes it more difficult
for any but the most technically knowledgeable citizens to understand
what their Government is doing. Therefore, I am calling for legislation
to halt this practice so that our budget system will fully reflect the
financial activities of the Government.
In a related attempt to gain greater control over the rate of growth
of Government spending I have given special attention this year to
spending plans for fiscal year 1979, the year after the budget year. For
the first time, the Federal budget shows detailed planning amounts for
the year beyond the budget year. This innovation grows out of my
conviction that our only real hope of curbing the growth of Federal
spending is to plan further in advance and to discipline ourselves to
stick to those plans.
From the standpoint of deficits of most recent years the 1978 budget
I present shows us fairly close to balance in 1979 and shows balanced
budgets thereafter. The effects on 1978 and 1979 spending of congressional action in the last session rejecting many of the restraints I proposed for the current fiscal year, 1977, made total balance in 1979
impossible unless I was willing to abandon, at least in part, the further
immediate tax relief I have advocated since October of 1975 and, for
no reason other than being able to show such a 1979 balance, cut back
from program levels I feel are justified. These alternatives were unacceptable, but given the greatly reduced deficit for 1979 this budget
implies, congressional cooperation on the restraints I propose and a
slightly better economic performance in the months ahead than we
have used in preparing this 1978 budget, it is entirely possible that
when the 1979 budget is due to be submitted, a year from now, it
could be in total balance as I have strived to achieve.
With restraint on the growth of Federal spending, we can begin to
provide permanent tax reductions to ease the burden on middleincome taxpayers and businesses. For too long Government has
presumed that it is "entitled" to the additional tax revenues generated
as inflation and increases in real income push taxpayers into higher
tax brackets. We need to reverse this presumption. We need to put
the burden of proof on the Government to demonstrate the reasons
why individuals and businesses should not keep the income and wealth
they produce. Accordingly, my long-term budget projections assume
further tax relief will be provided, rather than presuming, as has been
the practice in the past, that positive margins of receipts over expenditures that show up in projections are "surpluses" or "fiscal dividends"
that must be used primarily for more Federal spending, on existing
or new programs or both.
One trend has been reversed in the past two years. After several
years of decline in real spending for national security purposes the
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
M5
Congress has agreed in substantial part to my recommendations for
increases in defense spending. The budget I propose this year and the
planning levels for the succeeding four years assume a continuation
of this real growth trend. My recommendations are the result of a
careful assessment of our own defense posture and that of our potential
adversaries. In this area as in all others, I am recommending spending
I consider essential while at the same time proposing savings in outmoded or unwarranted activities. For the longer term, my recommendations recognize the simple fact that we must plan now for the
defense systems we will need 10 years from now.
This same approach was reflected last year in my recommendations
for the Federal Government's basic research and development programs. In spite of the financial pressures on the Federal budget, I
recommended real growth. I am again proposing real growth for basic
research and development programs this year because I am convinced
that we must maintain our world leadership in science and technology
in order to increase our national productivity and attain the better
life we want for our people and the rest of the world.
I am also calling again for an end to the proliferation of new Federal
programs and for consolidation of many of the programs we now
have. At last count there are 1,044 programs identified in the Catalog
of Federal Domestic Assistance. While our Nation has many needs,
there is no rational justification for the maze that has been created.
Overlap and duplication are not the only defects of these programs;
nor are they the most serious. More importantly, the current programs
too often fail to aid the intended beneficiaries as much as expected,
rewarding instead those who have learned how to work the Washington
system. Some of these programs fail to pinpoint responsibility and
accountability for performance and too many impose a managerial and
operating burden on the Federal Government, diverting attention
from the functions that must be performed at the Federal level and
at the same time usurping the proper roles of State and local governments and the private sector.
If we could ever afford the "luxury" of this inefficiency and ineptitude, we can no longer. Federal programs for health services, elementary and secondary education, child nutrition and welfare, for
example, are areas that desperately need reform. I called for action last
year and prepared detailed legislative proposals. Those who truly care
about the needs of our people will not let another year go by without
reform. There is no excuse, for example, for the Federal Government
to have 15 different child nutrition programs spending over $3 billion
per year and still have 700,000 children from families below the poverty
line who receive no aid. Nor is there any reason to take the money out
of the taxpayers7 pockets to subsidize their own children's school
lunch.
M6
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
It will take real courage to correct these problems and the others
I have identified for congressional action without following the all
too familiar pattern of the past—simply adding more programs. But,
increasingly, courage is not a choice; it is an absolute requirement if
we are to avoid ever larger, less responsive government.
The task ahead will not be easy because it will require some fundamental changes in our expectations for Government. As a start, we
need to understand that income and wealth are not produced in
Washington, they are only redistributed there. As a corollary, we need
to overcome the idea that Members of the Congress are elected to
bring home Federal projects for their district or State. Until this idea is
totally rejected, higher funding levels for old programs and more new
programs will be enacted each year as Members of the Congress seek
to insure their reelection. We also need to overcome the prevalent
attitude that only new programs with multibillion-dollar price tags
are worthy of media attention and public discussion and worthy of
being judged bold and innovative. The multitude of programs already
in a budget of more than $400 billion and initiatives to do something
about them are worthy of intense public scrutiny, discussion and judgment in their own right.
These changes in attitude will require leadership not only by the
executive branch, but, at least equally important, on the part of each
Member of the Congress. Members of the Congress must begin to
share the burden of the President in saying no to special interest
groups—even those in their own districts or States.
The changes that have occurred in the congressional budgetmaking
process in recent years provide some basis for optimism for the future.
The new budget committees have begun to provide a counterbalance
to the spending and taxing committees, offering hope that the total
effect of the splintered actions of the other committees will be given
equal weight in the congressional process.
But more progress is needed. Just as the budget process cannot do
the whole job in the executive branch, it cannot in the Congress either.
No matter how streamlined and properly organized the departments
and agencies of the executive branch or the committees and subcommittees of the Congress become—and there is surely room for substantial improvement in this respect at both ends of Pennsylvania
Avenue—the executive branch must continue to refine and the Congress must adopt processes whereby recommendations to the President
or to the House or Senate, as the case may be, on major issues are
developed by task force groups representing the competing priorities of
various departments and agencies and of the various congressional
committees and subcommittees. The reason is simply that most major
THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT
M7
issues cut across jurisdictional lines, no matter how well drawn—
energy, international affairs, and welfare reform, to name but a few
examples. I urge the new administration to build on what has been
accomplished in this regard in the executive branch. I urge the Congress promptly to put into place the necessary counterpart mechanisms. Such improvements in process, coupled with further progress in
the development of the budget process, will help substantially in
addressing and meeting our problems and attaining the goals we have
set for our Nation.
The last thirty budgets record a turbulent period iD our history;
wars, domestic strife and serious economic problems. In the last two
years, we have laid the foundation for a positive future. We have
stabilized international relationships and created the framework for
global progress. At home, we have restored confidence in government
while reversing the trends of inflation and unemployment. Building on
this solid base, the policies and programs contained in this budget can
help us to fulfill the promise of America.
GERALD K. FORD
JANUARY 17,
1977.
PART 2
BUDGET SUMMARY
BUDGET SUMMARY
This part of the Budget discusses the budget totals, major proposals
contained in the budget, and fiscal activities that are not included
within the budget totals.
THE BUDGET TOTALS
The President's budget recommendations call for outlays of $440
billion in 1978, an increase of 7.0% from this year, and $466 billion
in 1979, an increase of 5.9% from 1978. In the 10 years through
1977, increases in budget outlays average 10%. As noted in the
next section, a number of program restraints and reforms, resulting
in $12.4 billion in savings in 1978 and $22.4 billion in 1979, will be
necessary to hold the increase in Federal spending to the amounts
in this budget. These spending restraints and reforms make it possible
to provide added funds for high priority programs, to reduce income
taxes in 1977 and again in future years and, at the same time, to
reduce the deficit to near balance in 1979. Most of the savings from
spending restraints and program reforms will require congressional
agreement.
The President proposes a reduction in income taxes, retroactive to
January 1, 1977, that will provide $7.2 billion of tax relief in 1977
and $14.7 billion in 1978 relative to extension of current tax law. He
also proposes further income tax cuts of $7.3 billion in 1980, $19.6
billion in 1981, and $30.6 billion in 1982 to offset the rise in effective
tax rates that would otherwise occur as inflation and real growth move
taxpayers into higher tax brackets.
Major changes are also proposed in the structure of the income
tax system, such as integration of individual and corporation income
taxes to eliminate double taxation of corporate dividends. An increase
in social security tax rates is necessary to maintain the financial
integiity of the system.
Taking these tax proposals into account, total anticipated receipts
are $393.0 billion for 1978, an increase of 11.0% from this year, and
$454.4 billion for 1979, an increase of 15.6% from 1978.
2
BUDGET
SUMMARY
THE BUDGET TOTALS
[In billions of dollars]
Item
Budget receipts
Budget outlays
Budget deficit ( - )
Deficit of off-budget Federal entities
Total deficit ( - )
1976
actual
300.0
366.5
TQ
actual
81.8
94.8
1977
1978
1979
estimate estimate estimate
354.0
411.2
393.0
440.0
454.4
466.0
-66.5
-13.0
-57.2
-47.0
-11.6
-7.2
-1.8
-10.8
-9.2
-10.9
-73.7
-14.7
-68.0
-56.1
-22.5
Off-budget outlays.—Not all budget authority and outlays of
Federal agencies are included within the budget totals; some fiscal
entities (most of which carry out loan programs) are required under
provisions of law to be excluded from the budget. Such "off-budget"
spending does not differ in nature, in effect, or in concept from spending under similar programs included in the budget; financing of this
spending adds to Federal borrowing requirements and to the Federal
debt. The President recommends legislation to restore transactions of
off-budget Federal entities to the budget beginning with next year's
budget. Off-budget Federal entities and other fiscal activities not
explicitly covered by the budget (such as loan guarantee programs and
tax expenditures) are discussed in the last section of this Part.
Additional focus on outyears.—In an effort to focus more attention
on the crucial "outyear" effects of current proposals, last year's
budget discussion of the Federal program by function noted the next
year's effects of major proposals. This budget goes further. In most
tables in this document, 1979 numbers are displa}^ed with the numbers
for the budget year, 1978. These 1979 figures reflect, insofar as practicable, not only the 1979 effects of the 1978 budget, but anticipated
1979 initiatives as well.
The need to look ahead is well demonstrated by the next two tables.
The first, The Budget Margin, 1977-82, shows the longer term implications of this budget. The second, The Margin, 1977-82, Without
the President's Proposals, is intended to indicate what such margins
in the out}^ears might look like if the President's proposed spending
restraints and reforms and proposed tax changes were not adopted.
The adjustments from the budget totals to arrive at the numbers in
this second table are explained in more detail in subsequent sections
of this Part 2.
The first table illustrates that the President's program yields a
margin of $14.3 billion in 1982 after taking into account the off-budget
outlays. However, the only reason there is a margin is the automatic
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
THE BUDGET MARGIN, 1977-82
[In billions of dollars]
1977
Receipts under current law and tax proposals
and adjustments
Outlays under current and proposed programs.
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
354.0
411.2
393.0
440.0
454.4
466.0
510.0
496.6
553.1
527.0
587.3
558.7
Margin under current law and proposed changes
—57.2 —47.0 —11.6
13.4
26.1
28.6
Deficit of off-budget Federal entities
—10.8 —9.2 —10.9 —12.1 —13.1 —14.3
Margin including off-budget Federal
entities1
-68.0
1
-56.1
-22.5
1.4
13.0
14.3
For possible kinds of competing uses of the margins, see text following next table.
increase in the ratio of tax liabilities to personal income that occurs
between 1977 and 1979 as inflation and real growth push taxpayers
into higher tax brackets after 1977. (The President's proposed tax
cuts for 1980-82 mentioned earlier would prevent such increases after
1979.) Additional personal income tax cuts of $16.7 billion in 1980,
$26.9 billion in 1981, and $29.0 billion in 1982 would be required to
reduce the tax burden to the proposed 1977 level.
The next table shows the budget margin using current tax law extended to determine receipts and using a current services concept to
determine outlays. Under that concept, the outlay estimates reflect
the anticipated cost of continuing Federal programs without the policy
changes proposed by the President. Even though outlays on a current
services basis are considerably higher than under the President's program, the margin is larger because the tax burden is very much higher
without the President's tax recommendations. His recommended
personal income tax reductions and social security tax increases provide a net reduction in the tax burden of $47.5 billion by 1982.
BUDGET SUMMARY
THE MARGIN, 1977-82, WITHOUT THE PRESIDENT'S PROPOSALS
[In billions of dollars]
1977
Receipts under current tax law, extended
Outlays without proposed increases or restraints
Margin, without the President's proposals.
Deficit of off-budget Federal entities
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
360.9
407.6
465.0
526.4
584.6
634.8
411.2
445.4
472.7
502.1
531.5
564.8
-50.3 -37.8
-7.7
-10.8
-9.2
-10.9
Margin, including off-budget Federal entities. -61.1
-46.9
24.3
-12.1
-18.6
53.0
-13.1
12.2
70.0
-14.3
40.0
55.7
MEMORANDUM
Examples of possible use of the margin: 1
The President's tax program (net), exclusive
of next line item
The President's proposal to reduce the average individual income tax rate to 1979
level
Further reduction of the average individual
income tax rate to 1977 level
Inflation adjustments 2
Costs of renewal of antirecession financial
assistance and other temporary programs.
Debt reduction (up to H % of GNP)
New programs and program growth
Other tax relief for individuals and tax
incentives for business
-6.9
-14.9
-10.6
-4.7
—2.0
—2.8
-11.9
-16.9
-7.3
-2.1
-9.1
-19.6
-30.6
-16.7
-7A
-26.9
-9.4
-29.0
-11.5
—2.0
-12.6
(3)
—.7
-13.7
(3)
—.5
-14.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1
It is obvious that some of these alternatives are mutually exclusive if the budget is to remain in
balance in 1980-82.
2
This outlay adjustment is for inflation only in programs that were not so adjusted in arriving
at 3 the outlays shown in the table. See text.
Amounts are dependent on costs of the particular initiatives undertaken.
Even though the margins shown above are larger than the margins
implied by the President's program, it can easily be shown that in
either case there are competing uses of resources in the 1980's, which
240-000 O - 77 - 2
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
could far exceed the margin. The memorandum section of the table
clearly illustrates this point. First, the only reason that there is any
margin at all is that automatic increases occur in the average personal
income tax rate as inflation and real growth push taxpayers into
higher tax brackets after 1977. The first two line items in the memorandum section illustrate the net effect on such margin of the President's tax proposals. Since the outlays in the table do not reflect the
President's outlay constraints, the President's tax proposals would
more than absorb the margin in 1980, but do leave some margin in
1981 and 1982. The third line item shows the additional tax cut that
would be necessary to reduce the ratio of individual income tax
liabilities to personal income in the outyears back down to the 1977
ratio that results from the President's proposals. This would more than
absoib the remaining 1981 and 1982 margins.
Current services outlay estimates only adjust indexed programs and
major capital purchases for inflation, and, therefore, imply that the
level of other programs in constant dollars erodes through time. The
fourth line item shows the inflation adjustment necessary to prevent
such erosion in program levels. The fifth line item shows the impact of
limited renewal of antirecession programs enacted as temporary programs. It should be noted that the economy is assumed to be operating
at full capacity in the early 1980's, and in these circumstances most
economists would advocate that the Federal Government run a
surplus—and thus retire debt—in order to provide savings for capital
formation. The sixth line item shows the amount that would be
required to reduce the national debt by one-half of 1 percent of GNP.
Obviously, to attain this level of debt reduction in 1980 there would
have to be some cut in outlays from current services levels. New
programs, program growth, or other tax cuts are also possible uses of
the margin, the cost of which would be dependent on the particular
initiatives.
It is recommended, as a useful next step in the improvement of the
Government's budget process, that next year's budget also give such
additional attention to the second year beyond the budget year
rather than just the first. It would also be useful for congressional
budget data consistently to reflect the longer range impact of budget
year data at each step in the congressional budget process.
Changes in the budget over time.—Notwithstanding every effort to
refine and apply the best estimating techniques available, the estimates set forth in the budget will turn out to be different from the
actual figures recorded at the end of 1978—a year and 8 months from
the time they are submitted to the Congress. There will be many
reasons for the differences. Economic assumptions, covered in Part
BUDGET SUMMARY
BUDGET AUTHORITY
[In billions of dollars]
Description
Available through current action by Congress:
Enacted and pending:
Appropriations
Rescissions pending
Proposed in this budget:
Appropriation requests
Supplemental requests
To be requested separately:
Under existing legislation
Upon enactment of proposed legislation
Allowances:
Civilian agencies!
Department of Defense—Military2
Subtotal, available through current action of the
Congress
1976
actual
266.9
TQ
actual
55.3
1977
1978
estimate estimate
264.5
—1.1
5.6
18.4
303.2
0.1
0.2
0.7
3.6
2.9
2.4
266.9
55.3
287.7
312.9
145.9
37. 1
18.8
-53.3
35. 2
8. 1
3. 4
-10. 5
153.6
42.0
12.0
-59.5
171. 5
44. 6
12. 5
-61. 1
415.3
91.4
435.9
480.4
0.6
9.0
*
3.5
0.9
12.3
83.8
10.1
9.6
3.5
13.2
93.8
424.9
94.9
449.1
574.3
Available without current action by the Congress (permanent authorizations):3
Trust funds (existing law)
Interest on the public debt
Other
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total, budget authority
MEMORANDUM
Budget authority for off-budget Federal entities:
Available through current action by the Congress
Available without current action by the Congress
Total off-budget Federal entities
Total budget authority including off-budget Federal
entities
*Less than $50 million.
Includes allowances for civilian agency pay raises and contingencies.
Includes allowances for civilian and military pay raises for Department of Defense.
Allowances for relatively uncontrollable programs with permanent authorizations are estimated
at zero.
1
2
3
8
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
3, are never completely accurate. Differences between actual economic
conditions and those assumed can materially affect both outlays and
receipts. For example, if the annual rate of economic expansion in
calendar years 1977 and 1978 were to be 1 percentage point higher than
has been assumed, the 1978 deficit would be reduced by about $7.5
billion. Furthermore, in many programs benefits are paid automatically to those who meet specified criteria. Thus, the rate at which
individuals or States and localities apply for benefits can have a major
effect on the level of Federal spending. Particularly in the case of new
programs, or programs that have recently undergone substantial
change, the number of eligible applicants is difficult to predict accurately. Finally, congressional rejection of Presidential decisions, and
other factors can also cause substantial changes to the budget
estimates.
These points are well illustrated by what happened to the President's
budget for 1976 and the transition quarter, now completed, and what
has happened thus far to his 1977 budget. Part 6 of the budget contains a reconciliation for 1976 and the transition quarter of actual
outlays for relatively uncontrollable programs with the original
budget estimates for those programs, and a similar reconciliation for
receipts.
Budget authority.—In order for Federal agencies to spend money,
Congress must first provide budget authority in one way or another.
For 1978, $480.4 billion in budget authority is requested for those
Federal operations included within the budget totals. Another $93.8
billion in budget authority is requested for Federal entities excluded
by statute from the budget totals.
Of the budget authority included within the budget totals, only
about 65% will require current action by the Congress to become
available; the rest is already available under prior legislation. Also,
only about 65% of the budget authority provided for on-budget
activities for 1978 will be spent in that year; the rest will carry over
for spending in 1979 and subsequent years.
Budget authority is discussed more fully in Parts 6 and 7.
BUDGET PROPOSALS
In his budget message last year, the President stated that an
important dimension of the budget is the way it sorts out priorities
and that in formulating the 1977 budget he tried to achieve fairness
and balance:
—between the taxpayer and those who will benefit by Federal
spending;
—between national security and other pressing needs;
BUDGET SUMMARY
9
—between our own generation and the world we want to leave
to our children;
—between those in some need and those most in need;
—between the programs we already have and those we would like
to have;
—between aid to individuals and aid to State and local governments;
—between immediate implementation of a good idea and the need
to allow time for transition;
—between the desire to solve our problems quickly and the realization that for some problems, good solutions will take more time;
and
—between Federal control and direction to assure achievement of
common goals and the recognition that State and local governments and individuals may do as well or better without restraints.
The President's 1978 budget decisions were made on the same basis.
This budget proposes increases for those areas that must have high
priority, such as basic programs that meet essential human needs,
defense, and energy. At the same time, to permit these high-priority
increases and yet slow the rate of growth of total federal spending to a
rate that is compatible with tax relief and sustainable over time,
spending for many programs has been restrained—in some cases
slightly, and in others substantially.
The following table relates these increases and decreases to the
budget totals.
EFFECTS OF BUDGET PROPOSALS l
[In billions of dollars]
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
360.9
-7.2
.3
407.6
-16.3
1.7
465.0
-17.6
7.0
526.4
-28.3
11.9
584.6
-45.4
13.9
634.8
-62.3
14.8
354.0
393.0
454.0
510.0
553.1
587.3
411.2
1.2
-1.2
445.4
7.0
-12.4
472.7
15.7
-22.4
502.1
21.1
-26.6
531.5
26.7
-31.3
564.8
30.1
-36.2
411.2
440.0
466.0
496.6
527.0
558.7
-50.3
-57.2
-37.8
-47.0
-7.7
-11.6
24.3
13.4
53.0
26.1
70.0
28.6
Receipts:
Under current tax law, extended.__.
Proposed tax reductions
Proposed tax increases
Budget receipts
Outlays:
Current programs, unchanged
Proposed increases
Proposed reductions
.__
Budget outlays
Deficit (—) or margin:
Under current programs unchanged.
Budget deficit(-)
1
Totals do not reflect the recommendation to restore off-budget Federal entities to the budget.
10
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Initiatives
and program
increases.—Among
the major pro-
gram expansions and new programs proposed in the 1978 budget are
defense modernization, increases in education and health programs,
several important energy initiatives, increases in research and development programs, and the Bicentennial land heritage program. The
following listing shows these proposed 1978 budget increases from an
estimated "current services" budget base.
OUTLAY INCREASES DUE TO PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM
INCREASES, 1977-79
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlay increases
1977
1978
1979
PROPOSED ACTIONS REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION
National defense:
Modify personnel and retirement systems to meet long-term objectives
International affairs:
Fund U.S. participation in Sahel development program
Fund U.S. participation in balance of payments assistance loan for
Portugal
Natural resources, environment, and energy:
Establish an Energy Independence Authority to assist private industry
in developing U.S. energy resources
Create Bicentennial land heritage program to rehabilitate and expand
parks and wildlife refuges
Increase price of migratory bird hunting and conservation stamps to
permit increased acquisition of migratory bird refuges on a selffinancing basis
Reform EPA sewage plant construction grant programs to focus funding on high-priority improvements and to reduce the long-term
Federal commitment
Community and regional development:
Renew and revise expiring program authorized by the Indian Financing
Actof 1974
Authorization for administrative expenses for 1977 grants under the
local public works program
Education, training, employment, and social services:
Consolidate 23 existing categorical grant programs into a single
elementary and secondary education block grant to States
Health:
Expand medicare services covered by hospital insurance to include
unlimited stays in nonpsychiatric hospitals and skilled nursing facilities, and limit beneficiary liability to $500 a year, effective June 1,
1978
Limit medicare beneficiary liability for services covered by supplementary medical insurance to $250 a year, effective January 1, 1978 _ _
Upgrade facilities of St. Elizabeths Hospital for transfer to the District
of Columbia Government
92
5
50
130
120
55
189
134
10
145
19
42
300
181
10
-50
780
12
3
2
*
72
250
1,750
344
679
1
5
BUDGET SUMMARY
OUTLAY INCREASES DUE TO PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM
INCREASES, 1977-79—Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlay increases
1977
1978
1979
PROPOSED ACTIONS REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE
LEGISLATION—Continued
Veterans benefits and services:
Provide grants to States for construction and maintenance of veterans
cemeteries
General government:
Fund rehabilitation of Enewetak Atoll, ex gratia payments to residents
of Rongelap and Utirik Atolls, and typhoon-proofing of public facilities on Guam
Extend the Council on Wage and Price Stability
Revenue sharing and general purpose fiscal assistance:
Provide financial incentive for State and local governments to issue
taxable securities
Total, proposed actions requiring substantive legislation
4
5
2
114
1, 075
3,945
620
1,118
606
2,840
600
506
9
2
44
11
5
1,222
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION
National defense:
Increase Defense Department purchases in real terms for supplies, fuel,
training, recruiting, and other operations and maintenance activities.
Increase Defense Department procurement in real terms for essential
weapons systems acquisition
Increase Defense Department research, development, test and evaluation for new weapons systems development in real terms to provide
for necessary future defense modernization
Increase military construction to permit accelerated modernization of
domestic installations
Increase funding for military housing to remove deficiencies, such as
temporary World War II facilities
Increase funding for military assistance education and training
Increase nuclear weapons research and development, nuclear waste
management projects, and related activities
Acquire potential shortage materials for strategic stockpile
International affairs:
Help less-developed countries establish their own volunteer programs
(Peace Corps)
Provide capital replenishment for international financial institutions. _
Increase U.S. contributions to U.N. programs and International Atomic
Energy Agency
Increase funding for economic development assistance to less-developed
countries
Provide relief and reconstruction assistance for Lebanon
Increase AID operations to support economic development assistance
Increase international educational and cultural exchange activities
Replenish emergency refugee assistance fund
Make up arrears and shortfalls in U.S. contributions to U.N., UNESCO,
andOAS
87
57
8
183
8
88
183
216
265
3
1
204
1
360
18
26
40
100
10
24
3
15
113
10
27
6
15
26
37
56
12
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
OUTLAY INCREASES DUE TO PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM
INCREASES, 1977-79-Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Outlay increases
Function and program
1977
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE
1978
1979
LEGISLATION—Con.
International affairs—Continued
Increased funding for migration and refugee assistance activities
Resume construction on the Tijuana flood control project and begin
the Amistad powerplant
Provide further funds to support the Eighth Pan American Games in
Puerto Rico
Increased funding for Export-Import Bank to meet growth in export
demand
General science, space, and technology:
Fund two additional space shuttle orbiters and new space projects,
including the space telescope project
Increase National Science Foundation funding for basic research and
earthquake engineering
Increase research and development on nuclear power sources for NASA
and defense space missions and upgrade Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) basic research facilities
Natural resources, environment, and energy:
Increase funding for Corps of Engineers to meet dredging and other
maintenance workload
Initiate construction of Harry S. Truman transmission line in Missouri.
Increase funding for Tennessee Valley Authority water resources
projects
Increase Forest Service land management activities and forest reseach
efforts for recreation, wildlife, watershed, and other purposes
Increase funding for coastal zone management program
Increase Bureau of Land Management activities, particularly efforts to
aid energy supply development
Increase funding for Indian reservation mineral surveys and other
natural resources programs
Fully fund Land and Water Conservation Fund in 1978 and 1979 in
order to accelerate recreational land acquisition and facility development
Increase funding for operation and maintenance of National Parks
Increase historic preservation grants and related activities
Increase funding for Fish and Wildlife Service programs
Increase EPA enforcement activities in solid waste, toxic substances,
pesticides, and air quality areas
Increase funding for Nuclear Regulatory Commission reactor research
and safety programs and regulatory activities
Increase funding for energy conservation programs, including home
insulation assistance for low-income families and State conservation
grants
8
1
6
7
1
3
3
2
60
280
88
503
38
98
7
1
1
4
37
84
4
4
9
1
5
9
23
2
1
24
36
2
22
2
1
6
8
60
1
3
4
1
5
226
28
9
24
1
1
6
35
40
75
118
67
BUDGET SUMMARY
13
OUTLAY INCREASES DUE TO PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM
INCREASES, 1977-79—Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlay increases
1977
1978
1979
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION—Con.
Natural resourses, environment, and energy—Continued
Increase funding for U.S. Geological Survey, principally for a major
initiative to reduce earthquake hazards, plus mapping, and energyrelated and water data activities
Increase research, development and demonstration on both nuclear
and nonnuclear energy technologies, including nuclear nonproliferation initiatives, synthetic fuels commercial demonstration, and supporting research activities
Provide for increased production of enriched uranium for fuel and
ERDA program administrative support
Increase funds for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
mapping, marine and weather services
36
52
262
711
317
623
14
20
6
10
1
7
30
15
15
15
5
3
5
3
42
*
Agriculture:
Initiate a grant program to aid basic research in crop productivity
Redirect animal and plant health programs to emphasize brucellosis and
screwworm eradication
Commerce and transportation:
Increase funds for the urban homesteading demonstration program so
that more cities can participate
Expand Census Bureau programs for State and local government
financial data and other areas, and National Bureau of Standards
research
Increase efforts to promote U.S. productivity growth
Increase the number of mass transit grants pursuant to the Interstate
transfer provisions of 1973 highway legislation, and expand formula
grant aid
Provide analytical support to enable the automotive fuel economy
program to meet statutory deadlines
Increase program levels for selected highway safety programs
Fund Amtrak purchase of the Northeast Corridor from ConRail
Increase funding for Northeast Corridor railway 5-year improvement
program
Initiate railroad rehabilitation and improvement program, and administration policy of encouraging rail mergers and consolidations
Increase funding for air traffic control technology development
Increase staff, upgrade equipment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) national air traffic control system, and replace aging
FAA aircraft.
Fund the airports grant program at full authorized level
Increase funding for advanced aeronautical research and technology
to save fuel, increase performance and reduce engine noise
Increase Coast Guard activities to improve navigation, marine safety,
and marine environmental protection
Increase funding for Maritime Administration operations and training,Increase Materials Transportation Bureau pipeline safety and hazardous materials program
200
2
6
1
4
10
0
35
5
40
14
2
5
47
71
240 .
72
2
13
105
2
26
2
1
14
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
OUTLAY INCREASES DUE TO PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM
INCREASES, 1977-79—Continued
[I n millions of doll;»rs]
Outlay increases
1977
1978
1979
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION—Con.
Community and regional development:
Provide interim support for the National Institute of Building Sciences
and increase research into housing and urban development programs _
Begin redevelopment of Pennsylvania Avenue in the Nation's Capital.
Increase community development block grant funding, particularly that
going to older cities
Provide additional grants that can be used for urban parks, as part of
the proposed Bicentennial Land Heritage Program
Provide additional funding for Regional Action Planning Commissions.
Fund the recently enacted coastal energy impact program
Accelerate surveys offlood-pronecommunities so that more of them can
enter the regular Federal flood insurance program
Increase funding for Indian community development activities in
response to priorities set by Indian communities
Redirect Appalachian development programs to emphasize highway
construction
Education, training, employment, and social services:
Provide increased funding for Indian reservation education programs
in response to priorities set by Indian communities
Provide full funding for the basic educational opportunity grant program in view of increased participation rates
Expand operation of National Institute for the Deaf to full capacity. _
Add new facilities at Gallaudet College for the Deaf
Improve facilities at Howard University
Increase funding level for vocational and adult education program to
provide advance funding and funding for programs now under continuing resolution
Increase Office of Education staff, HEW, to stem fraud and abuse in
education programs
Increase National Institute of Education funding for educational research to strengthen priority research and dissemination activities. _
Increase funding for the National Foundation on the Arts and the
Humanities in order to piovide greater support for cultural activities.
Increase funding for national employment and training programs to aid
migrants, seasonal farmworkers and Indians, and increase Employment and Training Administration fundings primarily for technical
assistance to CETA sponsors
Increase CETA funding to provide part-time jobs for older workers
through States and localities rather than national organizations—
Increase funding for Bureau of Labor Statistics price, pioductivity, and
industrial relations programs
Increase other Department of Labor staff for legal work, enforcement
of Fair Labor Standards Act, Federal labor-management relations
work, and enforcement of the Employee Retirement Security Act
76
1
120
32
25
15
3
1
5
90
1
80
5
228
122
5
51
4
32
11
12
2
25
15
22
15
346
2
12
9
510
2
12
9
71
4
10
10
12
22
36
44
87
45
23
23
91
8
4
11
12
13
BUDGET SUMMARY
15
OUTLAY INCREASES DUE TO PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM
INCREASES, 1977-79
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlay increases
1977
1978
1979
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION—Con.
Education, training, employment, and social services—Continued
Redirect Runaway Youth Act funds to human development grants to
State and local governments in order to emphasize programs for the
aging and vocational rehabilitation
Increase counseling to homebuyers to help avoid mortgage defaults
Health:
Increase National Institutes of Health funds for basic biomedical
research grants
Strengthen National Health Services Corps and the medical care
standards program of the Health Services Administration
Expand the medical device regulatory program of the Food and Drug
Administration
Improve and renovate site of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) training institute; increase OSHA policy evaluation
and research
Income security:
Strengthen review of eligibility of unemployment claimants; increase
fraud control; provide contract auditors; and gather data on wages
and unemployment benefits
Increase management efforts to prevent and detect fraud and abuse in
HEW programs, to handle increased litigation (primarily in social
security), and to fund policy research
Increase the number of new households assisted under the lower income
housing assistance program from 235,000 in 1977 to 394,000 in 1978
and 1979
Increase staffing to handle additional workload in HUD, primarily in
the area of subsidized housing
Veterans benefits and services:
Activate VA hospitals, nursing homes and other medical facilities and
programs and step up research and training to improve provision of
medical services to veterans
Increase grants for construction of State extended-care facilities that
are more cost effective in meeting veterans needs
Law enforcement and justice:
Intensify efforts to curtail illegal traffic in firearms in the United States. _
Increase Customs Service personnel to handle growing workload and
crackdown on narcotics smuggling
Increase funding for civil rights activities to eliminate backlog of discrimination complaints
Construct new Federal prisons and renovate old ones to relieve overcrowding and accommodate growing inmate population
Increase funds for State fair employment practices commissions to help
reduce the backlog of equal opportunity complaints
3
1
3
2
8
30
20
28
4
5
2
2
13
13
14
17
66
147
31
31
100
147
3
3
12
12
8
10
*
3
3
2
10
15
4
5
2
16
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
OUTLAY INCREASES DUE TO PROPOSED NEW PROGRAMS AND PROGRAM
INCREASES, 1977-79
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlay increases
1977
1978
1979
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION—Con.
General government:
Provide additional funding for the Commission on Federal Paperwork
to maintain levels of studies and operations
Expand investigations into taxes paid by high-level drug traffickers,
improve the match of income information documents with tax returns,
and begin development of a redesigned IRS computer system in
1979
Increase level of repairs and alterations, and operations, for Federal
buildings
Increase civil service equal employment opportunity activities, personnel support for Rockefeller Panel pay recommendations, and
other central personnel support operations
Provide increased resources for Federal Election Commission to deal
with workload increases in legal and compliance activities
Increase grant funds and administration of territories and the Trust
Territory
Construct a memorial to Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Increase capitalization level of the Federal telecommunications fund to
provide adequate working cash and to make funds available for equipment acquisition
Revenue sharing and general purpose fiscal assistance:
Increase the Federal payment to the District of Columbia and make
the Federal Government current in its water and sewer payments
Total, items not requiring substantive legislation
Total, all increases
•Less than $500,000.
4
1
14
19
35
11
11
3
3
*
1
1
15
10
13
20
51
30
699
5,890
11,777
1,205
6,965 15,722
BUDGET SUMMARY
17
Five-year projections of major legislative proposals that would
create new programs or expand existing activities are shown in
summary table 17 in Part 9 of the budget.
Program restraints and terminations.—A responsive government adjusts its activities to changing national needs. Some programs
prove to be ineffective, become obsolete or outmoded, achieve their
purposes, or decline in relative priority. Further, there is a need for
continuing evaluation of the proper Federal role in all program areas.
Unless vigorous and determined efforts are made, programs that
should be restructured, reduced, or terminated, continue—and their
costs grow. In so doing, they can prevent otherwise efficient governments from operating within the limits of sound fiscal policy.
The 1978 budget incorporates the results of an intensive effort to
identify programs that should be reduced, terminated, or reformed.
There is no responsible alternative to reductions and terminations.
Spending for many major programs has long been increasing at an
unsustainable rate—much faster than the gross national product. At
the same time, periodic income tax reductions are necessary to prevent taxes from continually rising as a percentage of total personal
income. Otherwise, such tax increases tend to occur—without any
explicit changes in tax laws—because wage and salary increases that
simply adjust for inflation push people into higher and higher taxbrackets (even though their real income remains the same). The tax
reductions contemplated in this budget will give relief from this problem and leave more of the decisionmaking on how income is to be
spent to those who earn it rather than to the Government. Such
reductions, plus the proposed tax reductions for business, will also
foster the private sector investment essential to vigorous, sustainable
economic growth, more and better jobs, and higher real incomes.
Restraint on outlay growth must begin now if taxes and spending are
to be brought into alinement as the economy continues to recover.
Moreover, pruning back and eliminating lower priority programs will
free resources for better, more urgent, programs.
The program reductions and termination proposed, together with
the estimated outlay savings for each fiscal year, relative to a "current
services" base, are shown in the following listing.
18
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
OUTLAY REDUCTIONS FROM PROGRAM RESTRAINTS AND TERMINATIONS, 1977-79
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlays reductions
1977
PROPOSED ACTIONS REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE
LEGISLATION
National Defense:
Terminate dual compensation of Federal employees on active military
duty status and revise Cadet, Midshipman, and ROTC pay
Reform pay system for blue-collar civilian workers
Dispose of excess stockpile materials
Natural resources, environment, and energy:
Abolish the Water Resources Council and the grants to States program,
transfer the river basin commissions and regional planning functions
to the Departm ent of the Interior, and carry out certain other functions through Cabinet-level and ad hoc technical interagency committees
Reform the agricultural conservation program to emphasize long-term
conservation practices and limit assistance to financially needy
farmers
Agriculture:
Eliminate agriculture disaster payments in favor of expanded crop
insurance, and reduce peanut acreage allotment to bring production
into balance with demand at the minimum support price
Commerce and transportation:
1979
—34
—160
—229
—37
—397
—268
—4
—6
22
—50
—644
Conduct the Census Bureau survey of voting and registration every 4
years rather than every 2 years
Limit use of mass transit grants for operating subsidies in order to concentrate resources on capital investment
Eliminate second career training for air traffic controllers eligible for
immediate retirement
Education, training, employment, and social services:
Limit child care and supportive services under the Work Incentive
(WIN) program to 30 days after placement in a job
Health:
Limit annual rise in medicare hospital reimbursements per day to 7%
in 1978 and 1979, and place depreciation payments to hospitals in
escrow pending State approval of capital expenditures, effective
April 1, 1977 and charge beneficiaries 10% coinsurance for hospital
costs, effective June 1,1978
Freeze prevailing physician charges under medicare at 1977 level and
limit increases in reasonable charges below that level to 7% annually
in 1978 and 1979, effective July 1, 1977; and charge beneficiaries 10%
coinsurance for covered services of hospital-based physicians and
raise supplementary medical insurance deductible amount to $80 in
1978, effective January 1, 1978
Consolidate 20 health programs, including medicaid, into a single
health care block grant to States
1978
—3
—3
—100
50
~3
—5
—21
—21
-145 -1,965 -5,305
-73
-413
-817
—115
-881
BUDGET
SUMMARY
19
OUTLAY REDUCTIONS FROM PROGRAM RESTRAINTS A N D TERMINATIONS.
1977-79—Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlay reductions
1977
PROPOSED ACTIONS REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE
LEGISLATION—Continued
Income security:
Eliminate certain retroactive social security payments, change the retirement test to an annual basis, and phase out student benefits
Change the AFDC public assistance program to rationalize the workrelated expense disregard and reduce the Federal matching rate for
administrative costs of the State and local child support enforcement
program
Replace 15 present complex and overlapping child nutrition programs
with a single block grant to States
Simplify and improve food stamp program administration and change
eligibility standards to assure that benefits go only to those in need_ _
Eliminate payments where credit exceeds personal income tax liability
in 1978
Veterans benefits and services:
Eliminate duplicate burial benefits for veterans
Limit GI bill eligibility to 8 years; end coverage of flight training and
correspondence courses; and end separate education loan programs.
Require private health insurance reimbursement for VA hospital treatment of non-service-connected disabilities and limit travel reimbursement for such patients
Terminate housing entitlement for new entrants into the armed services
- to reflect the voluntary nature of the services and their competitive
pay scales
General government:
Sell rare silver dollars
Total, proposed actions requiring substantive legislation
—43
1978
1979
—998 —I, 699
—63
—93
—1,182 —1,401
—862
—909
-835
-815
—80
—82
—484
—19
—882
—532
—158
—231
—2
—26
—1,168 —7,707 —14,148
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION
National defense:
Rescind long-lead funding for shipbuilding of cruiser and attack carrier _.
Impose a partial moratorium on new defense construction pending a
study to modernize domestic installations
Reduce percentage of officers, permanent change of station costs, and
other military personnel costs
Begin reform of military housing allowances to achieve greater equityChange military assistance program
Place greater reliance on loan guarantees for foreign military credit sales.
—51
—50
15
— 15
—99
—73
—5
— 18
—226
—143
—28
—50
20
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEiAR 1 9 7 8
OUTLAY REDUCTIONS FROM PROGRAM RESTRAINTS AND TERMINATIONS,
1977-79—Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlay reduct ions
1978
1977
1979
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION—Con.
International affairs:
Decrease security supporting assistance, especially to Middle East
countries (partly offset by increase for southern Africa).._
Decrease aid to American schools and hospitals abroad
Decrease U.S. contribution for U.N. peacekeeping activities in the
Middle East
Decrease number of Peace Corps volunteers as requests from aided
countries decline
General science, space, and technology:
Reduce NASA supporting research and development activities and
construction
Natural resources, environment, and energy:
Rescind authority for Corps of Engineers construction of hopper dredges
in favor of construction by industry
Undertake no new projects in order to focus Soil Conservation Service
water resources efforts on backlog of existing projects
Suspend funding for the Tennessee Valley Authority's program to
demonstrate reclamation of "orphan" strip mine sites pending development of a data base sufficient to allow a full assessment of the
effectiveness of the demonstration
Reduce funding of Youth Conservation Corps program, which cannot
be targeted to the most needy high-unemployment, low-income
groups
Reduce funding for grant portion of cooperative forest fire control
program, which has met its objective of encouraging States to develop forest fire control organizations
Reduce funding for Forest Service construction of roads and trails to
level consistent with planned timber sales
Substitute reformed agricultural conservation program for Great Plains
conservation program
Eliminate the ineffective forestry incentives program
Eliminate the water bank program, because objective can better be met
through direct Federal acquisition of water fowl refuges
Shift EPA research efforts to increase emphasis on water supply and
solid waste
Phase out petroleum product controls and allow State energy conservation grant program to expire in 1979
Defer Energy Research and Development Administration funds for
1977, including subsidies for assistance to communities and lower
priority fusion research activities
Reduce funding for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
programs by terminating an unnecessary satellite launch and discontinuing low priority marine and weather research activities,
deferring new ship construction, and beginning phaseout in 1979 of
grants to States for administration of Coastal zone management
programs
18
-11
—16
—19
—49
—3
- 184
—9
-13
-20
— 155
—5
—5.
—24
—23
—6(
—6
—(
—12
— 1'
—6
—(
—21
—1
*
~~6
—2
—
<
—1(
—1
—
~""26
"I
—18
^
"1
—5
—:
1J
'
BUDGET SUMMARY
21
OUTLAY REDUCTIONS FROM PROGRAM RESTRAINTS AND TERMINATIONS,
1977-79—Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlay reductions
1977
1978 1979
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION—Con.
Agriculture:
Reduce amount available for short-term export credit, in line with experience of recent years
Commerce and transportation:
Terminate the mutual- and self-help housing grants program and the
rural housing for domestic farm labor grants, which are less costeffective than other existing Federal aid programs that they dupplicate
Constrain Small Business Administration loan programs in view of expected economic recovery and recent expansion of the private credit
market
Reduce personnel in the ICC motor carrier entry program through
management improvements
Reduce selected NASA aeronautical research and technology programs _
Reduce outlays under Federal Housing Administration mortgage
insurance programs by revising premiums, preventing claims through
the use of Section 8 subsidies, and other reforms
Reduce low-priority National Bureau of Standards research programs.
Eliminate the Office of Business Research and Analysis, and reduce
funding for other programs of the Domestic and International
Business Administration
Reduce highway programs where statutory requirements have not been
met, where programs are excessively narrow, or where alternative
Federal funding is already available
Set highway trust fund grants for Federal-aid highways at $6.5 billion,
$458 million above the 1976-77 average, but a reduction from the
exceptionally high 1977 level
Constrain Amtrak's planned capital program and route expansion
Reduce subsidy for local service air carriers due to economic upturn
and the Civil Aeronautics Board's new class rate system of subsidy
estimation
Reduce obligations for low-priority discretionary grants program
funded by the airports and airways trust fund
Reduce low-priority air traffic control facilities and equipment procurement activities
Constrain funding of the maritime ship construction and operating
subsidy programs pending completion of an analysis of the basis of
Federal support to the maritime industry
240-000 O - 77 - 3
—250
—250
-2
-42
-10
-65
-75
_____
—6
—2
—26
—91
—3
—254
—3
—7
—7
—26
—78
-192
—17
-742
—6
—7
—33
—12
—3
— 184
22
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YE(AR 1978
OUTLAY REDUCTIONS FROM PROGRAM RESTRAINTS AND TERMINATIONS,
1977-79—Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlay reductions
1977
1978
1979
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION—Con.
Community and regional development:
Reduce funding for Community Services Administration categorical
programs that duplicate other Federal programs for energy conservation, services for the elderly, and nutrition assistance
Reduce funding for Economic Development Administration public
works, because of the availability of $2 billion under the Local Public
Works program, and reduce other low-priority EDA activities
Eliminate Regional Action Planning Commissions supplemental grants,
Reduce Appalachian area development programs to permit increased
highway program
Allow authority for the rehabilitation loan program to expire in favor
of community development block grants
Reduce categorical support for comprehensive planning and management activities which can be supported under the community development block grant program
Reduce rural water and waste disposal grants in view of availability of
similar HUD and EPA grant programs
Terminate rural community fire protection grants because other Federal
assistance is available for this purpose
Terminate rural development grants because other Federal assistance is
available for this purpose
Phase out Federal support for Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA)
and University Year for ACTION programs because there is sufficient experience to enable communities to decide whether to support
volunteers locally
Education, training, employment, and social services:
Terminate or reduce higher education student and institutional assistance programs in order to concentrate resources on direct student
assistance
_
Restrain funding levels for various elementary and secondary education
programs to contain these activities at the developmental demonstration level
Terminate the college undergraduate instructional equipment and library demonstration and training programs because these programs
provide for institutional aid rather than supporting a policy of direct
student support
Constrain funding for metric education, and packaging and field testing
of education programs to demonstration levels
Limit school assistance in federally affected areas to students whose
parents both live and work on Federal property
Reduce discretionary employment and training assistance funds which
are in excess of need and original statutory intent
—80
—23
—2
—82
—8
—5
—15
—86
—91
—8
—34
—15
—68
—3
—4
—1
~4
—17
-22
—114
—26
-595 -1,007
-12
-172
~~1'
"""'^
—I
"~2
—317
—447
—125
—125
BUDGET SUMMARY
23
OUTLAY REDUCTIONS FROM PROGRAM RESTRAINTS AND TERMINATIONS,
1977-79—Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Outlay reductions
Function and program
1977
1978
1979
ITEMS NOT REQUIR1NG SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION—Con.
Education, training, employment, and social services—Continued
Reduce preliminary estimates for summer youth program level in line
with expected improvements in the eccnomy
Eliminate categorical funding through national organizations of older
worker employment and training program
Phase out the temporary employment assistance program in 1978 as
unemployment declines
Limit social services funds for State and local training projects and do
not extend special day care add-on of $200 million
Rely on more cost-effective programs to assist needy students, and terminate the college housing program
Health:
Reduce health resources programs for special medical facilities construction, nursing, and student loan assistance and concentrate
funds on health statistics and certain health professions education
programs
Reduce research and phase out training activities of the Alcohol,
Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration because similar
behavioral research is being carried on by other Federal agencies,
and training support subsidized by ADAMHA grants is available
through needs-tested programs
Phase out grant assistance for health maintenance organizations after
a 5-year demonstration of the concept and eliminate the separate
Division of Federal Employee Health
Limit Indian health facilities ccnstructicn to projects now underway. _
Reduce funding for Center for Disease Control occupational health
training grants and health education activities
—70
—145
—91
—1,100 —2,100
—223
—77
—79
—154
—246
—4
—5
—1
—7
—23
— 14
—2
—7
—50
117
—233
—50
Income security:
Tighten management of supplementary security income program to
minimize erroneous benefit payments
Reduce public assistance overpayments by disallowing Federal
financial participation in incorrect payments
Phase out special Cuban refugee assistance program in favor of regular
public assistance programs
Terminate Farmers Home Administration program for very low
income housing repair grants, since other Federal assistance is
available for this purpose
Reduce administrative costs for unemployment insurance through
automation and improved management in high-cost States
Encourage public housing authorities to adopt rent scales comparable
to those established by law for other subsidized rental housing
tenants
Seek no additional authority to continue the public housing program,
and keep modernization authority at an annual average of $420
million during the 1977-79 period
_
__
—83
5
— 108
4
—12
—5
—5
—20
—20
-58
-135
—3
—33
24
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
OUTLAY REDUCTIONS FROM PROGRAM RESTRAINTS AND TERMINATIONS,
1977-79—Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Function and program
Outlay reductions
1977
1978
1979
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING SUBSTANTIVE LEGISLATION—Con.
Veterans benefits and services:
Reduce overpayments under the GI bill by reinstituting attendance
certification
Law enforcement and justice:
Reduce funds for Legal Services Corporation because it has not assessed
either alternative funding sources or the proper service level of legal
assistance to the poor
Reduce criminal justice assistance in the areas of juvenile delinquency,
law enforcement education, and adjust 1977 outlays for the impact of
the public safety officers benefits program
Reduce FBI's domestic intelligence program pursuant to new Department of Justice guidelines, and automate fingerprint processing. _
—149
—35
—35
—7
— 16
—54
—28
— 13
— 13
General government:
Terminate intergovernmental personnel assistance grant program
because State and local governments have demonstrated a willingness to undertake personnel management projects
Reduce funds for administration of territories and the Trust Territory
Change procedures for collecting taxes owed to the Federal Government
Total, items not requiring substantive legislation
Total, all reductions
—9
-18
-20
~3
-3
—15
—3
—39 —4,700 —8,263
-1,207-12,407-22,411
INTEGRATION OF BUDGET AND MANAGEMENT REVIEWS
Building on the President's previous management initiatives, the
Office of Management and Budget has issued instructions to all
executive branch agencies (Circular A-113) that require annual
preparation and submission of management plans. This requirement
accommodates integration of Presidential reviews of the budget and of
agency management plans.
Such management plans must include, among other things, plans for
evaluation of agency programs in a systematic way. The improved and
more frequent evaluations that are expected from this initiative can
provide the basis in future years for greatly improved decisionmaking
as to the merits of particular programs, the need for programmatic
change, and the most efficient allocation of limited budgetary resources.
BUDGET SUMMARY
25
FISCAL ACTIVITIES OUTSIDE THE FEDERAL BUDGET
The budget does not include a number of fiscal activities of the
Federal Government that result in spending similar to budget outlays.
One major exclusion—the outlays of off-budget Federal entities *—has
been discussed briefly in an earlier section of this Part 2. These outlays
should be included in the budget totals according to the unified budget
concept. The Administration is proposing legislation that would accomplish this for the 1979 and subsequent budgets.
The table on the next page compares the excluded outlays of the offbudget Federal entities with the unified budget outlays.2 The outlays
of the off-budget entities (excluding the Export-Import Bank and Exchange Stabilization fund) began at a negligible amount in 1973 but
have grown rapidly since then, as the Federal Financing Bank and
other off-budget entities have been created. The outlays of the offbudget Federal entities equaled 2.0% of budget outlays in 1976 and
are estimated to equal 2.6% in 1977, 2.1% in 1978, and 2.3% in 1979.
The off-budget Federal entities are discussed in some detail below.3
This is followed by a discussion of the Government-sponsored enterprises, which are outside the scope of the budget because of their private ownership.4 Guaranteed loans and tax expenditures, which also
have significant effects on the economy, are discussed subsequently.
The regulation of economic activity may have similar effects by requiring the private sector to make expenditures for specified purposes, such as safety and pollution control. Because its effects cannot
be quantified satisfactorily, such regulatory activity is not discussed
in this section. The economics of regulation is discussed in chapter 4
of the Economic Report of the President for 1977.
The off-budget Federal entities and the privately owned, Government-sponsored enterprises primarily carry out loan programs. Guaranteed loans are likewise a part of federally assisted lending. The
table on page 27 summarizes Federal credit actitivies by showing the
outstanding amounts of Federal and federally assisted loans: direct
loans by Federal agencies included in the budget, direct loans by
off-budget Federal entities, guaranteed loans, and loans by Government-sponsored enterprises. The total amount of these loans is large,
and the direct loans by agencies within the budget make up only a
small proportion of the total.
1
Financial statements for these entities are contained in the Appendix. Budget of the United States
Government, Fiscal Year 1978. See Part IV. "Detailed Estimates of Off-Budget Federal Entities."
2
The historical data for unified budget outlays include off-budget Federal entities for any period
when they were in the budget, include the Export-Import Bank for all years, and include Governmentsponsored enterprises for periods when they had any Government ownership.
8
The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (but not the Federal Reserve banks,
which are privately owned) is a Federal organization. It is excluded from the budget and this
discussion.
* For financial statements, see the Appendix. Part VI. "Government-Sponsored Enterprises."
26
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
This table also shows the outstanding debt of the Federal Government. The debt held b y the public excludes that part of the gross
Federal debt held within the Government itself b y trust funds and
other Government accounts. The $135.5 billion increase in debt held
by the public from the end of 1976 to the end of 1978 is primarily
due to the large deficits in the budget, b u t the outlays of the off-budget
COMPARISON OF OUTLAYS FOR THE UNIFIED BUDGET, OFF-BUDGET FEDERAL
ENTITIES, AND GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED ENTERPRISES
(In billions of dollars]
Outlays
Federal Government
Year
Unified budget
1954
1955
1956._
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
Off-budget
Federal
entities
70.9
68.5
70.5
76.7
82.6
92.1 _ .
_.
92.2
_.
._
97.8
106.8
111.3
118.6
118.4
134.7
158.3
178.8
184.5
196.6.
l 2
Total
Governmentsponsored
enterprises
70.9 - 0 . 3
68.5
.2
70.5
.4
76.7
.1
82.6 - . 5
92.1
1.1
92.2
.4
97.8 - . 3
106.8
1.1
111.3
.5
118.6
1.8
118.4
1.2
134.7
1.9
158.3 -2.9
178.8
1.7
184.5
4.3
196.6
9.6
1971
211.4
211.4
1972
232.0
232.0
1973
1974
1975
247.1
269.6
326.1
1976
TQ
1977 estimate
1978 estimate
1979 estimate
« Not available.
_
366.5
94.7
411.2
440.0
466.0
0.1
1.4
8.0
7.2
1.8
10.8
9.2
10.9
3
247.1
271.1
334.1
373.7
96.5
422.0
449.1
476.9
*
4.4
11.4
14.5
7.0
4.6
2.3
11.0
13.2
<«)
BUDGET
27
SUMMARY
DEBT AND LOANS
[In billions of dollars]
1976
Outstanding debt, end of fiscal period:
Gross Federal debt
Debt held by the public
Outstanding Federal and federally assisted loans, end of
fiscal period: l
Direct loans—on budget
Direct loans— off-budget
Guaranteed and insured loans 2
Government-sponsored enterprise loans 2
1
2
T(3
1977
1978
631.9
480.3
646.4
498.3
716.7
560.3
785.0
615.8
64.2
21.6
169.8
84.9
65.3
24.3
169.8
87.8
67.3
34.3
181.0
100.1
70.1
41.5
202.3
113.5
See table E - l l in Special Analysis E, "Federal Credit Programs," published in a separate volume.
Excludes loans held by Government accounts and Government-sponsored enterprises.
Federal entities contribute significantly. Federal debt and its relationship to the Government deficit are discussed more extensively in
Part 6 of this volume.
Outlays of off-budget Federal entities.—Off-budget Federal entities are federally owned and controlled, but their transactions have
been excluded from the budget totals under provisions of law. Therefore, their fiscal activities are not reflected in either budget outlays or
the budget surplus or deficit, appropriation requests for their activities
are not included in the totals of budget authority, and their outlays
are not subject to the ceilings set by the congressional budget resolutions. As shown in the table on page 206, the outlays of the off-budget
Federal entities are added to the unified budget deficit to comprise the
total Government deficit that has to be financed by borrowing from
the public or by other means. When off-budget outlays are financed
by Treasury borrowing, the additional debt is subject to the statutory
debt limit; when financed by the entities' own borrowing, it is not.
The additional debt is part of the gross Federal debt whether it is
issued by the Treasury or by the off-budget Federal entities.
The first Federal entity excluded from the unified budget was the
Export-Import Bank (excluded by statute as of August 17, 1971). This
removal was the first departure from the concept of the unified budget,
which had been adopted beginning with the 1969 budget and which
combined the administrative budget with the substantial trust fund
activity of the Federal Government. Since 1972 further departures
from a unified budget have occurred. The Postal Service fund,
the Rural Telephone Bank, the lending activities that became
the Rural electrification and telephone revolving fund, and the
Housing for the elderly or handicapped fund were removed from
28
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
the budget. The Environmental financing authority fund,5 the Federal
Financing Bank, the United States Railway Association, and the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation were established off-budget.
Under proposed legislation the Energy Independence Authority
would be established off-budget, but if the existing off-budget entities
are included in the budget the Energy Independence Authority should
be included also. The Exchange Stabilization fund has always been
excluded from the unified budget and until this year was classified
instead as a deposit fund.6
The budget totals do, however, include the subsidies paid to the
Postal Service fund. They also include the administrative expenses
of the Rural Electrification Administration lending programs and the
United States Railway Association, and they record the estimated net
gains or losses of the proposed Energy Independence Authority.
The range of activities carried out by off-budget Federal entities
was reduced during the past year. The Export-Import Bank was
returned to the budget by statute on October 1, 1976, the beginning
of fiscal year 1977. The budget outlays and deficits for previous years
have been revised to include the Export-Import Bank. These revisions are reflected in the tables published in this budget. Furthermore, the budget treatment of the United States Railway Association
was changed. Recently enacted legislation requires that the purchase of
ConRail securities, which will comprise almost all of the Association's
activity after 1977, be included in the budget from the start of this
assistance program in 1976.
While the budget authority and outlays of off-budget Federal entities are excluded from the budget totals, some of their activities are
subject to normal Presidential and congressional review. For example,
limits on the amount of new lending by the Rural electrification and
telephone revolving fund are set annually by law, and the outstanding
debt and annual borrowing of the Postal Service are limited by statute.
There is little or no justification for having Federal entities outside
the budget. The President's Commission on Budget Concepts, whose
report led to the establishment of the unified budget, recommended
that "the budget should include all programs of the Federal Government and its agencies" and that "the budget should, as a general rule,
be comprehensive of the full range of Federal activities".7 Comprehensive coverage is necessary to inform the public fully what the Government is spending. It contributes to the rational establishment of
priorities for allocating economic resources among alternative gov-
BUDGET SUMMARY
29
ernmental programs, because it subjects each program to the discipline
of a budget process in which the benefits from additional (or lesser)
spending on one program are compared with the benefits of additional
(or lesser) spending on all the others. Likewise, comprehensive
coverage contributes to establishing priorities in the distribution of
total available resources between public and private activities, and it
assists in understanding the Government's impact on the economy.
For these reasons the Administration is proposing that legislation be
enacted to include all of the off-budget Federal entities within the
budget. The historical data for budget outlays and the budget deficits
w7ould be revised to include the transactions of these entities in order
to make the figures for different years comparable and to inform the
public about the size of total outlays.
Congress has also expressed concern about the off-budget outlays.
The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 calls for the Committees
on the Budget of the House of Representatives and the Senate
to study on a continuing basis those provisions of law that exclude
any outlays of Federal entities from the budget and to report to
their respective Houses their recommendations for terminating or
modifying such provisions. In September 1976 the House Budget
Committee adopted a report recommending that the budget include
the administrative expenses of the Exchange stabilization fund and
the outlays of all other off-budget Federal entities except the Federal
Financing Bank. The Committee deferred judgment about the
Federal Financing Bank until after the completion of certain special
studies that it had commissioned.8
Except for the Postal Service, the Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation, and the Exchange stabilization fund, the excluded
outlays of the off-budget Federal entities are incurred for carrying
out loan programs. These programs are similar to the direct loan
programs in the unified budget. The outlays of the off-budget loan
programs are roughly equal to the difference between new loans disbursed and repayments of principal. For example, during 1978 new
loans disbursed by the excluded programs are estimated to be $10.3
billion and repayments $2.6 billion, for an increase in loans outstanding of $7.7 billion. This is about the same as the estimated outlays of
the programs, which are $7.4 billion. The difference is due to such
factors as administrative expenses and interest paid and received.
Like direct loans in the budget, the loans of the excluded programs
are designed to allocate economic resources toward particular uses.
The off-budget Federal entities support a variety of program functions
both through their direct operations and, in the case of the Federal
Financing Bank, through the purchase of debt securities issued by
8
House of Representatives, Committee on the Budget, Off-Budget Aclitities of the Federal Government. Report No. 94-1740 (1976).
30
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 78
several agencies and the purchase of obligations guaranteed under a
number of Government programs. The size of these activities is
generally indicated by the outlays of each off-budget entity in the
following table. P a r t 5 of the budget, ' T h e Federal Program by
Function/' shows the outlays of the off-budget Federal entities by
function and discusses some of their more significant activities.
As the table shows, the Federal Financing Bank (FFB) accounts for
a large share of off-budget outlays, about three-fifths of the total in
1978 and 1979 and still higher proportions in some earlier years. The
outlays of the F F B reflect only its purchase of Government-guaranteed
obligations, not its purchases of Federal agency debt. This prevents
counting the same amount twice, both in the F F B ' s own outlays and
in the outlays of the agency that borrowed from the F F B and spent
the proceeds.
The FBB's share of off-budget outlays is less in 1978-79 than in
the preceding years. Partly this is due to an absolute decrease in its
own lending from the 1977 level, which is caused by purchasing
smaller amounts of certificates of beneficial ownership from the
Farmers Home Administration and smaller amounts of New York
City seasonal financing loans from the Treasury Department; partly
this is due to the expanded lending by the Housing for the elderly or
handicapped fund, the proposed establishment of the Energy Independence Authority, and the rising deficit of the Postal Service fund.
The outlays of the Rural electrification and telephone revolving fund
are zero in 1978 and 1979, despite large continued net lending, because
of its plans to sell certificates of beneficial ownership to the F F B .
According to law, these sales are treated as the sale of assets and therefore are an offset to the fund's outlays. The F F B ' s purchase of these
certificates is counted in the F F B outlays.
OUTLAYS OF OFF-BUDGET FEDERAL ENTITIES
[In billions of dollars]
Off-budget Federal entity
Federal Financing Bank
Rural electrification and telephone revolving fund_.
Rural Telephone Bank
Housing for the elderly or handicapped fund
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
Exchange stabilization fund
Postal Service fund
U.S. Railway Association
Energy Independence Authority
_.
Total
*Less than $50 million.
i~976
actual
5.9
.2
.1
—*
—*
—.1
1.1
.1
7.2
TQ
actual
2.6
—.1
*
—*
—*
—*
-.7
*
1.8
F977
r978
1979
estimate estimate estimate
8.7
.5
.1
.3
—*
—.1
1.0
.3
_
_
5.9
6.2
.1
.7
—*
—.1
1.8
.6
.1
.8
—*
—.1
2.5
—.1
1.4
10.8
9.2
10.9
BUDGET SUMMARY
31
Outlays of Government-sponsored
enterprises.—Several Government-sponsored enterprises have been established and chartered by
the Federal Government to perform specialized credit functions. The
earlier enterprises were all created with partial or full Government
ownership and direct Government control, but, in time, they were
converted to private ownership and some new enterprises were created
as privately owned institutions. The rule governing the budget treatment of these enterprises was established in 1967 in accordance with a
recommendation by the President's Commission on Budget Concepts.
The Commission recommended that the budget exclude those Government-sponsored enterprises that are entirely privately owned.
Since the enterprises carry out federally designed programs and
receive benefits from their close association with the Government,
the Commission recommended that financial statements of their
operations be included in the budget documents.
The Federal land banks and Federal home loan banks had both
become entirely privately owned a number of years before the unified
budget was adopted and therefore have always been excluded. The
Federal National Mortgage Association, the Banks for cooperatives,
and the Federal intermediate credit banks became wholly privately
owned by repaying their Federal equity capital during 1969 and were
accordingly removed from the budget. The Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation and the Student Loan Marketing Association
were subsequently established with full private ownership.
These Government-sponsored enterprises were all created to carry
out loan programs, either lending their funds directly for specifically
authorized purposes or buying loans originated by the private group
that they were established to assist. Their loans primarily support
housing but also support agriculture and higher education. As shown
in the table on page 26, the outlays of the privately owned Government-sponsored enterprises have grown considerably—from relatively
small amounts in the early 1960's to an average of $8.4 billion (equal
to 2.9% of budget outlays) during 1972-76, when more Governmentsponsored enterprises had been established outside the budget. In
1978 these enterprises are expected to spend $13.2 billion, equal to
3.0% of budget outlays in that year.
Guaranteed loans.—Federal and federally assisted credit has a
significant influence on resource allocation. Direct loans by budget
agencies are part of total budget outlays. Direct loans by off-budget
Federal entities and Government-sponsored enterprises, as discussed
above, are not included in the budget totals. Government-guaranteed
loans—that is, loans for which the Government guarantees the payment of the principal or interest in whole or in part—are also not
included in budget outlays. Guaranteed loans constitute contingent
liabilities, which do not result in outlays except in the event of default.
32
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Guaranteed Loans Outstanding
- 2 0 0
154.3
-150
ISO-
134.1
118.5
1 0 6 3
-100
50-
-50
two
mi
tm
tm
m*
tm
W6
tm
im
Guaranteed (or insured) loans have diverse characteristics. The
loan may be made to individuals, businesses, State and local governments, or foreign governments. The guaranteed obligation may be
a loan made by a bank or other institutional lender, it may be a
security sold in the capital market, or it may be a security sold to
the Federal Financing Bank. The guarantee may be full or partial,
and in some programs it may be supplemented by other explicit
subsidies or other forms of assistance. Guaranteed loans include
most loan assets sold by Federal agencies. Loan asset sales occur when
an agency makes a direct loan and then sells it off. A guarantee is usually
attached. In some cases the agency sells the direct loans themselves,
and in other cases the agency sells securities (sometimes called certificates of beneficial ownership) that are backed by loans that the
agency continues to hold and service. Loan asset sales are offsets to the
outlays of the agency that sells them, so they reduce the amount by
which the direct loans of Federal agencies add to budget outlays.
Loan guarantees are designed to allocate economic resources toward
particular uses by providing credit at more favorable terms than would
otherwise be available in the private market. The major use of guaranteed loans is to support housing, but in recent years guarantees have
BUDGET SUMMARY
33
increasingly been used for other purposes. The effect of guaranteed
loans on the economy is difficult to assess. Some portion of the private
loans that are guaranteed would have been made without the guarantees, and those private loans that would not otherwise have been made
tend to divert credit away from other economic activities.
The following table shows the outstanding amount of guaranteed
loans held by the public at the end of the years 1976-78, the net
loans guaranteed during each year (that is, the change in outstanding
loans), and the gross amount of new loans guaranteed. The figures
include the full amount of all loans guaranteed in whole or in part,
in billions of dollars:
1976
actual
Outstanding guaranteed loans
Net loans guaranteed
Gross loans guaranteed
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
169.8
10.3
28.5
169.8
-.1
8.4
181.0
11.3
39.3
1978
estimate
202.3
21.2
53.9
This table suggests the importance of guaranteed loans. The outstanding amount held by the public is large and growing each year.
Gross loans, which measure the total new activity that occurs each
year, are very much larger than the change in outstanding loans.
The difference is almost entirely due to the repayment of old loans.
In addition to the $42.8 billion increase during 1976-78 in guaranteed loans held by the general public, the total held by the Federal
Financing Bank and Federal agencies is estimated to increase by
$21.8 billion; and the total held by Government-sponsored enterprises is estimated to increase by $3.1 billion. These amounts are
reflected in the outlays of the Federal Financing Bank, Federal agencies, and Government-sponsored enterprises that buy the loans.
When the Federal Financing Bank buys newly issued guaranteed
loans (except loan asset sales), the guaranteed loans are in effect
converted into direct Federal loans outside the budget.
Since guaranteed loans are outside the budget, they are not subject
to the same kind of review and control as budget outlays. Partly as a
result, the current control over guaranteed loans is not stringent. The
authorizing statutes for half or more of the guarantee programs
impose a ceiling on the amount of guaranteed loans outstanding, but
the limits imposed at one time are usually designed to meet several
years of requirements at once. Plans for guarantees are generally
reviewed annually in the course of reviewing the budget and personnel
requests of the administering agencies, but annual limits usually are
not set. Except when explicit subsidies or capital for reserve funds
must be appropriated, limits on guarantees are not imposed, directly
or indirectly, by the Appropriations Committees in the Congress.
Similarly, the Senate and House Budget Committees do not scrutinize
the total amount of guaranteed loans, as they do the total amount of
34
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
budget outlays, and the congressional budget resolutions do not
include a target or ceiling for guaranteed loans.
The issue of control over guaranteed lending is being studied seriously by both the Congress and the executive branch and is proving
difficult to resolve. Nonetheless, the large size and continuing growth
in outstanding guaranteed loans make it imperative that the Congress
and the Executive reach early agreement on an effective control
mechanism. In order for the Congress and the President to influence
efficiently the allocation of economic resources and the behavior of
financial markets and the economy as a whole, control over guaranteed
loans is as justifiable in concept as control over outlays.
The major loan guarantee programs are discussed by function in
Part 5 of the Budget. Guaranteed loans are analyzed further together
with other types of credit assistance in Special Analysis E, "Federal
Credit Programs." 9
Taxation and tax expenditures.—Taxation affects the economy
not only by providing the Government with receipts but also by
changing the allocation of resources among private uses and the
distribution of income and wealth among individuals. The economy
is significantly affected by the structural characteristics of each of
the different taxes that are levied, such as the rate schedules, exemptions, deductions, and exclusions of the individual income tax; and
it is also significantly affected by the relative size of the different
taxes. These effects are not measured in budget receipts or outlays
Some aspects of taxation, called "tax expenditures/' receive special
attention in the budget. Tax expenditures are defined as revenue losses
under the individual and corporation income taxes that are attributable
to a special exclusion, exemption, or deduction from gross income or
to a special credit, preferential tax rate, or deferral of tax liability.
Tax expenditures are one means by which the Federal Government
carries out its policies and in most cases can be viewed as alternatives
to outlays, guaranteed loans, regulations, or other provisions of the
tax law. The objectives of tax expenditures are varied. Nearly all are
intended either to encourage particular economic activities or to
reduce the tax liabilities for taxpayers in special circumstances. Among
the economic activities encouraged are investment, homeownership,
State and local government spending, and support of charities; among
the persons with reduced tax liabilities are the aged, the unemployed,
and those with high medical expenses.
Tax expenditures ordinarily result from permanent legislation and
therefore in past years did not receive any systematic annual review.
Such intermittent review as took place generally did not compare
tax expenditures with alternative programs using budget outlays and
• See Special Analyses, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1978.
BUDGET SUMMARY
35
other means for the Government to pursue its objectives. Under the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, however, the estimated levels of
tax expenditures are to be presented each year in the budget that the
President submits to the Congress and in the reports of the Senate and
House Budget Committees to their respective Houses on the proposed
congressional budget resolutions. This is intended to encourage more
systematic examination of tax expenditures by the Congress, the rest of
the Government, and the public. The reports of the Senate and House
Budget Committees on the concurrent budget resolutions for 1977
explicitly related the estimated receipts and deficit to proposed changes
in the dollar amount of tax expenditures. The structural characteristics
of the income taxes other than the tax expenditure provisions-although likewise affecting the allocation of resources and the distribution of income—do not receive either a systematic review or this
kind of presentation, nor do other taxes besides the individual and
corporation income taxes.
The classification of certain provisions of law as resulting in tax
expenditures requires some standard against which the law can be
compared. Deviations of the law from this standard are deemed to
cause tax expenditures. The standard used for the individual income
tax includes those provisions that exist under current law for graduated
rate schedules, personal exemptions, low-income allowances, and other
means of establishing threshold income levels for tax liability. Thus,
by definition, these characteristics of the tax structure do not lead to
tax expenditures.
However, selecting a standard of comparison depends on normative judgments about what is appropriate. A different standard
might exclude personal exemptions and the low-income allowances
and thereby classify these provisions as resulting in tax expenditures;
or it might integrate the individual and corporation income taxes, in
which case the lack of integration under current law could be thought
to produce a gain in receipts and thereby a negative tax expenditure.
Since provisions of the tax law other than the tax expenditure items
have the same kinds of economic effects as do tax expenditures, and
since different normative judgments about the standard might cause
these provisions to be classified as producing tax expenditures or negative tax expenditures, the provisions of tax law that are not defined
as resulting in tax expenditures deserve as much scrutiny as the
provisions that do.
Tax expenditures are presented at two places in the budget. Part 5 of
the budget, "The Federal Program by Function," discusses the most
important tax expenditures in each functional category, together with
the outlays and guaranteed loans, in order to describe more fully the
effects of governmental policy in each function. Special Analysis F,
"Tax Expenditures/' discusses the concept of tax expenditures,
36
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
presents a complete list of tax expenditure estimates for 1976-78, and
analyzes the effect of the tax proposals in the present budget on tax
expenditures.10
The figures shown for tax expenditures are necessarily estimates for
past years as well as future ones, since they compare actual tax receipts with the tax receipts that would have existed if the tax law had
been different. The method of estimation is to assume that only the
tax provision in question is deleted, while all other characteristics of
the tax system remain the same. If deleting a particular provision
increases taxable income, as would occur in most cases, the tax expenditure is then estimated as the increase in taxable income multiplied by
the existing tax rates.
The estimates are based on two principal economic assumptions.
The first is that the gross national product and other general economic
conditions will follow the economic assumptions outlined in Part 3 of
the budget and hence will not be affected by removing a particular tax
expenditure provision. Thus, the tax expenditure is only the gain in
receipts directly caused by removing the provision in question and
does not reflect any loss in receipts due to the decline in income that
might be induced by the higher taxation. This implies that some offsetting fiscal or other governmental action would be taken to keep
general economic conditions unchanged. The second principal economic assumption is that removing the tax expenditure does not affect
taxpayer behavior. In many cases this assumption is unrealistic. To
the extent that tax expenditures intended to encourage certain economic activity have been successful, their removal would presumably
discourage such activity. This would alter the composition of economic
activity and might thereby change total receipts.
The size of a particular tax expenditure depends not only on the tax
provision in question but also on the interaction of this provision with
the rest of the tax structure. A decrease in the tax rate schedule, for
example, would reduce the amount of receipts gained by deleting
deductions and exclusions. An increase in personal exemptions or the
low-income allowance would decrease the number of taxpayers itemizing deductions and would thereby decrease tax expenditures for
deductions, particularly those deductions taken disproportionately
by low-income taxpayers. The tax changes proposed in this budget,
which would lower income tax rates and raise personal exemptions
and the low-income allowance, would thus automatically decrease
tax expenditures.
The interaction among tax provisions means that special calculations are generally needed to add tax expenditures together. For
example, if more than one exclusion from individual income were
i°See Special Analyses, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1978.
BUDGET SUMMARY
37
ended, the gain in receipts would generally be greater than the sum
of the separate tax expenditures, because more taxpayers would move
into higher tax rate brackets. If more than one personal deduction
were ended the gain in receipts would generally be smaller than the
sum of the separate tax expenditures, because more taxpayers would
switch to the standard deduction. According to a special calculation,
if all itemized deductions resulting in tax expenditures were repealed,
the gain in receipts in 1978 would be $21.2 billion. In comparison, the
sum of the tax expenditures for each separate item is $31.3 billion.
Consequently, except for a few special calculations, separate tax expenditures are not added together in this budget, because to do so
would be misleading. Where tax expenditures for both individuals
and corporations result from the same provision, however, such as
the investment tax credit, the two estimates may meaningfully be
added.
Interaction among separate tax expenditure provisions is one
reason why the tax expenditures cannot all be added together to form
a meaningful total amount. In addition, there are two conceptual
reasons why even a total amount that took these interactions into
account would be of little use. First, as explained above, the list of
tax expenditure items would be different if a different standard for
comparison were used. Any total amount would depend on the normative judgments that defined the standard, and a total based on the
present standard could readily be raised or lowered.
Second, the effect of tax expenditures on receipts depends on the
extent to which eliminating tax expenditures would be offset by reducing tax rates in order to compensate for the higher receipts that would
otherwise be taken by the Federal Government. In the development
of the U.S. tax system, tax expenditures have frequently not been
changed alone. The use of different taxes, the tax rates for each one,
the tax expenditure provisions, and other tax provisions have often been
changed together in light of the whole tax structure. One particular
provision has sometimes been used to modify or compensate for another provision, and this relationship has involved both tax expenditure provisions and other provisions of the tax law simultaneously.
Therefore, if one part of the tax structure were substantially changed,
other parts might be substantially changed also. In particular, if all
tax expenditures were removed, the tax rate schedule would almost
certainly be reduced and the net effect on total receipts might be
negligible. Likewise, the effect of the removal of tax expenditures on
the resource allocation and income distribution in the economy would
depend on which method of changing tax rates and outlays—out of a
limitless number of alternatives—was used to compensate for the
repeal of the tax expenditure provisions.
240-000 O - 77 - 4
38
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Most tax expenditures in Part 5 of the Budget and in Special
Analysis F are classified according to the same major functions used to
classify outlays. Some tax expenditures do not easily fit into these
categories, however, and have been classified in three special functions:
business investment, personal investment, and other tax expenditures.
By far, the largest tax expenditure for business investment is the
investment tax credit for equipment. The reduction in receipts is
expected to be $11.9 billion in 1978, with $9.7 billion for corporations
and $2.2 billion for individuals.
The tax expenditures for personal investment include taxing most
realized capital gains at lower rates than are applied to ordinary income. This tax expenditure is estimated to be $7.4 billion in 1978
(in addition to the tax expenditure for capital gains in agriculture).
The tax expenditures for the deductibility of mortgage interest and
property taxes on owner-occupied homes are estimated as $6.0 billion
and $5.0 billion, respectively, or $10.2 billion in total according to a
special calculation that takes account of their interaction. For the
reasons discussed above, this total is less than the sum of the two
separate items.
The main component of other tax expenditures is the deductibility
of charitable contributions (other than for education, which are
classified functionally as education). This tax expenditure is estimated
to be $5.9 billion in 1978, mostly for individuals.
PART 3
ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS AND
LONG-RANGE BUDGET
PROJECTIONS
39
ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS AND LONG-RANGE
BUDGET PROJECTIONS
This part of the budget discusses the long-range budget outlook and
the economic assumptions underlying that outlook. The first section
presents economic assumptions for calendar years 1977 through 1982
and explains the nature of these assumptions. The second section
examines the budget outlook for the fiscal years 1978 through 1982,
presenting projections of receipts by major source and budget authority and outlays by function and agency.
ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS
There is a two-way relationship between the economy and the
budget. Economic conditions significantly affect the budget, and the
budget, in turn, significantly influences economic conditions. Both the
tax structure and budget outlays can have a substantial effect on
national output, employment and inflation.
At the same time, outlays for many Federal programs are directly
linked to developments in the economy, and this linkage has become
increasingly strong in recent years. For example, most retirement and
other social insurance benefit payments are now tied by law to costof-living indexes. Medicare outlays are affected directly by the price
of medical services. Interest on the debt is linked to general market
interest rates and the size of the budget surplus or deficit, both of
which are influenced by economic conditions. Of course, to the extent
that outlays rise automatically in response to inflation the budget is
less effective in counteracting inflationary pressures than it would be
if these linkages did not exist.
Another type of linkage to economic activity is outlays for unemployment and certain related benefits, which vary with the unemployment rate. In addition, budget receipts are significantly affected by
individual and corporate incomes and the wage base, all of which respond to both real economic growth and inflation. Thus, receipts and
some benefit payments serve as "automatic stabilizers" for the economy by both restraining inflation and cushioning economic downturns.
The following tables present the underlying economic assumptions
that have been used for purposes of developing budget estimates. In
keeping with most economic data series, these assumptions are presented on a calendar year basis, whereas the budget estimates are
presented on a fiscal year basis. These assumptions are being presented in order to provide the Congress and the public with information that may be helpful in understanding and assessing the budget
estimates and long-range projections.
40
PROJECTIONS
41
SHORT-RANGE ECONOMIC FORECAST
[Calendar years; dollar amounts in billions]
Actual
1975
Item
Gross national product!
Current dollars:
Amount
Percent change
Constant (1972) dollars:
Amount
Percent change
Incomes (current dollars):
Personal income
Wages and salaries
Corporate profits
Price level (percent change):
GNP deflator:
Yearoveryear
Fourth quarter over fourth quarter
Consumer price index:
Yearoveryear
December over December
Unemployment rates (percent) :
Total
Insured1
Average Federal pay raise, October (percent)
Interest rate, 91-day Treasury bills (percent)
Forecast
1977
1,516
7.3
1,693
11.6
1,880
11.0
2,092
11.3
1,192
—1.8
1,265
6.2
1,331
5.2
1,398
5.1
1,250
807
114
1,375
890
150
1,521
996
172
1,684
1,102
194
9.3
7.1
5.1
4.7
5.6
5.9
5.9
5.7
9.1
7.0
2
1976
1978
5.7
4.8
5.1
5.3
5.4
5.2
8.5
7.2
5.00
5.8
7.7
6.4
4.83
5.0
7.3
5.4
6.50
4.4
6.6
4.6
6.25
4.4
1
2
Insured unemployment as a percentage of covered employment.
Average rate on new issues within period; the rate shown for 1977 and 1978 was the current market rate at the time the estimates were made.
The short-term economic assumptions presented in this section have
been developed in quite different ways from the longer run assumptions. The assumptions for calendar years 1976 (for which only three
quarters of actual data were available at the time the forecast was
made), 1977, and 1978 are forecasts of probable economic conditions
during these years.
The longer range assumptions for the period 1979 to 1982 are not
forecasts of probable economic conditions, but rather assumptions consistent with moving gradually toward a relatively stable price level and
a lower level of unemployment. Any economic forecast is subject to
substantial error. Even the 1977 forecast involves considerable uncertainty, but the degree of uncertainty rises rapidly in attempting to
foresee economic activity in 1978. Beyond 1978, it is impossible to
make a forecast with any degree of reliability. It is for this reason that
the data in the following table are projections rather than predictions.
42
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
LONG-RANGE ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS
[Calendar years; dollar amounts in billions]
Assumptions
Item
Gross national product:
Current dollars:
Amount
Percent change
_
Constant (1972) dollars:
Amount
Percent change
Incomes (current dollars):
Personal income
Wages and salaries
Corporate profits
_
Price level (percent change):
GNP deflator:
Year over year
_
_
Fourth quarter over lourth quarter
Consumer Price Index:
Yearoveryear
December over December
_
Unemployment rates (percent):
Total
Insured'
Federal pay raise, October (percent)
Interest rate, 91-day Treasury bills (percent)2
1
2
1979
1980
1981
1982
2,334
11.6
_
.._
_
2,579
10.5
2,784
7.9
2,963
6.4
1,480
5.9
1,562
5.5
1,623
3.9
1,680
3.5
1,879
1,228
218
2,075
1,357
243
2,242
1,466
263
2,389
1,562
280
5.4
5.2
4.7
4.4
3.8
3.5
2.8
2.5
5.0
4.9
4.6
4.3
3.8
3.4
2.9
2.4
5.7
3.3
6.00
4.4
4.9
2.8
5.75
4.4
4.8
3.0
5.25
4.4
4.7
3.0
4.75
4.4
Insured unemployment as a percentage of covered employment.
Current market rate at the time the estimates were made.
In these projections it is assumed that real GNP grows at a 6.5%
annual rate beginning in the first quarter of 1979. This growth rate is
gradually reduced as potential GNP is approached in 1980, and in 1981
and 1982 the economic projections coincide with the potential GNP
path. It is further assumed that this growth pattern is consistent with
a continuous slowing in the rate of inflation. The current dollar
value of GNP is derived from the assumed inflation and real growth
rates, while personal income, wages and salaries, and corporate
profits are computed assuming a continuation of the historical trends
that relate these data to current dollar GNP. The unemployment
rate is projected by using the historical relationship between unemployment and the gap between actual and potential GNP.
There is no intent to imply that the economy will follow the exact
path derived from these assumptions. It may grow more rapidly in
some periods and less rapidly in others. Nor do the assumptions represent a blueprint for economic policy. Such plans can only be set in
the context of more information regarding the evolving relationship
PROJECTIONS
43
between inflation and unemployment during the recovery. The purpose of presenting these assumptions is solely to provide a base for
projecting a consistent set of budget estimates.
LONG-RANGE BUDGET PROJECTIONS
The effects of current decisions extend beyond the budget year. They
establish program trends that have important influences on the size and
composition of budgets for years into the future. Just as the composition and level of the 1978 budget have been largely determined by past
decisions, the decisions and proposals it embodies can strongly affect
subsequent budgets. Thus, major program decisions on the 1978
budget significantly affect the swing from an estimated $47 billion
deficit in 1978 to a budget that could be balanced within 2 years.
In accordance with the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, this
budget presents projections by agency, major programs, and function
for each of the years 1980 through 1982. The budgets for the last 7
years have emphasized the longer range implications of current decisions by presenting 5-year projections of Federal outlays and receipts.
In the 1973 budget, detailed 5-year projections of Federal outlays and
receipts were added. The 1978 budget departs significantly from the
approach used heretofore, with much greater attention given to the
so-called "out-years." First, budget figures for the "budget year plusone, " in this case 1979, were reviewed by the President in far greater
detail than has been the case in the past, and many decisions for 1978
were based on 1979 budget implications. Second, general policy
assumptions are reflected in 1980-82. For example, personal income
tax rates are adjusted downward after 1979 to counteract the effects
of inflation and real economic growth moving taxpayers into higher
tax brackets.
Basic assumptions.—The receipts projections presented in this
section are consistent with the foregoing economic assumptions, and
with the continuation of current tax laws as modified by the proposals
contained in this budget. The outlay and budget authority estimates
indicate the degree to which resources would be committed by the
continuation of existing and currently proposed programs at the
program levels recommended for 1977, 1978 and 1979. These projections are not forecasts of future receipts, outlays, or budget authority,
though some attempt is made to anticipate future decisions or their
effects, particularly in receipts, nor are the projections recommendations, except to the extent that they are consistent with the objective
of restraining.the growth in Federal spending.
These projections provide for future cost-of-living adjustments to
most benefit levels, Federal pay raises, and other built-in cost increases
(such as interest) consistent with the economic assumptions outlined
44
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
above. They also provide for growth in real terms for certain programs,
including the health and education block grants, defense procurement,
construction, and related activities. The outlay projections assume
that the remaining programs are level in current dollars except where
there is an explicit budget recommendation to increase or decrease
program levels over time.
As discussed in Part 2, the long-range projections in past budgets
have underestimated outlays and overestimated the budget margin.
Comparing projections for the fifth year out, as set forth in previous
budgets, with actual outlays, suggests that on average, actual outlays
have been about 30% higher than projected. This has been because of
the inherently conservative nature of the underlying assumptions,
which do not normally include "add-ons" or anticipate program
initiatives, and the effect of the economic conditions different from
those assumed. Thus, those programs sensitive to changes in unemployment or the price level, have been higher than projected.
The fiscal outlook.—The table entitled "The Budget Margin,
1977-82", in Part 2 was prepared using the economic assumptions
set forth above. Under those assumptions receipts are expected to rise
an average of 10.6% per year from 1978 to 1982, rising from $393
billion to $587 billion. Over the same period, outlays are projected
to rise 6.2% per year, from $440 billion to $559 billion, leaving a
budget margin of $29 billion in 1982. After including the outlays of
off-budget Federal entities, this 1982 margin is cut in half to $14
billion. It is sometimes assumed that such a budget margin is automatically available for new outlay programs. However, this conclusion
is not warranted. For many spending programs the projections
assume that there will be no outlay increases due to inflation. In other
words, the projections assume some erosion in the real value of
particular program outlays.
In addition, the economic projections underlying the longrun
receipt and outlay estimates assume the economy will achieve, or
nearly achieve the maximum level of GNP that can be produced
with existing resources in the 1980-82 period. Most economists would
argue that under these circumstances the Federal Government should
run a surplus. As emphasized in the 1976 Economic Report oj the President, this is particularly important because attainment of our national
goals in the 1980's will require substantial amounts of capital.
The table in Part 2, entitled "The Budget Margin, 1977-82", also
indicates possible uses of the budget margin that results in 1980-82
under current and proposed law, and possible uses of that margin.
PROJECTIONS
45
Given the economic assumptions used here, the ratio of tax liabilities
to personal income rises between 1977 and 1979 as inflation and real
growth push taxpayers into higher tax brackets. Even if the whole
budget margin is applied to income tax reductions, the income tax
burden would still exceed its 1977 level in 1982. Another option is to
reduce taxes other than income taxes. Alternatively, if the whole margin were applied to debt reduction in order to foster needed capital
formation, the surplus in 1982 would fall short of one-half of one percent of 1982 GNP. If the whole margin were applied to new programs
and program growth, the implied increase in outlays would be less than
3 percent.
The 49% increase in receipts from 1978 to 1982 is attributable
largely to growth in tax bases and enacted and proposed increases in
social security taxes.
The President's budget includes major tax proposals, a number of
which would become effective retroactively to January 1, 1977. In
addition, the President is proposing a longer range policy of individual
income tax "adjustments" to offset the tendency for such taxes to rise
as a share of personal income as inflation and rising real incomes move
people into higher tax brackets. Over the past two decades, legislated
tax reductions have offset implicit increases of this nature. Without
these reductions, total Federal receipts would have risen to a much
larger percentage of GNP than they now claim.
Individual income taxes rise from $171. 2 billion in 1978 to $267.7
billion in 1982. Corporation income taxes rise by 32% over this same
period, from $58.9 billion to $78.0 billion. Tax proposals included in
this budget reduce individual and corporation income taxes by $16.0
billion in 1978 and $61.9 billion by 1982 from what they would be
under a simple extension of current tax legislation. The largest such
reductions result from:
• tax reductions proposed to be retroactive to January 1, 1977;
these proposals reduce individual and corporate income taxes by
$14.7 billion in 1978, and by $16.5 billion by 1982, and
• integration of individual and corporation income taxation; this
proposal reduces receipts by $1.1 billion in 1978 and by $14.2
billion in 1982,
• "tax adjustments," as discussed above to hold the effective tax
rate constant from calendar years 1979 to 1982; these adjustments
reduce receipts by $7.3 billion in 1979, $19.6 billion in 1980, and
$30.6 billion in 1982.
For a more detailed discussion of these and other tax proposals, see
Part 4 of the budget.
46
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
PROJECTED RECEIPTS BY SOURCE
[In billions of dollars]
Source
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Individual income taxes
153.1 171.2 205.3 234.1 252.3 267.7
Corporation income taxes
56.6 58.9 63.7 69.7 74.7 78.0
Social insurance taxes and contributions (trust
funds)
108.9 126.1 146.2 164.8 182.6 196.5
Excise taxes
17.9 18.5 19.1
19.6 20.0 20.1
Estate and gift taxes
5.9
5.8
6.3
6.9
7.3
7.9
Customs duties
4.7
5.3
5.9
6.5
7.0
7.5
Miscellaneous receipts
6.9
7.2
7.7
8.5
9.1
9.7
Total budget receipts
354.0 393.0 454.4 510.0 553.1
587.3
MEMORANDUM : Effect of Proposed Legislation
In comparison to current law:
Individual income tax
Corporation income tax
Social insurance taxes
Other
Total
In comparison to extension of temporary tax provisions:
Individual income tax
Corporation income tax
Social insurance taxes
Other
Total
- 6 . 0 - 1 9 . 2 - 2 2 . 5 - 3 1 . 8 -47.1 - 6 2 . 5
-1.1 - 4 . 7 - 8 . 3 -10.5 -14.7 -19.6
1.3
6.4
11.3 13.2 14.2
.2
.1
.1
4.5
5.5
5.7
- 6 . 9 -22.5 -24.3 -26.5 -43.0 -62.2
- 6 . 0 -12.4 -11.2 -19.9 -34.4 -48.6
-1.1 -3.6 -5.9 -7.9 -10.4 -13.3
1.3
6.4
11.3 13.2 14.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
- 6 . 9 -14.6 -10.6 -16.4 -31.5 -47.5
Social insurance taxes and contributions, which have increased
from only 12.5% of receipts in 1956 to almost 3 1 % two decades later,
are projected to increase by 56% between 1978 and 1982. Under
current law, the social security tax rate is scheduled to increase from
the current rate of 11.7% to 12.1% on January 1, 1978, and to 12.6%
on January 1, 1981. As part of the program to restore the fiscal
integrity of the social security trust fund, the President is proposing
additional increases in this rate of 0.2 in January 1978, 0.6 in January
1979, and 0.3 in January 1980. Thus, in 1981 the combined employeremployee rate would total 13.7%, two percentage points above
its current level. In addition to these rate increases, the taxable
earnings base is projected to increase automatically under current law,
from its current level of $16,500 to $23,700 by January 1982.
PROJECTIONS
47
Estate and gift taxes, customs, excise taxes, and miscellaneous
receipts are projected at $45.2 billion in 1982, an increase of $8.4
billion from 1978. These estimates assume continuation of the 4 cents
per gallon Federal excise tax on gasoline and other highway trust fund
taxes, which are scheduled to decline or expire on September 30,1979,
under current law.
The full-employment budget is an analytical concept based on the
budget estimates that would be generated if the economy were continually operating at a level of full employment. In previous years,
full-employment budget estimates were based upon a 4 % unemployment rate benchmark. The full-employment budget estimates presented this year, however, are based on revised estimates of potential
G N P developed by the Council of Economic Advisers. These estimates
are based on an unemployment rate benchmark which reflects changes
in the demographic composition of the labor force. The benchmark
unemployment rate in 1976 to 1979 is 4.9% and declines to 4.7% by
1982. This rate is consistent with a 4.0% rate in 1955, adjusted for
changes in the composition of the labor force. For a more detailed
discussion of the revisions in potential G N P , see this year's Economic
Report of the President. Full employment outlays include only that
portion of the outlays for benefits under the regular unemployment
insurance program t h a t would be paid if the economy were continuously operating at full employment. They thus eliminate the
fluctuations in actual outlays for these benefits due to year-to-year
changes in the unemployment rate. The differences between these
adjusted receipts and outlay estimates are full-employment budget
margins. Changes in these margins from one year to the next provide
a rough measure of discretionary changes in fiscal policy (i.e., excluding
changes due to automatic stabilizers).
FULL EMPLOYMENT RECEIPTS AND OUTLAYS
[In billions of dollars]
1976
1977
406
380
1978
1980
1981
1982
Full-employment outlays..Full-employment receipts 1
360
336
464
470
496
514
527
551
559
583
Full-employment budget margin
Deficit of off-budget Federal entities....
—24 —26 —18
6
-7 -//
-9 -//
18
-12
24
-13
24
-14
Full-employment budget margin including
off-budget Federal entities
-31
6
//
10
-37
435
417
1979
-27
-5
1
Actual receipts exceed full-employment receipts in 1981 and 1982. This is because actual unemployment insurance taxes in these years are greater than those that would result if the economy were
continuously operating at full employment.
48
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Full-employment outlays are estimated at $435 billion in 1978,
rising to $559 billion in 1982. Full-employment receipts are projected
to increase from $417 billion in 1978 to $583 billion in 1982. The
full-employment margin, including the outlays of off-budget Federal
entities, increases from —$27 billion in 1978 to $10 billion in 1982.
Budget trends.—The
major trend in the composition of the
budget outlays over the last 20 years has been the rapid growth of
domestic assistance programs and the corresponding relative decline
in spending for direct Federal operations, particularly and until recently, defense. Over the past two decades, outlays for domestic
assistance have increased much more rapidly than national output,
and more rapidly than total Federal outlays. The projections to 1982
indicate that the proposals in this budget reverse the latter trend.
Direct Federal operations include Federal purchases of goods and
services for use in Government programs such as defense and space
explorations, compensation of Federal employees, payment of interest
on the public debt, and energy research and development.
BUDGET COMPOSITION
[Percent of total outlays]
Description
Actual
1956
1960
22.3
29.4
1964
1972
1978
1982
32.5
45.7
54.4
53.7
Domestic assistance
Payments for individuals:
Directi
Indirect [grants-in-aid]
All other grants-in-aid!
(17.0) (21.8) (22.1) (22.1) (30.2) (38.2) (39.9)
(2.5) (2.7) (3.0) (3.4) (6.3) (5.8) (6.1)
(2.8) (4.9) (5.5) (7.0) (9.2) (10.4) (7.7)
Direct Federal operations
National defense
Net interest
Other
77.7
(56.4)
(7.2)
(14.1)
Total
1
70.5
(49.0)
(7.5)
(14.0)
30.6
Estimate
1968
69.4
(44.5)
(6.9)
(18.0)
67.5
(44.4)
(6.2)
(16.9)
54.4
(33.4)
(6.7)
(14.3)
45.6
(25.5)
(7.1)
(13.0)
46.4
(28.5)
(6.2)
(1.6)
__. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Excludes military retired pay and grants classified in the national defense function.
The detailed composition of the 5-year projections of outlays and
budget authority is shown on pages — by major function and agency.
Outlays of off-budget Federal entities rise from $9.2 billion in 1978 to
$14.3 billion in 1982. While total budget outlays increase by 27% from
1978 to 1982, outlays for health, income security, and national defense
increase faster than total outlays. Health and income security outlays
rise by 36% and 34% respectively. The 5-year Defense projection is
PROJECTIONS
49
calculated on the basis of a significant real increase in resources, and
rises by 42% in current dollars.
Projected outlays for other functions, such as interest and general
government decline in relative terms but not absolutely. Outlays for
education, training, and social services are projected to decline slightly,
in large part due to the anticipated fall in unemployment, and hence,
to decreases in various employment and training assistance programs.
However, these trends are influenced by the guidelines used in developing long-range projections. For example, functions such as income
security that consist largely of programs indexed to the cost-of-living
reflect assumptions about anticipated inflation. Functions that consist
largely of programs without such mandatory adjustments appear to
grow more slowly. Moreover, the national defense function includes
allowances for pay increases and for increases in the prices of purchases
of goods and services. For the other functions these allowances are not
shown on a function-by-function basis, but rather as a single entry.
Thus, while the functional trends may in some cases reflect the future
implications of current law and budget proposals, they are not predictions of the likely eventual outcome.
The recent large increases and additions to domestic assistance
programs have, until recently, been offset by real reductions in direct
Federal operations, particularly defense. Thus, the rise in outlays for
health and for income security—to 45% of total outlays by 1982,
compared to 33% in 1971—indicates an increased response to human
needs, but also a long-range budgetary problem of fundamental importance if these programs were to grow in the future at the same rate
as they have in the past. The budget cannot accommodate the same
rates of growth in the future, and maintain or increase defense and
other direct Federal activities unless the Federal Government assumes
an ever-increasing portion of GNP through increased taxes or continued large deficits.
Controllability.—Outlays in any one year are considered to be
r latively uncontrollable by the President when the program level is
determined by existing statute or by contract. Relatively uncontrollable outlays consist of two major categories: open-ended programs
a ,d fixed costs, and payments out of prior-year contracts and obligations. The percentage of open-ended programs and fixed costs under
current law is projected to reach 62% by 1982. As recently as 1967
open-ended programs and fixed costs amounted to 36% of the budget.
By 1973 they were more than 50% of the budget and in 1978 they
are expected to be 58%. This substantial growth since then has been
due primarily to the rapid increase in benefit payments for individuals.
50
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
CONTROLLABILITY OF PROJECTED BUDGET OUTLAYS
[In billions of dollars]
Category
1979
1980
1981
95.7
37.9
74.2
31.2
105.4
44.0
76.9
33.2
115. 4
50. 7
80. 3
34. 9
125.8
58.2
83.7
36.6
136.0
66.3
87.0
39.6
6.8
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.9
11.5
10.8
11.3
10.9
10.8
257.2
277.2
299.5
322.0
346. 7
-19.8
-24.7
-29.8
-36.1
-43.1
-4.7
207.2
-5.1
218.6
-5.5
232.3
-5.8
246.9
-6.2
261.3
Subtotal, total relatively controllable and
other budget outlays
182.8
188.8
197.1
205.0
212.0
Total.
440.0
466.0
496.6
527.0
558.7
Relatively uncontrollable under present law:*
Open-ended programs and fixed costs:
Social security and railroad retirement
Medicare and medicaid
Other payments for individuals
Net interest
Countercyclical
and
general
revenue
sharing
Other open-ended programs and fixed
costs
Subtotal, open-ended programs and fixed costs.
Other:
Relatively controllable and other budget
outlays:
Proposed changes in open-ended programs
and fixed costs
Undistributed employer share, employee
retirement
New programs and other budget outlays*. _.
1978
1982
•For purposes of long-range projections, outlays from prior-year contracts and obligations, which
are relatively uncontrollable, are included in the category "New programs and other budget outlays".
These amounts are shown separately in Table 16, in Part 9.
In addition to open-ended programs and fixed costs, outlays for
"prior-year contracts and obligations" amount to an additional 15%
to 20% of the budget and are considered relatively uncontrollable in
the short run. Though these outlays are not projected beyond the
budget year, they suggest that the relatively uncontrollable portion
of the budget amounts to 75% to 80% of the total in the short-run.
The degree of uncontrollability in the budget has obvious fiscal
policy implications. Without changes in legislation or careful control
of obligations that result in spending in subsequent years, attempts to
control total budget outlays fall on an increasingly smaller proportion
of the budget. The President has proposed legislation to change some
of the relatively uncontrollable programs. The effect of these proposals
is reflected in the line "relatively controllable and other budget outlays" in the above table, and are discussed in detail in part 9 of
the budget.
PROJECTIONS
51
BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION
[In billions of dollars]
Estimate
1978
Budget authority:
National defense
International affairs
General science, space, and technology
Natural resources, environment, and energy
Off-budget Federal entities
Agriculture
Commerce and transportation
OS-budget Federal entities
Community and regional development- _
Off-budget Federal entities
_
....
Allowances:
1982
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
18.0
18.5
18.6
18.8 19.0
47.4
52.1
56.9
65.9 73.2
170.2 185.9 203.7 219.2 232.2
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
18.2
18.6
18.1
17.6 17.3
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
3.9
3.9 3.8
(10.0) (10.5) (11.0) (11.5) (12.1)
9.1
39.7
1.2
1.8
8.7
42.4
I
<
I
2.3
2.0
9.8
44.0
2
*
*
3.5
3.5
8.9
9.9
45.1 47.3
A
7
<
4.7
4.8
;
Q
J. y
5.8
off-budget
.........
—4. 7
-8.7
—5.1 —5.5 —5.8 —6.2
-9.7 -10.6 -11.5-12.5
-3.1
-2.5
- 2 . 5 j-2J
518.6
553.9
93.8
Budget authority, off-budget Federal entities
1981
480.4
Total budget authority
'"Less than $50 million.
(0.1)
I
Civilian agency pay raises
Contingencies
Undistributed offsetting receipts:
Employer share, employee retirement
Interest received by trust funds
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental
Shelf.._. .
including
1980
122.9 135.5 145.9 156.9 167.1
9.0
9.6
8.7
8.5
8.3
4. 9
5.2
5.2
4.9 4.5
19.1
18.8
18.3
M.I 18.6
(83.0)
(0)
(0) (8.0)
(0)
2.7
2.5
2.3
1.7
2.1
18.7
19.4
19.9
20.6 20.4
(0.8) (0.8) (0.8) (0.8) (0.8)
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.3
6.1
Education, training, employment, and social services.
Health
Income security
Off-budget Federal entities
Veterans benefits and services
Law enforcement and justice
General government
Off-budget Federal entities
Revenue sharing and general purpose fiscal
assistance
Interest
Budget authority,
entities
.
Projection
1979
11.3
11.8
-2.5
589.5 623.9
20.4
13.0
Federal
574.2
529.9
565.7
609.9
636.9
52
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION
[In billions of dollars]
Estimate
1978
Projection
1979
1980
1981 1982
Budget outlays:
National defense
International affairs
112.3 123.8 136.3 148.2 159.0
7.3
7.6
7.7
7.9 8.0
Off-budget Federal entities
(-0.7) (-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1) (-0.1)
General science, space, and technology
Natural resources, environment, and energy
Off-budget Federal entities.
4.7
19.7
. . _ (-0.1)
Agriculture._
Commerce and transportation
....
...
Revenue sharing and general purpose fiscal assistance Interest."...
Allowances:
Civilian agency pay raises
Contingencies.....
.
Undistributed offsetting receipts:
Employer share, employee retirement
Interest received by trust funds
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf.
-
Outlays, off-budget Federal entities
Outlays, including off-budget Federal entities.^"Less than $50 million.
(-0.1) (-0.1)
1.9
18.6
2.2
19.6
2.1 2.3
18.7
18.3
(3.2)
(3.2) (3.1)
7.9
Education, training, employment, and social services_
Health
.:
Income security
Off-budget Fede-al entities
Veterans benefits and services
Law enforcement and justice
General government
Total budget outlays
4.9 4.6
18.6 18.7
( 2 . 5 ) (3.2)
Off-budget Federal entities
Off-budget Federal entities
5.1
19.3
(-0.1) (-0.1)
2.3
19.3
Community and regional development
Off-budget Federal entities
5.2
20.6
7.1
6.5
6.5 6.4
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1) (0.1)
19.4 18.1 18.3 18.4
18.6
43.2 46.7 50.4 54.4 58.9
143.9 152.8 164.4 178.7 192.6
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*) (*)
18.3 18.0 18.1 17.6 17.3
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8 3.8
3.9
4.0
4.0
3.9 3.8
(5.9)
(6.2)
(6.5)
(6.9) (7.2)
8.1
39.7
8.3
42.4
8.4
44.0
8.5 8.6
45.1
47.3
1.2
1.5
2.3
2.0
3.5
3.5
4.7 5.9
4.8 5.8
—4.7 —5.1 —5.4 —5.8 —6.2
- 8 . 7 - 9 . 7 - 1 0 . 6 —11.5 - 1 2 . 5
-3.1 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5 -2.5
440.0
466.0
9.2
449.2
496.6
527.0 558.7
10.9
12.1
13.1
14.3
476.9
508.7
540.1 573.0
PROJECTIONS
53
BUDGET AUTHORITY BY AGENCY
[In billions of dollars]
Estimates
Department or other unit
1978
Budget authority:
Legislative and judicial branches
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President
Agriculture
Food stamps and other nutrition programs
Other Agriculture
1980
1981
1982
1.5
.1
4.1
12.4
(6.7)
(5.7)
1.7
.1
3.8
12.9
(7.2)
(5.7)
1.6
.1
3.3
13.1
(7.5)
(5.6)
1.6
.1
3.2
13.1
(7.9)
(5.2)
1.7
.1
3.2
13.8
(8.1)
(5.7)
(./)
Off-budget Federal entities
Commerce
Defense-Military
Military personnel
Retired military personnel
Operation and maintenance
Procurement
R.D.T. &E
Other
--—Defense-Civil
Health, Education, and Welfare
SocW security
Medicare
Other Health, Education, and Welfare
Housing and Urban Development
Off-budget Federal entities
Interior
Justice
Labor
Unemployment trust fund
Other Labor
Off-budget Federal entities
State
Transportation
Treasury
Interest on the public debt
General revenue sharing
Other Treasury
Offsetting receipts
Off-budget Federal entities
Civil Service Commission
Export-Import Bank
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Veterans Administration
Other agencies
Off-budget Federal entities.. _.
Projections
1979
(./)
(./)
(./)
(./)
1.9
1.9
2.1
1.8
1.6
121.7 134.3 144.7 155.6 165.7
(26.2) (26.3) (26.4) (26.5) (26.6)
(9.0)
(9.7) (10.5) (11.2) (11.8)
(34.2) (35.6) (37.3) (39.2) (41.2)
(35.1) (39.0) (43.8) (48.1) (52.4)
(12.0) (13.0) (14.6) (15.2) (15.7)
(5.2) (10.7) (12.1) (15,4) (18.0)
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
161.1
181.2 202. $ 224 3 242.7
(88.6) (MB.3) (H9.3) (131.1) (141.4)
(28.6) (32.6) (36.7) (44.8) (51.2)
(44.4) (45.3) (46.8) (48.4) (50.1)
29.7
29.6
29.8
29.7
29.6
(.8)
(.8)
(.8)
(.8)
(.8)
3.6
3.9
4.1
4.0
3.8
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.3
20.7
19.2
18.3
19.9
21.0
(17.2) (17.4) (17.5) (17.9) (17.9)
(3.5)
(1.8)
(0.8)
(2.0)
(3.1)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.8
13.0
14.4
14.6
15.7
15.7
51.0
53.2
55.9
56.1
59.3
(44.6) (47.3) (48.9) (50.0) (52.2)
(6.8)
(6.9)
(6.9)
(6.9)
(6.9)
(11.8) (11.2) (12.3) (11.4) (12.4)
(-12.2) (-12.2) (-12.2) (-12.2) (-12.2)
(9.9) (10.5) (11.0) (11.5) (12.1)
17.1
18.6
20.1
21.0
21.8
1.6
2.2
1.8
1.5
1.2
4.0
4.4
4.3
4.0
3.6
18.2
18.6
18.1
17.6
17.3
25.7
25.2
24.3
24.3
24.6
(-./)
(-./)
Allowances
Undistributed offsetting receipts
...
3.0
-16.5
4.3
-17.3
7.0
-18.6
9.5
-19.8
11.7
-21.2
Total budget authority
480.4
518.6
553.9
589.5
623.9
Budget authority, off-budget Federal entities
(83.0)
93.8
11.3
Budget authority, including off-budget Federal
entities
574.2 529.9
240-000 O - 77 - 5
(7.9)
11.8
565.7
609.9
(-./)
20.4
13.0
636.9
54
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
BUDGET OUTLAYS BY AGENCY
[In millions of dollars]
Estimate
Projection
Department or other unit
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Budget outlays:
Legislative and judicial branches
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President
Agriculture
Food stamps and other nutrition programs
Other Agriculture
Off-budget Federal entities
Commerce
Defense—Military
Military personnel
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
5.1
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.7
12.8
12.5
13.1
13.5
14.0
(7.0) (7.2) (7.5) (7.9) (8.2)
(5.8) (5.2) (5.0) (4.9) (5.1)
(./)
(./)
(. /)
(./)
(./)
2.9
2.3
2.2
1.9
1.8
109.5 120.8 133.3 145.2 156.0
(26.0) (26.2) (26.4) (26.5) (26.6)
Retired military personnel
Operation and maintenance....
Procurement
R.D.T. &E
Other
Defense—Civil
Health, Education, and Welfare
Social Security
Medicare
Other, Health, Education, and Welfare
Housing and Urban Development
(9.0)
..._
Off-budget Federal entities
Interior
Justice
Labor
Unemployment trust fund
Other Labor
Off-budget Federal entities
State
Transportation
Treasury
Interest on the public debt
General revenue sharing
Other Treasury
Offsetting receipts
Off-budget Federal entities
Civil Service Commission
Export-Import Bank
....
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Veterans Administration
Other agencies
Off-budget Federal entities
Allowances
Undistributed offsetting receipts
Total budget outlays
Outlays, off-budget Federal entities
Outlays, including off-budget Federal entities....
(9.7)
(33.6)
(23.8)
(11.4)
(5.7)
2.6
159.4
(90.8)
(24.3)
(44.2)
8.7
(35.2)
(28.8)
(12.5)
(8.4)
2.6
171.9
(99.7)
(26.7)
(45.5)
9.1
(.7)
(.8)
(10.4)
(11.2)
(11.8)
(37.0) (38.8) (40.8)
(34.2) (39.1) (43.9)
(13.9) (14.8) (15.3)
(11.4) (14.8) (17.6)
2.6
2.6
2.6
186.0 200.6 215.5
(109.2) (119.1) (128.9)
(30.1) (33.3) (36.9)
(46.7) (48.2) (49.7)
10.6
11.4
12.5
(.7)
(.7)
(.7)
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.6
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
19.6
15.7
14.2
15.0
15.5
(13.3) (13.9) (13.5) (13.0) (12.4)
(6.3) (1.8) (0.7) (2.0) (3.1)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
14.6
15.2
15.4
15.2
15.2
50.0
52.7
54.5
55.7 58.0
(44.6) (47.3) (48.9) (50.0) (52.2)
(6.8) (6.9) (6.9) (6.9) (6.9)
(10.8) (10.7) (10.9) (11.0) (11.1)
(-12.2) (-12.2) (-12.2) (-12.2) (-12.2)
(5.8)
(6./)
(6.4)
(6.8)
(7.3)
11.3
12.7
14.2
15.6
17.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
3.9
4.3
4.3
4.1
3.7
18.3
17.9
18.0
17.5
17.2
25.3
26.1
25.2
24.5 24.0
(2.4) (3.9) (4.9) (5.6) (6.4)
2.7
4.3
7.0
9.5
11.7
-16.5 - 1 7 . 3 - 1 8 . 6 - 1 9 . 8 - 2 1 . 2
440.0
9.2
449.2
466.0
10.9
476.9
496.6
12.1
508.7
527.0
558.7
13.1
14.3
540.1
573.0
PART 4
BUDGET RECEIPTS
55
BUDGET RECEIPTS
This section of the budget describes the major sources of budget
receipts for 1976 to 1979 and discusses the proposals affecting them.
The detail of budget receipts by source is shown in table 12 in Part 9.
The economic assumptions underlying the estimates are presented in
Part 3 together with longer range estimates of receipts, estimates of
receipts at full employment, and proposals affecting receipts for 1980
to 1982. Part 6 provides an analysis of the difference between receipts
for 1976 and the transition quarter and the budget estimates for these
fiscal periods made 2 years ago.
SUMMARY
Total budget receipts in 1978 are estimated at $393 billion, an
increase of $39 billion from the $354 billion for 1977. Keceipts in 1979
are estimated at $454 billion. These estimates reflect the effect of:
• the recently enacted Tax Reform Act of 1976, which extended
temporary tax reductions that were scheduled to expire, and
enacted or made permanent a number of major tax reforms and
other changes;
• increases in unemployment insurance taxes enacted in the Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1976;
• proposed permanent reductions in individual and corporation
income taxes, to be made retroactive to January 1, 1977;
• increases in the social security tax rate and base as scheduled
under current law and proposed increases in the social security
tax rate on January 1, 1978 and 1979; and
• proposed integration of individual and corporation income taxes,
beginning in January 1978.
Composition of budget receipts.—The Federal tax system relies
predominantly on income and payroll taxes. Taking into account the
President's tax proposals, in 1978:
• Income taxes paid by individuals and corporations are estimated
at $171 billion and $59 billion, respectively. Combined, these
sources account for 59% of estimated total budget receipts.
• Social insurance taxes and contributions—composed largely of
payroll taxes levied on wages and salaries, most of which are paid
equally by employers and employees—will produce an estimated
$126 billion, 32% of the estimated total.
56
BUDGET RECEIPTS
57
• Excise taxes imposed on selected commodities, services, and
activities are expected to provide $19 billion, 5 % of the total.
• Other taxes and miscellaneous receipts will amount to an estimated $18 billion, the remaining 5 % of the total.
While the amount of receipts in 1979 is larger, as shown in the
following table, the proportions remain virtually the same.
BUDGET RECEIPTS BY SOURCE
[In billions of dollars]
Source
1976
Individual income tax
._
Corporation income tax
Social insurance taxes and contributions
Excise taxes
Estate and gift taxes___
Customs duties
Miscellaneous receipts
Total budget receipts
131.6
41.4
92.7
17.0
5.2
4.1
8.0
300.0
TQ
1977
38.8
1979
153.1
56.6
108.9
17.9
171.2
58.9
126.1
18.5
205.3
63.7
146.2
19.1
5.9
4.7
6.9
5.8
5.3
7.2
6.3
5.9
7.9
354.0
393.0
454.4
8.5
25.8
4.5
1.5
1.2
1.6
81.8
1978
ENACTED TAX CHANGES
In the last 2 years, three major laws have changed individual
and corporation income taxes. The first was the Tax Reduction Act of
1975 (Public Law 94-12), enacted March 29, 1975. It provided a
partial rebate of calendar year 1974 individual income tax liabilities, a
number of temporary reductions in individual and corporation income
tax liabilities (generally applicable to calendar year 1975), and a few
permanent changes in the tax structure, most notably limits on percentage depletion for oil and gas producers and revisions in the tax
treatment of certain foreign income. Because the law was not enacted
until late March of that year, the change in withholding schedules to
reflect the reduction was not made until May 1, 1975. Individual income tax withholding rates were reduced to effect the full year's tax
reduction during the 8 months remaining in the year; these withholding rate reductions, therefore, had to be greater than would have been
necessary if they had been introduced on January 1,1975.
The second major tax statute was the Revenue Adjustment Act of
1975 (Public Law 94-164), which was enacted on December 23, 1975.
This act, in effect, provided tax reductions for the first 6 months of
calendar year 1976. For corporations, the act extended the rate
reductions that were enacted in the Tax Reduction Act of 1975. For
individuals, however, a larger annual-rate tax reduction was enacted
in order to avoid increasing the withholding rates that applied during
the last 8 months of calendar year 1975.
58
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
EFFECT ON RECEIPTS OF MAJOR LEGISLATION
[In billions of dollars]
1975
Tax Reduction Act of 1975:
Individual income tax— _
Corporation income tax
1978
1977
1979
-9.4
-.8
-7.8
-2.0
-.1
-.6
1.0
-.1
2.9
-.1
3.3
-9.9
-.2
.4
2.8
3.2
-5.4
-.6
-.5
_*
-.9
-6.0
-.5
-1.3
-2.5
-.3
-12.7
-2.6
-7.7
-3.5
-.7
-3.8
-2.4
-1.0
-2.8
-15.3
-11.9
-7.1
Revenue Adjustment Act of 1975:
Individual income tax
Corporation income tax
_.
Tax Reform Act of 1976:1
Individual income tax
Corporation income tax—
Other (largely estate and gift)
Subtotal.. .
Total effect of above acts:
Individual income tax _ _
Corporation income tax Other
Total
TQ
-10.2
Subtotal. __
Subtotal...
1976
—*
A
-9.4
-.8
-13.2
-2.6
-3.0
-.4
-14.3
-1.9
_*
-7.9
-.5
-.7
-3.9
1.0
-1.0
-10.2
-15.8
-3.5
-16.2
-9.2
-3.9
ADDENDUM
Further effect of Tax Reform Act of
1976 if temporary features are
permanently extended:
Individual income tax
__.
Corporation income tax
__
Total*
_._
__
—6.8 —11.3
—1.0 —2.4
-7.8
-13.7
•Lets than $50 million.
1
Includes the effect of interim legislation that extended individual income tax withholding rates
and corporation income tax rate reductions from July 1, 1976 to October 4, 1976, when the Tax Reform Act of 1976 was enacted.
' Permanent extension would also increase earned income credit outlays by $0.8 billion in 1979.
The last major tax act affecting individual and corporation income
taxes (as well as estate and gift taxes and, to a very small degree, excise
taxes) was the Tax Reform Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-455), enacted
October 4, 1976.* This act extended some temporary provisions
scheduled to expire and made others permanent. It also enacted a number of major tax reforms and other changes. The table above shows the
effect of these three acts on receipts for the years 1975-79.
BUDGET RECEIPTS
59
The Tax Reform Act of 1976 can be subdivided into two major
parts: extension of temporary income tax reductions, and tax reforms
and other changes. All of the major temporary provisions affecting
individual income taxes had been scheduled to expire on June 30,1976.
The Tax Reform Act extended all these provisions as they were in the
first half of calendar year 1976, and made some of them permanent.
These provisions were:
• A $35 tax credit per exemption (except the special exemptions for
the blind and aged) or an optional credit equal to 2% of the taxpayer's taxable income up to $9,000, whichever is larger. These
provisions were extended through December 31, 1977.
• An increase in the low-income allowance (minimum standard
deduction). The allowance, which was scheduled to return to its
calendar year 1974 level of $1,300 for both joint returns and single
persons, was extended permanently at $2,100 for a joint return and
$1,700 for a single person.
• An increase in the percentage standard deduction. I t was scheduled to return to 15% with a maximum of $2,000 but was extended permanently at 16% of adjusted gross income with a maximum of $2,800 for a joint return or $2,400 fbr a single person.
• Extension of the earned income credit, for families with dependent children, equal to 10% of earned income subject to a
maximum of $400. The maximum credit is phased down to zero
between adjusted gross income (or earned income, if greater), of
$4,000 and $8,000. For budget purposes, payments to recipients
of such credit in excess of tax liabilities otherwise owed are
counted as outlays rather than as reductions in receipts.2 This
credit was extended through the end of calendar year 1977.
The major provisions affecting corporation income tax liabilities that
were extended by the Tax Reform Act were:
• Rate reductions in earlier legislation—from 22% to 20% on
the first $25,0C0 of income and from 48% to 22% on the second
$25,000—were extended from June 30, 1976, to December 31,
1977.
• An increase in the investment credit from 7% (4% for public
utilities) to 10% for equipment acquired and put in service in
calendar years 1975 and 1976. The Tax Reform Act extended
the 10% credit through calendar year 1980.3
The Tax Reform Act of 1976 made many changes in the income
tax law. The table below summarizes only those major areas of
change that have the largest effect on receipts. The largest single
effect is from changes in the minimum tax for individuals. The act
2
The congressional budget resolutions count the entire amounts as offsets to receipts and show no
budget outlays (or this item.
3
This provision also applies to unincorporated business and therefore also directly lowers taxes
on income from such businesses payable by individuals.
60
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
increased the minimum tax rate from 10% to 1 5 % and expanded the
tax base to which this rate applies. Many of the provisions related to
"tax shelters" and tax simplification for individuals reflect the administration's earlier proposals. The increases in receipts from the "tax
shelter" provisions are offset by reduced receipts from the tax simplification provisions. The act also increased receipts by imposing new
limitations on taxes deferred through Domestic International Sales
Corporations.
Reforms to estate and gift taxes will lower receipts significantly,
beginning in 1978. The act unified estate and gift taxes, providing
a unified rate schedule for both taxes that applies to cumulative
transfers during lifetime and after death. Previously, gift tax rates
were three-fourths of the corresponding estate tax rates and gifts
were not added to the estate in determining the rates t h a t applied
to the estate. The current exemptions of $60,000 for estate taxes and
$30,000 for gift taxes are replaced by a unified credit that will increase
gradually from $30,000 for decedents dying in calendar year 1977,
to $47,000 in calendar year 1981 and subsequent years. The $47,000
credit is roughly equivalent to a $175,000 exemption.
TAX REFORM ACT OF 1976:
EFFECT OF TAX REFORM AND OTHER CHANGES ON RECEIPTS1
[In billions of dollars]
1977
Income tax changes:
Minimum tax for individuals
_
Tax shelter provisions
Tax simplification
Amendments affecting Domestic International Sales Corporations
(DISC)
__
.„._
_
_
All other (net)
_
Subtotal, income tax changes
Estate and gift tax changes
Total, tax reform and other changes
._
_
_._
1978
1979
1.1
.4
—.4
1.3
.4
—.4
1.4
.5
—.5
.5
-.1
.6
-*
.6
*
_
__
1.5
—*
1.7
—.7
2.1
—1.0
_______
1.5
1.0
1.1
•Less than $50 million.
* Excludes effect of extension of temporary tax reductions. The total effect of the Tax Reform Act,
including extension of the temporary tax reductions, is shown in the preceding table.
BUDGET RECEIPTS
61
PROPOSED TAX CHANGES
Individual and corporation income taxes.—The budget reflects
the President's proposals for permanent income tax reductions to
become effective retroactive to January 1, 1977. These reductions—
which include replacement of some temporary provisions of the Tax
Reform Act—would reduce receipts by $7.2 billion in 1977, by $22.6
billion in 1978, and by $27.3 billion in 1979. In comparison to the
receipts that would result from extending the temporary provisions
of the Tax Reform Act, the reductions in receipts are $7.2 billion in
1977, $14.7 billion in 1978, and $13.7 billion in 1979.4
The major proposals relating to individual income taxes are:
• an increase in the personal exemption from $750 to $1,000;
• a reduction in tax rates in lower and middle income tax brackets;
• an increase in the low-income allowance from $2,100 to $2,500 for
joint returns and from $1,700 to $1,800 for single persons; and
• elimination of the $35 per capita credit, the optional taxable income credit, and the earned income credit, all retroactive to
January 1, 1977 (under current law these credits are all scheduled
to expire December 31,1977).
The major provisions of the President's corporation income tax
reduction proposals are:
• permanent extension of the temporary rate reductions—from
22% to 20% on the first $25,000 of income and from 48% to 22%
on the second $25,000—that are scheduled to expire December
31, 1977; and
• a 2-percentage-point rate reduction—from 48% to 46%—on
corporation income in excess of $50,000.
In addition to these income tax reduction proposals, the President
is proposing a number of other changes affecting income tax receipts.
The President is repeating his proposal for integration of the corporation and individual income taxes. Under the current system of taxation, income earned by corporations is taxed twice: first when it is
earned by the corporation and again when it is distributed to the
shareholder as a dividend. Under the administration's proposal, this
double taxation would be eliminated in six successive annual phases,
beginning in January 1978, by a corporate deduction against income
for dividend distributions, and by a credit to shareholders to compensate for corporation income taxes that have already been paid.
4
The receipt estimates assume the withholding rates are reduced at the beginning of March 1977 to
reflect the proposed tax reductions. Because the reduced tax liability in the first 2 months of calendar
year 1977 will not be matched by lower withheld taxes, receipts in the spring of calendar year 1978
will be lowered by higher refunds and lower final settlements. It is this feature of the proposals that
causes thelargcr reduction in receipts in 1978 than in 1979.
62
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
The President is again proposing to stimulate employment in areas
of particularly high unemployment (7% or greater) through a tax
incentive to encourage construction of new (or expansion of old)
facilities in these areas. This would be accomplished by allowing very
rapid amortization when a project in one of these areas is begun
during calendar year 1977 and completed within 36 months.
The Tax Reform Act of 1976 authorized employee stock ownership
plans (ESOPs) funded through a special investment tax credit, to
encourage employee ownership of employer stock. The administration
opposes this credit, however, because it is inequitable. It applies only
to the stock that employees own in the firm that employs them, and
benefits only certain corporate employees in proportion to their compensation. These provisions may also lead workers to depend upon
the fortunes of a single firm for their income security during retirement years rather than upon more diversified assets. Moreover,
because this provision is linked to the investment credit, it favors
employees of corporations that make large investments in equipment.
The President's corporate tax proposals—particularly the elimination
of double taxation of dividends—would create incentives for stock
ownership on a more equitable basis. Accordingly, repeal of the ESOP
provision of the Tax Reform Act is proposed.
The Tax Reform Act added itemized deductions (other than medical
and casualty deductions) in excess of 60% of adjusted gross income
to the tax base to which the minimum tax of 15% applies. Legislation
is proposed to exclude charitable contributions from this tax base to
remove the disincentive to charitable giving.
Also proposed is a 15% credit for the cost of energy-saving home
improvements such as storm windows and insulation. This credit
would apply for 3 years to the first $1,000 of such expenditures over
the period.
A taxable municipal bond option with a 30% subsidy is proposed
to improve the efficiency of the municipal market. The proposal would
also remove the tax exemption from municipal bonds for industrial
development purposes and those issued with a Federal guarantee or
other Federal subsidy. Industrial development bonds, including pollution control bonds, currently eligible for tax exemption, would be
required to be issued in taxable form with a 20% subsidy.
Finally, a revision of the tax code is proposed to allow certain
expenditures for the discovery of geothermal energy resources to be
treated as current expenses like private research and development
outlays.
Income tax changes effective after 1979.—There are also two income
tax proposals that do not affect receipts in 1977 to 1979, but that
reduce estimated receipts in the longer range estimates shown in
Part 3. In the absence of legislated tax reductions, the effective rate
BUDGET RECEIPTS
63
on personal income rises over time as inflation and real growth move
taxpayers into higher tax brackets. The President has therefore proposed that tax adjustments be enacted to hold this rate constant from
calendar year 1979 to 1982. Even with this proposal the effective tax
rate would be significantly higher during 1979-82 than in 1977,
because of a rise in the effective rate from 1977 to 1979. The table
entitled "Budget Margins 1977-82" in Part 2 provides information on
the cost of still further adjustments to return the effective tax rate
to the 1977 level and on the budget margins available for doing this.
Permanent extension of the investment credit at 10% (it is scheduled
to return to 7% (4% for utilities) on January 1, 1981) is also proposed.
Other tax changes*—The President is again proposing increases in
the social security (and railroad retirement) tax rates. Under current
law the social security tax rate will increase from 11.7% to 12.1% in
January 1978. The President is proposing a further 0.2 percentage
point increase at that time. He is also proposing further increases in
the tax rate to 12.9% in January 1979 and to 13.2% in January 1980.
The 0.5 percentage point increase scheduled under current law to
occur in January 1981 would increase this rate to 13.7%. These increases, which would raise receipts by $1.3 billion in 1978 and $6.4
billion in 1979, are needed to place the social security trust fund on a
sound financial basis. Under current law, the social security system
could, if current trends continue, use up the trust funds' resources
by 1982. Legislation is also proposed to require employers to pay
social security taxes on employee income derived from tips. Currently,
only employees pay such taxes.
Also proposed is a reduction from 4% to 2% in the excise tax that
private foundations pay on their net investment income. This tax was
designed to produce sufficient revenue to cover the cost of auditing all
tax-exempt organizations; a 2% rate is deemed sufficient for that
purpose.
Three changes affecting miscellaneous receipts are being proposed
again. They are: the write-off of discontinued currencies, mostly
silver certificates, that have been determined to have been destroyed
or irretrievably lost; authorization for the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission to collect fees to cover the costs of its licensing services,
including its reactor safety research program; and authorization to
require navigators of Federal waterways, canals, locks, and channels
to pay user fees to help defray the costs of waterways. Also, the longer
range estimates in Part 3 assume that the 4-cent-per-gallon gasoline
tax is extended beyond its current expiration date of September 30,
1979, and that the airport and airway taxes are extended beyond their
current expiration date of June 30, 1980.
64
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
The following table shows the effect of the President's proposals
on receipts for 1977 through 1979. The effect is shown both in comparison to present law and to extension of the temporary provisions
of the Tax Reform Act of 1976.
EFFECT ON PROPOSED LEGISLATION ON RECEIPTS
[In billions of dollars]
1978
1979
-6.0
-19.0
-.2
-.1
_*
_*
-22.1
-.2
-.1
-.1
_*
-6.0
-19.2
-22.5
-1.1
_*
.1
-3.6
-1.1
-.2
.3
*
-5.2
-3.0
-.4
.3
*
-1.1
-4.7
-8.3
1.3
.1
2.2
4.2
.1
1.3
6.4
.1
.1
.2
.1
.1
-6.9
-22.5
-24.3
—6.0
—1.1
2
—12.4
—3.6
1.4
—11.2
—5.9
6.6
-6.9
-14.6
-10.6
1977
Individual income tax proposals:
Individual income tax reductions
Home insulation credit
Exclusion of charitable contributions from minimum tax___
Integration of individual and corporation income taxes
Other.
__.....
Subtotal, individual income tax proposals
Corporation income tax proposals:
Corporation income tax reductions
Integration of individual and corporation income taxes
Accelerated depreciation in high unemployment areas *
Repeal of ESOP_
_
Expensing of geothermal discovery costs
Subtotal, corporation income tax proposals
_
Social security (and railroad retirement) tax proposals:
January 1978 rate increase (from 12.1% to 12.3%)
January 1979 rate increase (from 12.3% to 12.9%)
Employer tax on tips
Subtotal, social security tax proposals
Other:
Write-off of silver certificates . . .
Other
_
Subtotal, other
_
_
.
_
_.__
_
Total proposed changes
.2
ADDENDUM
Effect of proposed changes in comparison to extension of temporary
income tax reductions:
Individual income taxes
_._
_
_
Corporation income taxes
Other
_
_._
Total.
"Less than $50 million.
1
This provision also applies to individuals and therefore also directly reduces individual income
taxes. This effect is included in the "other" line for individual income taxes.
BUDGET RECEIPTS
65
CHANGES IN BUDGET RECEIPTS
Budget receipts are estimated to rise by $54.0 billion in 1977, $39.0
billion in 1978, and $61.3 billion in 1979. The year-to-year changes can
be divided between those due to growth in the tax base and those due to
revisions in the tax structure. Under the tax rates and structure in
effect on January 1, 1975 (i.e., before the enacted tax changes described
earlier), receipts would have risen by $59.8 billion in 1977, $41.2
billion in 1978, and $49.4 billion in 1979. Thus, the combined effect
CHANGES IN BUDGET RECEIPTS
[In billions of dollars]
1976
Receipts under tax rates and structure in effect
Jan.1,19751
Temporary increase in import fee on petroleum
products by administrative action
Enacted legislative changes:
Social security taxable earnings base increases:
$14,100to$15,300,effectivejan. 1,1976
$15,300 to $16,500, effective Jan. 1,1977.....
$16,500to$17,700,effectivejan.1,19782_
$17,700to$19,200,effectivejan. 1,1979
Social security tax rate increase from 11.7% to
12.1 % effective Jan. 1,19782
Unemployment tax rate and base increases
Tax Reduction Act of 1975 *
_
Revenue Adjustment Actof 1975_.._
Tax Reform Act of 1976 3
Reduction in telephone excise tax
_
Increase in SMI (medicare) premium.
TQ
314.1
+1.7
84.7
_
+.2
1977
1978
1979
373.9
415.1
464.5
+2.9
+2.4
+.8
+3.4
+2.9
+2.5
+1.0
+2.5
+1.4
+2.8
+4.8
+3.9
+3.2
-11. 9
—. 7
-7.1
-1.0
+. 3
+.5
___
+.6
+2.4
+.8
__
-.2
-.5
-2.8
—.1
+. *
81.8
Total, receipts under existing legislation...
300.0
415.5
478.6
—6.8
—1.0
—11.3
—2.4
—6.0
—1.1
_
-
—.1
360.9
__
-9.9
-6.0
+.3
+.4
-1.3
-15.3
—.4
+.2
—12.4
—3.6
+1.3
—11.2
—5.9
+6.4
+.2
+.1
+.1
354.0
393.0
454.4
Extension of temporary provisions of Tax Reform
Act:
Individual income tax
Corporation income tax
Tax
proposals in comparison to extension of
temporary provisions of Tax Reform Act:
Individual income tax
Corporation income tax.
Social security (and RRR) increases
_
_
Other
Total, receipts under existing and proposed
legislation
_
300.0
81.8
66
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
of enacted and proposed tax law changes, which are shown in the
accompanying table, reduces the growth in receipts by $5.8 billion
in 1977 and $2.2 billion in 1978. In 1979, these changes increase the
growth in receipts by $12.0 billion.
RECEIPTS BY SOURCE
Individual income taxes.—Individual income tax receipts are
estimated at $153.1 billion in 1977, $171.2 billion in 1978, and $205.3
billion in 1979. As discussed earlier, proposed tax law changes reduce
receipts from this source by $6.0 billion in 1977, $19.2 billion in 1978,
and $22.5 billion in 1979. In comparison to the individual income tax
receipts that would result from extending the temporary provisions
of the Tax Reform Act, the proposals reduce receipts by $6.0 billion
in 1977, $12.4 billion in 1978, and $11.2 billion in 1979.
Corporation income taxes.—Corporation income tax receipts are
estimated at $56.6 billion in 1977, $58.9 billion in 1978, and $63.7
billion in 1979. Proposed tax law changes reduce these receipts by
$1.1 billion in 1977, $4.7 billion in 1978, and $8.3 billion in 1979. In
comparison to extension of the temporary tax reductions, the proposals
reduce corporation income taxes by $1.1 billion in 1977, $3.6 billion
in 1978, and by $5.9 billion in 1979.
Social insurance taxes and contributions.—Included in this
category are social security and railroad retirement taxes, unemployment insurance taxes and deposits of State unemployment tax receipts,
Federal employee retirement contributions, and premium payments
for supplementary medical insurance.
Receipts from this source are expected to total $108.9 billion in
1977, $126.1 billion in 1978, and $146.2 billion in 1979. Proposed
legislation adds $1.3 billion to these receipts in 1978 and $6.4 billion
in 1979.
These receipt figures also reflect an increase in the social security
tax rate from 11.7% to 12.1% effective January 1, 1978, as scheduled
under current law, an increase in the taxable earnings base from
$15,300 to $16,500 that became effective January 1, 1977, and anticipated increases in this base to $17,700 effective January 1, 1978, and
to $19,200 effective January 1, 1979, due to the operation of the automatic adjustment mechanism. These estimates also reflect the Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1976, which increased the
Federal unemployment insurance tax rate (from 0.5% to 0.7%)
effective January 1, 1977, and tax base (from $4,200 to $6,000)
effective January 1, 1978. The estimates also anticipate higher State
deposits of unemployment taxes as States repay borrowings from the
Federal Government and replenish their balances in the unemployment trust fund.
BUDGET RECEIPTS
67
Excise taxes.—Excise taxes are levied on a variety of products,
services, and activities. Receipts from these taxes are estimated at
$17.9 billion in 1977, $18.5 billion in 1978, and $19.1 billion in 1979.
Excise tax receipts reflect the continued phasing out of the telephone
excise tax. Under current law, this tax rate was reduced from 6% to
5% on January 1, 1977, and will be reduced to 4% on January 1,
1978, and to 3% on January 1, 1979.
Other receipts.—Estate and gift taxes, customs, and miscellaneous
receipts are estimated to total $17.5 billion in 1977, $18.3 billion in
1978, and $20.1 billion in 1979. The miscellaneous receipt estimates
reflect proposed legislation discussed earlier.
In addition to budget receipts, the Government receives significant
proprietary income from the public. This income is derived from
various market-oriented activities—such as rents, royalties, and the
sale of Government property, products, and services (including timber
and veterans life insurance). Since this income arises from businesstype transactions rather than from taxation, it is treated as an offset
to related outlays and budget authority rather than as budget receipts. Proprietary receipts from the public are shown in detail in
table 13 in Part 9.
PART 5
THE FEDERAL
PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
69
240-000 O - 77 - 6
INTRODUCTION
This section discusses budget outlays in terms of the major functions
or purposes being served. The functional structure groups the budget
authority and outlays of budget accounts and off-budget Federal
entities as well as tax expenditures into relatively homogeneous
categories to facilitate understanding and analysis of the budget. To
the extent feasible, these groupings are made without regard to agency
or organizational lines. They are the categories used by the Congress
in developing concurrent resolutions on the budget. Part 7 of this
budget document discusses the criteria underlying the functional
classification.
Federal activities are classified in one, and only one, function.
Because many activities serve more than one purpose, it is often necessary to make judgments as to their single most important purpose.
Consequently, the total in a function is not a complete measure of all
Federal activity serving that purpose. For example, outlays for medical
care of military personnel are included in the national defense function
as part of the cost of maintaining a national military establishment,
even though such outlays clearly contribute to health and, therefore,
could legitimately be included in a broadly defined health function.
Some important ways of classifying Federal activities are not
explicitly identified in the functional classification structure. For
example, there is no separate function for housing programs. While all
housing programs may be seen as having the common purpose of
promoting good housing, this purpose is subordinated in the present
functional classification to such other purposes as community and
regional development, income support, aid to business, national
defense, and veterans benefits and services.
Despite its limitations and the need for periodic reviews and changes
where appropriate, the functional classification has proven to be a
useful structure for the presentation of the Federal program for three
decades.1
Functional data appear in several other places in this and other
budget documents. The budget accounts listing (BAL) in Part 8 presents budget authority and outlays by agency and appropriation
account and includes an identification number indicating the functional
classification of each budget account. Tables 14 and 15 in Part 9 show
1
This year, one relatively minor change has been made in the functional structure. This change is
discussed in the general science, space, and technology function.
70
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
71
budget authority and outlays by function, subfunction, and agency.
This information permits the functional and subfunctional totals discussed in this section and in other parts of the budget to be crossreferenced to agency and account data in the BAL and the budget
appendix. Table 19 provides data on budget outlays by function and
subfunction for the years 1969 through 1979. Historical data on budget
outlays by function for the years 1940 through 1979 and by subfunction
for the years 1962 through 1979 are available upon request from the
Office of Management and Budget. In addition, Special Analysis F of
the budget shows tax expenditure data by function.
While budget outlays have been presented on a functional basis since
1948, this classification has taken on new importance with enactment
of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-344). Under
terms of this act, the Congress is now required to adopt at least two
concurrent resolutions on the budget each year. The first resolution is
to provide targets, by major function, for the authorization and appropriation actions that take place in the Congress after the first resolution. The Second Concurrent Resolution, which is intended to take
place after completion of the authorization and appropriation process,
adjusts the overall budget authority and outlay targets of the first
resolution and converts them into firm ceilings, and includes any
directions to congressional committees necessary to meet these ceilings.
As a result, the functional structure is now being used as a basis for
congressional budget control as well as a means of displaying budget
information.
There are a number of different ways that budget outlays can be
displayed in order to provide a broad perspective on Federal spending
trends. The chart on the next page provides one such perspective:
It shows budget outlays by major aggregations adjusted for changes
in price levels.
This permits a better understanding of outlay trends in real terms.
As the chart shows, defense outlays in real terms more than tripled
from the peacetime 1950 level to the Korean war peak; after the postwar decline, they remained relatively flat for most of the post-Korean
years, then peaked in the Vietnam period. Between 1968 and 1976
real defense spending declined to levels below the pre-Vietnam average.
This decline was reversed by a 1976 Presidential initiative to begin a
steady increase in defense programs. This resulted in higher real defense outlays in 1977; the increase is accelerated in 1978 and is projected to continue through 1982. By way of contrast, Federal payments
that go for income support of individuals and aid to State and local
governments have risen steadily over most of the period since 1950;
they are projected to decline slightly in real terms in 1978 reflecting the
expiration of some temporary antirecession spending and proposed
expenditure restraints. At the start of this period, such payments were
72
THE BUDGET FOB FISCAL TEAR 1078
Federal Outlays—Constant 1978 Dollars
equal to less than one-fourth of Federal spending; they are now well
over half of the total.
A second way of looking at broad trends is to group the functional
totals into broader categories and compare them to our total economic
output (GNP). As the table on the following page indicates, there
has been a substantial decrease in defense spending as a percentage
of GNP between 1971 and 1976. Total outlays of the Federal Government as a percent of GNP decreased from 1971 to 1974 and increased
again during the period 1975 to 1977. The increase during the latter
period was largely due to the recession—temporary increases in
spending in response to higher unemployment rates and a shortfall
in actual GNP relative to potential.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
73
OUTLAY TRENDS, 1971-79
1971
1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978
est.
est.
1979
est.
OUTLAYS (in billions of dollar.)
National defense
Nondefense:
Human resources
Net interest.....
Allother
_
76.8 77.4 75.1 78.6 86.6 90.0 100.1 112.3 123.8
89.0 103.8 115.7 131.5 168.1 197.5 216.9 224.7 235.6
_ 14.8 15.5 17.4 21.5 23.3 26.8 29.8 31.1 32.7
_ _ 30.8 35.4 38.9 38.1 48.1 52.2 64.5 71.9 73.8
_
Total nondefense... 134.6 154.7 172.0 191.1 239.5 276.5 311.2 327.7 342.2
Total budget outlays
211.4 232.0 247.1 269.6 326.1 366.5 411.2 440.0 466.0
Outlays, off-budget Federal
entitle...(..„.) (....) (./) (1.4) (8.0) (7.2) (10.8) (9.2) (10.9)
Outlays including off-budget
Federal entities....
(211.4)(232.0)(247.1)(271. 1)(334.1)(373.7)(422.0)(449. I)(476.9)
OUTLAYS AS A PERCENT OF GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP)
National defense
7.5
7.0
6.1
5.8
Nondefense:
Human resources
Netinterest
Allother
8.7
1.5
3.0
9.3
1.4
3.2
9.3
1.4
3.1
9.7 11.6 12.3 11.9 11.0 10.4
1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4
2.8 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.3
Total nondefense-.-
6.0
5.6
5.5
5.5 5.5
13.2 13.9 13.9 14.0 16.5 17.2 17.0 16.1
15.1
Total budget outlays
20.7 20.9 20.0 19.8 22.5 22.8 22.5 21.6 20.5
Outlays, off-budget Federal
entities
(
) ( . . . . . ) (*)
(.1) (.6) (.4) (.6) (.4) (.5)
Outlays including off-budget
Federal entities
(20.7) (20.9) (20.0) (19.9) (23.0) (23.2) (23.1) (22.0) (21.0)
•0.05% or less.
74
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
NATIONAL DEFENSE
The national defense function includes the military programs of the
Department of Defense, military assistance to foreign governments,
the military-related nuclear activities of the Energy Research and
Development Administration, and the defense-related activities of
other civilian agencies.
Budget Proposals
• Continue a steady and sustained strengthening of U.S.
military capabilities to ensure our Nation's security.
• Initiate full-scale development of a new intercontinental
ballistic missile and continue to modernize each component of the strategic forces to maintain the nuclear
balance and deterrence.
• Improve the readiness and sustainability of the general
purpose forces, which contribute to deterrence, by
additional increases in equipment and supplies for land
forces, tactical air forces, and airlift forces.
• Increase the capability of general purpose forces to
respond rapidly in the case of a European conflict.
• Accelerate the rebuilding of the fleet and emphasize construction of smaller carriers and larger numbers of
combat ships, including destroyers and frigates.
• Encourage cooperative military arrangements with allies
and friends, including standardization of equipment and
joint training, and the strengthening of allied capabilities.
• Increase research and development efforts to ensure
defense capabilities in the decade ahead.
• Update the stockpile of critical and strategic materials
to provide for wartime requirements of vital raw materials
in the event of a disruption in normal overseas supplies.
• Conduct a study to determine the number and type
of domestic military installations required. A partial
construction moratorium is proposed in 1978 pending
the results of this review.
The 1978 and 1979 defense programs and the projections through
1982 reflect the results of a major Presidential review of U.S. national
defense policy and military programs. The review addressed policy
affecting both strategic and general purpose forces in the future.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
75
As a consequence of his defense policy review, the President recommends continuation of the growth in defense effort initiated in 1976.
Sustained growth over a period of years is essential to fulfill the
requirements of U.S. military policy and ensure American military
strength relative to that of the Soviet Union in the decade ahead.
A major determinant of U.S. defense policy is the challenge to
American security and to peace and stability in the world posed by the
expanding, worldwide military capabilities of the Soviet Union and its
allies. Over the past decade the Soviet Union maintained a high rate of
growth in defense spending. As a result of this sustained effort, the
Soviets have modernized every major component of their forces including intercontinental and submarine-launched nuclear missiles, landbased intermediate range missiles, and ground and air combat equipment. Soviet naval power has been increased dramatically. During
most of this same period, U.S. defense budgets declined in real terms
and the rate of modernization slowed, setting in motion trends that
are adverse to U.S. interests. Commencing in 1976, however, U.S.
defense programs have increased in real terms.
The United States and its allies are prepared to counterbalance
increases in the capabilities of the Soviet Union and its allies and to
meet other challenges. However, this Nation prefers to settle international differences through negotiations and to maintain worldwide stability and relationships by treaty and by other forms of understanding.
There have been some successes, one of the most important being the
Vladivostok accord. These steps may eventually contribute to lower
levels of tension. Such agreements, however, can be achieved only if
the United States and its allies are able to negotiate from a position
of strength. While the United States and its allies continue to negotiate
with the Soviet Union and its allies, actual capabilities must be
maintained.
During the past year, the President also directed a comprehensive
study of U.S. maritime strategy and naval force requirements. This
review resulted in a decision to accelerate modernization of the fleet,
building toward a level of about 600 active ships by the 1990's. In the
context of this review he decided not to build more Nimitz-class
large attack carriers, but to place emphasis on smaller carriers and a
larger number of smaller combat ships. The budget, accordingly,
requests the first of a new class of smaller aircraft carriers in 1979 to
become operational by the mid-1980's and be equipped with vertical
or short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) aircraft and helicopters. In
addition, the 5-year shipbuilding program, which begins with 25
ships in 1978, will include greater numbers of combat ships, including
guided missile destroyers and guided missile escorts as well as combat
support ships.
76
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Department
of Defense.—The fundamental goal of the military
program of the Department of Defense is to protect the United States
from external attack or threat of attack.
NATIONAL DEFENSE *
[In millions of dollars]
Program or agency
Department of Defense—Military:
Military personnel
Retired military personnel
Operation and maintenance
Procurement.
Research, development, test and evaluation_
Military construction
Family housing
Revolving and management funds and other.
Allowances for:
Civilian and military pay raises:
Existing legislation
Proposed legislation
Other legislation:
Military personnel
Retired military personnel
Operations and maintenance
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
26,193
Outlays
1976
1977
1978
1979
stimate
25,064
26,212
26,005
26,235
9,036 7,296 8,234 9,035
34,168 27,902 31,146 33,539
35,143 15,964 18,710 23,786
11,980 8,923 9,993 11,350
1,376 2,019 2,087 2,046
1,329 1,192 1,442 1,518
-71
26
2
9
5 -322
9,704
35,242
28,840
12,478
1,951
1,533
-14
2,493
-167
2,417
-160
5,079
-397
56
3
2
-30
56
3
2
-30
5
5
19
1
-30
98,050 109,523 120,795
Subtotal, military..
121,704
88,036
Military assistance:
Military sales trust fund..
Other military assistance.
-1,884
666
-600
1,101
-465
715
57
7
44
9
Subtotal, military assistance _
-1,218
51
0
20
5
57
7
44
9
Subtotal, military and military assistance
120,486
88,537
Atomic energy defense activities
2,380
1,565
1,829
2,162
2,459
Defense-related activities:
Existing law
Proposed legislation
236
-229
-103
-52
232
-229
308
-256
Subtotal, defense-related...
7
-103
-52
3
52
Deductions for offsetting receipts.
-3
-3
a
-3
-3
89,996 100,075 112,262
123,798
Total, national defense
1
122,871
98,300 110,100 121,288
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977. and 1979. and data for the transition quarter
are shown in Tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
77
Military and Military Assistance Programs'
-jR:
II
I
I I I I
I I I I
I II
I
The accompanying chart depicts Department of Defense resources
in terms of total obligational authority (TOA), which is current budget
authority enacted annually by the Congress, plus unspent funding authority approved in previous years that has been transferred forward
for use until spent. This chart illustrates the reversal in 1976 of the 7year decline in Department of Defense budget resources, measured in
dollars of constant 1978 purchasing power, for both military functions
and military assistance. Real defense purchasing power is projected to
continue increasing through the next 5 years.
To accomplish the improvements proposed for 1978, within recommended budget levels, additional efficiencies will be required in the
defense establishment. Initiatives are proposed in personnel-related
costs and support activities that are marginal to our defense capabilities. These would:
• eliminate dual compensation of Federal employees on active duty
for training with the National Guard and Reserve;
• reduce the disparity between the value of housing received by
occupants of Government quarters and the allowance they forfeit
as implicit rent;
78
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
• reform the mechanism for setting blue-collar pay;
• reduce energy consumption throughout the services by the use of
training aids and simulators;
• reduce permanent change-of-station travel; and
• reduce the senior officer grade structure and lower the ratio of
officers to enlisted personnel.
Some of these actions can be put into force by administrative action;
others require congressional approval.
The accompanying table summarizes the TOA for the Department
of Defense military functions and military assistance on the basis of
major missions. These mission categories group budget funds in ways
that relate to the broad tasks that must be performed.
SUMMARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BUDGET PROGRAM 1
[In billions of dollars]
Major military programs
Strategic forces
General purpose forces
Intelligence and communications
Airlift and sealift
Guard and Reserve
Research and development2
Central supply and maintenance
Training, medical, and other general personnel
activities
Administration and associated activities
Support of other nations l
Total obligational authority
Prior-year funds and other financial adjustments
Total budget authority
1
3
Total obligational authority
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
1978
estimate estimate
1979
estimate
7. 3
33.0
6.7
1.4
5.4
8. 7
9.8
1.8
6.8
1.6
.3
1.3
2.2
2.5
9.8
38.2
7.5
1.5
6.0
10.1
11.1
11.0
44.3
8.2
1.7
7.2
11.1
11.8
11.9
50.4
9.0
1.6
7.2
12.1
12.6
21.6
2.1
1.6
5.4
.5
.1
22.7
2.1
1.3
24.3
2.3
1.3
26.7
2.6
1.3
97.5
22.5
110.2
123.1
135.4
4.7
-.8
-3.6
-2.6
-2.3
102.2
21.7
106.6
120.5
133.1
Includes grant military assistance and foreign military sales programs.
Excludes R. & D. in other program areas on systems approved for production.
Strategic forces.—Forces in this category are designed to deter
nuclear attack against the United States or its allies. Deterrence
requires forces that can respond as needed to all levels of attack. It
also requires research and development capable of countering Soviet
initiatives that could change the strategic balance.
The proposed strategic program of $11.0 billion in TOA for 1978
would provide for continued modernization of each strategic force
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
79
component—land-based missiles, submarine-based missiles, and aircraft. Major programs, including those funded under research and
development, are:
• continued procurement of the B-l aircraft to provide the capability to penetrate improving Soviet air defenses;
• procurement of Trident submarines and ballistic missiles to
provide a longer range and less vulnerable sea-based nuclear
deterrent;
• full-scale development for the mid-1980's of the M-X intercontinental ballistic missile that will be able to survive a nuclear
attack and retaliate effectively;
• full-scale development of cruise missile systems for possible air,
land, or sea deployment;
• continued research and development on ballistic missile defense
systems as a hedge against the possible need for deployment of
these systems should existing treaties be abrogated; and
• improvements in strategic command, control, and communications systems.
General purpose forces.—The role of these forces is to deter or
counter aggression short of strategic nuclear conflict. Because of
nuclear equivalence, military power—using conventional weapons—
has become more important as an instrument of international politics.
This adds to the burden of deterrence on U.S. general purpose forces.
In 1978 $44.3 billion in TOA is recommended. This would increase
the capacity of general purpose forces to fight a high-intensity war
and to respond rapidly in the case of a European conflict.
Additional funds are requested to raise the levels of operating supplies and equipment and to improve equipment maintenance. The level
of funds requested would ensure increases in the immediate combat
readiness and capability of these forces.
Procurement of proposed new weapon systems would allow us to
equip U.S. forces with modern and effective weapons for the 1980's.
The Army plans to continue to develop the XM-1 main battle tank,
which incorporates major advances in tank technology and represents
a significant improvement over the tanks currently in use. Procurement of improved transport helicopters and a mechanized infantry
combat vehicle is expected to begin in 1978, along with continued
large-scale production of modern antitank and antiaircraft missiles.
The Air Force is scheduled to fully equip the current force structure
of 26 fighter-attack wings with modern aircraft by the early 1980;s.
The F-15, designed to be the world's most effective air superiority
fighter, will continue to enter the force structure in 1978. The budget
80
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
provides for initial production in 1978 of the F-16, a high-performance
fighter that can serve in either ground attack or air combat roles.
The F-16 fighter will also be produced for 4 NATO countries,
thereby providing cost advantages for all the participating nations
as well as a significant degree of standardization within NATO forces.
Other initiatives toward greater standardization of equipment with
NATO include recent agreements to adopt the Roland field army
defense missile and a significant number of components for the next
generation of main battle tanks. Other accomplishments include a
multinational standardization group within NATO and adoption of
jet fuel standards.
During 1976, the National Security Council reviewed U.S. maritime
strategy and naval force requirements for the 1980's and 1990's. This
review indicated that an active fleet of about 600 ships is required
to carry out the Navy's role of ensuring the wartime control of vital
sea lanes and protecting peacetime maritime commerce.
The proposed plan for achieving this force level calls for
construction of 157 ships in fiscal years 1978 through 1982 at a cost
of $48 billion. The mix of ships now proposed represents a change from
earlier plans. Specifically, fewer high-cost combat ships are proposed
in favor of a larger number of lower cost ships. The budget proposes no
funds to build additional large Nimitz-class aircraft carriers. This
represents a change in the decision reflected in the 1977 budget amendment submitted last spring. The Administration's budget projections
for defense include 2 aircraft carriers—one in 1979 and one later—that
will be conventionally powered, smaller, and less expensive than the
nuclear powered Nimitz-class carrier.
The Navy shipbuilding plan calls for introducing the Aegis air
defense system into the fleet aboard a new conventionally powered
destroyer rather than by conversion of the existing nuclear powered
cruiser, U.S.S. Long Beach. Construction of the first nuclear powered
strike cruiser, which would also carry the Aegis system, is proposed
for 1979.
In addition, the budget provides for procurement of a large number
of relatively small combat ships to provide an extensive escort capability for replenishment convoys and other missions. Procurement
of a variety of mine warfare and support ships is planned to replace
the older ships in the fleet.
Advance procurement funds are also proposed in the 1978 defense
budget for the new F-18 carrier-based fighter, a versatile aircraft that
would provide the fleet with better air combat and ground attack
capability in the 1980's.
Intelligence and communications.—Intelligence programs should
provide decisionmakers with timely information on international
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
81
events and analyses of foreign military capabilities and intentions.
The United States must know the policies and intentions of foreign
nations that pose a threat to international peace and stability. The
1978 intelligence program reflects the recommendations of the Committee on Foreign Intelligence, established under Executive Order
11905, signed February 18, 1976. This Committee, consisting of the
Director of Central Intelligence (as Chairman), the Deputy Secretary
of Defense for Intelligence, and the Deputy Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs, is responsible for review of the national
foreign intelligence program prior to submission to the President.
Airlift and sealift forces.—Effective strategic mobility is required to
enable U.S. forces to respond on short notice to threats against U.S.
interests throughout the world, to assist nations whose security is
important to the welfare of the United States, and to sustain American
forces abroad. Proposed increases for strategic transportation would
enable more U.S. forces to be deployed and supplied in the critical
early days of an intense conflict overseas. To achieve these objectives,
total obligational authority of $1. 7 billion is being requested for 1978.
Modifications are proposed for C-5 and C-141 transport aircraft.
These would improve their capacity and extend their service life.
Development of an advanced medium short takeoff and landing
tactical cargo aircraft is being continued, and the first procurement of
an advanced tanker/cargo aircraft is scheduled for 1978.
Guard and Reserve.—The Guard and Reserve provide our primary
source of immediate augmentation for the Active Forces. Emphasis
continues on assigning Reserve forces to high priority missions, while
simultaneously upgrading equipment and integrating Reserve units
more closely with their active force counterparts. Guard and Reserve
forces have been adjusted to allow more of these units to readily
augment active forces during the early phases of mobilization.
After a temporary decline in personnel strength, the Reserve forces
are expected to increase during 1978. The budget provides for an expanded recruiting program to aid in reaching planned strength. Proposed equipment modernization during this period includes introduction of the antitank guided missile system to the ground forces and the
replacement of outdated aircraft with A-7 attack aircraft and KC-135
tankers.
Research and development.—To maintain technological superiority
and to increase the capability of strategic and general purpose forces,
it is recommended that TOA for defense research and development
increase from $10.1 billion in 1977 to $11.1 billion in 1978.
82
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
In support of strategic forces, full-scale development of the M-X
intercontinental ballistic missile is scheduled to begin in 1978, permitting deployment of this missile by late 1984. Major development and
engineering will continue on cruise missiles, with procurement of airand sea-launched versions planned in 1979. Development work will also
continue on the B-l strategic bomber, the Trident submarine systems,
on antiballistic missile defenses, and on space defense systems.
The budget includes proposals for substantial increases in tactical
systems development in 1978. Army development of the Patriot
(SAM-D) air-defense system, the XM-1 tank, and an advanced
attack helicopter will continue. The Navy and Marine Corps plan to
obtain a new generation of fighter and attack aircraft through further
development of the F-18 air combat fighter. An improved Harrier
vertical or short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) aircraft for the Marine
Corps is planned, as are efforts in cooperation with NASA to develop
advanced V/STOL designs for fleet use in the late 1980's. Antisubmarine warfare capabilities would also be improved through
continued development of a new antisubmarine warfare helicopter,
sonars, new mines, and continued research on advanced sensors.
To maintain superiority in tactical air forces, the budget proposes
continued development of the F-16 air combat fighter and improvements to the airborne warning and control system (AWACS).
The Army, Navy, and Air Force all plan to continue development
and use of simulators to improve the quality of training and reduce
energy consumption. These include a tank training simulator for the
Army; improved simulation devices for carrier landing, sonar operations, and firefighting; and maintenance training for the Navy.
Training, medical, and other general personnel support activities.—
As shown in the accompanying table, compensation and other personnel-related costs represent 55% of the total defense program. Some
personnel related outlays are difficult to control without basic
changes in law or policy.
The third Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation constituted a comprehensive, 2-year review of military pay in 1975 and
1976. The President has decided a blue ribbon panel is required to
examine the studies and analyses of the third Quadrennial Review of
Military Compensation and to make recommendations on future
military compensation policy, including both pay and benefits, by
mid-1977.
The Department of Defense budget presently contains appropriations to finance the full annual costs of military retirees and their
survivors. The Administration is proposing to change the manner in
which the Department of Defense will budget for military retirement
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
83
PERSONNEL-RELATED OUTLAYS AS A SHARE OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
BUDGET i
[In billions of dollars]
1964
actual
Personnel outlays:
Military pay
Other military personnel outlays__
Civilianpay
Personnel support and family
housing
Military retired pay
1968
actual
1974
actual
1975
actual
1976
actual
1977
est.
1978
est.
10.6
2.4
7.6
15.3
4.6
10.6
21.0
2.7
14.2
21.6
3.4
15.4
21.9
3.2
16.5
22.6
3.6
17.5
23.9
3.5
18.6
2.2
1.2
3.2
2.1
3.9
5.1
4.4
6.2
4.8
7.3
5.1
8.2
5.3
9.1
Total personnel outlays
24.0
35.8
46.9
51.0
53.6
57.1
60.4
Total outlays
50.8
78.0
78.4
86.0
88.5
98.3 110.1
47.3
45.9
59.8
59.3
60.5
58.1
Personnel outlays as a percent of
total
1
54.9
Department of Defense military functions and military assistance.
liabilities. Under this proposal, the full costs of future defense retirement payments for currently active military personnel will be charged
to the Department of Defense. These estimates will reflect the anticipated pay and price increases, which influence the size of military
pensions. Outlays for currently retired military and civilian personnel
would not be shown in the defense budget. Because of the complexity
of the changes, it is proposed that the new system begin with the
1979 budget.
Retirement modernization act legislation is again proposed for
1978. This proposal would base annuities on the last year's average
salary rather than pay on the final day of service, provide benefits
for individuals separating from the military with fewer than 20
years of service and strengthen the incentives to serve a full 30-year
career.
Action is also being taken to control civilian pay costs. The budget
reflects initiation of a highly selective grade control program. Legislation to change aspects of the law that result in Government civilian
blue-collar workers earning more than their private industry counterparts is again proposed. Step rates and night-shift differentials would
be consistent with prevailing local private sector practices and the requirement for pay adjustments to reflect distant area wage rates would
be repealed. State and local governmental activities would be included
84
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
in future wage surveys. These reforms are based on the recommendations of the President's Panel on Federal Compensation. These reforms
are designed to bring the operations of the Federal wage system closer
to the local prevailing rate concept.
Federal employees on military leave to participate in military
reserve programs currently receive their full civilian pay in addition to
military pay. This practice is more generous and expensive than the
practice followed by most non-Government employers. Legislation is
proposed that would modify the civil service pay system to provide
civilian pay to reservists on active duty only to the extent necessary to
avoid a loss of take-home pay.
A comprehensive review of both active duty and reserve recruiting
is planned to ensure that realistic and cost-effective recruiting programs are established which will provide both the quality and quantity
of personnel needed by our Armed Forces.
In certain specialized skill areas, continued emphasis is being placed
on a single military service conducting necessary training for all of the
military services. Such single-service training would reduce overhead
a&d facilities costs.
High school education programs for military personnel are being
expanded to increase the abilities of the military work force and to
improve recruiting.
The budget again reflects the proposed Defense Officer Personnel
Management Act. This act would eliminate inequalities and unnecessary differences in officer management between services and between
men and women officers. It is designed to match better the military
work force with job requirements in terms of rank and length of
service.
Legislation is again recommended to adjust the compensation of
cadets and midshipmen and alter the pay for summer training of
ROTC students. This proposal would replace the present method
of pay with a compensation system which is more appropriate for
students.
Additional steps are also proposed to reduce the number of senior
officers in the militar}^ service and lower the cost of travel.
Military assistance.—Military assistance includes grants, credit
sales, and training oi foreign military personnel, which furnish other
countries the support necessary to strengthen their own defense.
These programs are discussed in the section on international affairs.
Also included as part of military assistance is the foreign military
sales trust fund, which reflects the impact on the budget of government-to-government military sales.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
85
SUMMARY OF ACTIVE MILITARY PERSONNEL AND FORCES
Description
Military personnel (in thousands):
End strength:
Army
Navy
Marine Corps
Air Force
Total, Department of Defense
Average strength:
Army
Navy
Marine Corps
Air Force
Total. Department of Defense
Strategic forces:
Intercontinental ballistic missiles:
Minuteman
Titan II
Polaris-Poseidon
Strategic bombers
General purpose forces:
Land forces:
Army divisions
Marine Corps divisions
Tactical air forces:
Air Force wings
Navy attack wings
Marine Corps wings
Naval forces:
Attack and multipurpose carriers
Nuclear attack submarines
Other warships
Amphibious assault ships
Airlift and sealift forces:
C-5A airlift squadrons
Other strategic airlift, squadrons
Troopships, cargo ships, and tankers
240-000 O - 77 - 7
June 30. Sept. 30. Sept. 30.
1976
1977
1978
actual
estimate estimate
779
525
192
585
789
536
192
571
790
536
192
572
2,081
2,088
2,090
774
529
194
601
779
531
190
579
782
538
192
573
2,098
2,079
2,085
1,000
54
656
422
1,000
54
656
421
1,000
54
656
421
16
3
16
3
16
3
26
13
3
26
13
3
26
12
3
13
63
177
62
13
67
171
63
13
72
172
63
4
13
48
4
13
48
4
13
48
86
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Atomic energy defense activities.—Proposed nuclear weapons research activities for 1978 are higher than 1977 levels because of greater
emphasis on advanced research. Underground nuclear testing and
weapons development activities are expected to remain at the 1977
levels. Additional funds are requested for safety, environmental, and
physical security improvements. Outlays for these defense activities
conducted by the Energy Research and Development Administration
are estimated to increase from $1.8 billion in 1977 to $2.2 billion in 1978
and $2.5 billion in 1979.
Defense-related activities.—Net outlays for these activities are
estimated to increase from $3 million in 1978 to $52 million in 1979.
The budget includes an update of the stockpile of critical and
strategic materials in order to provide for wartime defense and
civilian needs in the event of disruption of normal overseas supplies.
The planned reduction of the Selective Service System is expected
to be completed in 1978. Outlays are expected to decline from $11
million in 1977 to $6 million in both 1978 and 1979. However, the
agency will retain the capability to meet mobilization manpower
requirements. The System will focus on detailed backup planning and
on training of the Reserve officers responsible for expanding the
organization to conduct registration and inductions in the event of
mobilization.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
87
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
The United States carries out a variety of international programs
in support of efforts to advance international security, promote
economic development, improve the functioning of the international
economic system, and provide humanitarian relief.
Budget
Proposals
• Support ongoing efforts to achieve a permanent peace in
the Middle East and southern Africa.
• Contribute to a major capital replenishment for the
International Development Association.
• Increase other development assistance and concentrate
aid in the poorest countries.
• Begin a special development program for Sahelian Africa.
• Participate in an international consortium loan to help
meet Portugal's temporary balance-of-payment needs.
Outlays for the international affairs function are estimated to
increase from $7.1 billion in 1977 to $7.3 billion in 1978 and $7.6
billion in 1979.
FOREIGN AID
The U.S. foreign aid programs have two major components:
military assistance (included in the national defense function but
discussed here) and foreign economic and financial assistance. In
some instances these programs can be used interchangeably to permit
recipient countries to meet their security and development needs by
providing imports and technical assistance on favorable terms.
Military assistance.—Defense materiel and services are provided
by the United States to friendly developing countries for their internal
security and self-defense and to support their participation in regional
or collective security arrangements.
The budget request continues the shift from military assistance
grants to foreign military sales credits. The purpose of this shift is
to reduce the ultimate cost to the United States and to encourage
greater self-reliance on the part of recipients. Proposed budget authority for military assistance grants declines from the 1977 level of
$262 million to $230 million in 1978, and the proposed number of
recipient countries is also reduced.
For military credit sales, budget authority of $710 million is requested in 1978 to fund a program of $2.2 billion, a substantial portion
of which is for Israel. In 1978, $540 million of the total budget au-
88
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
thority is for direct credits, with the remainder to be used as a 10%
reserve to guarantee loans by the Federal Financing Bank.
Outlays for military assistance, excluding the military sales trust
fund, are estimated to decline from $715 million in 1977 to $577
million in 1978 and $494 million in 1979. Receipts of the military
sales trust fund are estimated to exceed advances by $465 million
in 1977 and to equal advances in both 1978 and 1979.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS *
[In millions of dollars]
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Program or agency
Foreign economic and financial assistance 2...
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
1979
estimate
6,250
3,568
5,059
5,221
5,389
Conduct of foreign affairs:
Administration of foreign affairs
International organizations and conferencesOther
Subtotal, conduct of foreign affairs
74
1
400
32
international
65
8
35
7
3
1
79
4
41
0
3
1
1,030
1,091
1,180
336
83
317
65
326
68
342
80
357
88
420
382
394
422
446
1,622
856
899
964
1,091
130
-20
-20
300
-20
130
-20
120
-20
1,732
836
1,179
1.074
1,191
(-58)
(1,120)
-512
(-58)
(1,016)
-527
(-58)
(1.133)
-579
financial
Off-budget Federal entity: Exchange stabilization
fund...(
)
Subtotal, including off-budget
(1,732)
Other deductions for off setting receipts
-527
Total, international affairs
Total, including off-budget Federal entity.
(-74)
(762)
-446
9,021
5,067
7,150
7,281
7,627
(9,021) (4,992) (7,091) (7.223) (7,569)
1
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977.
are2 shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
Detail shown in foreign aid table on the following
3
By law, the Export-Import Bank was excluded
until October 1, 1976. Under terms of Public Law
are now included retroactively in the budget totals.
64
1
36
8
30
726
Subtotal, foreign information and exchange activities
Subtotal,
programs
41
1
21
9
24
1,146
Foreign information and exchange activities:
Foreign information activities
Educational exchange activities
International financial programs:
Export-Import Bank 3
Balance of payments loan for Portugal
(proposed legislation)
Offsetting receipts
Outlays
and 1979, and data for the transition quarter
page.
from the budget totals from Aug. 17, 1971,
93-646, the Export-Import Bank transactions
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
89
FOREIGN AID
[In millions of dollars]
Budget authority
1978
262
25
698
-311
230
36
710
-310
674
666
1,735
23
1,459
25
1,285
244
1,985
226
Outlays
1977
1978
1979
415
25
575
-300
300
31
560
-314
260
31
520
-317
715
577
494
601
35
65
1,457
36
11
1,431
38
1,542
43
902
143
868
217
1,059
223
1,089
239
2
1977
12
32
1976
NATIONAL DEFENSE FUNCTION
Military assistance: 1
Grant military assistance _ _ _ _ _
Foreign military training _
Foreign military credit sales
Offsetting receipts and other. _
Subtotal, military assistance !__
367
280
454
1,101
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
FUNCTION
Foreign economic and financial
assistance:
Security supporting assistance, _ _
Middle east special requirements fundIndochina assistance
Multilateral development assistance:
International financial institutions.
International organizations
International Fund for Agricultural Development _
Subtotal, multilateral
Bilateral development assistance:
Agency for International Development
__
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
Inter-American Foundation
Sahel development program (proposed legislation)
Subtotal, bilateral
1,529
2,211
1,045
1,086
1,294
1,360
1,116
1,280
1,001
1,187
1,206
1,244
150
-48
7
-35
8
-8
8
-45
7
5
19
50
1,116
1,480
960
1,161
1,211
1,225
Other foreign economic and financial
assistance:
Food for Peace
Migration and refugee assistance. _
Peace Corps
Other assistance
1,169
40
81
68
923
40
68
44
693
42
69
58
1,091
51
87
80
1,094
39
71
42
1,051
40
66
61
Subtotal, foreign economic and
financial assistance
5,761
6,250
3,568
5,059
5,221
5.389
-497
-533
-353
-533
-573
5,938
6,382
4,316
5,264
5,309
Other
deductions
receipts 2
for
Total, foreign aid
1
2
Excludes trust funds.
Loan repayments.
offsetting
-497
5,278
90
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL TEAR 1978
Foreign economic and financial assistance.—The general
objectives of the foreign economic and financial assistance programs
are to provide economic support for security objectives, help meet
the development and humanitarian needs of the poorer countries,
encourage the expansion of a market-oriented international economic
system, and reinforce our bilateral foreign relations. Outlays for such
assistance are estimated to increase from $5.1 billion in 1977 to $5.2
billion in 1978 and $5.4 billion in 1979.
Security supporting assistance.—The United States provides economic aid to selected countries of particular political or security
importance to the United States in order to help them meet their
budget and balance of payments financing needs. Outlays, estimated
at roughly $1% billion a year from 1977 to 1979, are primarily for
aid to the Middle East and southern Africa.
Multilateral development assistance.—This assistance includes capital
subscriptions to international financial institutions such as the World
Bank and regional development banks. It also includes voluntary
contributions to the United Nations and other international development and relief programs. Outlays are estimated to rise from $1.1
billion in 1977 to $1.3 billion in 1978 and $1.4 billion in 1979.
The United States channels a substantial portion of its development
assistance through the international development banks in support of
a cooperative international system to promote development. These
development banks offer a means for all of the developed countries
to share equitably in the costs of development assistance, and they
constitute centers of considerable technical expertise. Budget authority
of $2.0 billion for 1978 and $1.7 billion for 1979 is proposed for U.S.
subscriptions to capital replenishments of the major international
financial institutions. These replenishments are generally needed to
finance previously concluded international negotiations. However,
$800 million in budget authority is requested in 1978 for the first of
three annual payments to the capital replenishment of the International Development Association, the World Bank's facility for
lending to the poorest countries. Negotiations have not yet been
completed for this replenishment.
Budget authority of $226 million in 1978 is proposed for voluntary
contributions to international organizations, including the United
Nations Development program—the primary multilateral source of
technical assistance to the poorer countries:—and the Organization
of American States. Increased technical assistance to the International
Atomic Energy Agency's safeguards program is requested in 1978
and 1979, in support of the President's recent nuclear policy statement
to further improve international controls against proliferation. Outlays
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
91
for international organizations are estimated to increase from $217
million in 1977 to $223 million in 1978 and $239 million in 1979.
In 1976, $200 million in budget authority was appropriated to
facilitate the United States contribution to the International Fund jvr
Agricultural Development, a new $1.0 billion fund. The U.S. contribution, together with contributions from other industrialized countries and major oil-exporting nations, will finance projects to increase
agricultural production in developing countries. U.S. outlays are
estimated to be $12 million in 1978 and $32 million in 1979.
Bilateral development assistance.—The Agency for International
Development (AID) is the principal administrator of U.S. bilateral
development assistance. AID programs are intended to improve living
standards of the poorest people in the developing countries by combining technical advice and capital project financing to help overcome
specific development problems. Outlays for AID programs are estimated to be $1.2 billion a year from 1977 to 1979. These outlays will
support programs in agricultural development, education, family
planning, and the adaption of industrial technology to the needs of
developing countries.
The Sahel development program is a multiyear, international effort to
improve the long-term economic prospects of six drought-prone
African countries. Budget authority is requested for initial U.S. contributions of $50 million in 1978 and $100 million in 1979 to meet
currently estimated requirements.
Other foreign economic and financial assistance.—Food for Peace
(Public Law 480) provides developing nations with low-cost loans and
grants to finance food imports from the United States. The primary
means for helping the developing countries meet their food problems
is through AID and multilateral programs. Food aid, however, is
an important complement by which the United States provides
immediate increases in food consumption. Efforts are underway
to increase its longer term developmental effectiveness. Because of
lower food prices, 1977 outlays are lower than original estimates
but will continue to finance shipments of about 6 million tons of food.
This level of shipments is proposed to be continued in 1978 and 1979
with outlays of $1.1 billion.
Migration and refugee assistance is provided directly by the United
States and through the United Nations and other international organizations. A 1977 supplemental budget request of $8 million in budget
authority is proposed for aiding Soviet refugees resettling in countries
other than Israel.
92
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Outlays for the Peace Corps are estimated to decrease from $87
million in 1977 to $71 million in 1978 and $66 million in 1979 reflecting
fewer requests from other countries that can be filled because of the
increasing difficulty of recruiting volunteers with the requested skills.
OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Conduct of foreign affairs.—Outlays for carrying out diplomatic
and consular activities are estimated to increase from $614 million
in 1977 to $685 million in 1978 and $749 million in 1979, primarily
because of the construction of a new embassy complex in Moscow,,
increased operating costs abroad, and workload increases.
Assessments for membership in international organizations continue
to increase in 1978 and 1979. Outlays in 1978 are, however, $11 million
below 1977, because the 1977 estimates include a payment of 2 years'
arrearages to be paid to the United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization.
Foreign information and exchange activities.—Outlays are
estimated to increase from $394 million in 1977 to $422 million in 1978
and $446 million in 1979, primarily because of higher operating
expenses abroad for the U.S. Information Agency, Radio Free Europe/
Radio Liberty (which is financed by grants from the Board for International Broadcasting), and State Department education and exchange activities.
International
financial programs.—The Export-Import Bank
provides direct loans, refinancing of export credits, and loan guarantees and insurance in order to facilitate the export of U.S. goods and
services. The Bank is making a concerted effort to limit its lending
solely to situations where private financing is not available or where
necessary to offset competitive credit programs of foreign governments.
By law, the Export-Import Bank's transactions were excluded from
the budget totals from August 17, 1971, until October 1, 1976. Under
terms of Public Law 93-646, the Bank's transactions are now included
retroactively in the budget totals.
Direct loan authorizations are estimated to increase from $2.5 billion
in 1977 to $3.7 billion in 1978. Discount loans are estimated to decline
from $700 million in 1977 to $500 million in 1978. Guarantees and
insurance are estimated to increase by $1.0 billion to $7.5 billion in
1978. Outlays for the Bank's activities are estimated to rise from $0.9
billion in 1977 to $1.0 billion in 1978 and $1.1 billion in 1979.
Balance of payments loan for Portugal.—The budget proposes a
total of $550 million as the U.S. share of a special medium-term
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
93
international consortium loan to enable Portugal to overcome temporary balance of p a y m e n t s financing problems. T h e loan would be at
market-related interest rates and would be provided in three installments requiring budget authority and outlays of $300 million in 1977,
$130 million in 1978, and $120 million in 1979.
Tax expenditures.—The
international affairs function contains a
number of tax expenditures aimed a t promoting U.S. trade and investment. T h e largest—the deferral of taxes on profits of domestic
international sales corporations (DISCs)—is expected to reduce
Federal receipts b y $1.2 billion in 1978. The Tax Reform Act of
1976 reduced tax expenditures under the D I S C provisions by appioximately one-third, primarily b y limiting their applicability to t h e
increments in export sales.
MAJOR CREDIT PROGRAMS—NATIONAL DEFENSE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
[In millions of dollars]
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
Foreign military credit sales:
Direct loan disbursements !
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
80
99
982
2,345
12
46
948
90
139
899
70
141
828
2,787
4,091
5,654
Other international security assistance: -
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
International development assistance:
404
108
1,628
47
56
156
108
154
105
1,620
1,668
1,717
117
52
449
253
378
111
11,245
11,441
11,547
153
160
180
318
21
111
93
768
109
3
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
555
207
11,181
157
Food for Peace:
Direct loan disbursements 1
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
615
120
4,449
4,746
5,425
6,085
528
266
2,256
1,234
12,115
5,666
2,521
1,424
13,212
6,516
Export-Import Bank:
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments 4
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
1
2
3
4
2,206
1,261
10,830
5,273
11,093
4,927
New loans; does not include writeoffs of loans, forgiveness credits or other adjustments.
Includes credit programs in b
both national defense and international affairs functions.
Excludes local currency loans
loans.
Includes sale of loan assets
94
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
GENERAL SCIENCE, SPACE AND TECHNOLOGY
The general science, space, and technology function includes the
space research and technology programs of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA), the physical science programs of
the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), and
all of the activities of the National Science Foundation. Outlays for
this function are estimated at $4.7 billion in 1978, an increase of $291
million over 1977. Outlays for 1979 are estimated to be $5.2 billion.
Budget Proposals
• Continue development of the space shuttle and
establish a fleet of five shuttle orbiters to begin operations
in 1980.
• Begin development of an advanced Earth-orbiting space
telescope to conduct astronomy investigations of distant
parts of the universe.
• Begin development of a Jupiter orbiter/probe mission to
obtain increased scientific knowledge of the largest
planet.
• Initiate development of an advanced Earth resources
satellite, Landsat-D, to assess further the value of data
obtained from such satellites.
• Increase fundamental research in Earth sciences and
applied research in earthquake engineering as part of an
accelerated multiagency effort on earthquake prediction.
• Provide 3% real growth in the Federal Government's
overall support for basic research through the National
Science Foundation and other agencies.
The programs described in this function are only a part of the
Federal Government's support for research and development. Most of
the Federal Government's support for research and development
appears in other functions, such as energy, health, and defense. Special
Analysis P, "Federal Research and Development," in the special
analyses volume of the 1978 budget, discusses the full range of these
Federal programs. In addition, a tax provision that permits private
industry to treat research and development projects as current costs,
rather than as capital investments to be depreciated over a period of
years, will result in an estimated $1.5 billion in tax expenditures that
support research and development in 1978. Also, the Federal Govern-
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
95
ment provides allowances to contractors for performing independent
research and development associated with procurement contracts.
GENERAL SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY l
[In millions of dollars]
Program or agency
Space research and technology:
Space
flight
Space science, applications, and technology Supporting space activities
1976
actual
Outlays
1977
1978
1979
estimate estimate estimate
General science and basic research:
National Science Foundation
Energy Research and Development Administration
Smithsonian Institution
Subtotal, general science and basic
research...
Deductions for offsetting receipts
2,182
1,024
391
2,000
980
358
2,044
960
354
2,156
974
381
2,230
1,205
441
3,597
Subtotal, space
Total
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
3,338
3,358
3,511
3,876
889
733
737
825
886
429
2
299
2
339
2
388
2
439
2
1,320
1,035
1,077
1,216
1,328
—2
—3
—2
—2
—2
4,915
4,370
4,434
4,725
5,202
1
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977, and 1979 and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
Outlays for space research and technology in 1978 are estimated at
$3.5 billion, $153 million greater than in 1977. The increase in 1978 is
for the continued development of the reusable space shuttle and
activities in space science and applications. The increase also reflects a
decision in the 1978 budget to initiate funding for three additional
shuttle orbiters to provide a national fleet of five orbiters for civilian
and military uses. Outlays for 1979 are estimated at $3.9 billion,
primarily to continue 1978 programs and activities.
Space flight.1—Space flight activities include transportation and
associated support required to conduct space missions. This involves
1
This subfunction was formerly known as "manned space flight," and now includes some outlays previously included in "space science, applications, and technology."
96
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
primarily the space shuttle, related components (for example, Spacelab
and the upper propulsive stages needed to place satellites in high Earth
orbits or on planetary trajectories), and expendable rocket boosters.
Except for some small expendable rockets, the shuttle will replace
virtually all expendable boosters beginning in 1980. Outlays for space
flight are estimated to be about $2.2 billion per year in 1978 and 1979.
The shuttle should provide greater flexibility in the conduct of space
missions at lower costs than is possible with present expendable launch
vehicles. For example, satellites and laboratories can be placed in
Earth orbit and recovered for service and repair. During 1977 and
1978, development is scheduled to continue on two prototype shuttle
orbiters, and major tests are to be conducted, including approach and
landing tests with a shuttle orbiter and ground tests of the shuttle main
propulsion system. The first manned orbital flight of the shuttle is
scheduled for 1979, and initial operations at the Kennedy Space
Center, Florida are scheduled for 1980. A second launch facility at
Vandenberg Air Force Base in California is scheduled to become
operational in late 1982. Funds are provided in the 1978 budget for
NASA to initiate procurement of three operational orbiters which,
together with two refurbished prototypes, will comprise a national
fleet of five orbiters to be used for civilian and military missions.
The 1978 budget also requests funds to continue U.S. participation
in a cooperative program with the European Space Agency (ESA) to
build the space laboratory to be carried into Earth orbit by the shuttle.
The space laboratory should make possible new experiments in space
astronomy, Earth observations, space life sciences, and space technology. Such experiments are important to the advancement of basic
science and also to such applications as communications, weather
forecasting, and Earth resources surveys.
Space science, applications, and technology.—The 1978 budget
requests funds to continue the exploration of the solar system and the
universe, the application of space technology to practical uses on
Earth, and the development of technology for future space projects.
Outlays for this subfunction are estimated to be $960 million in 1977,
$974 million in 1978, and $1.2 billion in 1979. The estimated increase
in 1979 reflects the buildup of new projects, such as the space telescope,
proposed for 1978.
The space science programs emphasize the exploration of the solar
system and the universe with the objective of advancing fundamental
knowledge through basic research. Two Pioneer spacecraft are continuing the exploration of the outer planets; one spacecraft is now
escaping the solar system and the other will fly by Saturn in 1979.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
97
Two Viking unmanned orbiter/lander spacecraft launched to Mars in
1975 are now mapping the planet from orbit and searching for life on
the planet's surface. Funds are included in the 1978 budget request to
study alternatives for a possible Mars follow-on mission to the current
Viking mission; such a mission may be considered for inclusion in
future budgets for the planetary exploration program. Two Mariner
spacecraft are being developed for the Jupiter-Saturn fly by missions
scheduled for launch in 1977. An orbiter/probe spacecraft is being
developed for launch to Venus in 1978 to initiate atmospheric investigations of that planet. A new mission, the Jupiter orbiter/probe, to
be launched in 1981, is included in the 1978 budget.
In addition to these planetary missions, development is planned to
continue in 1978 and 1979 on satellites to conduct high energy and
ultraviolet astronomy from Earth orbit. The major emphasis is on the
high energy astronomy observatories to be launched during 1977-79
to study X-ray, gamma-ray, and cosmic-ray sources in the galaxy
and distant parts of the universe. Work is proceeding on a satellite to
study the Sun during the next period of peak solar flare activity in
1979-80. In addition, development is proposed to be started in 1978
on an Earth-orbiting space telescope to be launched in 1983 to study
distant parts of the universe.
In the space applications program, NASA is completing development of a third, experimental Earth resources satellite (Landsat-C),
scheduled to be launched in late 1977 or early 1978. A more advanced
Earth resources satellite (Landsat-D) is proposed in the 1978 budget.
Scheduled to be launched in 1981, this satellite would allow further
assessment of the value of data from space for use in agricultural
forecasting, geological surveys, and other applications. Development
is proceeding on Tiros-N to provide improvements in weather forecasting. Work is continuing on the heat capacity mapping mission
to aid in oil and mineral exploration and to locate and map possible
sources of geothermal energy; on Nimbus-G to demonstrate the
capability of monitoring worldwide pollution from space; and on
Seasat-A to monitor ocean conditions, such as wave height, ocean
currents, and weather conditions at sea. These are all scheduled for
launch in 1978.
A new project, the search and rescue system demonstration, is
proposed for 1978 as a cooperative program with the Canadian Government to examine the feasibility of a satellite-based monitoring system
to detect and locate distress signals from emergency beacons carried
on private and commercial aircraft and on certain marine vessels.
Supporting space activities.—Funds are included under this heading to provide tracking and data support to existing and future flight
98
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
programs and to encourage broader utilization of space technology for
commercial purposes. Outlays for supporting space activities are
estimated to rise from $354 million in 1977 to $381 million in 1978
and $441 million in 1979.
BASIC SCIENCE
General science and basic research.—The 1978 budget provides
for continued real growth in Federal obligations to assure balanced
support of basic research in all scientific disciplines. Basic research
is aimed at the acquisition or expansion of fundamental knowledge
as contrasted with applied research, which seeks solutions to specific
problems. The Federal Government has a primary responsibility for
support of basic research because the high risk and uncertain payoffs
from such research lead to underinvestment by the private sector.
The key agencies having programs in this subfunction are the National
Science Foundation and the Energy Research and Development
Administration. Total outlays for the programs in this subfunction
are estimated to increase from $1.1 billion in 1977 to $1.2 billion in
1978, and to $1.3 billion in 1979.
In addition to the proposed increases for programs in this category,
the basic research programs of agencies included in other budget functions are also proposed to be increased in 1978. Basic research in the
Department of Defense (which appears in the national defense function) and in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
(primarily in the health function) is proposed to be increased substantially; and a 5-year competitive grants program in basic research
is proposed in the Department of Agriculture (which appears in the
agriculture function).
National Science Foundation.—Proposed budget authority for the
National Science Foundation (NSF) increases by $110 million to a total
of $889 million in 1978 and $937 million in 1979. In 1978, an increase of
12 percent in obligations is proposed for the support of basic research;
this reflects a policy of continuing to provide substantial real growth
in overall Federal funding for such research, after cost increases are
taken into account. This proposed increase in NSF's obligational
authority applies to all fields of basic research, with emphasis on
replacing and upgrading scientific research equipment.
NSF will join with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to begin a
comprehensive, long-term research effort to develop a reliable earthquake prediction capability. As part of this effort, basic Earth sciences
research in both agencies is proposed to be increased, and the NSF
research applied to national needs (RANN) program proposes to
more than double its support for research in earthquake engineering
and for studies of the social, legal, and economic aspects of earthquake
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
99
prediction. The USGS programs are discussed in the natural resources,
environment, and energy function.
Energy Research and Development Administration.—An increase in
space nuclear applications research is proposed to develop new
nuclear power sources for planned NASA spacecraft and Department
of Defense systems. In the nuclear physics program, the Bevalac
facility at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory is to be upgraded to
allow advanced scientific investigation of heavy elements.
Increased funding for high-energy physics research is proposed to
allow greater utilization of accelerators to pursue recent advances in
theoretical understanding of fundamental physical phenomena. Construction of the positron-electron project (PEP) at the Stanford Linear
Accelerator Center, initiated in 1977, is to continue with initial operations scheduled for 1980. Outlays for ERDA in this subfunction are
estimated to increase by about $50 million a year, from $339 million
in 1977 to $439 million in 1979.
100
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
NATURAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND ENERGY
Natural resources, environment, and energy programs are concerned
with both present and future needs. They promote the management
of the Nation's natural resources, recognizing the need for development, conservation, and environmental protection. Budget outlays
for this function are estimated to increase from $17.0 billion in 1977
to $19.7 billion in 1978 and $20.6 billion in 1979. Total outlays,
including off-budget Federal entities, are estimated to increase from
$17.5 billion in 1977 to $20.4 billion in 1978 and $22.1 billion in 1979.
Budget Proposals
Energy
• Establish a Department of Energy by consolidating the
functions of the Energy Research and Development
Administration (ERDA), Federal Energy Administration (FEA), Energy Resources Council (ERC), Federal
Power Commission (FPC), the Bureau of Mines (BOM)
and Power Administrations from the Department of the
Interior, and the Rural Electrification Administration
(REA).
• Establish an Energy Independence Authority to provide
financial assistance for the commercialization of emerging
technologies and to expedite regulatory permits on
assisted energy projects.
• Provide $1.7 billion in budget authority in 1978 and $1.0
billion in 1979 to implement the petroleum storage program. A 500-million-barrel reserve is planned for completion in 1982.
• Remove price controls on new natural gas and phase out
price controls on domestic crude oil.
• Provide a tax credit for homeowners who insulate their
homes and a $55 million program for insulation of housing
for low-income individuals.
• Increase proposed 1978 energy research and development
outlays 26% over 1977 to make more effective use of our
domestic energy resources.
• Provide funds to implement the Administration's recently
announced decisions aimed at preventing the proliferation
of plutonium and technologies for plutonium separation,
while preserving the energy benefits of nuclear power for
the entire world.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
101
Environment
• Recommend reform of the Environmental Protection
Agency's waste treatment construction grant program
and, upon enactment of reforms, a 10-year funding commitment of $45 billion. A $400 million 1977 supplemental
is proposed to keep States from running out of funds
pending enactment of reforms.
• Increase the flexibility of State governments in distributing Federal funds to State or local pollution control
agencies by consolidating five Environmental Protection
Agency categorical grant programs.
• Fund the Toxic Substances Control Act at $23 million
in 1978 and provide a substantial increase in personnel
(including 100 new positions in 1977) to ensure timely and
effective implementation.
• Mount a strong combined Federal-State attack on pesticide misuse by increasing resources for State pesticide
programs, with special emphasis on reducing illegal
marketing, distribution and use of pesticides.
Natural Resources
• Propose legislation to require navigators of Federal
waterways, canals, locks, and channels to pay user fees
J
m help defray the cost of waterways.
• Abolish the Water Resources Council, Replacing it with a
Cabinet-level committee, and transferring certain of its
functions to the Department of the Interior.
• Study the feasibility of managing the national forest
system on a businesslike self-financed basis.
• Provide full funding of the Land and Water Conservation
Fund at $600 million in 1978, a 100% increase over
previous levels, and at $750 million in 1979.
• Double the budget authority available for historic preservation grants to $35 million in 1978.
• Initiate a major program for earthquake hazards reduction.
• Initiate the President's $1.5 billion Bicentennial land
heritage program in 1977 to preserve and expand the
national parks and national wildlife refuges.
240-000 O - 77 - 8
102
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
NATURAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND ENERGY *
(In millions of dollars]
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Program or agency
Outlays
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
1979
estimate estimate
Energy:
Energy Independence Authority (proposed
legislation)2
Storage, conservation, and resource development
_
Proposed legislation
_
Regulation
Research and development
Proposed legislation
__
42
42
7,392
15
7
16 0
,9
1,256
-39
22
2
2,677
2,558
-120
29
2
3,383
3
2,456
-243
27
4
4,370
8
2,385
2,984
—159
236
3,994
295
Subtotal, energy
55
4,115
6,094
6,892
50
2
Off-budget Federal entities:
Energy Independence Authority*
__..
Rural electrification and telephone revolving
fund....
(83,000) (
(
_)(
)
(650)
Pollution control and abatement:
Sewage plant construction grants
Proposed legislation...._
Other
)
(213)
(90,392)
Subtotal including off-budget
(2,598)
(4,571)
(6,744)
(8,342)
4,100
1,250
693
__ _
(456) (
)(
(U450)
)
2,429
4,430
4.500
715
638
766
4,970
190
753
5,215
3,067
5,196
5,913
6,043
2,857
3,850
_.
3,691
8
-140
73
4
99
3
3,687
8
1,200
3,711
8
1,024
Subtotal, water resources and power
3,558
3,600
4,790
4,895
4,743
Subtotal, pollution control and abatement
_.
Water resources and power:
Water resources development
Proposed legislation
Power
_
Conservation and land management:
Forest Service
Bureau of Land Management
Agriculture conservation programs.
Proposed legislation
Other, including offsetting receipts.
Subtotal, conservation and land management
-452
993
315
441
22
-402
1,056
348
286
45
-383
1,464
1,370
1,352
1,110
324
258
90
-394
916
231
432
1,138
296
481
-333
1,388
1,245
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
103
NATURAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND ENERGY ^Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Program or agency
Recreational resources:
Bicentennial land heritage (proposed)
Land and water conservation fund. _
Operation of recreational resources
Proposed legislation
Outlays
1976
actual
1977
1978
estimate estimate
1979
estimate
20
630
736
10
276
619
145
422
670
189
443
739
10
134
609
759
10
1,396
895
1,237
1,381
1,512
1,146
-997
897
-807
1,048
-800
1,092
-997
1,122
-1,045
Total
_ 19,098 11,282 17,050 19,747
Total, including off-budget Federal
entities
. (102,098) (11.494) (17,506) (20,397)
20,619
Subtotal, recreational resources
Other natural resources...
Other deductions for off setting receipts
___
(22,069)
* Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977 and 1979. and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
2
Under proposed legislation, net gains or losses of the Energy Independence Authority will be
included within the budget. All other transactions of this corporation appear off-budget in Part IV
of the budget appendix.
Energy.—Budget outlays for programs to carry forward overall
national energy policies are estimated to increase from $4.1 billion
in 1977 to $6.1 billion in 1978 and $6.9 billion in 1979. Total outlays,
including off-budget Federal entities, are estimated to rise from $4.6
billion in 1977 to $6.7 billion in 1978 and $8.3 billion in 1979.
The oil embargo of 1973 and the sharp price increases established
by OPEC highlighted the fact that the United States no longer had
abundant, cheap, domestic energy supplies. The United States currently depends on imports for over 40% of the petroleum consumed at
a cost of about $34 billion per year.
Major longer run actions taken to date include policies and programs
to:
• increase the use of coal, nuclear power, and renewable power
resources;
• accelerate development of federally owned domestic coal, oil and
gas resources;
• reduce the rate of growth of energy consumption;
• develop breeder reactor, solar, fusion and other energy technologies that could meet our energy needs at the end of this
century and beyond; and
• establish FEA, ERDA, and the ERC to provide basic capability within the Federal Government to plan and execute
national energy policies and programs.
104
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
These represent the start of solutions to a number of fundamental
problems that must be dealt with in an effective way over the longer
term to secure needed energy supplies at an affordable price.
Energy organization,—The current Federal organizations for developing and carrying out energy policy have been created by a
series of independent actions, taken primarily during a period of
crisis. Improved coordination of energy programs calls for changes in
the present structure. A Presidential report prepared for Congress that
is required in the Energy Conservation and Production Act has recommended improvements in the organization and coordination of these
programs. It is proposed that the functions of the Federal Energy Administration, the Energy Resources Council, the Energy Research
and Development Administration, the Bureau of Mines and Power
Administrations (Department of the Interior), the Rural Electrification
Administration (Department of Agriculture), and the Federal Power
Commission be joined within a single cabinet level Department of
Energy.
Energy Independence Authority.—Accelerated development of
domestic energy resources and greater conservation efforts are needed
to ensure that energy supplies will be available over the long term.
To encourage this, the establishment of an Energy Independence
Authority (EIA) is again proposed to provide loans, loan guarantees,
and other assistance to energy projects of major importance where
private investments would not otherwise be available. The Authority
would supplement and encourage private capital investment across a
variety of energy supply, conservation, and energy-related environmental projects. The EIA would help shorten the time required for
energy projects to obtain clearances and permits from Federal regulatory agencies. Financial resources of EIA are proposed to be $100
billion; of that amount up to $10 billion is anticipated to be used in
1978. Only its operating gains or losses would be reflected in the
budget.
Storage.—The budget provides for the development of a strategic
petroleum reserve to minimize the impact of disruption in world
petroleum supplies. The reserve would consist of 500 million barrels
of crude oil, equal to 3 months' imports, to be stored by December
1982. During the initial phase of the program—through December
1978—storage of 150 million barrels of crude oil is planned. The 1978
budget proposes $1.3 billion in budget authority to purchase oil needed
to complete the initial 150 million-barrel phase of the program, and
$390 million in budget authority to expand the storage facilities for
the remaining 350 million barrels. The 1979 estimate includes $973
million in budget authority, primarily to purchase additional oil for
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
105
the reserve. The total cost for the program through December 1982
is estimated to be $7.2 billion. FEA is conducting further studies
on alternative ways to finance the program.
Conservation.—In addition to the reliance on the price mechanism
to achieve greater conservation, other measures are proposed. The
budget includes $55 million of budget authority in both 1977 and in
1978 for a congressionalJy approved program to provide housing
insulation for low-income persons and $50 million in 1978 to continue
the State conservation program. The budget also provides funding
needed to complete 25 utility rate demonstrations, some of which
started in 1975, that should develop experience to facilitate adoption
of utility rate reforms by State and local regulatory agencies and
utility companies. In order to conserve fuel, an income tax credit is
again proposed to encourage homeowners to insulate their homes.
This provision would result in a tax expenditure of $195 million in
1978.
Resource development.—The budget includes $1.2 billion in outlays
in 1978 for production of enriched uranium fuel for both domestic and
foreign nuclear reactors. The outlays would provide for continuing the
upgrading of ERDA's three existing plants and for continuing the
addition to ERDA's Portsmouth, Ohio, enrichment plant that will
expand U.S. enrichment production by 33%. The total estimated
cost for this plant is $4.4 billion; in 1978 outlays are estimated at $220
million. A possibility exists that additional authority might be needed
to provide for the electricity required by these plants. It is recommended that future increments of uranium enrichment capacity be
financed, built, and operated by private industry and that new
authorization to enable private enterprises to enter the enrichment
business be considered by the Congress. The budget assumes that this
authorization would have little or no direct budgetary impact in 1978
and 1979.
Resource assessment of the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska,
by the Department of the Interior is proposed to be funded at $196
million in budget authority in 1978 and $215 million in 1979 consistent
with the Navy plan. Legislation is recommended to authorize immediate competitive, private exploration and development of the area on
the same general basis as that applicable to other public lands.
Tax expenditures also encourage the development and production
of energy and mineral resources. Exploration and development expenses (mostly for oil and gas) may be treated as current costs rather
than as capital investments, which may be amortized only over a
number of years. This provision is expected to provide a $0.8 billion
106
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
incentive to develop energy resources in 1978. Another tax provision
allows the use of percentage depletion rather than actual cost depletion.
Although sharply curtailed for oil and gas in 1975 legislation, it is
still expected to offer a $1.4 billion tax incentive for mineral production in 1978, with most of that amount for fossil fuel production.
Regulation.—These programs provide controls over the use of
nuclear materials, controls over the construction and operation of
nuclear reactors and related facilities, the regulation of interstate
natural gas and electric power, and the allocation and pricing of
petroleum.
The budget provides for a $13 million increase in 1978 for the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission's programs for nuclear materials
safeguards, reactor inspections and reactor safety research.
The Federal Power Commission plans to provide for an increasing
workload of applications and natural gas curtailments by reprograming
resources used for general analysis and administrative support. Reorganization and use of a new computer system should add considerably to the Commission's efficiency.
For the Federal Energy Administration, significant regulatory
program reductions are planned with the phaseout of audits for
retailers and wholesaleis (excluding propane) as most price and allocation controls are removed from petroleum products.
Research and development.—Outlays for energy research and development are estimated to rise from $2.7 billion in 1977 to $3.4
billion in 1978 and $4.4 billion in 1979. These programs are designed
to supplement and accelerate private spending for energy research
and development.
Outlays for nonnuclear energy research and development are proposed
to rise from $1.2 billion in 1977 to $1.4 billion in 1978 and $1.7
billion in 1979. Major increases are provided for demonstration of
advanced and current technologies to produce synthetic fuel from coal,
to develop technologies for coal combustion, for research on improving
gas turbines, for development of technologies to increase oil and gas
production, and to extract oil and gas from oil shale. In the case of
commercial scale demonstrations of current technologies for the
production of synthetic fuels, it is proposed that the Congress specifically authorize individual projects. Outlays are proposed to increase
significantly for solar and geothermal research and development to a
total of about $300 million in 1978, a 30% increase over 1977; outlays
in 1979 are estimated to be about $370 million. These increases would
allow for a greater emphasis on solar research that could make the
use of solar energy effective and inexpensive. A revision of the tax
code is proposed to allow certain expenditures for the discovery of
geothermal energy to be treated as current expenses like other private
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
107
research and development outlays. Outlays for conservation research
and development are proposed to increase about 16% over 1977 to
$140 million in 1978 to assist the private sector in developing building
standards, community systems, energy saving technologies common
to many industries, advanced automotive engines, and technologies
for energy storage. These increases would further assist growing
private sector efforts to develop, market, and use conservation
methods and technologies.
Outlays for nuclear research and development are estimated to rise
from $1.5 billion in 1977 to $2.0 billion in 1978 and $2.6 billion in
1979. Major new initiatives are proposed to meet nuclear policy and
nonproliferation objectives, including accelerated centrifuge enrichment development, increased safeguards to prevent the theft of nuclear
materials, investigation of the feasibility of new alternatives for extracting energy from spent nuclear fuel, design of reprocessing facilities, and a significantly accelerated program to assure the safe longterm disposal of nuclear wastes. In addition, to prevent the spread of
separated plutonium, any funds needed for the repurchase of spent
nuclear fuel from foreign sources are covered by the contingency
allowance. It is recommended the legislation be enacted to permit
ERDA to contract for storage services for these repurchases. Increases
are proposed for the construction of an experimental fusion test
reactor and demonstration powerplant using liquid metal fast breeder
Outlays for Energy
SBHIion.
Off-Budget Federal Entftie,'
4.6
2.6
Fl«alY«m
Him
108
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
reactor technology. Development would continue on other advanced
reactor concepts, including the high temperature gas cooled reactor,
the gas cooled fast reactor and the light water breeder reactor.
The budget also proposes $360 million in outlays in 1978, an increase of 15% over 1977, for supporting energy research and development Nearly $200 million is included for environmental and health
research and development. The environmental program provides
oversight and coordination of ERDA's technology programs to ensure
that adequate attention is paid to safeguarding environmental quality.
Research funded by the basic energy sciences program would increase
to provide supporting data and better theoretical foundations for all
ERDA energy technology programs. Construction of a national
synchrotron light source facility is proposed to provide a powerful
new tool that uses synchrotron radiation for investigation of the
structure of materials and chemical processes. Funds are also proposed
for a new combustion research facility incorporating the most sophisticated techniques available for analyzing combustion processes.
Including energy related research and development programs in
other functions, total Federal outlays for such activities are estimated
to be $3.6 billion in 1978, an increase of $0.7 billion over 1977.
Rural Electrification and Telephone Revolving Fund (R.E. &
T.R.F.).—New direct loan commitments from this off-budget Federal
entity are estimated to be $1 billion in 1978 ($750 million for rural
electric borrowers to provide electric service to rural areas and $250
million for rural telephone borrowers to furnish and improve telephone
service to rural areas). Loans from the R.E. & T.R.F. bear interest
at either 2% or 5% and are to be repaid within 35 years. By statute
the loans, advances, budget authority, and outlays of the R.E. &
T.R.F. are excluded from the budget. Legislation is proposed to include this and other off-budget Federal entities in the budget in 1979.
In addition, during 1978 the Rural Electrification Administration
(REA) proposes to make commitments to guarantee $3.5 billion of
loans made by the Federal Financing Bank and other qualified lenders
to eligible rural electric borrowers. These loans would finance the
construction and operation of generating plants and electric transmission and distribution systems in rural areas. REA proposes also
to make commitments to guarantee $200 million in loans to furnish
and improve telephone service in rural areas. By statute, any amounts
guaranteed by the Administrator of REA under the Rural Electrification Act are not included in the totals of the budget and are exempt
from any general limitation imposed by statute on expenditures and
budget outlays of the United States. Legislation is proposed that would
remove this provision from the statute.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
109
MAJOR CREDIT PROGRAMS—NATURAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND
ENERGY
[In millions of dollars]
Agency and program
Energy:
Energy Research and Development Administration:
Geothermal resource development fund:
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period___
Off-budget Federal entities:
Rural Electrification and Telephone Revolving Fund:
Direct loan disbursements 1
Direct loan repayment2
Direct loans outstanding, end of period....
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
Energy Independence Authority:
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments 2
Direct loans outstanding
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
Water resources:
Bureau of Reclamation loan fund:
Direct loan disbursements 1
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
1
2
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
197
816
407
8,256
1,114
208
246
8,218
1,514
491
975
332
8,861
2,615
1,000
816
9,045
3,691
650
500
150
/ , 700
12
3
201
6
1
206
31
3
233
17
4
246
New loans; does not include write-offs of loans, forgiveness credits or other adjustments.
Includes sale of loan assets.
The new coastal energy impact program is discussed in the community and regional development function.
Pollution control and abatement.—Programs in this area provide
resources to control or reduce air, water, and land pollution. Outlays
are estimated to increase from $5.2 billion in 1977 to $5.9 billion in
1978 and $6.0 billion in 1979.
Sewage plant construction grants.—One of two major proposed
changes in Federal environmental programs involves, for the first
time, a 10-year funding commitment for construction of wastewater
treatment plants, contingent upon enactment of reform legislation—
first proposed last year. This will focus Federal funding on the most
critical water quality improvements while reducing the long-term
Federal liability for waste treatment plant construction from $330
billion to $45 billion. The proposed reforms would:
• limit lederal grants to those programs having the greatest
impact on water quality: namely, treatment plants, interceptor
sewers, and correction of sewer infiltration and inflow; and reduce
the Federal share from 75% to 60% for control of combined
110
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
sewer overflows (thereby eliminating grants for collection sewer
systems, sewer rehabilitation projects, and treatment for urban
stormwater runoff);
• limit Federal grant assistance to that portion of facilities necessary
to serve the existing population;
• limit Federal grant assistance to features necessary to meet
Federal standards, except where municipalities demonstrate that
the benefits of additional features exceed the costs; and
• extend the deadline through 1978 for obligating the $18 billion
authorized in 1972.
Pending enactment of the reform legislation, a supplemental $400
million in budget authority is proposed for use by those States running out of funds in 1977. The use of these funds would be limited to
financing the highest priority facilities in water quality improvement; namely, secondary waste treatment works and interceptor
sewers.
Contingent upon enactment of the reform, 1978 budget authority
of $4.5 billion is proposed as the first increment of the 10-year $45
billion commitment. Outlays for this program are expected to increase from $4.4 billion in 1977 to $5.2 billion in 1978 and $5.4 billion
in 1979.
Other pollution control and abatement—The second major proposed
change in Federal environmental programs involves increased emphasis on programs to prevent the occurrence of pollution rather than
to control pollutants after they have entered the environment. For
example, the recently enacted Toxic Substances Act regulates the
introduction into the economy and the use of toxic substances for
purposes of protecting the environment.
The 1978 budget also provides for an increased emphasis on the
enforcement of pollution control laws. The budget provides for
increased grants for State pesticide programs, with special emphasis
on reducing illegal marketing, distribution, and use of pesticide
products. A 40% increase in budget authority for control of stationary
sources of air pollution is also proposed.
In addition, States will receive increased authority to set priorities
for the use of Federal pollution control and abatement grants. While
the existing environmental laws place the major responsibility for
meeting Federal standards on State governments, the categorical
grant system intended to help States defray the cost of meeting the
standards has frequently limited the ability of any particular State
to address its most critical pollution problems. In lieu of the Federal
Government's detailed control over the distribution of funds among
air, water quality, water supply, solid waste and toxic substances
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
111
control programs in each State through categorical grants, the 1978
budget provides for one consolidated grant to each State. The government of each State will allot funds among these programs within
general guidelines and thereby be able to focus Federal funds on the
priority environmental problems of the State.
Under current law the tax-exempt status of pollution control
industrial revenue bonds results in a tax expenditure estimated at
$320 million in 1978. Legislation is proposed to end tax-exempt status
of these bonds, which would under this proposal be taxable and receive a 20% Federal interest subsidy.
Water resources and power.—Outlays for this area are estimated
to decrease from $4.9 billion in 1978 to $4.7 billion in 1979.
Water resources development—Federal water resource development
agencies construct, operate and maintain projects primarily for flood
control, navigation and irrigation. Other purposes include generation
of hydroelectric power, provision of municipal water supply, and
recreation.
Corps of Engineers construction projects are budgeted to meet the
schedules presented with the 1977 budget. The Bureau of Reclamation program for 1978 and beyond would be placed on a schedule
consistent with realistic budget projections over the next 5 years
similar to that prepared by the Corps in 1977. First priority in establishing project completion dates for these agencies is given to power
and energy-related projects and to urban flood control. The first
priority for Soil Conservation Service projects is given to rural areas.
The accompanying table shows construction projects that have been
funded with year-by-year appropriations and that need future budget
authority for their completion. Because the total budget authority does
not appear in any one budget year, the full costs of these projects are
sometimes not understood. For example, the 1978 budget authority of
$2.5 billion for water resources and recreation projects will require an
additional $20 billion in budget authority in future years to complete.
The total cost of these projects is over $44 billion. In order to finance
ongoing projects at adequate rates and yet contribute toward better
control over growth in Federal spending, no new construction starts
are recommended for 1978.
Legislation is proposed to require user charges on Federal waterways. Under present law, Federal canals, locks, channels, and harbors
costing billions to build and about $450 million each year to operate
are used free by commercial ships and barges, and by recreationists.
Rail, air and other transportation modes are not provided with subsidies of this character or of this proportion of right-of-way costs.
112
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
WATER RESOURCES AND RECREATION CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN THE 1978
BUDGET THAT REQUIRE FUTURE BUDGET AUTHORITY
(In millions of dollars]
Budget authority
Program
Already
approved
prior to
1978
Proposed
for 1978
Additional
needed to
complete
Total
Corps of Engineers—Civil:
Construction, general
Flood control, Mississippi River and tributaries...
10,058
2.453
1,491
164
7.853
3,091
19.403
5,708
1,881
138
1,558
3.577
44
13
33
90
24
40
0
14
0
8
1
6
1
34
5
5,019
1,178
1.048
26
0
45
7
10,867
1.675
1,955
43
6
20,340
44,213
Department of Agriculture: Soil and Conservation
Service
Department of the Interior:
Fish and Wildlife Service—construction and
anadromous
fish
Bureau of Reclamation:
Colorado River Basin salinity control projects. __
Construction and rehabilitation
_
Colorado River Basin project
Upper Colorado River storage projects
Tennessee Valley Authority ( nonpower )
_
TotaL_._
_.
__
-
97
5.448
33
9
86
2
15
9
21,395
2,476
Under the proposed legislation, the cost of those waterways would be
at leafet partially paid for by those who use them.
It is proposed that the Water Resources Council not be funded in
1978. The primary functions that the Water Resources Council was
created to perform can be better addressed by other means. Legislation
is recommended to abolish the Council and transfer the river basin
commission activities to the Department of the Interior. It is proposed
that the Council's policy function be replaced by a Cabinet level committee to be created by Executive order. Interagency committees will
be established as needed to conduct routine technical coordination
functions. Water resources planning grants to States would not be
funded under this proposal. Since the grant program began in 1965,
State planning staffs have increased dramatically so that continued
Federal subsidies to stimulate this growth are no longer necessary.
Power programs.—Outlays for power programs are estimated at
$0.9 billion in 1977, $1.2 billion in 1978, and $1.0 billion in 1979. These
outlays are primarily for the nuclear powerplant construction program
of the Tennessee Valley Authority. They also cover the power programs of the Department of the Interior—located mainly in the
western region of the Nation—that transmit and market power from
Federal hydroelectric projects, primarily to publicly owned distribution
systems.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
113
Conservation and land management.—These programs are
to develop and conserve natural resources including wildlife habitat;
provide recreation opportunities on national forests and national
resource lands; and to encourage conservation efforts, including
watershed protection, and development on private lands. Outlays
are estimated to decline from $1.5 billion in 1977 to $1.4 billion in
1978 and 1979.
Forest Service.—This bureau administers the National Forest
System, conducts a comprehensive forest and range research program
and carries out cooperative forestry programs with States and private
landowners. Proposed 1978 budget authority for these activities
increases by $58 million over the 1977 amount to $1,110 million in
1978. Increases are proposed for several national forest purposes including recreation use, watershed protection, and protection of endangered species. Proposed funding for new timber sales would be
maintained at approximately the 1977 level. That level of new sales
coupled with the large timber volume sold but uncut is believed
sufficient to meet expected demand. The budget also proposes an expansion in research, with much of the increase directed at improving
renewable resources evaluation. Proposed budget authority for cooperative forestry programs is maintained at the 1977 level with the exception of grants to States for forest fire control, which are reduced
from $20 million in 1977 to $11 million in 1978. These grants now
serve primarily to replace State resources. Proposed budget authority
for the Youth Conservation Corps is reduced from $30 million in 1977
to $16 million in 1978 reflecting the relatively low priority of this program that by statute cannot be targeted to youths with particular
needs for employment.
Competing demands for use of national forests including increased
recreation, greater timber production and more rigorous environmental
controls, are contributing to the mounting pressures for more spending
on these Federal lands. Although these lands are publicly owned, it
may be feasible and desirable to manage them on a businesslike basis
whereby expenses would be met by receipts generated from sales, and
investments would be made on the basis of expected returns. Accordingly, a study is planned to determine the extent to which businesslike
procedures can be applied to national forests with programs becoming self-financed.
Bureau of Land Management.—Outlays for this program are proposed to increase from $296 million in 1977 to $315 million in 1978.
They would be used to support energy and mineral development
both onshore and on the Outer Continental Shelf; to carry out a land
use study of the National Petroleum Keserve, Alaska; and to implement the new Bureau of Land Management Organic Act.
114
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Agriculture conservation program.—The administration is proposing
legislation that would reform the program by emphasizing long-term
conservation practices and restrict cost sharing to those individuals
who are financially in need of such assistance. Under the new legislation, the program would be funded at $90 million annually.
Other conservation and land management.—The Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration proposes
to expand its support for the coastal zone management program from
$35 million in budget authority in 1977 to $56 million in 1979. This
expansion includes the implementation of the new coastal energy impact formula grant program. It is proposed that starting in 1979,
Federal assistance to States for the administration of their coastal
zone management plans be gradually phased out. This proposal reflects the belief that—after initial Federal assistance—States and
their localities will finance the cost of maintaining their coastal zone
management plans.
Recreational resources.—Federal programs for recreation include
the purchase, development, and operation of parks, wilderness areas,
historic sites, wildlife refuges, wild and scenic rivers and other recreation facilities. Total outlays for these programs are estimated to rise
from $1.2 billion in 1977 to $1.4 billion in 1978, and $1.5 billion in
1979, largely as a result of several new initiatives.
Bicentennial land heritage.—The President's program will provide
$1.5 billion over 10 years to upgrade and maintain the Nation's parks
and wildlife refuges. Accordingly, supplemental budget authority of
$1.3 billion in 1977 is proposed. It includes $959 million for construction
and reconstruction of park and refuge facilities, $20 million for
additional staffing of 1,500 employees for the National Park Service
and Fish and Wildlife Service, and $141 million for accelerated land
acquisition. It also includes $200 million for increased community
development block grants to metropolitan localities that may be used
for city park rehabilitation. This amount is included in the community and regional development function.
Land and water conservation fund.—This provides grants to States
for recreational land acquisition and development, and funds direct
Federal purchase of recreational lands. The proposed appropriation
for the Land and water conservation fund will be fully funded at
$600 million in 1978, double the $300 million level of recent years, and
fully funded at $750 million in 1979.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
115
Operation of recreational resources.—Requested funding for historic
preservation grants is also doubled in 1978 over 1977. Proposed budget
authority of $35 million for these grants in 1978 is to assist State
preservation planning efforts, and State, local or private projects that
preserve historic properties.
In 1978 the National Park Service proposes to spend $529 million
in outlays for significant increases in park system operations, maintenance and development including funds proposed under the Bicentennial land heritage program. Park Service staffing is to increase
by 1,000 in 1977.
The Fish and Wildlife Service manages wildlife refuges; operates
fish hatcheries; conducts research on fish and wildlife; and administers
the endangered species program. Research to understand, describe,
assess and predict the effects of human activities on fish and wildlife
are conducted.
Legislation is recommended to increase migratory bird hunting and
conservation stamp receipts by $10 million in 1978. The budget
assumes the price would be set at $10. The price of the stamp has not
been raised since 1972, despite the increased cost of lands necessary
to preserve migratory waterfowl populations for which these receipts
are used.
Other natural resources.—The activities of the Geological Survey
and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
fall within this subfunction. The programs of the Geological Survey
include topographic surveys and mapping, geological and mineral
resource surveys, and water resources investigations. These activities
contribute to the development of energy and other mineral resources.
To launch a major national effort to reduce earthquake risks,
proposed outlays by the Geological Survey for earthquake research
are being increased $16 million in 1978 to a total of $27 million. The
budget provides for an expansion in research toward developing a
reliable ability to predict earthquakes and to identify national and
regional earthquake hazard areas. Comparable increases for the National Science Foundation earthquake research are discussed in the
general science, space, and technology function.
NOAA plans to continue its programs in mapping and charting and
in environmental and weather monitoring and prediction. NOAA—in
addition to its ongoing marine resources management, development,
and conservation activities—is also planning to expand its efforts to
preserve marine fishery resources within the recently established 200mile zone and to protect endangered marine species. Total outlays for
the other natural resources subfunction are estimated to rise from
$1.0 billion in 1977 to $1.1 billion per year in 1978 and 1979.
116
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
AGRICULTURE
Agricultural programs provide income protection for farmers. In
addition, research, technical, economic, and marketing information
and services are provided to farmers, processors, distributors, and
consumers. Inspection services assure the quality of farm products.
Outlays for these programs are estimated to decrease from $2.9 billion
in 1977 to $2.3 billion in 1978, and $1.9 billion in 1979, primarily
because of lower outlays for farm income stabilization.
Budget Proposals
• Continue successful market-oriented commodity programs and extend them to crops not now covered.
• Expand crop insurance availability and eliminate disaster
payments in 1979.
• Establish new Grain Inspection Service in 1977.
• Begin 5-year $150 million competitive basic research
grant program to increase agricultural productivity.
• Raise agricultural credit program interest rates to the
level of Treasury borrowing costs.
Budget estimates dependent on agricultural production are made
on the basis of normal weather, even though the weather is rarely
normal everywhere in the world. Additional assumptions used in
preparing estimates of commodity program costs include:
• continued strong world demand for U.S. farm products;
• large domestic supplies;
• continued economic growth in the United States; and
• reduced acreage of crops experiencing price weakness.
Farm income stabilization.—Outlays
for farm income stabilization are estimated to decrease from $1.8 billion in 1977, to $1.2
billion in 1978, and $0.7 billion in 1979. These estimates include
short-term export credit sales of $1.0 billion in 1977 and $750 million in 1978 and 1979; an increase in repayments of export credits;
and lower commodity program costs. They also assume the enactment
of recommended legislation to eliminate disaster payments and
to reduce subsidies for peanuts.
Legislation.—In 1977 the Congress will consider renewal of major
farm price support programs for crops harvested in 1978 and beyond.
This process provides an opportunity to extend the benefits from
recent agricultural policies, a cornerstone of which is to permit our
major export crops to be priced competitively in world markets,
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
117
AGRICULTURE»
[In millions of dollars]
Program
Farm income stabilization:
Price support and related programs
Proposed legislation
Long-term land retirement programs
National Wool Act
Sugar Act
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
Agricultural credit insurance fund
Administrative expenses and other
Subtotal, farm income stabilization
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
1,234
Outlays
1976
actual
1,014
1977
1978
1979
estimate estimate estimate
1,820
864
1,044
—644
3
7
4
5
1
0
1
5
26
9
15
5
2
1
1
2
3
3
7
4
-314
19
5
1
9
12
4
11
6
1
8
12
5
17
5
1,588
1,574
1,773
1,188
71
3
12
12
165
164
Agricultural research and services:
Research programs
Extension programs
Consumer protection, marketing, and regulatory programs
Economic intelligence
Other
Offsetting receipts
465
242
352
218
458
241
463
243
462
240
311
113
61
-49
256
91
53
-48
310
108
60
-49
316
114
60
-49
335
115
60
-49
Subtotal, agricultural research and
services
1,144
921
1,128
1,147
1,163
—3
7
—2
2,729
2,502
2,899
2,333
1,891
Other deductions for off setting receipts
Total agriculture
information on budget authority for 1976. 1977, and 1979 and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
and to correct those features of current legislation that have proven
burdensome to the public and to producers. Agricultural policy goals
should be to keep U.S. farm products competitive in world markets,
to increase production efficiency, and to assure fair returns to farmers.
In order to meet these goals farm programs should:
• rely on the forces of supply and demand;
• rely on private storage activity for purposes of price stabilization;
• avoid Government restrictions on crop production; and
• absorb the risks of severe price declines.
To achieve these ends, the provisions of current legislation that
protect the producer against uninsurable price risks as they apply to
240-000 O - 77 - 9
118
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
wheat, feed grains, rice, and cotton should be extended. Rice offers
an example of what happens when target prices and loan levels are
set too high—producer surpluses build up and deficiency payments
become a large ($146 million in 1977) and permanent part of the
income from that crop.
Legislation is recommended to eliminate disaster payments and to
expand crop insurance in 1979. If this recommended legislation is
enacted, the increase in outlays for the Federal Crop Insurance
Corporation would be substantially less than the decrease in outlays
for disaster payments.
A major overhaul of the peanut program, which had outlays of $257
million in 1976, is in order. In this reform particular attention should
be given to elimination of the minimum acreage allotment.
U.S. tobacco is now losing out in world markets. An inflexible
formula in the law fixes support prices so high that foreign tobacco
production is encouraged, domestic production quotas must be cut,
and Government stocks of tobacco increase. Authority for the Secretary of Agriculture to adjust tobacco support prices is needed.
Large world supplies of dairy products continue to put pressure on
prices. Present U.S. price levels for milk, which are fixed over most of
the country by both Federal and State regulations, encourage dairymen to produce surpluses that accumulate in Government inventories.
The U.S. Government now has over 386 million pounds of nonfat dry
milk in inventory. It is exceedingly difficult to dispose of these surpluses, and impossible to do so without substantial losses. The Government buys nonfat dry milk at 62.4 cents per pound. World market
prices are around 16 cents per pound. The dairy price support program requires a careful review by both the Congress and the Executive in order to extract the Government from the present system
of perverse incentives without creating havoc with the dairy industry.
Legislation is recommended to increase interest rates for agricultural
credit programs from the present 5% statutory ceiling to a rate
approximating Treasury borrowing costs. Until this has been accomplished, further growth in credit availability under these programs is not recommended. The present interest rates were established a number of years ago when Treasury borrowing costs were
substantially lower.
Agricultural research and services.—Outlays for research, extension, consumer protection, marketing, regulatory, and economic
programs are estimated to be $1.1 billion in 1978, up $19 million from
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
119
COMMODITY CREDIT CORPORATION OUTLAYS
[In millions of dollars]
Program or agency
Agriculture:
Price support operations:
Disaster payments
Proposed legislation
Commodity loans
Proposed legislation
Commodity purchases
Short-term export credit sales
Other price support operation
Receipts and adjustments
Subtotal, price support operations
Other activities
Subtotal
International affairs:
Food for Peace:
Gross outlays
Receipts and reimbursements
Subtotal
Total CCC outlays
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
1978
1979
estimate estimate estimate
287
82
374
404
1,081
323
2,168
2,168
303
623
394
-1,674
122
336
-9
-402
730
1,000
568
-3,020
666
750
527
-3,651
419
—419
2,431
—225
621
750
559
-3,736
1,014
452
1,820
864
400
100
-41
64
-47
3
1,114
411
1,884
817
403
972
281
488
67
1,376
287
1,404
312
1,385
335
691
421
1,089
1,092
1,050
1,805
832
2,973
1,909
1,453
1977. Much of the increase over 1977 is accounted for by higher pay
costs. Among the significant items of outlay increases are:
— $6 million for the beginning of a new 5-year, $150 million basic
research program to fund the most innovative and promising
proposals related to crop productivity; $28 million to be obligated in 1978;
—$17 million to increase plant and animal disease and pest control
programs.
New loan commitments for guaranteed and direct loans of the
Farmers Home Administration are estimated to total about $1.7
billion in 1978, a $100 million increase over 1977. Outlays from the
agricultural credit insurance fund are projected to rise by about $455
million in 1978, as a result of the one-time sale of loans from the fund's
accumulated assets during 1977. Asset sale receipts will not be available
in 1978 to offset net loan disbursements.
120
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
MAJOR CREDIT PROGRAMS-AGRICULTURE
(In millions of dollars]
Program
Farm income stabilization:
Commodity Credit Corporation:
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Agricultural and emergency credit programs:
Direct loan disbursements *_
___
Direct loan repayments *___
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
1
3
TQ
1977
754
576
440
675
228
1.887
3.218
2.196
2.851
2.968
2.869
2.838
663
467
939
362
523
775
1.629
2.079
315
1.812
1.857
260
5,094
5,483
6,298
7,004
1976
New loans; does not include write-offs of loans, forgiveness credits or other adjustments.
Includes sale of loan assets.
1978
estimate
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
121
COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION
Programs for commerce and transportation include development
and support of several modes of transportation, support of the home
mortgage market, subsidies to the Postal Service, aids to business,
and regulatory activities. Budget outlays for commerce and transportation programs are estimated to rise from $16.1 billion in 1977 to
$19.3 billion in 1978 and $18.6 billion in 1979. Total outlays for this
Budget Proposals
• Seek enactment of air and motor carrier economic regulatory reform legislation and implement rail reform legislation enacted in 1976.
• Support the Consolidated Rail Corporation with loans of
$2.1 billion through 1981 to establish self-supporting rail
freight service in the Northeast and Midwest.
• Restrain the growth of subsidies for intercity rail passenger service based upon congressionally approved route
and service criteria.
• Increase the use of formula grant funds for capital
investment in mass transit.
• Expand Coast Guard programs in support of efforts for
200-mile fisheries enforcement, marine safety, and marine
environmental protection.
• Conduct a major review of the basis of Federal support
to the maritime industry.
• Provide $3.7 billion in direct and guaranteed loans for
rural housing programs in 1978.
• Increase homeownership opportunities by reducing downpayment requirements and raising the size of mortgages
eligible for FHA mortgage insurance.
• Adopt actuarially sound FHA mortgage insurance premiums and other reforms that encourage the development of private insurers while assuring that creditworthy
families have access to FHA mortgage credit.
• Continue efforts to achieve the objective that postal
costs are borne by mail users, not the general taxpayer.
• Increase direct loan assistance to small businesses
through the Development Company Loan program.
• Increase surety bond guaranty assistance to small
contractors.
• Propose business tax incentives to encourage investment.
122
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
function, including off-budget Federal entities, are estimated to rise
from $17.7 billion in 1977 to $21.8 billion in 1978 and 1979.
Ground transportation.—Total outlays for ground transportation
are estimated at $11.3 billion in both 1978 and 1979, compared with
$10.1 billion in 1977.
COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION *
[In million, of dollars]
Program or agency
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Outlays
1976
actual
1979
estimate
1977
1978
estimate estimate
Ground transportation:
Highway improvement and construction.
Traffic and highway safety
Mass transit
__
Proposed legislation
Railroads
Proposed legislation
Regulation
_
6.993
236
492
Subtotal, ground transportation
9.511
Off-budget Federal entity:
U.S. Railway Association
Subtotal including off-budget
6,477 6.069 7,162 6,944
151 182 224 232
1,492 2,146 2,404 2,382
_
-100
1.828 1.132 1,661 1.545
1.689
-100
62
52
61
63 59
(
9.305
)
10,119
11,298
(52) (298) (
11,307
) (-103)
(9,511) (9,356) (10,417) (11,298) (11,204)
Air transportation:
Airways and airports
___
___
Proposed legislation
Air carrier subsidies
Aeronautical research and technology. _.
2,736
-3
70
423
2.153
71
333
2,417
77
349
2.780
-5
69 69
392 456
3,226
2,557
1,336
-1
404
Subtotal, air transportation
2,843
2.732
-3
3.190 3.300
1,007 1.203 1.331
1.379
-1
_
.
551 682 634 457
1.740
1.558 1.885 1.964
Water transportation:
Coast Guard
Proposed legislation.
Shipping
Subtotal, water transportation.
90
Other transportation
Subtotal, transportation
Subtotal, including
off-budgeL~.
See footnotes at end of table.
1,836
6
5
8
3
8
5
91
14,567
13,484
14,930
16,536
16,534
(14,567) (13,535) (15,228) (16,536) (16,431)
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
123
COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION ^-Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Program or agency
Mortgage credit and thrift insurance:
Department of Housing and Urban Development—mortgage insurance and related
programs
._
1,125
Department of Agriculture—rural housing
programs
_
328
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation....
Federal Home Loan Bank Board and other. _._
_
Subtotal, mortgage credit and thrift
insurance
Off-budget Federal cnUiy-Housing for the
elderly or handicapped fund.
Subtotal including off-budget.
_._.
Postal Service:
Payment to Postal Service....
Off-budget Federal entity—Postal Service...
Subtotal including off-budget
1.453
(750)
Outlays
1976
actual
1.799
1977
1978
1979
estimate estimate estimate
647
635
188
7
-429
- 4 7 8 -861
- 9 9 -1,447
415
-379
-455
517
-780
-498
1,229 -2,090
217
-573
(-15)
(738)
(778)
(954)
(205)
(262)
(2,203)
(1, 215) ( - / , 828)
1,472
(1,815)
1,720
(1,085)
2,272
(1,006)
(3,287)
(2,805)
184
136
603
347
166
86
307
308
181
113
393
349
183
130
430
350
181
256
517
348
1,270
867
1,036
1,094
1,302
..__
-67
-52
-43
-67
-65
Total
Total including off-budget Federal
entities
18,694
17,248
16,106
19,252
18,632
Other advancement and regulation of commerce:
Technology utilization
Economic and demographic statistics
Small business assistance
Other
Subtotal, other advancement and regulation of commerce
Deductions for offsetting receipts
•$500
1
thousand or less.
(3,278)
1,472 1,435
(1,815) (2,526)
(3,287)
(3,961)
(19,444) (18,370) (17,671) (21,804) (21,833)
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977, and 1979, and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
124
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Highways.—Proposed outlays for highway improvement and construction increase from $6.1 billion in 1977 to $7.2 billion in 1978, the
highest level to date, and then decline to $6.9 billion in 1979. A $6.5
billion obligation ceiling is proposed for the Federal-aid highways
program in 1978. This ceiling moderately expands the average obligation level of $6.1 billion estimated to be achieved in 1976 and 1977
and recognizes that States continue to require substantial, stable
Federal assistance in order to permit orderly planning and phased
construction of interstate and other highways. Without a $6.5 billion
obligation ceiling, more than $5 billion of previously authorized highway funds would be released. Such funds probably could not be
utilized by the States, based on recent yearly obligation trends (e.g.,
in calendar year 1976, States obligated $6.0 billion Federal-aid highway program funds). If the additional funds were obligated, it would
only accentuate the financial "peaks and valleys" that have plagued
the highway construction industry in recent years. A highway bill
is planned for submission in calendar year 1977 to authorize 1979
highway programs.
Mass transit.—Proposed outlays for mass transit programs total
$2.3 billion in 1978, a 7% increase over 1977 and a 54% increase
over 1976. The 1977 and 1978 increases are attributable to emphasis
by local governments on operating subsidy grants and more transfers
of Interstate highway funds to mass transit projects. Estimated total
outlays in 1979 should not increase significantly.
The budget proposes to limit the portion of transit formula grants
that may be used for operating subsidies in 1978 and future years to
80% of new allocations. This proposal would foster capital investment
and replacement, and encourage greater productivity and other restraint in operating costs.
The budget reflects a Federal ceiling of $4.7 billion for the Washington, D.C., Metro, which began service on a limited segment in
1976. Major transit projects supported by the Federal Government
are fully funded with current authorizations, consistent with Government-wide practice for large public works projects. Current authorizations for mass transit are expected to be exhausted during 1979 due to
full-funding requirements, and will require an additional $1.1 billion in
budget authority to permit the transit discretionary grant program
to be funded at an annual level of $1.25 billion through 1980. Recent
studies indicate that predicted costs and effectiveness of new rapid
rail projects will not be achieved. The budget assumes that no new
costly heavy rapid rail projects will be initiated through 1979 to
permit experience to be gained as projects under construction begin
operations.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
125
Railroads.—Outlays for railroad programs are estimated to increase from $1.1 billion in 1976 to $1.7 billion in 1979. Comprehensive
rail legislation, enacted in 1976, forms the basis for temporary Federal
support of the Nation's rail freight system. By 1981, the Consolidated
Rail Corporation (ConRail), created from six bankrupt railroads in the
Northeast and Midwest, will have received an estimated $2.1 billion
in loans to help ConRail establish self-supporting rail service in
those parts of the country. In addition, other freight railroads are
expected to receive direct and guaranteed loans totaling $970 million
through 1978, of which at least $170 million is to aid necessary mergers
and consolidations of the Nation's rail network.
Assistance to rail passenger service takes the form of a subsidy to
the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) and a rail
construction program for the Northeast. The 1978 request for Amtrak
establishes a new standard for Federal assistance to the corporation.
Rather than meet Amtrak's operating deficit, regardless of its size,
the proposed operating subsidy for 1978 and subsequent years is
being held to the same level as in 1977. It is expected that Amtrak,
with the Department of Transportation, will implement this policy
through extensive use of route and service criteria recently approved by
Congress and subject several routes to discontinuation action in
calendar year 1977. In addition, construction is scheduled to start in
1978 along the 457-mile rail corridor from Washington to Boston. This
project will rehabilitate track that was allowed to deteriorate by the
bankrupt railroads along the Northeast corridor. The 1978 request for
the corridor is $400 million; some 123% higher than in 1977.
In addition to administering the support programs to ConRail, the
United States Railway Association (USRA) has one off-budget
activity. USRA is authorized to borrow funds to make loans to
railroads involved in the restructuring of bankrupt lines in the Northeast and to defray the preconveyance obligations of ConRail. The
aggregate of outstanding obligations is limited to $395 million at any
one time. It is expected that this ceiling will be reached during 1977
and that repayment will begin during 1978.
Regulation.—Outlays for motor and rail regulatory activities are
estimated to be $63 million in 1978, up from $61 million in 1977.
Recently enacted rail regulatory reform legislation provides for
significant reforms in ratemaking, and moves toward streamlining
and updating antiquated regulatory procedures. To continue the
regulatory reform effort, motor carrier legislation is planned in calendar year 1977. The objective would be to modernize motor carrier
transportation regulations through more flexible ratemaking, more
126
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
liberal market entry provisions, less regulatory lag, and increased
competition. In addition to changing the legislative basis for regulalation, the budget assumes that the regulatory agencies will undertake
program evaluation designed to improve the effectiveness of necessary
regulations.
Air transportation.—Total
outlays for air transportation are
estimated at $3.2 billion in 1978 and $3.3 billion in 1979, compared
with $2.8 billion in 1977.
The Federal Aviation Administration's budget includes funds for
additional air traffic controllers to accommodate the expected growth
in aviation activity. Funding for additional system maintenance
technicians is requested to support the forecasted expansion in the
number of facilities and equipment placements. A new progiam to obtain modern flight simulators for training inspectors and flight crews is
expected to result in more rapid training and aircraft fuel conservation.
Initial funding is requested in 1978 to replace, relocate, and improve
very high frequency (VHF) radio range systems which are used for
enroute navigation and airport approaches. The 1978 budget also
includes funds to emphasize research and development activities
where: (1) new technology has a role in the near term resolution of
safety problems, (2) Congress and/or the administration has highlighted the need for continued development (for example, windshear
research and microwave landing systems), or(3) the United States has
made a commitment to support international research projects.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans
to spend nearly $400 million in 1978 on its program of research and
development to improve aircraft performance, reliability, and safety,
and to reduce aircraft energy requirements and noise and exhaust
pollution. The 1978 budget continues funding for the construction and
modification of two large aeronautical test facilities, initiated in 1977,
and for the development of technology for more fuel-efficient air
transports for civilian and military applications.
Air carrier regulatory reform is expected to be actively considered
by Congress. Concurrently, the 1978 budget request for the Civil
Aeronautics Board focuses on management reforms of air carrier
regulation through modernization of procedures and liberalization of
overly restrictive regulations.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
127
Water transportation.—Total outlays for water transportation
are expected to be $1.9 billion in 1977, $2.0 billion in 1978 and
$1.8 billion in 1979. Estimated Federal ocean shipping outlays of
$634 million in 1978 compare to $682 million in 1977. These outlays
are primarily directed to subsidizing the construction and operation
of U.S.-flag ships that participate in the foreign trade of the United
States. A major study of the basis of Federal support of U.S.-flag
shipping is proposed.
Proposed Coast Guard outlays of $1.3 billion in 1978 reflect a
continuing emphasis on renovation and replacement of major operating equipment, while continuing activities for search and rescue,
marine pollution control, provision of marine navigation facilities,
and enforcement of U.S. laws and treaties. In addition, the 1978
operating programs are being expanded to support 200-mile fisheries
enforcement, marine safety, and marine environmental protection.
Mortgage credit and thrift insurance.—The availability of
credit at reasonable interest rates is particularly important to potential homebuyers since very few of them can pay for homes out
of their own pockets at the time of purchase. Consequently, the
degree to which the mortgage market functions smoothly and makes
mortgage credit available at affordable interest rates exerts a heavy
influence on the demand—and therefore on the production of—
housing.
The most important actions that the Federal Government can take
to encourage housing production are to pursue fiscal and monetary
policies that are consistent with a sound environment for the provision
of mortgage credit and for increases in real incomes. To the extent
that an overly expansionary fiscal policy or an excessively restrictive
monetary policy limit the supply of credit, interest rates may increase
and the supply of funds to mortgage markets will be restricted. Moreover, if these fiscal and monetary policies increase inflationary pressures
the potential homebuyer will be less able to afford to purchase and
maintain a house, thereby decreasing the number of families who can
become homeowners. During the past year, under the administration's proposed economic policies and the monetary policies of the
Federal Reserve, the supply of credit for housing has improved.
Mortgage interest rates have subsided somewhat, funds have flowed
into residential investment institutions at a record rate, and the rate of
increase in housing costs has slowed considerably.
128
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
The administration has also taken specific actions to reduce the cost
of housing credit in certain situations. During calendar year 1976, the
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) authorized the
Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) to make commitments to buy $5.0 billion in mortgages covering new multifamily
housing and bearing interest rates below prevailing market levels. This
will facilitate the development of an estimated 200,000 housing units.
Mortgages purchased under the program will be resold as market
conditions permit, with GNMA absorbing the loss. Losses resulting
from GNMA's mortgage purchase activities are estimated to be $162
million in 1977, $257 million in 1978, and $260 million in 1979. Since
the upturn in both single-family and multifamily housing starts is expected to continue and conditions in the mortgage market have
stabilized, temporary mortgage purchase programs should not be
needed in 1978 and 1979.
A succession of shortrun measures designed to combat temporary
dislocations in financial markets cannot assure the availability of
adequate housing credit in the future. In addition to sound fiscal
and monetary policies, a basic reform of the financial system is essential if the Nation's housing objectives are to be met. Such reform
would enable financial institutions to compete more effectively for
savings by removing restrictions on the interest rates these institutions may pay depositors and on the types of investments they
may make.
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) provides mortgage
insurance for those families who should be able to fulfill the obligations
accompanying a mortgage loan, but who are not adequately served
by the private market. The President has proposed that FHA downpayment and mortgage limit provisions be changed to bring homeownership within the reach of a larger number of families. Insurance
for mortgages with graduated payment schedules will be made
available on an accelerated basis. These mortgages, which require
lower initial monthly payments, will assist young, first-time
homebuyers.
Based on a major study of FHA, the administration is proposing
several changes in FHA's mortgage insurance programs to make them
complement the services offered by private mortgage insurers. Within
current law, insurance premiums will be adjusted to actuarially sound
levels. In addition, mortgage insurance will no longer be written under
section 221 (d) (2) (low and moderate income) and section 223 (e)
(older, declining areas) of the National Housing Act. Creditworthy
families who otherwise would purchase homes under these two programs will be eligible for mortgage insurance under the basic homeownership program.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
129
These improvements in management of FHA programs ultimately
will reduce outlays from currently high levels. Heavy default rates
experienced under some mortgage insurance programs—particularly
those serving lower income families and older, declining areas—contributed to the FHA's net outlays of $1.2 billion in 1976. To reduce
defaults and the dislocations that often accompany them, additional
subsidies under the section 8 rental assistance program (discussed in
the Income Security function) will be available to federally insured
multifamily projects experiencing severe financial problems. As a
result, FHA's outlays are estimated to decline from $1.0 billion in 1977
to $0.7 billion in 1979.
Most of the Federal Government's support for housing does not
appear in the budget. Government-sponsored enterprises, such as the
Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home L oan
Banks, are excluded from the budget because they are privately
owned. These enterprises supplied $1.3 billion for housing in 1976—
about 2.5% of the net increase in residential mortgage credit. Federal
loan guarantees provided by HUD, the Veterans Administration, and
the Department of Agriculture support housing on a large scale ($171
billion outstanding in 1976), but do not generate budget outlays unless
defaults occur.
Section 202 loans to finance housing projects serving elderly or
handicapped persons are excluded from the budget totals by statute,
although they are financed in the same way as other Federal loan programs that are included in the budget. Legislation is proposed to end
this anomaly and include the section 202 program in the 1979 budget.
The 1978 budget provides for $750 million in new loan commitments
for these projects.
The Farmers Home Administration provides direct and guaranteed
loan housing assistance in rural communities of less than 20,000
population. In 1978, as in 1977, a planned $3.7 billion loan level will
assist more than 175,000 housing units. More than 80% of these units
are assisted through homeownership loans for new construction, purchase of existing units and rehabilitation of existing units. The remaining units are rental properties, primarily for lower income families.
Many of these rental units will also be eligible for assistance under
the HUD section 8 rental assistance program to aid lower-income
families, including farm laborers.
More than half of all units assisted by Farmers Home Administration programs will receive subsidized loans targeted toward lower
income families. About 40% of the unsubsidized units will be assisted
by loan guarantees rather than direct loans. Nonrecurring 1977 asset
130
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
sales of nearly $750 million from the revolving fund that finances
these farmers home housing loans are the largest single factor responsible for a 1978 outlay increase of over $840 million from 1977.
The budget contemplates termination of several small Farmers
Home Administration housing grant programs—mutual- and self-help
housing grants, farm labor housing grants, and very low-income
housing repair grants—since there are alternative sources of Federal
assistance available for these purposes.
Outlays by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) are
estimated to increase by $482 million from 1977 to 1978. It is anticipated that in 1978 the FDIC will repay the Federal Reserve Bank of
New York the indebtedness resulting from the recent closing of the
Franklin National Bank. Outlays are estimated to return to normal
levels in 1979.
An important tax expenditure that aids property owners is the
deduction of interest on home mortgages and local real estate taxes.
These provisions are estimated to reduce receipts by $10.2 billion in
1978.
Postal Service.—The 1970 Postal Reorganization Act established
the U.S. Postal Service as an independent Government-owned
corporation. The general operations of the Postal Service are excluded
from Federal budget totals, with the exception of Federal subsidy
payments. These payments, estimated to be $1.5 billion in 1978 and
$1.4 billion in 1979, cover liabilities of the former Post Office Department for earned and unused annual leave and for compensation to
disabled employees, public service costs, and revenue foregone for
carrying certain classes of mail at free and reduced rates. The recommended revenue foregone subsidy for 1978 and 1979 follows the
schedule that was established in the 1970 act for transition to full-cost
rates for certain second, third, and fourth class mail. The budget does
not include additional subsidies to extend the schedule.1
The budget reflects the recently enacted Postal Reorganization Act
Amendments of 1976 (Public Law 94-421). This act created a Commission on Postal Service to study the problems of the Service and
report recommended solutions to the President and the Congress by
March 15, 1977. The amendments also authorized $1 billion to reduce
the Postal Service's accumulated operating indebtedness. $500 million
was provided in the transition quarter and $500 million is requested for
1977 for this purpose.
1
Section 3 of Public Law 93—328 provides that the budget shall also include separate statements of
the amounts that the Postal Service requests to be appropriated for public service costs and carrying
certain classes of mail at free and reduced rates. The Postal Service's request would extend the subsidy
schedule at an added cost of $223 million in 1978 and $157 million in 1979. These amounts are shown in
greater detail on page 762 of the Budget Appendix. The President's budget does not recommend funding for this extension.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
131
The 1978 outlay request represents a decline from the estimated
$2.3 billion in outlays for 1977 primarily because of the phased transition to full-cost rates and the decision not to request funding for the
extended phasing of these rates. The total request for 1978 and 1979
continues the existing policy that postal costs should be borne by the
mail users and not the general taxpayer. The off-budget outlays of
the U.S. Postal Service reflect the net difference between gross postal
expenditures and gross postal receipts.
Other advancement and regulation of commerce.—Many
Federal programs provide technical assistance to and promote the
development of new businesses. Other programs provide oversight
of the economy and business to assure fair and equal practices and
opportunities.
In 1978, the Small Business Administration (SBA) will provide an
estimated $295 million in direct business loans. Direct loan assistance
to small businesses through the Development Company loan program
will be expanded from an estimated $35 million in 1977 to $45 million in
1978. In addition, an estimated $2.2 billion of loan guarantees will be
provided in 1978 and is expected to aid an estimated 28,500 small
businesses. The SBA proposes to increase surety bond guarantees from
$848 million in 1977 to an estimated level of $900 million in 1978.
These guarantees aid small contractors in obtaining public and private
contracts. All SBA nondisaster related programs will result in estimated budget outlays of $517 million in 1979, a 20% increase over
1978.
Increases in budget authority and outlays for 1979 are proposed for
economic and demographic statistics, primarily for the Bureau of the
Census in preparation for the 1980 Census of Population and Housing.
Special Analysis G, "Principal Federal Statistical Programs" provides
additional information.
Tax expenditures.—The Federal Government also aids businesses
through several tax expenditures. Current tax law provides temporary
reduced rates on the first $50 thousand of profits. Although these rates
assist all businesses and corporations, the small business is especially
aided since the level of profits covered by the tax expenditure is a
much higher portion of total profits than is the case with larger businesses. Estimated revenue losses to the Government, under current
law, are $4.2 billion in 1978. The President has proposed that the
temporary provisions of the Tax Reform Act of 1976 affecting the
tax on the first $50 thousand corporate income be made permanent.
Credits for new investment are provided to businesses and individuals to offset their tax liabilities. This tax expenditure results in an
estimated revenue loss of $11.9 billion in 1978. In addition, income
132
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
from investment—long-term capital gains—is taxed a t reduced rates.
Associated revenue losses resulting from this provision of tax law will
result in an estimated loss of $8.8 billion in 1978. T h e President has
proposed a permanent extension of the increase in the investment t a x
credit from 7 % to 1 0 % . T h e temporary increase would otherwise
expire on December 31, 1980. These and other tax proposals t h a t
would contribute to the improvement and growth of private sector
business are discussed in Part 4, Budget Receipts.
MAJOR CREDIT PROGRAMS—COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION
(In millions of dollars)
Agency and program
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
Department of Transportation—railroad programs:
Direct loan disbursements1
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
*
26
755
26
808
36
62
1,179
86
147
1, 692
309
309
309
600
909
500
1,409
375
323
85
If
*
97
298
_
394
394
3,431
3,591
4,435
5,260
8.671
7,668
8,691
14,598
114,598
1,249
1,666
8,127
116,390
2,120
1,876
7,990
128,250
2,952
2,654
7,819
143.297
U.S. Railway Association:
Direct loan disbursementsl
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Off'budget Federal entity—U.S. Railway Association:
Direct loan disbursements
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Department of Commerce—maritime programs:
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
Department of Housing and Urban Development—
mortgage insurance:
Direct loan disbursements1
Direct loan repayments 2
Direct loan outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
Off-budget Federal entity—Housing for the elderly or
handicapped fund:
Direct loan disbursements 2_
_
__
Direct loan repayments 2
Direct loans outstanding, end of period.
_
Department of Agriculture—rural housing:
Direct loan disbursements1
Direct loan repayments2
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
*
5
509
/
507
274
7
774
750
7
1,518
2,994
3,105
69
8
10,610
98
0
38
6
1,225
10,506
4,447
5,101
49
7
13,784
3,929
3,910
40
6
16,515
44
7
41
0
1.680
4,979
18
1
5
0
1,718
5,096
52
5
31
4
1,930
5,812
49
6
29
0
2,190
6,174
Small Business Administration—business loan and
investment fund:
Direct loan disbursements *
Direct loan repayments 2
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
•Less than $500 thousand.
l New loans: Does not include write-offs of loans, forgiveness credits, or other adjustments.
3
Includes sale of loan assets.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
133
COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Assistance directed toward preservation and revitalization of the
Nation's communities and regions is a major undertaking of the
Federal Government. Federal activities discussed in this function
take the form of assistance to State and local governments for the
construction of public facilities, the provision of public services, and
the encouragement of economic development. Assistance to communities and individuals to alleviate the effects of floods and other natural
disasters is also included in this function.
Budget Proposals
• Provide budget authority of $3.5 billion for community
development block grants in 1978, in support of local
community planning and development activities.
• Begin redevelopment of Pennsylvania Avenue in the
Nation's capital.
• Establish the new coastal energy impact program in 1977
to provide Federal loans and loan guarantees, totaling
$413 million by the end of 1979, to States and localities
affected by coastal energy development activities.
• Increase the number of communities in which federally
subsidized flood insurance is available to 17,000 by the
end of 1978.
The Federal Government's impact on community and regional
development is not limited to activities discussed in this function.
Many programs classified in other functions help promote the social
and economic development of the Nation's States and localities.
These programs include Federal support for: highways, mass transit,
and airport construction and maintenance; flood protection, irrigation,
agricultural land drainage, navigation, and hydropower projects;
pollution control projects; housing credit; local health, education,
crime prevention, employment training, and recreation activities;
and general revenue sharing. Other direct Federal activities, such as
defense contracting and management of public forests and parks,
also have a significant impact on community development.
Outlays for community and regional development programs
covered in this function are estimated to increase from $7.7 billion in
1977 to $7.9 billion in 1978, and then decline to $7.1 billion in 1979 as
spending under terminated or one-time programs drops off. Including
off-budget Federal entities, outlays are estimated to increase from
$7.8 billion in 1977 to $8.0 billion in 1978, and fall to $7.2 billion
in 1979.
240-000 O - 77 - 10
134
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1 9 7 8
COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT *
[In millions of dollars]
Program or agency
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Outlays
1976
actual
1977
1978
1979
estimate estimate estimate
Community development:
Dept of Housing and Urban Development:
Community development block grants..
Categorical programs replaced by community development block grants
Research and planning
Departmental management and other. __
Dept. of Agric: Water and sewer grants...
District of Columbia
._
_
Pennsylvania Avenue development
_
ACTION
._.
Community Services Administration
Other
Subtotal, community development.._.
3,500
983
13
85
214
50
161
21
95
398
16
1,451
148
159
75
116
1
108
462
24
4,554
352
2,262
3,112
3,365
1,169
159
279
163
176
24
110
528
22
691
123
218
199
176
26
97
448
22
373
89
208
159
127
33
87
396
17
3,527
4,892
5,112
4,854
238
247
301
308
3
143
317
778
304
-276
378
564
325
-238
800
51
396
687
334
-276
803
80
386
712
332
-276
202
120
389
740
331
-311
1,622
1,266
2,240
2,339
1,779
Area and regional development:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce:
Local public works
Coastal energy impact
Other
Indian programs
Appalachian programs
Offsetting receipts and other
Subtotal, area and regional
Off-budget Federal entity .-Rural Telephone Bank-
{125)
(93)
(95)
(92)
(89)
Subtotal, including off-budget
Disaster relief and insurance:
Department of Housing and Urban Development: Flood insurance and other
Disaster relief
Small Business Administration disaster
loans
Department of Agriculture...
__
(1,747)
(1,360)
(2,334)
(2,431)
118
150
90
291
173
300
211
150
265
150
20
10
129
11
108
15
81
15
93
12
Subtotal, disaster relief and insurance.
298
522
596
457
520
-39
-15
-33
-39
-42
Total
6,434
5,300
7,695
7,868
7,111
Total, including off-budget
(6,559)
(5,393)
(7,789)
(7,960)
(7,200)
Other deductions for offsetting receipts
(1,868)
* Information on budget authority for 1976. 1977, and 1979, and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
135
Community development.—Community development programs
provide Federal grants, loans, and technical assistance to States and
localities in support of locally determined planning and development
programs. Outlays for community development are estimated to increase from $4.9 billion in 1977 to $5.1 billion in 1978, and decline to
$4.9 billion in 1979. Most of the reduction is due to the decline in
spending from programs replaced in 1975, even though outlays for
block grants are increasing.
Department of Housing and Urban Development.—The community development block grant program, established in 1975, provides a
flexible system of Federal assistance to be used for activities developed
by local governments based on local priorities. Activities funded under
this program include property acquisition, construction of public facilities, rehabilitation of buildings, provision of social services, and
planning and management. The budget assumes that legislation will be
enacted to extend this program beyond 1977. Funds will continue to
be allocated by formula on the basis of objective measures of need.
However, for 1978, it is proposed that a dual-formula allocation
system be adopted. Metropolitan cities would be given the choice
of receiving their allotments based on either of two formulas: the
current formula, composed of poverty (50%), population (25%), and
overcrowded housing (25%); or an alternative formula, composed of
poverty (30%), loss of population from 1960-1973 (20%), and age of
housing stock (50%). The alternative formula is designed to address
the problems of physical deterioration in older urban areas not
addressed by the original formula. Also, in 1978, in order to increase
the States' role in this program, legislation is recommended to give
the States responsibility for the disbursement of all funds available
for nonmetropolitan communities. This would allow States to coordinate their own development activities with those supported by
block grants, resulting in more effective use of funds and improved
community development.
The proposed level of new commitments under the block grant
program in 1978 is $3.5 billion, $1.2 billion above the highest level
achieved under the seven categorical programs replaced with block
grants. Outlays reflect the rate at which State and local governments
carry out their projects and are expected to increase from $2.3 billion
in 1977 to $3.1 billion in 1978 and $3.4 billion in 1979.
Outlays for categorical programs replaced by block grants will
continue to decrease as approved projects are completed. Loan
disbursements from prior commitments under these categorical programs will also continue for several years.
136
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
The comprehensive planning program provides funds to States, local
governments, and areawide organizations for planning and management activities. Because the community development block grant
program also provides funds to local governments that can be used for
these activities, a reduction in the amount of categorical support for
planning is being proposed. In 1978, block grant recipients are expected
to use about $100 million for the kind of activities supported by the
comprehensive planning program. Outlays for the categorical comprehensive planning program are estimated to decline from $100
million in 1977 to $63 million in 1978 and $29 million in 1979.
The research program of the Department of Housing and Urban
Development supports the search for solutions to community development and housing problems. A major activity scheduled for 1977 is an
evaluation of the Section 8 Housing Assistance program. The 1978
research program also provides for analysis of such topics as property
disposition, neighborhood preservation and the management of local
governments. Outlays for these and other research projects are
estimated to increase from $59 million in 1977 to $60 million in 1978
and 1979.
Department of Agriculture.—The budget proposes $50 million in
new budget authority in 1978 for the Department of Agriculture's
water and sewer grants, primarily for assisting in the development
of water supply facilities. The budget authority requested for 1978
is $150 million below 1977 which reflects the increasing availability
of grant assistance for these types of activities from the Department
of Housing and Urban Development. In addition, the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) provides grants for the construction of
waste treatment facilities in both urban and rural areas, although
water supply facilities are ineligible for EPA grants, and legislation
is proposed to eliminate eligibility for collection systems. Outlays for
these programs in the Department of Agriculture are estimated to increase from $163 million in 1977 to $199 million in 1978 largely due to
prior-year commitments, and then decrease to $159 million in 1979.
District oj Columbia.—The Federal Government lends funds to the
District of Columbia for capital projects that cannot be financed by
the municipal borrowing authority provided by the Home Rule
Act. Outlays are estimated to be $176 million for such projects in
both 1977 and 1978 and decline to $127 million in 1979. (See the
revenue sharing and general purpose fiscal assistance function for
additional aid to the District of Columbia.)
Pennsylvania Avenue development.—The budget requests a supplemental appropriation of $29 million for 1977 and an additional $21
million in 1978 to begin the revitalizatiori of downtown Washington,
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
137
D.C., envisioned in the 14-year Pennsylvania Avenue development
plan approved by the Congress in May 1975. Development will take
place under the direction of the Pennsylvania Avenue Development
Corporation, in cooperation with private enterprise. Outlays for land
acquisition and development activities are estimated to be $26 million
in 1978 and $33 million in 1979.
ACTION.—Domestic volunteer programs in this agency include
Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA), University Year for
ACTION (UYA), older Americans volunteer programs, and a broad
range of special volunteer programs. Most of the volunteers work
on projects designed and operated by local organizations to meet the
needs of the disadvantaged in their communities. Where possible,
local financial support is sought. It is proposed that 1978 mark the
phaseout of the VISTA program and the beginning of the phaseout
of the UYA. Volunteers in these programs have been working in
communities for several years, sufficient time to demonstrate the
value of these volunteer programs. Communities that wish to continue them should be willing to bear the cost. This is especially true
because volunteers are substantially cheaper to use then regular
employees. The budget proposes that the older American volunteer
program continue in 1978 and 1979 to support the number of volunteers expected to be on the rolls at the end of 1977. Outlays for
ACTIONS domestic programs are estimated to decrease from $110
million in 1977 to $97 million in 1978 and $87 million in 1979.
Community Services Administration (CSA).—This organization primarily funds community action agencies, which administer service
programs for the poor. CSA, however, provides only a small share of
the total Federal assistance to community action agencies, which
receive substantial support for Head Start, employment training,
housing, and job opportunities from other Federal agencies. State
and local organizations must match CSA funds. For 1978, non-Federal
matching requirements will be maintained at 1977 levels—40% for
larger grantees and 30% for smaller grantees. The 1978 budget
strengthens community action agencies as a delivery system of Federal
assistance to the poor by increasing technical assistance, demonstration efforts, and evaluation, while eliminating CSA administered categorical programs that duplicate the authority of larger Federal programs. These categorical programs deal with energy conservation,
elderly services, and feeding and nutrition activities, which are also
covered by more comprehensive FEA home weatherization, HEW
Administration on Aging, and Agriculture food stamp and nutrition
programs. For 1978, budget authority of $398 million is requested
for CSA, $114 million less than in 1977. In 1978, $330 million, the
138
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
same level as in 1977, is requested for the local initiative program
which provides programmatic and administrative flexibility for community action agencies. Outlays for CSA in this function are estimated
to decrease from $528 million in 1977 to $448 million in 1978 and
$396 million in 1979.
Other.—Legislation is recommended to reorganize the Federal Government's planning responsibilities for the Nation's Capital, in order
to improve the coordination and public awareness of all federally
sponsored development activities. This legislation would provide for
the restructuring of the National Capital Planning Commission and
the elimination of unnecessary Federal involvement in local planning
matters.
Area and regional development.—Programs in this category
provide support primarily for rural development, American Indian
tribal governments, and Appalachian development. Budget outlays
for area and regional development are estimated to increase from $2.2
billion in 1977 to $2.3 billion in 1978 and then decline to $1.8 billion
in 1979, as temporary public works programs are phased out. Total
outlays, including the off-budget Rural Telephone Bank, are estimated
to be $2.4 billion in 1978 and $1.9 billion in 1979.
Department of Agriculture.—The Farmers Home Administration
(FmHA) provides loans for business and industrial development in
communities of less than 50,000 population, and loans and grants for
community facilities (including water and sewer projects) in communities of less than 10,000 population. Many of these communities
also receive Federal assistance under the community development
block grant program, as well as under other programs aimed at rural
development. New loan commitments of nearly $1.2 billion are
proposed for 1978. The termination of two small grant programs—rural
development grants and rural community fire protection grants—is
proposed because there are similar alternative sources of Federal
assistance available from the Department of Agriculture as well as
from several other agencies.
Outlays for FmHA area and regional development programs are
estimated to be $301 million in 1978, a $54 million increase over 1977,
and $308 million in 1979. The increase in outlays is due largely to
steadily increasing interest subsidy costs under the loan programs. The
present interest rates were established a number of years ago when
Treasury borrowing costs were substantially lower. In order to bring
this growth in interest subsidy under control, it is recommended
that interest rates for community facility loans be increased from the
present 5% statutory ceiling to a rate approximating Treasury
borrowing costs.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
139
The Rural Telephone Bank (RTB), an off-budget Federal entity,
provides direct loans to borrowers eligible under the Rural Electrification Act. Proposed new loan commitments of $160 million in 1978,
with other funds from the Rural Electrification Administration and
the Rural electrification and telephone revolving fund, should meet
the capital needs of the borrowers for furnishing and improving
telephone service in rural areas. While the RTB makes funds available
at subsidized interest rates (currently 7% per annum), the subsidy is not as great as that provided through the Rural electrification and telephone revolving fund. The loans, advances, budget
authority and outlays of the RTB are excluded from the budget by
statute. Legislation is proposed to include this and other off-budget
Federal entities in the budget beginning in 1979. Net outlays of the
RTB are estimated to be $92 million in 1978 and $89 million in
1979.
Department oj Commerce.—The Economic Development Administration (EDA) and the Regional Action Planning Commissions provide
assistance to economically depressed areas and assist States and communities in dealing with regional economic problems. In 1978, assistance will continue to be provided through existing EDA programs.
The outlays from the $2 billion local public works program enacted in
1976 reduces the need for EDA's regular public works program. Therefore, proposed budget authority for this purpose decreases from $166
million in 1977 to $75 million in 1978. Estimated outlays for the
temporary local public works program are $800 million in 1977, $803
million in 1978, $202 million in 1979, and $205 million in later years.
No budget authority is requested in 1978 for the counter-cyclical job
opportunities program (discussed in the education, training, employment and social services function) or the temporary local public works
program, except for necessary administrative expenses. The Administration believes that the job opportunities program and the local public
works program are inappropriate means of stimulating increased employment. The jobs created are temporary in nature and the projects
and services provided are not necessarily those that are high on the
list of priorities of the ordinary citizen. In contrast, the tax cuts
recommended by the Administration would improve incentives to
work and to invest and would provide permanent employment that
provides the goods and services valued most highly by the individual
taxpayer.
Proposed budget authority for technical assistance activities and
administrative costs of Regional Action Planning Commissions in
1978 is at the 1977 level of $40 million. The 1978 request includes $2
140
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
million for two new regional commissions. No budget authority is
requested for supplemental grants in 1978.
Funds are requested for the new coastal energy impact program,
authorized by the Congress in July 1976. Federal loans and loan
guarantees are to be provided to States and local governments,
beginning in 1977, to assist them in financing additional public
facilities and expanded services required as a result of coastal
energy development activities, such as Outer Continental Shelf
(OCS) oil development. Assistance is to be allocated to States
on the basis of anticipated energy-related new employment, population growth, and the estimated unit cost for new or expanded
infrastructure. For 1977 through 1979, a total of more than $400
million in Federal loans and loan guarantees is proposed to be made
available. Outlays are estimated to rise from $51 million in 1977 to
$80 million in 1978 and $120 million in 1979.
Indian programs.—The major objectives of Federal Indian policy
are to meet the trusteeship responsibilities of the U.S. Government,
to increase self-determination for American Indian tribal governments
and to encourage economic development on Indian reservations. To
further these objectives, the Indian Self-Determination and Education
Assistance Act of 1975 explicitly enables Indian communities to administer Federal programs serving them, pursuant to contracts with
the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). The budget proposes continuation
of grants, training, and technical assistance that serve to strengthen
tribal management and planning abilities and calls for new efforts to
evaluate BIA programs at the local level. Economic development
efforts are also assisted by BIA in the form of business development
assistance, direct Federal loans, and interest subsidies. The budget
proposes a major increase in budget authority in 1978 for irrigation
construction related to agricultural development objectives and
municipal water and power needs on selected reservations. Indian
trust funds are also included in this function, and they account for
approximately 25% of the outlays associated with Indian programs
in this function. Outlays for the Indian programs in this subfunction
are estimated to rise from $687 million in 1977 to $712 million in
1978 and $740 million in 1979. Additional assistance to Indian tribes
is classified in other programs in this function as well as in the health;
education, training, employment and social services; income security;
natural resources, environment, and energy; and general government
functions.
Appalachian programs.—The Appalachian Regional Commission
(ARC) provides a Federal-State decisionmaking mechanism in which
13 Appalachian States, from Mississippi to New York, and the Federal
Government jointly work to promote the economic development of
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
141
the region. The 1978 budget places increased emphasis on construction
of the Appalachian development highway system, which involves
corridor highways as well as access roads. To partially compensate
for the increased highway program, the 1978 appropriations requested
for nonhighway programs are reduced, reflecting the Commission's
relative priorities. Outlays for Appalachian development under the
auspices of the AKC are estimated to decline slightly from $334 million
in 1977 to $331 million in 1979.
Tax expenditures.—A tax incentive is proposed for new investments
in areas of high unemployment. This would encourage private sector
jobs and construction of new facilities or expansion of old facilities
in labor market areas where unemployment is 7% or more. Accelerated
depreciation would be allowed for nonresidential buildings and capital
equipment projects begun during calendar year 1977 and completed
within 36 months. This new tax expenditure would result in a revenue
loss of $205 million in 1978.
Disaster relief and insurance.—Insurance against losses from
such natural disasters as floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes is the
responsibility of individuals and businesses, with State and local
governments primarily responsible for aiding recovery. Federal insurance and disaster relief are available to supplement these resources
when they are insufficient. Outlays for disaster relief and insurance
are estimated to be $457 million in 1978 and $520 million in 1979.
National flood insurance.—This program is designed to reduce the
economic hardship resulting from floods. Flood insurance is available
on structures in communities with flood hazard areas that are willing
to take flood protection actions. Under the program, insurance is
provided at rates subsidized by the Federal Government. Communities
adopt flood plain management plans in order to qualify their citizens
for the insurance premium subsidies. There are currently more than
14,800 participating communities. By the end of 1978, it is estimated
that there will be 17,000 communities participating. Most of the estimated $201 million in outlays in 1978 and $255 million in 1979 will
result from the insurance premium subsidies.
Disaster reliej.—Under the Disaster Relief Act of 1974, disaster
relief in the form of grants to individual victims and block grants for
restoration of public facilities is provided. Outlays depend upon the
incidence and severity of uninsured losses from natural disasters and
are estimated to be $150 million in 1978. The Small Business Administration and the Department of Agriculture also provide loans for
disaster relief, and outlays for these programs are estimated to be $96
million in 1978, and $105 million in 1979.
142
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
MAJOR CREDIT PROGRAMS—COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
[In millions of dollars]
Agency and program
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
1978
estimate estimate
Community development:
Department of Housing and Urban Development:
Direct loan disbursements1
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
Loans to District of Columbia for capital outlay:
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments 2
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
440
388
899
2,799
162
13
0
938
2,481
362
260
912
1,611
362
3,428
61
8
115
11
1,075
80
1,155
15
7
1
4
1,317
15
7
]7
1,475
645
610
264
2,143
206
219
21
5
2,425
807
834
224
3,333
856
856
225
4,303
30
20
493
160
9
8
493
11
8
98
18
573
250
138
1
9
692
333
10
2
45
29
3
*
47
34
20
3
64
114
2
1
3
82
102
113
4
383
18
1
399
120
4
516
130
5
641
46
38
1,395
1
1
187
15
4
1,380
1
0
31
7
Area and regional development:
Farmers Home Administration:
Direct loan disbursements1
Direct loan repayments2
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
Department of Commerce:
Direct loan disbursements'_
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
Bureau of Indian Affairs:
Direct loan disbursements1
_
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
Off-budget Federal entity—Rural telephone bank:
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Disaster relief and insurance:
Small Business Administration:
Direct loan disbursements1
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
_
_
191
145
1, 392
11
*Less than $500,000.
New loans; does not include write-offs of loans, forgiveness credits, and other adjustments.
Includes sale of loan assets.
1
2
124
15
4
1,359
9
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
143
EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL
SERVICES
This function includes Federal programs intended to promote the
general extension of knowledge, enhance individual skills, and help the
less fortunate members of society prepare for and find jobs. Most of
the programs provide funds to State and local governments, which
administer the service activities. A smaller but still large portion
provides loans or cash grants directly to individuals and a minor
portion is used for projects that are run or contracted directly by the
Federal Government. Outlays for these programs are estimated to
decline from $21.1 billion in 1977, to $19.4 billion in 1978, and $18.1
billion in 1979. This decrease in outlays largely reflects the anticipated
improvement in the economy.
Budget Proposals
• Consolidate 23 separate education programs into a block
grant through the reproposed Financial Assistance for
Elementary and Secondary Education Act. This would
provide increased flexibility to States in the use of Federal
funds while continuing to emphasize the education of the
disadvantaged and handicapped.
• Provide $273 million in outlays for grants and technical
assistance to improve education in school districts that
are in the process of desegregating their school systems
and eliminating discrimination.
• Provide $1.8 billion in budget authority to give 2.1
million needy students basic opportunity grants of up
to $1,400 each to aid them in attending the college of
their choice.
• Explore ways to increase the numbers of minority and
women postsecondary education graduates.
• Restructure the education impact aid program to assure
that Federal funds go only to those school districts
burdened by Federal activities, as recommended in 1977.
• Maintain the temporary public jobs program in 1977, and
phase out in 1978.
• Maintain full support for block grants to State and local
employment and training programs.
• Increase the impact of the work incentive (WIN) program
by applying it to welfare applicants as well as recipients.
• Provide $2.5 billion in outlays for grants to States for
social services program.
144
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
EDUCATION
States and local governments have the primary responsibility for
public education; they will spend an estimated $120 billion for these
purposes in 1977, roughly 12 times as much as the Federal Government. The Federal budget for education is based on a policy of
helping to assure that all Americans have equal access to education
and providing funds for special educational services for the disadvantaged and the handicapped. Outlays for Federal education programs in this function are estimated to decline from $9.8 billion in 1977
to $9.6 billion in 1978 and $9.4 billion in 1979 as replaced programs
spend out and student assistance increases. Substantial sums are
provided for education in programs classified under other functions,
including, in 1978, $3.1 billion in outlays for veterans 7 educational
benefits, $1.5 billion for education programs in the Department of
Defense, and $372 million for education in the health professions.
Special Analysis I, Federal Education Programs, discusses all these
activities.
EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL SERVICES1
[In millions of dollars]
Program or agency
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Education:
Elementary, secondary, and vocational
education:
Financial Assistance for Elementary and
Secondary Education Act (proposed
legislation)
_
Aid to education agencies
Proposed legislation2
Child development
3,776
4,763
-3.621
525
Subtotal, elementary, secondary, and
vocational education
_
Outlays
1976
actual
1977
1978
1979
estimate estimate estimate
513
336
4,955
-322
525
2,765
4,734
-2,635
525
4,690
5,225
5,494
5,389
2,657
160
2,537
126
3,283
152
2,768
166
2,724
166
2,816
2,663
3,434
2,934
2,890
4,190
4,712
500
5,443
Higher education:
Student aid and institutional support
Special institutions
Subtotal, higher education
See footnotes at end of table.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
145
EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT. AND SOCIAL SERVICES ^-Continued
[In millions of dollars]
Program or agency
Research and general education aids:
Educational research..
Cultural activities....
Other.
Proposed legislation2.
__.
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Outlays
1976
1977
1978
estimate estimate estimate
1979
estimate
135
522
571
-154
80
332
362
111
529
460
118
577
512
-14
131
556
583
-112
Subtotal, research and general aids.—
1,074
774
1,100
1,193
1,158
Subtotal, education
9.333
8.127
9,759
9,621
9,437
1,887
2,358
1,000
3,276
307
3,355
365
3,312
365
-21
3,233
365
-21
693
269
547
129
636
693
693
4,275
6,288
6,842
5,349
4,270
420
301
380
415
424
4,695
6,589
7,222
5,764
4,694
2.542
850
2,258
742
2,730
803
2,542
839
2,622
839
606
456
600
625
625
5
-48
20
-85
20
3.456
4,138
3,977
4,020
—6
—5
—5
—6
—5
17,967
18,167
21,114
19,358
18.146
Training, employment, and labor services:
Training and employment:
Temporary employment assistance
General training and employment program activities
Work incentive program
Proposed legislation
Job opportunities program
Federal-State employment service
Subtotal, training and employment...
Other labor services
Subtotal, training, employment, and
labor services
Social services:
Grants to States for social services
Rehabilitation services
Services for the elderly and other special
groups
Proposed legislation (Financial Assistance
for Health Care Act)
Allied services (proposed legislation)
Subtotal, social services
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total
3,238
365
-21
-73
20
3.945
t Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977, and 1979 and data for the transition aunrtrr
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
3
Financial Assistance for Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
146
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Elementary, secondary, and vocational education.—These programs provide assistance to State and local educational agencies either
through formula grants or discretionary project grants. The greatest share of this assistance helps to educate the disadvantaged and
the handicapped.
Aid to education agencies.—Current Federal programs to help
State and local educational agencies serve their students require
submission of multiple funding requests and frequently result in unnecessary competition for categories of programs that do not fit the
needs of the community to be served. They also contain burdensome
recordkeeping and reporting requirements, which divert local administrations from their primary task of educating the young. Therefore,
the budget again proposes a Financial Assistance for Elementary and
Secondary Education Act to combine and simplify 23 of these Federal
aid programs into a single block grant. This block grant proposal
would enable State and local educational agencies to choose the programs that are necessary to solve their local educational problems,
while continuing the emphasis on using Federal funds to improve
education for the disadvantaged and the handicapped. Budget authority for this proposed act would continue to provide support at the
1977 level for the various programs proposed for inclusion, despite a
congressional increase of $431 million in 1977 over 1976.
For many years the Federal Government has been providing money
to school districts across the Nation under the impact aid program.
This program has been justified as compensating the districts for the
extra burden of educating children of Federal employees living and/or
working on Federal property. Occasionally, the ability of these districts to raise revenue from local sources has been reduced as the result
of a Federal acquisition of local property. However, much of the aid
now goes to districts where Federal activities do not place a burden
on the local communities' educational systems and, in fact, may
strengthen the tax base. Some of those currently receiving such aid are
among the wealthiest school districts in the country. Therefore,
reform is again recommended to limit Federal impact aid to those
districts where Federal activities impose a real economic burden on
the school system because Government property is not taxed. These
districts have a legitimate claim to Federal support; the others do
not. Outlays under the restructured program are expected to decline
from $847 million in 1977 to $496 million in 1978, and $417 million
in 1979. These estimates assume savings of $317 million in 1978 and
$446 million in 1979.
The budget estimates outlays of $391 million in 1978 to help
children with a primary language other than English, for aid to those
school districts that are in the process of desegregating their school
147
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
Flow of Federal Education Dollars
Before Consolidation
($3.8 Billion in Budget Authority in 1977)
Department of
Health, Education
and Welfare
Education Programs
Intermediaries
Recipients and
Beneficiary Groups
ELEMENTARY AND
SECONDARY
DISADVANTAGED
(8 SUBPROGRAMS)
SUPPORT AND
INNOVATION
HANDICAPPED
INCENTIVE GRANTS
STATE GRANTS
DEAF BLIND CENTERS
EARLY CHILDHOOD
SEVERELY HANDICAPPED
SPECIFIC LEARNING
DISABILITIES
RECIPIENTS
LOCAL EDUCATION AGENCIES
STATE EDUCATION AGENCIES
NON-PUBLIC SCHOOLS
PRIVATE AND NON-PROFIT
ORGANIZATIONS
OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
INDIVIDUALS
POST-SECONDARY INSTITUTIONS
REGIONAL AND ADULT
CENTERS
RESEARCH
MEDIA CENTERS
RECRUITMENT AND INFORMATION
SPECIAL EDUCATION
MANPOWER
REGIONAL AND ADULT PROGRAMS
GFFICEOF
EL UI'M 1 IUI1
STATE EDUCATIONAL
AGENCIES
OCCUPATIONAL VOCATIONAL
BASIC GRANT:
•STATE GRANT
WORK STUDY
LOCAL EDUCATIONAL
AGENCIES
SUPPORTIVE SERVICES:
-INNOVATION
-RESEARCH
DISADVANTAGE D
CONSUMER AND HOMEMAKING
STATE ADVISORY COUNCILS
PROGRAMS OF NATIONAL
SIGNIFICANCE:
-INNOVATION
-RESEARCH
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
-VOCATIONAL PERSONNEL
DEVELOPMENT
BILINGUAL VOCATIONAL TRAINING
ADULT EDUCATION
BENEFICIARY GROUPS
DISADVANTAGE!) STUDENTS
-ECONOMICALLY/
EDUCATIONALLY
NEGLECTED AND DELINQUENT
-MIGRANT
-HANDICAPPED
SEVERELY HANDICAPPED CHILDREN
AND ADULTS
CHILDREN WITH LEARNING
DISABILITIES
ADULTS
STUDENTS, INDIVIDUALS
ADVISORY GROUPS
LIBRARY RESOURCES
LIBRARIES
CONSOLIDATION
UNDERGRADUATE
INSTRUCTIONAL
EQUIPMENT
TRAINING
DEMONSTRATIONS
After Consolidation
($3.8 Billion in Budget Authority in 1978)
ASSISTANT
SECRETARY
FOR EDUCATION
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR
ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY
EDUCATION
BENEFICIARIES DESIGNATED
BY THE STATE
148
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
systems, and for assistance to States in establishing reading programs
aimed at eliminating functional illiteracy.
Child development.—Federal funds support research, demonstration and service programs aiding the development of preschool
children, including the prevention of child abuse. In 1978 and 1979
the Head Start preschool program for the disadvantaged is proposed
to serve about 349,000 children, 10% of whom are handicapped.
Outlays are estimated to be $525 million in both 1978 and 1979 compared to $513 million in 1977.
Higher education.—The
budget proposes that higher education
programs continue to emphasize direct aid to needy students to help
them afford a postsecondary education. The budget does not request,
funds for most institutional assistance programs, as well as other activ
ities where benefits do not flow directly to students.
The Education Amendments of 1976 increased the maximum
award in the basic educational opportunity grant program from
$1,400 to $1,800. The Budget proposes to provide for a more concentrated targeting of grants on low-income students when appropri
ations are insufficient to meet the $1,800 maximum award levels.
Estimated budget authority in 1977 is $1.9 billion. Requested budget
authority of $1.8 billion in 1978 will provide grants of up to $1,400 for
2.1 million undergraduate students in school year 1978-79. I n 1979,
the continuation of grants up to $1,400 will require an additional
$1.8 billion of budget authority in order to serve 2.1 million
undergraduates.
MAJOR CREDIT PROGRAMS-HIGHER EDUCATION
[In millions of dollars]
1976
actual
Office of Education programs:
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments
Direct loan outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
1
430
26
3,786
6,849
TQ
actual
129
7
3,907
6,859
1977
1978
estimate estimate
428
28
4,307
7,009
179
40
4,454
7,209
New loans; does not include write-offs of loans, forgiveness credits, or other adjustments.
Budget authority of $44 million in 1978 is requested for the State
student incentive grant program to provide assistance to 176,000
needy students. In addition, $250 million in proposed budget authority
for the work study program will help provide part-time employment
for 567,000 students in school year 1978-79.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
149
In order to assure an adequate supply of loan capital for students,
$281 million is requested in 1978 budget authority for the guaranteed
student loan program. This will help to provide $1 billion in loans to
aid about 1 million students in the 1977-78 school year. Outlays in
1978 for higher education special programs for the disadvantaged
(TRIO) include $3 million for the exploration of new ways to increase
the numbers of minority and women post-secondary education
graduates.
Special institutions.—The budget request of $15 million in 1978
outlays would allow the National Technical Institute for the Deaf to
operate at 100% of capacity; it is currently funded for 93% of capacity.
Basic support for the American Printing House for the Blind, Gallaudet College, Model Secondary School for the Deaf, and Howard
University is planned to continue at increased levels.
Research and general education aids.—The Federal Government
supports educational research and development, cultural activities and
special projects that focus on issues of national concern in education
and public broadcasting. Outlays for the National Institute of Education are estimated to increase from $88 million in 1977 to $94 million
in 1978, and $106 million in 1979—a 20% increase in 2 years. These
funds support educational research in such areas as basic skills, education and work, and educational equity. Support is also provided for
program development and dissemination of the results.
Outlays for the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities
are estimated to rise from $308 million in 1977 to $351 million in 1978
in support of diverse cultural activities, partly as a result of the new
Challenge grant program. This will provide a total of $169 million of
combined private/public funds to the arts and humanities in 1978. In
addition, the Smithsonian Institution is expected to spend $120 million in 1978. Noncommercial broadcasting will be supported by $107
million in outlays in 1978 through the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Federal funds will provide $2 for every $5 of non-Federal
contributions to national program production and local noncommercial stations.
Total outlays for research and general education aids are estimated
to be $1.2 billion in both 1978 and 1979 compared to $1.1 billion in
1977.
TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND LABOR SERVICES
The Federal Government gives money to State and local governments for programs to help individuals get jobs. These programs
provide job training, employment services, and temporary public
240-000 O - 77 - 11
150
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
service employment. In some cases, the Federal Government contracts directly with others to provide training or employment services.
It also sets and enforces minimum wage and other standards governing
practices in employment and labor-management relations.
Training and employment.—Although regular employment and
training programs have increased steadily over the past few years,
major variations in Federal outlays have resulted from temporary
programs to provide for public service jobs during a recession. The
budget proposes that outlays for employment and training programs
peak at $6.8 billion in 1977, then decline to $5.3 billion in 1978 and
$4.3 billion in 1979, because of the anticipated improvements in the
economy.
Temporary employment assistance.—The law enacted in December
1974 to provide grants to States and localities for public service jobs
expires in September 1977. States and local governments have financed
approximately 260,000 jobs under the law in 1975 and 1976. In
some cases, they used the aid to maintain their previous level of
services or to finance expansions they had hoped to provide within
their regular budgets. In others, they created temporary jobs for
the disadvantaged or those unemployed for long periods as a result
of the recession. Amendments to the basic law in 1976 require that
50% of the vacancies occurring within the level previously funded
be filled by the disadvantaged or long-term unemployed. A supplemental appropriation is requested to maintain the program in
1977 and to phase it out in an orderly manner in 1978. No outlays
for this activity are included for 1979. This phaseout is consistent
with the anticipated improvement in employment. It also reflects the
fact that public works programs already enacted and funded during
the recession provide aid to State and local governments and are
expected to continue to have significant outlays in 1978 and 1979.
General training and employment program activities.—Authorizing
legislation for grants under the Comprehensive Employment and
Training Act (CETA) expires at the end of 1977. It is recommended
that this program be extended and that the program be administered
so as to enhance the flexibility and discretion enjoyed by local program
sponsors. In 1978 and 1979, it is estimated that States and localities
will receive regular grants for programs under CETA at the 1977
outlay level of $2.1 billion. Approximately 490,000 training or work
experience opportunities would be provided each year, about the
same as in 1976. The actual number of opportunities provided in
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
151
1977, 1978, or 1979 will vary as the States and localities change their
plans to meet local conditions, and increase or decrease the proportion
of their total grants applied to institutional training, remedial education, on the job training, direct employment, job development, job
matching, vocational counseling, and supporting services. Appropriations for Indians, and for migrant and seasonal farm workers
increase from $114 million in 1977 to $135 million in 1978 since the part
of a statutory reserve that was not covered by 1977 appropriations
must be funded in 1978. The budget proposes reducing the total
appropriations available for use at the discretion of the Department of
Labor from $320 million in 1977 to $195 million in 1978. The present
total, resulting from the fixed percentage in the law, is far in excess
of the amounts needed or intended when CETA was enacted. It
is used for direct Federal programs that provided work and training
opportunities for the same people who are eligible for the programs
run by States and localities. The reductions would therefore help
avoid the problem of Federal programs competing and conflicting
with those run by States and localities. The amount requested is
sufficient to provide incentives for localities to join together to plan
and operate programs; to assure that changes in the distribution of
unemployment or in other factors in the formula for allocating grants
do not require precipitous declines in local programs; and, in special
cases, to enhance services to special groups in addition to those
provided by States and localities.
Continuation of the special summer youth employment program is
proposed through 1979. The actual amounts provided depend upon
the projection of }^outh employment in the summer months, which
the law requires be made every March. Preliminary estimates for the
summer program are $595 million in outlays for 1 million jobs in
1977, $525 million for 882,000 jobs in 1978, and $450 million for
756,000 jobs in 1979. The budget for the Job Corps supports 22,700
training opportunities in 1978 and 1979, the same number as in 1977.
Communit}^ Service Employment for Older Americans is budgeted
to continue at the 1977 level through 1979. In 1979 it is expected to be
financed through States and localities under the CETA authority, for
which appropriations would be increased accordingly.
Work incentive program (WIN).—Those receiving aid to families
with dependent children (AFDC) are helped to find jobs through
intensive employment services or, where necessary, through job
training programs. Child care and other supportive services help
enable recipients to seek and accept jobs. The budget for 1977 through
1979 would support the level of services attained in the last quarter
of 1976. In that year about 186,000 individuals were placed in
152
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
jobs under WIN. An estimated 220,000 individuals would be placed
in each of the next 3 years. Legislation is proposed to extend the
WIN job search requirement to applicants for AFDC, so that they
would be exposed to job opportunities before receiving welfare.
The legislation would also reduce the time after job placement during
which WIN supportive services are provided from 90 days to 30
days. WIN clientele are also eligible for the same services provided
under title XX of the Social Security Act. This proposal would save
$21 million in outlays in 1978 and 1979 resulting in total outlays of
$344 million in both years.
Job opportunities program.—Legislation was also enacted in December 1974 to temporarily accelerate or expand the increase in the
number of jobs for the unemployed. Federal agencies submitted
proposals to the Department of Commerce, which was allocated $500
million in 1975 and 1976 for this program. In 1977 and 1978, the
outlay levels of the programs previously supplemented are being set
through the normal executive and congressional budget procedures.
No further appropriations are requested for this program.
Federal-State employment services.—The State offices which provide
job-matching services for workers and employers are paid for entirely
by the Federal Government. A major study to define the role of a
government employment service in the labor markets of the next
several years is anticipated to be completed in 1979. In the
meantime, regular operations are to be maintained at the 1977
level. Outlays are estimated to be $693 million in both 1978
and 1979. A program to extend computerized job matching beyond
a few experimental sites was started in 1976 and is continuing in
1977. An appropriation is requested for this purpose in 1978, for use
if evaluations of the projects started in prior years show they are
worthwhile.
Other labor services.—The Federal Government establishes and
enforces standards affecting the relationship between employer and
employee. These standards apply to such aspects of employment as
minimum wages, overtime payments, equal pay for equal work, job
discrimination on the basis of age, and welfare and pension plan
operations. (Similar efforts relating to job safety and health are included in the health function, while those related to equal employment
opportunities for minorities and women are covered in the law enforcement and justice function.) The Federal Government also administers
laws designed to assure fair practices in labor-management relations,
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
153
and gathers and disseminates statistics on employment, and prices.
Outlays for these services are estimated at $415 million in 1978 and
$424 million in 1979, compared to $380 million in 1977.
SOCIAL SERVICES
Social services.—Grants to States jor social services.—Under title
XX of the Social Security Act, assistance is provided to States and
localities for the delivery of services to individuals and families
in order to promote their independence and self-support. States and
localities, which are responsible for determining the kinds and
levels of services to be delivered within Federal regulations,
provide a broad array of services ranging from family planning
and child care to transportation and services for drug addicts. Federal
outlays for this program are estimated to be $2.7 billion in 1977, $2.5
billion in 1978 and $2.6 billion in 1979. The enactment of the child day
care amendments in 1976 increased the $2.5 billion title XX ceiling by
$200 million for 1977 only. The increase between 1978 and 1979 is
due to an increase in the number of States utilizing their full title XX
ceiling.
Rehabilitation services.—Proposed 1978 outlays of $839 million
would help approximately 1.8 million persons with physical and mental
handicaps to become self-sufficient through employment. The same
level of outlays is estimated for 1979. A White House conference on
handicapped individuals is scheduled in May 1977 to stimulate an
assessment of problems facing the disabled.
Services jor the elderly and other special groups.—Outlays for these
programs in 1978 and 1979 are estimated to about $625 million in each
year compared to $600 million in 1977. Special programs for older
Americans will provide approximately 335,000 daily meals, an increase of 45,000 over 1977. These programs also provide services to
older persons that can prevent or delay the need for them to enter
nursing homes or similar institutions. Funds are also included to
continue demonstrating approaches to the provision of services that
meet the needs of special groups, such as Indians and Alaskan and
Hawaiian natives.
Allied services.—Legislation is again recommended to provide funds
for demonstration projects that would test the concept of integrating
the delivery of social services at the local level. This Allied Services
proposal is designed to assist State and local governments, as well as
private nonprofit agencies, to plan integrated human service programs
that are more responsive to the needs of individuals and families.
154
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
T A X EXPENDITURES
The income tax law provides significant benefits that have effects
similar to budget expenditures for education, training employment
and social services.
Education.—Support for students is provided by excluding scholarships and fellowships from taxable income, and by allowing parents
to claim personal exemptions for students over the age of 19 even
if the student's own tax return also includes the exemptions. Institutional support is provided by allowing individuals and corporations
to deduct contributions to nonprofit educational institutions. These
provisions are estimated to reduce the Federal receipts by approximately $2 billion in 1978.
Training and employment.—Employers are allowed a tax credit
of 20% of first year wages of employees who were AFDC recipients
when hired, including those placed under the WIN program. The
credit cannot exceed $50,000 plus half of the amount by which 20% of
first-year wages exceed $50,000. This provision is estimated to reduce
the Federal receipts by $15 million in 1978.
Social services.—The Tax Reform Act of 1976 eliminated the deduction provided under prior law for child and dependent care expenses
and substituted a tax credit of 20% of eligible expenditures up to a
maximum of $2,000 for one dependent and $4,000 for two or more.
This provision for maximum credit of $400 and $800 is estimated to
reduce budget receipts by $870 million in 1978.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
155
HEALTH
The health function includes programs that finance and provide
health services (primarily for the aged and poor), support health
research, pay for training of health care personnel, support prevention
and control of health problems, and finance health planning and construction. Outlays for Federal health programs are estimated to be
$43.2 billion in 1978, an increase of $4.0 billion, or 10%, over 1977.
Outlays in 1979 are expected to reach $46.7 billion, an increase of
8% over 1978.
Budget
Proposals
• Consolidate medicaid with 19 other health programs
through the reproposed Financial Assistance for Health
Care Act, giving States more flexibility to plan and administer programs to meet priority health needs—
particularly for the low-income population.
• Provide catastrophic protection for the elderly and disabled through reproposed medicare improvements legislat'on by limiting an individual's annual payments for
covered services to $500 for hospital and nuising home
care and $250 for doctors' fee? and increase medicare
cost sharing to provide catastrophic program funding and
to help assure that use of medical services is necessary.
• Restrain medicare costs through proposed legislation to
limit reimbursements to hospitals and physicians.
• Finance medical services to Public Health Service (PHS)
hospital beneficiaries through contract care, thus permitting the closure or transfer to community use of PHS
hospitals, that was previously proposed.
• Again propose transfer of St. Elizabeths Hospital to the
District of Columbia by 1980.
• Complete grants for the 5-year demonstration of health
maintenance organizations (HMOs), through which
Federal support will have assisted in the establishment
of over 100 HMOs.
• Establish a new $500 million federally guaranteed
insured loan program for graduate health professions
students under recently enacted legislation.
• Request a consolidated salaries and expenses account
to provide the Assistant Secretary for Health greater
flexibility in allocating staff resources for health programs.
156
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
HEALTH i
[In millions of dollars]
Recommended
budget
uthority
for 1978
Program
General health financing assistance:
Financial Assistance for Health Care Act
(proposed legislation)
Health care services:
Financing health services:
Medicare
Medicare improvements (proposed
legislation)
Medicaid
Subtotal, health care services
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
13,172
28,659
-11,816
1,939
-1,162
373
29,733
1979
estimate
12,302
17,779
21,991
8,568
10,229
-76
11,816
Proposed legislation 2
Other
financing
Proposed legislation 2
Providing health services directly
Outlays
1976
actual
-218
1,819
489
28,655
1,878
574
34,454
13,774
26,081
30,411
-1,784
-3,693
11,816
13,571
—11,816 —13,571
1,802 1,889
-463 -751
385
369
26,020
28,225
Health research and education:
Health research
Health education and training
2,049
390
2,278
808
2,171
591
2,049
574
2,045
409
Subtotal, health
education
2,439
3,086
2,762
2,623
2,454
research and
Prevention and control of health problems:
Consumer safety
Occupational safety and health
Preventing and controlling diseases
Proposed legislation 2
58
5
22
9
11
0
-79
42
7
26
3
25
5
52
2
26
7
28
9
53
5
22
9
16
2
-26
562
22
9
19
5
-67
Subtotal, prevention and control
of health problems
871
963
1,096
945
947
1,179
—157
186
200
424
552
523
1,094
-64
22
9
1,230
-181
21
5
1,208
752
947
1,322
1,304
—8
—8
—8
—8
—8
Health planning and construction:
Health planning 3
Proposed legislation 2
Health construction
St. Elizabeths Hospital construction
(proposed legislation)
Subtotal, health planning and construction
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total
1
47,416
33,448
39,251
43,205
46,696
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977, and 1979, and data for the transition quarter
are shown in Tables 14 and 15 of part 9.
2
Financial Assistance for Health Care Act.
3
Includes consolidation of most of the health agencies' salaries and expense accounts in 1978
and 1979.
THE
157
FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
Flow of Federal Health Services Dollars
Before Consolidation
($11.7 Billion in Budget Authority in 1977)
Department of Health,
Education and Welfare
6 Agencies
ALCOHOL. DRUG
ABUSE. AND
MENTAL HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION
CENTER FOR
DISEASE CONTROL
OFFICE OF
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL AND
REHABILITATION
SERVICE
Intermediaries
20 Programs
COMMUNITY MENTAL
HEALTH CENTERS
•
•
OflLlfll
DDI1ICPT
ALCOHOL PROJECT
AND STATE
FORMULA GRANTS
VENEREAL DISEASE
IMMUNIZATION
RAT CONTROL
LEAD PAINT
POISONING
PREVENTION
*
DEVELOPMENTAL
DISABILITIES
*
MEDICAID
STATE HEALTH DEPARTMENTS
STATE AGENCIES FOR WELFARE,
ALCOHOL ABUSE, MENTAL
HEALTH, CRIPPLED CHILDREN
STATE PLANNING AGENCIES
STATEWIDE HEALTH COORDINATING COUNCILS
LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS
HEALTH SYSTEMS AGENCIES
HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANIES
CENTERS FOR MENTAL HEALTH,
ALCOHOL ABUSE, MATERNAL
AND CHILD HEALTH, FAMILY
PLANNING, MIGRANT HEALTH,
EMERGENCY MEDICAL
SERVICES, COMPREHENSIVE
AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
SERVICES
PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND NON
PROFIT HEALTH CARE
CAPII ITICC Alin DDm/inCDC
FACiLlTlcS AND PROVIDERS
HEALTH RESOURCES
ADMINISTRATION
HEALTH SERVICES
ADMINISTRATION
Beneficiary Groups
HEALTH PLANNING
MEDICAL FACILITIES
CONSTRUCTION
COMMUNITY HEALTH
CENTERS
STATE HEALTH GRANTS
MATERNAL AND CHILD
HEALTH
FAMILY PLANNING
MIGRANT HEALTH
EMERGENCY MEDICAL
SERVICES
HYPERTENSION
HEMOPHILIA
HOME HEALTH
SERVICES
HANSEN'S DISEASE
PAYMENT TO HAWAII
ALCOHOL ABUSERS
MENTALLY ILL ADULTS AND
CHILDREN
SPECIAL "HIGH RISK" MINORITY
GROUPS
PERSONS WITH VENEREAL DISEASE
RESIDENTS OF RAT INFESTED
AREAS OF SELECTED CITIES
CHILDREN IN PRE 1950 HOUSING
IN SELECTED CITIES
PRE SCHOOL AND PRIMARY
CHILDREN NEEDING
IMMUNIZATIONS
DEVELOPMENTALLY DISABLED
INDIVIDUALS
RECIPIENTS OF AFDC ASSISTANCE
CERTAIN RECIPIENTS OF CHILD
CARE SERVICES
CERTAIN PERSONS ELIGIBLE FOR
BUT NOT RECEIVING AFDC
OR SSI
LOW INCOME PERSONS UNDER 21
CERTAIN CARETAKERS OF LOW
INCOME CHILDREN
CERTAIN FORMER MEDICAID
RECIPIENTS
SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY
INCOME (SSI) RECIPIENTS
MEDICALLY INDIGENT
MOTHERS
CHILDREN AND YOUTH
CRIPPLED CHILDREN
INDIVIDUALS SEEKING FAMILY
PLANNING SERVICES
MIGRANTS AND SEASONAL
FARMWORKERS
RESIDENTS OF SERVICE AREAS
HYPERTENSIVE INDIVIDUALS
HEMOPHILIACS
INDIVIDUALS DESIRING HEALTH
SERVICES AT HOME
INDIVIDUALS WITH HANSEN'S
DISEASE
After Consolidation
($13.2 Billion in Budget Authority in 1978)
ASSISTANT
SECRETARY
FOR HEALTH
FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE FOR
HEALTH CARE
STATE GOVERNMENTS
LOW INCOME
INDIVIDUALS
158
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
General health financing assistance.—The budget again proposes a health block grant to States through the Financial Assistance
for Health Care Act, which would consolidate medicaid and 19 other
health programs into a single program. Medicaid is an open-ended
grant program that assists States in providing medical care to their
low-income population. It is the largest program that would be
consolidated in the Financial Assistance for Health Care Act. The
estimated outlays for the consolidated programs are $12.3 billion in
1978 and $13.8 billion in 1979; proposed budget authority is $13.2
billion in 1978 and $13.8 billion in 1979. Budget authority for the
Financial Assistance for Health Care Act is proposed to be increased by
5% for each future year. The limit on Federal funding for this program should provide the States an incentive to control health costs
through improved program design and administration.
The block grant is designed to assure State flexibility to establish
and support—with required public participation—priority health
care services to needy populations. It would result in a more equitable
distribution of Federal funds among States for these health services.
States would have clear and unmistakable responsibility and authority to prevent fraud and abuse, as well as to undertake appropriate measures to hold down cost increases. Funds would be used
primarily to meet the health services needs of low-income persons in
accordance with State plans, but could also be used for other health
purposes.
Consolidation of 20 Federal health programs into one block grant
would overcome existing inefficiencies and inequities in Federal assistance to States and localities for health activities. Under medicaid, for
example, Federal payments vary by State from under $200 to over
$600 per recipient. Furthermore, current narrow categorical programs
inequitably single out selected segments of the population or communities from others in similar circumstances. In addition, the costs
of health services in some federally supported health centers are
substantially above private sector costs.
The recommended legislation provides for a gradual shift from the
current distribution of Federal funds to a more equitable one. The
block grant formula is based on the number of poor persons in the
State, overall State tax effort, and average State per capita income.
Under the proposal, no State would receive less than it did in 1977.
No State or local cost sharing would be required.
Health care services.—The largest Federal involvement in the
health sector is through the financing and provision of health care
services. Total outlays are estimated to decline from $34.5 billion in
1977 to $26.0 billion in 1978 and $28.2 billion in 1979, largely because
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
159
outlays for consolidation of medicaid and other health service programs into the single block grant discussed above are shown in the
general health financing assistance subfunction.
Medicare.—Under proposed legislation, medicare benefits would
be improved to protect 26 million aged and disabled Americans
against catastrophic medical costs. The proposed protection against
catastrophic expenses would not only spare from catastrophic expense
those of the elderly who actually suffered a prolonged and expensive
illness, but would also spare all of the elderly from feeling forced to
save against the contingency of a prolonged and expensive illness and
would, therefore, enhance the quality of their lives. The recommended
medicare improvements would limit cost-sharing for covered services
in 1978 to $500 for hospital and nursing home care and to $250 for
physicians' services. Medicare benefit limits on nonpsychiatric
hospital and nursing home stays would be removed. In order to be
able to afford to provide all medicare recipients protection against
the costs of prolonged illnesses, cost sharing would be increased
during the initial part of hospital stays. Beneficiaries would continue to pay the existing deductible representing a day's hospital
costs, but would also pay 10% of the remainder of hospital charges
up to $500 annually, including the deductible. For physicians' services,
beneficiaries would continue to pay an annual deductible (proposed to
rise as social security benefits increase) and the current 20% of
additional charges, up to $250, including the deductible.
The inflation of health costs has been particularly rapid since the
end of the economic stabilization program controls in April 1974. In
1976 alone, hospitals increased their charges by 13.4% and physicians
raised their fees by 11.4%. Federal health financing programs have
contributed to this inflation through reimbursement policies which
pay prevailing charges or "reasonable costs." Grant activities have also
fueled health cost inflation by creating and supporting excess capacity
and expensive health service delivery mechanisms. The recommended legislative improvements in medicare would limit increases in
hospital per diem costs to 7% annually and allow only a 7% increase
in reasonable charges by physicians in 1978 and 1979, not to exceed
the rates prevailing in each locality in 1977.
Present medicare reimbursement policies contribute to the costs
of maintaining empty hospital beds and underutilized equipment by
paying a share of those maintenance costs as part of the reasonable
cost reimbursement system. The legislative proposals for medicare
improvements would withhold from hospitals depreciation payments
not required for loan repayments, until States approve replacement or
expansion of those assets. Thus, medicare would finance only State
approved acquisitions of facilities and equipment.
160
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
In addition to supporting greater economy in the health care sector,
these measures would reduce medicare outlays by $1.8 billion in 1978
and $3.7 billion in 1979. Even with these restraints, medicare outlays
are projected to increase by $2.5 billion to $24.3 billion in 1978 and
by $2.4 billion to $26.7 billion in 1979.
Other financing.—Other Federal programs also pay for hea^h
services. Outlays for the health maintenance organization (HMO)
demonstration program are estimated to be $22 million in 1978. By
the end of 1978, the final year of the demonstration program, more
than 230 HMOs—including those that did not benefit from Federal
funds—will be demonstrating this alternative form of health care
delivery.
In 1978, obligations of $119 million are budgeted for the professional standards review organization (PSRO) program which
reviews the appropriateness of certain federally financed medical services. This includes obligations of $46 million for PSRO hospital review
costs that will be funded indirectly from the medicare trust fund. The
1978 request permits PSROs in all areas of the country to review
hospital admissions and gives high priority to the evaluation of
PSROs, so that the further development of this system can benefit
from past experience.
Tax expenditures.—Federal tax laws help individuals finance health
insurance by excluding from employee taxable income the health
insurance premiums paid by employers. They also reduce health
care costs to individuals by permitting itemized deductions for certain
health care expenses and health insurance premiums. In 1978, the
revenue loss from these tax expenditures is estimated at $5.8 billion
for employer contributions and $2.9 billion for itemized medical
deductions.
Providing health services directly.—In addition to financing medical
services, the Federal Government provides medical care directly.
In 1978, an estimated $437 million in budget authority is recommended—three times the amount in 1970—for the provision of
medical services to 564,000 American Indians and Alaska Natives
living on or near Federal reservations. This amounts to $775 per
eligible Indian or $3,100 for a family of four. This does not include
spending in other Federal health programs, such as medicare and
medicaid, for the care of Indians and Alaska Natives. Health status
indicators for the Indian population have improved dramatically
over the past 6 years. However, of the five leading causes of death in
which the Indian population exceeds the general population—in-
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
161
fluenza, cirrhosis of the liver, suicide, homicide, and accidents—
most are due to social and environmental rather than medical factors.
Legislation is recommended to close or transfer to community use
the eight Public Health Service general hospitals which provide care
to certain groups of beneficiaries. Care for eligible beneficiaries
would continue to be provided, but on a contract basis. Health care
of other Federal beneficiaries is also being provided. Health care for
Coast Guard personnel, retirees, and dependents, for example, is
being assumed by the Department of Transportation. The Department
of Justice is continuing its gradual assumption of responsibility for
providing health care to Federal prisoners.
Legislation is also recommended to transfer St. Elizabeths Hospital
(SEH) from the Federal Government to the District of Columbia by
1980. SEH serves District residents as a local psychiatric hospital;
more than 90% of its patients are from the District. Once the SEH
transfer is authorized, Federal funds of up to $100 million will be
requested for renovation and new construction. The Federal Government would continue to subsidize SEH operating costs at a declining
rate for several years after the transfer and would reimburse the
District fully for the treatment of Federal beneficiaries.
Outlays for the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) are estimated to be $33 million in 1978. The NHSC program in 1978 would
support 975 assignees in 453 sites to demonstrate ways in which
physicians and other health professionals can be attracted and retained
in shortage areas. Funding is not recommended in 1978 for continuation of the Division of Federal Employee Health which provides
consultation to Federal agencies establishing comprehensive health
programs for Federal employees. Most agencies have already established basic health services activities and additional activities are not
required. Estimated Federal agency contributions of $1.4 billion in
1978 for Federal employee health insurance premiums already cover
similar health services.
Health research and education.—Programs for health research
and education include support for biomedical, behavioral, and health
services research, as well as training and education of health care
personnel. Outlays in this subfunction are estimated to decline from
$2.8 billion in 1977 to $2.6 billion in 1978, and $2.5 billion in 1979.
Although program outlays will increase in 1978, these increases are
more than offset by a transfer of $484 million for research directly
carried on by health agencies to the consolidated salaries and expenses account under the Assistant Secretary for Health. This account
is shown in the health planning and construction subfunction.
162
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Health research.—Outlays for research are estimated to decline from
$2.2 billion in 1977 to $2.0 billion in 1978 and 1979. Nevertheless,
total research outlays—including funds for direct research transferred
to the Assistant Secretary for Health account—increase from $2.2
billion in 1977 to $2.5 billion in 1978. The budget request maintains
current levels of effort in major research areas such as cancer and
heart disease. The elimination of general purpose, noncompetitive
formula grants to research institutions is proposed in 1978 in order to
provide additional funding for competitive research grants. The 1978
budget includes support for health services research in areas such as
quality of care, cost containment and health insurance.
Budget authority for regular NIH competitive research grants
made to universities, clinics and medical centers is estimated to rise by
$55 million to $1.1 billion in 1978. This provides for an increase of 7%
in basic research, emphasizing areas such as immunology and genetics.
NIH research grants usually represent a 3-year Federal commitment.
For example, in 1978, $769 million of the $1.1 billion in budget authority requested for regular NIH grants will go to fulfill prior year
commitments.
Health education and training.—Total outlays for training health
professionals are estimated to be $574 million in 1978 and $409
million in 1979. This decline from the 1977 outlays of $591 million
reflects, among other factors, a reduction in project grants to health
professions schools. Direct Federal subsidies for such training are
not necessary since future growth in the number of health professionals
is already assured. In the 9 academic years from 1969 through 1977,
for example, medical school enrollments have grown from 35,833 to
an estimated 57,700, and the annual number of graduates has increased
from 8,059 to an estimated 13,960—increases of 6 1 % and 73%
respectively.
Capitation grants to medical and dental schools of $1,500 for each
medical, dental, and osteopathy student are requested for 1978. Schools
will be required to meet conditions designed to improve the specialty
distribution of health personnel. In the area of health professions7
student assistance, Federal scholarships will be limited to students
who undertake public service commitments. No direct student loan
assistance is requested. In 1978, however, health professions schools
will retain $20 million in loan repayments from earlier Federal grants
to school loan funds to use for new loans to students. A new program of
up to $500 million in federally guaranteed loans is requested for
1978. Students who ultimately benefit from the high-income opportunities arising from medical and dental education should finance a
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
163
greater share of their tuition costs, rather than having the public pay
for this tuition through Federal grants. New research training awards
will be limited to postdoctoral researchers selected through national
competition.
Prevention and control of health problems.—Outlays for prevention and control of health problems are estimated to decline from
$1.1 billion in 1977, to $0.9 billion in 1978 and 1979. The decrease of
$151 million from 1977 to 1978 in this subfunction largely reflects the
transfer of $100 million in salaries and expenses to the Assistant
Secretary for Health, not a decline in program activity.
A total of $553 million in 1978 outlays is estimated for consumer
safety programs, with emphasis on implementation of the medical
devices legislation enacted in May 1976. Outlays for activities to
assure the safety and efficacy of medical devices are estimated to
increase from $8 million in 1976 to more than $30 million in 1978.
Outlays of $100 million are proposed for the control of communicable diseases and preventive health services in 1978. Federal outlays
to improve the safety and health of American workers are estimated to
be $292 million in 1978.
Health planning and construction.—Outlays for health planning and construction are estimated to increase from $947 million
in 1977 to $1.3 billion in 1978 and 1979. The 1978 increase includes a
$885 million increase for consolidated salaries and expenses transferred to the Assistant Secretary for Health and a decrease of $366
million for health planning and facilities construction. In 1978, some
health planning and construction activities are proposed for inclusion
in the health block grant, which requires States to develop plans to
delineate priorities for health spending. States, would be allowed to use
block grant funds for construction consistent with those priorities.
Special Analysis K, "Federal Health Programs," in the special
analyses volume of the budget discusses all Federal activities related
to health, including those outside this function, such as health programs for military personnel and veterans.
164
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
INCOME SECURITY
Income security includes payments to families and individuals for
which the government does not receive any services in return. Included
are cash payments for retirement, disability, and unemployment and
social insurance programs, as well as food stamps, meals and housing
assistance for lower income families and individuals. This assistance
sustains or augments income and purchasing power.
Substantial additional Federal assistance related to income security
is classified in other functions, primarily national defense, health,
education, training, employment, and social services, and veterans
benefits and services.
Budget Proposals
• Assure the financial integrity of the social security trust
fund by increasing payroll tax rates and adjusting some
benefits.
• Limit the Federal subsidy for the railroad retirement
system.
• Reform the Federal employees workers' compensation
program administratively and legislatively to speed benefit payments and prevent abuse.
• Increase the number of households receiving rent subsidies to 400,000 in both 1978 and 1979.
• Permit localities to decide for themselves the extent to
which Federal housing subsidies are used for new or
existing housing.
• Repropose the Income Assistance Simplification Act to
permit income assistance programs to be changed to
promote equity, effectiveness, and consistency, and to
remove work disincentives.
• Provide food stamp benefits only to the needy.
• Combine 15 child nutrition programs into a single grant
to each State for needy children, as previously proposed.
• Phase out the Cuban refugee program.
Most income security programs and the overwhelming share of
income security benefits are related by law to changes in the cost of
living, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or some other
index. In this way, benefits are protected against inflation. Beginning
in 1977, two consumer price indexes will be published. The current
index, which was designed to measure the purchasing power of the
dollar for urban wage earners and clerical workers, will continue
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
165
to be published together with a new index that covers all urban households. The new index will cover about 80% of the population, double
that of the current index. Legislation is proposed to shift to the more
comprehensive all-urban index whenever the CPI is used in Federal
programs in making calculations or determinations, such as measuring
automatic cost-of-living increases for Federal programs linked to the
CPI.
Income security programs have grown faster than inflation and
faster than the budget as a whole. Outlays for retirement and disability programs are estimated to increase by 9.7% in 1978 and 10.0%
in 1979 under current law. Legislation proposed in the budget would
reduce these increases to 8.7% in 1978 and to 9.4% in 1979. Income
security outlays directly associated with unemployment—that is,
for unemployment compensation—are estimated to decline by $2.5
billion in 1978 and $2.9 billion in 1979.
Total budget outlays for income security are estimated to increase
from $138.1 billion in 1977 to $143.9 billion in 1978 and $152.8 billion
in 1979.
General retirement and disability insurance.—This category includes benefits paid out under the social security system for retirement
and disability, railroad retirement, and special benefits for disabled
coal miners.
Social security.—Social security is estimated to pay benefits to 29
million beneficiaries in 1978 and 32 million in 1979, including dependents and survivors. Benefit payments are estimated to total $82
billion in 1977, $89 billion in 1978 and $98 billion in 1979—an average
increase of 9.5% per year from 1977 to 1979. Of the total 1978 increase,
$5.5 billion is estimated to result from automatic CPI increases in
benefit payments. The remaining increase results from a net increase
in the number of retired people and an increase in the benefit base
(usually, average earnings) of the most recent retirees. The average
benefit for a retired worker is estimated to be $242 per month in 1978
and $261 in 1979, increases of 7.1% and 7.9%, respectively, over the
$226 monthly level of 1977. Total outlays for social security, including
administrative expenses, are estimated to be $83 billion in 1977, $91
billion in 1978, and $100 billion in 1979.
The total social security payroll tax rate, including the health
insurance tax, is now 11.7% (one-half paid by the employer and onehalf by the employee). Under the automatic adjustment mechanism
in current law, the amount of an employee's annual earnings subject to
the payroll tax rose from $15,300 in calendar year 1976 to $16,500
in calendar year 1977, and is expected to reach $17,700 in calendar
year 1978 and $19,200 in calendar year 1979.
The increased receipts that result from these changes in the tax
base are insufficient to maintain the necessary reserves in the social
security trust funds. Under current law, benefit payments from the
240-000 O - 77 - 12
166
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YElAR 19 78
INCOME SECURITY *
(In millions of dollars]
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Program or agency
Outlays
1976
actual
1977
1978
estimate estimate
1979
estimate
General retirement and disability insurance:
Old-age, survivors, and disability insuranceProposed legislation
Railroad retirement
Proposed legislation
Special benefits for disabled coal miners
Other
87,221
1,374
3,907
12
995
4
72,664
Subtotal, general retirement and disability
Off-budget
Guaranty
Federal
entity:
Corporation
_
Subtotal,
including
Pension
__
off-budget
3,475
83,393
-43
3,727
91,795
-998
3,896
101,360
-1,699
4,020
1,012
21
982
3
993
4
1,010
4
93,513
77.173
88,062
95,689
104,696
(-16)
(-22)
(-14)
(-16)
(-16)
Benefit
_____
(93,497) (77,151) (88,048) (95,673) (104,680)
Federal employee retirement and disability. _
16,888
8,174
9,662
11.094
12,486
Unemployment insurance. _ _
15,961
19,452
16,380
13,861
10.977
5,750
6,606
-63
24,598
5,627
-882
2,742
-787
835
-835
58
5,060
5,849
5,369
6,306
5,714
6,606
-63
3,711
2.952
5,594
4,754
-882
3,328
3,385
-1,012
835
856
-835
78
225
174
166
5.993
6,772
24,680
_
Public assistance and other income supplements:
Supplemental security income
AFDC and other _
Proposed legislation
Housing assistance
Food stamps
Proposed legislation
School lunch and other nutrition programs.
Proposed legislation
Earned income credit payments
Proposed legislation
Refugee assistance
_ _
Other
_ _
Subtotal, public assistance and other
income supplements
D e d u c t i o n s for o f f s e t t i n g r e c e i p t s .
._ ___ _
2.327
808
176
343
96
43,825
22,609
24,014
23,249
_.*
-1
_*
-93
4,558
5,822
-909
3,253
-924
52
156
_*
170,186 127,406 138,118 143,892 152,838
Total...
Total, including off-budget
entities
_..
2,493
5.632
Federal
_
(170,170) (127,384) (138,105)
(143,876) (152, 822)
*$500 thousand or less.
..
i Information on budget authority for 1976. 1977. and 1979. and data for the transition quarter
are shown in Tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
167
social security trust funds have been, and will continue to be, greater
than the contributions collected from employers and employees. Thus,
the trust funds cash balances are shrinking.
Therefore, the budget includes a series of proposed legislative
changes to restore the financial integrity of and to maintain the contributory nature of the social security system. The major changes
proposed are to:
• increase the combined employer-employee payroll tax rates by
0.2 percentage points on January 1, 1978 (in addition to the 0.4
percentage points increase scheduled under current law); 0.6
percentage points on January 1,1979, and 0.3 percentage points on
January 1, 1980;
• eliminate the provision that allows some new retirees to receive
an initial lump-sum payment that results in permanently reduced future monthly benefits;
• change the retirement test to an annual basis instead of a monthly
and annual basis; and
• phase out, over a 4-year period, the present student benefit.
These reforms would increase receipts by $1.4 billion in 1978 and $6.7
billion in 1979 and decrease outlays by $1.0 billion in 1978 and $1.7
billion in 1979.
In addition, legislation is again recommended to delete the inadvertent feature of the 1972 social security amendments that not only
assures new retirees of future benefit increases as the CPI rises, but
also—under present projections—raises the initial benefit levels more
rapidly than wages increase. Under this proposal, future initial
benefit levels would continue to reflect the general rise in covered wages
in the economy, and maintain the same proportion of a retiree's
prior earnings as at present. Benefits after retirement would continue
to be adjusted as the CPI increases. Benefits of those already retired
would not be affected.
Railroad retirement.—About 967,000 railroad workers receive
retirement and disability benefits from a separate contributory retirement system that is funded by both employer and employee contributions, but administered by the Federal Government. Railroad
retirement outlays are projected to be $3.9 billion in 1978, an increase
of $169 million over 1977 and to increase further to $4.0 billion in
1979; total outlays for railroad retirement include $34 million a year
for administration. Aveiage benefits are estimated to increase from
$351 per month in 1977 to $368 per month in 1978. Social security
taxes paid by railroad employees and employers are estimated to
increase $12 million in 1978 and $58 million in 1979 under proposed
legislation to raise social security tax rates. Starting in 1975, this fund
was supplemented by contributions from Federal geneial revenue
168
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
funds. The budget also proposes to limit the railroad retirement system
general fund subsidy to $250 million (annually) through the year 2000.
Special benefits for disabled coal miners.—The Coal Mine Health and
Safety Act established monthly benefit payments to coal miners who
are totally disabled from pneumoconiosis, to widows, and to their
dependents. Benefit payments increase with Federal salary levels and
are estimated to total about $1.0 billion a year from 1977 to 1979. I t
is estimated that an increase in the level of average benefits will be
partially offset by a reduction in the number of beneficiaries from
473,000 in 1977 to 452,000 in 1978.
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.—The Pension Benefit
Guaranty Corporation, an off-budget Federal entity, was established
under title IV of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974 to protect the vested benefits of covered pension plans. The
Corporation is required to pay costs out of income which consists
primarily of premiums and collections from employers terminating
plans. These employers are liable for the unfunded portion of benefits
to be paid by the corporation, up to 30% of their net worth. The
Corporation's income is estimated to exceed outlays by $16 million
in 1978 and 1979. The Corporation is conducting an actuarial study to
assess its current and future premium needs. Legislation is recommended to include the Corporation and other off-budget Federal
entities in the budget beginning with the 1979 budget.
Tax expenditures.—Under various provisions of the Federal income
tax law, there are tax expenditures relating to income of the aged.
Major provisions include exclusion of all social security and most
railroad retirement benefits from tax liability without regard to an
individual's income from other sources; the extra exemptions available
to persons 65 or over; and the tax credit for the elderly. The combined
benefits to the retired and elderly from these tax expenditures is
estimated to be $5.9 billion in 1978.
Other tax provisions assist the economic security of aged persons by
promoting private pension programs. The largest benefits result from
excluding employer contributions to and current earnings of qualified
pension funds from taxation. Taking into account deferred taxes
collected from present retirees, the net loss in receipts is estimated to
be $9.9 billion in 1978. The Employees Retirement Income Security
Act of 1974 increased the similar benefit for the self-employed and
allowed this tax benefit for the first time for employees not covered
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
169
by employer pension plans. These provisions will result in an estimated
tax expenditure of $1.5 billion in 1978.
Disabled persons benefit from the exemption from taxation of
disability insurance benefits under social security, of worker's compensation benefits, and of sick pay. In 1978, these provisions are estimated to reduce individual income taxes by $0.4 billion, $0.8 billion
and $0.1 billion, respectively.
Federal retirement
and disability.—Outlays
for Federal
retirement and disability are estimated to increase from $9.7 billion
in 1977 to $11.1 billion in 1978. Outlays for 1979 are estimated to be
$12.5 billion. These Federal programs are estimated to have 1.6 million
beneficiaries in 1978 and 1.7 million in 1979.
Until now the full costs of Federal civilian retirement systems have
not been paid for by Federal employing agencies. This is one of the
factors that contributes to the large annual lump-sum payment from
the Treasury to the civil service trust fund. Changes in financing all
Federal retirement systems that would provide for full funding of the
normal costs on a basis that more accurately reflects the eventual
payments to those who retire are planned for inclusion in the 1979
budget. Full funding includes anticipating the costs of future automatic increases in retirement benefits due to inflation and pay increases. Under this proposal costs determined on the full-funding basis
would be allocated to the Federal agencies that employ the personnel
covered by the retirement system who retire. The proposed changes
would become effective beginning in 1979.
An even more extensive change is being proposed for the military
retirement system, the details of which are described in the national
defense function.
For job-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths, the Department of
Labor provides tax-free cash and medical benefits under the Federal
Employees' Compensation Act (FECA). These costs are reimbursed
later by the responsible Federal agencies. Approximately 46,000
workers with long-term disabilities or their survivors are expected to
receive monthly payments in 1978, and 49,000 in 1979. Another
105,000 Federal employees in 1978 and 110,000 Federal employees
in 1979 are expected to have their regular pay continued for up to
45 days, mostly for short-term disabilities. Long-term benefits replace
a high proportion of lost wages and increase as the CPI increases.
Although Federal employment has been relatively stable for several
years, injury reports, claims and costs are rising at alarming rates;
for example, claims for long-term benefits have risen 43% in the
170
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
last 3 years. To ensure prompt claims processing, to reduce excessive
cost, and to minimize abuse and error, administrative reforms have
been started in the Department of Labor. In addition, amendments
to the Federal Employees' Compensation Act are recommended
to reinstate a short waiting period before disability benefits begin
and to speed resolution of appeals by limiting the time available to
a claimant to seek reconsideration.
The benefits structure of the Federal workers' compensation
system demands careful reassessment. The fundamental principle
that workers' compensation benefits should replace only an adequate
portion of lost income is seriously undermined by the current system.
For example, a Federal employee in the higher grade levels may
receive cash benefit payments which are higher than the take-home
pay of that employee prior to injury.
Unemployment
insurance.—Unemployment
assistance supports workers temporarily out of work while they search for a job. It
is estimated that an average of approximately 4.0 million workers
per week will receive unemployment assistance during 1977 and 3.2
million in 1978. Average benefits, which are not subject to Federal
tax, are estimated to increase from $73 per week in 1977 to $75
per week in 1978. Outlays foi unemployment compensation are
estimated to decline from $16.4 billion in 1977 to $13.9 billion in 1978
and $11.0 billion in 1979.
Under the Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1976
unemployment insurance coverage will be expanded effective January
1, 1978, to include 9 million additional workers, primarily State and
local government employees. With this change, some 97% of all
wage and salaried employment in the United States will be covered by
unemployment compensation. To maintain the insurance nature of
the program, the 1976 amendments increased the amount of wages
on which employers pay the Federal unemployment tax from $4,200
to $6,000, effective January 1, 1978. The amendments also temporarily
increased the net Federal unemployment tax rate effective January 1,
1977, from 0.5% to 0.7% to speed repayment of general fund loans
used to finance benefits beyond the normal 26 weeks during the past
recession. This temporary tax increase will expire when the loans have
been repaid.
Two temporary unemployment assistance programs enacted in 1974
in response to the recession will expire during calendar year 1977.
The Federal supplemental benefits (FSB) program provides up to
26 additional weeks of benefits (for a maximum of 65 weeks) to covered
workers who exhausted their full regular and extended benefits (up
to 39 weeks). This program has been discontinued in a number of
States because the unemployment rate among those covered by un-
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
171
employment insurance (the insured unemployment rate) dropped
below the level necessary for the States to qualify for this Federal
program. Benefits under the program will continue through March 31,
1977, with total estimated outlays for 1977 of $1.3 billion. FSB was
enacted because the average unemployed worker needs more time
to find a job during recessions than during periods of economic
expansion. Preliminary analysis indicates that 61% of FSB recipients
had family incomes above the poverty level even when FSB benefits
were excluded fiom their income. This raises the substantial question
as to whether public funds should be used for such an extended peiiod
of time to provide benefits to people who do not have to show need.
The temporary special unemployment assistance (SUA) program
pays up to 39 weeks of benefits to those who are not covered by regular
unemployment benefits. This progiam was extended through December 31, 1977, in order to assure that those workers who become
covered under the regular program on January 1, 1978, do not experience a gap in eligibility. Given the expected further economic recovery,
outlays are estimated to decrease from $0.5 billion in 1977 to $0.1
billion in 1978.
Unemployment compensation benefits are excluded from Federal
income taxes, resulting in estimated tax expenditures of $2.4 billion
in 1978.
The National Commission on Unemployment Compensation,
authorized by the 1976 amendments, will begin in 1977 to study and
evaluate the entire unemployment compensation program, including
its interrelationship with other programs.
Public assistance and other income supplements.—This subfunction includes programs that provide funds for special groups, and
provide food and shelter. Groups eligible for such special income
security include dependent children, the aged, the blind, and the
disabled. Food programs serve the low-income population, schoolchildren, and others. Housing programs provide shelter to low-income
families, especially in urban areas.
Supplemental security income.—The supplemental security income
(SSI) program, which replaced federally aided State assistance programs for the aged, the blind, and the disabled, is expected to provide
an estimated $5.0 billion in Federal benefit payments to 3.9 million
recipients in 1978, a $0.3 billion increase over the estimated $4.7
billion in Federal benefit payments provided to 3.9 million recipients
in 1977. An estimated $5.3 billion in Federal benefit payments will be
provided to 4.0 million recipients in 1979. Average benefits are
estimated to rise from $104 per month in 1978 to $112 per month in
1979. The total number of beneficiaries receiving Federal or federally
172
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
administered State supplements is estimated at 4.4 million in 1977,
1978 and 1979. Total outlays for SSI, including administrative expenses, are estimated to be $5.4 billion in 1977, $5.7 billion in 1978,
and $6.0 billion in 1979.
The combined effect of the requirements for determining eligibility
and computing prospective benefits every 3 months generates a substantial number of payment errors in the program. An additional
source of complexity and error is the more than a dozen different
variations in benefit payments associated with some federally administered State supplements. The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare—by intensively reviewing current management
practices, statutes, and regulations—is moving to reduce the number
of errors and to insure program integrity without sacrificing equity or
incurring substantial new program costs.
AFDC and related programs.—The program of aid to families with
dependent children (AFDC) assists States and localities in providing
public assistance benefits. Outlays for these grants are estimated at
$6.7 billion in 1979 compared with $6.5 billion in 1978 and with $6.3
in 1977. This small increase results from an anticipated moderate
increase in the average benefit payment, offset by an expected slight
decline of caseload. Errors and abuses are being reduced through closer
cooperation between the States and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in a quality control effort. The most recent analysis
indicates that 5.5% of AFDC families currently receiving benefits are
ineligible, 13.9% receive overpayments, and 5.2% receive underpayments. Legislation is proposed to revise the provisions for work-related
expense deductions, thereby establishing more uniform eligibility
limits. Legislation is also proposed to progressively reduce the Federal
share of the administrative costs of child support enforcement from
the present 75% to 50% by 1980; 50% is identical to the States' share
of administrative costs in associated AFDC programs.
Income assistance simplification.—Certain of the specific reforms
recommended for programs that provide benefits to individuals, are
steps toward a more rational system of income support for the poor and
needy. In the longer run, a more comprehensive approach is needed
that will avoid problems of inequity, different and unjustified eligibility requirements, and gaps in and overlapping of benefits. The
average beneficiary of income assistance payments is participating in
three major federally assisted benefit programs. There is evidence that
the cumulative benefits are very unevenly distributed among persons in
need, with substantial sums going to persons not in need. As a step
toward a more rational system, legislative authority is again requested
to simplify the administration of national income assistance programs.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
173
These modifications would be within carefully prescribed limits to
achieve defined objectives, and would be subject to congressional
disapproval. The total income assistance resources devoted to the
needy would not decrease through the use of this authority. Changes
in one program would be accompanied by other changes to the extent
necessary to assure that the overall income assistance effort is maintained. This proposed authority would permit the administration to
achieve greater consistency in eligibility requirements, benefit levels,
and related organization structures, and thus improve the delivery of
benefits. It would simplify and reduce the costs of administration,
assure more equitable treatment for all individuals and families in
similar situations, and promote work incentives for those who are
employable.
Housing assistance.—The Department of Housing and Urban
Development's (HUD) subsidized housing programs seek to provide
low-income families an opportunity to secure decent housing. The most
important of these programs—lower income housing assistance
(section 8) provides rental subsidies to participating families equal
to the difference between market rents and 15-25% of family income.
The rental subsidies are paid on behalf of tenants residing in newly
constructed, substantially rehabilitated, and existing units. The budget
proposes that, beginning in 1978, localities be given the opportunity
to decide for themselves the mix of existing, rehabilitated, and new,
units to be subsidized, taking into account their individual needs.
Other subsidized housing programs provide public housing, housing
for reservation Indians, and homeownership assistance (section 235).
The latter program helps families become homeowners by subsidizing
interest rates on home mortgages to as low as 5%.
The budget proposes authority to contract for housing subsidy
payments of up to $23.8 billion in both 1978 and 1979. This authority
would assist an additional 400,000 households in each year, compared
with an estimated 235,000 households in 1977. Moreover, in 1978 an
additional 100,000 households are expected to receive homeownership
assistance using authority already provided by the Congress. Assuming that tenant incomes and market rents rise at an annual rate of
5% during the term of the subsidy contract, average outlays per
unit of section 8 housing are estimated as follows:
• $358,000 over 40 years for publicly financed new construction;
• $91,500 over 20 years for private new construction; and
• $29,000 over 15 years for existing housing.
Subsidy payments on behalf of some 3 million units of subsidized
housing are estimated to reach $3.6 billion in 1978 and $4.5 billion
in 1979. Payments on behalf of local public housing projects account
for over one-third of these outlays—$1.7 billion in 1978 and $1.9
174
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
billion in 1979. Operating subsidies for local housing authorities are
estimated at $560 million and $630 million in 1978 and 1979, respectively. The budget anticipates that a new rent standard will be
incorporated in the formula used to determine operating subsidies.
The standard, which would be phased in over a 3-year period, would
assume that public housing tenants contribute the same share of
their adjusted income toward rent as tenants in section 8 projects
must pay. Additional assistance for existing public housing projects
will be provided under the modernization program; the 1978 budget
provides sufficient resources to maintain an average program level of
$420 million in budget authority for 1977, 1978, and 1979.
Total outlays for housing assistance are estimated to rise from
$3.0 billion in 1977 to $3.7 billion in 1978 and to $4.6 billion in 1979.
This is an annual rate of increase of 24%.
Food stamps.—The growth in the food stamp program from $70
million in 1966 to $5,632 million in 1976 was not planned in conjunction
with other income support programs for the poor. Nor were earlier
food programs such as school lunch and other child nutrition programs
changed to reflect the growth of food stamps; they also continued to
expand from $379 million to $2,327 million during the same period.
The food stamp program was designed to assure the needy an opportunity to purchase food for an adequate diet and to strengthen the
agricultural sector of the economy. The current program is plagued
with problems in determining eligibility, including:
• the use of an applicant's estimate of future income, rather than
the use of actual income;
• a complicated system of deductions from income; and
• a complex assets test with many exclusions.
Such eligibility requirements create opportunities for many who
do not need income support to seek food stamps.
Reforms of the food stamp program are proposed to assure that
benefits go only to needy individuals and families and to improve
program administration. These reforms reduce program costs by
approximately $0.9 billion in both 1978 and 1979 but would increase
benefits for those truly in need. The earlier these legislative or regulatory reforms are carried out, the greater the savings in 1977. Under
the proposed food stamp reforms, more than 13 million beneficiaries
are estimated to participate in this program in 1978. Total outlays
are estimated to be $4.8 billion in 1977, $4.7 billion in 1978 and
$4.9 billion in 1979. Average individual benefits are projected
to increase from $24 per month in 1977 to $30 per month in 1978.
School lunch and other nutrition programs.—These complex and
overlapping programs began as surplus commodity distribution pro-
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
175
gram in the 1940's. In 1977, outlays for school lunch and child nutrition
programs are estimated to be $3.4 billion.
Substantial portions of these outlays go to the nonneedy. It is
estimated that in 1977 over $660 million will subsidize meals for
children from families with incomes above $11,000. For example,
the Federal Government now provides subsidies of approximately
25^ for every meal served to children in most schools regardless of
family income. Programs that provide subsidies for meals served to
nonneedy children have grown rapidly. Benefits under these programs
are in addition to similar nutritional benefits available from the food
stamp program, which covers school-aged children as well as the
other members of the family.
The school lunch and other nutrition programs currently provide
benefits in the form of cash and food to: (1) subsidize lunches and
breakfasts served in schools to all schoolchildren regardless of income;
(2) subsidize meals in summer camps and other summer programs;
(3) subsidize meals served in residential child care institutions, day
care projects and juvenile detention institutions; and (4) supplement
the diets of pregnant women, infants, and young children.
Legislation is again recommended to provide consolidated block
grants to help States feed needy children. This proposal would replace the 15 existing fragmented, overlapping, and administratively
complex programs. The block grant program would provide
more funds to feed needy children than now available under existing
law, and result in substantial Federal savings by the elimination of the
subsidies to those who do not need them. States would have greater
flexibility and discretion to design feeding programs which reflect
local conditions and preferences. The excessive and unproductive administrative complexities generated by the present array of categorical programs with different requirements, standards, and regulations would end.
The block grant proposal would provide greater flexibility in
assisting an estimated 700,000 needy children who now do not receive
program benefits. It would enable States to provide one-third of a
needy child's daily nutritional requirement entirely from Federal
funds. Proposed outlays under the block grant total $2.2 billion in
1978 and 1979.
Cuban refugee program.—The Cuban refugee program was established in February 1961 to assist State and local governments in
meeting the emergency needs of Cuban refugees entering the United
States. Most of those who arrived are seeking the responsibilities and
privileges of citizenship. Since the inception of the program, approximately $1.2 billion in Federal health, welfare, and educational
assistance has been provided to State and local governments for bene-
176
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Flow of Child Nutrition Dollars
Before — Categorical Programs
($3.2 Billion in Outlays in 1978)
Department of
Agriculture
Programs
Intermediaries
Beneficiaries
BASIC SCHOOL LUNCH
SPECIAL ASSISTANCE
(FREE AND REDUCED
PRICE LUNCH)
NON FOOD ASSISTANCE
(EQUIPMENT)
SCHOOL BREAKFAST
(BASIC, REDUCED
AND FREE)
SPECIAL MILK
(BASIC AND FREE)
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
SERVICE
CHILD CARE FOOD
(BASIC, REDUCED
AND FREE)
SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTAL
FOOD FOR WOMEN
INFANTS AND CHILDREN
STATE EDUCATIONAL
AGENCY
STATE HEALTH AGENCY
STATE DISTRIBUTING
AGENCY
LOCAL EDUCATIONAL
AGENCY
LOCAL HEALTH AGENCY
LOCAL WELFARE AGENCY
PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND
NON-PROFIT
RESIDENTIAL CHILD
CARE INSTITUTIONS
PUBLIC, PRIVATE AND
NON-PROFIT SCHOOLS
(ELEMENTARY AND
HIGH SCHOOLS)
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
NON-PROFIT CHILD
CARE PROGRAMS
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
NON-PROFIT SUMMER
FEEDING PROGRAMS
CHILDREN IN
SCHOOLS AND
INSTITUTIONS
SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING
FOR WOMEN. INFANTS
AND CHILDREN
COMMODITY
DISTRIBUTION
STATE ADMINISTRATIVE
EXPENSES
(BASIC AND SUMMER)
After — Consolidated Block Grant
($2.2 Billion in Outlays in 1978)
FOOD AND
NUTRITION
SERVICE
CHILD NUTRITION
REFORM PROGRAM
STATE AGENCY
AND DESIGNATED
PROVIDERS
LOW INCOME
CHILDREN
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
177
fits and services to Cubans. Since the Cuban refugee population is
ceasing to present a special burden for State and local government
resources, a gradual and systematic phaseout of the Cuban refugee
program is proposed to begin late in 1977 and continue through 1981.
Earned income credit.—The Tax Reduction Act of 1975 provided
low-income families with children a credit equal to 10% of earned
income with a maximum credit of $400. When the credit exceeds any
taxes owed, the Government pays the difference to the family in
cash, and this payment is treated as a budget outlay.1 This credit
was applicable to incomes earned in calendar year 1975, with payments made the following spring. The Tax Reform Act of 1976 extended this credit through calendar year 1977. Under existing law,
therefore, outlays for this credit would be $0.9 billion in 1977 and $0.8
billion in 1978. Tax reductions of $0.2 billion in 1977 and $0.2 billion
in 1978 would also take place as a result of this credit. Because this
credit is not well integrated with the other elements of the welfare
system, the President is proposing to repeal it in calendar year 1977;
this would eliminate both the outlays and the reduction in receipts
for this credit in 1978.
1
The Congress, in its concurrent resolutions on the budget, treats this payment as an offset to
receipts rather than as a budget outlay.
MAJOR CREDIT PROGRAMS-INCOME SECURITY
[In millions of dollars]
Program
Public housing loans—construction:
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
Loans to nonprofit sponsors of subsidized housing:
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
1976
actual
278
266
42
13,607
*
*
2
TQ
actual
1977
1978
estimate estimate
5
0
3
4
5
8
13,727
*
2
600
600
58
14,992
600
600
58
16,361
6
4
4
8
8
4
*Less than $500 thousand.
New loans; does not include write-offs of loans, forgiveness credits or other adjustments.
1
178
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES
The Veterans Administration (VA) manages a number of programs
specifically designed to assist veterans, their dependents and survivors.
These programs help veterans readjust to civilian life after military
service, and compensate them for sacrifices they made while in service.
Budget Proposals
• Increase 1978 VA medical staff by 3,508 full-time employees, allowing improved care of veterans with serviceconnected disabilities and aged veterans.
• Begin construction on two replacement hospitals in 1978
and an additional two replacement hospitals in 1979.
• Propose again legislation to require health insurers to
reimburse the VA for care of insured patients' non-serviceconnected disabilities.
• Propose legislation to limit travel reimbursement for
veterans treated for non-service-connected disabilities.
• Propose again legislation to eliminate veterans' burial
payments to the extent that they duplicate other federally
funded death benefits.
• Propose legislation to end the use of GI bill benefits for
education programs that do not promote readjustment
to civilian life, such as correspondence courses and flight
training.
• Propose legislation to take account of the volunteer
nature of military service by terminating the VA housing
entitlement for future entrants into the Armed Services.
The 1978 budget reflects policies that recognize two major changes
currently taking place in the veteran population:
• The voluntary nature of military service in the Armed Forces
of today, coupled with salaries that are sufficient to attract volunteers. This eliminates the justification for continuing many special
veterans benefit programs for future recruits.
• The aging of the veteran population. Even including future
volunteers, veterans age 60 and over are expected to increase from
14% of the total veteran population in 1975 to 32% in 1985. The
shifting age structure requires that the VA adapt its programs
to meet changing needs.
Outlays for veterans programs are estimated to be $18.4 billion
in 1977, $18.3 billion in 1978 and $18.0 billion in 1979. Growth in
some program areas is more than offset by declines in others.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
179
VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES i
{In millions of dollar si
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
1976
Actual
Outlays
1977
1978
Income security for veterans:
Service-connected compensation _
Non-service-connected pensions _
Other veterans income security
Proposed legislation (burial benefits)
National service life insurance trust fund__ _
U.S. Government life insurance trust fund. _ _
All other insurance programs
Insurance program receipts _
_ _
5,749
3,179
189
-80
993
38
2
-523
5,154
2,859
165
5,733
3,071
178
633
71
-72
-460
Subtotal, income security for veterans
9,548
Veterans education, training and rehabilitation:
Existing law .
Proposed legislation
Hospital and medical care for veterans:
Medical care and hospital services
Proposed legislation. _
Construction
Proposed legislation
Medical administration, research and other_
Subtotal, hospital and medical care
630
66
-11
-500
5,737
3,185
187
-80
690
70
-71
-523
5,665
3,134
186
-82
734
68
-69
-512
8,350
9,107
9,195
9,125
3,245
-525
5,531
4,138
3.812
-484
3.555
-532
2,720
5.531
4,138
3,328
3.023
4,736
-158
536
5
200
3,695
154
184
4,724
-158
361
2
205
5.007
-231
197
4,383
-19
303
5,319
4,046
4,851
5,135
5.441
-22
-43
-32
-231
85
-57
-7
-8
-7
-101
-132
-2
-4
-72
Subtotal, education, training and rehabilitation
-271
21
-239
583
4
27
554
540
582
4
25
26
573
3
27
614
578
565
603
612
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
18,200
18,432
18,388
18,279
17,960
Veterans housing:
Loan guaranty revolving fund. _ _ _
Direct loan revolving fund
ProDosed legislation
Other (HUD participation sales trust fund)
Subtotal, veterans housing
Other veterans benefits and services:
Administrative expenses and other
Proposed legislation
Non-VA support programs
__
Subtotal, other
.
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total
1979
__
458
2
205
26
1
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977. and 1979. and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
180
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Income security for veterans.—In addition to general Federal
income security programs, such as social security, special VA programs help certain veterans and their survivors maintain their income
when the veteran is disabled, aged, or deceased. Outlays for veterans
income security programs are estimated to total $9.2 billion in 1978
and $9.1 billion in 1977 and 1979.
Service-connected compensation.—Monthly compensation payments
are provided to veterans who are disabled as a result of military service.
The amount of the benefit is intended to relate to the degree to which
earnings are impaired as a result of disability. Dependency and
indemnity compensation payments are made to survivors of veterans
who die from service-connected injuries. Recently enacted legislation
provided benefit increases of 8% for veterans and survivors, effective
in October 1976. An estimated 2.6 million veterans and their survivors
will receive $5.7 billion in compensation benefits in both 1978 and 1979.
Non-service-connected pensions.—Pensions are provided to needy
wartime-service veterans who are aged or have become disabled subsequent to their military service, whether or not they have serviceconnected disabilities. Needy survivors of wartime-service veterans
also may qualify for pension benefits based on demonstrated financial
need. Recent legislation raised current pension rates by 7% effective
January 1, 1977. An estimated 2.3 million veterans and their survivors
will receive $3.2 billion in pension benefits in 1978 and $3.1 billion in
1979.
Burial benefits.—Families of deceased veterans who are buried in
private cemeteries rather than VA National Cemeteries may receive
allowances to apply toward the purchase of burial plots. Families of
deceased veterans also receive burial benefits to assist in defraying
veterans funeral expenses. Outlays for burial allowances are estimated
to be $148 million in 1978. This budget includes a proposal to eliminate
$80 million in payments for burial allowances in instances where
similar benefits are provided through other federally financed programs. Some of the programs providing burial benefits that VA payments duplicate are social security, public health service, and Federal
employees' compensation.
Life insurance.—Insurance programs for veterans and their survivors will provide $34 billion of coverage to 5 million families in 1978.
The servicemen's group life insurance program for military personnel
will provide $58.9 billion of coverage to 3 million families in 1978.
Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation.—The education benefits of the GI bill range from college courses to vocational and
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
181
on-the-job training. These benefits are designed primarily to assist veterans make the transition from military to civilian life by helping them
get the education they might have received had they not served their
country in a time of national emergency. Active duty servicemen and
widows and children of veterans who have died or been totally disabled
in military service also are eligible for these benefits. Service-disabled
veterans with significant disabilities can choose between regular GI
bill benefits or vocational rehabilitation training.
The budget anticipates that the number of trainees will continue
to drop in the future as the number of eligible veterans becomes
smaller. In 1978, 1.8 million GI bill trainees are expected to participate in the program, a reduction from 2.2 million in 1977. Outlays
are expected to continue to decline from the 1976 peak of $5.5 billion
despite an increase averaging 8% in GI bill benefits, enacted in
1976. Outlays are estimated to decline from $4.1 billion in 1977, to
$3.3 billion in 1978 and $3.0 billion in 1979. The budget estimates
take into consideration three legislative proposals that would result
in a savings of $484 million in 1978 and $532 million in 1979. These
proposals would:
• End new enrollments in general flight training and correspondence
courses. These forms of training do not promote the readjustment
of veterans to civilian life.
• Keturn the period of GI bill eligibility to 8 years from the
current 10 years, in order to focus the VA education program on
the period of readjustment from military service to civilian life.
Eight years was the norm for previous veterans readjustment programs, and is a reasonable period for the veteran's readjustment.
• Discontinue the VA education loan program, since funds for the
veteran's education are available from alternative federally
sponsored educational loan sources.
Recently enacted legislat'on discontinued entitlement for the traditional GI bill education program for veterans who first enter military
service after December 31, 1976. The legislation provides, instead, for
a new education program that will allow new members of the Armed
Forces to have $50 to $75 set aside from their monthly pay, with the
VA matching the amount on a 2 for 1 basis. The total will be returned
as educational benefits when the veteran enrolls in a training program.
Hospital and medical care for veterans.—The Veterans Administration operates a nationwide civilian medical care system that
includes 172 hospitals, 228 outpatient clinics, 90 nursing homes, and
16 domiciliaries in 1978. Outlays for medical programs are expected to
be $4.9 billion in 1977 and rise further to $5.1 billion in 1978 and $5.4
billion in 1979.
240-000 O - 77 - 13
182
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Medical care and hospital services.—The VA will continue to stress
the care of veterans with service-connected disabilities as well as
care of the rapidly growing population of elderly veterans in 1978
and 1979. To the extent that available facilities and staff are not
utilized fully by these veterans, services also will be available for
veterans unable to pay the cost of medical care. Proposed legislation seeks reimbursement to the VA from health insurers for treatment
of insured veterans' non-service-connected disabilities. This recognizes that an insurer's obligation to premium-paying veterans is no
different from its obligation to insured nonveterans. Additional
legislation is being proposed to limit travel reimbursement for those
veterans treated for non-service-connected disabilities. These legislative proposals would help focus VA resources on the provision of
quality care to those with service-connected disabilities and are
expected to save $19 million, $158 million, and $231 million in 1977,
1978, and 1979, respectively.
I n 1978, medical care for veterans will be improved through increased direct care staff and new and expanded medical programs. The
capacity of nursing homes will be increased by the addition of more
than 350 beds. VA will continue to introduce new procedures that
improve hospital care for veterans, such as streamlining the pharmacy
program and centralizing the scheduling of veterans for care. Other
special medical programs will target services on aging, physically
disabled veterans and veterans making the transition from hospital
care to their homes.
The 1978 budget provides outlays for medical research in such
varied areas as aging, spinal cord regeneration and adaptive equipment for disabled veterans. Two additional geriatric research, education and clinical centers will be opened, to provide further leadership
in meeting the needs of aging veterans. The budget also requests
outlays in 1978 and 1979 to sustain current commitments to health
manpower training programs and for a limited number of new training
grants in needed specialty areas.
MEDICAL CARE FOR VETERANS
Program indicator
Number receiving hospital care (thousands)
Staff-to-patient ratio for VA hospitals
Number receiving contract hospital care at VA expense (thousands). _
Number receiving extended care (thousands)
Outpatient medical visits (millions)
1976
actual
1,179
1.75:1
29. 3
72.1
16.4
1977
estimate
1,235
1.82:1
32.4
80.5
16.5
1978
estimate
1,285
1.84:1
32.4
84.3
17.5
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
183
Construction oj hospital and extended care facilities.—Record high
budget authority of $526 million is requested for 1978 to fund the
construction of VA replacement hospitals at Martinsburg, W. Va.,
and Portland, Oreg., and to complete Presidential commitments to
remedy deficiencies identified in the 1974 "Quality of Care Survey."
In 1979 budget authority is included to fund construction of replacement hospitals at Seattle, Wash., and Little Rock, Ark. Budget
authority requested for 1978 and 1979 also supports medical construction and renovation to correct present inadequacies and to provide a
variety of new health care facilities. For the first time a planning
process designed to prepare thoroughly major construction project
preliminary design and cost estimates is required before funds for
specific projects are requested. Finally, budget authority of $15 million
is requested in 1978 for grants to States for the construction of extended care facilities, permitting the establishment or repair of additional State veterans homes for the care of aging veterans.
Veterans housing.—In 1978 the VA mortgage loan guarantee and
direct loan programs are expected to assist 363,000 veterans to obtain
mortgage loans totaling $12.9 billion. Legislation is proposed to end
the housing entitlement for persons entering the Armed Services in
the future. Present-day recruits are paid wages that are competitive
in the labor market, and therefore, have the same ability as their
civilian contemporaries to set aside capital for this major investment.
CREDIT PROGRAMS-VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES
[In millions of dollars]
Program
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
Income security:
Insurance policy loans:
Direct loan disbursements l
Direct loan repayments 2
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
132
120
1, 142
35
27
1, 149
118
108
1,159
118
105
1,172
Education:
Direct loan disbursements *
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
6
1
7
8
22
1
2
22
399
459
1,681
64,116
102
141
1,631
64, 763
418
688
1,331
70,822
451
448
1,293
77, 369
1
15
*
1
Housing:
Direct loan disbursements1
Direct loan repayments 2
Direct loans outstanding, end of period
Guaranteed loans outstanding, end of period
1
New loans; does not include write-offs of loans, forgiveness credits, or other adjustments
2 Includes sale of loan assets.
184
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Other veterans benefits and services.—In 1976, government
agencies and private industry, led by Jobs for Veterans and the
National Alliance of Businessmen, focused their job opportunity
efforts on three subgroups of veterans: minorities, the young, and disabled. Activities in 1977 continue to concentrate on these groups of
veterans which are especially hard-hit by high rates of unemployment.
The Veterans Administration administers a National Cemetery
System for burial of eligible veterans, servicemen, and their survivors. Five new National Cemeteries (in California, New York,
Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Northern Virginia) are under development. Legislation is proposed to expand the number of burial sites
by providing grants to States for the establishment and operation of
veterans cemeteries.
Other activities in the subfunction include VA Headquarters and
nonmedical field administration. Outlays for all programs in this
subfunction are estimated to be $603 million in 1978 and $612 million
in 1979.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
185
LAW ENFORCEMENT AND JUSTICE
This function includes programs that support Federal courts and
the judicial system, provide police protection, contribute to the apprehension, prosecution, detention and rehabilitation of criminals,
and provide for Government representation in civil litigation. Federal
financial and technical assistance to State and local criminal justice
systems and legal assistance for indigent individuals are also included.
Budget Proposals
• Shift FBI investigative resources into activities aimed at
white collar and organized crime.
• Strengthen programs to reduce smuggling and domestic
traffic in narcotics and dangerous drugs.
• Increase litigative and investigative staff to handle new
workload.
• Construct new correctional facilities and expand existing
facilities to provide additional space for Federal prisoners.
Federal outlays for these purposes are estimated to increase by $77
million to $3.8 billion in 1978, including $827 million to assist State
and local governments. Federal outlays are estimated to be $3.8 billion
in 1979. Estimated outlays for State and local assistance programs
decline in 1979 and direct Federal activities increase modestly.
Further discussion of Federal activities in the law enforcement area
is contained in Special Analysis N, "Federal Programs for the Reduction of Crime."
Federal law enforcement
and prosecution.—Outlays for
Federal law enforcement and prosecution are estimated to increase
slightly in 1978 to a level of $2.2 billion. No significant changes are
anticipated in 1979.
Litigation.—Most Federal litigation, both civil and criminal, is
conducted by the Department of Justice. Staff increases are proposed
in 1978 for the Washington-based antitrust, criminal, civil, and tax
divisions. These proposed increases are intended primarily to handle
increased workloads resulting from the Speedy Trial Act, the Freedom
of Information Act, the Privacy Act, and the Tax Reform Act of 1976.
A 4% increase in the staff of the U.S. Attorneys' offices is proposed
to deal with growing civil and criminal caseloads.
186
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
LAW ENFORCEMENT AND JUSTICE *
[In millions of dollars]
Program or agency
Federal law enforcement and prosecution:
Litigation:
Justice Department
Legal Services Corporation and other
Enforcement:
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Drug Enforcement Administration
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
.
Customs Service
Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Secret Service
Other enforcement
Subtotal, Federal law enforcement
and prosecution
Federal judicial activities
Federal correctional and rehabilitative activities
Law enforcement assistance
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Outlays
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
1979
estimate
309
15
1
249
15
0
289
17
4
304
15
1
31
1
117
529
11
8
469
146
515
16
7
529
184
530
184
137
383
254
130
11
7
13
0
334
21
0
15
0
140
122
358
242
11
2
15
6
15
3
383
253
128
187
137
386
252
130
11
7
2,209
423
1,852
313
2,134
387
2,219
423
2,218
440
336
714
238
921
290
907
327
827
354
750
-6
-4
-6
-6
-6
3,677
3,320
3,712
3,789
3,756
1
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977, and 1979, and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
The Legal Services Corporation provides aid in noncriminal cases
for clients who are unable to afford legal services; outla}^s are estimated to be $90 million in 1978.
Enforcement.—The budget proposes a shift of resources within
Federal law enforcement activities to reflect changing priorities.
Increases in pay and other operating costs in bureaus and agencies
responsible for investigation and enforcement of Federal laws require
additional funds in 1978 and 1979 to maintain services at current levels.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation plans some decrease in employment in 1977. These personnel reductions will be partially offset by
increasing staff to eliminate the backlog of Freedom of Information Act
requests. In 1978, additional staff are requested to automate the FBI's
Identification Division; this should lead to significant personnel reductions by 1981. Outla}^ are estimated to increase by 3 % in 1978 to
$529 million.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
187
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) continues to focus
on high-level drug traffickers to disrupt distribution channels and
criminal organizations. The cooperative Federal-State-local drug task
forces are designed to assist State and local authorities in dealing with
street level drug abuse and are proposed for DEA funding in 1978.
Funds and staff are also requested to expand DEA's national drug
intelligence system.
In 1976, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms began an
intensive effort to curtail illegal commerce in firearms in three test
cities. A proposal to expand this program will be considered after
completion of tests in these cities. Liquor enforcement activities are
expected to be reduced further in 1978, reflecting recent declines in the
production of illegal liquor.
The U.S. Customs Service intends to focus new resources on narcotics smuggling at ports of entry by expanded use of mechanical detection devices and "sniffer dog" teams. This effort, coupled with increased staff to handle anticipated growth in import tonnage and
international travel and additional overtime costs resulting from new
legislation, would increase estimated 1978 outlays by $25 million to
$383 million.
The Immigration and Naturalization Service faces additional
work and higher operating costs in 1977 and 1978, in large measure
because of amendments to the immigration laws and other statutes.
Additional personnel are requested to staff new and expanded ports
of entry and to improve services to the public; outlays are estimated to
increase by 5% in 1978.
Constitutional guarantees of equality are enforced through civil
rights programs of the Department of Justice and other Federal
agencies. These programs are discussed in detail in Special Analysis
M, "Federal civil rights activities."
Federal judicial activities.—By law, budget estimates for the
Judiciary are forwarded to the Congress without change. For 1978,
the budgets of the Supreme Court, the appellate and district courts,
other activities of the judicial branch that are categorized in this
subfunction, and certain other judicial activities amount to $423
million, an increase of 9% from the 1977 level. By 1979 these outlays
are estimated to be $440 million, a 4% increase over 1978.
Federal correctional and rehabilitative activities.—Additional
incarceration space is proposed to relieve overcrowding, accommodate a larger inmate population and reduce the use of older, inadequate institutions. Funds are recommended to open one new facility and to expand two existing facilities. Funds are requested to
continue construction of youth facilities in Alabama, California, New
188
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
York, and the New Jersey-Philadelphia area, an adult institution in
New York, and a detention facility in Detroit. New construction of
adult institutions in the south central and west coast areas is planned.
Outlays are expected to increase by 13% in 1978 and by 8% in 1979.
Law enforcement assistance.—The Law Enforcement Assistance
Administration (LEAA) assists States and localities in improving
criminal justice systems. Proposed LEAA outlays for 1978 decline
by 9% from 1977 and by an additional 9% in 1979, as States and
localities are encouraged to assume the responsibility of operating
successful programs. Efforts to consolidate programs and focus
resources on projects with demonstrated positive impacts on crime
reduction and criminal justice system improvements will continue.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
189
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
The general government function encompasses basic Federal
activities including the legislative branch, the Executive Office of the
President, collection of taxes and similar revenues, and Governmentwide operations affecting property, supplies, and personnel. Budget
outlays for general government programs are estimated to increase
from $3.7 billion in 1977 to $3.9 billion in 1978 and $4.0 billion in 1979.
Total outlays for general government programs including the offbudget Federal Financing Bank are estimated to decline from $12.5
billion in 1977 to $9.9 billion in 1978 then rise to $10.2 billion in 1979.
Budget
Proposals
• Expand the audit and investigations of tax returns of
high level traffickers of illicit drugs.
• Accelerate repairs and major alterations of Governmentowned buildings to improve space utilization.
Legislative functions.—By law, the President's budget contains
estimates for the legislative branch as they are submitted by that
branch, without change. The legislative branch proposes to spend
$914 million in 1978 for the Congress, the General Accounting Office,
the Congressional Budget Office, and other activities classified in this
subfunction, an increase of 5% from 1977. By 1979, outlays for these
programs are estimated to be $898 million.
Executive direction and management.—Outlays for the White
House, the Executive Office of the President, and related activities are
expected to be $74 million in 1978, an 8% decline from 1977. The
President is proposing the extension of the Council on Wage and Price
Stability beyond its current expiration date of September 30, 1977, to
September 30, 1979. In addition to appraising the potential inflationary impact of policies and practices of the Federal Government,
the Council monitors wage and price levels in the various sectors of
the economy.
Central fiscal operations.—Additional resources are proposed to
permit the Internal Revenue Service to improve the matching of tax
returns and information documents. In addition, more investigations
are planned to be conducted into the tax returns filed by persons
identified as high-level drug traffickers as part of the President's
special emphasis on curtailing the flow of illicit narcotics. IRS staff
190
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
GENERAL GOVERNMENT >
[In millions of dollars]
Program or agency
Legislative functions
Executive direction and management
Central fiscal operations:
Collection of taxes
Other fiscal operations
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Outlays
1976
actual
1977
1978
estimate estimate
1979
estimate
837
74
677
68
868
80
914
74
898
73
1,881
250
1.682
116
1,801
182
1,884
240
1,897
242
2, 130
1, 798
1, 983
2,124
2, 139
339
113
95
107
328
110
358
111
356
113
111
9
228
214
117
151
142
195
219
175
112
4
228
156
109
5
174
301
563
454
545
500
589
-152
-272
-184
-152
-152
Total
3,904
Off-budget Federal entity: Federal Financing
Bank
(9,963)
Total, including off-budget Federal entities
(13,867)
2,927
3,731
3,930
4,016
(5,863)
(8,741)
(5,936)
Subtotal, central fiscal operations
General property and records management...
Central personnel management
Other general government:
Territories
Proposed legislation
Treasury claims
Other
Subtotal, other general government. _.
Deductions for offsetting receipts
(8,790) (12,472)
(6,233)
(9,866) (10,248)
1
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977. and 1979. and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
are also being increased in 1977 and 1978 to implement the Tax
Reform Act of 1976.
General property and records management.—For the General
Services Administration (GSA), the budget reflects an emphasis on the
use of existing space as opposed to new construction. Proposed
authority for the repair and alterations program increases from $61
million in 1977 to an estimated $205 million in 1978. This would be a
major step toward eliminating the backlog of GSA repair and alteration projects. A more equitable and realistic appraisal method is
being used to determine rental rates paid by Federal agencies to GSA
for space and related services. The new method makes GSA operations more comparable with the private sector. Provisions of the
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
191
Presidential Transition Act are in effect this year. Total 1977 budget
authority available for incoming and outgoing administrations is $3
million.
Central personnel management.—During the past year, pursuant
to the statute providing for quadrennial review, the Commission on
Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries furnished recommendations to the President on salary increases for high-level Federal
officials. Further discussion of the Commission's recommendations is
contained in the Allowances section later in this document. The
annual comparability pay adjustment for Federal civilian agency
employees is also discussed in the Allowances section.
To ensure that staffing procedures produce high-quality candidates
for Federal jobs on a timely and merit basis, the President recommends
that a comprehensive independent review of the Federal staffing
system be undertaken.
Budget authority for new Federal grants to State and local governments under the Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) is not
recommended beyond 1977 since the administration believes that the
States and localities should now have sufficient experience with this
program to determine what priority should be given to personnel
management improvement. To the extent that it has priority, it
should warrant their own financing or use of general revenue sharing
funds.
Other general government.—Outlays in this subfunction—which
includes assistance to U.S. territories, payment of claims and judgments against the Federal Government, various commissions, and
the Government Printing Office—are estimated to total $500 million
in 1978 and $589 million in 1979. Outlays for the Northern Mariana
Islands are estimated to increase from $10 million in 1977 to $16
million in 1978 as a result of the recently enacted Northern Mariana
Islands Commonwealth Covenant. In addition, an estimated $73
million will be provided to the government of the Trust Territory
of the Pacific Islands for government operations and to continue
capital improvements.
Federal Financing Bank.—The Federal Financing Bank (FFB)
was created by law in 1973 as an off-budget Federal entity. A major
purpose of the FFB is to consolidate, in one institution, the Government-guaranteed borrowing that occurs in the securities market,
thereby reducing interest costs to the Federal Government. The
FFB achieves that goal by acquiring loans guaranteed by Govern-
192
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
merit agencies that would normally be sold directly to the public.
In addition, the FFB makes direct loans under agency guarantee
programs. Agency loan sales to the FFB are counted as FFB outlays
and as offsets to the outlays of the agencies selling the loans. Since
the FFB is off-budget, such transactions reduce total budget outlays.
Legislation is being proposed to include the transactions of the
FFB in budget totals beginning with the 1979 budget. The FFB
also buys debt securities sold by several Federal agencies, but these
transactions are reflected in agency budgets rather than as FFB
outlays.
At the end of 1976, the FFB had 392 loans and advances outstanding
totalling $22.4 billion. These outstanding balances are estimated to
total $48 billion at the end of 1978. Further discussion is contained
in part 2 of this document and Special Analyses C and E in the
Special Analyses volume.
MAJOR CREDIT PROGRAMS—GENERAL GOVERNMENT
[In millions of dollars]
Program
Off-budget Federal entity—Federal Financing BankDirect loan disbursements1
Direct loan repayments
Direct loans outstanding, end of period 2
1
2
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
1978
estimate estimate
8,876
2,859
11,363
2,745
236
2,624
12,413 15,036 23,776
8,264
2,270
29,779
New loans; does not include write-offs of loans, forgiveness credits or other adjustments.
Includes loans guaranteed by other Federal agencies and programs.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION"
193
REVENUE SHARING AND GENERAL PURPOSE FISCAL
ASSISTANCE
This function includes Federal aid to State, local, and territorial
governments that is available for general fiscal support and may be
used at the State and local governments' discretion for a range of
purposes. Outlays are estimated to decline from $8.9 billion in 1977
to $8.1 billion in 1978 and $8.3 billion in 1979 reflecting the expiration
of the temporary Antirecession fiscal assistance fund.
Budget Proposals
• Fund the reauthorized general revenue sharing program
at $6.8 billion in 1978 and $6.9 billion in 1979.
• Provide a Federal payment to the District of Columbia
of $290 million in 1978.
• Conclude temporary emergency assistance for New York
City.
• Initiate a newly enacted program of payments to States
in lieu of taxes on Federal lands.
General revenue sharing.—General revenue sharing (GRS)
continues to be a key element of Federal Government support of
State and local governments. Full funding of the authorization,
recently extended through 1980 by the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Amendments of 1976, is requested. One-third of the $6.8
billion outlay request for 1978 will go to State governments and twothirds to local governments.
During the initial 5-3^ear program, $30.2 billion was distributed
to States and localities with minimal Federal restrictions. While
5% of the State and local governments have actually been able
to reduce taxes because of general revenue sharing assistance, 34%
reported that GRS enabled them to prevent increased taxes. General
revenue sharing funds are used primarily to help fund public safety
projects (24%), educational systems (22%), and public transportation
systems (13%). The uses, however, are as varied as are the specific
needs of the Nation's regions and its 38,000 States, cities, counties, and
townships. Local decisions on fund use range from the purchase of
recreational equipment for an isolated Alaskan Indian village to
investment in subway equipment in New York City. Each community
determines—with minimal Federal requirements—how GRS funds
will be spent.
194
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
The new 3%-year authorizations will distribute over $25.6 billion
through 1980 with a maximum of $6.9 billion per year. The principal
Federal requirements of this program seek to assure nondiscrimination and public participation in spending decisions.
REVENUE SHARING AND GENERAL PURPOSE FISCAL ASSISTANCE *
[In millions of dollars]
Program
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Outlays
1976
actual
1977
1978
estimate estimate
1979
estimate
General revenue sharing:
General revenue sharing payments
Administration
Subtotal, general revenue sharing
6,855
5
6,238
2
6,776
6
6,814
5
6,855
5
6,860
6,240
6,782
6,819
6,860
Other general purpose fiscal assistance:
Antirecession fiscal assistance
Payments to States from forest service
receipts
Payments to States and counties from
Federal land management activities
Payments to Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands from duties, taxes, and fees
Payments to the District of Columbia
Taxable municipal bond option (proposed
legislation)
Other
1,250
11
9
89
50
11
9
208
372
180
249
374
408
357
298
373
232
349
245
356
298
357
300
990
6
4
1
44
7
114
5
Subtotal, other general purpose fiscal
assistance
2,214
879
2,144
1,270
1,393
Total
9,074
7,119
8,926
8,089
8,253
1
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977 and 1979, and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
Other general purpose fiscal assistance.— In addition to general
revenue sharing, the Federal Government provides other funds with
minimal restrictions to States and localities.
Antirecession fiscal assistance.—The Public Works Employment Act
of 1976 created the antirecession financial assistance fund which
can provide up to $1,250 million in grants to States and localities
where the unemployment rate exceeds certain legislated standards.
This program is designed to assist areas where local unemployment
rates create fiscal hardships. As in general revenue sharing, one-third
of the funds are disbursed to State governments and two-thirds
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
195
to local governments. Payments are based on formulas which consider both the relative size of 1976 general revenue sharing payments
and the local unemployment rates.
This program is authorized only through September 30, 1977, and
it is estimated that all available funds will be spent before that date.
The budget does not propose extension of this program, which was
enacted to be a temporary aid to States and localities.
Other payments.—Some jurisdictions also receive payments from
the Federal Government based on percentages of receipts generated
from Federal property and lands. Receipts from the sale of
timber, mineral leases, grazing permits and other activities are
shared with the jurisdiction in which the moneys are generated.
Under a new law, Public Law 94-565, payments are provided to
local governments in lieu of taxes for certain Federal lands contained
within their jurisdictions. The Departments of Interior and Agriculture will return an estimated $565 million in 1978 and $616 million
in 1979 to State and local jurisdictions. In addition, Federal taxes and
other revenues generated or collected in the Virgin Islands and
Puerto Rico by various Federal agencies are returned to those bodies
for their fiscal support.
The District of Columbia's operating budget is financed by local
taxes and annual payments by the Federal Government in recognition
of the costs to the local government of the Federal establishment. For
1978 a Federal payment of $290 million, water and sewer reimbursement charges of $8 million, and a one-time allowance of $20 million
to put Federal reimbursements for water and sewer services on a current
basis are requested. A supplemental Federal payment of $20 million
for 1977 is also proposed to help finance general pay raises for most
city employees.
The District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental
Reorganization Act of 1973 (the "Home Rule Act") authorized the
city to issue short-term notes on its own behalf. Accordingly, interestfree cash advances from the U.S. Treasury to the District are no
longer warranted. The 1978 estimate provides for repayment of all
outstanding Treasury advances and anticipates that the city will
exercise its authority to borrow in the private market for short-term,
cash management purposes. Total net payments to the District are
estimated to be $298 million in 1978 and $300 million in 1979.
Public Law 94-143 established the New York City seasonal financing
fund and authorized short-term loans to that city through June 30,
1978. These loans may not exceed $2.3 billion at any time and must be
repaid at the end of the city's fiscal year and bear interest at a rate 1
percentage point above current Treasury borrowing rates. These
loans by the Treasury are purchased by the Federal Financing Bank
196
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
and do not presently appear in the Federal budget totals. The administrative costs of servicing these loans are shown in the budget.
The direct loan transactions are reflected in the budget schedules of
the Federal Financing Bank. See page 911 of Budget Appendix.
Major tax expenditures also provide fiscal assistance to States and
localities. The exclusion from taxable income of interest paid on State
and local obligations allows these governments to borrow at lower
interest rates, resulting in an annual interest savings of $3.6 billion.
The revenue thus foregone by the Treasury is estimated to be $5.0
billion in 1978, under current law. In addition, the deductibility of
State and local taxes from gross income allows individuals who
itemize deductions to partially offset their State and local taxes
through reduced Federal taxes; the revenue loss is estimated to be
$13.5 billion in 1978.
Legislation is proposed to provide an incentive to States and localities to issue taxable, rather than tax-exempt, State and municipal
bonds. Currently, interest income from most municipal securities is
not subject to Federal income tax, allowing municipalities to borrow
at lower interest rates. Under the taxable bond option, subsidies
would be provided directly to those State and local jurisdictions
opting to borrow money at the higher interest costs of the taxable
bond market. The Treasury would provide a 30% subsidy payment of
interest to the municipalities for issuing their debt securities on a
taxable basis. In addition, a maximum 20% subsidy payment is
proposed for those industrial development bonds, which are municipal securities that primarily benefit private concerns, for those jurisdictions that agree to issue taxable securities. Associated outlays of $44
million in 1978 would largely be offset by additional tax receipts.
Further discussion of this proposal is contained in Part 4, Budget
Receipts.
Most Federal grants to State and local governments are classified in
other functions of the budget because they are intended to meet
particular program objectives rather than provide general financial
support. Functions that include substantial funds for grants to State
and local governments are: natural resources, environment and energy;
commerce and transportation; community and regional development;
education, training, employment, and social services; health; income
security; and law enforcement and justice. The administration continues to support reform of grant programs by consolidating narrow
categorical grants into broad-based block grants. A detailed discussion
of Federal assistance to State and local governments is contained in
Special Analysis O, "Federal Aid to State and Local Governments,"
in the Special Analyses volume.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
197
INTEREST
Interest is the cost of borrowing or income from lending money.
This function includes both interest paid and received by the Federal
Government associated with borrowing to help finance Federal
programs. Budget outlays for the interest function are estimated to
increase by $1.7 billion in 1978, reaching a gross level of $39.7 billion.
By 1979, these costs will be an estimated $42.4 billion. These estimates
result from financing unified budget deficits of $57 billion in 1977,
$47 billion in 1978, and $12 billion in 1979 and from financing the
cumulative deficits of the past. They also include the effects of Federal
borrowing to finance off-budget Federal entities. The estimated
amount of additional Federal borrowing necessary for off-budget
operations is $11 billion in 1977, $9 billion in 1978, and $11 billion in
1979.
These outlay estimates are based on short-term interest rates of
4.4%. This rate is assumed constant during the forecast period. Although interest rates are unlikely to remain constant, their levels
are extremely difficult to predict. Accordingly, in making budget
estimates, it is assumed that they will remain at the levels prevailing
when the projections are made.
Interest costs are highly sensitive to changes in interest rates.
Assuming no change in the level of debt, a 3^ percentage point increase
in interest rates as of April of 1977 would increase 1977 interest
outlays by $0.3 billion, 1978 outlays by $1.4 billion, and 1979 outlays
by $1.9 billion.
A substantial portion of interest outlays is paid to trust funds on
securities held by the funds. Since the payment of interest is not made
to the public, but consists of transactions within the Federal Government itself, these amounts are deducted from budget authority and
outlays before arriving at unified budget totals. As shown in the
INTEREST *
(In millions of dollars]
Program
Interest on the public debt 2
Other interest
Total
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Outlays
1976
actual
1977
1978
estimate estimate
1979
estimate
44,600
-4.866
37.063
-2.474
42.000
-4.013
44,600
-4,865
47.300
-4.881
39,734
34,589
37,987
39,735
42,419
1
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977, and 1979, and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
2
Includes interest paid on the public debt held by Government investment accounts.
198
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
table below, net interest outlays—the interest function minus the
interest received by trust funds—are projected to be $31.1 billion in
1978 and $32.7 billion in 1979. These estimates of net interest include
outlays due to off-budget operations.
NET INTEREST
[In millions of dollars]
1976
actual
Outlays for the interest function
Interest received by trust funds
Net interest outlays
Deduct: Deposit of earnings by Federal Reserve System *__
Net impact 2
1
2
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
1979
estimate
34,589
-7,800
37,987
-8,201
39,735
- 8 , 659
42,419
- 9 , 700
26,789
5,451
29,787
6,000
31,076
6,400
32,719
6,800
21,338
23,787
24,676
25,919
Shown as budget receipts.
Net amount of interest to be paid from receipts or other means of financing.
In addition, Federal Reserve banks hold Government securities
as part of their monetary functions. The Federal Reserve banks
return most of the interest they receive on those securities back
to the Treasury as budget receipts. Those receipts are projected to
be $6.4 billion in 1978 and $6.8 billion in 1979. Deducting these
receipts from net interest totals results in a net impact on the budget
of $24.7 billion in 1978 and $25.9 billion in 1979. The net impact of
interest is the amount of interest that must be paid from receipts or
additional borrowing to meet Federal financing and off-budget
financing requirements.
A significant tax expenditure arises from the optional deferral of
interest income on U.S. savings bonds. Normally, the interest on
savings bonds would be taxed each year as it is credited, but by
terms of such bonds, the holder may defer paying the tax until the
bond is redeemed. The associated revenue loss is projected to be
$625 million in 1978.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
199
ALLOWANCES
Allowances are included in the 1978 budget to allow for statutory
pay increases for Federal civilian agency employees and unforeseen
requirements that may arise.
ALLOWANCESl
[In millions of dollars]
Program
Civilian agency pay raises
Contingencies for:
Relatively uncontrollable programs
Other requirements
Total
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Outlays
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
1979
estimate estimate
1,199
1,151
2,311
1,750
1,500
2,000
2,949
2,651
4,311
1
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977, and 1979, and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
The Federal Pay Comparability Act of 1970 provides a system for
annually adjusting Federal white-collar pay on the basis of comparability with the private sector. Major improvements in the system, proposed last year by the President's Panel on Federal Compensation,
were initiated by administrative action. These improvements included
the use of survey data with respect to secretaries and computer
operators and more representative weighting of the survey data.
An average increase in pay rates of 4.83%, as of October 1, 1976,
resulted from incorporating such improvements.
Based on recent private sector earn'ngs data and consistent with the
economic assumptions of this budget, the October 1977 and October
1978 Federal pay increases for white-collar employees are currently
estimated to average 6.5% and 6.25%, respectively, under the comparability principle. However, the President may propose an alternative plan to delay the effective date of the comparability adjustment
or for a different rate of adjustment. A final recommendation on each
October pay increase will be made in late summer after a review of the
recommendations of the President's pay agent, the Federal Employees
Pay Council and the Advisory Committee on Federal Pay, and a
review of the economic situation at that time.
The President's Panel on Federal Compensation recommended
further changes in the Federal pay system that require legislative
action. Legislation is required to carry out the recommendations for
reform of certain aspects of law governing wage-board pay rates which
currently result in blue-collar workers earning more than their private
200
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 78
sector counterparts. When enacted, the revisions in the wage board
system could result in an estimated saving of $42 million in 1978
budgets for civilian agencies. The Panel also proposed splitting the
present general schedule into two schedules and setting salaries in
the new clerical and technical schedule on a locality basis.
The Commission on Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries
has recently recommended salary increases for Cabinet officers, judges,
Congressmen, and other top-level Government officials. The salary
recommendations of the Commission are coupled with recommendations for a new "Code of Public Conduct" that would, among other
provisions, limit outside income. In accordance with the statute providing for quadrennial review procedures, salary rates recommended
by the President will go into effect during the first pay period 30 days
after transmittal of the budget to the Congress. These recommendations are contained in the Supplement to this budget. The rates may
be modified by a vote of either House of the Congress within that 30day period.
The allowance for relatively uncontrollable programs is assumed
to be zero since the probability of estimates higher or lower than the
budget estimates is equal. An allowance for other requirements is
included. This is not based on a specific list of future needs, but a
rough estimate taking into account past experience with unanticipated
requirements.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION
201
UNDISTRIBUTED OFFSETTING RECEIPTS
Offsetting receipts (which are shown in detail in budget table 12 in
Part 9 of the budget) are generally deducted from budget totals at the
function or agency levels. However, there are three such payments
that are extremely large and to include them at the function or agency
level would either present a distorted view of Federal program costs or
result in counting outlays twice under the unified budget concept.
UNDISTRIBUTED OFFSETTING RECEIPTS *
[In millions of dollars]
Program or agency
Employer share, employee retirement
Proposed legislation
Interest received by trust funds
Proposed legislation
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental
Shelf
Total
Recommended
budget
authority
for 1978
Outlays
1976
actual
-4,654 - 4 , 2 4 2
—16
-8,574 -7,800
-85
1977
1978
1979
estimate estimate estimate
-4,654
—16
-8,574
-85
-5,030
—77
-9,193
-507
-3,100
-2,500
-16,429 -14,704 -15,393 -16,429
-17,307
-3,100
-2,662
-4,592
-8,201
-2,600
1
Information on budget authority for 1976, 1977, and 1979, and data for the transition quarter
are shown in tables 14 and 15 of Part 9.
Employer share, employee retirement.—This
category is
composed of payments by Federal agencies to various employee
retirement funds. These contributions are outlays of the agency and
receipts of the respective retirement fund. They are deducted in
determining budget totals to properly reflect transactions with the
public. About two-thirds of these payments are to the civil service
retirement fund with the remainder paid mostly to the social security
trust funds.
Interest received by trust funds.—By law, most trust fund
balances are invested in Federal securities. The interest received by
trust nonrevolving funds is deducted from the budget totals, under
the unified budget concept, to reflect only transactions with the public.
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS).—
These estimates are largely made up of cash bonuses received from
the leasing of new OCS lands with promise of containing oil and
gas. Annual rentals on existing leases and royalties based on a percentage of the value of production are also included. The budget projections
assume that six scheduled OCS sales will be conducted annually in
1978 and 1979. No final decision will be made on any of those sales
until environmental studies and other requirements under the National
Environmental Policy Act have been completed.
PART 6
SELECTED ASPECTS OF
THE BUDGET
203
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE BUDGET
This part of the budget explains several topics that help place the
budget in perspective: budget authority, the relationship of budget
funds to changes in Federal debt, an explanation of differences between the original budget estimates of outlays under the relatively
uncontrollable programs and the actual outlays for these programs,
and a similar reconciliation for receipts estimates.
BUDGET AUTHORITY
The Congress must provide budget authority, generally in the form
of appropriations, before Federal agencies can obligate the Government to make outlays. For 1978, $480.7 billion of new on-budget
budget authority and $94.4 billion in new budget authority for offbudget Federal entities are proposed.
Of the new, on-budget budget authority proposed for 1978, $287.7
billion will require congressional action. The remaining $193.0 billion
will be available under existing laws. It consists mainly of trust fund
receipts, which in most programs are automatically appropriated by
existing law, and interest on the public debt, for which budget authority is automatically provided under a permanent appropriation
enacted in 1847. Most off-budget budget authority will be available
under existing law.
Not all of the new budget authority for 1978 will be obligated or
spent in that year.
• Budget authority for most trust funds authorizes the expenditure
of the funds' receipts from special taxes and contributions and
from Federal fund payments to the trust funds, to be
used as needed over a period of years for benefit payments and
other purposes specified by law.
• Budget authority for many construction and procurement programs covers the estimated full cost of projects at the time they
are started, although the outlays will occur over a number of
years as work on the projects progresses.
• Budget authority for the subsidized housing programs is equal
to the Government's maximum contractual obligation to pay
rental subsidies under contracts that extend over periods of up to
40 years.
• Budget authority for many direct loan programs provides financing for a period of years; budget authority for many insurance and
204
205
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE BUDGET
guaranteed loan programs consists of amounts to be used only in
the event of defaults or other claims made under the programs.
As a result of these factors, a substantial amount of budget authority
carries over from one year to the next. Most of this is earmarked for
specific uses and is not available for new program proposals.
Relation of Budget Authority to Outlays—1978 Budget
New Authority
Recommended
(or 1978
be spent in 1978
310.7
[243.1]
Outlays
in 1978
440.0
L3I9.31
480.4
[349.1]
m Unspent Authority
^
Enacted in
W
Prior Years
545.7
[385.3]
To be spent in
Future Years
399.2
[291.9]
Unspent Authority W
(or Outlays in
A
Future Years
W
568.9
A
[397.8]
W
As shown in the precedir^; chart, $129.2 billion of budget outlays in
1978, 29% of the total, will be made from budget authority enacted for
previous years. Conversely, $169.7 billion of the new budget authority
proposed for 1978, which is 35% of the total amount proposed, will not
result in outlays until future years. The relationships between budget
authority, obligations and outlays are discussed further in Part 7 of
the budget and traced in table 9 of Part 9.
Once budget authority is provided, the Congressional Budget and
Impoundment Control Act requires that any available amounts withheld from use must be reported to the Congress in rescission or deferral
messages. The Congress may require release of these funds by overturning the proposed deferral of budget authority or by not taking
action on the proposed rescission.1
1
See discussion in Part 7 of the budget.
206
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET FUNDS AND THE FEDERAL DEBT
The budget m a y be divided into two major groups of funds: Federal
funds and trust funds.
The Federal funds are derived mainly from taxes and borrowing
and are used for the general purposes of the Government. Most
of these funds are not restricted by law to any specific GovernBUDGET FINANCING AND CHANGE IN DEBT OUTSTANDING
[In billions of dollars]
Description
1976
TQ
1977
-66.5
-7.2
-13.0
-1.8
-57.2
-10.8
-47.0
-9.2
-73.7
-14.7
-68.0
-56.1
-8.0
-2.9
5.7
-1.0
—1.1
.7
-.5
*
.1
-*
—.2
.4
.1
—*
.5
Total, means of financing other than borrowing
from the public...
-9.3
-3.3
6.0
.6
Total, requirements for borrowing from the
public
Reclassification of securities *
-82.9
—.5
-18.0
-62.0
-55.5
83.4
18.0
62.0
55.5
2.7
1.4
.3
-1.6
-2.6
.6
.4
8.0
-.1
.3
13.3
-.8
4.3
-3.5
8.3
12.7
87.7
14.5
70.3
68.2
Budget surplus or deficit ( - )
Deficit ( - ) of off-budget Federal entities
_
_.
Total, surplus or deficit ( - )
1978
Means of financing other than borrowing from the
public:
Decrease or increase (—) in cash and monetary
assets
Increase or decrease (—) in liabilities for:
Checks outstanding, e t c . .
Deposit fund balances
Seigniorage on coins
___
Change in debt held by the public
Change in Federal agency investments in Federal
debt:
Federalfunds
._._
Trustfunds.._
Off-budget Federal entities
Total, change in Federal agency investments
in Federal debt
Change in gross Federal debt
*$50 million or less.
1
As of July 1, 1975, Federal debt held by the public increased by $0.5 billion due to a retroactive
reclassification of Export-Import Bank certificates of beneficial interest from treatment as asset sales
to treatment as debt.
ment purpose. The trust funds, on the other hand, collect certain
taxes and other receipts for specified purposes, such as the payment
of social security and unemployment insurance benefits.2
3
Data for Federal funds and trust funds are presented in Special Analysis B. "Funds in the
Budget." in Special Analyses, Budget of the United States. Fiscal Year 1978.
207
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE, BUDGET
The budget combines the receipts and outlays of the Federal
funds and trust funds and deducts the various transactions t h a t occur
between them. I t therefore generally displays the net transactions of
the Federal Government with the public. Thus, as is shown in the
previous table, the unified budget surplus or deficit is the principal
determinant of the change in Federal debt held by the public. 3 Since
1974, however, the deficits of the Federal Financing Bank and other
off-budget Federal entities have also become an important determinant
BUDGET TOTALS BY FUND GROUP
[In millions of dollars]
1976
actual
Budget receipts:
Federal funds
Trust funds
Interfund transactions
_.
Total budget receipts
Budget outlays:
Federal funds._
Trust funds
_
Interfund transactions
Total budget outlays
Budget surplus or deficit (—•):
Federal funds
Trust funds
Total budget deficit ( - )
Memorandum:
Outlays, off-budget Federal entities1
_
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
201,099
133,695
-34,789
54,085
32,071
-4,383
237,405
153,558
-36,918
258,926
170,515
-36,425
300,005
81,773
354,045
393,017
65,106 303,136
34,023 145,026
-4,383 -36,918
319,335
157,057
-36,425
269,969
131,286
-34,789
_
366,456
94,746
411,243
439,967
-68,870
2,410
-11,021
-1,952
-65,730
8,532
-60,409
13,459
-66,461
-12,973
-57,198
-46,950
7.196
1,767
10,785
9,156
Total deficit including off-budget Federal entities.. -73,657
-14,740
-67,983
-56,107
1
Off-budget Federal entities have no receipts. Virtually all off-budget outlays would be classified
as Federal funds outlays if they were restored to the budget.
of the change in Federal debt held by the public. As discussed in Part
2 of the budget, the transactions of the off-budget Federal entities
belong in the budget under basic budget concepts but have been
excluded from the budget under provisions of law and are not part of
either the Federal funds or the trust funds grouping. Were they to be
restored to the budget, virtually all transactions of off-budget Federal
entities would be classified as Federal funds transactions.
8
Federal debt held by the public includes debt held by the Federal Reserve System. At the start
of 1977. $96. 7 billion of debt held by the public was held by the Federal Reserve System.
208
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
The deficit expected for 1978 and the other factors noted in the
preceding table are estimated to increase the Federal debt held by
the public from $560.3 billion at the end of 1977 to $615.8 billion at
the end of 1978.
Gross Federal debt is the sum of the debt held by the public and
the debt held by the Government itself, such as the investments in
Treasury debt by the social security trust funds. The Federal funds
deficit is the principal determinant of changes in gross Federal debt,
but deficits of off-budget Federal entities also have an important effect.
Gross Federal debt is estimated to rise from $716.7 billion on September 30, 1977, to $785.0 billion on September 30, 1978. As indicated
in the lower section of the table on "Budget Financing and Change in
Debt Outstanding", $12.7 billion of this increase will be held by trust
funds and other Federal agencies, reflecting mainly the investment of
trust fund surpluses in Treasury debt.
The gross Federal debt consists almost entirely of securities issued
by the Treasury Department. However, a few Government agencies
are authorized to issue their own debt instruments to the public or to
other Government agencies and funds. This borrowing is part of the
gross Federal debt. At the end of the transition quarter the outstanding debt of such agencies that was held by the public was $11.7
billion. This debt is expected to fall by small amounts in 1977 and 1978
due to the operations of the Federal Financing Bank, which buys most
new issues of agency debt and finances its purchases through Treasury
borrowing. To prevent double counting, these holdings are not included in gross Federal debt. Consequently, the change in agency
debt is largely determined by the repayment of securities that have
matured.
Almost all Treasury debt issues are covered by a statutory debt
limit, but most borrowing by Federal agencies other than the Treasury
is excluded from this limit. The ceiling on the debt subject to limit is
temporarily $682 billion through March 31, 1977, then $700 billion
through September 30, 1977, but under existing law is scheduled to
return to the permanent limit of $400 billion on October 1, 1977. To
permit the Federal Government to meet its obligations, this ceiling
will have to be raised not later than September 30, 1977. Under the
Congressional Budget Act of 1974, the Congress is to include in its
concurrent resolution on the budget the appropriate level of debt and
the amount by which the debt subject to limit ought to be changed.
Debt subject to the general statutory limit is somewhat less than
gross Federal debt, primarily because of the agency debt excluded
from the general statutory limitation. Both debt concepts include
internally held debt, such as social security trust fund holdings of
public debt securities. Debt held by the public does not include such
internally held debt. At the start of fiscal year 1977 internally held
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE, BUDGET
209
debt amounted to $148.1 billion. Thus, debt held by the public was
much less than debt defined by either of the other two debt concepts.
Since trust fund surpluses are normally invested in debt securities
included within the general statutory limit, the Federal funds deficit
plus the deficits of off-budget Federal entities is the main factor
requiring increases in the debt subject to the statutory limit. 4
The Federal funds deficit in 1978 is estimated to be $60.4 billion,
and the off-budget Federal entities are estimated to require an additional $8.3 billion of borrowing subject to limit. As shown in the
following table, these two factors will account for most of the increase
in the debt subject to limit.
FEDERAL FUNDS FINANCING AND CHANGE IN DEBT SUBJECT TO LIMIT
[In billions of dollars]
Description
1976
actual
Federal funds surplus or deficit ( - )
Effect of outlays of off-budget Federal entities on debt
subject to limit
Total amount to be
financed
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
-68.9
-11.0
-65.7
-60.4
-7.5
-2.4
-10.7
-8.3
-76.4
-13.4
-76.4
-68.7
Means of financing other than borrowing:
Decrease or increase (—) in cash and monetary assets.
Increase or decrease (—) in liabilities for:
Checks outstanding, etc
_._
Deposit fund balances
Seigniorage on coins
—8.0
—2.9
5.7
.1
-1.1
.7
.1
*
.1
.5
-.2
.4
.3
*
.5
Total, means offinancingother than borrowing.
—8.2
—2.6
6.5
.8
-2.7
1.6
-.4
-.3
.4
—.5
.2
—1.6
—1.4
-87.3
-14.3
-72.0
-69.7
87.3
14.3
72.0
69.7
Decrease or increase (—) in Federal funds investments in Federal debt
Increase or decrease (—) in Federal funds debt not
subject to limit
Reclassification of securities 1
Total, requirements for borrowing subject to
debtlimit
_
Change in debt subject to limit...
*$50 million or less.
1
As of July 1. 1975, Federal debt held by the public increased by $0.5 billion due to a retroactive
reclassification of Export-Import Bank certificates of beneficial interest from asset sales to debt.
A substantial part of the Federal funds deficit—and, therefore, a
substantial part of the growth in debt subject to limit—is associated
with transactions between Federal funds and trust funds. These
4
Federal debt is discussed further in Special Analysis C, "Borrowing, Debt, and Investment,"
in Special Analyses. Budget of the United States Government. Fiscal Year 1978.
210
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
transactions consist primarily of Federal funds payments to trust
funds: interest paid on Treasury debt issues held by trust funds, the
employer share of employee retirement, the Federal payment to
finance the unfunded liability of the civil service retirement fund, and
other payments, mainly to social insurance trust funds—such as the
Federal Government's contribution for supplementary medical
insurance. The trust fund payments to Federal funds are relatively
small.6
BUDGET SURPLUS OR DEFICIT (-) BY FUND GROUP1
[In billions of dollars]
Description
1976
actual
Federal funds:
Transactions with the public2
Transactions with trust funds
1978
estimate
._.
_.
-31.0
-29.4
-11.0
-65.7
-60.4
-4.6
2.7
-21.6
30.1
-15.9
29.4
2.4
_
-35.3
-30.1
-25.8
28.2
Total
-8.3
-2.7
-68.9
Trust funds:
Transactions with the public
Transactions with Federal funds
Total
1977
estimate
-40.6
-28.2
Total
Budget total:
Federal funds
Trustfunds...
TQ
actual
-2.0
8.5
13.5
-68.9
2.4
-11.0
-2.0
-65.7
8.5
-60.4
13.5
-66.5
-13.0
-57.2
-47.0
1
For purposes of this analysis, payments from Federal funds to the general revenue-sharing trust
fund are treated as transactions with the public instead of transactions with a trust fund; and the
corresponding payments from the general revenue sharing trust fund to the public are accordingly
omitted. This is because the general revenue sharing trust fund has no independent source of funding,
and serves only as a channel through which a Federal funds payment is made to the public.
3
Includes some incidental transactions with off-budget Federal entities.
From 1966 through 1976, the cumulative Federal funds deficit was
$291 billion, of which $128 billion was attributable to transactions
with trust funds and the remaining $163 billion was attributable to
transactions with the public.6 A significant Federal funds deficit can
occur, as was the case in 1969, when there are surpluses in the unified
budget and in the transactions of the Federal funds with the public.
The relevant figures for 1976 through 1978 are shown in the table
above.
6
These transactions are shown in detail in Part 9. table 13; see the section of the table on interfund
transactions.
* See footnote 1 to the table, "Budget Surplus or Deficit by Fund Group", above.
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE BUDGET
211
RECONCILIATION OF ACTUAL AND ESTIMATED RECEIPTS
AND RELATIVELY UNCONTROLLABLE OUTLAYS
This section of the budget explains, for major programs that have
relatively uncontrollable outlays, the differences between their
actual 1976 and transition quarter (TQ) outlaj^s and the amounts
estimated in the 1976 budget, which was transmitted to the Congress
in February 1975. It also provides a similar explanation of the differences between actual and estimated receipts. These reconciliations
are required by section 601 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974.
Reconciliation of actual and estimated outlays that are
relatively uncontrollable.—Outlays are defined as relatively uncontrollable in any one year when the President's decisions in that year
can neither increase nor decrease them without a change in substantive
law. That is, under existing law these outlays depend generally upon
factors that are beyond administrative control, such as benefit payments to which beneficiaries are entitled by law or contractual agreements or other currently legally binding commitments that have
already been made.
The amounts estimated in the budget for relatively uncontrollable
outlays may differ from the actual outlays for a number of reasons.
For example, legislation may change benefit rates or coverage; the
number of beneficiaries under a program may differ from the number
estimated; and economic conditions (such as the interest rates required
for Federal borrowing) may differ from what was assumed in developing the outlay estimates.
The following tables show the differences between actual outlays for
relatively uncontrollable programs in 1976 and the TQ and the estimated amounts shown in the 1976 budget. The list of such programs
in these tables is consistent with Table 16 (Controllability of Budget
Outlays) in Part 9 of this year's Budget.
The February 1975 estimate of uncontrollable outlays did not
include the outlay effect of legislation then being proposed. This is
standard practice consistent with the definition of uncontrollable
outlays stated above. Where legislation was enacted that significantly
affected relatively uncontrollable outlays in 1976 and the TQ, it is
identified in the discussion below.
As the accompanying tables show, actual 1976 outlays for relatively
uncontrollable programs were $4.9 billion higher and TQ outlays were
$0.4 billion higher than originally estimated. Open-ended programs
and fixed costs were $8.0 billion above the original estimate for 1976
and $0.3 billion below the estimate for the TQ. Outlays from prior-year
212
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
contracts and obligations were $3.1 billion below t h e budget estimate for 1976 and $0.7 billion above the original estimate for the T Q .
Open-ended programs and fixed costs consist mainly of benefit p r o grams, grants, and subsidies for which eligibility is automatic or
fixed by law; interest p a y m e n t s ; and payments for t h e legislative
and judicial branches, which t h e President must—by law—include
in t h e budget as submitted and without change.
RELATIVELY UNCONTROLLABLE OUTLAYS FOR 1976
[In billions of dollars]
Description
February
1975
estimate
Open-ended programs and fixed costs:
Payments for individuals:
Social security and railroad retirement
_
Federal employees' retirement and insurance
(Military retired pay)
(Other)
Unemployment assistance
Veterans benefits: Pensions, compensation, education, and
insurance
Medicare and medicaid
__
Housing payments
Public assistance and related programs
Subtotal, payments for individuals
Net interest
General revenue sharing
Farm price supports (CCC)
Other open-ended programs and fixed costs
Total, open-ended programs and fixed costs
Change
from
1975
estimate
76.6
M6.3
1
(7.5)
(8.7)
18. 6
76.2
15.6
(7.3)
(8.3)
19.8
-.5
— 7
(-*2)
(-.5)
1.2
11.9
24.1
2.6
2
17.0
13.9
26.3
2.5
20.2
2.0
2.2
-.1
3.1
174.4
26.8
6.2
.6
8.8
7.2
.7
-.1
-.1
.3
216.9
8.0
23.5
30.5
19.1
31.8
-4.4
1.3
54.0
50.9
—3.1
12
12
Outlays from prior-year contracts and obligations: 3
National defense...
Civilian programs.__
Total, outlays from prior-year contracts and obligations...
Total, relatively uncontrollable outlays
Actual
12
167.2
26.1
6.3
.7
8.6
208.8
262.8
267.7
4.9
1
Based on controllability classification used in the 1978 budget. Uncontrollable outlays now include
$0.6 billion that was projected in February 1975 to result from automatic cost-of-living increases
under existing law.
2
Based on controllability classification used in the 1978 budget. Uncontrollable outlays now include
$1.4 billion that was projected in February 1975 for the child nutrition program. Beginning with the
1977 budget, this program was reclassified as relatively uncontrollable.
3
Excludes prior-year contracts and obligations for activities shown above as "open-ended programs
and fixed costs."
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE BUDGET
213
Most of the $7.2 billion and $0.8 billion underestimate in payments
for individuals for 1976 and the TQ, respectively, can be explained
by differences between assumed and actual economic conditions and
beneficiary levels, and by the effects of legislation enacted after the
budget was transmitted.
Social security and railroad retirement outlays, combined, were
$0.5 billion and $0.7 billion lower than originally estimated for 1976
and the TQ, respectively, largely because inflation was lower than
projected in the 1976 budget. The automatic cost-of-living increase in
July 1975—which was based on the increase in the Consumer Price
Index from the first quarter of calendar year 1974 to the first quarter
of calendar year 1975—was 8.0% rather than the 8.7% assumed in
the 1976 budget. The corresponding increase in July 1976, which
affected TQ outlays, was 6.4% rather than the 9.3% assumed in the
original estimate.
Outlays for Federal employees retirement and insurance were $0.7
billion and $0.2 billion lower than estimated for 1976 and the TQ,
respectively, with lower than projected inflation again being the major
reason. Military retired pay for 1976 and the TQ was overestimated
by $0.2 billion and $0.1 billion, respectively, and civilian employees
retirement was overestimated by $0.5 billion for 1976. During 1976
and the TQ, benefits for these programs increased whenever the Consumer Price Index went up by 3 % over the base period and maintained
that level for 3 months. The 1976 budget projected increases to
become effective in July 1975 (6.4%), January 1976 (5.5%), and
August 1976 (5.3%). The actual increases occurred in August 1975
(5.1%) and March 1976 (5.4%).
Even though the 8.0% unemployment rate during 1976 was close
to the 1976 budget estimate of 8.1%, outlays for unemployment
assistance increased by $1.2 billion and $0.6 billion from original
estimates for 1976 and the TQ, respectively. Public Law 94-45
extended the duration of unemployment benefits an additional 26
weeks to a possible total of 65 weeks of benefit eligibility. This was
responsible for most of the 1976 outlay increase. Federal employees
and ex-servicemen also benefited from this extension. Thus, outlays
for their compensation were underestimated by $0.5 billion in the TQ.
Actual 1976 outlays for veterans programs were $2.0 billion higher
than the 1976 budget estimate. Legislated increases for compensation
programs (ranging from 10 to 12%, effective August 1, 1975) and
pension benefits (8%, effective January 1, 1976), plus more beneficiaries than originally estimated, raised outlays for these programs by
$0.7 billion above the original estimates. Outlays for readjustment
benefits were $1.4 billion more than estimated. A 12% increase in
average cost per trainee resulted from an unexpected increase in the
240-000 O - 77 - 15
214
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
RELATIVELY UNCONTROLLABLE OUTLAYS FOR THE TRANSITION QUARTER
[In billions of dollars]
February
1975
estimate
Description
Open-ended programs and fixed costs:
Payments for individuals:
Social security and railroad retirement
Federal employees' retirement and insurance
(Military retired pay)
(Other)....
Unemployment assistance
__
Veterans benefits: Pensions, compensation, education, and
insurance
Medicare and medicaid
Housing payments
Public assistance and related programs
Actual
Change
from
1975
estimate
-.7
-.2
21.4
M.5
1
(2.1)
(2.4)
3.5
20.7
4.3
(1.9)
(2.3)
4.2
2.8
6.4
.7
M.6
2.9
7.0
.6
4.9
.7
_*
.3
43.9
8.6
1.7
.2
2.5
44.6
7.0
1.6
.7
2.6
.8
-1.7
—.1
.6
,1
1256.8
56.8
56.5
-.3
9.3
10.0
8.6
11.4
-.7
1.4
Total, outlays from prior-year contracts and obligations
19.3
20.0
.7
Total, relatively uncontrollable outlays
76.1
76.5
.4
Subtotal, payments for individuals
Net interest
General revenue sharing
Farm price supports (CCC)
Other open-ended programs and fixed costs
Total, open-ended programs and fixed costs
Outlays from prior-year contracts and obligations: 3
National defense
Civilian programs
12
_
12
(-•0
(-.*)
.6
*
•$50 million or less.
1
Based on controllability classification used in the 1978 budget. Uncontrollable outlays now include
$0.3 billion that was projected in February 1975 to result from automatic cost-of-living increases
mder existing law.
number of trainees enrolled full time, and a training load 35% higher
than anticipated.
Outlays for medicare were $1.4 billion higher in 1976 ($0.4 billion
higher in the TQ) than originally estimated and outlays for medicaid
were $0.8 billion higher in 1976 and $0.3 billion higher in the TQ than
originally estimated. The increased outlays for medicare resulted
largely from greater than anticipated increases in enrollee utilization
rates (for example, number of hospital days or physician visits per
enrollee) under the hospital insurance and supplemental medical
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE BUDGET
215
insurance programs. A higher than expected rise in medical costs
was the primary factor in the underestimate of medicaid outlays in
1976 and also affected medicare outlays.
The single largest difference between actual and estimated outlays
was the $3.1 billion underestimate for 1976 ($0.3 billion for the TQ)
in public assistance and related programs, which include public
assistance cash payments, food stamps, and child nutrition programs.
The main reason for the large increases was that many more beneficiaries participated in these programs than was originally estimated.
In the food stamp program, the original estimate of 16 million beneficiaries was 25% below the actual 1976 level of 20 million. In addition,
many States enacted higher public assistance benefit levels than
expected when the budget was submitted in February of 1975, resulting in higher Federal matching payments. The earned income credit
provision of the Tax Reduction Act of 1975, which was not recommended or anticipated in the 1976 budget, caused $0.8 billion of the
difference in 1976 and $0.1 billion in the TQ.
Net interest outlays were $0.7 billion higher in 1976 than estimated
in the 1976 budget. The original estimate assumed gross Federal
debt would reach $606 billion by the end of 1976. The actual end of
year figure was $631 billion, or $25 billion more than estimated.
Lower interest rates partially offset this. Short-term rates averaged
nearly 1 percentage point less than the rates assumed in February 1975.
Outlays for the interest function include interest on securities held
by trust funds. Thus, to arrive at net interest, interest received by
trust funds is deducted from interest function outlays to avoid doublecounting. In the 1976 budget, estimated TQ outlays for the interest
function were calculated on an accrual basis, while most interest
received by trust funds was calculated on a cash basis. Since most
trust fund securities pay interest in December and June, the earlier
treatment resulted in a $1.7 billion overstatement of net interest
outlays for the TQ. The estimate for TQ net interest outlays should
have been $7.2 billion. With this accounting correction, actual net
interest outlays were nearly the same as the revised estimate. This
was only a fortuitous coincidence, however, because the effects of
higher debt levels than originally estimated were offset by the effects
of lower interest rates than were used in preparing the original estimates. Gross Federal debt at the end of the TQ was originally estimated to be $617 billion but actual debt at the end of the TQ was $646
billion, or $29 billion higher than originally estimated; however,
interest rates were nearly 1 percentage point below rates assumed in
February 1975.
216
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Farm price supports increased by $0.6 billion over the original
estimates for the TQ. The main reason was expanded export credits.
The rest of the underestimate was due to the effects of domestic and
world supply and demand factors on commodity loans and of weather
on the disaster payment programs.
Other open-ended programs and fixed costs were underestimated by
$0.3 billion in 1976, largely due to increases in the legislative and
judicial branches, which raised 1976 outlays by $0.2 billion over the
original estimate.
Outlays from prior-year contracts and obligations for 1976 were
$3.1 billion lower than originally estimated in the 1976 budget.
National defense outlays in this category were $4.4 billion lower than
originally estimated, while civilian programs had outlays of $1.3
billion more than originally estimated. The major underestimates in
civilian programs were for the Department of Transportation ($0.6
billion), the Department of Labor ($0.5 billion), and the Environmental Protection Agency ($0.5 billion).
Analysis of fiscal year 1976 and transition quarter
receipts.—
As shown in the table below, receipts for 1976 were $2.5 billion
greater than the original budget estimate and receipts for the transition quarter were $2.6 billion less. Thus, for the 15-month period as a
whole, actual receipts were almost equal to the original budget estimate. The composition of receipts, however, was markedly different
from the original estimates, largely because legislated tax changes
were substantially different from those proposed in the 1976 budget.
COMPARISON OF FISCAL YEAR 1976 AND TRANSITION QUARTER RECEIPTS
[In billions of dollars]
1976
February
1975
estimate
Individual income taxes
Corporation income taxes
Social insurance taxes and contributions
Excise taxes
Estate and gift taxes
Customs duties
Miscellaneous receipts
Total
Actual
Transition quarter
Change
from
1975
February
1975
estimate
Actual
Change
from
1975
106.3
47.7
131.6
41.4
25.3
-6.3
37.9
38.8
0.9
9.5
8.5
-1.0
91.6
32.1
92.7
17.0
25.6
25.8
.1
10.9
5.2
4.1
8.0
6.2
1.3
1.1
2.8
4.5
1.5
1.2
1.6
-1.7
4.6
4.3
1.2
-15.2
.6
-.2
-2.9
297.5
300.0
2.5
84.4
81.8
-2.6
.2
.1
-1.2
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE BUDGET
217
On January 13, 1975, the President announced programs to stimulate the economy and reduce energy consumption. His economic
stimulus program included a partial rebate of calendar year 1974
individual income tax liabilities and an investment tax credit of 12%.
To reduce energy consumption, the President issued a proclamation
increasing import fees on petroleum products, and proposed a windfall
profits tax on domestic crude oil and an excise tax on domestic crude
oil and natural gas. To offset increases in receipts resulting from his
proposed energy tax program, the President planned to reduce individual and corporation income taxes and to increase Federal spending,
with the higher outlays directed toward those individuals and sectors
of the economy affected by increased energy costs but not compensated
by income tax reductions.
The Congress rejected the President's energy tax proposals—with
the exception of the proposed import fees on petroleum products,
which were put in effect temporarily by administrative action—and
passed an economic stimulus package, the Tax Reduction Act of 1975,
on March 29, 1975. This act modified the President's individual
income tax rebate and investment tax credit proposals, and provided a
number of temporary reductions in individual and corporation income
tax liabilities and a few permanent changes in the tax structure. The
Revenue Adjustment Act of 1975, enacted on December 23, 1975,
extended the corporation income tax rate reductions that had been
enacted in the Tax Reduction Act of 1975 and provided larger tax
reductions (at an annual rate) for individuals, in order to maintain
the withholding rates that applied during the last 8 months of calendar
year 1975.
Individual income taxes were $131.6 billion in 1976, $25.3 billion
greater than the original budget estimate and $38.8 billion in the
transition quarter, $0.9 billion greater than the original budget estimate. Differences in tax law from that proposed in the 1976 budget
account for $19.6 billion of the increase in 1976 and $2.1 billion in the
transition quarter. Revised economic assumptions and reestimates of
tax payments account for the remaining $5.7 billion increase in 1976
receipts and the $1.2 billion decrease in transition quarter receipts.
Corporation income tax receipts were $41.4 billion in 1976, $6.3
billion less than originally estimated, and $8.5 billion in the transition
quarter, $1.0 billion less than originally estimated. Differences in tax
law from that proposed reduced receipts by $10.0 billion in 1976 and
$1.5 billion in the transition quarter. Revised economic assumptions
and reestimates increased corporate tax receipts by $3.7 billion in
1976 and $0.6 billion in the transition quarter.
218
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
RECONCILIATION OF FISCAL YEAR 1976 AND TRANSITION QUARTER RECEIPTS
ESTIMATES
[In billions of dollars]
Legislation
ReInaction on the
estimates
February President's proposals
and
1975
Enacted
revised
estimate
Economic legislation economic
Energy
stimulus
assumpproposals and other
tions
tax
proposals
Fiscal year 1976:
Individual income taxes
_
Corporation income taxss
Social insurance taxes and
contributions .
Excise taxes
Estate and gift taxes and
customs duties _ _ N. _
Miscellaneous receipts
Total, fiscal year 1976...
Transition quarter:
Individual income taxes
Corporation income taxes
Social insurance taxes and
contributions
Excise taxes
Estate and gift taxes and
customs duties
. .
Miscellaneous receipts
Total, transition quarter .
+7.9
+2.3
+24.9
-9.7
91.6
32.1
-15.2
8.9
10.9
-.2
297.5
10.0
131.6
41.4
+1.2
*
-13.2
-2.6
+5.7
+3.7
92.7
17.0
+.4
106.3
47.7
9.3
8.0
i-2.7
300.0
-3.0
-.4
-1.2
+.6
38.8
8.5
25.8
4.5
+.3
25.6
6.2
8.3
i-1.2
+5.1
-1.2
-15.8
+.1
37.9
9.5
2.7
1.6
-1.3
81.8
-1.8
+.1
2.4
2.8
84.4
Actual
receipts
+2.1
-3.5
*Less than $50 million.
1
In the 1976 budget it was assumed that import fees on crude oil would increase by $2 per barrel.
Actual fees were increased by that amount. Subsequently, however, this increase was eliminated, thus
resulting in a net decrease in receipts from the original estimates of $2.0 billion in 1976 and $1.0
billion in the transition quarter.
Social insurance taxes and contributions in 1976 were $1.2 billion
higher than originally estimated. Unemployment tax receipts were
$0.7 billion higher than originally estimated, largely due to increased
State taxes deposited in the Treasury to finance unemployment benefits. Underestimates of employment taxes and contributions accounted
for most of the remainder of the increase. Social insurance taxes and
contributions in the transition quarter were $0.1 billion greater than
the original budget estimate.
Because of inaction on the proposed excise taxes, 1976 excise tax
receipts were $15.2 billion less than the original budget estimate of
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE BUDGET
219
$32.1 billion. Excise tax receipts in the transition quarter were $1.7
billion less than the original budget estimate, largely for the same
reason.
Estate and gift taxes were above the original budget estimate by
$0.6 billion in 1976 and $0.2 billion in the transition quarter. Customs
duties were $0.2 billion below the original budget estimate in 1976 and
$0.1 billion above the original budget estimate in the transition
quarter. Miscellaneous receipts in 1976 were $2.9 billion below the
original budget estimate of $10.9 billion, in large part due to a $2.0
billion decrease in the amount received from import fees on crude oil,
a $0.2 billion decrease because of inaction on a proposal to write-off
silver certificates, and a $0.6 billion decrease in deposits of earnings by
the Federal Reserve System. Miscellaneous receipts in the transition
quarter were $1.2 billion less than the original budget estimate of $2.8
billion, due almost entirely to a decrease in the amount received from
import fees on crude oil.
PART 7
THE BUDGET SYSTEM
AND CONCEPTS
221
THE BUDGET SYSTEM AND CONCEPTS
The budget system of the U.S. Government is based upon a structure
for financial administration that has as objectives the efficient management of programs in relation to the requirements of the Nation and
effective financial control.
Although most of the requirements of the Congressional Budget and
Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (Public Law 93-344) have been
implemented, the budget process continues to undergo change as a
result of that act. The act established new congressional budget procedures and a new fiscal year period (October 1 through September 30)
effective with fiscal year 1977. There was a 3-month transition quarter
between fiscal year 1976, which ended June 30, 1976, and fiscal year
1977, which began October 1, 1976.
THE BUDGET PROCESS
The budget process has four main phases: (1) executive formulation
and transmittal; (2) congressional action; (3) budget execution and
control; and (4) review and audit. Each of these phases interrelates
with and overlaps the others.
Executive formulation and transmittal.—The budget sets forth
the President's financial plan of operation and thus indicates his
priorities for the Federal Government during the coming year. The
President's transmittal of his budget to the Congress early in each
calendar year is the climax of many months of planning and analysis
throughout the executive branch. Formulation of the 1978 budget
began in the spring of 1976, although tentative goals for some programs were set earlier—when the 1977 budget was transmitted to the
Congress in January of 1976.
During the period when a budget is being formulated in the executive branch, there is a continuous exchange of information, proposals,
evaluations, and policy decisions among the President, the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB), and the various Government
agencies.
In the spring, agency programs are evaluated, policy issues are
identified, and budgetary projections are made, giving attention both
to important modifications and innovations in programs and to
alternative long-range program plans. These budgetary projections,
222
THE BUDGET SYSTEM AND CONCEPTS
223
including projections of estimated receipts prepared by the Treasury
Department, are then presented to the President for his consideration,
and the major issues are discussed. About the same time, the President
receives projections of the economic outlook that are prepared jointly
by the Council of Economic Advisers, the Treasury Department, and
OMB.
Following a review of these projections, the President establishes
general budget and fiscal policy guidelines for the fiscal year that will
begin about 15 months later. Tentative policy decisions and planning
targets are then given to the agencies to govern the preparation of
their budgets.
Throughout the fall and early winter the executive branch is involved in two related budgetary processes. One is the preparation of
the current services estimates, which are required by the Congressional
Budget Act to be transmitted to the Congress by November 10 of each
year. These estimates are projections of budget authority and outlays
required to continue ongoing Federal programs and activities in the
upcoming fiscal year without policy changes from the fiscal year in
progress at the time the estimates are submitted.
The second process is the preparation of the President's budget
for transmittal to the Congress. This process involves a detailed
review of agency budget requests by OMB. These requests and OMB's
recommendations on them are presented to the President for decision.
Overall fiscal policy issues—relating to total budget outlays and receipts—are again examined. The effects of budget decisions on outlays
in the years that follow are also considered and are explicitly taken
into account. Thus, the budget process involves the simultaneous
consideration of the resource needs of individual programs, and the
total outlays and receipts that are appropriate in relation to current
and prospective economic conditions. The budget reflects the results
of both of these considerations.
Congressional action.—The Congress can act as it wishes on the
President's budget proposals. It can change programs, eliminate them,
or add programs not requested by the President. It can increase or
decrease the amounts recommended by the President to finance
existing and proposed new programs. It may also act upon legislation
determining taxes and other means of raising receipts.
In making appropriations the Congress does not normally vote on
outlays directly, but rather on budget authority. The Congress
first enacts legislation that authorizes an agency to carry out a particular program and, in some cases, sets a limit on the amount that
subsequently can be considered for appropriation for the program.
Many programs are authorized for a specified number of years, or
224
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
even indefinitely; other programs, such as nuclear energy, space
exploration, defense procurement, foreign affairs, and some construction programs, require annual authorizing legislation.
The granting of budget authority is usually a separate, subsequent
action. As a normal rule, budget authority becomes available each
year only as voted by the Congress. However, in a significant number
of cases, the Congress has voted permanent budget authority, under
which funds become available annually without further congressional
action. Most trust fund appropriations are permanent, as are a
number of Federal fund appropriations, such as the appropriation to
pay interest on the public debt.
Congressional review begins when the President transmits his current services estimates to the Congress some two months before the
President's budget is transmitted. While these current services estimates are neither recommended amounts nor estimates as to what the
figures for the budget year will actually turn out to be, the Congress
may use these estimates as a base from which to compare the President's proposed budget.
The President's budget is required to be transmitted to the Congress
within 15 days after the start of each new session in January. Under
the procedures established by the Congressional Budget Act, the
Congress considers budget totals prior to completing action on individual appropriations. The act requires that each standing committee
of the Congress submit reports on budget estimates to the House and
Senate Budget Committees by March 15; and that the Congressional
Budget Office submit a fiscal policy report to the two budget committees by April 1. This is followed, no later than May 15, by the adoption
of the first concurrent budget resolution, containing Government-wide
budget targets of receipts, budget authority, and outlays to guide
Congress in its subsequent consideration of appropriations and revenue
measures.
Congressional consideration of requests for appropriations and for
changes in revenue laws will continue to follow an established pattern.
These requests are considered first in the House of Representatives.
The appropriations committee, through its subcommittees, studies the
proposals for appropriations and examines in detail each agency's
performance. The Ways and Means Committee reviews proposed
revenue measures. Each committee then recommends the action to be
taken by the House of Eepresentatives.
As appropriation and tax bills are approved by the House, they
are forwarded to the Senate, where a similar review process is followed.
In case of disagreement between the two Houses of Congress, a conference committee (consisting of Members of both bodies) meets to
resolve the issues. The report of the conference committee is returned
to both Houses for approval. When the measure is agreed to, first in
THE BUDGET SYSTEM AND CONCEPTS'
225
the House and then in the Senate, it is ready to be transmitted to the
President in the form of an enrolled bill, for his approval or veto.
After action has been completed on all money bills, the Congress
will, by September 15, adopt a second concurrent resolution. The
resolution adopted by the Congress will contain budget ceilings
classified by function for budget authority and outlays, and &floorfor
budget receipts. This resolution may retain or revise the levels set
earlier in the year, and can include directives to the appropriations
committees and to other committees with jurisdiction over budget authority or entitlements to recommend changes in new or carryover
authority or entitlements. Similarly, the second resolution may direct
the appropriate committees to recommend changes in budget receipts
or in the statutory limit on the public debt. Changes recommended by
various committees pursuant to the second budget resolution are to be
reported in a reconciliation bill (or resolution, in some cases) on which
Congress must complete action by September 25, a few days before the
new fiscal year commences on October 1.
When Congress completes action on the reconciliation bill or resolution, the congressional budget process is complete. At this point, Congress may not consider any spending or revenue legislation that would
breach any of the levels specified in the second resolution. In other
words, Congress would not be able to pass a supplemental appropriation if it would cause spending to rise above the levels of the second
budget resolution, nor could it cut receipts below the second resolution's totals. However, Congress may adopt a new budget resolution at
an}^ time.
If action on appropriations is not completed by the beginning of
the fiscal year, the Congress may enact a "continuing resolution'' to
provide authority for the affected agencies to continue operations until
their regular appropriations are enacted.
Budget execution and control.—Once approved, the budget
becomes the financial basis for the operations of each agency during
the fiscal year.
Under the law, most budget authority and other budgetary resources are made available to the agencies of the executive branch
through an apportionment system. Under authority delegated by the
President, the Director of OMB apportions (distributes) appropriations and other budgetary resources to each agency by time periods
(usually quarters) or by activities. Obligations may not be incurred
in excess of the amount apportioned. The objective of the apportionment system is to ensure the effective and orderly use of available
authority and to reduce the need for requesting additional or supplemental authority.
226
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Changes in laws or other factors may indicate the need for more
authority during the year, and supplemental requests may have to
be transmitted to the Congress. On the other hand, reserves may be
established under the Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. 665) to provide
for contingencies or to effect savings made possible by or through
changes in requirements or greater efficiency of operations. Amounts
may also be withheld for policy or other reasons, pursuant to the
Impoundment Control Act.
Whenever the President determines that all or part of any budget
authority provided by the Congress will not be required to carry out
the full objectives or scope of a program for which it was provided, or
that such budget authority should be rescinded for fiscal policy or
other reasons, a special message is transmitted by the President to the
Congress requesting a rescission of the budget authority. The budge t
authority proposed by the President for rescission must be made
available for obligation unless both the House and the Senate pass a
rescission bill within 4 5 days of continuous session after receiving the
President's message.
Whenever all or part of any budget authority provided by the
Congress is deferred (i.e., temporarily withheld from obligation), the
President transmits a special message to the Congress on such deferrals. Either House may pass a resolution disapproving this deferral
of budget authority, thus requiring that the funds be made available
for obligation. When no congressional action is taken, deferrals may
remain in effect until, but not beyond, the end of the fiscal year.
Review and audit.—This is the final step in the budget process.
The individual agencies are responsible for assuring—through their
own review and control systems—that the obligations they incur and
the resulting outlays follow the provisions of the authorizing and
appropriating legislation, as well as other laws and regulations relating
to the obligation and expenditure of funds. OMB reviews program
and financial reports and keeps abreast of agency programs and the
effort to attain program objectives.
In addition, the Comptroller General, as agent of the Congress,
regularly audits, examines, and evaluates Government programs.
His findings and recommendations for corrective action are made to
the Congress, to OMB, and to the agencies concerned. The Comptroller General also monitors the executive branch's reporting of
special messages on proposed rescissions and deferrals. He reports
any items not reported by the executive branch and any differences
that he may have with the classification (as a rescission or deferral)
of withholdings included in special messages submitted by the President. The Comptroller General may bring civil actions to obtain
THE BUDGET SYSTEM AND CONCEPTS
227
compliance should the President fail to make budget authority
available in accordance with the Impoundment Control Act.
COVERAGE OF THE BUDGET TOTALS
Agencies and programs.—The budget totals cover agencies and
programs (including Government corporations) owned by the Federal
Government, no matter how funded, except for the following offbudget Federal entities:
Exchange stabilization fund,
Kural electrification and telephone revolving fund,
Rural Telephone Bank,
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
Housing for the elderly or handicapped fund,
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation,
Postal Service fund,
United States Railway Association,1
Federal Financing Bank,
Energy Independence Authority (proposed) .2
In addition to these exceptions, the totals exclude privately owned,
Government-sponsored enterprises, such as the Federal land banks and
Federal home loan banks. The off-budget Federal entities listed above
are discussed in Part 2 of the Budget, and financial statements are
presented in Part IV of the Budget Appendix. These data are also
presented in tables throughout the Budget to show the effect of including amounts for off-budget entities in the budget totals. Privately
owned Government-sponsored enterprises are discussed in Part 2 of
the Budget, and financial statements are presented in Part VI of the
Budget Appendix.
Functional classification.3—The functional classification arrays budgetary data according to the major purpose served by the
unit being classified (usually, a budget account). In accordance with
the Congressional Budget Act, the Congress must pass resolutions
establishing budget targets and ceilings by functional categories.
The following criteria are used in establishing and in assigning
activities to functional categories:
• A function must have a common end or ultimate purpose addressed
to an important national need. (The emphasis is on what the
Federal Government seeks to accomplish rather than the means
of accomplishment, what is purchased, or the clientele or geographic area served.)
1
Recently enacted legislation requires that the purchase of ConRail securities, which will comprise almost all of the Association's activity after 1977, be included in the budget.
2
The budget totals include an amount equal to the estimated net earnings or losses of this proposed
Authority.
8
A further discussion of this subject is found in the introduction to Part 5 of this volume.
228
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
• A function must be of continuing national importance and be
significant in size, i.e., normally account for at least 2% of total
budget outlays over a number of years.
• The basic unit of classification generally is the appropriation or
fund account. Occasionally, an appropriation account serves more
than one major purpose. Accordingly, an account may be divided
into two or more subfunctions. Any such division requires a
compelling reason, and must involve relatively large amounts
for each subfunction.
• Each unit is classified into the single best or predominant purpose
served. Thus, a unit is assigned to only one function.
• Activities and programs are normally classified by common
purpose (or function) regardless of which agencies conduct the
activities.
Types of funds.—Agency activities are financed through Federal
funds and through trust funds, both of which are included in the
budget.
Federal funds are of four types. The general fund is credited with
receipts not earmarked by law for a specific purpose, and is charged
with payments from such receipts and from general borrowing. Special
funds contain Federal receipts earmarked for specific purposes, other
than for carrying out a cycle of operations. Public enterprise (revolving) funds finance a cycle of business-type operations in which
outlays generate collections, primarily from the public. Intragovernmental revolving and management funds facilitate financing operations
within and between Government agencies.
Trust funds are established to account for receipt and expenditure of
moneys by the Government for use in carrying out specific purposes
and programs in accordance with the terms of a trust agreement or
statute. These moneys are not available for the general purposes of
the Government. Within the category of trust funds there is a special
subcategory of trust revolving funds that carry on a cycle of businesstype operations.
Current expense and capital outlay.—The budget includes
spending for both current operating expenses and capital outlays such
as the purchase of lands, structures, and equipment. It also includes
capital outlays in the form of lending and the purchase of investments.
These categorizations of outlays are discussed in Special Analysis D.
However, it excludes from obligations and outlays the acquisition by
Federal agencies of Federal debt securities issued by the Government
itself (either by the Treasury Department or by other Federal agencies).
THE BUDGET SYSTEM AND CONCEPTS
229
BUDGET AUTHORITY AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
Budget authority.—Government agencies—whether on budget or
off budget—are permitted to enter into obligations requiring either immediate or future payment of money only when they have been granted
authority to do so by law. The amounts thus authorized by the
Congress are called budget authority.
Budget authority permits obligations to be incurred, and for most
accounts the amount of the authority is related to the obligations
expected to be incurred during the year. In some cases—especially
construction (other than water resources projects), research, and
procurement—budget authority is requested and provided to finance
the full cost of each project at the time it is started, regardless of when
obligations are expected to be incurred and the expected time of completion. In other cases, certain insurance or other programs are
provided with standby budget authority that may never be used fully
but is available if certain contingencies should arise.
Budget authority usually takes the form of appropriations, which
permit obligations to be incurred and payments to be made. Some
budget authority is in the form of contract authority, which permits
obligations in advance of appropriations and therefore requires a subsequent appropriation or receipts to "liquidate" (pay) these obligations.
There is also authority to spend debt receipts (i.e., borrowing authority))
such budget authority permits the use of borrowed money to incur
obligations and make payments. Where such authority pertains to the
borrowing from the Treasury, it is authority to spend public debt
receipts. Authority for a Government agency to borrow directly from
the public or from a Government-administered fund available for
investment is authority to spend agency debt receipts.
Since January 1976, it has not been in order for either House of the
Congress to consider any bill, with certain exceptions, that provides
new borrowing or contract authority unless that bill also provides
that such new spending authority will be effective only to the extent
or such amounts as are provided in appropriations acts.
Most appropriations for current operations are made available for
obligation only during a specified fiscal year {1-year appropriations).
Some are for a specified longer period {multiple-year appropriations).
Others, including most of those for construction, some for research,
and many trust fund appropriations, are made available for obligation until the objectives have been attained {no-year appropriations).
When budget authority is made available by the Congress for a
specific period of time, any part that is not used for obligations during
that period lapses and cannot be used later. Beappropriations—
congressional actions to continue availability of unused balances
that have lapsed—are counted as budget authority in the year of the
congressional action.
240-000 O - 77 - 16
230
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
A rescission is a legislative action that cancels budget authority or
unobligated balances of budget authority prior to the time the authority would otherwise have lapsed. Rescissions are offset against new
budget authority in arriving at the total of budget authority for each
year. A deferral is an executive branch action or inaction—including
the establishment of reserves under the Antideficiency Act—that
effectively delays the obligation or expenditure of budget authority.
Deferrals may not extend beyond the end of the fiscal year and may
be overturned at any time by either House of Congress.
Most authority to obligate funds is granted year by year (current
authority). Under certain laws, some budget authority in Federal funds
and most budget authority in the trust funds become available from
time to time without further action by the Congress (permanent
authority).
The amount of budget authority is usually stated specifically in the
legislation that makes it available (definite authority). In a few cases
the amount is left indefinite, to be determined by subsequent circumstances (indefinite authority). Examples of the latter type are the
appropriation for interest on the public debt, and the trust fund
appropriation equal to receipts under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (social security).
Obligations incurred.—Following the enactment of budget
authority, obligations are incurred by Government agencies. Such
obligations include the currently accruing liabilities for salaries and
wages, certain contractual services, and interest; entering into contracts for the purchase of supplies and equipment, construction and
the acquisition of land; entering into contracts to make loans; and
other contractual arrangements requiring the payment of money.
Outlays.—Obligations generally are liquidated by the issuance of
checks or the disbursement of cash; such payments are called outlays.
In lieu of issuing checks, obligations may also be liquidated (and outlays occur) by the maturing of interest coupons in the case of some
bonds, or by the issuance of bonds or notes (or increases in the redemption value of bonds outstanding). Outlays during a fiscal year may
be payments of obligations incurred in prior years or in the same year.
Such outlays, therefore, flow in part from unexpended balances of
prior year budget authority and in part from budget authority provided for the year in which the money is spent.4 Total budget outlays
include deductions for offsetting collections (see collections, below), but
exclude outlays of off-budget Federal entities.
4 This process is depicted on a chart "Relation of Budget Authority to Outlays—1978 Budget"
in Part 6 of this volume.
THE BUDGET SYSTEM AND CONCEPTS
231
Balances of authority.—Not all budget authority enacted for a
fiscal year is obligated and paid out in the same year. The obligated
balance is that portion of the budget authority that has been obligated
but not yet paid. For example, in the case of salaries and wages, one to
three weeks elapse between the time of obligation and the time of
payment. In the case of major procurement and construction, up to
several years may elapse. Obligated balances of budget authority are
carried forward until the obligations are subsequently paid. In addition, in multiple-year or no-year accounts, budget authority that is
still available for obligation may be carried forward for obligation in
the following year. These are unobligated balances.
Therefore, a change in the amount of budget authority for a given
year does not necessarily result in a similar change in either the obligations incurred or the budget outlays of that same year. A change in
budget authority in any one year may have an effect on obligations for
2 or more years, and may affect budget outlays for an even longer
period. In the case of standby budget authority, obligations and
outlays may never materialize.
Allocations between agencies.—In some cases, one or more
agencies may share in the administration of a program for which
appropriations are made to another agency or to the President. This
is made possible by the establishment of allocations from the "parent"
account (the account to which the appropriation was made). Obligations incurred through such allocations are included with the parent
account in the Budget (without separate identification) and in the
Budget Appendix (where the total obligations of each participating
agency are identified separately under the parent account).
COLLECTIONS
In general.—Collections represent amounts collected during the
year and are classified into two major categories:
• Budget receipts, which are compared with total outlays in calculating the budget surplus or deficit.
• Offsetting collections, which are deducted from disbursements in
calculating total outlays. Corresponding offsets are made in
arriving at total budget authority and net obligations incurred.
Budget receipts.—Budget receipts are collections from the public
that result from the exercise of the Government's sovereign or governmental powers and from contributions paid by participants in
certain voluntary Federal social insurance programs. They consist
primarily of tax receipts and social insurance premiums, but also
include receipts from court fines, certain licenses, and deposits of
232
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
earnings by the Federal Reserve System. Gifts and contributions (as
distinguished from payments for services or cost-sharing deposits by
State and local governments) are also counted as budget receipts.
Offsetting collections.—Offsetting collections are classified into
two types: collections credited to appropriation or fund accounts and
offsetting receipts (that is, amounts deposited in receipt accounts).
Generally, collections credited to appropriation or fund accounts can
be used without appropriation action by the Congress, whereas funds
in receipt accounts cannot be used without being appropriated.
Collections credited to appropriation or jund accounts occur in two
circumstances:
• Reimbursements.—When authorized by law, amounts collected for
materials or services furnished (e.g., amounts received from the
public to pay expenses of providing information under the Freedom
of Information Act) are treated as reimbursements to appropriations. These collections are netted in determining outlays from
such appropriations.
• Revolving funds.—In the three types of revolving funds—public
enterprise, intragovernmental, and trust revolving—collections
are regularly netted against spending.
Offsetting receipts generally are deducted from budget authority
and outlays by function and/or subfunction, and by agency. Offsetting
receipts are subdivided into two major categories, as follows:
• Proprietary receipts from the public.—These are collections from
the public—deposited in receipt accounts of the general fund,
special funds, or trust funds—that arise out of the business-type
or market-oriented activities of the Government (for example,
loan repayments, interest, sale of property and products, charges
for nonregulatory services, and rents and royalties). Such collections are not counted as budget receipts, and, with one exception,
are offset against total budget authority and outlays by agency
and by function. The exception consists of receipts from rents and
royalties from Outer Continental Shelf lands that are deducted
from total budget authority and outla}^ for the Government as a
whole rather than from any single agency or function.
• Intragovernmental transactions.—These are payments into receipt
accounts from other accounts. They are treated as an offset to
budget authority and outlays, rather than as a budget receipt.
Intragovernmental transactions may either be intrabudgetary
(where the payment and receipt both occur within the budgetary
universe) or result from receipts from off-budget Federal entities
in those cases where the payment comes from a Federal entity
whose funds are excluded from the budget totals. Normally,
intragovernmental transactions are deducted from both the out-
THE BUDGET SYSTEM AND CONCEPTS
233
lays and the budget authority for the agency receiving the
payment. However, in two situations intragovernmental transactions are not deducted from the figures of any agency or
function, but appear as special deduct lines in computing total
budget authority and outlays for the Government as a whole.
One of these consists of the agencies' payments (including payments
by off-budget Federal entities) as employers into trust funds for
retirement of employees. The other is the payment of interest
to trust (nonrevolving) funds.
Intrabudgetary transactions are further subdivided into three
groups: (1) interfund transactions, where the payment is from one
fund group (either Federal funds or trust funds) to the other fund
group; (2) Federal intrafund transactions, in those cases where the
payment and receipt both occur within the Federal fund group; and
(3) trust intrafund transactions, in those cases where the payment
and receipt both occur within the trust fund group.
OTHER TRANSACTIONS
Borrowing and repayments.—Borrowing and debt repayment are
not treated as receipts or outlays, since if they were the budget could
be balanced simply by borrowing. This rule applies both to borrowing
in the form of public debt securities and to specialized forms of borrowing—such as the sale of agency securities, the assumption of military
family housing mortgages, and certificates representing participation
in a pool of loans. Transactions that otherwise would be considered
borrowing may be required by law to be treated as a sale of assets.
This results in collections being credited to an appropriation or fund
account with a corresponding reduction in outlays.
Exercise of the monetary power.—Seigniorage is the profit from
coining money; it is the difference between the value of coins as money
and their cost, including the cost of manufacturing. Seigniorage on
coins arises from the exercise of the Government's monetary powers
and differs from receipts coming from the public, since there is no
corresponding payment by another party. Therefore, seigniorage is
excluded from receipts and treated as a means of financing a budget
deficit, or as a supplementary amount to be applied to reduce debt
or to increase the cash in Treasury in the years of a budget surplus.
The increment (profit) resulting from the revaluation of gold as a
monetary asset is treated like seigniorage, but the profit from sale of
gold as a commodity is treated as a proprietary receipt.
Liabilities in deposit fund accounts.—Accounts outside the
budget, known as deposit funds, are established to record certain
amounts held in suspense temporarily, or held by the Government as
agent for others (for example, savings accounts for military person-
234
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 78
nel, State and local income taxes withheld from Federal employees'
salaries, and payroll deductions for the purchase of savings bonds by
civilian employees of the Government). Such transactions affect
Treasury's cash balances even though they are not a part of the
budget.
Exchange of cash.—The Government's deposits with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are considered similar to cash
assets. Therefore, the movement of money between the IMF and the
Treasury Department is not in itself considered a receipt or an outlay,
borrowing or lending. In a similar manner, the holdings of foreign
currency by the Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF)—an off-budget
Federal entity—are considered as cash assets. Changes in these holdings
would be considered outlays only to the extent there is a loss, and
offsetting collections only to the extent there is a profit on the exchange.
Obligations to international lending organizations.—Debt
instruments issued (in lieu of checks) in payment of subscriptions to
international lending organizations are not considered borrowing or
outlays, but remain a part of the obligated balances until they are
cashed, at which time they become outlays. These differ only in form,
and not in substance, from ordinary balances for unpaid obligations.
BASIS FOR BUDGET FIGURES
In general.—Receipts and repayments reflect collections. Outlays
are stated in terms of checks issued, including cash paid in lieu of
checks. The accrual basis is generally used for interest on the public
debt; however, interest on the public debt held by trust and other
Government accounts was converted to a cash basis during the transition quarter, and will remain on a cash basis for future years. When
debt securities are issued at a discount (or at a premium), the difference
between the sales price and the redemption value is treated as interest
and is accrued evenly over time in the account that issues the securities.
Data for 1976 and the transition quarter.—The 1976 and transition quarter (July 1 through September 30, 1976) columns of this
budget generally present the actual transactions and balances for
those periods as recorded in agency accounts and as summarized in
the central financial reports prepared by the Treasury Department.
However, the budget totals have been revised retroactively, in accordance with provisions of Public Law 93-646, to include the ExportImport Bank. The reported Export-Import Bank outlays and debt
figures were adjusted retroactively to July 1, 1975 principally to
THE BUDGET SYSTEM AND CONCEPTS
235
include the sale of certificates of beneficial interest as borrowing
rather than as offsetting collections.
Data for 1977.—All regular appropriation acts for 1977 have
become law. However, due to a lack of authorization, appropriations
for certain programs traditionally included in the appropriation bill
for the Departments of Labor; Health, Education, and Welfare; and
related agencies have not yet been enacted, and continuing appropriations have been provided. These programs are discussed in Part
III of the Budget Appendix. Also, some rescissions are pending before
the Congress, and supplemental appropriations will be required in
certain cases. These supplemental represent the amounts required
for various pay raises including those of October 1976 and the additional amounts requested to meet previously unforeseen program costs.
Where the word "enacted" is used with reference to 1977 as in tables 1
and 9 of Part 9 of the Budget, the amount represents budget authority
already voted by the Congress. In the case of indefinite appropriations,
the enacted sums include the amounts likely to be required. Actions
"pending" before the Congress include proposed rescissions awaiting
Congressional consideration for inclusion in a rescission bill. "Appropriations transmitted herein" include amounts for unenacted appropriations, whether these amounts will be included in regular or supplemental appropriation bills. Where the word "estimate" is used,
the amounts may include pending appropriations, needed supplementals, and enacted budget authority. Certain standard footnotes
are used in Part 8 of the Budget (and are explained at the end of that
part) to specify the status of these additional items for 1977.
Data for 1978.—This budget is complete as to the estimates for
1978. Part I of the Budget Appendix generally includes the proposed
appropriation language for the various items identified in the budget.
However, in some instances, estimates are included in the budget
schedules without appropriation language for 1977 and 1978. For these,
the requested amounts may already be pending, proposed legislation
may be required, or the estimated amounts will be requested later
when the requirements are known. In certain tables of the budget these
items for later transmittal and the related outlays are separately
identified. Estimates of the total requirements for 1977 and 1978
include both the amounts formally proposed and the amounts planned
for later transmittal.
Data for 1979.—In order to place more emphasis on longer term
objectives and plans, this budget presents 1979 estimates in somewhat
greater detail than outyear estimates have been presented in the past.
Data for 1979 reflect Presidential policy determinations, and are
shown in a number of summary and other budget tables.
236
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1977
Allowances.—Lump-sum allowances are included in the tables to
cover possible additional changes. The allowance for contingencies
is shown in two categories, as required by the Congressional Budget
Act. The estimates in the first category, uRelatively uncontrollable
programs," are zero because the probability of net decreases or net
increases for such programs is believed to be equal. The second category, "Other requirements," contains estimates for requirements not
now foreseen for existing programs and for the possible enactment of
legislation not specifically provided for in the budget. The allowance
for civilian agency pay raises includes an estimate of the additional
amounts that will be required for pay raises anticipated in October
1977 for employees of civilian Government agencies. A separate
allowance for pay raises is shown for the military and civilian employees of the Department of Defense and is included in its figures.
These increases could not be reflected in the various program appropriation requests since the applicable detailed amounts have not yet
been determined.
PART 8
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM
BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
237
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This tabulation contains information on budget authority
(BA) and outlays (O) for each appropriation and fund account. The budget authority in this tabulation takes account
of certain transfers between appropriations. All budget authority items are current and definite appropriations except
where otherwise indicated. In addition, budget authority and
outlay data for off-budget Federal entities are presented at
the end of this table.
Functional code numbers are shown for each account as
a cross reference to tables 14 and 15 (pp. 330-353), where the
figures are summarized by functional classification. Types of
funds in the budget and the deduct entries at the end of each
chapter of this tabulation are explained in Part 7 (pp. 174178).
Congressional action in the appropriation process occasionally takes the form of a limitation on the use of a trust
fund or other fund, or of an appropriation to liquidate contract
authority. Amounts for such items, which do not affect budget
authority, are included here in parentheses and identified in
the stub column, but are not included in the totals.
238
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
239
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
SENATE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Compensation and mileage of the
Vice President and Senators....801
BA
0
4,991
4,965
1,267
1,247
Expense allowances of the Vice
President and Majority and
Minority Leaders
801
BA
0
16
16
4
4
Salaries, officers and employees..801
BA
80,856
22,126
0
78,361
20,087
607
155
Office of the Legislative Counsel of
the Senate
801
BA
0
570
149
BA
768
196
0
596
154
45
36
12
14
BA
20,673
5,464
0
20,746
5,047
90
42
Senate policy committees
801
Automobiles and maintenance
801
BA
0
Inquiries and investigations
801
Folding documents
801
Miscellaneous items
801
Postage stamps
801
Stationery (revolving fund)
801
BA
0
82
41
BA
18,349
6,840
0
18,651
4,269
3
1
BA
0
BA
0
3
1
30
28
8
11
5,053
5,053
16
16
5,056
5,056
16
16
89,614
"5,396
95,010
630
"31
661
846
"86
932
45
45
21,855
"925
22,780
91
"5
96
19,099
"4
19,103
3
3
32
32
95,194
95,194
697
697
938
938
45
45
23,691
23,691
95
95
18,870
18,870
3
3
32
32
Public enterprise funds:
Senate restaurant
fund)
0
-97
89
(revolving fund)
801
0
-106
-9
BA
0
126,428
123,851
36,115
31,104
143,731
143,731
144,637
144,637
BA
228,981
57,098
262,352
197,525
56,648
241,774
"10,101
251,875
BA
66,893
12,660
48,770
16,912
52,265
"138
52,403
55,036
0
studio
(revolving
801
0
Recording
fund
Total Federal funds Senate
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
House of Representatives
801
262,352
JOINT ITEMS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
House item-.
Joint Items
See footnotes at end of table.
801
55,036
240
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH—Continued
JOINT ITEMS—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Senate items:
Joint Economic Committee
801
BA
1,208
306
O
1,159
291
Joint Economic Committee,
Subcommittee on Fiscal Policy
801
O
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy
801
BA
632
0
1,590
1,423
"63
1,486
36
1,590
..-
American Indian
Commission
801
505
122
B
A
765
118
478
515
0
Joint Committee on Printing
664
"32
696
434
109
505
515
301
566
263
263
165
710
710
Policy Review
801
BA
0
1,886
1,513
Joint Committee on Inaugural
Ceremonies of 1977..
801
B
A
825
Capitol Guide Service
B
A
423
153
389
402
0
801
361
133
406
402
appropriations,
801
BA
0
7
4
2
7
7
7
7
Total Federal funds Joint Items.
BA
0
72,639
52,746
13,705
18,133
55,766
55,802
58,260
58,260
BA
4,868
1,184
9,319
"257
10,200
0
2,763
1,776
8,700
9,800
B
A
1,629
425
1,770
1,986
0
1,636
321
100
285
4,696
390
30
"82
1,864
120
1,981
120
Statements
Senate
of
CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
801
ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Office of the Architect of the Capitol:
Salaries
801
Contingent expenses
Reappropriation
801
BA
BA
0
Capitol buildings
801
BA
Reappropriation
Extension of the Capitol..
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
..801
0
759
6,565
10
26
1,391
1,250
291
5,854
'182
"29
137
6,451
22
120
5,845
6,345
241
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH—Continued
ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Capitol grounds
Reappropriation
BA
1,844
405
BA
0
801
1,663
"372
1,833
'85
82
2,254
""36
261
1,937
"l"935
Master plan for future development
of the Capitol grounds and
related areas
801
BA
0
Acquisition of property as an
addition to the Capitol grounds
801
0
Senate office buildings
BA
9,018
2,079
BA
0
0
225
8,613
2,570
2,043
1,666
Extension of additional Senate Office
Building site
801
0
25
Acquisition of property as a site for
parking facilities for the United
States Senate
801
0
53
6
Plans for garage and related
facilities for the United States
Senate
801
0 .
.
Senate garage
801
B
A
14
3
34
10
4
14
5
House office buildings
801
0
BA
12
3
10,253
3
1
2,596
14
5
18,451
0
0
14,600
5
9
3,475
4
12
5
14,448
'653
21,708
87
BA
9,088
2,442
0
0
8,720
13
1
2,605
4
11,172
'67
10,971
284
5,181
338
12,000
6,275
2 700
1
3
45
630
801
Reappropriation..
Construction of an extension to the
New Senate Office Building
801
Acquisition of property, construction,
and equipment, additional House
Office Building
801
Capitol Power Plant
801
Expansion of facilities, Capitol Power
Plant
801
Modifications and enlargement,
Capitol Power Plant
801
Congressional cemetery
801
Alterations and improvements,
buildings and grounds, to provide
facilities for the physically
handicapped
801
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
BA
0
BA
0
350
2
50
42
10,408
'426
"19
56
11,154
10,646
9,332
10,363
31,270
78
5
3
17
5
49
20,780
12,317
12,315
9,105
225
225
1,815
242
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH—Continued
ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Structural and mechanical care,
BA
Library buildings and grounds.801
2,103
485
2,241
2,453
2,512
478
"5
71
2,490
2,386
9,887
15,202
33,907
62,010
109,773
26,658
52,820
125,628
Library of Congress, James Madison
Memorial Building
801
BA
0
Total Federal funds Architect of
the Capitol.
BA
0
70
2,078
33,000
4,453
76,290
57,281
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
503
BA
72,595
19,233
81,017
<187
"2,413
93,407
BA
0
300 .
70,590
6,978
17,825
1,984
92,310
10,992
Reappropriation
BA
0
Reappropriation
and
403
BA
National Commission on New
Technological Usage of
Copyrighted Works: Salaries and
expenses
403
BA
0
7,113
337
194
1,647
118
68
84,626
9,408
"361
9,897
560
592
Congressional Research
Salaries and expenses
Service:
801
BA
17,199
4,662
19,329
22,851
0
Books for the blind and physically
handicapped: Salaries and
expenses
503
BA
17,343
15,905
4,130
3,767
22,725
32,007
Collection and distribution of library
materials (special foreign currency
program)
503
BA
0
12,670
2,014
2,565
2,235
498
615
21,021
21,729
<9
"80
20,642
2,910
2,752
Furniture and furnishings
Reappropriation
503
BA
BA
0
15
4
2,942
10,680
Oliver Wendell Holmes devise fund
(special fund): Permanent
503
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
503
BA
0
19
3
6
3,697
24
20
9,716
4
20
Total Federal funds Library of
Congress.
BA
0
59
5
119,450
112,052
2
9
30,413
26,688
-504
141,901
142,743
23
173,630
166,098
Trust Funds
Gift and trust fund accounts,
non-revolving: Permanent....
503
BA
0
4,824
5,141
816
743
4,549
4,652
4,440
4,273
Copyright Office:
expenses
Salaries
0
0
See footnotes at end of table.
0
4,078
20
998
24
20 ..
..
10,930
248
304
26,505
3,441
3,565
243
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TO.
1976
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
actual
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH—Continued
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
0
Printing and binding
801
Office of Superintendent of
Documents-. Salaries and expenses
109,294
87,269
27,324
21,137
93,639
101,000
104,718
109,000
BA
0
44.365
34,847
11,189
11,175
47,188
55,429
49,602
48,624
BA
806
Acquisition of site and general plans
and designs of buildings
806
Project planning
806
BA
15,500
0
20,100
BA
210
0
213
5
Intragovernmental funds:
Total Federal funds Government
Printing Office.
-28,938
BA
153,869
38,513
140,827
169,820
93,391
40,588
128,106
156,156
B
A
134,903
35,085
131,778
32,688
150,580
^359
"6,509
161,934
167,522
0
Government Printing Office revolving
fund
806
0
BA
6,715
1,669
7,758
BA
0
6,711
174
6,715
6,885
1,743
2
1,669
1,745
7,222
"32
7,157
2,198
7,254
9,355
7,762
398
7,758
8,160
88
34
30
10
96
44
100
44
340
3
317
350
348
0
8,271
-28,323
-21,568
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
801
167,602
UNITED STATES TAX COURT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
752
Construction
752
Total Federal funds
States Tax Court.
Trust
United
Funds
Tax Court judges survivors
fund: Permanent, indefinite
annuity
602
OTHER LEGISLATIVE BRANCH AGENCIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Commission on Security and
Cooperation in Europe: Salaries
and expenses
801
B
A
0
Salaries
and
801
Copyright Royalty Tribunal: Salaries
and expenses
403
1,252
297
1,235
284
BA
0
Cost-Accounting Standards
Salaries and expenses
See footnotes at end of table.
Board:
801
BA
0
....
1,635
1,447
410
325
1,165
'68
1,281
1,308
268
"8
221
BA
0
Botanic Garden:
Expenses
673
1,700
1,633
1,700
1,649
1,305
593
244
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH—Continued
Reappropriation
Total Federal funds Other
Legislative Branch Agencies.
Trust Funds
Office of Technology Assessment:
Contributions and donations
801
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
the
503
Total Federal funds...
,
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
503
902
Total trust funds
Interfund transactions
Total Legislative Branch
435
5,035
U57
BA
0
9,465
7,717
2,559
1,769
8,500
9^017
4
629
12,235
14,598
8^510
4
100
15,531
15,505
1 .
0 ..
..
933,608
785,989
226,228
226,341
982,623
1,026,976
1,062,530
1,114,198
-287
-132
-285
-285
-7,911
-7,911
-949
-935
-4
-7,617
-1
-1,401
803
-1,012
BAl
0J
-4,304
-1,459
-4,350
-4,350
920,384
772,765
223,147
223,260
969,128
1,01.3,481
1,049,049
1,100,717
BA
0
803
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
1,512
^500
6,624
^729
"173
ooo
from
801
3,000
6,143
BAl
0I
BAl
0J
BAl
01
3,000
ooo
902
See footnotes at end of table.
1,500
..
..
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
803
receipts
1
00
Office of Technology Assessment:
Salaries and expenses..,
,.801
Proprietary
public
..
..
O 00
OTHER LEGISLATIVE BRANCH AGENCIES Con.
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Temporary Commission on Financial
BA
Oversight of the District of
Columbia: Salaries and expenses
0
801
4,912
5,175
846
753
4,645
4,697
4,540
4,317
BAl
0J
BAl
0J
BA
0
BAl
0J
BA
0
-2,516
-426
-2,469
-2,469
-30
-88
-17
-92
-92
2,366
2,629
-28
403
310
-1
3
2,084
2,136
-30
1,979
1,756
-30
922,722
775,366
223,519
223,539
971,182
1,015,587
1,050,998
1,102,443
245
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
THE JUDICIARY
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
752
Care of the buildings and grounds
752
BA
6,582
1,576
0
Salaries and expenses
6,052
1,602
BA
1,454
196
7,482
'250
7,560
8,273
826
7,973
0
1,113
270
BA
0
8,036
7,165
1,772
1,872
8,563
9,055
9,099
8,958
853
224
222
898
"29
935
950
844
BA
2,630
678
2,521
630
2,705
"108
2,803
2,782
0
BA
2,454
623
2,400
587
2,536
"59
2,615
2,738
0
Total Federal funds Supreme
Court of the United States.
800
r
31
1,495
985
COURT OF CUSTOMS AND PATENT APPEALS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
752
BA
949
0
CUSTOMS COURT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
752
2,785
COURT OF CLAIMS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
752
2,727
COURTS OF APPEALS, DISTRICT COURTS, AND
OTHER JUDICIAL SERVICES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
752
BA
0
28,750
28,041
7,230
7,127
29,782
29,736
30,835
30,786
Salaries of supporting personnel..752
BA
119,475
31,198
150,492
0
117,334
31,686
132,250
"6,813
139,347
19,046
4,775
24,752
0
19,954
4,055
20,686
"314
21,758
BA
20,000
5,000
23,250
0
19,377
4,099
19,350
^2,150
18,836
^2,093
Travel and miscellaneous expenses
752
BA
0
20,040
18,377
4,883
4,080
24,380
24,592
28,653
28,098
Salaries and expenses of United
States magistrates
752
BA
10,914
2,857
15,057
0
9,918
2,860
12,341
"1,520
13,608
0
339
83
600
600
Salaries of judges
Representation by court-appointed
counsel and operation of defender
organizations
751
Fees of jurors and commissioners
752
Speedy trial planning
See footnotes at end of table.
240-000 O - 77 - 17
752
BA
150,276
24,931
23,075
^57
14,975
246
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
THE JUDICIARY—Continued
COURTS OF APPEALS, DISTRICT COURTS, AND
OTHER JUDICIAL SERVICES—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Pre-trial services
Judiciary
agencies, The
752
0
1,221
472
3,000
3,000
Commission on Revision of the
Federal Court Appellate System of
the United States..
752
0
98
8
Salaries and expenses of referees
B
A
26,071
7,029
31,998
6,784
29,541
"815
30,127
0
B
A
0
23,425
244,296
238,084
62,972
61,254
279,942
283,697
305,037
307,599
752
B
A
8,031
2,055
10,500
7,720
2,239
8,980
"354
9,458
Judicial survivors' annuity program
0
B
A
0
752
Total Federal funds Courts of
Appeals, District Courts, and
other Judicial Services.
31,801
ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE OF THE UNITED
STATES COURTS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
602
10,258
'31,100
'31,100
Intragovernmental funds:
752
Total Federal funds
Administrative office of the
United States Courts.
0
B
A
0
-103
34
8,031
7,617
2,055
2,273
40,434
40,576
10,500
10,258
B
A
6,565
1,739
4,135
1,149
7,650
"102
7,172
6,560
0
Consolidated working fund
64,000
56,454
16,000
71,980
92,595
16,189
75,150
91,161
4,570
4,415
425
958
4,940
4,713
8,099
6,622
2,000
107
12
1,500
381
18 ...
FEDERAL JUDICIAL CENTER
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
752
7,332
SPACE AND FACILITIES, THE JUDICIARY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Space and facilities
BA
0
752
EXPENSES, UNITED STATES COURT FACILITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Furniture and furnishings
752
BA
0
BICENTENNIAL EXPENSES, THE JUDICIARY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Bicentennial activities
See footnotes at end of table.
806
BA
0
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
247
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
THE JUDICIARY—Continued
JUDICIARY TRUST FUNOS
Trust Funds
Judicial survivors'
Indefinite
Permanent
annuity
fund:
602
BA
'31,100
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
750
902
Total Federal funds
2,216
1,355
2,147
2,238
BA
0
4^363
3,593
BA
0
Operation of the Public Defender
Service for the District of Columbia:
Permanent
751
Total trust funds Judiciary
Trust Funds.
BA
0
BA
0
343,435
323,742
549
347
581
521
U30
868
86,488
85,146
2,276
1,403
1,911
1,894
2,333
1,443
2,006
1,970
35,287
3,297
O39
3,413
419,946
428,216
438,360
438,772
BA1
0J
-161
-233
-166
-166
BA)
0 J
BA
0
-7
-12
-15
-15
343,267
323,574
86,243
84,901
419,765
428,035
438,179
438,591
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts-.
Proprietary receipts from the
public
751
Total trust funds
Interfund transactions
602
4,363
3,593
1,130
868
35,287
3,297
4,339
3,413
BA1
0 J
BA
0
-2,147
-581
-1,911
-2,006
549
287
33,376
1,386
2^333
1,407
BA1
0 J
BA
0
Total The Judiciary
2^216
1,446
-31,100
345,483
325,020
86,792
85,188
422,041
398,321
440,512
439,998
EXECUTIVE OFFICE O F THE PRESIDENT
COMPENSATION OF THE PRESIDENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Compensation of the President
802
BA
0
250
250
62
62
250
250
250
250
THE WHITE HOUSE OFFICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
BA
16,763
4,191
16,530
"632
17,580
0
See footnotes at end of table.
802
15,791
4,136
17,126
17,616
T H E
248
BUDGET
FOR
FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
TQ
1978
actual
actual
1977
estimate
estimate
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT—Continued
EXECUTIVE RESIDENCE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operating expenses
802
BA
485
2,095
2,157
1,863
543
<35
"50
2,178
2,159
BA
274
26
61
0
298
34
161
0
1,902
OFFICIAL RESIDENCE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operating expenses
802
61
170
SPECIAL ASSISTANCE TO THE PRESIDENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
802
BA
1,001
253
1,246
1,327
0
1,044
217
"25
1,269
BA
1,621
400
1,718
0
1,571
323
1,737
UtfT
1,575
400
323
U18
1,737
U4?
1,865
3,236
2,991
822
1,101
3,300
3,300
3,529
3,529
1,329
COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
802
1,841
1,865
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
Total Council
Advisers.
of
802
Economic
0
BA
0
4
COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Council on Environmental Quality
and Office of Environmental
Quality
802
BA
0
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
802
190
-765
500
BA
0
3,236
3,181
822
336
3,300
3,800
3,529
3,529
BA
1,650
412
1,450
"1,450
0
Total Council on Environmental
Quality and Office of
Environmental Quality.
0
1,614
246
1,612
1,440
COUNCIL ON INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC
POLICY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses: Indefinite.802
See footnotes at end of table.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
249
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
TQ
1977
actual
actual
estimate
1978
estimate
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT—Continued
COUNCIL ON WAGE AND PRICE STABILITY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
802
BA
1,589
418
0
1,464
566
1,607
"69
1,666
*1,690
BA
1,646
413
1,850
338
1,700
"75
1,768
0
1,542
1,850
-34
Ui46
1,508
413
338
34
U75
1,802
U50
1,850
BA
3,052
674
0
3,192
607
1,680
DOMESTIC COUNCIL
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
802
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
Total Domestic Council
802 0
BA
0
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
802
3,210
"60
3,310
3,305
25,300
"572
25,970
1,627
"54
1,650
27,553
27,620
26,270
3,320
OFFICE OF DRUG ABUSE POLICY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
802
BA
250
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
802
Office of the Federal Procurement
Policy: Salaries and expenses..802
Total Office of Management
and Budget.
BA
24,250
6,058
0
BA
22,914
754
5,200
192
0
BA
0
678
25,004
23,592
173
6,250
5,373
BA
0
500
500
3
26,270
1,840
1,840
28,110
28,110
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
POLICY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
See footnotes at end of table.
802
2,300
2,200
3,200
3,200
250
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT—Continued
OFFICE OF THE SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE
FOR TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
802
BA
2,020
509
2,250
^120
"65
2,330
*115
2,680
2,018
500
BA
8,500
2,100
2,962
2,136
8,206
"270
8,365
0
9,009
2,545
^5
OFFICE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
802
2,944
SPECIAL ACTION OFFICE FOR DRUG ABUSE
PREVENTION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
bb3
0
6,055
751
2,701
Special fund for drug abuse
553
0
6,770
37
3,077
....
Total Special Action Office for
Drug Abuse Prevention.
0
12,825
788
5,778
...
BA
0
69,258
79,224
17,515
16,208
74,877
81,319
71,992
72,012
118,000
102,900
(185,000)
324,500
15,000
180,000
(205,300)
324,000
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
Total Executive Office of the
President.
FUNDS APPROPRIATED TO THE PRESIDENT
APPALACHIAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Appalachian regional development
programs
452
Contract authority
Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority....
B
A
B
A
B
A
126,000
12,500
0
185 000
(162,200)
318,360
0
B
A
0
923
178
2,000
2,000
311,000
319,283
12,500
73,539
118,000
326,500
297,900
326,000
B
A
150,000
37,500
150,000
0
291,137
71,321
100,000
100,000
250,000
^50,000
(37,500)
73,361
Public enterprise funds:
Appalachian housing fund
452
Total Appalachian Regional
Development Programs.
DISASTER RELIEF
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Disaster relief
See footnotes at end of table.
. 453
1
100,000
^50,000
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
251
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
FUNDS APPROPRIATED TO THE PRESIDENT—Continued
ECONOMIC STABILIZATION ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
802
0
802
BA
0
450
32
1,000
373
250
-15
1,000
1,000
25
499
UNANTICIPATED NEEDS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Unanticipated needs
1,000
1,000
EXPANSION OF DEFENSE PRODUCTION
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Revolving fund, Defense Production
Act
054
0
-1,861
EXPENSES OF MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Expenses of management
improvement
0
126
802
FOREIGN ASSISTANCE
International Security Assistance
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Military assistance
052
BA
Liquidation of contract authority....
0
International military education and
training
052
Military assistance, South
Vietnamese Forces
052
Foreign military credit sales
052
225,000
(275,000)
366,999
244,365
/(
"230,000
15,000
400,000
"15,000
25,000
24,983
7,769
300,000
147,589
BA
1,065,000
140,000
280,178
757,666
1,689,900
600,826
591,093
269,700
284,638
27,842
1,734,700
1,457,304
10,548
"1,459,200
1,430,550
-68,155
-16,322
-7,000
-4,500
BA
12,684,260
1,132,989
6,508,667
6,916,499
0
(7,257,095)
6,656,753
(2,539,249)
1,812,972
(8,800,000)
8,335,000
(8,800,000)
8,800,000
Security supporting assistance
151 BA
0
Emergency security assistance for 0
Israel
052
Military credit sales to Israel
052 0
5,750
8,879
1,467
247,300
BA
0
0
0
23,000
27,200
740,000
"-41,500
590,000
"-15,000
"35,700
31,100
"709,500
570,000
"-10,000
1,901
Public enterprise funds:
Liquidation of foreign military sales
fund
052
Trusf
Funds
Advances, foreign military sales: 052
Contract authority, Permanent,
indefinite.
Liquidation of contract authority
See footnotes at end of table.
0
252
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
FUNDS APPROPRIATED TO THE PRESIDENT—Continued
FOREIGN ASSISTANCE—Continued
3,002,900
1,920,431
442,650
1,308,535
2,720,500
2,483,604
2,434,400
2,317,150
-218,692
-114,173
-311,300
-309,600
2,784,208
1,701,739
328,477
1,194,362
2,409,200
2,172,304
2,124,800
2,007,550
OCD
12,684,260
6,656,753
1,132,989
1,812,972
6,508,667
8,335,000
6,916,499
8,800,000
OCD
International Security Assistance—Continued
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
BA}
Proprietary receipts from the
0
public
052
Total Federal funds
BA
-7,257,095
-2,539,249
-8,800,000
-8,800,000
BA
0
BA
0
5,427,165
-600,342
8,211,373
1,101,397
-1,406,260
726,277
-1,077,783
468,085
-2,291,333
-465,000
117,867
1,707,304
-1,883,501
64,513
-3,302
11,149
M,985,470
345,427
745,477
'540,000
864,700
^3,000
12,000
"226,000
0
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)....
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
052
Total trust funds
Total International
Assistance.
Security
241,299
2,007,550
Indochina postwar reconstruction assistance
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Indochina postwar
assistance
reconstruction
151
0
International Development Assistance
MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
BA
695,635
0
901,949
Payment to the International Fund
for Agricultural Development....151
BA
0
200,000
International
programs
BA
201,750
18,550
0
143,421
84,740
BA
0
1,097,385
1,045,370
18,550
430,167
2,000
212,750
'31,000
194,763
'21,886
1,529,227
1,086,349
BA
0
BA
0
684,400
641,249
165,850
13,316
856,000
688,032
International
financial
institutions
151
organizations
and
151
Total Federal funds,
Multilateral Assistance.
974,695
^84,000
215,209
^8,221
2,211,470
1,294,125
BILATERAL ASSISTANCE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Functional development
program
assistance
151
Sahel development program
See footnotes at end of table.
151
"1,006,800
801,600
"50,000
J
5,000
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
253
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
FUNDS APPROPRIATED TO THE PRESIDENT—Continued
FOREIGN ASSISTANCE—Continued
International Development Assistance—Con.
BILATERAL ASSISTANCE—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
16,680
^4,570
21,450
580
16,680
M.570
21,450
2,400
6,982
19,800
17,030
BA
0
95,000
10,000
26,170
Operating expenses of the Agency for
International Development
151
BA
194,600
8,190
55,500
*7,500
13,576
"45,000
62,758
*220,200
201,688
218,665
BA
0
14,791
5,000
46,158
196,109
Miscellaneous appropriations
15,335
60,841
44,332
252,771
107,600
140,098
65,080
BA
16,680
0
16,090
hospitals
151
BA
0
19,800
International disaster assistance.151
Payment to Foreign Service
retirement and disability fund .152
American
abroad
schools
and
151
18,552
45,000
77,821
192,000
"3,400
Public enterprise funds:
Development loans—revolving fund
151
Development loan fund (liquidation
account)
151
0
1
Housing and other credit guaranty
programs
151
Overseas Private Investment
Corporation:
151
Authority to spend public debt
receipts.
0
-92
616
Inter-American Foundation
0
-48,286
7,128
-1,765
1,567
0
193
-375
-99
95
151
BA
0
-34,515
8,179
"150,000
-7,833
8,280
Intragovernmental funds:
Advance acquisition of
property—revolving fund
151
Office of the Inspector General of
Foreign Assistance
151
Consolidated working fund
151
2,523
-22
Total Federal funds, Bilateral
Assistance.
BA
0
1,015,480
1,137,450
1,500,950
975,627
233,750
348,228
1,181,946
1,232,908
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
151
BA
0
5,224
5,612
679
556
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
BA
0
2,112,865
252,300
778,395
2,666,677
2,268,295
3,712,420
2,527,033
-101,324
-282,779
-299,550
-67,886
-214,065
-233,805
83,090
609,185
2,169,833
3,179,065
1,771,451
1,993,678
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
2,020,997
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
150
BA1
0 J
-200,102
902
BA1
0 I
-151,923
Total Federal funds
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
1,760,840
1,668,972
254
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
FUNDS APPROPRIATED TO THE PRESIDENT—Continued
FOREIGN ASSISTANCE-Continued
International Development Assistance—Con.
Summary—Continued
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
BA\
public
151 0 J
5,224
5,612
679
556
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
-5,224
-679
-4,000
-4,000
388
-123
1,760,840
2,169,833
3,179,065
1,669,360
83,090
609,062
1,771,451
1,993,678
BA
0
37,500
42,089
9,375
3,044
34,000
35,700
"39,000
151
BA
0
5,000
2,402
1,250
1,442
5,000
4,377
"5,000
4,617
requirements
151
BA
0
50,000
35,422
10,000
7,942
23,000
35,639
"25,000
38,049
BA
0
55.000
37,824
11,250
9,384
28,000
40,016
30,000
42,666
BA
0
4,637,548
3,515,137
432,192
1,812,673
4,641,033
4,030,620
5,372,865
4,079,994
BA
0
5,427,165
-599,954
-1,406,260
-726,400
-2,291,333
-465,000
-1,883,501
Total trust funds
0
Total International Development
Assistance.
BA
0
International Harcotics Control Assistance
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
International
Indefinite
narcotics
control:
151
36,100
Contingencies
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
President's foreign
contingency fund
Middle East special
fund
assistance
Total Contingencies
Total Federal
Assistance.
funds
Total trust funds
Assistance.
Foreign
Foreign
ISRAEL-UNITED STATES BINATIONAL
INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
FOUNDATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Israel-United States binational
industrial research and
development foundation
151
•30,000
^30,000
BA
0
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS LOAN FOR PORTUGAL
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Balance of
Portugal
payments
loan
for
155
305
BA
B
A
0
300,000
300,000
BA
0
"130,000
'130,000
406,116
400,340
327,421
561,200
1,008,110
J
PETROLEUM RESERVES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Petroleum reserves
Current, indefinite
See footnotes at end of table.
24,152
15,350
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
255
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
FUNDS APPROPRIATED TO THE PRESIDENT—Continued
PETROLEUM RESERVES—Continued
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts.Proprietary receipts from the
public
305
BA
0 .
24,152
BAl.
0 J
-12,340
BA "
0 .
Total Petroleum Reserves
15,350
24,152
BA
806,456
327,421
-400,340
15,000
3,010
406,116
-12,340
-72,919
2,604
'6,360
12,396
^2,604
561,200
1,008,110
-561,200
446,910
EMERGENCY REFUGEE AND MIGRATION
ASSISTANCE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Emergency refugee and migration
assistance fund
151
0
15,000
11,244
"3,756
PUBLIC WORKS ACCELERATION
federal Funds
General and special funds:
Public works acceleration
452
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
0
1,165
..
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
.
052
5,709,417
4,695,362
781,175
2,243,562
6,910,993
6,140,349
7,370,920
6,553,059
BAl
-218,692
-114,173
-311,300
-309,600
-200,102
-101,324
-282,779
-299,550
-12,340
-400,340
-561,200
0 I
150
BA}
0 J
305
BAl..
0 J
902
BAl
0 J
-151,923
-67,886
-214,065
-233,805
BA
0
5,138,700
4,124,645
485,452
1,947,839
5,702,509
4,931,865
5,966,765
5,148,904
BA
0
12,689,484
6,662,365
1,133,668
1,813,528
6,512,667
8,339,000
6,920,499
8,804,000
BAl
0 J
-7,257,095
-2,539,249
-8,800,000
-8,800,000
BAl
0 J
-5,224
-679
-4,000
-4,000
Total Federal funds
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
052
151
Total trust funds
BA
0
5,427,165
-599,954
-1,406,260
-726,400
-2,291,333
-465,000
-1,883,501
Total Funds Appropriated to the
President.
BA
0
10,565,865
3,524,691
-920,808
1,221,439
3,411,176
4,466,865
4,083,264
5,148,904
See footnotes at end of table.
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
256
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Departmental Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Departmental administration
352
BA
16,402
4.151
14.129
14,292
c22
352
BA
Office of the Inspector General
352
BA
0
-885
564
3,062
24.223
6.121
23,618
Office of the Secretary
17,435
2.326
5,711
8.517
1,259
"651
14,410
2,283
"54
2,244
13,900
2,496
2,403
2.156
8.708
'156
"457
9,461
1,831
8,986
9,282
-5,024
-36
-1,352
-236
51.468
12.992
6,328
54,217
53,078
54,307
53,168
BA
7,610
^1,397
13,595
0
352
28,058
8,816
Office of the General Counsel
26,366
'396
"696
<-299
26,886
7,610
* 1,397
13,595
BA
27,583
Intragovernmental funds:
352
0
Miscellaneous consolidated working
funds
352
0
Working capital fund
Total Federal funds
Departmental Administration.
BA
0
47,871
Federal Grain Inspection Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
352
Public enterprise funds:
Inspection
and weighing
services
352
BA
0
Total Federal funds Federal
Grain Inspection Service.
BA
0
Total Federal funds
Departmental Management.
BA
0
51.468
47,871
B
A
281,839
BA
0
239,285
^8,007
17.014
13,595
17,014
13,595
12,992
6,328
71,231
67,902
66,763
64,417
270,576
^1,020
'1,480
"8,533
1,000
319,719
66,560
315,513
^1,020
315,189
70,092
SCIENCE AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Agricultural Research Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Agricultural Research Service
Reappropriation..
See footnotes at end of table.
352
1.000
257
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
SCIENCE AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS—Con.
Agricultural Research Service—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
BA
0
7,500
7,369
290,339
246,654
1,850
3,012
66,267
69,572
7,500
9,067
290,109
325,600
7,500
7,100
327,219
322,289
BA
0
796
787
324
202
807
782
808
798
BA
149,425
39,499
189,237
0
158,177
45,499
(Prevention and control of health
problems)
553
BA
228,304
65,216
0
Total, Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service.
BA
0
216,615
377,729
374,792
10
0
50,497
104,715
95,996
BA
0
377,829
374,792
104,715
95,996
171,244
^1,041
"4,256
186,148
"1,041
232,361
"8,217
239,294
417,119
426,483
37
2
50
417,446
426,533
471
431,319
434,315
BA
0
1,656
1,653
437
328
2,428
2,432
2,667
2,671
BA
114,460
28,615
136,687
0
104,586
28,761
126,652
4
2,257
"113
131,326
^597
5
5
5
5
240,208
^911
"287
240,035
^820
242,471
Scientific activities overseas (special
foreign currency program)
352
8A
0
Total Federal funds Agricultural
Research Service.
Trust
Funds
Miscellaneous contributed
Permanent, indefinite
funds-.
352
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service:
(Agricultural research and
services)
352
Animal quarantine station-.
Permanent, indefinite
352
Total Federal funds Animal and
Plant Health Inspection
Service.
Trust
BA
0
192,889
242,082
240,955
431,319
433,844
Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
352
Cooperative State Research Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Cooperative State Research Service
352
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous contributed funds-.
Permanent, indefinite
352
BA
0
2 ..
.
138,946
^755
Extension Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
See footnotes at end of table.
352
BA
228,935
57,453
219,407
Extension Service
56,973
240,592
258
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
SCIENCE AND EDUCATION PROGRAMS—Con.
Extension Service—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
Intragovernmental funds:
-1,734
-200
2,411
228,935
217,506
57,453
55,239
241,406
240,655
242,471
243,094
B
A
352
-1,901
B
A
0
5.539
1,397
5,372
1,192
6,026
"167
6,541
6,880
0
Consolidated working fund
0
Total Federal funds Extension
Service.
national Agricultural Library
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
National Agricultural Library
352
Library facilities
352
6,970
5.539
5,372
1,397
1,192
6,193
6,583
6,880
6,970
Total Federal funds Science
and Education Programs.
0
B
A
0
B
A
0
1.017.102
948,910
258,447
250,760
1,084,176
1,131,294
1,144,576
1,146,369
Total trust funds Science and
Education Programs.
B
A
0
2.452
2,442
761
530
3,240
3,219
3,480
3,474
2,802
r
4
"117
2,766
3,006
Total Federal funds National
Agricultural Library.
42
.
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Economic Management Support Center
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
352
BA
2,860
Statistical Reporting Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
31.415
7.936
34,019
37,508
31,827
6,926
"1,284
35,058
^627
37,263
BA
0
22
23
12
21
BA
25.782
6,517
24,638
Trust
352
B
A
0
Statistical Reporting Service
6,280
1,830
-2,828
2,000
2,000
25.782
6,517
3,452
27,994
29,994
29,405
/teo7
Funds
Miscellaneous contributed
Permanent, indefinite
funds-.
352
...
Economic Research Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Economic Research Service
352
26,080
^720
"1.194
27,274
^720
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
151
Total Federal funds Economic
Research Service.
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
26,468
29,405
29,405
31,405
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
259
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS—Continued
Economic Research Service—Continued
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous contributed funds:
BA
Permanent, indefinite
352
0
4
213
Total Federal funds Agricultural
Economics.
BA
0
57,197
58,295
14,453
10,378
Total trust funds Agricultural
Economics.
BA
0
26
236
20
24
5,171
1,321
0
5,164
1,199
B
A
2,559
647
0
2,764
54
61
15
15
66,847
68,445
15
15
15
15
69,919
71,528
15
15
5,226
"619
"234
5,460
^619
6,152
MARKETING SERVICES
Packers and Stockyards Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Packers and Stockyards
B
A
Administration
352
Farmer Cooperative Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Farmer Cooperative Service
352
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous contributed funds:
Permanent, indefinite
352
Total Federal funds Marketing
Services.
Total trust
Services.
funds
Marketing
6,005
2,920
531
2,589
"135
2,710
11
11
50
72
65
63
8,803
8,789
9,072
8,911
2,906
B
A
0
B
A
0
B
A
0
7,730
7,928
54
61
11
11
50
72
65
63
BA
37,071
9,283
43,040
0
0
33,431
11,393
39,099
"851
41,238
428
101
500
500
BA
0
37,071
33,859
9,283
11,494
39,950
41,738
43,040
44,828
BA
0
1,089,917
691,125
146,220
420,944
1,169,255
1,088,997
"922,885
1,092,160
1,968
1,730
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
Foreign Agricultural Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Foreign Agricultural Service
352
Salaries and expenses (special
foreign currency program)
352
Total Federal funds Foreign
Agricultural Service.
Foreign Assistance Programs
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Expenses, Public Law 480, foreign
assistance programs, Agriculture
151
See footnotes at end of table.
44,328
260
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS—Continued
Foreign Assistance Programs—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Increase (-) or decrease in amount
owed by general fund to
Commodity Credit Corporation..351
0
398,792
-274,724
80,258
-169,275
Total Federal funds Foreign
Assistance Programs.
BA
0
1.089,917
1,089,917
146.220
146,220
1,169,255
1,169,255
922,885
922,885
Total Federal funds
International Programs.
BA
0
1,126.988
1,123,776
155.503
157,714
1,209,205
1,210,993
965,925
967,713
160,407
156,811
AGRICULTURAL STABILIZATION AND
CONSERVATION
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
351
Sugar Act program
BA
0
151.054
147,994
37,762
35,503
157,280
153,790
351
Salaries and expenses
o
10 271
986
13
program
B
A
Contract authority
Liquidation of contract authority....
BA
Agricultural
conservation
0
'90,000
190.000
(190,000)
117,536
(85,000)
121,196
190,000
(105,000)
137,000
Water Bank Act program
302
BA
0
10,000
2,537
2,500
2,183
10,000
4,327
Cropland adjustment program
351
BA
0
42.000
37 351
21,000
11
20 857
Conservation reserve program
351
0
(190,000)
196,500
• / 22,500
6,677
..
_1
Emergency
conservation
measures
453
BA
0
10,000
11,242
2,500
3,399
10,000
15,000
10,000
15,000
Dairy and
program
beekeeper
indemnity
351
BA
0
6.650
3 717
1.000
424
4,050
4 050
4,050
4 050
3.750
1,729
15,000
17,170
Cropland conversion program
351
Forestry incentives program
302
o
112
BA
0
15.000
8,118
.
15,408
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
302
0
114
...
BA
0
424.704
338,991
68.512
165,431
386,330
352,207
264,457
416,946
BA
Total Federal funds Agricultural
Stabilization and
Conservation Service.
12,000
3.110
11,976
12,000
CORPORATIONS
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Administrative
expenses
and
operating
0
See footnotes at end of table.
W
24
351
11,762
3,504
12,000
12,000
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
261
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
CORPORATIONS—Continued
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation—Con.
Federal Funds—Continued
Public enterprise funds:
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
fund
351
BA
0
3,528
1,781
61,529
6,655
(8,184)
(1,793)
(8,006)
-4(750)
«(628)
(11,088)
BA
0
12,000
15,290
3,110
5,285
52,000
73,529
12,000
18,655
BA
0
2,750,000
1,014,386
451,868
189,053
1,820,243
1,234,342
863,527
(39,400)
(9,850)
(41,220)
(39,800)
27,250
45,460
1,815
47,275
12,483
12,483
3,299
50,000
-50,000
Limitation on administrative and
operating expenses.
Total Federal funds Federal
Crop Insurance Corporation.
30,000
^10,000
Commodity Credit Corporation
SUPPORT AND RELATED ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Price support and related programs:
Reimbursement for net realized
losses
351
Limitation on administrative
expenses.
SPECIAL ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
National Wool Act (special fund):
Permanent, indefinite
351
BA
0
Intragovernmental funds:
(Game bird protection)
351
0
-20
(Conservation loans)
302
0
50,000
(Purchase of commodities for
donations)
351
Increase or decrease (-) in amount
owed to the Corporation by Public
Law 480 general fund for foreign
assistance programs
:
351
0
Total
Federal
funds, Special
0
-398,792
6,867
1,500
274,724
-80,258
27,250
169,275
47,275
12,483
0
-299,481
233,426
-16,275
122,574
Total Federal funds Commodity
Credit Corporation.
BA
0
2,777,250
714,905
685,294
236,328
1,803,968
1,246,825
986,101
Total Federal funds
Corporations.
BA
0
2,789,250
730,195
3.110
690,579
288,328
1,877,497
1,258,825
1,004,756
Activities.
BA
3,871
20
-50,000
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Rural Development Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Rural Development Service
240-000 O - 77 - 18
BA
1,341
366
1,433
1,663
0
See footnotes at end of table.
452
1,076
252
1,399
1,579
262
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
RURAL DEYELOPMENT-Continued
Rural Electrification Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
305
BA
20,713
5,432
21,176
Salaries and expenses
4,856
37,500
24,148
2,969
2,586
1,875
1,183
2,250
856
40,791
37,383
875
824
21,350
"949
22,620
22,567
200,000
163,037
10,000
10,650
7,500
5,040
9,000
5,464
170,000
<9
"5,827
180,262
3,500
5,251
5,000
4,900
50,000
198,814
7,917
181,684
800
-205
175,429
188
-440,678
141,189
-313,627
47,484
327,402
447
396,821
164,735
141,846
75,547
22,620
Farmers Home Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
disposal
451
BA
0
452
BA
0
Rural housing for domestic farm
labor
401
BA
0
Mutual and self-help housing
401
BA
0
Salaries and expenses
452
BA
250,000
75,264
11,875
7,362
7,500
2,635
9,000
3,449
155,102
protection
452
BA
0
148,463
3,500
3,585
Rural water
grants
and waste
Rural development grants
Rural community
grants
Very low-income
grants
fire
housing
repair
604
BA
0
11,000
10,256
180,315
100
Public enterprise funds:
Self-help housing land development
fund
401
0
Rural housing insurance fund
Permanent, indefinite
BA
BA
0
Agricultural credit
401
insurance fund
351
BA
0
Rural development insurance fund
452
Authority to spend public debt
receipts, Permanent, indefinite.
BA
-170
-71
122,000
1,161
514,010
1,458
169,214
295,779
25,214
-159,027
90,702
-455
2,226
178,123
423,663
183,921
428,771
126,301
50,691
-1,000
901,427
-329,210
925,201
-305,191
93,547
109,100
-540
893,362
1,055,424
917,592
1,079,623
214,423
"8,721
220,527
229,060
Total Federal funds Farmers
Home Administration.
BA
0
Total Federal funds
Development.
BA
0
120,556
82,008
-4,497
873,961
615,336
896,015
637,588
BA
206,807
51,521
207,483
57,069
Community Services loan fund
452
Rural
BA
0
0
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS
Soil Conservation Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Conservation operations
See footnotes at end of table.
302
226,792
263
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS-Continued
So/7 Conservation Service—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
River basin surveys
investigations
301
flood
prevention
301
Great plains conservation program
302
Resource conservation
development
and
3,687
0
BA
15,975
11,196
3,767
2,799
0
BA
12,101
211,745
2,668
38,408
0
BA
156,660
22,379
47,712
5,951
18,779
29,972
6,144
7,493
BA
0
26,997
496,844
437,995
15,006
8,502
109,859
125,862
14,745
"617
16,946
11,196
"455
12,294
158,199
"1,840
230,617
21,379
"260
20,702
29,972
"707
31,407
462,514
532,493
27,304
422,487
456,310
1,139
628
311
131
337
195
132
50
924
989
276
264
937
1,124
275
284
469
245
469
245
109,859
125,862
469
245
1,200
1,253
1,200
1,253
462,514
532,493
1,200
1,253
1,212
1,408
1,212
1,408
422,487
456,310
1,212
1,408
45,124
"1,703
46,609
1,600
1,625
83,747
38,945
50,927
302
Total Federal funds Soil
Conservation Service.
Trust
14,745
0
BA
301
Watershed planning
Watershed and
operations
BA
and
14,990
10,647
10,791
138,992
158,095
5,499
18,338
23,283
Funds
Miscellaneous contributed funds:
(Water resources and power):
Permanent, indefinite
301
(Conservation and land
management): Permanent,
indefinite
BA
0
BA
0
302
Total Federal funds
Environmental Programs.
BA
0
BA
0
BA
0
Total trust funds Environmental
Programs.
BA
0
1,450
759
1,450
759
496,844
437,995
1,450
759
352 BA
47,111
12,913
0
BA
0
BA
0
43,240
1,600
-1
238,155
286,433
9,922
400
200
164,507
63,909
Total, Miscellaneous
contributed funds.
Total trust funds Soil
Conservation Service.
CONSUMER PROGRAMS
Agricultural Marketing Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Marketing services
Payments to States and possessions
352
Funds for strengthening markets,
income, and supply (section 32):
Permanent, indefinite
604
See footnotes at end of table.
50,709
THE BUDGET
264
FOR
FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
CONSUMER PROGRAMS—Continued
Agricultural Marketing Service—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Perishable Agricultural Commodities
Act fund: Permanent, indefinite
352
Total Federal funds Agricultural
Marketing Service.
BA
0
1,675
1,693
BA
0
288,541
331,365
BA
0
0
43,941
43,064
-1,511
BA
0
43,941
41,553
443
359
178,263
74,390
1,605
1,777
1,570
2,063
133,779
88,956
52,497
52,772
11,614
8,841
-950
44,537
44,537
44,273
44,273
11,614
7,891
44,537
44,537
44,273
44,273
Trust Funds
Agricultural Marketing Service:
Permanent, indefinite
352
Milk market orders assessment fund
351
Total trust funds Agricultural
Marketing Service.
Food and Nutrition Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Food program administration
604
BA
0
Food stamp program
604
BA
5,196,365
1,237,441
4,786,468
'-299
0
Special milk program
604
*64,451
'-6,491
63,747
'-3,946
"5,627,000
5,631,954
1,325,159
4,754,184
144,000
25,500
155,000
88,710
46,993
181,159
1,153,072
418,000
1,792,032
1,037,282
1,039,000
2,842,204
'-2,356,282
1,319,000
2,879,207
'-2,725,991
BA
0
Child nutrition programs
604
Permanent
BA
0
Special supplemental food program
(WIC)
604
Appropriation, Permanent
Food donations program
BA
604
737,111
1,801,566
BA
106,000
BA
0
144,000
142,546
96,180
41,483
BA
17,839
4,460
0
Elderly feeding program
See footnotes at end of table.
604
BA
0
7,776
20,000
346,012
'-882,000
5,593,800
'-882,000
34,900
'-34,900
49,810
'-31,521
250,000
446
247,000
'-247,000
275,850
297,140
'-250,156
"9,620
23,166
^3,943
22,702
^3,808
9,995
^135
22,000
20,700
"30,000
28,240
265
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
CONSUMER PROGRAMS—Continued
Food and Nutrition Service—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Child nutrition reform
604
^1,857,275
•'2,000,000
Total Federal funds Food and
Nutrition Service.
BA
0
BA
0
7,498,387
7,672,552
1,801,581
1,760,093
8,071,310
8,100,607
6,699,855
7,028,460
Total Federal funds Consumer
Programs.
BA
0
7,786,928
8,003,917
1,979,844
1,834,483
8,205,089
8,189,563
6,752,352
7,081,232
Total trust funds
Programs.
BA
0
43,941
41,553
11,614
7,891
44,537
44,537
44,273
44,273
BA
605,096
192,958
544,966
562,060
202,790
517,492
"207,975
"14,764
578,789
"187,975
BA
18,523
11,269
0
26,627
6,173
35,098
17,389
56
17,940
Consumer
FOREST PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
Forest Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Forest protection and utilization...302
Construction and land acquisition
302
Youth Conservation Corps
302
BA
0
Forest roads and trails
302
18,016
"234
"284
36,685
"234
22,564
30,000
34,000
16,200
18,384
BA
Contract authority
Liquidation of contract authority....
Forest roads
(112,857)
136,510
467
States
for
Other general appropriations
(78,781)
161,500
212,115
77,000
1,387
280
1,373
"13
2,022
13
280
-1
160
182
165
140
11
54
94
38
38
700
700
5,200
4,700
BA
0
tree
302
BA
1,368
834
1,393
0
2
302
"1,990
-39,828 ..
(208,104)
211,565
173,000
17,300
302
0
Assistance to
improvement
19,800
126,241
BA
0
537,309
"20,000
1,387
Acquisition of lands for national
forests, special acts
302
BA
0
161
135
Acquisition of lands to complete
land exchanges
302
BA
0
35
39
Rangeland improvements
BA
0
700
721
of
303
BA
0
2,880
2,750
2,212
1,390
2,475
2,734
4,084
4,000
Forest Service permanent
appropriations: Permanent,
indefinite
302
BA
0
65,096
63,364
60,508
57,512
46,928
44,321
86,500
87,150
Construction and operation
recreation facilities
See footnotes at end of table.
302
.
...
266
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
FOREST PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
—Continued
Forest Service—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Forest Service permanent
appropriations: Permanent,
indefinite
852
BA
0
89,115
89,115
109,929
109,929
50,039
50,039
190,529
190,529
-886
- 9 369
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund
302
0
- 2 542
- 3 345
Consolidated working fund
302
0
-4,073
7,825
Forest
BA
0
818,072
893,490
377,766
400,984
1,025,669
1,179,867
1,209,989
1,112,568
Cooperative work: Permanent, indefinite
302
BA
0
74,017
114,245
24,880
16,346
78,600
11,400
94,500
75,000
Highland scenic highway
0
Total Federal
Service.
funds
13,833 .
Trust Funds
404
2,600
8,100
Total trust funds Forest Service
BA
0
74,017
114,245
24,880
16,346
78,600
14,000
94,500
83,100
Total Federal funds Forest
Protection and Management.
BA
0
818,072
893,490
377,766
400,984
1,025,669
1,179,867
1,209,989
1,112,568
Total trust funds Forest
Protection and Management.
BA
0
74,017
114,245
24,880
16,346
78,600
14,000
94,500
83,100
BA
0
15,472,298
13,228,956
3,166,375
4,073,020
13,733,393
14,316,049
13,083,096
13,412,719
BA1
0 1
-164,916
-176,181
-110,497
-237,455
302
BA1
0 1
-310,581
-33,062
-447,476
-400,021
350
BA1
0 J
-1,918
-2,591
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts-.
Proprietary receipts from the
public
300
450
7,447
1,088
-25
-25
902
-2,242
BAl
0 I
-524
-169
-168
-168
BA1
-155
-120
-145
-145
BA
15,002,297
2,955,689
13,173,164
12,442,691
0
600
-1,272
12,758,955
3,862,334
13,755,820
12,772,314
BA
0
121,940
159,296
37,755
25,047
127,642
63,096
143,545
132,333
BA1
0 J
-74,017
-24,880
-78,600
-94,500
BA1
n)
n f
Total Federal funds
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
302
267
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1977
estimate
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE—Continued
SUMMARY—Continued
Trust funds:—Continued
-49,042
-49,045
BA
BA1
-47,924
Total trust funds
BA
0
-1
37,355
-12,708
-64,546
-11,212
Total Department of Agriculture
BA
15,002,296
2,955,689
13,173,164
12,442,691
0
12,796,310
3,849,626
13,691,274
12,761,102
21,158
'100
"956
21,870
22,844
352
0 J
-12,875
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
403
B
A
13,283
3,324
0
13,043
3,235
22,349
^50
Special foreign currency program.403
0
463
59
1,126
Participation in
expositions
B
A
0
530
255
4
497
0
69
275
280
1,279
-1,408
13,813
3,324
4,857
22,135
22,844
23,599
United
States
403
Foreign Direct Investment
Regulations: Salaries and
expenses
403
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund
403
Consolidated working fund
Total Federal funds
Administration.
403
General
0
BA
0
14,106
22,214
1,200
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
403
BA
0
351
36
103
500
500
500
500
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
403
B
A
41,474
10,921
43,287
46,127
170
4CCQ
0
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
9,764
B
A
33,853
9,942
0
Periodic censuses and programs..403
38,108
26,220
'68
"1,558
43,341
^627
4,355
45,353
^32
47,400
"1,448
51,363
66,935
71,266
0
4,900
1,761
Total Federal funds Bureau of
the Census.
BA
0
75,327
69,228
20.863
15,880
94,420
95,331
117,393
112,320
Trust Funds
Special studies, services, and projects-.
Permanent, indefinite
403
BA
0
5,597
5,581
1.520
1,806
5,171
4,771
4,448
4,048
See footnotes at end of table.
403
...
THE BUDGET FOR
268
FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
TQ
1977
actual
actual
1978
estimate
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE—Continued
BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
403
BA
11,759
3,089
12,300
^274
"530
13,912
0
11,340
2,502
12,524
"267
13,436
A
7
0
BA
0
-106
11,759
11,234
595
M89
3,097
13,104
12,791
13,912
13,443
BA
0
45
26
35
46
83
82
83
83
Economic Development Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Economic development assistance
BA
programs
452
0
360,000
257,591
89,625
81,792
360,000
283,108
212,000
274,400
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
403
Total Federal funds Bureau of
Economic Analysis.
Trust Funds
Special studies, services, and projects:
Permanent, indefinite
403
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
Local public works program
452
BA
2,000,000
Administration of economic
development assistance programs
*3,121
800,000
0
802,995
BA
25,378
6,375
26,725
"1,051
23,384
452
0
24,421
5,953
27,383
23,230
Financial and technical assistance
403
0
5,616
53
2,000
1,645
Job opportunities program
BA
374,000
0
269,436
78,658
128,508
0
-20,275
-10,058
-20,500
-21,500
BA
0
759,378
536,789
96,000
156,398
2,387,776
1,220,499
238,505
1,080,770
Regional Action Planning Commissions
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Regional development programs...452
BA
64,068
15,760
41,710
Public enterprise funds:
Economic development
fund
504
revolving
452
Total Federal funds Economic
Development Administration.
0
62,559
13,699
63,500
"92
59,203
Trust Funds
Regional action planning commissions-.
Permanent, indefinite
452
BA
0
64,398
53,405
16,714
17,326
38,272
47,136
39,648
48,883
Total Federal funds Economic
Development Assistance.
BA
0
823,446
599,348
111,760
170,097
2,451,368
1,279,702
280,215
1,141,993
Total trust funds Economic
Development Assistance.
BA
0
64,398
53,405
16,714
17,326
38,272
47,136
39,648
48,883
See footnotes at end of table.
61,223
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
269
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE—Continued
PROMOTION OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
Domestic and International Business
Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
15,816
64,613
14,879
BA
0
4,664
3,656
B
A
49.850
12,463
14,472
BA
BA
12.799
3,200
11,457
3,428
57,524
"2,259
60,323
"53,096
5,100
5,424
5.300
5,624
50,000
"431
55,342
50.337
14,470
"169
"-525
14,155
"-525
14,199
1,090
0
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent
403
62,617
55,839
403
BA
0
Operations and administration
959
52,875
Minority Business Enterprise
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Minority business development
403
55,439
United States Travel Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
403
14,467
Total Federal funds Promotion
of Industry and Commerce.
BA
0
125,266
131,909
31,479
32,779
124,328
129,295
117,632
122,781
Total trust funds Promotion of
Industry and Commerce.
BA
0
4,664
3,656
1,090
959
5,100
5,424
5,300
5,624
B
A
503,071
141,260
565,135
*594,864
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operations, research, and facilities
one
oUb
in
*tou
AA
r
400
127,046
BA
0
Construction
Coastal zone management.
See footnotes at end of table.
306
302
2,406
501,877
B
A
0
B
A
1,000
154
43
18,032
4,511
0
Current indefinite
12,630
4,563
2,838
"13,457
>353
"-1,500
1,080
571,464
-MOO
"-700
970
880
18.050
^17,329
"50
13,747
4
9,172
1.080
584,385
^30
"-800
336
44,888
32,100
^6,165
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
270
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE—Continued
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-Continued
national Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Promote and develop fishery
products and research pertaining
to American fisheries: Permanent,
indefinite
403
B
A
0
8,821
7,144
1,998
2,379
7,990
8,944
10,000
7,990
-869
270
149
61
1,445
-154
-319
-227
-1
15
-200
361
61
180
Public enterprise funds:
Fisheries loan fund
403
403
BA
0
Fishermen's guaranty fund
403
BA
0
Coastal energy impact fund
452
Offshore shrimp fisheries fund
BA
"61
61
143,000
'110,000
'51,000
-174
Federal ship financing fund, fishing
vessels
403
66,809
'13,191
-40
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
306
-2,400
497
BA
0
533,661
519,956
148,184
134,133
736,243
655,129
793,893
710,040
BA
0
9,152
7,192
3,308
4,372
9,936
9,936
9,936
9,936
8,718
2,279
7,179
2,924
12,239
"207
11,456
13,859
0
Trust
0
BA
Total Federal funds National
Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
...
Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
306
National Fire Prevention and Control
Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operations, research,
administration
and
Facilities
451
..451
17,638
^5,000
^3,000
BA
0
'2,000
B
A
0
8,718
7,179
2,279
2,924
17,446
14,456
13,859
19,638
B
A
85,350
21,544
84,155
19,885
86,400
<90
"3,401
89,517
89,590
0
Total Federal funds National
Fire Prevention and Control
Administration.
Patent and Trademark Office
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
See footnotes at end of table.
403
89,619
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
271
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE—Continued
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY—Continued
Science and Technical Research
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
66,700
"366
"2,417
75,418
75,845
2,085
1,500
2,667
2,000
71,568
76,918
78,512
78,305
4,657
5,239
188,760
169,870
7,965
9,611
13,600
14,306
915,148
836,020
23,536
24,242
15,500
15,500
975,854
897,602
25,436
25,436
195,000
202,713
18,000
41,950
236,047
205,000
BA
277,693
75,944
361,286
"324,050
BA
0
BA
(315,936)
301,108
12,000
22,408
45,900
(70,582)
85,326
4,000
4,156
11,656
(369,079)
369,079
M 8,325
22,160
"53,006
44,345
11,173
(388,000)
388,102
18,500
18,500
48,200
"272
"1,311
50,490
-22,905
42
-401
-4,770
97
-94
-19,675
-35
-388
-20,695
249
530,593
547,559
23
109,600
137,861
-160
429,569
672,881
62,619
16,410
67,348
Scientific and technical research and
services
403
17,789
BA
0
0
BA
0
2,085
8,828
-4,698
64,704
71,478
343
-6,803
1,942 ..
.
16,753
12,928
BA
0
BA
0
BA
0
12,197
10,315
692,433
682,768
21,349
17,507
BA
0
BA
76,305
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund
403
Consolidated working fund
403
Total Federal funds Science
and Technical Research.
Trust
Funds
Information products and
Permanent, indefinite
services:
403
Total Federal funds
and Technology.
Science
Total trust funds Science and
Technology.
OCEAN SHIPPING
Maritime Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Ship construction
406
Operating-differential subsidies: 406
Contract authority, Permanent,
indefinite.
Liquidation of contract authority....
Research and development
406
Operations and training
406
50,730
Public enterprise funds:
Federal ship financing fund
406
Vessel operations revolving fund..406
War risk insurance revolving fund
406
-380
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
406
Total Federal funds Maritime
Administration.
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
395,381
625,894
THE
272
BUDGET
FOR
FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE—Continued
OCEAN SHIPPING—Continued
Maritime Administration—Continued
Trust Funds
Special studies, services and projects-.
Permanent, indefinite
406
562
545
420
420
BA
0
530,593
547,559
109,600
137,861
429,569
672,881
395,381
625,894
BA
0
14
19
81
13
562
545
420
420
BA
0
2,272,637
2,056,152
468,875
534,441
4,050,151
3,048,155
1,923,231
2,937,632
BA1
0 J
-2,156
-698
-6,193
-6,193
BA1
0 J
-17,038
-1,968
-8,594
-6,605
BA1
0 J
-16
-5
-2,000
-2,000
902
BA1
0 J
-1,361
-276
-1,538
-1,444
BA
0
funds
81
13
450
Total trust
Shipping.
funds
14
19
400
Total Federal
Shipping.
BA
0
2,252,066
2,035,581
465,928
531,494
4,031,826
3,029,830
1,906,989
2,921,390
BA
0
96,237
80,545
27,441
29,864
73,224
82,700
75,835
84,994
-915
-305
-929
-834
Ocean
Ocean
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
300
Total Federal funds
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts-.
Intrafund transactions
403
BA\
0 J
Proprietary
public
receipts
from
the
306
BA1
0 J
-9,152
-3,308
-9,936
-9,936
403
BA1
0 J
-21,642
-6,998
-18,955
-19,827
406
BA1
0 I
-14
-81
-562
-420
452
BA1
0 J
-1,397
-387
-1,608
-1,681
BA
0
63,117
47,425
16,362
18,785
41,234
50,710
43,137
52,296
-4,100
-4,700
Total trust funds
Interfund transactions
403
452
BA1
0 I
BA1
-63,001
-16,327
-36,664
-37,967
2,252,182
2,020,005
465,963
533,952
4,032,296
3,039,776
1,907,459
2,931,019
0 J
Total Department of Commerce.
BA
0
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
273
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
T
Q
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
8,564,011
"305,989
8,881,000
actual
8,792,000
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—MILITARY
MILITARY PERSONNEL
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Military personnel, Army
051
B
A
8.434.885
2,152,890
2,127,816
051
0
B
A
8,325,558
Military personnel, Navy
5.900.600
1,516,668
0
B
A
5,830,737
1,447,049
Military personnel, Marine Corps..051
1,861.277
476,817
Military personnel, Air Force
051
0
B
A
Reserve personnel, Army
051
Reserve personnel, Navy
051
Reserve personnel, Marine Corps..051
6,002,268
"154,732
6,182,000
8,717,000
6,186,000
6,171,000
1,854,334
"55,166
1,945,000
1,923,000
7.136.706
"226,894
7,296,000
7,241,000
469,919
'14,681
458,000
553,600
231.600
230,000
1,916,000
1,805,217
450,903
7.405.306
1,854,312
0
B
A
7,297,546
1,820,714
478.800
163,500
0
B
A
475,471
140,087
205.925
61,865
0
B
A
0
B
A
193,231
52,644
215,010
'5,790
225,000
71.652
70,082
28,882
20,594
78,173
88,000
78.700
79,000
159.597
50,339
171,400
783,600
7,180,000
529,000
0
051
National Guard personnel, Army...051
143,191
43,506
163.807
'5.393
173,000
B
A
693,100
216.000
714.665
0
Reserve personnel, Air Force
714,128
193,534
742,000
780,000
B
A
218,472
63.651
231,800
172,000
f-J-tC 44C
Ij,/Jj
Total Federal
Personnel.
funds
Military
208,357
61,470
B
A
0
25,429,614
25,063,518
6,584.924
6,358,317
26,210,273
26,212,000
26,192,700
26,005,000
B
A
7,325,600
1,942,700
9,036,000
7,295,679
1,947,333
8,381,700
"-143,600
8,234,000
B
A
7,276,850
1,871,400
6,968,545
1,973,497
7,897,003
'24,900
<127,601
"87,729
7,760,500
'20,500
8,375,800
0
051
219.515
'7.985
222,000
0
National Guard personnel, Air Force
0
231,000
RETIRED MILITARY PERSONNEL
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Retired pay Defense
051
9,035,000
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operation and maintenance, Army
See footnotes at end of table.
8,211,600
'4,400
T H E
274
BUDGET
FOR
FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—MILITARY—Continued
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE-Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Operation and Maintenance, Navy
051
8,299,800
2,207,557
9,564,475
^24,700
'48,400
"59,000
10,799,000
0
7,947,893
1,963,309
8,999,600
^ 18,400
10,409,700
^6,300
BA
519,010
131,006
577,888
^5,000
14,800
"5,000
636,200
0
Operation and maintenance, Marine
Corps
051
BA
492,526
142,359
582,800
630,200
H200
Operation
Force
and
maintenance,
Air
051
^800
Air
051
Operation and maintenance, Army
National Guard
051
1,891,302
8,229,800
x
35,200
8,498,700
^4,300
BA
2,550,931
655,325
2,722,153
^1,800
'12,700
"84,800
2,985,400
2,513,471
613,912
2,810,400
^1,600
2,969,800
^200
BA
323,510
95,100
356,100
^1,900
'2,958
"6,731
389,000
299,599
82,705
372,300
-•1,700
382,800
^200
BA
287,725
74,350
288,000
^800
'900
"1,000
311,900
260,393
71,122
278,400
*600
312,800
*200
BA
12,031
3,409
14,800
^300
"35
16,900
11,206
3,883
13,800
<<200
16,900
M00
BA
331,630
85,190
350,700
'4,425
377,600
0
maintenance,
7,593,623
0
Operation and
Force Reserve
8,595,500
0
Operation and maintenance, Marine
Corps Reserve
051
8,105,795
^39,500
65,200
"67,900
0
Operation and maintenance, Navy
Reserve
051
1,957,295
0
Operation and maintenance, Army
Reserve
051
7,669,479
0
Operation and maintenance, Defense
agencies
051
BA
311,505
82,950
BA
670,730
182,685
0
See footnotes at end of table.
657,419
200,941
BA
713,500
188,800
0
Operation and maintenance, Air
National Guard
051
707,614
187,240
"3,900
373,000
377,000
706,200
'9,211
"11,555
704,000
759,500
774,600
'9,400
832,100
"8,600
779,000
756,000
827,000
275
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—MILITARY—Continued
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
National Board for the Promotion of
Rifle Practice, Army
051
BA
Naval petroleum reserve
051
BA
0
Claims, Defense
051
BA
0
Contingencies, Defense
051
BA
0
Court of Military Appeals, Defense
051
BA
Restoration of Facilities on Guam,
Defense
051
239
9
5
201
117,700
64,949
71,600
70,443
2,500
1,032
1,167
19
0
47,500
28,537
15,500
17,197
75
2
1,417
26
9
1,039
300
122,033
BA
0
0
Miscellaneous expired accounts....051
Total Federal funds Operation
and Maintenance.
0
BA
0
130 .
28,848,402
7.638,266
7,260,780
27,901,588
21
9
"9
350
35
6
65,000
82,500
91,000
2,500
2,200
1,239
"47
1,450
42,000
82,500
82,000
5,000
3,900
1,735
32,175,045
31,146,000
34,168,500
33,539,000
541,900
231,000
481,000
391,000
1,089,800
597,000
902,900
773,000
1,383,000
619,000
2,843,500
2,975,000
2,022,200
900,000
6,195,000
"-721,000
3,034,000
"-51,000
2,179,800
1,678,000
319,800
222,000
6,087,000
3,515,000
1,827,700
1,642,000
"665,300
426,000
"656,700
543,000
"1,798,900
1,051,000
"1,463,300
1,024,000
1,757,500
1,160,000
"3,700,000
2,780,000
"2,319,400
1,409,000
"6,493,200
380
1,720
PROCUREMENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
BA
327,700
135,623
412,800
159,384
874,000
55,041
469,200
479,145
888,300
516,503
2,972,800
2,761,353
1,172,600
641,414
3,853,000
59,400
26,470
42,600
-92,673
255,000
91,079
252,800
530
197,700
191,431
585,500
652,548
321,700
186,449
471,200
0
2,606,141
660,591
1,833,700
1,454,656
281,000
186,344
3,933,700
3,323,130
1,734,900
1,548,953
466,000
347,134
40,400
30,803
818,400
858,639
233,000
346,438
Aircraft procurement, Army
051
BA
0
Missile procurement, Army
051
BA
0
Procurement of weapons and tracked
combat vehicles, Army
051
BA
0
Procurement of ammunition, Army
051
BA
0
Other procurement, Army
051
BA
0
Aircraft procurement, Navy
051
BA
0
Weapons procurement, Navy
051
BA
0
Shipbuilding and conversion, Navy
051
Other procurement, Navy
051
BA
0
Procurement, Marine Corps
051
BA
0
Aircraft procurement, Air Force
051
BA
0
Missile procurement, Air Force
051
BA
0
See footnotes at end of table.
3,882,000
"-132,000
2,405,500
1,990,000
"460,000
305,000
"8,651,900
4,897,000
"1,909,100
1,810,000
THE
276
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—MILITARY—Continued
PROCUREMENT—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Other procurement, Air Force
051
1,608,325
425,391
2,289,400
"-14,350
1,876,000
Procurement, Defense agencies....051
BA
0
201,600
98,410
38,100
42,556
244,700
168,000
357,500
302,000
Procurement of aircraft and missiles,
Navy
051
0
381,665
48,597
102,000
67,000
Procurement of equipment
missiles, Army
0
7,762
-49,565
38,000
14,000
BA
0
20,990,700
15,963,849
4,134,800
3,766,418
27,672,350
18,710,000
35,142,900
23,786,000
BA
1,958,008
507,658
2,280,816
C
1,528
°12,876
2,213,000
"2,615,700
3,722,792
< 2,100
"5,500
3,566,000
"4,209,100
3,749,530
C
3,286
"16,024
3,579,000
"4,356,800
"772,900
Total Federal funds
Procurement.
2,035,400
353,000
0
and
051
BA
2,504,600
2,258,000
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TEST, AND
EVALUATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Research, development, test, and
evaluation, Army
051
0
Research, development, test, and
evaluation, Navy
051
1,841,612
436,708
BA
3,257,290
842,422
0
3,214,937
778,418
BA
3,606,556
903,940
0
Research, development, test, and
evaluation, Air Force
051
3,338,020
829,809
BA
604,400
146,550
0
Research, development, test, and
evaluation, Defense agencies...051
2,471,000
3,992,000
4,129,000
507,537
152,179
651,280
6
39
"2,353
607,000
and evaluation,
051
BA
0
25,000
20,917
5,000
8,567
30,000
28,000
"25,000
28,000
Total Federal funds Research,
Development, Test, and
Evaluation.
BA
0
9,451,254
8,923,023
2,405,570
2,205,681
10,478,124
9,993,000
11,979,500
11,350,000
Director of
Defense
test
730,000
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Military construction, Army
051
BA
0
790,025
812,815
37,100
60,299
580,868
834,000
"472,700
669,000
Military construction, Navy
051
BA
0
770,018
650,044
17,200
161,638
549,935
597,000
"416,000
570,000
Military construction, Air Force
051
BA
0
550,644
366,275
14,000
105,448
788,079
441,000
"277,100
580,000
Military construction,
agencies
051
BA
0
19,300
15,910
1,000
4,238
41,396
19,000
"34,400
30,000
Military construction, Army National
Guard
051
BA
0
62,700
54,528
1,500
8,980
61,128
62,000
"49,400
65,000
See footnotes at end of table.
Defense
277
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
T
Q
1976
actual
Account and functional code
1977
estimate
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—MILITARY—Continued
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Military construction, Air National
Guard
051
051
Military construction, Naval Reserve
051
Military construction,
Reserve
Air
Force
051
Total Federal funds
Construction.
Military
1,000
11629
37,200
48 000
"43,300
39 000
50,300
47,212
2,500
13,754
53,804
40,000
"50,500
50,000
36,400
24,465
400
7,481
23,600
30,000
"21,700
27,000
18,000
12,322
1,000
2,744
10,773
16,000
"11,200
16,000
2,360,387
2,018,628
75,700
376,211
2,146,783
2,087,000
1,376,300
2,046,000
B
A
1,228,787
278,379
1,189,415
295,806
1,191,976
(
3,989
"1.523
1,436,000
"1,326,300
0
Military construction, Army Reserve
63,000
35 057
B
A
0
B
A
0
B
A
0
B
A
0
B
A
0
FAMILY HOUSING
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Family housing, Defense
051
1,513,000
Public enterprise funds:
Homeowners
Defense
assistance
fund
051
Total Federal
Housing.
funds
Family
B
A
0
B
A
0
2,357
148
6,000
"3 000
5,000
1,228,787
1,191,772
278,379
295,954
1,197,488
1,442,000
1,329,300
1,518,000
B
A
65,578
14,491
65,000
"69,300
"826
65,000
CIVIL DEFENSE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operation and maintenance, Defense
Civil Preparedness Agency
051
Research, shelter
marketing
Total
survey,
Federal
funds
and
051
Civil
Defense.
0
B
A
64,330
13,452
20,000
5,000
0
B
A
0
15,504
85,578
79,834
B
A
0
0
0
71,000
"20,700
4,169
17,500
"128
14,000
19,491
17,621
83,454
79,000
90,000
92,000
2,668
4,761
37
912
3,665
3,000
"2,480
3,000
-368
-114
600
300
-37
55
20,000
-81,637
-114,379
100,000
81,900
100,000
152,500
21,000
SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM1
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Special foreign currency program.051
REVOLVING AND MANAGEMENT FUNDS
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Defense production guarantees ....051
Laundrv service Naval Academv 051
Intragovernmental funds:
Army stock fund
See footnotes at end of table.
240-000 O - 77 - 19
051
B
A
0
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
278
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—MILITARY—Continued
REVOLVING AND MANAGEMENT FUNDS—Con.
Federal Funds—Continued
Intragovernmental funds:—Continued
Navy stock fund
051
Marine Corps stock fund
051
Air Force stock fund
051
Defense stock fund
051
Army industrial fund
051
Navy industrial fund
051
Marine Corps industrial fund
051
Air Force industrial fund
051
Defense industrial fund
051
Army management fund
051
Navy management fund
051
Air Force management fund
051
Total Federal funds Revolving
and Management Funds.
ALLOWANCES
Federal Funds
BA
0
BA
0
BA
0
BA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
BA
0
10.000
85,467
2.000
-1,866
15.000
51,617
88.000
-138,720
29,966
-106,439
-1,072
-80,457
5,175
-2,284
-398
471
135.000
-240,582
19,737
-11790
•
•
—
—
-121,049
-39,563
-2,040
-87
-51,511
3,854
3,340
22,361
632
-306,091
32.000
48,500
6.200
6,700
58.800
31,400
22.800
-3,500
26,000
66,000
200
79,000
-4,000
4.300
-12,600
-37,000
-13,000
-200
-81,000
-8,500
2,500
219.800
335,300
170.800
6,300
30.000
70,500
1.900
5,500
34.600
-70,200
General and special funds:
Civilian and military pay raises ...051
BA
BA
0
0
'2.493.200
'-166,700
'2,417,200
'-160,000
Retired pay legislation
051
BA
0
'31.900
'31,900
Other legislation
051
BA
0
'25.900
'25,900
Total Federal funds Allowances.
BA
0
2.384.300
2,315,000
TRUST FUNDS
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
051
BA
0
Miscellaneous trust revolving funds .051
Total trust funds
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
051
See footnotes at end of table.
8.476
8,380
3.848
3,635
10.152
7,213
7.700
7,746
0
-19,391
-5,363
-22,913
-4,046
BA
0
8.476
-11,011
3.848
-1,728
10.152
-15,700
7.700
3,700
BA
0
95.857.990
88,202,070
23.079.867
21,923,136
108.425.082
98,241,300
121.872.780
109,695,300
BA}
0 J
146
-146
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
279
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—MILITARY—Continued
SUMMARY—Continued
Federal funds:—Continued
Proprietary receipts from the
public
051
-168,800
Interfund transactions
051
-168,800
95,710,176
88,054,256
23,087,195
21,930,464
108,256,282
98,072,500
121,703,980
109,526,500
BA
0
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
7,474
BA
0
Total Federal funds
-147,960
8,476
-11,011
3,848
-1,728
10.152
-15,700
7,700
3,700
BAl
0 J
-7,090
-2,526
-6,800
-7,200
95,711,562
23,088,517
108,259,634
121,704,480
88,036,155
21,926,210
98,050,000
109,523,000
6,161
5,030
5,486
6,300
BAl
0 J
BA
0
Total Department of
Defense—Military.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—CIVIL
CEMETERIAL EXPENSES, ARMY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
BA
0
5,785
4,929
1,022
BA
0
66,836
67,756
17,110
16,810
71,920
73,000
81,200
BA
0
1,237,151
412,741
1,436,745
"1,489,585
1,195,057
327,190
1,400,000
1,471,000
Operation and maintenance, general
301
BA
582,073
153,116
648,900
i 1,764
"6,869
'67
750,900
555,605
752,900
40,000
53,957
22,140
22,000
20,169
301
BA
0
169,808
3,750
7,977
660,000
Flood control
emergencies
301
BA
43,700
11,050
47,200
"1,755
fc
95
56,800
42,730
10,875
60,300
72,051
49,800
55,800
231,497
240,000
"228,900
158
2,000
1,800
6,000
5,500
673
2,800
700
673
5,100
4,500
5,100
5,773
2,800
5,200
5,773
Salaries and expenses
705
1,501
CORPS OF ENGINEERS—CIVIL
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
General investigations
301
Construction, general
301
and coastal
General expenses
0
c
Flood control, Mississippi River and
tributaries
301
BA
0
205,147
Special recreation use fees..
BA
0
1,200
power):
301
BA
0
2,800
456
(Other general purpose fiscal
assistance): Permanent,
indefinite
852
BA
0
4,297
3,971
4,297
Total, Permanent appropriations
BA
0
7,097
4,427
4,297
Permanent appropriations:
(Water resources and
Permanent, indefinite
See footnotes at end of table.
..303
200,964
1,111
81,200
20,170
230,900
280
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—CIVIL—Continued
700
950
5,020
-22,559
-11,473
2,464
14,048
BA
0
37,268
40,643
11,806
12,758
39,000
33,000
39,000
39,000
BA
0
2,183,904
2,115,154
659,017
584,143
2,486,725
2,463,884
2,638,754
2,619,645
BAl
0 J
-14,400
-5,122
-14,187
-15,285
301
BAl
0 J
-11
-3
-13
-15
902
BAl
0 J
-1,026
-489
-1,400
-1,700
2,168,467
2,099,717
653,403
578,529
2,471,125
2,448,284
2,621,754
2,602,645
OCX?
Revolving fund
37,268
40,643
11,806
12,758
39,000
33,000
39,000
39,000
O OOO
CORPS OF ENGINEERS—CIVIL—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
Intragovernmental funds:
-37,268
-11,806
-39,000
-39,000
301
BA
0
Consolidated working fund
301
Trust Funds
Corps of Engineers-Civil: Permanent,
indefinite
301
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts-.
Proprietary receipts from the
public
300
Total Federal funds
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
301
Total trust funds
Total Corps of Engineers—Civil
RYUKYU ISLANDS, ARMY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Administration
806
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts-.
Proprietary receipts from the
public
800
0
BA
0
2
"-3,600
.
3,375
952
-6,000
2,168,467
2,103,092
BA
0
0
6,600 .
"-6,600
3,436
"-3,000
653,403
579,481
2,471,125
2,442,284
2,621,754
2,602,645
...
.
6 .
0
6
SOLDIERS' AND AIRMEN'S HOME
Trust Funds
Operation and maintenance
705
See footnotes at end of table.
-398
-88
-465
-410
BA
0
-398
-398
-88
-82
-465
-465
-410
-410
BA
15,665
3,905
14,601
3,501
15,373
<476
"250
16,351
16,356
0
Total Ryukyu Islands, Army
BAl
0 J
16,340
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
281
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—CIVIL—Continued
SOLDIERS' AND AIRMEN'S HOME—Continued
Trust Funds—Continued
Capital outlay
705
0
Payment of
indefinite
claims:
Permanent,
705
-21
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home revolving
fund
705
Summary
Federal funds:
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
705
96
BA
0
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
-i
BA "
0
Total Federal funds
BA1
-1
0I
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
705
Total trust funds
Total Soldiers' and Airmen's
Home.
BA1
0 J
BA "
0
-1
3,905
3,493
16,104
16,361
14,676
16,356
16,345
-163
-23
-1,345
-1,795
15,502
3,882
3,470
14,759
14,566
15,011
14,550
14,759
14,566
15,011
14,550
65,900
65,900
70,687
70,687
3,150
2,895
15,665
14,513
BA "
0
15,501
14,512
3,882
3,470
BA
0
60,150
16,200
BA
0
55,365
2,240
4,939
14,121
560
1,479
BA
0
62,390
60,304
THE PANAMA CANAL
CANAL ZONE GOVERNMENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operating expenses
806
Capital outlay
806
Total Federal funds,
Zone Government.
3,879
16,760
69,050
15,600
71,111
73,582
74,566
-2,552
-1,468
1,500
(24,371)
(6,540)
(25,285)
(26,231)
BA
0
Canal
5,211
62,390
57,752
16,760
69,050
14,132
72,611
73,582
74,566
BA1
0 I
BA1
0 J
-19,331
-6,397
-20,078
-21,286
-36,252
-9,492
-45,790
-48,783
PANAMA CANAL COMPANY
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Corporation: Panama Canal Company
406
Limitation on general and
administrative expenses.
Summary
Federal f u n d s :
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
806
Proprietary
public
receipts
from
the
800
282
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
T
Q
1976
actual
1977
estimate
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—CIVIL—Continued
THE PANAMA CANAL—Continued
Summary—Continued
Federal funds:—Continued
-15
-70
-7L
6,742
2,104
856
-1,772
3,112
6,673
3,443
4,427
B
A
0
728
741
185
133
838
858
840
840
B
A
0
Total The Panama Canal
-65
B
A
0
902
728
741
185
133
838
858
840
840
-185
-838
-84C
BAl
0 J
MISCELLANEOUS ACCOUNTS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Wildlife conservation, etc., military
reservations: Permanent, indefinite
303
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
300
Total Miscellaneous Accounts....
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA1
0 J
0
B
A
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
806
BAl
-728
13
-52
2,252,807
2,178,576
676,984
599,915
2.562,774
2,542,383
2,718,662
2,701,351
-19,331
-6,397
-20,078
-21,286
-15,128
-5,307
-15,025
-16,125
-11
-3
-13
-15
20 .
0 I
Proprietary
public
receipts
from
the
300
BAl
0 J
301
BAl
0J
BAl
0J
705
-2
BAl
0 J
-36,650
-9,580
-46,255
-49,193
902 BAl
0 I
-1,091
-504
-1,470
-1,770
BA
0
2,180,595
2,106,364
655,193
578,124
2,479,933
2,459,542
2,630,273
2,612,962
BA
0
52,933
55,319
15,711
16,251
55.104
49,356
55,361
55,345
BAl
0 I
-37,268
-11,806
-39,000
800
Total Federal funds
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
301
-39,000
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
283
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE—CIVIL—Continued
SUMMARY—Continued
Trust funds:—Continued
705
Total Department
Defense-Civil.
-23
-1,345
-1,795
15,502
17,888
3,882
4,422
14,759
9,011
14,566
14,550
BA
0
of
-163
BA
0
Total trust funds
BAI
0 J
2,196,097
2,124,252
659,075
582,546
2,494,692
2,468,553
2,644,839
2,627,512
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
Food and Drug Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
553
Buildings and facilities
554
BA
207,805
53,226
275,743
54,653
241,977
<217
"7,254
*571
236,750
0
215,841
1,000
1,858
750
496
3,125
3,413
3,515
3,606
762
-352
BA
0
208,805
218,461
53,976
54,797
253,144
240,163
279,258
276,782
BA
994,706
243,088
1,077,175
<807
"3,471
>122
*902,041
1,119,744
191,391
1,117,863
BA
283,310
75,528
0
273,190
55,616
59,303
BA
0
273,176
Public enterprise funds:
Revolving fund for certification and
other services
553
Total Federal funds Food and
Drug Administration.
0
Health Services Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Health services
551
0
Indian health services
551
Indian health facilities
554
BA
0
Emergency health
054
0
94
Health maintenance organization
loan and loan guarantee fund.551
0
^-844,012
847,118
•M07.000
362,424
74,916
349,788
< 1,155
"3,442
341,470
11,084
16,260
88,163
59,389
74,425
77,731
9,074
7,270
15,575
14
1,333,632
1,461,405
329,700
289,837
1,524,123
1,534,297
494,878
876,595
358,732
Public enterprise funds:
Total Federal funds Health
Services Administration.
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
284
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE—Continued
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE—Continued
Center for Disease Control
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
B
A
553
75,782
285,435
34,532
175,228
^767
"3,233
fc
545
173,633
Preventive health services
45,887
223,379
'-52,500
102,824
•'-22,000
2,248,126
2,340,220
54,000
8,292
438,357
626,468
750
2,193
2,463,378
2,138,118
67,400
37,445
"2,022,496
2,012,127
65,650
48,957
National Institutes of Health
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Biomedical research:
Biomedical research
552
BA
0
Buildings and facilities
554
BA
0
Intragovernmental funds:
General research support grants..552
0
National
0
Institutes
of
Health
Management fund
-840
72
62 .
206
15 590
552
-5,324
4,061
2,302,126
2,346,337
174
-1,245
439,107
627,858
2,190
568
2,530,778
2,178,321
900
-513
2,088,146
2,077,061
BA
451,284
65,280
480,719
0
481,936
132,582
420,113
(Health research and education)
552
BA
0
(Prevention and control of health
problems)
553
BA
243,696
275,037
118,422
36,494
81,709
15,589
257,516
206,469
123,589
0
105,676
37,360
107,301
0
16,631
1,857
12,829
483,900
'-317,849
439,340
'-56,185
"174,323
214,480
69,304
'-26,858
70,349
'-3,815
2,566
Total, Alcohol, drug abuse, and
mental health.
BA
0
117.363
253,508
861,824
746,712
Construction and renovation St.
Elizabeths Hospital
554
BA
0
813,402
879,280
10,600
26
8
8,251
Consolidated w orking fund
552
Service and supply fund
552
Total Federal funds National
Institutes of Health.
0
0
BA
0
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health
Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Alcohol, drug abuse, and mental
health:
(Health care services)
551
(Health planning
construction)
See footnotes at end of table.
and
554
382,820
666,735
810
2,298
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
285
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
1977
estimate
TQ
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE—Continued
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE—Continued
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health
Administration—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Saint Elizabeths Hospital- Indefinite
S i t Elibth H i t l
Idfiit
B
A
57,002
15,968
60,464
< 1,313
"2,720
0
60,145
15,223
63,930
4,755
0
86
-9
-14
-18
B
A
0
881,004
939,511
133,331
269,008
926,338
818,879
383,630
673,770
B
A
0
B
A
485,451
520,834
79.949
183,939
461,178
398,931
*228,171
376,486
222,476
27,195
180,830
0
551
612,493
114,981
611,337
*140,616
'-125,000
263,094
707,927
1,133,327
107,144
298,920
642,008
1,010,268
243,787
603,580
'17
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund, Lexington
Addiction Research Center
551
Total Federal funds Alcohol,
Drug Abuse, and Mental
Health Administration.
Health Resources Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Health resources:
(Health research and education)
552
(Health planning
construction)
and
554
B
A
0
Total, Health resources
Public enterprise funds:
B
A
10,000
7,000
31,000
41,000
554
0
21,412
-476
35,222
45,996
552
B
A
0
B
A
0
0
2,284
-1,728
578
2.727
1,111
1,814
1,814
214
1,273
1,273
778
778
B
A
0
721,927
1,152,176
114,144
299,236
677,008
1,049,490
287,379
642,168
B
A
21,508
5,457
22,316
B
A
0
28,685
484
25,378
*970,426
'-32,231
68,746
941,218
'-27,914
Retirement pay and medical benefits
for commissioned officers:
Indefinite
551
B
A
0
44,990
42,573
13,020
10,481
52,352
51,449
Financial assistance for health care
B
A
0
Medical facilities guarantee and loan
fund
Health education loans
Nurse training fund
552
Health professions graduate student
loan insurance fund
552
Total Federal funds Health
Resources Administration.
1 716
-835
...
-10,000
Office of Assistant Secretary for Health
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
554
Current indefinite
555
See footnotes at end of table.
56,948
54,406
'13,172,472
'12,302,399
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE—Continued
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE—Continued
Office of Assistant Secretary for Health
—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Scientific activities overseas (special
BA
foreign currency program)
552
0
Intragovernmental funds:
Service and supply fund
551 0
8,091
2,453
1,500
11,678
11,387
11,485
1,209
425
-53,722
39,381
BA
0
66,498
26,836
18,477
53,224
76,168
88,505
14,247,748
13,281,594
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
554
BA
0
2,720
2,230
727
1,012
1,600
1,802
1,600
1,622
Total Federal funds
Health Service.
BA
0
5,799,427
6,318,359
1,123,267
1,639,847
6,167,332
6,133,034
17,804,321
17,908,794
BA
2J20
727
UiOO
1,600
0
2,230
1,012
1,802
1,622
Miscellaneous consolidated working
funds
552
Total Federal funds Office of
Assistant Secretary for
Health.
Public
Total trust funds Public Health
Service.
0
EDUCATION DIVISION
Office of Education
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Financial assistance for elementary
and secondary education
501
Elementary and secondary education
501
Permanent
B
A
0
'3,775,528
•'336,088
501
199,270
BA
2,210,218
0
Indian education
BA
B
A
Emergency school aid
in
federally
501
501
2,713,050
2,634,800
'-2,479,000
2,166,989
706,562
2,239,100
2,652,335
'-219,400
57,055
516
44,933
45,087
45,488
42,046
18,954
"84
50,720
BA
0
704,000
598,884
70,000
74,898
793,000
847,000
395,000
496,000
274,700
0
School assistance
affected areas
2,237,522
271,700
3,325
274,700
213,231
55,457
270,958
272,539
B
A
126,375
210,500
467,625
'1,735
469,925
BA
100,000
0
Education for the handicapped ....501
B
A
0
191,442
55,435
318,570
^608
420,930
^789
'-42,086
BA
598,151
222,500
1,118,658
667,412
'-674,573
7,161
'-467,625
Permanent
Occupational, vocational, and adult
education
501
Permanent
B
A
0
See footnotes at end of table.
74,661
1,790
12,532
747,503
89,710
725,668
804,263
'-60,712
287
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE—Continued
EDUCATION DIVISION—Continued
Office of Education—Continued
Federal
Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Library resources
502 BA
BA
0
503 BA
0
Special projects and training
503 BA
0
Educational activities overseas
BA
(special foreign currency program)
0
503
Salaries and expenses
503 BA
Educational development
503 0
3,350,859
2,700
2,455,165
"594,734
2,757,363
2,700
3,088,046
70,724
160,267
224,542
151,965
18,125
175,168
36,893
283
2,000
1,734
7,944
200
614
84,993
47,451
2,000
1,954
108,882
25,278
115,236
Higher education
Permanent
25,393
9,066
-189
201,787
30,000
125,000
2,358,491
...„._..„
216,054
-] 54,330
177,178
•'-13,890
89,568
77,734
2,000
1,982
J
115,784
'4,145
"3,457
115,171
'3,523
129,018
3,531
1,500
125,234
'560
Public enterprise funds:
Student loan insurance fund
502 BA
Authority to spend public debt
receipts.
BA
0
'32,312
255,724
548
25,000
368,489
'13,511
1,847
-14,090
1,447
31,200
1,218
6,407
1,166
7,292
584
8,117,467
6,813,546
-1,239
3,088,893
1,735,115
8,656,950
8,043,978
7,572,953
7,830,239
70,000
20,000
90,000
109,000
69,778
Higher education facilities loan and BA
insurance fund
502
Permanent, indefinite
BA
0
131,302
'18,801
2,119
13,280
88,360
93,934
133,508
57,517
2,192
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
503 0
Total Federal funds Office of BA
Education.
0
National Institute of Education
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
National Institute of Education
503 BA
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
503 0
Total Federal funds National BA
Institute of Education.
0
-650
72
4
47
2
70,000
69,128
20,000
14,022
90,385
88,787
109,000
93,934
11,500
10,165
96
11,500
13,668
14,500
12,120
Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Education
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses:
(Higher education)
See footnotes at end of table.
..502
BA
0
THE
288
BUDGET
FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE—Continued
EDUCATION DIVISION—Continued
Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Education—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Salaries and expenses:—Continued
(Research and genera! education
BA
aids)
503
0
Total, Salaries and expenses
BA
0
21,000
5,599
1,770
5,599
1,866
22,126
"306
22,262
33,932
35,930
10,910
32,500
21,075
24,091
40,599
36,211
BA
0
32,500
21,075
5,599
1,866
33,932
35,930
40,599
36,211
Trust Funds
Special statistical compilations and
surveys: Permanent
503
BA
0
22
-3
-13
50
50
60
60
Total Federal funds Education
Division.
BA
0
8,219,967
6,903,749
3,114,492
1,751,003
8,781,267
8,168,695
7,722,552
7,960,384
Total trust
Division.
BA
0
22
-3
-13
50
50
60
60
SOCIAL AND REHABILITATION SERVICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Public assistance:
(Social services)
506
B
A
2,833,020
609,500
2,542,000
0
2,258,497
564,170
2,533,850
"196,449
2,533,850
* 196,449
BA
8,510,026
2,220,000
9,292,000
"937,318
11,816,000
0
8,568,237
2,228,657
9,292,000
"937,318
BA
5,897,904
1,576,000
6,215,000
"91,430
0
5,848,703
1,606,314
6,215,000
'91,430
Total Federal funds Office of
the Assistant Secretary for
Education.
funds
Education
(Health care services)
551
26,099
2,542,000
'-11,816,000
11,816,000
M 1,816,000
(Public assistance and
income supplements)
other
604
6,605,800
'-63,000
6,605,800
•/-63,000
Total, Public assistance
506
4,405.500
4,399,141
19,266,047
19,266,047
9,084,800
9,084,800
BA
400,000
80,000
370,000
365,000
'-21,000
307,313
86,461
365,000
365,000
•'-21,000
BA
60,378
15,219
62,895
"6,334
"1,855
74,535
0
Program Administration
504
17,240,950
16,675,437
0
Work incentives
BA
0
54,702
12,200
67,580
"824
'-13,897
See footnotes at end of table.
67,467
"5,510
-/
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
289
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE—Continued
SOCIAL AND REHABILITATION SERVICE—Con.
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Special assistance to refugees from
BA
Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos in
0
the United States
604
Cuban refugee assistance
50,000
118,191
10,000
82,000
86,400
5
5
57,700
67,700
365
365
4,519,719
19,839,136
9,547,503
4,532,975
19,904,047
9,567,232
7,213,941
'-137,000
7,213,941
'-137,000
741,203
741,203
54,207
20,591
85,000
83,799
19,000
14,682
604
BA
0
Payments to states from receipts for
child support-. Permanent,
indefinite
604
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
506
BA
0
Total Federal funds Social and
Rehabilitation Service.
BA
0
444
17,786,328
17,175,902
BA
3,597,430
878,000
5,997,000
0
3,597,768
878,000
5,997,000
BA
0
BA
0
BA
0
BA
515,317
515,317 .
10,616
2,510
4,123,363
4,115,595
999,778
2,940
711
880,940
878,711
234,600
0
997,724
240,454
BA
0
5,518,523
5,057,971
1,503,541
1,289,603
0
BA
0
41
5
10,641,664
10,171,741
0
-100 ..
.
Trust Funds
Gifts and donations, refugee assistance
604
SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Payments to social security trust
funds:
(Health care services)
551
(General retirement and disability
insurance)
601
(Public assistance and
income supplements)
other
604
Total, Payments to social
security trust funds.
Special benefits for disabled coal
miners
601
Supplemental security income
program
604
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
601
Total Federal funds Social
Security Administration.
Trust Funds
Federal old-age and survivors insurance
trust fund: Indefinite
601
Permanent, indefinite
Limitation on salaries and expenses..
Limitation on salaries and expenses..
Limitation on construction
See footnotes at end of table.
716,902
716,902
6 .
7,818,144
6,713,902
7,818,144
6,713,908
967,623
913,897
"48,068
965,623
904,032
"48,068
5,750,000
5,895,122
5,714,012
5,369,428
995 .
13,570,989
2,619,081
13,035,436
2,409,763
B
A
BA
BA
0
14,535,767
14,497,779
'-843,000
62,327,140
64,296,083
(2,395,731)
(6,300)
16,185,537
17,109,799
(645,200)
(3,633)
71,502,756
73,275,369
'-42,000
(36,358)
(2,561,773)
(14,400)
78,163,203
80,546,394
(2,685,951)
(14,600)
THE
290
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
1977
actual
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE—Continued
SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION—Con.
Trust Funds—Continued
Federal disability insurance trust fund:
BA
Indefinite
601
Permanent, indefinite
BA
0
Federal hospital insurance trust fund:
Indefinite
,
551
Permanent, indefinite
Federal supplementary medical
insurance trust fund: Indefinite....551
Permanent, indefinite
•/2,217,000
8,355,185
9,606,462
2,172,318
2,653,039
7
BA
BA
0
9,502,279
11,436,466
M.000
10,635,000
12,825,732
-MO.OOO
3,000
13,544,303
12,578,627
3,515,755
3,403,659
•'-51,000
15,645,836
15,485,355
•M45.000
19,721,941
18,164,142
•'-1,715,000
7
BA
2,000
•'-25,000
BA
0
4,980,311
5,200,093
1,421,068
1,401,115
7,346,746
6,505,619
•'-73,000
8,937,000
7,916,541
•'-69,000
BA
0
89,206,939
91,681,265
23,294,678
24,567,612
104,002,617
106,441,809
118,755,144
116,670,809
American Printing House for the
Blind
501
BA
0
2,408
2,407
602
602
3,012
3,012
3,498
3,498
National Technical Institute for the
Deaf
502
BA
O
9,836
11,846
2,932
2,667
12,675
13,574
14,630
14,630
Total trust funds Social
Security Administration.
SPECIAL INSTITUTIONS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Gallaudet College
Special
5,741
40,840
'958
45,976
29,678
10,065
37,242
'958
49,500
BA
86,558
19,628
99,118
84,817
18,128
82,409
'5,684
94,297
'5,684
BA
0
121,633
128,748
28,903
31,462
145,578
154,767
163,222
169,862
BA
502,428
121,025
499,639
139,949
523,008
"529
512,525
"524,744
0
Total Federal funds
Institutions.
22,831
O
502
BA
0
Howard University
502
102,234
ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Human development:
(Elementary, secondary,
vocational education)
See footnotes at end of table.
and
501
525,420
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
291
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE—Continued
ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Human development:—Continued
(Social services)
506
1,374,917
309,947
1,373,015
"1,295
1,137,040
307,127
1,328,457
1,702,328
1,636,679
2,603
430,972
447,076
542
1,897,847
1,840,982
2,921
'-59,125
1,382,199
'-35,875
1,840,536
1,871,744
3,000
BA
0
1,702,328
1,639,282
430,972
447,618
1,897,847
1,843,903
1,840,536
1,874,744
(
)
BA
15 000
88,542
2 800
23,319
0
Total, Human development
1,199,900
84,395
21,650
BA
88,542
99,395
23,319
24,450
5100
89,781
^1,040
"4,736
100,003
* 1,000
95,557
106,103
BA
25,339
6,607
0
BA
25,101
1,534
5,515
388
BA
BA
0
Research and training activities
overseas (special foreign curency
program)
506
Total Federal funds Assistant
Secretary for Human
Development.
DEPARTMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
General Departmental management:
(Community development)
451
(Public assistance and
income supplements)
Total, General
management.
other
604
Departmental
Office of Inspector General
0
604
BA
n
Office for Civil Rights
Office of Consumer Affairs
751
506
29,685
"700
31,784
1,581
"69
1,660
77,777
78,100
^40
77,777
78,140
25,343
23,300
33,307
33,411
1,779
1,770
0
1,556
359
24,950
11,053
6,575
3,328
n
-443
1654
0
0
1535
3,344
1216
-156,545
153,657
BA
0
140,365
141,541
36,889
-120,023
167,592
323,404
180,606
179,021
BA
0
44,411,712
42,479,322
11,873,323
10,692,645
50,569,741
49,563,286
51,794,507
52,157,816
Policy research
604
BA
0
Allied services.....
506
BA
0
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund.
Consolidated working fund
506
506
Grants management fund
554
Total Federal funds
Departmental Management.
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
See footnotes at end of table.
20,000
25,200
'20,000
'5,000
22,400
22,400
'20,000
'20,000
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
292
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1977
estimate
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE—Continued
SUMMARY—Continued
Federal f u n d s : — C o n t i n u e d
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
902
Proprietary
public
receipts
from
the
500
BA1..
0 J
-30,888
-24,800
-24,800
Total Federal funds
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
-957
-4,295
-4,543
BA1
0 J
BA1
0 J
-7,956
-875
-7,715
-7,815
-1,493
-2,172
-1,369
-1,366
44,397,810
42,465,420
11,838,431
50,531,562
51,755,983
10,657,753
49,525,107
52,119,292
BA
0
902
-4,453
BA
0
550
BA1
0 J
89,209,681
23,295,392
24,568,624
104,004,267
118,756,804
106,443,666
116,672,491
-1,319,000
-1,577,000
91,683,492
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
601
BA }
-1,238,669
902
BA }
-6,818
the
503
BA }
-22
BA }
-48
554
BA1
0 J
601
BA1
0 I
902
BA1
0 J
Proprietary
public
receipts
from
551
-6,987
-10,000
13
-50
-2,219
-651
-1,290
-35
-4
-60
-1,290
-7,715
-3,056
BA
0
Total trust funds
Interfund transactions
551
601
Total Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare.
87,958,814
23,287,763
102,676,212
117,168,454
90,432,625
24,560,995
105,115,611
115,084,141
BA)
0 J
-3,597,768
-878,000
-5,997,000
-7,076,941
BA1
-515,317
-716,902
-741,203
146,493,872
161,106,293
147,926,816
159,385,289
0 J
BA
128,243,539
0
128,784,960
34,248,194
34,340,748
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
HOUSING PROGRAMS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Annual contributions
housing:
Contract authority
Permanent
See footnotes at end of table.
for assisted
604
BA
BA
17,000,000
1,833,511
17,693
14,870,400
15,288
"23,875,400
33,300
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
293
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT—Continued
HOUSING PROGRAMS—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Housing payments
604
Liquidation of contract authority....
(648,694)
2,282,456
Payments for operation of low
income housing projects
604
Contract authority
Liquidation of contract authority....
(2,237,691)
518,545
8A
0
Rent supplement program:
604
Contract authority
State housing finance and
development agencies:
451
Contract authority
Liquidation of contract authority....
Homeownership (Section 235) and
rental housing (Section 236)
assistance:
604
Contract authority, Permanent
(2,975,000)
'(240,000)
2,274,864
'121,136
535,000
(535,000)
177,881
BA
600,000
(15,000)
BA
23
575,600
(575,600)
507,000
2,965,136
"118,864
"612,000
800,000
BA
80,000
(80,000)
127,586
(4,362,000)
BA
15
5
90
560,000
552
Public enterprise funds:
Federal Housing Administration fund
401
Current, indefinite
Authority to spend public debt
receipts.
Authority to spend public debt
receipts, Permanent.
College housing—loans and other
expenses
502
Appropriation, Permanent,
indefinite.
Contract authority
Low-rent public housing—loans and
other expenses
604
M 5,000
209,049
40,281
883,915
1,027,790
1,101,906
945,325
12,863
3,607
14,625
179
176
446
-32,522
-48,617
-8,691
22,151
11,045
26768
147,500
BA
0
1,083,134
1,191,196
BA
BA
BA
0
0
BA
Nonprofit sponsor assistance
0
0
7,474
Rental housing assistance fund...604
(liquidating
Permanent,
11
-229
2,350
-700
100
-600
0
BA
35,000
93
-835
-12,401
2,028
-5,171
518
-9,279
2,040
-9,000
12,448
BA
0
604
Community disposal operations fund
451
programs)
Appropriation,
indefinite.
135,000
"-1,801,344
BA
Emergency homeowners' relief fund
401
Revolving fund
*1,801,344
BA
429
127,559
415
18,422
1,132
131,884
975
41,449
BA
0
-5,386
21,217,145
3,719,420
7,840
302,922
740,481
-13,600
16,498,536
4,068,213
25,651,581
4,621,274
451
Intragovernmental funds:
Disaster assistance fund
453
Total Federal funds Housing
Programs.
See footnotes at end of table.
240-000 O - 77 - 20
294
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)— Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT—Continued
GOVERNMENT NATIONAL MORTGAGE
ASSOCIATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
sales
401
B
A
1,813
Special assistance functions fund
401
Appropriation, Permanent,
indefinite
Authority to spend public debt
receipts.
BA
4,230
1,166
4,600
4,139
BA
3,049
878
3,500
3,661
BA
0
5,000,000
657,695
-232,217
-359,846
-285,858
Management and liquidating
functions fund
401
Limitation on administrative
expenses, Government National
Mortgage Association.
0
-57,556
-7,361
-21,400
-17,000
Guarantees of mortgage backed
securities
401
Participation sales fund:
(Mortgage credit and thrift
insurance)
401
0
-12,106
-4,820
-9,546
-13,400
0
19,673
5,435
10,327
6,393
(Other advancement and
regulation of commerce)
403
0
-2,735
2,370
-2,887
-4,014
(Community development)
451
2,402
1,747
1,751
502
0
0
0
-385
(Higher education)
-6
2,160
-1,166
3,754
-169
-98
-86
-137
0
0
-7,469
-2,183
-7,660
-7,245
8,909
10,086
275
502
5,009,092
596,942
2,044
-234,312
8,100
-390,517
7,800
-315,756
Payment of participation
insufficiencies
Public enterprise funds:
I I I V I v l • 111
l\s
*
(Health research and education)
552
(Veterans housing)
704
Total, Participation sales fund..
Total Federal funds Government
National Mortgage
Association.
(1,393)
BA
0
(350)
COMMUNITY PUNNING AND DEVELOPMENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Community development grants ...451
BA
Contract authority
Liquidation of contract authority....
BA
0
Comprehensive planning grants ...451
BA
0
Miscellaneous appropriations
451
0
451
BA
0
1,788,000
(1,788,000)
982,789
75,000 .
93,837
135,603
438,994
19,651
8,930
"65,000
100,000
"200,000
3,148,000
"3,435,000
(3,148,000) "(3,435,000)
2,250,000
3,022,000
"12,000
"90,000
62,500
25,000
100,000
63,000
62,095
Public enterprise funds:
Rehabilitation loan fund
See footnotes at end of table.
50.000 ...
23,213
19,141
50,000
33,563
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
295
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
T
Q
1976
actual
1977
estimate
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT—Continued
COMMUNITY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
Public enterprise funds:—Continued
Urban renewal programs
451
Liquidation of contract authority....
Total Federal funds Community
Planning and Development.
0
R
A
0
(300,000)
314,690
(1,000,000)
975,000
(703,007)
650,000
801,406
3,560,500
3,432,658
3,525,000
3,825,000
1,233
200
3,000
5,000
8,441
13,932
21,021
20,929
115,773
113,395
82,559
82,680
8,441
15,165
21,021
21,129
115,773
116,395
82,559
87,680
-752
-897
1,845
3,686
75,000
95,282
18,750
22,215
75,000
179,489
"108,000
201,183
75,000
94,530
18,750
21,318
75,000
181,334
108,000
204,869
11
3,000
1000
5,000
4,000
1000
1,000
(702,493)
1,188,271
1,963,000
2,423,713
.
NEW COMMUNITIES ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
New community assistance grants
0
451
Public enterprise funds:
New communities fund:
451
Authority to spend public debt
receipts, Permanent.
Total Federal funds New
Communities Administration.
B
A
0
B
A
0
FEDERAL INSURANCE ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
National insurance development fund
403
0
National flood insurance fund
B
A
0
B
A
0
453
Total Federal funds Federal
Insurance Administration.
CONSUMER AFFAIRS AND REGULATORY
FUNCTIONS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Housing counseling assistance
506
Mobile home standards program..403
B
A
o
B
A
o
. .
990
485
sales: Permanent,
403
B
A
0
329
446
129
-33
365
460
365
365
Total Federal funds Consumer
Affairs and Regulatory
Functions.
B
A
0
1,329
457
129
-33
4,365
2,450
5,365
4,850
B
A
0
53,000
54,081
15,500
11,621
55,000
59,000
60,000
60,000
Interstate land
indefinite
POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Research and technology
See footnotes at end of table.
451
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
296
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
T
Q
1976
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
actual
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT—Continued
DEPARTMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses, Department
of Housing and Urban
Development:
(Other advancement and
regulation of commerce)
403
(Disaster
relief
451
and insurance)
4,323
0
B
A
4,452
490
119,305
30,475
0
(Community development)
B
A
122,873
25,090
595
0
(Federal law enforcement
prosecution)
other
604
and
751
Total, Salaries and expenses,
Department of Housing and
Urban Development.
B
A
36,233
0
B
A
37,320
7,700
12,066
3,048
0
B
A
0
404
0
Low income-housing demonstration
program
451
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund
451
o
Urban transportation
Consolidated working fund
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
450
902
Total Department of Housing
and Urban Development.
9,353
131,436
9,606
48,852
"1,679
50,728
77,163
15,290
240,524
237,546
12,426
2,509
43,471
35,789
24
76,291
202,598
203,379
362
-78
9,497
11,945
"524
12,518
171,932
177,071
129,821
1568
14,987
1 312
-378
0
0
B
A
0
719
522
1210
-824
788
1,516
171,932
176,114
43,471
36,235
202,598
206,951
240,524
237,168
B
A
0
451
Total Federal funds
Departmental Management.
See footnotes at end of table.
6,950
120,940
"4,473
125,893
7,159
"279
7,467
R
A
453
(Public assistance and
income supplements)
7,029
6,474
"273
6,773
28,498,939
7,080,422
403,837
1,397,845
20,519,872
7,676,484
29,680,829
8,725,085
B I
A
0 J
-U84
-743
-3,385
-3,385
BA 1
0
-105
-13
-48
-48
28,497,650
7,079,133
403,081
1,397,089
20,516,439
7,673,051
29,677,396
8,721,652
B
A
0
.
297
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
LAND AND WATER RESOURCES
Bureau of Land Management
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Management of lands and resources
302
B
A
852
53,149
BA
9,404
2,275
BA
-4,900
0
Payments in lieu of taxes
79,734
181,311
Acquisition, construction and
maintenance
302
Contract authority
Liquidation of contract authority....
215,463
(3,183)
12,456
223,829
"17,400
"4,908
237,711
226,212
16,440
233,740
"960
10,160
17,558
A
-13,900
(1,121)
3,918
(5,000)
14,900
BA
(1,924)
17,747
100,000
"200
"99,800
100,000
"100,000
Oregon and California grant lands:
Indefinite
302
Range improvements: Indefinite...302
Recreation development and
operation of recreation facilities-.
Indefinite
302
Service charges, deposits, and
forfeitures- Indefinite
302
Miscellaneous permanent
appropriations:
(Conservation and land
management)-. Permanent,
indefinite .
302
B
A
o
B
A
0
B
A
0
25,104
30,935
19,326
10,500
41,250
28,900
45,000
41,000
5,435
3,625
600
959
100
79
7,370
7,600
8,750
8,500
300
300
300
300
300
226
B
A
0
11,250
10,500
B
A
0
1,573
1,749
860
210
1,476
1,250
(Other general purpose fiscal
assistance): Permanent,
indefinite
852
B
A
0
172,870
172,858
139,357
140,058
140,050
139,424
265,400
265,378
Total, Miscellaneous permanent
appropriations.
B
A
0
174,443
174,607
140,217
140,268
140,800
140,900
266,150
266,628
Total Federal funds Bureau of
Land Management.
B
A
B
A
0
425,249
403,160
242,252
208,873
532,117
535,252
688,719
679,375
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds- Indefinite
B
A
100
100
Intragovemmental funds:
Working capital fund
302
750
750
2,000
302
Permanent indefinite
Bureau of Reclamation
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
General investigations
301
See footnotes at end of table.
B
A
0
421
411
233
160
600
650
600
650
B
A
0
20,892
20,352
6,794
5,237
24,762
26,000
23,170
22,643
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
298
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR—Continued
LAND AND WATER RESOURCES—Continued
Bureau of Reclamation—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
2,117
2,618
669
1,133
2,400
3,000
2,100
2,700
8.810
73,420
104,165
(1,500)
7,895
15,562
10,260
-608
(20,600)
98,000
55,200
48,000
90,649
80,845
49,611
9,205
6,168
837
854
7,130
14,851
200
18
298,834
119,695
34,017
28,696
5,800
BA
21,719
600
BA
0
BA
BA
BA
0
Recreational and fish and wildlife
facilities
303
BA
0
Colorado River Basin Salinity control
projects
301
BA
0
Emergency fund
301
BA
0
Construction and rehabilitation....301
BA
0
Operation and maintenance
BA
0
301
General administrative expenses..301
BA
0
Miscellaneous permanent
appropriations: Permanent
Permanent, indefinite
19,025
19,024
4,015
3,014
23,875
22,365
1,000
1,000
"399,800
399,388
157,400
157,304
24,445
6,176
600
27,495
31,000
4,131
4,000
44,680
43,000
1,000
1,000
548,811
680,500
143,000
144,000
22,600
"900
23,364
600
22,665
15,214
2,992
1,931
19,670
25,240
1,000
976
327,308
318,432
132,162
115,372
21,840
301
Loan program
23,543
600
852
Public enterprise funds:
Upper Colorado River storage project
301
BA
0
Continuing fund for emergency
expenses, Fort Peck project
301
0
29,205
19,500
(22,440)
41,909
38,160
1,356
-2,897
Total Federal funds Bureau of
Reclamation.
0
BA
0
-1,562
638,111
560,660
Trust Funds
Reclamation trust funds-. Permanent,
indefinite
301
BA
0
14,244
12,833
Colorado River Basin project
301
Contract authority, Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority....
0
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
301
250 .
948,999
388,458
1,101,864
200,625
840,440
791,241
3,373
3,686
31,500
28,000
18,600
17,500
18,180
4,411
"21,112
23,276
6,105
18,923
"107
20,178
Office of Water Research and Technology
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
See footnotes at end of table.
301
BA
18,712
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
299
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1977
estimate
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR—Continued
LAND AND WATER RESOURCES—Continued
Office of Water Research and Technology
—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
306
0
-438
33
7
Total Federal funds Office of
Water Research and
Technology.
BA
0
18,180
22,838
4,411
6,478
19,030
20,325
21,112
18,712
Total Federal funds Land and
Water Resources.
BA
0
1,081,540
986,658
635,121
415,976
1,500,146
1,657,441
1,550,271
1,489,328
Total trust funds Land and
Water Resources.
BA
0
14,665
13,244
3,606
3,846
32,200
28,650
19,300
18,150
BA
5,889
1,496
5,961
M.000
"228
6,857
0
5,694
1,467
6,181
'1,000
6,857
BA
316,986
55,988
600,000
BA
0
30,000
275,946
85^627
397,056
'160,743
30,000
422,000
"36,000
30,000
443,000
"80,000
57,484
87,172
594,988
465,181
636,857
529,857
120,750
29,482
"155,628
115,070
29,761
128,861
"8,025
<429
"3,756
128,885
"8,025
BA
19,311
1,060
17,211
"264,957
"12,692
0
12,038
1,953
18,532
"25,000
19,278
"25,000
147 .
FISH AND WILDLIFE AND PARKS
Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
303
Land and water conservation fund
303
Contract authority, Permanent
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
303
0
-67
Total Federal funds Bureau of
Outdoor Recreation.
BA
0
352,875
281,573
Trust Funds
Donations: Permanent, indefinite
303
B
A
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Resource management
303
BA
0
Construction and anadromous fish
303
Migratory bird conservation account
303
Permanent, indefinite
78 ..
.
1 ..
.
See footnotes at end of table.
of
303
7,500
BA
13,930
2,514
12,000
0
Development and operation
recreation facilities
BA
16,015
6,290
14,750
148,127
4,000
7
BA
0
10,000
12,000
12,000
•'10,000
"150
150
3QQ
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR—Continued
FISH AND WILDLIFE AND PARKS-Continued
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Miscellaneous permanent
appropriations:
(Recreational resources):
BA
Permanent indefinite
303
0
84,997
68,955
59
16,129
90,790
78,900
114,296
92,825
(Other general purpose fiscal
assistance): Permanent,
indefinite
852
BA
0
4,837
4,424
1,217
477
4,300
7,000
4,400
6,000
Total, Miscellaneous permanent
appropriations.
BA
0
89,834
73,379
U76
16,606
95,090
85,900
118,696
98,825
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
303
National Park Service
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operation of the national park
system
303
Construction
303
700
800
34,332
55,031
534,329
281,792
309,166
314,180
BA
1,893
731
2,303
2,500
1,825
609
2,275
2,400
BA
255,203
80,498
276,345
"13,730
C
4,228
"4,920
323,147
248,148
78,713
285,680
"13,730
326,148
BA
27,457
7,100
40,097
"694,300
52,190
0
303
421
251,325
216,772
0
Trust Funds
Contributed funds: Permanent
270
BA
0
0
Total Federal funds United
States Fish and Wildlife
Service.
0
68,313
12,964
Road construction:
303
Contract authority
Liquidation of contract authority....
51,666
"64,000
Historic preservation fund
303
(9,900)
-133,995
(21,800)
(30,198)
40,969
9,262
22,943
30,241
BA
24,666
6,040
21,490
^ 1,500
"140
6,589
0
properties
303
-58,500
(40,115)
0
Preservation of historic
BA
52,521
"64,000
17,291
5,011
26,624
^ 1,000
16,006
^500
BA
35,000
0
John F. Kennedy Center for the
Performing Arts
303
15,262
See footnotes at end of table.
2,645
741
0
Planning, development, and
operation of recreation facilities
303
BA
2,534
875
"21
3,019
3,681
14,000
16,158
5,000
3,888
14,000
15,000
14,000
17,500
BA
0
3,072
c
l
3,783
301
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
1977
estimate
TQ
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR—Continued
FISH AND WILDLIFE AND PARKS—Continued
National Park Service—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Miscellaneous permanent
Mill
t
appropriations: Permanent,
indefinite
303
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
303
BA
0
419
307
363
131
320
320
500
500
0
-1,875
Total Federal funds National
Park Service.
BA
0
265,890
391,845
99,742
111,633
940,175
484,837
435,209
525,504
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent
303
BA
0
1,406
2,341
410
662
3,000
1,600
3,000
3,000
Total Federal funds Fish and
Wildlife and Parks.
BA
0
870,090
890,190
191,558
253,836
2,069,492
1,231,810
1,381,232
1,369,541
Total trust funds Fish and
Wildlife and Parks.
BA
0
3,300
4,166
1,141
1,271
5,303
3,875
5,500
5,400
BA
272,836
69,324
353,622
0
286,039
58,880
305,896
1
900
C
347
"9,212
313,377
*900
2
1
789 .
ENERGY AND MINERALS
Geological Survey
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Surveys, investigations and research
306
Payment from proceeds, sale of
301
water Indefinite
Intragovernmental funds:
306
Consolidated working fund...
BA
352,115
-6,864
5,139
5,000
Total Federal funds Geological
Survey.
BA
0
272,838
279,175
69,325
64,019
316,355
319,277
353,622
352,115
Mining Enforcement and Safety
Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
553
BA
84,465
21,134
105,766
0
84,247
20,469
93,740
^1,100
"3,341
100,774
*l,065
98,181
101,839
105,766
105,257
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund...
553
Total Federal funds Mining
Enforcement and Safety
Administration.
Trust Funds
Contributed funds
See footnotes at end of table.
554
0
0
BA
0
0
-72
84,465
84,175
-112
...
105,222
^35
38 ...
21,134
20,507
141 ...
302
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR—Continued
ENERGY AND MINERALS—Continued
Bureau of Mines
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Mines and minerals:
(Energy)
..305
39,310
30,612
_5
65,298
"321
63,448
99,167
"5,178
"1,711
100,503
"4,378
171,675
168,329
200
101,221
"800
160,529
165,526
200
Miscellaneous appropriations
306
-1,942
-248
"-47,500
47,500
312
47,500
1,980
-2,222
158,818
130,710
71
5
39,310
31,110
1,688
171,675
170,529
1,500
208,029
169,206
BA
0
657
794
427
279
600
600
800
800
BA
0
602
605
1,058
1,056
198
157
259
275
_7
749
820
1,141
1,141
864
864
1,231
1,231
B
A
51,261
96,992
6,681
23,871
83,613
23,931
BA
0
Total, Mines and minerals
15,439
0
306
61,826
0
(Other natural resources)
B
A
158,818
134,874
0
63,322
63,505
97,207
Helium fund:
Permanent
306
00
Public enterprise funds:
OOO
BA
Intragovernmental funds:
306
Total Federal funds Bureau of
Mines.
0
ooo
Consolidated working fund
Trust Funds
Contributed
indefinite
funds:
Permanent,
306
Alaska Power Administration
Federal
Funds
General investigations
301
Operation and maintenance
301
ooo
General and special funds:
301
0
Total Federal funds Alaska
Power Administration.
BA
0
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
-57
1,660
1,604
457
425
88
1,890
2,049
5
2,095
2,100
-54,208
-35,696
-28,350
44,500
1,000
802
257
197
1,076
1,074
1,143
1,141
Bonneville Power Administration
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Bonneville Power Administration fund
301
0
Southeastern Power Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operation and maintenance
See footnotes at end of table.
301
BA
0
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
303
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR—Continued
ENERGY AND MINERALS—Continued
Southwestern Power Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
301
BA
0
BA
680
749
6,080
125
73
1,874
Continuing fund (special fund) ....301
0
0
3,965
-65
6,760
4,649
Construction
301
Operation and maintenance
4,312
4,312
8,193
1,664
896
959
7,707
"106
8,545
1,999
1,737
8,709
9,504
12,505
13,005
132,482
82,299
427
420
597,886
575,922
600
600
683,160
687,324
800
800
49,788
Total Federal funds
Southwestern Power
Administration.
8A
0
Total Federal funds Energy and
Minerals.
BA
0
Total trust funds Energy and
Minerals.
BA
0
525,541
446,907
657
682
BA
36,012
8,325
33,531
6,124
287,021
89,502
265,901
68,795
8,693
INDIAN AFFAIRS
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Federal
Funds
General and special funds:
Operation of Indian programs-.
(Conservation and land
management)
and
501
BA
243,085
79,380
0
Indian
BA
0
227,690
566,118
527,122
80,672
58,208
64,970
177,207
139,889
13,550
19,441
0
(76,705)
61,872
(28,000)
20,105
38,681
'6,000
<129
"845
39,680
'5,800
315,927
'4,040
3,664
"1,134
321,087
'3,400
248,105
< 1,635
"6,626
256,418
626,786
626,385
77,101
72,332
39,075
(36,795)
89,895
BA
0
15,143
14,728
3,430
4,374
12,666
12,800
302
(Area and regional development)
452
(Elementary, secondary,
vocational education)
Total, Operation
programs.
Construction
of
BA
452
BA
0
Road construction
452
Liquidation of contract authority....
BA
Miscellaneous permanent
appropriations-.
(Area and regional development):
Permanent, indefinite
452
See footnotes at end of table.
48,451
'200
339,086
329,417
'640
265,866
259,330
654,740
638,038
87,247
89,445
70,335
(22,912)
74,368
15,430
14,600
304
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
T
Q
1976
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
actual
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR-—Continued
INDIAN AFFAIRS-Continued
Bureau of Indian Affairs—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Miscellaneous permanent
appropriations:—Continued
(Other general government)
Permanent, indefinite
806
Total, Miscellaneous permanent
appropriations.
B
A
B
A
0
B
A
0
71,600
40,000
30,000
555
98
200
200
73,001
40,137
30,200
30,200
87,298
87,729
43,528
44,511
42,866
43,000
45,630
44,800
3 000
6,859
1,717
14,673
14,200
858
212
15 000
6 600
6,200
2
-1
13
13
30,000
Public enterprise funds:
Revolving fund for loans
. 452
Indian loan guaranty and insurance
fund
452
Liquidation of Hoonah
Project revolving fund
Housing
452
R
A
0
R
A
0
0
10 000
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
452
0
B
A
0
Trust
-13,402
234,285
212,472
800,828
852,898
857,952
867,064
B
A
R
A
R
A
0
B
A
1,938
22,200
216 575
160,172
292
5,990
52 371
61,657
3,000
25,400
238 689
165,983
3,000
23,000
240,000
183,000
8,745
40,000
30,000
30,000
R
A
0
B
A
0
B
A
0
B
A
0
1 714
4,905
832
43,205
2,000
37,317
94,000
124,000
251,172
165,077
99,485
104,862
299,089
203,300
390,000
307,000
251,172
165,077
99,485
104,862
299,089
203,300
390,000
307,000
747,088
737,798
234,285
212,472
800,828
852,898
857,952
867,064
B
A
0
251,172
165,077
99,485
104,862
299,089
203,300
390,000
307,000
B
A
27,753
23,804
21,001
16,688
23,846
^19,700
"26
33,926
A
16,000
...
Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds:
(Area and regional development)..452
Current, indefinite
Permanent indefinite
(Other general government):
Permanent
806
Permanent indefinite
Total, Miscellaneous
funds.
trust
Total trust funds Bureau of
Indian Affairs.
Total Federal
Affairs.
-4,852
747,088
737,798
21,084
Total Federal funds Bureau of
Indian Affairs.
funds
Indian
Total trust funds Indian Affairs.
TERRITORIAL AFFAIRS
Office of Territorial Affairs
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Administration of territories
See footnotes at end of table.
806
20,027
^3,700
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
305
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR—Continued
TERRITORIAL AFFAIRS—Continued
Office of Territorial Affairs—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Trust territory of the Pacific Islands
806
BA
89,438
15,138
86,389
21,248
8 600
7,073
Micronesian claims fund, Trust
Territory of the Pacific Islands.806
BA
0
Office of the Comptroller for Guam:
Permanent, indefinite
806
BA
0
Internal revenue collections for the
Virgin Islands: Permanent,
indefinite
852
BA
0
10,000
9,517
600
374
17,284
33,368
Total Federal funds Office of
Territorial Affairs.
BA
0
79,077
"14,444
"180
82,175
"9,600
"86,625
'2,614
'9,458
80,537
"4,844
'2,614
'4,000
5
6
4,726
3,495
8 548
41
4
680
19,000
18,794
36
3
680
20,000
20,000
145,075
150,732
52,268
48,560
156,714
169,723
140,034
136,402
BA
11,598
2,782
14,054
0
BA
11,763
19,256
2,710
4,376
0
17,945
5,058
BA
12,366
2,570
11,296
3,811
12,371
"550
12,898
20,620
^277
"750
20,620
^263
12,926
^730
"350
13,036
1,494
26
75
1
907
1,800
1,000
1,200
'7,660
'7,660
49,481
49,347
59,339
57,986
SECRETARIAL OFFICES
Office of the Solicitor and Office of the
Secretary
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Office of the Solicitor, salaries and
expenses
306
Office of the Secretary, salaries and
expenses
306
Departmental operations
306
Salaries and expenses (special
foreign currency program)
306
BA
0
River basins commissions
comprehensive studies
and
301
BA
0
cleanup:
304
BA
0
Litter prevention and
Permanent, indefinite
9
4
13,654
23,161
22,512
13,464
12,946
4
2 ..
.
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund
306
0
Consolidated working fund, Office of
the Secretary....;
306
0
Total Federal funds Office of
the Solicitor and Office of
the Secretary.
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
-172
8
44,723
40,870
18
7
217 .
.
9,807
11,977
THE
306
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR—Continued
SECRETARIAL OFFICES—Continued
Office of the Solicitor and Office of the
Secretary— Continued
Trust Funds
River basin commissions and
comprehensive studies trust fund:
Indefinite
BA
0
-'8,414
J
%A3l
301
Total Federal funds Secretarial
Offices.
BA
0
Total trust funds Secretarial
Offices.
44,723
40,870
91807
11,977
49,481
49,347
BA
0
59,339
57,986
8,414
8,431
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
250
BA1
0 J
3,414,057
3,253,155
-158
1,255,521
1,025,120
5,174,547
4,537,141
-9
4,671,988
4,607,645
-3
300
BA1
0 J
-623,774
-177,067
-668,140
-737,054
301
BA1
0 J
-237,171
-62,967
-263,184
-271,718
BA1
-12,813
-3,438
-13,166
-15,930
450
0 I
500
BA1
0 J
-81
-9
-70
-70
800
BA1
0 J
-704
-184
-900
-1,000
BA1
240
806
0 J
902
BA1
-4,343
-794
-4,422
-4,820
0 J
Total Federal funds
BA
2,535,253
1,011,053
4,224,662
3,641,396
0
2,374,351
780,652
3,587,256
3,577,053
269,794
183,169
104,659
110,399
337,192
236,425
424,014
339,781
-14,244
-3,373
-31,500
-19,979
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the BA1
public
301 0 J
302
BA1
0 J
303
306
BA1
0 J
806
BA1
0 I
452
See footnotes at end of table.
BA1
0 I
BA1
0 J
-422
-1,893
-657
-112,613
-233
-731
-427
-73,302
-675
-2,303
-600
-675
-2,500
-800
-114,009
-107,725
-2,000
-94,000
307
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR—Continued
SUMMARY—Continued
Trust funds:—Continued
902
BAl
-66,482
-25,371
-31,382
-31,382
73,483
-13,142
1,222
6,962
154,723
53,956
166,953
82,720
0 J
Total trust funds
BA
0
Interfund transactions
-7,035
301
BAl....
0 J
452
BAl
0 J
-58,341
806
BAl
0 J
-9,390
Total Department of the Interior
BA
0
-119,805
2,541,005
1,012,275
2,293,478
787,614
-125,000
-30,000
.
-30,000
4,229,580
3,491,407
3,646,314
3,497,738
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
B
A
751
21,612
5,447
23,187
Salaries and expenses
5,058
20,400
^ 1,595
<27
"873
21,606
^1,595
26,231
26,529
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
751
0
-226
267
Working capital fund
751
BA
0
BA
0
-1,631
21,612
21,330
-60
5,447
5,265
BA
62,259
15,573
0
63,251
16,494
BA
22,239
5,834
0
21,290
5,987
146,532
38,398
Total Federal funds
Administration.
General
^2,975
25,870
23,201
26,231
26,529
64,090
^8,273
"2,860
66,211
^8,264
75,273
24,000
^1,670
"1,036
24,172
29,785
160,890
^957
178,291
LEGAL ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses, General Legal
Activities
751
Salaries and expenses,
Division
Antitrust
751
Salaries and expenses, United States
Attorneys and Marshals
751
B
A
74,659
"9
28,899
^52
('A
0
Fees and expenses of witnesses...751
See footnotes at end of table.
146,138
38,732
"6,119
164,081
^957
BA
0
16,830
14,687
4,090
3,645
19,177
18,794
175,557
20,222
19,839
308
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
T
Q
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE—Continued
LEGAL ACTIVITIES—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
B
A
4,034
0
B
A
0
4,088
251,894
249,454
B
A
0
funds
Legal
5,192
1,148
64,915
66,006
293,751
288,707
308,763
304,129
485,950
128,741
529,454
468,764
130,177
493,977
"19,400
514,932
B
A
214,609
54,690
254,490
200,956
58,920
234,000
^2,100
"8,515
240,048
^2,087
161,175
^2,019
"5,069
173,630
^1,877
181,241
208,160
'3,090
< 1,082
"5,705
f
163
215,632
^2,997
233,640
B
A
4,997
9,924
0
Total Federal
Activities.
4,500
"175
4,610
0
Salaries and expenses, Community
Relations Service
751
2,806
7,598
56,980
'22,000
39,187
* 1,500
67,588
48,963
* 11,200
31,875
31,042
35,063
34,535
1,020
5,114
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
751
529,459
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
751
253,325
^13
DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
155,001
43,388
146,339
43,927
B
A
195,938
50,570
0
751
B
A
0
Salaries and expenses
183,921
55,186
183,524
^142
FEDERAL PRISON SYSTEM
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses, Bureau of
Prisons
753
National Institute of Corrections...754
232,277
^93
"46
753
Support of United States prisoners
753
See footnotes at end of table.
B
A
12,560
4,395
0
Buildings and facilities
30,554
5,655
B
A
0
31,875
30,132
8,466
7,577
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE—Continued
FEDERAL PRISON SYSTEM—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
Intragovernmental funds:
Federal Prison Industries,
0
Incorporated
753
Limitation on administrative
expenses.
Limitation on vocational expenses.
Total Federal funds
Prison System.
Federal
-4,130
(1,937)
(5,248)
(296)
(1,267)
LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE
ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
754
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
240,373
238,674
63,431
64,288
-332
BA
809,638
0
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
750
902
Total Federal funds
(1,618)
(4,829)
(1,947)
(4,381)
51
0
Trust Funds
Commissary funds, Federal prisons
(trust revolving fund)
753
BA
0
-5,933
BA1
0 J
BA1
0 I
334,098
293,164
346,215
334,666
204,960
753,000
"1,442
704,500
920,555
213,082
904,428
819,086
2,179,077
2,246,072
565,572
581,665
2,334,416
2,442,074
2,350,894
2,450,873
-4,154
-30,798
-6,007
-6,047
-11
-284
-10
-10
BA
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
2,174,912
534,490
2,328,399
2,344,837
0
2,241,907
550,583
2,436,057
2,444,816
0
-332
51
BA
2,174,912
534,490
2,328,399
2,344,837
0
Total Department of Justice
2,241,575
550,634
2,436,057
2,444,816
69,774
"2,051
*73,962
DEPARTMENT O F LABOR
EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Program administration
504
BA
0
68,261
17,291
65,977
15,316
75,860
78,024
BA
2,916,820
597,500
3,311,830
"2,616,330
'525,000
0
Employment and training assistance
504
3,157,525
1,057,962
3,212,000
2,616,330
'525,000
Community service employment for
older Americans
504
BA
0
85,900
46,469
10,756
90,600
64,474
22,650
90,844
Temporary
BA
0
2,825,000
1,887,327
519,058
2,384,000
2,358,297
1,000,000
employment
See footnotes at end of table.
240-000 O - 77 - 21
assistance
504
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
310
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR—Continued
EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION
—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Federal unemployment benefits and BA
allowances
603
0
95,000
139,928
20,300
-26,302
860.000
860,000
89.100
98,558
1.200.000
1,200,000
53.600
53,600
1,110,768
5,000,000
4,509,464
1,800,000
Grants to States for unemployment
insurance and employment
services
504
BA
0
410.000
1,892,173
81,300
181,831
Advances to the unemployment trust
fund and other funds: Indefinite
603
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
504
BA
0
5,000,000
7,883,231
4,483
-5,134
Total Federal funds
Employment and Training
Administration.
BA
0
11,387,281
15,119,016
730.091
2,822,352
11,807,355
11,178,653
4.491.542
7,363,798
BA
0
62
15
-8
10
100
183
100
100
BA
0
124.334
175,091
3.254.864
3,368,753
3,379,198
3,543,844
3,379.190
3,543,854
547,036
537,578
15,152.964
14,862,422
15.700.000
15,400,000
15.700.100
15,400,183
639.284
639,284
16.560,716
12,660,716
17,200,000
13,300,000
17.200,100
13,300,100
Trust Funds
Gifts and bequests, National
Commission for Manpower Policy:
Permanent, indefinite
504
Unemployment trust fund:
(Training and employment):
Permanent, indefinite
504
0
Total, Unemployment trust fund
BA
0
Total trust funds Employment
and Training Administration.
BA
0
512,720
365,352
15.700.760
17,555,061
16.213,480
17,920,413
16.213,542
17,920,428
LABOR-MANAGEMENT SERVICES
ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
505
BA
45.885
11.464
48.319
'1,435
"1,643
56,199
37,065
10,297
47,746
'1,200
53,603
'235
87,407
22,621
92,952
'2,955
105,809
0
83,843
20,673
96]l89
'2,955
105,809
BA
0
22,141
14,595
5,566
4,841
29,542
29,542
27,035
27,035
(Unemployment insurance):
Permanent, indefinite
603
BA
0
EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
505
B
A
Special benefits:
(General retirement and disability
insurance)
601
See footnotes at end of table.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR—Continued
EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION
—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Special benefits-.—Continued
(Federal employee retirement and
8A
disability)
602
75,234
288,276
^19,131
292,325
0
Total, Special benefits
275,959
226,624
65,768
288,276
'19,131
292,325
319,360
BA
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
553
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
553
336,949
70,609
336,949
319,360
385,507
325,062
103,421
91,282
436,093
436,093
425,169
425,169
BA
0
4,313
4,082
72
1,101
3,916
3,317
4,417
3,772
BA
117,181
29,400
130,333
134,640
0
Trust Funds
Special workers' compensation expenses
(permanent): Permanent
601
80,800
241,219
BA
0
Total Federal funds
Employment Standards
Administration.
298,100
0
109,073
31,775
127,920
132,300
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
505
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
505
Total Federal funds Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
Trust Funds
Special statistical work
505
DEPARTMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
505
255
-1,045
670
BA
0
117,181
109,328
29,400
30,730
130,333
128,590
134,640
132,300
BA
65,846
16,590
73,018
"2,249
84,366
0
Total Federal funds
Occupational Safety and
Health Administration.
0
58,494
15,933
73,885
82,788
0
-1,157
819
BA
0
65,846
57,337
16,590
16,752
75,267
73,885
84,366
82,788
0
1
38,240
8,674
49,182
"2,152
"58,638
0
Special foreign currency program.505
BA
34,425
15,219
51,000
58,341
BA
0
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund
See footnotes at end of table.
505
0
70
128
-1,138
70
15
-831
70
163
75
-110
-110
THE
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR—Continued
DEPARTMENTAL MANAGEMENT—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
Intragovernmental funds:—Continued
Miscellaneous consolidated working
funds
505
Total Federal funds
Departmental Management.
0
819
38,310
34,234
BA
0
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
12,040,010
15,682,042
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the BA1
public
500 0 I
-170
8^74
14,233
899,640
2,985,646
51,404
51,053
58,708
58,306
12,551,849
11,917,220
5.250,624
8,116,199
603
902
Total Federal funds
-100
-685
-685
BA1
-152
0 I
BA1
29
0 J
BA1
-301
0 J
BA 12,038,982
0
15,681,014
-61
-152
-152
-187
-301
-301
899,292
2,985,298
12,550,711
11,916,082
5,249,486
8,115,061
BA
0
600
-604
3,379,262
3,544,955
15,704,016
15,403,500
17,204,517
13,303,872
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
504
Total trust funds
Interfund transactions
16,217,855
17,924,511
Total Department of Labor
3,379,270
3,544,963
15,704,016
15,403,500
17,204,517
13,303,872
BA1 -7,878,231
-625,000
-3,851,464
-1,800,000
0 J
BA 20,378,544
0
25,727,232
603
BA1
-62
0 J
BA 16,217,793
0
17,924,449
8
3,653,562
5,905,261
24,403,263
23,468,118
20,654,003
19,618,933
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
152
Representation allowances
152
Acquisition, operation, and
maintenance of buildings abroad
152
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
432,400
0
BA
0
BA
366,556
1,700
1,557
29,942
78,731
525
678
8,486
33,670
1,260
0
121,600
539,800
'137
"7,063
560,916
2,000
1,920
67,200
"152
38,536
"597,800
594,326
"2,500
2,350
"103,101
75,805
313
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF STATE—Continued
ADMINISTRATION OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS—Con.
Mitral Fund*—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Acquisition, operation, and
maintenance of buildings abroad
(special foreign currency program)
152
Emergencies in the diplomatic and
consular service
152
Payment to the Foreign Service
retirement and disability fund .152
Permanent, indefinite
Payment to Conditional gift fund,
general
152
BA
0
16,785
6,944
800
1,741
5,535
10,417
"7,520
10,069
BA
0
BA
2,100
1,897
8,055
600
411
1,590
2,100
2,270
8,055
'17,794
57,100
65,155
'17,794
"2,600
2,450
"26,599
-171
-10
706,936
696,837
806,120
777,589
BA
BA
0
30,300 ...
38,355
1,590
66,000
92,599
125
125 ...
BA
0
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund
Consolidated working fund
152
152
Total Federal funds
Administration of Foreign
Affairs.
0
0
BA
0
854
-674
521,282
449,159
36
-55 ...
133,726
84,517
Truit Fund$
Foreign Service retirement
disability fund: Indefinite
Permanent, indefinite
and
602
BA
BA
0
'22,364
BA
0
BA
0
10,626
18,234
223
73
10,849
18,307
136,937
83,010
837
962
160,138
83,972
161,187
96,692
837
837
162,024
97,529
BA
217,853
218,854
215,515
166,573
277,545
"74,458
280,052
'66,131
40,000
"-12,000
20,000
9,350
"337,104
0
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
152
Total trust funds
Administration of Foreign
Affairs.
96,787
66,903
825
701
97,612
67,604
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND
CONFERENCES
Federal Fund*
General and special funds:
Contributions to international
organizations
152
B
A
35,000
0
Contributions for international
peacekeeping activities
152
1,865
9,139
2,723
8,497
1,982
BA
0
7,140
5,264
1,775
2,781
152
International conferences and
contingencies
152
See footnotes at end of table.
58,822
B
A
0
Missions to international
organizations
308,596
"8,327
"41,600
36,800
"9,900
DIM
JLliQ
9,840
7,035
6,712
10,090
"7,730
7,530
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
314
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF STATE—Continued
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND
CONFERENCES-Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
International trade negotiations... 152
Total Federal funds
International Organizations
and Conferences.
Trust Funds
Gifts and bequests, National
Commission on Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural Cooperation:
Permanent, indefinite
152
INTERNATIONAL COMMISSIONS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
International Boundary and Water
Commission, United States and
Mexico:
Salaries and expenses
301
Construction
American sections,
commissions
301
international
301
B
A
2,856
0
B
A
0
2,980
849
3,162
3,702
271,988
291,078
224,091
174,050
400,164
385,897
400,157
375,045
B
A
0
55
19
20
28
50
50
50
45
B
A
5,525
1,440
"6,333
0
B
A
0
B
A
5,484
1,349
5,800
<116
"133
6,117
8,365
8,868
830
1,569
3,919
13,910
"17,000
18,300
1,609
464
1,840
"2,200
739
3,500
"3,823
6,333
"55
0
B
A
1,356
673
1,925
2,125
4,760
2,019
5,500
"5,745
0
International fisheries commissions
4,790
2,047
5,499
5,702
B
A
0
20,259
20,498
4,753
5,638
17,414
27,451
31,278
32,460
B
A
55,325
10.097
"70,500
0
0
53,164
18,743
58,500
"519
56,019
37
30
10,000
10,163
"12,600
12,600
13
10
"51
302
Total Federal funds
International Commissions.
EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE
reaerai runas
General and special funds:
Mutual educational and cultural
exchange activities
153
International educational exchange
activities (special foreign currency
program) ...
. .
153
Center for Cultural and Technical
Interchange Between East and
West
153
Preservation of ancient Nubian
monuments (special foreign
currency program)
153
See footnotes at end of table.
B
A
0
o
-10
9,000
8,837
2,350
2,420
63,775
315
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)— Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF STATE —Continued
EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Educational exchange fund,
BA
payments by Finland, World War I
0
debt: Permanent, indefinite
153
3,068
2,920
52
506
Total Federal funds Educational
Exchange.
BA
0
67,393
12,447
64,911
21,215
69,019
66,738
83,100
76,415
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
153
BA
0
311
206
46
106
225
236
225
254
BA
15,823
708
*24,554
0
12,340
4,104
10,000
"8,325
"31
15,590
"5,500
15,000
14,672
OTHER
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Migration and refugee assistance
151
Assistance to refugees from the
Soviet Union and other communist
countries in Eastern Europe 151
BA
15,000
0
29,849
4,795
Special assistance to refugees from
Cambodia and Vietnam
604
0
205,053
20,619
"2,825
17,484
International Center, Washington,
D.C. (special fund): Permanent,
indefinite
152
Payment to the Republic of Panama:
Permanent
152
Eighth Pan-American games
20,000
1,422
2,456
BA
0
146
104
Total Federal funds Other
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
BA
0
2,328
2,328
BA
0
153
33,151
708
249,716
26,487
BA
914,073
375,725
1,075,362
311,907
BA1
0 I
-519
-130
the
150
BA1
0 J
-21,340
-10,580
300
BA1
0J
BA1
0J
BA1
0J
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
152
Proprietary
public
receipts
from
301
400
See footnotes at end of table.
450
-82
-5
-356
-127
-633
-932
3,254
2,507
2,328
2,328
'6,000
"1,000
43,106
61,546
2,328
2,328
"3,000
30,136
31,729
1,236,639
1,238,469
1,350,791
1,293,238
-519
-519
-17,028
-18,860
-66
-66
-360
-360
-700
-700
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF STATE—Continued
SUMMARY—Continued
Federal funds:—Continued
902
-3,298
-66
-435
-450
BA
0
887,845
1,049,134
363,885
300,067
1,217,531
1,219,361
1,329,836
1,272,283
BA
0
Total Federal funds
BA1
0 I
97,978
67,829
10,915
18,441
160,413
84,258
162,299
97,828
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
602
BA1
0 I
Proprietary receipts from the BA1
public
153 0 J
Total trust funds
BA
0
Interfund transactions
152 BA1
0 J
Total Department of State
BA
0
-436
-49
-506
-506
-253
-21
-150
-150
97,289
67,140
-54,455
10,845
18,371
-2,295
159,757
83,602
-104,199
161,643
97,172
-114,049
930,679
1,061,819
372,435
316,143
1,273,089
1,198,764
1,377,430
1,255,406
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
407
34,900
"1,274
36,200
28,000
31,000
100
250
35,000
31,200
31,200
-1,000
-823
-1,500
-3,980
15,930
24,309
64,274
65,627
66,063
60,970
738,054
212,287
818,383
> 20,017
"874,055
0
Transportation planning, research,
and development
407
Transportation research activities
overseas (special foreign currency
program)
407
BA
32,950
8,930
0
BA
0
BA
0
25,343
28,000
29,935
250
1
12,340
7,000
8,791
0
0
1,014
-3,952
2,413
765
BA
0
61,200
52,341
BA
34,863
706,631
195,119
835,600
BA
0
BA
0
166,100
120,334
6,500
3,265
250
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund
407
Consolidated working fund,
transportation systems center..4O7
Total Federal funds Office of
the Secretary.
COAST GUARD
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operating expenses
Acquisition, construction,
improvements
Alteration of bridges
See footnotes at end of table.
406
and
406
406
16,160
33,259
1,625
2,892
236,000
158,000
10,900
10,600
'-700
870,755
J
-700
"226,600
223,000
"15,100
15,000
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
317
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION—Continued
COAST GUARD—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
155,401
Research, development, test, and
evaluation
406
BA
0
State boating safety assistance...406
BA
0
Pollution fund
BA
30,649
18,600
17,783
5,790
5,080
10,000
BA
0
2,957
7,354
694
7,273
147,103
"-6,803
140,300
34,650
1,100
35,650
18,800
20,000
5,790
6,900
5,000
"10,000
3,500
7,300
BA
0
2,000
2,026
-1,073
1,105,751
1,013,694
-1,210
3,091
280,741
288,090
700
-4,400
1,304,440
1,210,650
900
3,570
1,344,106
1,337,886
0
0
BA
0
9
7
200
9
207
1
1
-512
1
-511
30
30
14
30
44
30
30
26
30
56
BA
1,567,250
410,600
1,416,000
"72,900
1,582,945
0
1,551,894
381,679
1,490,867
BA
0
BA
14,750
12,678
18,602
2,925
3,335
4,690
0
BA
0
0
18,596
11,625
1,600
1,272
4,411
15,500
18,200
20,700
"800
21,420
5,000
13,885
36
0
0
362
-5
15
0
1888
237
-549
-302
-719
406
123,650
33,300
0
Reserve training..
BA
..406
Retired pay
BA
121,645
32,100
32,612
10,575
10,459
4,650
3,846
1,450
749
0
304
Permanent, indefinite
155,401
"36,560
36,460
"22,800
20,000
5,790
5,500
"5,000
3,500
8,000
Intragovernmental funds:
Coast Guard supply fund
406
BA
0
Coast Guard yard fund
406
0
Total Federal
Guard.
funds
Trust
Funds
Coast Guard general
Permanent, indefinite
gift
Coast
fund:
406
Miscellaneous trust revolving funds .406
Total trust funds Coast Guard...
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operations
Facilities, engineering
development
405
and
405
Operation and maintenance,
Metropolitan Washington Airports
405
Construction, Metropolitan
Washington Airports
405
Civil supersonic aircraft development
termination
405
Safety regulation
405
United States International
Aeronautical Exposition
479
1
5
'-3,000
1,573,795
'-3,000
17,963
18,500
21,273
21,238
6,000
7,344
405
Public enterprise funds:
Aviation war risk insurance revolving
fund
405
See footnotes at end of table.
-747
318
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION—Continued
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION—Con.
Federal Funds—Continued
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund,
0
integrated grant administration
program
405
Total Federal funds Federal
Aviation Administration.
Trust Funds
Grants-in-aid for airports (Airport and
airway trust fund)
405
Contract authority
Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority
BA
0
1,612,227
1,585,849
418,215
389,722
BA
2,800
15,000
540,000
(320,000)
548,000
212,600
218,000
85,000
85,500
236,805
236,805
1,084,405
1,088,305
8,220
1,498
250
(7,500)
6,792
6,949
"263
7,004
28,000
(33,600)
42,900
2,410
7,800
1,500
2,800
(1,000)
457
(3,560)
3,500
3,333
3,600
(290)
5,060
4,502
7,200
25,000
5,000
(8,200)
2,300
15,000
2,965
(2,700)
8,400
(70,000)
50,000
(45,000)
65,000
3,100
4,675
BA
0
516
315,837
547,019
42
532,900
92,001
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Motor carrier safety
404
BA
6,667
1,684
6,892
1,000
(30,000)
32,846
4,900
12,628
0
BA
0
Research, engineering and development
(Airport and airway trust fund) ....405
BA
0
Operations (Airport and airway trust
fund)
405
BA
0
Highway beautification
404
0
BA
Liquidation of contract authority...
Darien Gap Highway
151
Territorial highways
404
Contract authority, Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority....
Railroad-highway crossings
demonstration projects
404
Off-system railway-highway crossings
404
National scenic and recreational
highway
404
Liquidation of contract authority...
Alaska Highway
404
BA
0
BA
BA
BA
0
BA
0
Access highways to public recreation
areas on certain lakes
404
See footnotes at end of table.
8,000
(4,000)
2,275
467
2,360
48,364
17,900
18,092
-1,270
BA
0
Off-systems roads
404
Liquidation of contract authority....
0
BA
0
10,000
510,000
(355,000)
308,000
200,000
220,000
74,350
71,000
250,000
249,790
1,034,350
848,790
(92,500)
25,503
Facijities and equipment (Airport and
airway trust fund)
405
1,625,181
1,617,130
500,000
BA
BA
(370,000)
268,766
245,537
204,004
67,500
73,733
Total trust funds Federal
Aviation Administration.
1,530,900
1,545,814
(10,000)
5,582
10,000
(2,500)
6,650
7,790
34,150
(10,000)
39,400
5,750
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
319
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
1977
estimate
TQ
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION—Continued
FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION—Con.
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Alaska roads study
404 BA
0
Highways crossing federal projects
404
BA
0
Miscellaneous appropriations
404
Liquidation of contract authority....
BA
200
40
35,000 .
7,000
0
Total Federal funds Federal
Highway Administration.
Trust Funds
Federal-aid highways (trust fund): 404
Contract authority
Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority
BA
0
BA
BA
0
Limitation on general operating
expenses.
Highway related safety grants:
404
Contract authority, Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority
Project acceleration
program
404
demonstration
404
Highland scenic highway
BA
0
1,577
1,934
18,114
1,502,511
3,475,000
(6,833,800)
6,377,001
(144,480)
3,317,778
(1,348,950)
1,714,388
(36,991)
(11,700)
11,700
24,762
(3,000)
3,000
212
11
0
BA
0
Baltimore-Washington Parkway
11,000 .
(3,300)
6,882
42,034
69,465
BA
0
404
BA
Trust fund share of other highway
programs
404
Contract authority, Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority
BA
15,000
10,933
2,300
74,672
163,435
3,538,239
(6,528,100)
5,840,000
(150,400)
"(4,641)
6,842,778
(6,100,000)
6,884,000
(162,066)
(20,320)
20,000
1,500
2,980
10,000
2,000
25,000
(7,300)
31,400
9,000
10,400
8,000
8,250
7,200
7,200
BA
0
Miscellaneous trust funds.- Permanent
151
Contract authority, Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority
BA
1,878
892
BA
853
(5,417)
7,644
90
(1,220)
1,237
(1,385)
9,654
(20,000)
21,838
5,015,675
6,428,223
(5,000)
9,220
3,377,022
1,727,697
(35,000)
35,800
3,584,375
5,939,284
and
404
Overseas highway
BA
0
0
Right-of-way
revolving
fund
2,510
2,250
-2,759
404
Liquidation of contract authority
0
Total trust funds Federal
Highway Administration.
1,143
9,000
8,685
500
(trust
revolving fund)
See footnotes at end of table.
840
5,000
4,200
3,333
404
0
research
24,762
(20,000)
20,000
6,667
(14,300)
16,200
9,000
8,000
12,500
4,650
6,469
Highway safety
development
11,200
(6,500)
14,238
88,745
144,447
31,250
BA
10
6
BA
0
(32,700)
32,700
6,925,073
6,998,990
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
320
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION—Continued
NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY
ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
404
State and community highway safety
404
Contract authority, Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority....
39,016
10.680
42,511
Traffic and highway safety
9,111
BA
0
(2,000)
8,749
39,016
51,260
1,220
(500)
-2,192
11.900
6,919
BA
28,984
6,320
BA
56.500
(69,000)
100,025
124,530
(19,500)
31,100
BA
0
85.484
100,025
130,850
31,100
1,456
BA
BA
BA
0
Total Federal funds National
Highway Traffic Safety
Administration.
Trust Funds
Trust fund share of highway safety
programs
404
Contract authority, Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority
0
Gifts and donations
404
Total trust funds National
Highway Traffic Safety
Administration.
45.580
'3.000
"623
59,603
'750
0
(5,140)
1,000
49,203
61,353
55,523
55,382
'2,100
1,140
1,200
56,663
58,682
28,017
26.746
"335
15.000
150,860
(83,360)
(122,200)
120,345
165,000
11 ..
.
178,877
42.081
165,000
120,356
FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Office of the administrator
404
BA
6.075
0
Railroad safety
404
BA
5,949
17.950
Railroad research and development
404
BA
0
Rail service assistance
404
Authority to spend public debt
receipts.
BA
BA
0
Northeast corridor
program
improvement
404
BA
0
Railroad transportation employment
and improvement
404
BA
90.000
4,669
25.000
7
18.000
Grants to National Railroad
Passenger Corporation
404
BA
471.200
130.000
0
354,490
117,348
0
Emergency rail facilities restoration
404
0
6.300
7,050
"97 n
14,904
64.150
48,441
350.130
54.001 .
378,927
25.000
1,394
4.475
3,788
15,650
13,980
15.300
45 .
6,510
19.300
"510
19,435
52.900
65,000
83.000
6,985
20,960
80,275
150.000
85,000
79,000
400.000
180,000
575.700
'47,000
705,062
'47,000
1,387 .
.
617,000
21,360
57.000
45,500
88,350
617,000
Public enterprise funds:
Alaska Railroad revolving fund
See footnotes at end of table.
404
BA
0
9.000
241
8,360
6,000
7,166
3,000
3,745
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
321
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION—Continued
FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION—Con.
Federal Funds—Continued
Public enterprise funds:—Continued
70,000
30,000
100,000
80,000
1,293,360
1,033,590
Railroad rehabilitation and
improvement financing fund....404
BA
0
Total Federal funds Federal
Railroad Administration.
BA
0
1,087,506
209,881
1,010,980
802,997
149,546
1,046,835
BA
BA
0
277,300
669,266
(1,276,300)
1,322,085
14,400
-14,400
(325,000)
286,993
528,800
-73,800
(1,700,000)
1,830,000
550,200
-95,200
(1,756,000)
2,225,000
•MOO.OOO
0
-1,728
-1,872
-856
-888
(943)
(258)
(982)
"(36)
(1,066)
BA
0
1,650
1,151
730
2,250
2,000
8,400
8,000
BA
0
4,895,950
, ,
4,897,114
938,601
, ,
1,162,551
4,505,792
5,905,870
4,923,445
6,403,805
-29,791
-8,529
-32,741
-59,244
URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION
ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Urban mass transportation fund..404
Contract authority
Liquidation of contract authority....
SAINT LAWRENCE SEAWAY DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development
Corporation
406
Limitation on administrative
expenses.
MATERIALS TRANSPORTATION BUREAU
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Materials transportation program.407
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
400
902
BA1
0 J
BA1
0 J
-7
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
151
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
4,866,152
930,072
4,473,051
4,864,201
0
Total Federal funds
4,867,316
1,154,022
5,873,129
6,344,561
BA
0
5,417,005
7,075,474
4,040,773
1,850,287
4,660,836
8,188,385
6,908,474
8,252,351
-6,691
-1,802
-7,761
-7,100
BA1
0 J
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
322
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1977
estimate
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION—Continued
SUMMARY—Continued
Trust funds:—Continued
902
Total trust funds
BA)
0 J
-43
BA
0
Total Department
Transportation.
4.038.971
1,848,485
4.653.075
6,900,713
8.181,285
8,245,251
BA
0
of
5.410.271
7,068,740
10.276.423
11,936,056
4.969.043
3,002,507
9.126.126
12,773,842
13.045.486
14,589,812
25.820
<107
"915
26,955
30.100
70.000
'-70,000
100.000
'-100,000
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
803
BA
27,725
7.005
0
29,525
5,554
anticipation
404
BA
Taxable municipal bond option....852
BA
0
Expenses for economic stabilization
(liquidating functions)
802
0
Presidential election campaign fund:
Permanent, indefinite
806
Miscellaneous permanent
appropriations: Permanent,
indefinite
803
Salaries and expenses
Investment
notes
in
fund
4
BA
0
33.549
23,740
540
40,201
BA
0
16
803
35.000
7,970
30.000
18
25
25
1
19
18
-476
-424
-403
0
Intragovernmental funds:
Working capital fund
'990.000
J
44,000
220
Public enterprise funds:
Liquidation of Reconstruction
Finance Corporation
803
31,000
-112
0
Total Federal funds Office of
the Secretary.
BA
0
Trust Funds
Pershing Hall memorial fund:
Permanent, indefinite
705
BA
0
7
7
851
BA
3.027
0
2,268
assistance
852
BA
0
7.545
45,648
61.860
-35
34,484
1,050,125
74,622
4
61.290
-120
52,908
7
10
7
7
766
5.623
"176
5,972
5,100
...
OFFICE OF REVENUE SHARING
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
Antirecession
fund
financial
See footnotes at end of table.
602
312.500
937.500
1,250,000
5,300
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
323
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY—Continued
OFFICE OF REVENUE SHARING—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Payments to State and local
government fiscal assistance trust
fund
851
Permanent
Total Federal funds Office of
Revenue Sharing.
Trust
BA
'4,991,085
BA
0
6,354,780
6,354,780
1,663,695
1,663,695
BA
0
6,357,807
6,357,048
1,976,961
1,664,297
1,663,695
1,663,695
M.991,085
7,598,079
7,910,752
6,854,924
6,860,024
6,860,224
Funds
State and local government
assistance trust fund
Permanent
fiscal
851
BA
BA
0
6,354,780
6,242,926
1,663,695
1,587,642
BA
12,000
3,500
0
0
9,488
2,281
BA
0
6,854,924
'4,991,085
1,663,695 .
5,150,193
3,448,625
^3,327,390
'1,663,695
FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING
CENTER
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
10,500
2,331
532
8,650
<76
"210
8,730
9,078
12,000
11,769
3,500
2,863
8,936
17,808
10,500
29,106
BA
131,725
35,350
174,000
0
130,838
33,198
144,000
^6,750
"1,669
147,599
^6,683
Special payment to recipients of
certain retirement and survivor
benefits
601
0
17,224
-937
New York City seasonal financing
fund, administrative expenses .852
BA
0
BA
315
575
19
BA
0
38,244
141,698
10,384
11,189
funds:
902
BA
0
Payment of Government losses in
shipment
803
BA
0
M 8,076
* 7,272
700
240
792
1,879
175
69
1,250
1,260
52,100
'127,106
40,000
92,195
/
127,106
7,836
7,836
500
498
1,250
1,550
Claims, judgments, and relief acts
806
Permanent, indefinite
1,000
309
99,138
Salaries and expenses
751
Construction, Federal Law
Enforcement Training Center....751
Total Federal funds Federal
Law Enforcement Training
Center.
10,200
18,906
BUREAU OF GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL
OPERATIONS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
Interest on uninvested
Permanent, indefinite
See footnotes at end of table.
803
176,000
^67
'186,400
42,000
42,000
7
186,400
7,775
7,775
497
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
324
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY—Continued
BUREAU OF GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL
OPERATIONS—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Eisenhower College grants
502 BA
0
Grants to Hoover Institution on War, BA
Revolution, and Peace
503
0
Public enterprise funds:
Check forgery insurance fund
803
0
New York City seasonal financing
fund
852
Intragovernmental funds:
Fishermen's protective fund
403
BA
Total Federal funds Bureau of
Government Financial
Operations.
BA
0
0
1,000
1,000
7,000
416
10
2,300,000
2 ..
.
2,586,883
299,009
667
375
6,209
7
10
1
1
47,035
46,355
381,211
390,063
411,425
414,300
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
806
BA
0
42
18
24
19
26
19
19
BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO AND
FIREARMS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
751
BA
109,697
27,700
114,500
"4,164
124,600
0
102,832
27,289
121,716
'12,400
123,800
'11,500
BA
328,677
84,688
383,000
0
334,089
82,338
Miscellaneous permanent
appropriations: Permanent,
indefinite
852
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
803
B
A
197,288
196,188
56.951
41,437
340,000
^•6,319
'160
"12,711
352,166
^5,950
210,000
210,000
Total Federal funds United
States Custom Service.
B
A
569,190
568,116
598,000
597,650
4,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
UNITED STATES CUSTOM SERVICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
751
Trust Funds
Refunds, transfers and expenses,
unclaimed, abandoned and seized
goods: Permanent, indefinite
803
See footnotes at end of table.
0
0
0
B
A
0
-3,343
525,965
526,934
3,828
3,536
3,243 ..
.
141,639
127,018
817
73
6
382,281
*369
215,000
215,000
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
325
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
1977
actual
1978
estimate
estimate
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY—Continued
BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND PRINTING
Federal Funds
Intragovernmental funds:
Bureau of Engraving and Printing
fund
803
BUREAU OF THE MINT
Federal Funds
BA
0
4,371
578
1,591
10,000
BA
41,230
10,308
40,000
<815
"585
41,100
0
42,235
9,381
40,850
40,200
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
803
Construction of mint facilities
803
BA
3,350
0
1,832
93
212
52
Permanent,
803
BA
0
2,518
2,367
575
3,500
3,379
3,200
3,200
Total Federal funds Bureau of
the Mint.
BA
0
47,098
46,434
10,308
10,049
44,900
44,441
44,300
43,452
BA
103,000
26,300
112,000
^4,700
<41
"1.539
176,800
0
97,493
26,387
116,127
H700
175,300
BA
45,825
11,585
46,700
^1,552
"2,080
51,105
0
43,995
10,535
48,310
^1,412
50,595
^140
BA
791,740
199,690
793,400
^28,804
"25,430
874,009
0
783,886
173,220
817,176
^25,862
872,261
^2,942
BA
853,955
215,840
836,900
^41,189
"36,620
955,525
0
854,021
200,264
871,458
^36,701
953,614
"4,488
Coinage profit
indefinite
fund:
BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Administering the public debt
803
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
Accounts, collection
service
803
and taxpayer
803
Compliance
Payment where credit
liability for tax
Permanent
803
exceeds
604
Refunding internal revenue
collections, interest: Permanent,
indefinite
902
See footnotes at end of table.
240-000 O - 77 - 22
J
BA
BA
0
BA
0
-835,000
808,425
808,425
295,135
295,135
85,773
85,773
102,090
102,090
856,000
856,000
280,000
280,000
J
835,000
835,000
-835,000
300,000
300,000
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
326
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
T
Q
1976
actual
Account and functional code
1977
estimate
actual
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT <OF THE TREASURY—Continued
INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Internal revenue collections for
Puerto Rico: Permanent, indefinite
8A
0
140,004
139,035
0
B
A
0
2,935,084
2,924,389
B
A
0
120,000
119,725
122,000
121,500
643,506
600,805
3,068,675
3,056,644
2,302,639
2,305,540
114,950
33,360
123,500
101,892
28,750
112,650
"5,380
116,705
3,548
3,548
1,267
1,267
4,000
4,000
6,000
6,000
118,498
105,440
34,627
30,017
122,030
120,705
129,500
128,000
4,239
-22,096
2,832
1,560
BA
0
37,063,211
37,063,211
8,101,561
8,101,561
42,000,000
42,000,000
44,600,000
44,600,000
BA
49,920,533
11,020,682
54,091,825
56,330,313
0
47,591,838
10,682,867
54,387,147
55,363,494
BAl
-20,000
-20,000
-20,000
-20,000
BAl
0 I
-721
-117
BA}
-1,428,842
-380,152
-1,762,512
-1,887,691
28,528
28,907
852
Public enterprise funds:
Federal tax lien revolving fund
Total Federal funds
Revenue Service.
803
Internal
-108
16 .
UNITED STATES SECRET SERVICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
751
Contribution for annuity benefits:
Permanent, indefinite
751
Total Federal funds United
States Secret Service.
B
A
0
B
A
0
122,000
COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY
Trust
Funds
Assessment funds
403
0
INTEREST ON THE PUBLIC DEBT
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Interest on the public
Permanent, indefinite
debt:
901
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
155
803
902
0I
0 I
Receipts from off-budget Federal
agencies
902
BAl
0 J
-908,934
-354,307
-2,054,162
-2,772,397
Proprietary
public
BAl
0J
BAl
0J
BAl
0J
-2,912
624
-2,500
-2,500
-223,852
-48,236
-211,967
-208,323
-173,142
-20,036
-82,718
-56,645
receipts
from
the
050
150
800
See footnotes at end of table.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
327
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollam)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
TQ
1977
actual
actual
estimate
1978
estimate
DEPARTMENT O F THE T R E A S U R Y — C o n t i n u e d
SUMMARY—Continued
Federal funds:—Continued
902
-31,576
-196,780
-212,429
BA
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
-201,673
46,960,457
10,166,882
49,761,186
51,170,328
0
Total Federal funds
BA1
0 J
44,631,762
9,829,067
50,056,508
50,203,509
BA
of
6,858,950
6,782,883
6,819,474
BA1
-187,460
-32,617
-165,000
-185,000
0 I
BA1 -6,359,560
0 I
-1,663,695
-6,654,780
-6,854,924
BA
46,772,094
10,135,086
49,600,212
50,989,354
0
Department
6,658,806
1,566,333
851
Total
1,664,516
6,250,726
803
Interfund transactions
6,358,657
0
44,335,468
9,699,088
50,019,611
49,983,059
the
Treasury.
ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operating expenses:
(Atomic energy defense activities)
BA
1,411,542
384,046
1,549,656
"1,809,100
0
1,297,938
370,560
1,505,541
1,731,300
BA
271,257
67,390
298,957
"326,207
251
0
256,680
72,184
286,168
314,744
305
BA
1,871,052
618,185
2,822,900
"55,800
"3,304,621
0
1,416,168
421,528
2,425,940
"41,800
'-39,290
2,962,736
"14,000
'-117,000
BA
3,553,851
1,069,621
4,727,313
5,575,638
0
2,970,786
864,272
4,220,159
4,905,780
053
(General
science
and
basic
research)
(Energy)
'135,710
Total, Operating expenses
Special foreign currency program.305
BA
6,650
0
Plant and capital equipment:
(Atomic energy defense activities)
053
(General
science
and
basic
"1,500
2
BA
0
270,296
267,177
75,270
64,533
1,900
2,700
385,051
323,818
"571,050
430,228
"103,120
48.553
8,401
72,644
0
42,051
12,043
52,420
73,441
305
(Energy)
BA
251
research)
BA
635,748
110,345
1,174,260
"1,559,079
1,039,251
0
Total,
Plant
and
equipment.
Geothermal
fund
479,020
110,333
772,497
BA
954,597
194,016
1,631,955
2,233,249
0
capital
788,248
186,909
1,148,735
1,542,920
30.000
4,400
"30,000
6,600
resources development
305
BA
0
Total Federal funds Energy
Research and Development
Administration.
BA
0
4,515,098
3,759,034
1,263,637
1,051,183
6,389,268
5,375,194
7,840,387
6,458,000
BA
0
358
349
85
127
290
290
270
270
Advances for
Permanent
Trust Funds
cooperative work:
See footnotes at end of table.
305
THE
328
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION—Continued
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
300
Total Federal funds
4,515,098
3,759,034
BA1
1,263,637
1,051,183
6,389,268
5,375,194
7,840,387
6,458,000
-14
0 J
BA
Deductions for offsetting receipts-.
Proprietary receipts from the
public
305
1,263,623
6,389,268
7,840,387
3,759,034
1,051,169
5,375,194
6,458,000
BA
0
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
4,515,098
0
358
349
85
127
290
290
270
270
BA1
0 J
-358
-85
-290
-270
6,389,268
5,375,194
7,840,387
6,458,000
Total trust funds
0
Total Energy Research and
Development Administration.
BA
0
-9
42
4,515,098
3,759,025
1,263,623
1,051,211
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Agency and regional management
304
(Energy)
Total, Research
development.
Abatement and control
305
and
304
BA
0
BA
0
BA
0
BA
Liquidation of contract authority....
Enforcement
304
Buildings and facilities
304
Construction grants
304
0
BA
0
BA
0
BA
Liquidation of contract authority....
0
Scientific activities overseas (Special
foreign currency program)
304
Operations, research, and facilities
304
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
0
71,583
16,414
65,498
Research and development:
(Pollution control and abatement)
304
B
A
16,193
164,871
170,196
100,550
65,687
265,421
235,883
375,283
42,846
43,585
21,000
24,749
63,846
68,334
93,333
(65,000)
311,672
52,263
51,264
2,969
554
(19,000)
85,291
13,823
12,820
500
400
(800,000)
2,428,569
(800,000)
919,463
(3,800,000)
4,380,000
'50,000
4,000
3,726
20,803
670
1,128
4,746
5,000
4,000
20,000
70,890
"1,985
*15
73,000
163,069
188,000
96,427
106,000
259,496
294,000
380,388
"3,822
'178
(49,182) .
414,000
56,331
57,000
2,100
3,000
680,000
'400,000
71,860
76,000
"164,860
167,000
"96,427
101,000
261,287
268,000
"394,698
414,000
"68,748
73,000
1,142
2,500
'4,500,000
(5,000,000)
4,870,000
'100,000
'190,000
5,000
4,500
8,000
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
329
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
Public enterprise funds:
Revolving fund for certification and
other services
304
0
-214
-25
-40
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
304
Trust
161
44
BA
0
771,519
3,117,916
188,586
1,108,394
1,860,205
5,295,013
5,302,735
6,006,000
BA
0
13
15
1
20
28
BA
0
Total Federal funds
Environmental Protection
Agency.
0
771,519
3,117,916
188,586
1,108,394
1,860,205
5,295,013
5,302,735
6,006,000
BA1
0 J
-164
-34
-167
-167
BA1
0 J
-8
-1
771,347
3,117,744
188,551
1,108,359
1,860,038
5,294,846
5,302,568
6,005,833
1
20
28
53 .
Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
304
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
.
304
902
Total Federal funds
BA
0
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts-.
Proprietary receipts from the
public
304
BA1
0 J
Total trust funds
0
Total Environmental Protection
Agency.
BA
0
13 .
15
-13
2
1
20
28
771,347
3,117,746
188,551
1,108,360
1,860,038
5,294,866
5,302,568
6,005,861
GENERAL !SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
REAL PROPERTY ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Real property miscellaneous
accounts:
(Federal judicial activities)
752
(General property
management)
1,972
6,075
2,069
3,009
7,191
and records
804
27
2,096
4,981
BA
6,180
1,510
7,935
0
5,789
685
772
1,433
260
229
6,205
"237
6,442
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
-104,718
-7,285
10,801
17,300
0
0
Total, Real property
miscellaneous accounts.
Disposal of surplus real and related
personal property, operating
expenses
804
Expenses, disposal of surplus real
and related personal property:
Permanent, indefinite
804
BA
0
1,116
Intragovernmental funds:
Federal buildings fund
See footnotes at end of table.
804
..
7,935
33Q
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION—Continued
REAL PROPERTY ACTIVITIES—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
Intragovernmental funds:—Continued
Construction services fund
804
Consolidated working fund, real
property activities
804
Total Federal funds Real
Property Activities.
0
0
-8,320
-726
-5,791
-553
137
-6,120
-3,318
3,000
BA
0
6J65
-100,012
U70
-9,871
M42
17,241
6\935
25,917
BA
165,305
41,661
160,430
0
163,157
40,146
152,404
c
1,051
"3,820
157,189
BA
0
0
40,000
-87,538
-98
-5,842
-179
-19,997
145
BA
0
205,305
75,521
41,661
34,125
157,275
137,337
160,430
160,174
BA
60,155
15,369
64,219
"450
"1,600
67,134
0
58,390
14,857
65,787
"450
67,166
1,470
1,471
68,604
68,637
PERSONAL PROPERTY ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Federal Supply Service, operating
expenses
804
160,344
Intragovernmental funds:
General supply fund
804
Working capital fund
804
Total Federal funds Personal
Property Activities.
-170
RECORDS ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
National Archives and Records
Service, operating expenses 804
Records declassification
804
BA
1,394
352
0
BA
0
1,283
61,549
59,673
330
15,721
15,187
1,410
"60
1,469
67,739
67,706
National archives gift fund: Permanent
804
BA
0
200
427
42
-163
125
150
125
150
National archives trust fund
Total trust funds
Activities.
0
BA
0
-479
200
-52
-149
42
-312
-100
125
50
-100
125
50
BA
7,390
1,841
8,217
0
7,251
1,652
7,475
"356
8,019
Total Federal funds Records
Activities.
Trust Funds
804
Records
AUTOMATED DATA AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Automated Data and
Telecommunications Service,
operating expenses
804
8,203
Intragovernmental funds:
Federal telecommunications fund.804
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
-10,900
9,277
"25,000
-9,406
"13,000
-2,941
331
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION—Continued
AUTOMATED DATA AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
ACTIVITIES—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
Intragovernmental funds:—Continued
Automatic data processing fund ..804
Total Federal funds Automated
Data and
Telecommunications
Activities.
0
-1,438
-233
6,787
6,159
BA
0
7,390
-5,087
1,841
10,696
32,831
18,400
8,217
11,421
PROPERTY MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL
ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Rare silver dollar program:
(Defense-related activities)
054
0
648
125
318
records
804
0
85
17
2,197
237
0
733
142
2,515
237
0
18
27,865
Emergency health activities,
consolidated working fund
054
0
2
Total Federal funds Property
Management and Disposal
activities.
0
753
28,007
2,627
237
BA
15,976
4,024
226,510
0
0
14,735
228
3,587
16,296
<472
"552
16,209
309
(General property
management)
Total, Rare
program.
and
silver
dollar
Strategic and critical materials....054
Intragovernmental funds:
112
PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Federal Preparedness Agency,
salaries and expenses
054
Defense mobilization
Federal agencies
functions of
054
222,963
12,390
12,390
Expenses, Defense Production Act
054
BA
0
State and local preparedness
054
0
59
39
loan
054
0
-21
-7
17
1
Public enterprise funds:
Defense Production Act,
guarantee activities
-100
William Langer Jewel bearing plant
revolving fund
054
Total Federal funds
Preparedness Activities.
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
15,976
15,001
4,024
3,519
-70
17,320
16,635
238,900
235,283
332
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
T
Q
1976
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
actual
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION—Continued
GENERAL ACTIVITIES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
General management and agency
operations, salaries and expenses
B
A
9,464
1,653
0
9,379
1,510
B
A
0
B
A
1,100
804
Federal management policy, salaries
and expenses
804
Indian trust accounting
806
Allowances and office
former Presidents
staff
for
802
0
B
A
904
275
8
2,675
675
2,878
585
68
275
13,535
8,436
'675
"425
8,547
'645
13,256
'30
7
2,702
"112
2,725
2,818
280
*667
2,802
'107
0
256
64
"3
283
667
'107
Expenses, presidential transition..802
B
A
0
3,000
3,000
9
79,425
14,434
72,261
"2,954
71,755
264
1,073
1,159
224
"20
985
1,113
166
1 000
1,357
Administrative and staff support
services, salaries and expenses
BA
55,385
14,857
804
0
B
A
55,217
1,054
Consumer information center
403
0
Refunds under
Indefinite
Renegotiation Act902
Office of Administrator, salaries and
expenses
804
Public enterprise funds:
Virgin Islands Corporation liquidation
fund
804
Intragovernmental funds:
Administrative operations fund
Total Federal
activities.
funds
1,030
BA
1 000
0
0
0
22
17
-890
78,768
487
26
-203
-751
-807
0
B
A
0
268
6
3
70,953
69,090
17,792
16,794
93,048
88,633
97,604
96,372
B
A
0
804
General
368,038
114,939
82,809
98,457
375,655
348,579
582,690
598,041
-2,026
-349
.
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
054
BA1
0 J
902
receipts
from
-1,813
the
054
BAl
-159,519
-63,451
-124,000
-290,225
800
Proprietary
public
BAl
0 J
BAl
0 J
-42,671
-30,882
-49,000
-45,000
0 J
U J
See footnotes at end of table.
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
333
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION—Continued
SUMMARY-Continued
Federal funds:—Continued
902
BA1
0I
-998
-260
BA
0
Total General Services
Administration.
-12,133
3,515
202,655
175,579
247,465
262,816
200
-52
BA
0
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
161.011
-92,088
BA
0
Total Federal funds..
-92,140
42
-312
-12,091
3,203
125
50
202,780
175,629
125
50
247,590
262,866
161.211
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
(Space science, applications, and
technology)
254
BA
0
and
Construction of facilities:
(Space flight)
BA
0
253
406.500
422,583
184.900
188,348
65,400
72,239
43,800
47,520
700,600
730,690
47,220
66,476
13,324
(Supporting space activities) ...255
ooo
1.560.574
1,583,345
693.156
713,940
248.300
273,162
175.350
178,362
2,677,380
2,748,809
(Air transportation)
405
ooo
(Space science, applications, and
technolgoy)
254
ooo
Total, Research
development.
405
oao
(Air transportation)
ooo
(Supporting space activities) ...255
ooo
253
ooo
Research and development:
(Space flight)
Total, Construction of facilities.
BA
0
11,103
30,275
35,058
4,635
8,280
82,130
120,917
Research and program management:
(Space flight)
253
BA
348,840
99,833
0
BA
350,384
250,820
88,725
70,094
0
BA
255,258
47,737
61,102
12,055
0
47,540
11,239
(Space science, applications, and
technology)
254
(Supporting space activities) ...255
See footnotes at end of table.
2,019
10,750
9,035
1,407
10,750
25,785
1,641.700
1,616,900
666,525
680,000
263,100
263,000
190,100
177,000
"1,753.500
1,741,100
"736,700
688,500
"289,800
281,400
"231,000
212,300
2,761,425
3.011.000
2,736,900
2,923,300
30,695
60,600
8,800
6,500
43,645
39,000
34,950
19,000
118,090
125,100
"65,740
52,200
"9,510
8,100
"48,150
46,900
"38.400
25,300
161,800
132,500
353,300
"13,560
366,940
263,500
"10,670
273,630
48,200
"1,810
49,810
"362,359
362,549
"277,650
277,550
"53,010
52,910
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
334
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Research and program management:
—Continued.
(Air transportation)
405
BA
0
Total Federal funds National
Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds-. Permanent,
indefinite
255
BA
BA
0
OOO
Total, Research and program
management.
BA
0
144,915
38,813
148,000
"5,737
*153,970
146,114
792,312
799,296
3,551,822
3,669,022
33,887
220,795
194,953
932,145
951,428
153,370
844,777
843,750
3,724,292
3,705,750
153,980
846,989
846,989
4,019,789
3,902,789
15
1,925
1,840
3,551,822
932,145
3,724,292
4,019,789
3,669,022
951,428
3,705,750
3,902,789
-1,516
-310
-1,500
-1,600
BA
0
3.550,306
3,667,506
931,835
3,722,792
4,018,189
951,118
3,704,250
3,901,189
BA
0
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
1,126
3,123
1,126
15
3,123
1,925
BA1
-1,126
-15
1,997
3,550,306
3,669,503
931,835
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from ths
public
250
Total Federal funds
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
255
BA1
0 J
Total trust funds
0 I
0
Total National Aeronautics and
Space Administration.
BA
0
1,910
953,028
1,840
1,840
3,722,792
3,706,090
4,018,189
3,901,189
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Compensation and pensions:
(Veterans service-connected
compensation)
701
1,321,144
B
A
2,884,041
736,652
718,897
B
A
BA
166,069
49,275
0
See footnotes at end of table.
1,353,773
5,154,419
2,859,261
(Other veterans income security
programs)
701
5,199,090
0
(Veterans non-service-connected
pension)
701
BA
164,643
48,087
5,437,196
'288,095
5,469,389
^264,008
2,781,315
'298,968
2,797,320
^273,971
175,539
^ 1,387
177,041
^1,271
5,748,519
5,712,893
^24,128
3,179,432
3,160,145
^24,956
188,849
'-79.500
187,262
M16
'-79,500
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
335
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
T
Q
1977
estimate
actual
1978
estimate
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Compensation and pensions:—Con.
B
A
8,249,200
2,139,700
8,394,050
'588,450
0
8,178,323
2,088,128
8,443,750
^539,250
B
A
6,014,475
1,159,472
4,572,350
^-588,450
0
Total, compensation and pensions
5,526,562
782,938
4,129,907
'-525,078
3,829,215
'-471,221
701
Readjustment benefits
702
9,116,800
'-79,500
9,060,300
<M9,200
'-79,500
3,245,225
701
Medical care
703
Research in health care
703
Medical administration and
miscellaneous operating expenses
703
General operating expenses.
705
B
A
0
B
A
6,600
6,146
2,450
1,737
7,000
7,726
2,465
3,151
3,854,456
1,015,070
3,694,959
953,611
4 218 032
^34,967
'35,000
"117,583
'-19,200
4,348,101
^34,967
•'-19,200
4,735,926
0
Veterans insurance and indemnities
B
A
97,309
25,527
0
B
A
0
93,559
38,528
35,655
B
A
483,300
'-158,144
4,724,078
'-158,144
108,000
23,889
101,633
"3,436
104,867
10,230
9,758
39,941
39,941
42,238
42,238
121,230
508,383
557,423
108,000
'3,400
'500
"17,000
523,454
^2,900
'-367
555,923
^500
'-367
15,860
31,848
405,681
184,110
430,489
241,000
106,426
16,490
95,606
0
43,101
10,544
92,001
"790
110,744
B
A
10,000 .
0
Construction of hospital
domiciliary facilities
and
703
Construction, major projects
703
Construction, minor projects
703
Grants for construction of State
extended care facilities
703
475,699
114,213
0
5,832
493
297,464
138,705
B
A
0
B
A
10,000
0
Grants to the
Philippines
Republic
of the
703
Grants for construction and
operation of State cemeteries ..705
Assistance for health
training institutions
See footnotes at end of table.
manpower
703
9,313
2,065
8,154
B
A
0
B
A
0
B
A
0
2,100
1,796
525
468
2,100
2,162
109,000
10,000
'5,000
11,407
'2,500
2,100
2,100
'4,750
'3,750
30,000
22,680
8,332
5,899
35,000
36,820
48,000
52,391
336
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
Public enterprise funds:
Loan guaranty revolving fund
704
0
Direct loan revolving fund
704
0
Canteen service revolving fund ....705
Service-disabled veterans insurance
fund
701
0
0
-21,794
-43,027
-48
999
Veterans reopened insurance fund
701
0
-34,372
Education loan fund
0
4,950
702
Vocational rehabilitation revolving
fund
702
Intragovernmental funds:
Supply fund: Indefinite
705
Liquidation of contract authority....
BA
0
BA
100
-90
-31,892
-16,257
-454
-32,000
-231,000
-1,650
85,000
-57,000
850
3,363
-310
-956
-2,586
-27,315
700
13,583
12,932
M2.914
50
20
20
-25,872
20,000
29,001
0
(80,999)
74,521
0
-738
-12,096
268
9,400
705
Total Federal funds Veterans
Administration.
BA
19,218,959
4,514,886
18,579,647
17,660,933
0
18,212,731
3,963,014
18,228,235
18,101,900
4,808
4,519
851,629
633,013
37,687
71,297
1,195
1,078
155,471
136,240
1,454
12,155
5,940
60
5,100
5,000
926,949
629,926
37,132
65,903
30,792
459
5,350
5,250
993,169
689,560
37,983
69,633
-44,994
-4,854
-50,975
-51,460
894,124
663,835
158,120
975,121
1,067,294
144,619
649,914
713,442
4,514,886
3,963,014
-1,400
18,579,647
18,228,235
-2,206
17,660,933
18,101,900
-2,206
Consolidated working fund
Trust Funds
Post-Vietnam era veterans' education
account: Permanent, indefinite 702
General post fund, National Homes:
Permanent, indefinite
705
National service life insurance fund:
Permanent
701
United States Government life
insurance fund: Permanent,
indefinite
701
BA
0
BA
0
BA
0
BA
0
Veterans special life insurance fund
701
Total trust funds
Administration.
Veterans
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
700
902
Total Federal funds
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
701
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
19,218,959
18,212,731
-1,527
BAl
01
-22
BAl
0 I
19,217,410
BA
0 18,211,182
-1
ib'bbb
500
-21
-21
4,513,485
3,961,613
18,577,420
18,226,008
17,658,706
18,099,673
BA
0
894,124
663,835
158,120
144,619
975,121
649,914
1,067,294
713,442
BAl
O1
-458,042
-148,249
-497,954
-521,233
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION—Continued
SUMMARY—Continued
Trust funds:—Continued
702
BA1
0 I
Total trust funds
BA
436,082
0
205,793
Interfund transactions
701 BA1
-2,140
0 J
702
BA1
0 I
Total Veterans Administration....
BA 19,651,352
0
18,414,835
-5,940
9,871
-3,630
-521
-30,690
471,227
146,020
-2,036
515,371
161,519
-1,934
-102
4,522,835
3,957,462
19,046,611
18,369,992
18,172,041
18,259,156
80,000
"667
86,685
108,200
/J
910
110,469
"68,000
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
ACTION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Operating expenses, international
BA
programs (Peace Corps)
151
0
Operating expenses, domestic
BA
programs
451
0
81,266
24,190
69,138
103,110
23,062
21,077
107,823
24,847
71,169
95,390
96,652
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
151
BA
322
57
235
195
0
m
50
235
195
45,267
47,909
189,777
197,154
163,390
167,821
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the BA1
public
150 0 J
Total Federal funds
BA
0
184,376
176,961
75
184,451
177,036
-72
45,195
47,837
-34
189,743
197,120
-34
163,356
167,787
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the BA1
public
151 0 I
Total trust funds
Total ACTION
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
BA
0
322
241
57
50
235
235
195
195
-266
-46
-160
-120
56
-25
184,507
177,011
11
4
45,206
47,841
75
75
189,818
197,195
75
75
163,431
167,862
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
TQ
1977
actual
actual
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
ADMINISTRATIVE CONFERENCE OF THE UNITED
STATES
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
751 BA
0
785
696
196
219
880
865
914
899
135
67
34
22
215
204
220
218
650
"320
"29
648
^300
1,230
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON FEDERAL PAY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
805
BA
0
ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC
PRESERVATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
303
BA
0
1,180
*2Q
AMERICAN BATTLE MONUMENTS COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
705
BA
0
5,374
4,971
1,450
1,309
BA
0
18
-73
195
275
BA
0
5,374
4,971
1,450
1,309
5,824
5,776
6,463
6,380
Trust Funds
Contributions:
Permanent,
indefinite
705
25
32
25
25
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
700
Total Federal funds
BA1
0 J
BA
0
-4
5,370
4,967
5,824
5,776
-I
1,449
1,308
-5
5,819
5,771
6,463
6,380
-4
6,459
6,376
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Total
American
BA
0
Battle
18
-73
195
275
25
32
25
25
BA
5^88
1^44
5J44
M84
0
Monuments Commission.
4,894
1,583
5,803
6,401
12,000
"13,255
ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Arms
control
and disarmament
activities
BA
0
See footnotes at end of table.
11,680
3,030
152
10,704
2,642
w
200
11,880
12,595
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
339
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
i
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
BOARD FOR INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Grants and expenses
153
BA
0
64,500
59,340
53,385
55,242
"58,730
58,738
28,300
28,300
17,968
21,265
35,100
35,100
23,367
CABINET COMMITTEE ON OPPORTUNITIES FOR
SPANISH-SPEAKING PEOPLE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
506
0
11 ....
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Payment to the Central Intelligence
Agency retirement and disability
fund
.054
BA
0
CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
BA
19,855
4,940
0
405
Payments to air carriers
405
Contract authority, Permanent
Liquidation of contract authority....
19,725
4,729
21,450
"950
22,281
BA
BA
60,695
3,578
11,573
6,096
(3,578)
17,479
73,911
2,934
(6,096)
76,780
69,576
71,343
Salaries and expenses
84,128
91,068
22,609
22,208
99,245
99,061
92,943
92,738
-120
-13
-126
-131
23,248
(2,934)
69,490
Summary
Federal funds:
BA
0
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
400
902
Total Civil Aeronautics Board....
BAl
0 J
BAl
0 J
BA "
0
-8
-1
-3
84,000
90.940
22,595
22,194
99,116
98,932
92,812
92,607
B
A
97,533
24,705
110,930
102,612
25,877
(20,627)
(5,889)
102,328
'1,207
"3,992
106,163
'1,207
(24,365)
"(962)
347,969
345,873
98,844
98,844
451,844
451,844
506,467
506,467
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
805
0
Limitation
funds.
payable
under trust
Government payment for annuitants,
employees health benefits
551
See footnotes at end of table.
B
A
0
110,793
(30,065)
T H E
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Payment to civil service retirement
BA
and disability fund
805
Permanent, indefinite
BA
0
Federal Labor Relations
Salaries and expenses
Council:
805
BA
0
Intergovernmental personnel
assistance
Intragovernmental funds:
Revolving fund
806
BA
0
805
0
Trust Funds
Civil service retirement and disability
fund
602
Permanent, indefinite
1,517,865
245
2,874,955
^232,643
4,179,627
4,750,491
245
7,054,582
'232,643
6,921,479
1,298
330
1,565
"72
1,787
1,629
1,787
3,232,626
1,223
299
BA
5,184,409
15,000
15,220
4,000
3,602
15,000
15,300
6,748
3,103
-1,687
598
-1,757
BA
0
1,737,070
"232,643
13,098,641
1,479,663
16,239,695
16,482,000
8,284,109
2,265,108
9,770,450
11,177,979
Employees health benefits fund
551
0
-30,929
-9,823
-16,590
-30,051
Employees life insurance fund
602
0
-401,601
-29,437
-443,998
-425,054
0
5,366
1,642
5,662
6,081
5,212,291
5,218,522
128,124
127,180
7,863,233
7,863,966
7,540,663
7,545,517
BA1
0 J
-1,046
-4
-196
-196
BA1
0 J
-4
-4
-4
Retired employees health benefits fund
551
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
800
902
Total Federal funds
BA
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
5,211,241
128,120
7,863,033
7,540,463
0
5,217,472
127,176
7,863,766
7,545,317
13,098,641
1,479,663
16,472,338
16,482,000
7,856,945
2,227,490
9,315,524
10,728,955
-3,485
-1,434
-10,060
-100
13,095,156
1,478,229
16,462,278
16,481,900
7,853,460
2,226,056
9,305,464
10,728,855
-45,500
-49,100
-245
-7,287,225
-6,921,479
13,555,906
1,606,104
16,992,586
17,051,784
8,320,441
2,352,987
9,836,505
11,303,593
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts-.
Intrafund transactions
602
Total trust funds
BA1
0 J
BA
0
Interfund transactions
602
BA1
0J
805
BA1 -4,750,491
0 J
Total Civil Service Commission..
BA
0
See footnotes at end of table.
341
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
T
Q
iictual
Account and functional code
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
COMMISSION OF FINE ARTS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
451
BA
202
47
214
234
0
184
60
111
234
BA
8.047
2,171
0
7,863
1,873
COMMISSION ON CIVIL RIGHTS
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
751
9,450
"328
"300
9,883
"325
*10,540
10,450
W
3
COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM THE BLIND
AND OTHER SEVERELY HANDICAPPED
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
505
BA
261
245
64
57
316
315
344
344
BA
11,483
2,902
13,096
0
10,817
3,066
12,615
"470
14,004
BA
520,152
129,746
398,000
0
462,304
123,727
511,170
"883
528,000
0
2,016
81
2,000
2,000
520,152
464,320
129,746
123,808
512,053
530,000
398,000
450,000
520,152
464,320
129,746
123,808
512,053
530,000
398.000
450,000
BA1
0 J
-42
-2
-10
-10
902 BAl
0J
-377
-20
-390
-390
519,733
463,901
129,724
123,786
511,653
529,600
397,600
449,600
0
COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Commodity Futures
Commission
Trading
403
13,045
COMMUNITY SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Community services program:
(Community development)
451
(Training and employment)
504
Total, Community
program.
Trust
services
Funds
Gifts and contributions
451
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Total Federal funds
240-000 O - 77 - 23
0
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
450
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
448,000
BA
0
-18
...
342
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
COMMUNITY SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
—Continued
Summary—Continued
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Total Community Services
Administration.
0
BA
0
-18
519,733
463,883
129,724
123,786
511,653
529,600
397,600
449,600
39,564
9,955
40,152
38,361
10,191
39,000
"934
45,920
39,564
38,361
9,955
10,191
39,934
45,920
40,152
39,011
-10
-2
-12
-12
39,554
38,351
9,953
10,189
39,922
45,908
40,140
38,999
BA
BA
0
78,500
17,500
103,000
7o!ood
"26\000
103^000
BA
254,637
67,560
"318,116
0
231,800
90,396
BA
0
210,000
115,000
80,000
262,504
^20,203
262,504
^20,203
101,292
175,400
BA
0
15,000
15,000
832
832
40,000
40,000
832
832
BA
0
832
832
40,000
40,000
BA
0
505,469
387,632
82,560
185,396
424,831
498,939
478,948
494,048
-12,286
-14,723
-17,979
CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
553 BA
39,011
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
B
A
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts-.
Proprietary receipts from the
public
550
Total Consumer Product Safety
Commission.
BA1
0 J
BA
0
CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Public broadcasting fund
Permanent
503
107,150
107,150
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Federal payment
Columbia
to District
Loans for capital outlay
of
852
451
Loans to stadium sinking fund: 451
Authority to spend public debt
receipts, Permanent.
Repayable advances to the District
of Columbia general fund:
Permanent, indefinite
852
318,116
"160,000
175,100
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
g
p
Pi
i
Proprietary receipts f
from the
public
450
See footnotes at end of table.
BA]
J
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—Continued
Summary—Continued
Federal funds:—Continued
852
BA1
-40,000
-77,750
-20,000
0 J
Total District of Columbia
BA
465,469
70,274
332,358
440,969
0
347,632
173,110
406,466
456,069
0
-6,957
-3,872
-5,715
-3,636
EMERGENCY LOAN GUARANTEE BOARD
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Emergency loan guarantee fund...4O3
ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AUTHORITY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Adjustment for net earnings or
losses, Energy Independence
Authority
305
-/42v000
•/42,000
BA
0
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
751
BA
63,659
18,690
67,850
"2,663
74,500
0
59,068
16,209
68,420
71,865
BA
0
63,659
59,068
18,690
16,209
70,513
68,420
74,500
71,865
-17
-5
-16
-16
63,734
59,143
18,685
16,204
70,497
68,404
74,484
71,849
727,597
855,672
(5,619,945)
383,532
272,882
(1,436,813)
1,273,531
898,563
(6,334,443)
1,622,370
964,420
(5,458,207)
(11,416)
(3,053)
(12,081)
(12,695)
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
804
BA1
92
0J
Proprietary
public
receipts
from
the
750
Total Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission.
BA1
0 J
BA
0
EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Export-Import Bank of the United
States:
155
Authority to spend public debt
receipts, Permanent.
Limitation on administrative
expenses.
Limitation on program activity
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
344
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
1977
estimate
TQ
actual
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Revolving fund for administrative
expenses
351
Limitation on administrative
expenses.
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
350
0
-250
-73
(1,001)
0
1,001
(-250)
(-73)
1,001
-250
-73
.
-2
-2
-2
-75
-2
-2
59,826
12,764
54,696
"2,215
57,312
50,938
52,502
12,746
12,764
56,911
57,312
59,826
60,111
-15
-8
-10
-1C
50,923
52,487
12,738
12,756
56,901
57,302
59,816
60,101
-478,330
133,280
-861,136
-379,002
B
A
5,000
1,250
"6,833
0
3,680
1,343
6,000
"180
6,820
B
A
153,077
32,283
150,385
^72,739
258,463
0
135,792
35,522
B
A
313,375
600
-2
BA
0
-2
999
-250
50,938
12,746
52,502
Total Farm Credit
Administration.
BA1
0 J
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
403
BA
60,111
0
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
400
Total Federal Communications
Commission.
BA1
0 J
BA
0
FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION
Trust
Funds
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
* 401
0
FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
806
6,798
FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
Strategic petroleum
Indefinite
305
reserve-.
305
0
See footnotes at end of table.
3,000
"4,272
192,717
^43,968
47,344
"148
273,142
239,916
^28,771
1,543,869
926,702
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
345
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRATION—Con.
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Payments to the U. S. Virgin Islands
and Puerto Rico: Permanent 852
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
305
902
4,802
4,802
BA
0
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
471,254
140,594
32,883
38,522
274,904
509,827
1,802,332
1,195,389
7
-5
-19
-24
BA1
0 J
BA1
-65,111
0 J
Total Federal Energy
Administration.
BA
0
471,261
140,601
-32,233
-26,594
274,885
509,808
1,802,308
1,195,365
FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK BOARD
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Interest adjustment payments
401
0
2,284
488
1,401
830
Federal Home Loan Bank Board
revolving fund
401
Limitation on administrative
expenses.
Limitation on nonadministrative
expenses.
0
286,620
-43,439
-1,111,720
-23,441
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance
Corporation fund
401
Limitation on administrative
expenses.
0
Total Federal Home Loan Bank
Board.
0
Public enterprise funds:
(13,778)
(3,374)
(20,237)
(5,064)
-367,757
(582)
-135,216
(272)
(17,100)
"(100)
(24,520)
"(900)
-310,085
(875)
(17,050)
(26,650)
-400,832
(870)
-78,853
-178,167
-1,420,404
-423,443
BA
8,040
2,035
8,300
"340
8,901
0
7,815
1,897
8,570
8,850
BA
0
8,040
7,815
2,035
1,897
8,640
8,570
8,901
8,850
-31
-4
-40
-40
8,009
7,784
2,031
1,893
8,600
8,530
8,861
8,810
FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
406
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
400
BA1
0 J
Total Federal Maritime
Commission.
BA
0
See footnotes at end of table.
THE B U D G E T FOR
346
FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
TQ
1978
actual
actual
1977
estimate
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
FEDERAL MEDIATION AND CONCILIATION
SERVICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
505
BA
18,332
4,626
20,328
"849
21,932
0
17,909
4,336
20,489
21,799
18,332
17,909
4,626
4,336
21,177
20,489
21,932
21,799
-1
-1
4^626
4,336
21,176
20,488
21,931
21,798
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
BA1
public
500
0 J
Total Federal Mediation and
BA
Conciliation Service.
0
FEDERAL METAL AND NONMETALLIC MINE
SAFETY BOARD OF REVIEW
Federal Funds
-1
18,331
17,908
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
553
0
5
FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses: Indefinite.305
BA
36,560
8,888
41,582
<43
"1,547
42,785
0
35,635
107
85
85
36,667
35,719
8,888
8,649
43,257
43,018
42,870
42,942
-15
-10
-15
-15
36,652
35,704
8^878
8,639
43,242
43,003
42,855
42,927
BA
47,199
12,543
52,700
"1,980
*59,543
43,960
11,140
54,330
58,059
BA
47,199
12,543
54,680
59,543
0
Total Federal Power
Commission.
42,857
85
85
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
300
42,933
107
84
BA
0
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
8,542
BA
0
BA
0
Payments to States under Federal
Power Act: Permanent, indefinite
852
43,960
11,140
54,330
58,059
BA1
0 J
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
403
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
See footnotes at end of table.
347
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION—Continued
Summary—Continued
Federal funds:—Continued
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
BA}
Proprietary receipts from the
0
public
400
-231
-22
-37
-37
46,968
43,729
12,521
11,118
54,643
54,293
59,506
58,022
BA
1,400
375
1,265
286
0
34
143
650
'75
"17
789
'67
400
929
0
Total Federal Trade Commission
1,400
1,299
375
429
742
1,256
929
928
BA
0
FOREIGN CLAIMS SETTLEMENT COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
152
Payment of Vietnam prisoner of war
claims
152
Total Foreign Claims Settlement
Commission.
BA
0
795
'8
125
HISTORICAL AND MEMORIAL COMMISSIONS
Harry S Truman Scholarship Foundation
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Payment to the Harry S Truman
memorial scholarship trust fund
502
Trust Funds
Harry S Truman memorial scholarship
trust fund
502
BA
0
0
20,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
-10,566
467
-21,957
-1,716
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
20,000
20,000 ..
.
10,000
10,000
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
0
Total Harry S Truman
Scholarship Foundation.
BA
0
-10,566
10,000
-566
467
467
-21,957
20,000
-1,957
9,462
18,315
18,149
13,192
1,743
3,490
7,996
9,922
65
3,240
4,364
13,496
American Revolution Bicentennial
Administration
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses: Indefinite.806
BA
0
Commemorative activities
Permanent, indefinite
fund:
806
BA
0
806
BA
0
Trust
Funds
Gifts and donations: Permanent
See footnotes at end of table.
6
3
7
-1,716
-1,716
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
348
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1977
estimate
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
HISTORICAL AND MEMORIAL COMMISSIONS
—Continued
American Revolution Bicentennial
Administration—Continued
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
BA1
Proprietary receipts from the
0 J
public
800
4,429
16,736
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
Total American Revolution
Bicentennial Administration.
-18,161
9,739
13,412
-7,999
-4,564
BA
0
Total Federal funds
9,450
13,346
1,740
5,413
-135
12,172
BA
0
BA
0
6
3
9,456
13,349
7 ..
..
1,740
5,420
-135
12,172
Other Historical and Memorial Agencies
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
BA
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial
0
Commission: Salaries and
expenses
806
Miscellaneous appropriations
27,611
31,507
29
36
1
4
806
0
7
Trust Funds
Civil War Centennial Commission:
Donations
806
0
30
28
1
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Total Other Historical
Memorial Agencies.
and
0
BA
0
Total Federal funds Historical
and Memorial Commissions.
BA
0
Total trust funds Historical and
Memorial Commissions.
BA
0
INDIAN CLAIMS COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
752
BA
See footnotes at end of table.
6
3
29
43
30
28
6
3
1,746
5,416
1
29
44
19,894
32,215
30
28
30
28
474
-21,956
-1,716
1,411
366
332
1,525
"35
1,557
"1,545
1,338
BA
0
14
1
4
19,450
23,360
6
-10,563
1,548
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
TQ
1977
actual
actual
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental
Relations
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
806
BA
1,200
0
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
Contributions:
806
Trust Funds
Permanent, indefinite
1,164
0
315
306
1,301
371
"31
1,437
^49
-46
1,600
1,600
^50
133
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
35
30
60
40
-10
46
60
BA
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
1,200
306
1,431
1,600
0
806
1,479
325
1,619
1,650
BA
35
30
60
0
40
-10
46
60
BA
0
1,235
1,519
306
315
1,461
1,665
1,660
1,710
Appalachian Regional Commission
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
452
BA
1,870
495
1,897
"13
2,045
0
1,855
490
1,910
2,045
0
471
126
3,370
3,251
891
823
3,806
4,018
4,110
4,260
Total Advisory Commission on
Intergovernmental Relations.
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
452
Trust Funds
Miscellaneous trust funds: Permanent,
indefinite
452
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
BA
Interfund transactions
Total Appalachian
Commission.
See footnotes at end of table.
452
Regional
2,045
1,910
2,045
3,370
3,251
891
823
3,806
4,018
4,110
4,260
-1,560
-414
-1,573
-1,700
BA
Total trust funds
1,910
616
1,810
477
2,233
2,410
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
452
495
2,326
BA
0
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
1,870
0
1,691
409
2,445
2,560
-1,810
^477
-2,233
-2,410
1,870
2,207
495
548
1,910
2,122
2,045
2,195
BA1
0 I
BA1
0 I
BA
0
350
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1977
estimate
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES—Continued
Delaware River Basin Commission
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
301
BA
8
1
20
83
87
0
Contribution to Delaware River Basin
Commission
301
BA
0
83
215
15
9
296
278
2
1
5
3
5
3
7
3
74
87
18
9
11
7
284
258
87
232
232
319
319
52
52
1
3
1
3
52
52
52
52
Salaries and expenses
Total Delaware
Commission.
River
Basin
BA
0
Interstate Commission on the Potomac River
Basin
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Contribution to Interstate
Commission on the Potomac River
Basin
304
BA
0
Susquehanna River Basin Commission
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
301
BA
8
1
20
8
3
88
0
Contribution to Susquehanna River
Basin Commission
301
BA
0
Total Susquehanna River Basin
Commission.
BA
0
84
150
10
5
21
3
234
22
38
38
58
60
87
150
10
5
26
3
237
88
200
200
288
288
22,074
15,422
179,374
Salaries and expenses
Washington Metropolitan Area Transit
Authority
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Federal contribution
Permanent
BA
BA
0
48,845
50,879 ..
.
169,808
26,700
51,678
26,174
90,059
314,574
BA
0
103.373
174,177
27,645
52,766
120,146
318,650
41,800
183,728
BA
0
3,405
3,291
891
813
3,836
4,064
4,170
4,320
BA1
0 I
-1,560
-414
-1,573
-1,700
BA
0
404
1,845
1,731
-1,810
477
399
-477
2,263
2,491
-2,233
2,470
2,620
-2,410
103,408
174,098
27,645
52,688
120,176
318,908
41,860
183,938
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts-.
Proprietary receipts from the
public
452
Total trust funds
Interfund transactions
Total Intergovernmental
Agencies.
See footnotes at end of table.
452
BA1
0 I
BA
0
351
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY OVERSIGHT
Federal Funds
Generaj and special funds:
5,600
'3,800
"219
054 BA
10,500
5,335
'3,800
Intelligence community staff
10,250
11,350
"490
12,125
12,187
57,036
*2,500
"2,250
58,706
'1,250
61,566
INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
152
B
A
10,400
2,675
0
9,715
2,472
404 BA
52,455
14,060
51,263
12,769
12,147
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
Payments for directed rail service
404
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
15,000
390 ..
..
BA
0
67,455
51,653
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the BA1
public
400 0 J
Total Interstate
Commission.
Commerce
-4,213
BA
0
63,242
47,440
Japan-United States friendship trust BA
fund
153 0
14,060
12,769
-187
70
5
61,786
60,866
61,566
62,566
-230
-23C
61,556
60,636
61,336
62,336
18,000
17,928
Trust Funds
States friendship trust BA
153 0
90
1
60,566
1,250
A
17,923
13,873
12,582
JAPAN-UNITED STATES FRIENDSHIP
COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Japan-United
fund
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
0
-58
18,000
17,928
580
1,000
1,000
352
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
JAPAN-UNITED STATES FRIENDSHIP
COMMISSION—Continued
Summary—Continued
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Interfund transactions
153
BA
0
BA1
n
Total Japan-United States
Friendship Commission.
-58
17,923
-17,923
580
1,000
1,000
.
...
i
BA
0
18,000
5
-58
580
1,000
1,000
BA
0
92,330
84,634
24,630
51,769
125,000
125,004
"90,000
90,000
BA
0
900
795
225
204
1,000
950
"900
880
1,871
419
1,819
1,908
293
1,904
"65
2,109
2,000
1,891
500
672
2,750
2,653
5,000
5,600
BA
468
117
493
'3,500
"15
563
0
280
LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Payment to the
Corporation
Legal
Services
751
MARINE MAMMAL COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses: Indefinite.302
NATIONAL CAPITAL PUNNING COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
451
BA
1,819
0
NATIONAL CENTER FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND
QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
403
BA
0
NATIONAL COMMISSION ON LIBRARIES AND
INFORMATION SCIENCE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
503
697
'1,058
4
580
1,290
NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
401
0
Credit union share insurance fund
401
0
-72
-19,825
-266
3,797
-53
-26,209
-250
-30,888
0
-19,897
3,531
-26,262
-31,138
Operating fund
Total National Credit
Administration.
See footnotes at end of table.
Union
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
353
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Contiinued
Account and functional code
1978
estimate
1976
TQ
1977
actual
actual
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE
HUMANITIES
Federal Funds
192,500
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
503
BA
157,410
56,914
166,000
'5,000
"579
14,500
1
24,000
Appropriation, Current, indefinite...
BA
15,000
1,000
0
144,350
42,156
0
-65
7
BA
0
7,578
7,578
1,733
1,733
42,632
42,632
51,000
51,000
BA
0
172,410
144,285
57,914
42,163
210,079
265,330
243,500
299,558
249,921
A
15,300
51,000
285,858
^13,700
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
503
Trust Funds
Gifts and donations: Permanent,
indefinite
503
109 ...
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
500
902
BA1
0 J
-1
BA1
-2
0 J
BA
0
172,407
144,282
57,914
42,163
210,079
265,330
243,500
299,558
BA
0
BA
0
7,578
7,578
179,985
151,860
1,733
1,733
59,647
43,896
42,632
42,632
252,711
307,962
51,000
51,000
294,500
350,558
BA
69,597
17,593
77,776
c
20
"3,112
88,520
0
Total Federal funds
67,658
15,753
82,200
88,320
BA
0
69,597
67,658
17,593
15,753
80,908
82,200
88,520
88,320
-192
-36
-207
-227
69,405
67,466
17,557
15,717
80,701
81,993
88,293
88,093
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Total National Foundation on
the Arts and the Humanities.
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses-. Indefinite.505
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
500
Total National Labor Relations
Board.
See footnotes at end of table.
BA1
0 J
BA
0
T H E
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
TQ
1977
actual
actual
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
505
BA
3,405
850
0
3,025
829
3,606
"54
3,550
3,586
3,703
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
3,405
3,025
850
829
3,660
3,550
3,703
3,586
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
500
BA1
0J
-1
-5
-5
Summary
Federal funds:
Total National Mediation Board.
-5
BA
3^400
849
M55
3^698
0
3,020
828
3,545
3,581
769,000
<19
"1,997
>475
728,669
4,600
4,000
879,000
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
251 BA
0
Scientific activities (special foreign
BA
currency program)
251 0
711,250
167,555
729,212
4,000
4,791
204,626
500
1,136
815,300
6,000
5,000
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
Trust Funds
Donations: Permanent, indefinite
251 0
251 BA
0
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
250
902
Total Federal funds
-2,813
1,605
2,287
441
1,302
606
1,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
4,000
715,250
731,190
168,055
206,203
776,091
733,669
885,000
821,300
BA1
0 J
-1,570
-335
-278
-278
BA1
0 J
-I
-22
-22
BA
713,679
167,720
775,791
884,700
0
729,619
205,868
733,369
821,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
4,000
778,791
736,369
888,700
825,000
13,800
14,200
14,710
14,650
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Total National
Foundation.
BA
0
Science
1,605
2,287
715,284
731,906
1,302
606
169,022
206,474
NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
See footnotes at end of table.
407
BA
0
11,260
11,311
3,095
2,981
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
355
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD
—Continued
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
BA1
public
400
0 J
11,260
11,311
3,095
2,981
13,800
14,200
14,710
14,650
-5
-13
-13
BA
0
11,246
11,297
3,090
2,976
13,787
14,187
14,697
14,637
BA
217,423
52,125
244,430
"4,350
0
180,410
45,838
236,050
271,450
BA
0
Total National Transportation
Safety Board.
-14
217,423
180,410
52,125
45,838
248,780
236,050
292,150
271,450
-454
-19
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
305
Appropriation, Current, indefinite...
BA
*292,150
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
300
Total
Nuclear
Regulatory
BA1
0 J
BA
216,969
52,106
248,780
292,150
0
Commission.
179,956
45,819
236,050
271,450
5,769
1,464
6,280
7,150
150
7,261
6,961
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW
COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
553
BA
0
5,853
781
824
218
w
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE DEVELOPMENT
CORPORATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
451
BA
Authority to spend public debt
receipts.
Authority to spend public debt
B
A
receipts.
See footnotes at end of table.
1,000
"4,081
"35
13,690
7,500
"25,000
0
870
152
1,264
"22,294
19,173
"6,787
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
356
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
POSTAL SERVICE
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Payment to the Postal Service fund
402
Regional rail transportation
protective account
604
Trust Funds
Railroad retirement account: Indefinite
601
Permanent, indefinite
934,130
1,719,650
937,742
BA
0
250,000
250,000
BA
0
37,600
668
10,030
9,284
1,766,170
'505,900
1,766,170
^505,900
1,472,290
250,000
250,000
1,708,416
0
RAILROAD RETIREMENT BOARD
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Payments to Railroad Retirement
Trust Fund
601
BA
250,000
250,000
40,000
40,000
50,000
50,000
1,472,290
'12,000
BA
BA
0
3,235,042
3,474,662
(29,492)
374,398
920,629
(7,308)
3,663,600
3,727,238
(33,723)
3,906,600
3,895,743
(33,282)
BA
0
287,600
250,668
10,030
9,284
290,000
290,000
300,000
300,000
Limitation on salaries and expenses..
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
600
BA1
0 J
-1
BA
0
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
902
287,599
250,667
10,030
9,284
290,000
290,000
300,000
300,000
BA
0
Total Federal funds
3,235,042
3,474,662
374,398
920,629
3,663,600
3,727,238
3,918,600
3,895,743
BA1
6,773
10,000
6,879 .
0 I
BA
0
Total trust funds
Interfund transactions
601
3,241,815
3,481,435
BA1
-250,000
381,277
927,508
3,663,600
3,727,238
3,928,600
3,905,743
-250,000
-250,000
0 f
Total Railroad
Board.
Retirement
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
See footnotes at end of table.
3,279,414
3,482,102
391,307
936,792
3,703,600
3,767,238
3,978,600
3,955,743
BA
5,566
1,388
5,563
1,287
5,700
"302
5,956
6,285
0
RENEGOTIATION BOARD
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
054
BA
0
BA
0
5,566
5,563
1,388
1,287
6,002
5,956
6,285
6,251
6,251
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
357
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
RENEGOTIATION BOARD—Continued
Summary—Continued
Federal funds:—Continued
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
050
-1
-1
-3
BA
5,565
1,387
5,999
6,282
0
Total Renegotiation Board
BA1
0 J
-3
5,562
1,286
5,953
6,248
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
403
13,177
53,000
'2,000
"2,390
58,290
50,641
11,574
56,559
^1,890
58,195
^110
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
400
Total Securities and Exchange
Commission.
49,291
0
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
49,291
50,641
13,177
11,574
57,390
58,449
58,290
58,305
BA1
0 I
BA
0
-23
-6
-24
-24
49,268
50,618
13,171
11,568
57,366
58,425
58,266
58,281
BA
37,500
6,525
6,800
^870
"124
'139
6,300
0
37,494
3,993
10,569
A
_Sb0
6,410
^20
BA
0
37,500
37,494
6,525
3,993
7,933
11,419
6,300
6,430
SELECTIVE SERVICE SYSTEM
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
054
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
050
Total Selective Service System...
BA1
0 J
-1
BA
37,499
6^525
7,933
6,300
0
37,493
3,993
11,419
6,430
BA
29,485
7,218
35,400
"1,070
43,150
0
33,863
5,960
35,970
42,050
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
See footnotes at end of table.
240-000 O - 77 - 24
403
358
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION—Con.
Federal Funds—Continued
Public enterprise funds:
Business loan and investment fund
403
537,000
601,600
"-60,000
377,300
"-42,000
90,000
172
108,000
3,000
2,480
36,000
20,000
15,000
-1,000
380,800
"-18,000
20,000
403
81,000
4,000
3,350
19,000
25,000
722,242
500,750
623,553
511,175
10,911
78,144
722,242
500,750
623,553
511,175
81,564
22,629
89,033
22,217
BA
0
81,910
500
1,765
82,106
C
959
"2,367
85,479
3,481
3,421
BA
1,940
521
1,977
2,267
8,390
7,993
1,192
3,026
491
1,440
2,585
400
442
1,900
"77
1,977
6,580
10,353
2,950
3,390
BA
278,750
0
252,796
BA
BA
100,000
0
129,302
1,196
5,826
0
BA
0
BA
0
2,992
10,000
17,230
614
2,500
2,293
BA
0
418,235
436,183
10,914
78,147
-20
-3
BA
0
418,215
436,163
BA
Museum programs and related
research (special foreign currency
program)
503
Science information exchange
Disaster loan fund
Permanent, indefinite
453
Lease guarantees revolving fund..403
Surety bond guarantees
fund
revolving
403
Pollution control equipment contract
guarantee revolving fund
403
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
400
Total Small Business
Administration.
63,454
BA
BA1
0 i
-3,025
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
503
251
Construction and improvements,
National Zoological Park
503
BA
0
Restoration and
buildings
of
503
BA
0
Construction
503
Liquidation of contract authority....
330
BA
renovation
Miscellaneous appropriations
Salaries and expenses,
Gallery of Art
See footnotes at end of table.
503
National
503
0
BA
(2,500)
6,940
34
7,759
2,021
7,705
0
2,031
1,991
2,538
7
12,309
'136
"265
11,718
88,984
4,500
3,600
1,977
1,000
5,608
9,700
4,755
325
478
14,717
14,804
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
359
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT A G E N C I E S — C o n t i n u e d
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
Salaries and expenses, Woodrow
Wilson International Center for
Scholars
503
Smithsonian
Permanent
Trust Funds
Institution trust
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
500
Total Federal funds
975
242
0
889
BA
0
BA
0
funds:
251
BA
BA1
0 J
1,306
339
1,120
W
21
1,205
44
54
12
5
55
67
55
58
102,320
112,529
27,253
30,426
114,271
120,088
122,558
121,512
-8
-29
-29
191
1,306
BA
114,242
122,529
30,418
120,059
121,483
44
54
12
5
55
67
55
58
BA
102,555
27,257
114,297
122,584
0
Total Smithsonian Institution
27,245
112,720
BA
0
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
102,511
0
112,774
30,423
120,126
121,541
TEMPORARY STUDY COMMISSIONS
Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning
Commission for Alaska
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
452
BA
Cooperative
indefinite
Trust Funds
funds: Permanent,
452
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
764
120
737
712
0
851^
109
679
789
BA
0
633
468
90
92
614
614
586
586
BA
764
120
737
712
0
851
109
679
789
BA
0
633
468
90
92
614
614
586
586
BA1
0 J
-633
-90
-614
-586
Total trust funds
0
-165
2
Total Joint Federal-State Land
Use Planning Commission
for Alaska.
BA
0
764
686
120
111
737
679
712
789
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
452
See footnotes at end of table.
360
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
TEMPORARY STUDY COMMISSIONS-Con.
Other Temporary Commissions
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Commission on American
Shipbuilding: Salaries and
expenses
406
0
Commission on Executive,
Legislative, and Judicial Salaries-.
Salaries and expenses
805
BA .
.
0
Commission on Federal Papework-.
Salaries and Expenses
804
BA
4,100
2,000
0
1,285
1,367
Highway
Salaries and
404
0
1
6
Commission on the Organization of
the Government for the Conduct
of Foreign Policy: Salaries and
expenses
152
0
194
Commission on the Review of the
National Policy toward Gambling:
Salaries and expenses
751
BA
0
745
1085
186
202
265
366
Defense Manpower Commission:
Salaries and expenses
054
BA
0
BA
0
1,300 .
1301
120
54
11
3
30
58
41
BA
400
322
16
0
0
13
9
205
26
1,300
1,280
President's Council on Youth
Opportunity: Salaries and
expenses
505
0
-10
National Commission on Materials
Policy: Salaries and expenses ..403
0
1
BA
748
563
Commission on
Beautiftcation:
expenses
Lowell Historic Canal District
Commission: Salaries and
expenses
303
National Commission for the Review
of Federal and State Laws
751
National Commission on Electronic
Fund Transfers: Salaries and
expenses
403
National Commission on Supplies
and Shortages: Salaries and
expenses
403
National Commission on the
Financing of Postsecondary
Education: Salaries and expenses
502
National Commission on Water
Quality: Salaries and expenses
304
National Transportation Policy Study
Commission: Salaries and
expenses
407
See footnotes at end of table.
oA
B
o
o
BA
0
B
A
O
12
100 ..
.
10
0
^500
5 ..
.
38
200
322
1
7
295
377
1
9
15
7
7 320
^4,200
2 854
^3,700
360
729
.
.
13 . .
.
17
7
10
1,000
800
1,000
1,100
361
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
TEMPORARY STUDY COMMISSIONS—Con.
Other Temporary Commissions—Continued
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
National Study Commission
Records and Documents
Federal Officials: Salaries
expenses
on
of
and
804
B
A
350
105
350
"10
457
66
100
74
3,245
550
450
0
45
National Water Commission: Salaries
and expenses
301
o
31
Navajo and Hopi Relocation
Commission: Salaries and
expenses
806
B
A
0
12,700
Privacy Protection Study Commission.Salaries and expenses
806
B
A
25,200
5,750
750 .
"26
0
B
A
0
Total Other Temporary
Commissions.
400
471
202
1,017
70
21,188
12f918
3,061
3r016
8,761
14,698
26,400
7,742
27
4,273
700
1
21
21
10
11
27
4,273
700
1
21
21
10
11
National Commission on the observance
of
International Women's Year, 1975
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
Trust
806
B
A
0
5,000
Funds
Contributions: Permanent
806
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)...
BA
0
BA
0
5 000
BA
0
Total National Commission on
the observance of
International Women's Year,
1975.
BA
0
5,000
1
27
21
4,294
10
711
Total Federal funds Temporary
Study Commissions.
BA
0
26,952
13,769
3,181
3,152
9,498
19,650
27,112
9,231
Total trust funds Temporary
Study Commissions.
BA
0
21
10
-165
21
11
30,550
125,930
132,000
232,137
1,203,000
1,471,935
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY
Federal Funds
Public enterprise funds:
Tennessee Valley Authority fund. ..301
T
Vll Ath
Authority to spend public debt
receipts.
See footnotes at end of table.
BA
BA
100,025
10,000,000
980,345
T H E
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY—Continued
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
BA1
public
300
0 J
10,100,025
980,345
30,550
232,137
125,930
1,203,000
132,000
1,471,935
-27
-7
-24
-24
Total Tennessee Valley Authority
10,099,998
30,543
125,906
131,976
980,318
232,130
1,202,976
1,471,911
246,913
67,500
248,325
"262,229
237,171
68,082
248,510
260,669
BA
0
9,995
9,898
3,225
2,095
8,600
9,166
7,057
9,400
M,360
BA
0
UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Salaries and expenses
153
BA
0
Salaries and expenses (special
foreign currency program)
153
Special international exhibitions.. 153
BA
6,187
2,004
4,841
0
7,860
2,063
7,216
Special international exhibitions
(special foreign currency program)
153
0
39
Acquisition and construction of radio
facilities
153
BA
0
10,135
2,261
Trust Funds
United States Information Agency:
Permanent, indefinite
153
BA
0
BA
0
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
150
Total Federal funds
BA1
0 I
6,458
8
99
260
673
2,142
4,849
"2,952
5,643
121
167
13
7
76
211
76
76
273,230
257,229
72,989
72,913
263,908
269,749
276,598
282,269
-308
-308
-308
123
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
153
Total trust funds
BA
272,922
73,112
263,600
276,290
0
256,921
73,036
269,441
281,961
BA
0
121
167
13
7
76
211
76
76
BA1
0 I
-52
-8
-52
-52
BA
0
Total United States Information
Agency.
BA
0
UNITED STATES RAILWAY ASSOCIATION
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Administrative expenses
404
BA
Current, indefinite
BA
0
See footnotes at end of table.
69
5
24
24
H5
-1
159
24
272,991
257,036
73,117
73,035
263,624
269,600
22,300
.'
12,000
19,720
3,150
14,500
276,314
281,985
*10,100
11,500
363
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1976
actual
1978
estimate
1977
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
UNITED STATES RAILWAY ASSOCIATION— Con.
Federal Funds—Continued
General and special funds:—Continued
BA
Purchase of Conrail securities 404
0
Total United States
Association.
Railway
600,000
500,000
309,300
965,000
425,000
500,000
12,000
435,100
614,500
511,500
965,000
WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL
Federal Funds
General and special funds:
Water resources planning
301
Intragovernmental funds:
Consolidated working fund
301
522,300
329,020
BA
0
10,722
2,350
12,665
10,695
2,177
14,660
1,805
301
Trust Funds
River Basin Commissions
BA
0
3,150
-5
Interfund transactions
Total Water Resources Council..
SUMMARY
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
804
Proprietary
public
receipts
from
the
050
150
250
300
See footnotes at end of table.
4,608
1,191
6,935
8,431
•'-8,431
10,722
10,690
2,350
2,179
12,665
14,660
1,805
4,355
4,608
1,345
6,395
1,191
6,935
BAl
0 J
-1,312
-563
-1,269
3,043
3,296
782
628
5,126
5,666
.
BAl
0 J
-3,043
-782
-5,126
..
BA
0
10,722
10,943
2,350
2,025
12,665
15,200
.
BA
0
301
*8,414
BA
0
Total trust funds
6,395
BA
0
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Proprietary receipts from the
public
301
1,345
BA
0
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
4,355
0
Summary
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
B
A
23,230,947
3,400,374
2,597,994
16,796,037
17,945,327
16,999,852
17,705,359
13,389,502
1,805
BA }
92
BA }
-2
-1
-3
BA }
-233
51
-342
-342
BA }
-1,570
-335
-278
-278
BA }
-496
-36
-39
-39
364
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
1976
actual
Account and functional code
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
SUMMARY-Continued
Federal funds:—Continued
305
BAl
0I
7
-5
-19
-24
-2
-2
-248
-480
-485
-12,288
-14,733
-17,989
-242
-262
350
BAl
0 J
-2
400
BAl
0 J
-4,667
450
BAl
0 I
-42
500
BAl
0 I
-8
-45
BAl
-10
-2
-12
-12
600
BAl
0 J
-1
700
BAl
0 J
-4
-1
-5
-4
750
BAl
0 J
-17
-5
-16
-16
550
800
0I
BAl
-19,207
-4,760
-196
-77,750
-8,003
-20,000
0 I
852
BAl
0 I
902
BAl
0 J
-40 000
-419
-416
23,164,395
13,322,950
3,314,324
2,511,944
16,696,937
16,900,752
17,905,259
17,665,291
B
A
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
-65,132
BA
0
Total Federal funds
-392
16,369,693
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intrafund transactions
602
BAl
0 J
-3,485
1,859,700
20,192,827
20,461,717
3,286,587
12,218,061
14,305,251
-1,434
-10,060
-100
10,000
902
from
6,879
the
151
BAl
0 J
-266
-46
-160
-120
BAl
-52
-8
-52
-52
BAl
0 J
-1,312
-563
-1,269
452
receipts
6,773
301
Proprietary
public
BAl
0 J
BAl
-2,193
-504
-2,187
-2,286
0 I
153
BA
Interfund transactions
153
301
16.369,158
1,864,024
20,179,099
20,469,159
0
Total trust funds
10,860,782
3,290,911
12,204,333
14,312,693
-782
-5,126
BAl
-17,923
0J
BAl
0 J
-3,043
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
365
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES—Continued
SUMMARY—Continued
Trust funds:—Continued
452
-1,810
601
BAl
0 I
-250,000
602
BAl
0 J
805
Total Other
Agencies.
BAl
0 J
BAl
0 I
-4,750,491
BA
0
34,510,286
19,160,465
Independent
-477
-2,233
-2,410
-250,000
-250,000
-45,500
-49,100
-245
-7,287,225
-6,921,479
5,176,844
5,801,351
29,285,952
21,515,001
31,151,429
24,754,995
ALLOWANCES
Allowances for:
Civilian agency pay raises..
Contingencies for.
Relatively uncontrollable programs
Other requirements
Total Allowances..
BA
BA
0
0
'1,243,000
'-44,000
'1,193,000
M2.000
BA
0
0
0
BA
0
1,750,000
1,500,000
BA
0
2,949,000
2,651,000
BUDGET TOTALS
Federal funds:
(As shown in detail above)..
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
(As shown in detail above):
Intrafund transactions
Receipts from off-budget Federal
. entities.-
Proprietary receipts from the
public.
(Undistributed by agency and
function):
Proprietary receipts from the
public:
Rents and royalties on the
Outer Continental Shelf. ..953
Total deductions
BA
0
320,842,184
278,118,542
66,218,845
68,312,485
335,869,624
313,445,061
361,195,823
331,466,287
BAl
0 J
BAl
-1,473,305
-438,312
-1,828,194
-1,954,581
-908,934
-354,307
-2,054,162
-2,772,397
BAl
0 J
-3,104,574
-1,102,993
-3,827,133
-4,303,890
BAl
0 J
-2,662,448
-1,311,119
-2,600,000
-3,100,000
BAl
-8,149,261
-3,206,731
-10,309,489
-12,130,868
BA
0
312,692,923
269,969,281
63,012,114
65,105,754
325,560,135
303,135,572
349,064,955
319,335,419
BA
0
147,814,829
141,668,738
35,733,878
36,976,620
159,512,614
157,255,827
180,336,194
169,592,940
0J
0 I
Federal fund totals
Trust funds:
(As shown in detail above)
See footnotes at end of table.
306
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
Account and functional code
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
BUDGET TOTALS—Continued
Trust funds:—Continued
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
(As shown in detail above):
Intrafund transactions
BA1 -1,243,550
-1,896
-1,330,495
-1,578,440
BA1 -8,130,691
0 J
-2,856,674
-9,714,807
-9,845,083
BA1 -1,008,927
0 J
-95,138
-1,184,829
-1,112,892
BA1 -10,383,168
0 J
-2,953,708
-12,230,131
-12,536,415
0 J
Proprietary receipts from the
public.
(Undistributed by agency and
function):
Receipts from off-bud get Federal
entities:
Employer share, employee
retirement
951
Total deductions
Trust fund totals
BA
137,431,661
32,780,170
147,282,483
167,799,779
0
131,285,570
34,022,912
145,025,696
157,056,525
Employer share, employee retirement
BA)
-3,232,929
-889,988
-3,407,069
-3,557,111
951
0 J
-7,800,073
-270.284
-8,200,917
-8,658,507
BA1 -23,756,048
-3,222,516
-25,309,964
-24,209,074
-4,382,788
-36,917,950
-36,424,692
BA 415,335,534
91,409,496
435,924,668
480,440,042
0
94,745,878
411,243,318
439,967,252
Interfund transactions (-):
Interest received by trust funds...952
BA)
0 I
Applied by agency above
0 I
Total interfund transactions
BA1 -34,789,050
0 J
Budget totals
366,465,801
367
THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY AND ACCOUNT
BUDGET ACCOUNTS LISTING (in thousands of dollars)—Continued
BUDGET TOTALS—Continued
A Budget totals are distributed as follows:
1978
1977
Federal funds:
Enacted, pending, and initial requests:
Appropriations
Rescissions pending (#)
Proposed in this budget:
Supplemental requests:
Program:
Under existing legislation (A)
Needing authorizing legislation (B)..
Pay:
Civilian pay raises (D)
Military pay raises (E)
To be proposed separatejy:
Under existing legislation ( 0
Under proposed legislation (-0
Allowances
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total Federal funds
Trust funds:
Enacted, pending, and initial requests: Appropriations.
Proposed in this budget: Supplemental requests:
Program:
Under existing legislation (A)
Pay:
Wage-board pay raises (c)
Civilian pay raises (*>)
To be proposed separately: Under proposed legislation 00
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Outlays
BA
Outlays
BA
323,479,758
—1.G55,378
301,923,032
-112,225
352,848,718
9,293,132
1, 525,288
8,753, 502
301, 489
577, 504
289, 799
380, 802
1, 072, 378
815, 738
365,181
1, 024, 799
815,667
15,621
47, 878
71
127,106
230,800
127,106
246, 510
-10,309,489
325,560,135
328,534,350
-164,400
-10,309,489
726, 414
2, 287, 391
5,333,300
-12,130,868
725, 514
- 3 , 526, 050
4,966,000
-12,130,868
303,135, 572
349,064,955
319,335,419
154,229,361
154,188,421
179,026,194
170,711,200
5,277,192
3,327,390
1,663,695
476
585
446
570
30
15
5,000
-12,230,131
-261,000
-12,230,131
1,310,000
-12,536,415
-2,782,000
-12,536,415
Total trust funds
147,282,483
145,025,696
167,799,779
157,056,525
Interfund transactions (—)..
—36,917, S50
-36,917,550
-36,424,692
-36,424,692
Budget totals
435,924,668
411,243,318
480,440,042
439,967,252
A
Supplemental under existing legislation.
B
Supplemental. Additional authorizing legislation required.
c Supplemental now requested, wage-board pay raises.
Supplemental now requested, civilian pay raises.
E
Supplemental now requested, military pay raises.
F
Proposed transfer to other accounts for pay raises (—).
° Proposed transfer from other accounts for pay raises.
H
Rescission pending.
1
Proposed for later transmittal under existing legislation.
J
Proposed for later transmittal under proposed legislation.
K Additional authorizing legislation required.
D
368
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
ACCOUNTS LISTING FOR OFF-BUDGET FEDERAL ENTITIES
(in thousands of dollars)
Account and functional code
1976
TQ
1977
1978
BA
O
BA
1,000,000
212, 835
30,000
-80,477
7,500
25,062
455,635
30,000
30,000
BA
BA
O
59,318
93,291
9,345
16,637
106,424
94, 519
94,934
91, 774
BA
0
1,089,318
306,126
16,845
- 6 3 , 840
161,486
550,154
124,934
91, 774
BA
0
750,000
-14,506
-2,871
750,000
261,891
750,000
737,830
BA
O
-21,824
-293
-13,609
-15,857
RA
u
-74,164
-14,934
-58,389
-57,968
BA
0
8,946,385
5,863,433
3,471,157
2,563,661
12,154,467
8,740,768
9,962,704
5,935,850
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Public enterprise funds:
Rural electrification and telephone revolving
fund
452
Authority to spend debt receipts: Indefinite
Rural Telephone Bank..
305
Authority to spend debt receipts: Permanent, indefinite
Total, Department of Agriculture
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
Public enterprise funds:
Housing for the elderly or handicapped
fund
..401
Authority to spend debt receipts
DEPARTMENT Of LABOR
Public enterprise funds:
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation..601
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Intragovernmental funds:
Exchange Stabilization Fund
155
Federal Financing Bank
807
Authority to spend debt receipts: Permanent, indefinite
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AUTHORITY
Intragovernmental funds:
Energy Independence Authority
Authority to spend debt receipts
^8,000,000
175,000,000
i 650,000
305
BA
BA
O
402
BA
O
1,085,466
-726,065
1,006,165
BA
O
-1,225,000
51,607
11,383
120,000
297,720
BA
O
9,560,703
7,196,138
3,488,002
1,767,041
13,185,953
10,784,700
93,837,638
9,156,368
BA
O
415,335,534
366,465,801
91,409,496
94,745,878
435,924,668
411,243,318
480,440,042
439,967, 252
BA
O
424,896,237
373,661,939
94,897,498
96,512,919
449,110,621
422,028,018
574,277,680
449,123,620
U.S. POSTAL SERVICE
Public enterprise funds:
Postal Service fund
1,814,739
U.S. RAILWAY ASSOCIATION
Intragovernmental funds:
Regional Rail Reorganization Program
Authority to spend debt receipts
404
SUMMARY
Off-budget Federal entities:
(As shown in detail above)
Budget totals
Total, including off-budget
entities
1
Federal
Proposed for later transmittal under proposed legislation.
PART 9
SUMMARY TABLES
369
EXPLANATORY NOTE RELATING TO THE
SUMMARY TABLES
Types of tables.—This part of the budget consists of tables
as follows:
• Tables 1 through 11 are short summary tables of the
budget, often only one page each.
• Tables 12 through 15 provide greater detail in support
of financial data in the first four tables.
• Table 17 presents 5-year projections of the estimated
costs of proposed legislation pursuant to section 221 (a)
of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970.
• Table 16 and tables 18 through 23 are historical in
nature, giving data, for earlier years, comparable to those
data in the preceding tables, and also giving information
on the national income accounts and the gross national
product over a longer period. A new table (22), "Composition of Budget Outlays in Current and Constant (Fiscal
Year 1972) Prices: 1955-79," is included this year for the
first time.
Periods covered.—Due to the change in fiscal year required by
the Congressional Budget Act, the following periods are
covered by the various columns:
• July 1 through June 30 for the 1976 and prior columns.
• July 1 through September 30, 1976, for the TQ column.
• October 1 through September 30 for the 1977 and subsequent columns.
In addition, budget estimates for 1979 are presented in
a number of tables in this part.
Concepts followed.—The concepts used in the current and
historical tables are discussed in Part 7 of this volume. This
year, budget authority and outlays for off-budget Federal
entities are included in a number of tables.
Other sources of summary data.—The Special Analyses
volume, Part 1, presents a series of data covering Government
finances and operations as a whole. These include, for example:
a comparison of budget totals with the Federal sector of the
national income accounts; selected data on Federal and trust
funds; a description of current developments and trends in
Federal borrowing and debt; information that distinguishes
between outlays of a "capital" nature and outlays for operating purposes; a discussion of tax expenditures included in the
budget; and information on civilian employment in the
executive branch.
370
371
SUMMARY TABLES
Table 1. BUDGET SUMMARY (in millions of dollars)
1976
actual
Description
Budget authority (largely appropriations):
Available through current action by Congress:
Enacted and pending
Proposed in this budget
To be requested separately
Available without current action by Congress..
Deductions for offsetting receipts 1
Receipts, outlays, and surplus or deficit:
Receipts:
Total budget receipts
Outlays:
Total budget outlays
Outlays, off-budget Federal entities
Outlays, including off-budget entities
Surplus or deficit ( — ) :
Total budget deficit ( - )
Deficit, off-budget Federal entities
Total deficit ( - )
Outstanding debt, end of period:
Gross Federal debt
Held by:
Government agencies
The public
„_ _
55,276
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
201, 724
-53,321
46,677
-10,543
264,493
22,892
363
207,635
-59,458
415,336
(9,561)
91,409
(3,488)
435,925
(13,186)
480,440
(93, 838)
(424,896)
(94,897)
(449,111)
(574,278)
300,005
Total budget authority
Budget authority, off-budget Federal entities.Budget authority including off-budget Federal
entities
266,933
TQ
actual
81,773
354,045
393,017
366,466
(7,196)
(373,662)
94,746
(/, 767)
(96,513)
411,243
(10,785)
(422,028)
-66,461
-12,973
-57,198
303,216
9,657
228,659
-61,092
439,967
(9,156)
(449,124)
-46,950
(-7,196) (-/, 767) (-10,785) (-9,156)
(-73,657) (-14,740) (-67,983) (-56,107)
631,866
646,379
716,725
784,973
151,566
480,300
148,052
498,327
156,398
560,327
169,146
615,827
64,233
21, 646
169,828
84, 930
65, 314
24, 258
169, 757
87,822
67, 317
34, 321
181,030
100, 136
70,081
41,518
202,264
113, 542
MEMORANDUM
Outstanding loans, end of year:
Direct loans—on-budget accounts
Direct loans—off-budget accounts
Guaranteed and insured loans 2
Government-sponsored enterprise loans 3
1
These consist of intragovernmental transactions and proprietary receipts from the publicExcludes loans held by Government accounts and sponsored credit enterprises.
Net of lending among Government-sponsored enterprises or between such enterprises and
Federal agencies; excludes Federal Reserve banks.
Note.— The transactions of the Export-Import Bank were excluded from the budget by law as of
Aug. 17, 1971. This provision was repealed effective Oct. 1, 1976. Accordingly, all budget totals for
past years have been adjusted retroactively to include the transactions of the Export-Import Bank.
This adjustment increases budget outlays and the budget deficits by:
In millions
1972
$145
1973
548
1974
1,228
1975
1,504
1976
856
TQ
273
2
8
1977
1978
1979
899
964
1,091
372
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 2. BUDGET RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND BUDGET AUTHORITY
(In millions of dollars)
Description
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
1979
estimate
131,603
38,801
153,097
41,409
8,460
56,604
92,714
25,760 108,883
16,963
4,473
17,926
5,216 1,455 5,907
4,074
1,212 4,713
8,026
1,612 6,915
171,217
58,910
126,068
18,513
5,806
5,262
7,241
205,349
63,700
146,178
19,055
6,283
5,851
7,944
300,005
393,017
454,360
Receipts by source:
Individual income taxes
Corporation income taxes
Social insurance taxes and contributions.
Excise taxes
Estate and gift taxes
Customduties
Miscellaneous receipts
Total budget receipts
Outlays by function:
National defense^
International affairs
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal, including off-budget
General science, space, and technology.
Natural resources, environment, and
energy
. Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
Agriculture
Commerce and transportation
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal, including off-budget
Community and regional development._
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
81,773
354,045
89,996
22,518
100,075 112,262 123,798
5,067
1,997
7,150 7,281
7,627
(-74)
(-15)
(-58)
(-58)
(-58)
(4,993)
(1,982)
(7,092)
(7,223)
(7,569)
4, 370
1, 161
4,434
4, 725
5, 202
U,282
3,324
17,050
19,747
20,619
(2/3) (-80)
(456) (650) (1,450)
(11,495)
(3,244) (17,506) (20,397) (22,069)
2,502
584
2,899
2,333
1,891
17,248
4,700
16,106
19,252
18,632
(1J23)
(-718)
(1,566)
(2,553)
(3,201)
(18,371)
(3,982) (17,672) (21,805) (21,833)
5,300
1,530 7,695
7,868
7,111
(93)
(17)
(95)
(92)
(5,393)
(1,547)
(7,790)
(7,960)
(89)
(7,200)
Education, training, employment, and
social services
.
18,167
5,013 21,114
19,358
18,146
Health
\
33,448
8,720
39,251
43,205
46,696
Incomes"ecurity;
127,406
32,796 138,118 143,892 152,838
Off-budget Federal entities
(-22)
(-*)
(-14)
(-16) (-16)
Subtotal including off-budget
(127,384) (32,796) (138,104) (143,876) (152,822)
Veterans benefits and services
18,432
3,962
18,388
18,279
17,960
Law enforcement and justice
3,320
859
3,712 3,789
3,756
General government
2,927
878 3,731 3,930 4,016
Off-budget Federal'eniities
(5,863)
(2,564)
(8,741)
(5,936)
(6,233)
Subtotal including off-budget
(8,790)
(3,442) (12,472)
(9,866) (10,249)
Revenue sharing and general purpose
fiscal assistance
7,119 2,024
8,926
8,089
8,253
Interest
34,589
7,246
37,987
39,735
42,419
2
Allowances .
-2,651 4,311
' ' : : : : : : ;
-14,704 ^-2,567 -I5,_393 -16,429 -1737
Total budget outlays
02"7lX?F4UmU:
366,466
94,746
411,243
439,967
465,967
(7,196) (1,767) (10,785) (9,156) (10.899)
(371662) J9UH) (JKW) (WM^ (476,866)
7udgerdefidt()
-66,461 -12,973 -57,198 -46,950 -11,607
Deficit-), offWdgdFcd'cral'lniiUeV.: (-7,196) (-1,767)(-10,785) W 5 6 )^^ 9 ?
W.740) (-67,983) (-56, ,07) (-22,506)
See footnotes at end of table.
SUMMARY TABLES
373
Table 2. BUDGET RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND BUDGET AUTHORITY—Con.
(In millions of dollars)
Description
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
1979
estimate
Budget authority by function:
National defense *
103,811
22,149 108,520 122,871
135,548
International affairs
6,564
1,382
8,247
9,021
9,619
Off-budget, Federal entities
(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)
Subtotal including off-budget
(6,564)
(1, 382) (8,247)
(9,021)
(9,619)
General science, space, and technology.
4,262
1,095
4,496
4,915
5,248
Natural resources, environment, and
energy
19,283
2,607
14,279
19,098
18,830
Off-budget Federal entities
(1,000) (
)
(25) (83,000) (
)
Subtotal including off-budget
(20,283)
(2,607) (14,304) (102,098) (18,830)
Agriculture
4,157
309
1,668
2,729
2,502
Commerce and transportation
20,890
7,496
14,974
18,694
19,447
Off-budget Federal entities
(-475) (
)
(870)
(750)
(750)
Subtotal including off-budget
(20,415)
(7,496) (15,844) (19,444) (20,197)
Community and regional development.
5, 708
653
8, 731
6, 434
6, 418
Off-budget Federal entities
(89)
(17)
(136)
(125)
(116)
Subtotal including off-budget
(5,797)
(670) (8,867)
(6,559)
(6,534)
Education, training, employment, and
social services
21,217
5,321
21,762
17,967
18,471
Health
33,649
8,505
40,354
47,416
52,118
Income security
140,019
28,562 155,440 170,186 185,930
Off-budget Federal entities
(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)
Subtotal including off-budget
(140,019) (28,562) (155,440) (170,186) (185,930)
Veterans benefits and services
19, 678
4, 529
19, 073
18, 199
18, 580
Law enforcement and justice
3,297
829
3,584
3,677
3,762
General government
3,372
892
3,705
3,904
3,997
Off-budget Federal entities
(8,946)
(3,471) (12,154)
(9,963) (10,461)
Subtotal including off-budget
(12,318)
(4,363) (15, 859) (13,867) (14,458)
Revenue sharing and general purpose
fiscal assistance
9,542
2,402
8,496
9,074
8,722
Interest
34,591
7,244
37,987
39,734
42,419
2
Allowances
2,949
4,311
Undistributed offsetting receipts
-14,704
-2,567 -15,393 -16,429 -17,307
Total budget authority
415,336
Budget authority, off-budget Federal
entities
(9,561)
Budget authority, including off-budget
Federal entities
(424,896)
91,409
435,925
480,440
518,615
(3,488)
(13,186)
(93,838)
(11,327)
(94,897) (449,111) (574,278) (529,942)
*$500 thousand or less.
Includes allowances for civilian and military pay raises for Department of Defense.
Includes allowances for civilian agency pay raises and contingencies.
1
2
240-000 O - 77 - 25
374
THE
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 78
Table 3. B U D G E T A U T H O R I T Y B Y A G E N C Y (in millions of dollars)
Budget authority
Department or other unit
1976
actual
Legislative branch
The Judiciary
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President
Agriculture
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
Commerce
Defense—Military (including pay raises).
Defense—Civil
Health, Education, and Welfare
Housing and Urban Development
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
Interior
Justice
Labor
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
State
Transportation
Treasury
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
Energy Research and Development Admin.
Environmental Protection Agency
General Services Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Admin_ _
Veterans Administration
Other independent agencies
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
Allowances 1
Undistributed offsetting receipts:
Employer share, employee retirement._
Interest received by trust funds
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf
TQ
actual
923
345
69
10,566
15,002
(/, 089)
(16,091)
2,252
95, 712
2,196
128,244
28,498
(750)
(29,248)
2,541
2,175
20,379
(
)
(20,379)
931
10,276
46,772
(8,946)
(55,7/8)
4,515
771
161
3,550
19,651
34,510
224
87
18
-921
2,956
(17)
(2,973)
466
23,089
659
34,248
403
(
)
(403)
1,012
534
3,654
(
)
(3,654)
372
4,969
10,135
(3,471)
(13,606)
1,264
189
-12
932
4,523
5, 177
(-1,225)
(
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
1979
estimate
971
1,051
1,211
422
441
467
75
72
72
3,411
4,083
3,846
13,173
12,443
12,935
{161)
(125)
(116)
(13,334)
(12,568)
(13,050)
4,032
1,907
1,919
108,260
121,704
134,272
2,495
2,645
2,642
146,494
161,106
181,225
20,516
29,677
29,569
(750)
(750)
(750)
(21,266)
(30,427)
(30,319)
4,230
3,646
3,858
2,328
2,345
2,403
24,403
20,654
19,207
(
) (
__) (
)
(24,403)
(20,654)
(19,207)
1,273
1,377
1,440
9,126
13,045
14,387
49,600
50,989
53,245
(12,154)
(9,963)
(10,461)
(61,754)
(60,952)
(63,706)
6,389
7, 840
8,321
1,860
5,303
5,303
203
248
290
3, 723
4,018
4,387
19,047
18,172
18,553
29, 286
31,151
32, 060
)
(120) (83,000) (
(33,285)
(5,177)
(29,406)
(114,151)
2,949
-4,242
-7,800
-985
-270
-4,592
-8,201
-4,670
-8,659
-5,107
-9,700
-2,662
-1,311
-2,600
-3,100
-2,500
Total budget authority
415,336
Budget authority, off-budget Federal
entities
(9,561)
Budget authority including off-budget
Federal entities
(424,896)
91,409
435,925
480,440
518,615
(3,488)
(13,186)
(93,838)
(11,327)
(94,897)
(449,111)
(574,278)
(529,942)
TQ
1977
1978
1976
(32,060)
4,311
MEMORANDUM
Portion available through current action by Congress 2_
Portion available without current action by Congress..
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intragovernmental transactions
Proprietary receipts from the public
Total budget authority
1
2
266,933
201, 724
55,276
46,677
287, 748
207, 635
312, 873
228, 659
-39,424
- 1 3 , 898
-5,272
-5,271
-43,316
- 1 6 , 142
-43,843
-17,249
415,336
91,409
435,925
480,440
Includes allowances for civilian agency pay raises and contingences.
Budget authority excludes appropriations to liquidate contract authority.
)
SUMMARY TABLES
375
Table 4. O U T L A Y S B Y AGENCY (in millions of dollars)
Department or other unit
Legislative branch
The Judiciary
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President
Agriculture
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
Commerce
Defense-Military (including pay raises)-_
Defense-Civil
Health, Education, and Welfare
Housing and Urban Development
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
Interior
Justice
Outlays
1976
ictual
775
325
79
3,525
12,796
(307)
(13,102)
2,020
88,036
2,124
128,785
7,079
(-15)
(7,064)
2,293
2,242
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
1979
estimate
224
1,016
1,102
1,252
85
398
440
465
16
81
72
72
1,221
4,467
5, 149
4, 729
3,850
13,691
12,761
12,477
(-64)
(550)
(92)
(89)
(3,786) (14,241) (12,853) (12,566)
534
3,040
2,931
2,336
21,926
98,050
109,523 120,795
583
2,469
2,628
2,628
34,341
147,927 159,385 171,903
1,397
7,673
8,722
9,070
(-3)
(262)
(738)
(778)
(1,394)
(7,935)
(9,460)
(9, 849)
788
3,491
3,498
3,717
551
2,436
2,445
2,401
Labor.. _
25,727
23,468
19,619
15,702
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
State
Transportation. _
Treasury
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
Energy Research and Development Admin.
Environmental Protection Agency
General Services Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Admin. __
Veterans Administration
Other independent agencies
Off-budget Federal entities
Subtotal including off-budget
Allowances1
Undistributed offsetting receipts:
Employer share, employee retirement, __
Interest received by trust funds
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf
(-22)
(-*)
(25,705)
(5,905)
1,062
316
11,936
3,003
44,335
9,699
(5,789)
(2,549)
(50,124) (12,248)
3, 759
1,051
3,118
1,108
—92
3
3,670
953
18,415
3,957
19,160
5,801
(/, 137) (-715)
(20,297)
(5,086)
5,905
(-14)
(23,454)
1,199
12,774
50,020
(8, 682)
(58,702)
5, 375
5,295
176
3,706
18,370
2\, 515
(1,304)
(22,819)
(-16)
(19,603)
1,255
14,590
49,983
(5, 878)
(55,861)
6,458
6,006
263
3,901
18,259
24,755
(2,465)
(27,220)
2,651
(-16)
(15,686)
1,364
15,178
52,743
(6,174)
(58,918)
7, 771
6,135
303
4,331
17,938
25,653
(3, 873)
(29,526)
4,311
-4,242
-7,800
-985
-270
-4,592
-8,201
-4,670
-8,659
-5,107
-9,700
-2,662
-1,311
-2,600
-3,100
-2,500
Total budget outlays
366,466
94,746 411,243 439,967 465,967
Outlays, off-budget Federal entities
(7,196)
(1,767) (10,785)
(9,156)
(10,899)
Outlays including off-budget Federal
entities
(373,662) (96,513) (422,028) (449,124) (476,866)
___
__
___
__
MEMORANDUM
Portion available through current action by Congress. 158, 321
Portion available without current action by Congress. 117,871
Outlays from obligated balances 2
71,952
Outlays from unobligated balances 2
71,644
Deductions for offsetting receipts:
Intragovernmental transactions
-39,424
Proprietary receipts from the public
-13,898
Total budget outlays
366,466
30,077
16,542
34,952
23,719
190,490
136,895
84,053
59,264
193,791
153, 353
102,182
51,732
-5,272
-5,271
-43,316
-16,142
-43,843
-17,249
94,746
411,243
439,967
*$500 thousand or less.
Includes allowances for civilian agency pay raises and contingencies.
2
Outlays from appropriations to liquidate contract authority are included as outlays from balances.
1
376
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 5. OBLIGATIONS INCURRED, NET (in millions of dollars)
Department or other unit
Legislative branch
The Judiciary
Executive Office of the President. _
Funds appropriated to the President:
International security assistance
International development assistance
Other..
Agriculture
Commerce
Defense-Military i
Defense-Civil
Health. Education, and Welfare
Housing and Urban Development
Interior
Justice
Labor
State
Transportation
Treasury..
Energy Research and Development Administration...
Environmental Protection Agency. _
General Services Administration. __
._
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Veterans Administration
Civil Service Commission....
Export-Import Bank
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Home Loan Bank Board
U.S. Postal Service
Railroad Retirement Board
Other independent agencies...
Undistributed offsetting receipts
Allowances2.
Total
MEMORANDUM
Federal funds..
Trust funds...
Interfund transactions
Total.
1
2
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
960
328
66
229
92
18
1,003
395
75
1,091
443
72
4,165
727
-121
574
-3,078
2,445
232
2,673
479
13,723
2,167
88,281
2,159
127,137
27.554
2,331
2.155
25.441
1,017
9,984
44,432
4,233
4,835
16
3,593
18.796
8,858
728
-447
-51
1,708
3.504
6.381
-14,704
198
1,431
673
4,427
14,682
470
4,177
24,830 111,902
625
2,577
39,046 151,265
15,059
28,879
975
3,731
577
2,361
6,027
22,742
388
1,233
3.459
16.435
9,894
49,911
1,198
7,050
983
7,416
—22
224
947
4,064
4,032
18,548
2,421
10,345
384
1,274
44
-799
-171
-1,422
934
2,272
941
3,787
1.387
7,304
- 2 , 5 6 7 -15,393
_
12,094
2,079
119,092
2,759
160,712
27,983
3.690
2,352
19.553
1,328
15,216
50,969
7,939
6,148
267
4,018
18,438
11.834
1,602
-289
-438
1,472
3.976
8,441
-16,429
2,949
390,553
117,278
456,838
472,939
291,975
133,366
-34,789
390.553
87,274
34,387
-4,383
117,278
350,059
143,697
-36,918
456,838
353,112
156.252
-36,425
472,939
Includes allowances for civilian and military pay raises for Department of Defense.
Includes allowances for civilian agency pay raises and contingencies.
1978
estimate
377
SUMMARY TABLES
Table 6. BUDGET AUTHORITY AVAILABLE THROUGH CURRENT ACTION
BY CONGRESS (in millions of dollars)
Department or other unit
1976
actual
Legislative branch
The Judiciary
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President
Agriculture
Commerce
Defense-Military i
_..
Defense-Civil
Health. Education, and Welfare
_.
Housing and Urban Development
Interior
.
Justice
Labor
State
Transportation
Treasury Department
Energy Research and Development Administration...
Environmental Protection Agency
General Services Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Veterans Administration
.__
_..
_._
Other independent agencies
Allowances 2 _ _ .
Total budget authority available through current
action by Congress
_
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
934
343
69
5,524
14,049
1,986
95.858
2.261
42,024
26,370
3,074
2,179
12.040
878
6.768
4,976
4,515
772
367
3,552
19,219
19,175
226
86
18
781
2.623
391
23.080
681
11,870
154
1,108
566
900
376
1,478
969
1,264
189
83
932
4,515
2,988
983
451
75
6,911
12.338
3,681
108.425
2,572
50,558
19.499
4,842
2.334
12.552
1.198
5.093
13,863
6,389
1,860
375
3,724
18,580
11,443
1.063
438
72
7,191
11.379
1,589
121,873
2,729
53,084
28,458
4,193
2.351
5.251
1.279
5,518
17.024
7,840
5,303
582
4,020
17,661
11.028
2,949
266,933
55,276
287,748
312,873
MEMORANDUM
Appropriations to liquidate contract authority: 3
Funds appropriated to the President
Agriculture.
Commerce
Housing and Urban Development
Interior
Transportation.
Environmental Protection Agency
Veterans Administration
Other independent agencies
Total appropriations
authority
1
2
1
to
liquidate
_
_
_
437
303
316
4,576
142
8,630
865
81
2
3
8
8
5
7
1
79
2
4
1
1,805
89
1
15
8
33
1
38
8
6.939
84
8.863
3.849
25
0
29
6
39
6
7.797
5
5
8.416
5.000
4
6
3
15,353
3,590
contract
20,627
Includes allowances for civilian and military pay raises for Department of Defense.
Includes allowances for civilian agency pay raises and contingencies.
Excluded from budget authority above.
22,114
378
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 7. OUTLAYS FROM BUDGET AUTHORITY AVAILABLE THROUGH
CURRENT ACTION BY CONGRESS (in millions of dollars)
Department or other unit
Legislative branch
Thejudiciary
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President
Agriculture
Commerce
Defense-Military 1
Defense-Civil
Health, Education, and Welfare
Housing and Urban Development
Interior
Justice
Labor
State
Transportation
Treasury Department
Energy Research and Development Administration
Environmental Protection Agency
General Services Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Veterans Administration
Other independent agencies
Allowances 2__
Total outlays from budget authority available
through current action by Congress
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
748
298
61
890
10.206
1,010
69,035
1,657
28,183
553
2,112
1,357
6,482
719
3,193
2,440
1,836
340
336
2,676
17,148
7.040
167
60
12
203
2.530
207
13,526
89
5,902
33
296
284
433
243
490
427
401
47
48
430
2,689
1,561
915
386
70
3,125
12.362
1,812
72,525
1,902
34,746
954
2,927
1.555
8,599
946
3,565
11,932
2,572
739
325
2,831
16,044
9,656
989
401
67
3,129
9.940
1.030
79,134
2,034
35,708
829
2,878
1.623
4,263
990
3,722
14,092
2,844
641
540
2,832
15,106
8,351
2,651
158,321
30,077
190,490
193,791
MEMORANDUM
From appropriations to liquidate contract authority: 3
Funds appropriated to the President
Agriculture
Commerce
Housing and Urban Development
Interior
Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency
Veterans Administration
Other independent agencies
Total outlays from appropriations to liquidate
contract authority
1
2
3
275
209
316
2,416
122
7,917
810
63
—5
12,122
8
5
7
1
69
4
1
7
1.467
78
9
3,087
33
1
38
8
3,331
84
7,557
3,618
29
2
39
6
4,362
55
8,181
4,380
15,290
17,576
Includes allowances for civilian and military pay raises for Department of Defense.
Includes allowances for civilian agency pay raises and contingencies.
Excluded from outlays above.
SUMMARY TABLES
379
Table 8. BUDGET FINANCING AND OUTSTANDING DEBT
(In millions of dollars)
BUDGET FINANCING
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
Budget surplus or deficit ( - )
Deficit ( - ) , off-budget Federal entities1
-66,461
-7,196
-12,973
-1,767
-57,198
-10,785
-46,950
-9,156
Total deficit ( - )
Means of financing other than borrowing from the
public:
Decrease or increase (—) in cash and monetary assets
Increase or decrease (—) in liabilities for:
Checks outstanding, etc.2
Deposit fund balances
Seigniorage on coins
-73,657
-14,740
-67,983
-56,107
—7, 964
—2,860
5, 714
-951
-1,099
747
-546
20
99
-26
-153
448
117
-42
531
-3,287
5,983
607
- 8 2 , 922 - 1 8 , 027 - 6 2 , 000
—471
-55,500
Total, means of financing other than borrowing
from the public
Total requirements for borrowing from the public
Reclassification of securities 3
Change in debt held by the public
-9,265
83,393
18,027
50,875
22,821
9,697
Nonbank investors
Commercial banks
Federal Reserve System
14,632
1,414
1,981
62,000
55,500
OUTSTANDING DEBT, END OF YEAR
1975
actual
Gross Federal debt:
Debt issued by Treasury
Debt issued by other agencies
533,188
10,943
620,432
11,433
634,701
11,678
706,436
10,290
776,078
8,895
Total gross Federal debt
Held by:
Government agencies
The public
544,131
631,866
646,379
716.725
784,973
147,225
396.906
151,566
480,300
148,052
498.327
156,398
560.327
169,146
615,827
Federal Reserve System
Others
84, 993
311,913
94,714
385,586
96,702
401,625
DEBT SUBJECT TO STATUTORY LIMITATION, END OF YEAR
Debt issued by Treasury
533,188
Treasury debt not subject to limitation
-624
Agency debt subject to limitation
1,622
Notes not part of Federal debt but included
4
indebtlimit
20
Total debt subject
limitation5
1
2
620,432
-613
1,716
634,701
-613
1,713
706,436
-402
1,745
776,078
-402
1,793
20
20
20
20
621,555
635,822
707,799
777,489
to statutory
534,207
Includes Exchange stabilization fund.
Includes military payment certificates, accrued interest (less unamortized discount) on Treasury
debt, and as offset certain collections in transit.
3
As of July 1, 1 975, Federal debt held by the public increased by $471 million due to a retroactive
reclassification of Export-Import Bank certificates of beneficial interest from asset sales to debt.
4
District of Columbia stadium bonds. See Special Analysis C for further explanation.
5
The statutory debt limit is permanently established at $400 billion. Public Law 94-334 temporarily increased the statutory debt limit to $682 billion through Mar. 31, 1977 and to $700 billion
through Sept. 30, 1977. Legislation is required to change the limitation.
380
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Table 9. RELATION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY TO OUTLAYS
(In millions of dollars)
Description
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
Budget authority available through current action by
Congress:
Enacted or recommended herein:
Appropriations1
Contract authority
Authority to spend debt receipts
Reappropriations and reauthorizations
To be requested separately: Appropriations
Total budget authority available through
current action by Congress (table 6 ) . . . .
228,887
22,989
15,054
3
54,719
557
270,685
18,475
-1,776
1
363
275,803
27,230
182
9,657
266,933
55,276
287,748
312,873
182,010
17,774
1,941
41,240
4,733
704
194,205
11,029
2,400
210,643
15,115
2,901
Budget authority available without current action by
Congress (permanent authorizations):
Appropriations1
Contract authority
Authority to spend debt receipts
Deductions for offsetting receipts (table 13):
Intragovernmental transactions
Proprietary receipts from the public
Total budget authority for the year (table 3).
-39,424
-13,898
-5,272
-5,271
-43,316
-16,142
-43,843
-17,249
415,336
91,409
435,925
480,440
Unobligated balances and adjustments:
Unobligated balances:
Brought forward at start of year (table 10)..
285,662
292,909
264,465
Written off (rescinded, lapsed, etc.) 2
-15,002
-4,476
-18,202
Carried forward at end of year (table 10)._._ -292,909 -264,465 -226,551
Application of new authority to prior obligations:
Budget authority of year, obligated previously.
—4,424
— 1,880
—3, 791
Budget authority of subsequent year, obligated
currently.....
1.890
3,781
4,992
Obligations incurred, net (table 5)
226,551
-17,842
-216,892
—4,992
5,674
390,553
117,278
456,838
472,939
227,431
251,334
273,586
319,107
Obligated balances:
Brought forward at start of year, funded (table
10)
Adjustments in expired accounts
Deficiency appropriations
Carried forward a t end of year (table 10)
Budget outlays (table 4)_._
—401
217
-251,334
366,466
—280
—73
—40
-273,586
-319,107
-352,039
94,746
411,243
439,967
SUMMARY TABLES
381
Table 9. RELATION OF BUDGET AUTHORITY TO OUTLAYS—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Description
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
MEMORANDUM
Federal funds included above:
Budget authority available through current
action by Congress
Budget authority 3
Obligations incurred, net 3
Budget outlays 3
264,988
312,693
291,975
269,969
54,723
63,012
87,274
65,106
281,823
325,560
350,059
303,136
304,058
349,065
353,112
319,335
1
Excludes appropriations to liquidate contract authority:
1976
TQ
1977
actual
actual
estimate
Enacted or recommended herein
23,318
6,431
30,429
2
Includes redemption of agency debt and capital transfers to the general fund.
3
Amounts are net of intrafund transactions, receipts from off-budget Federal entities,
prietary receipts from the public.
1978
estimate
31,617
and pro-
CO
00
to
Table 10. BALANCES OF BUDGET AUTHORITY (in millions of dollars)
Start 1 976
Department or unit
Obligated
Legislative branch
The Judiciary
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President:
International security assistance
International development assistance
Other
Agriculture
Commerce
Defense-Military 1
Defense-Civil
Health, Education, and Welfare
Housing and Urban Development
Interior
Justice
Labor
State
Transportation
Treasury
Energy Research and Development Agency.
End TQ
End 1976
Unobligated
Obligated
Unobligated
Obligated
End 1977
Unobligated
Obligated
End I 978
Unobligated
-15
29
27
287
23
1
169
32
12
234
40
4
174
38
14
222
23
162
35
7
167
49
13,116
4,700
1,292
4,335
1,684
27,266
597
20,198
106,265
1,369
1,235
2,496
228
14,781
1,892
1,791
7,021
10,373
461
12,642
638
16,731
177
55,667
59,778
2,484
173
14,445
389
21,329
256
412
16,081
3,705
1,017
5,205
1,838
27,640
632
18,493
126,740
1,395
1,146
2,201
183
12,825
1,978
2,265
11,059
11,425
574
13,801
722
24,049
215
54,307
48,395
2,485
192
9,354
250
21,612
2,595
694
15,440
3,725
1,070
5,770
1,764
30,383
674
23,253
140,411
1,582
1,173
2,230
250
13,276
2,113
2,412
9,975
10,877
327
12,223
714
21,031
243
50,674
32,105
2,461
144
6,933
228
23,063
2,821
759
10,608
4,399
1,513
6,760
2,902
44,227
783
26,590
161,617
1,821
1,098
1,495
278
16,937
2,004
4,087
12
10,555
16
10,247
569
17,029
160
46,606
20,735
2,765
111
8,594
268
15,625
2,510
99
Obligated
150
38
7
8,794
5,078
1,038
6,093
2,050
53,794
94
1
27,916
180,878
2,014
1,005
1,430
30
5
17,563
2,990
5,568
O
Unobligated
102
47
CO
9
11,061
6
10,323
36
9
19,572
4
7
47,677
7,788
2,465
14
0
9,695
38
1
13,453
21
3
*
p
4
a
£
CO
00
Environmental Protection Agency
General Services Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Veterans Administration
Civil Service Commission
Export-Import Bank
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,.__
Federal Home Loan Bank Board
U.S. Postal Service
Railroad Retirement Board
Other independent agencies
Allowances 2
11,719
51
9,626
318
7,656
196
9,499
294
6,857
203
11,620
342
1,301
99
897
1,700
2,459
7,637
187
-10
468
9,696
38,253
425
10,439
42,951
6,503
7,492
1,173
2,319
3,571
7,994
191
24
66
11,285
48,783
6,547
7,322
815
2,141
3,062
7,619
128
26
407
10,892
42,136
6,100
9,271
820
2,068
2,994
7,508
218
18
266
2,892
3,990
2,828
288
3,918
3,729
11,638
292
3,957
3,178
11,974
312
4,239
3,094
9,588
227,431
Total
7,909
209
285,662
251,334
292,909
273,586
264,465
319,107
226,551
352,039
194,369
152,413
216,190
155,604
238,078
128,819
284,928
100,341
318,665
79,133
33,062
133,248
35,143
137,305
35,507
135,646
34,179
126,211
33,374
137,759
H
227,431
285,662
251,334
292,909
273,586
264,465
319,107
226,551
352,039
216,892
«
7,303
8,914
11,763
346
456
66
1,289
66
2,498
10,918
4,101
54,001
8,632 _.
281
7,592
9
9,352
333
4,819
298
3,097
8,052
216,892
MEMORANDUM
Federal funds
Trustfunds
Total
*$500 thousand or less.
Includes balances of allowances for civilian and military pay raises for Department of Defense.
Includes balances of allowances for civilian agency pay raises and contingencies.
1
2
CO
00
CO
384
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Table 11. FULL-TIME PERMANENT CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT IN THE
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
June 30.
1976
actual
Agency
Agriculture
Commerce
_.
_.
Defense—military functions.
Defense—civil functions...
Health, Education, and Welfare
Housing and Urban Development
_
Interior
Justice
Labor
_
State
Transportation
Treasury
_
Energy Research and Development Administration. _
Environmental Protection Agency
General Services Administration
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Veterans Administration
_
Other:
Agency for International Development
Civil Service Commission
_
Federal Energy Administration
_
_
Nuclear Regulatory Commission _
_
Panama Canal.._
Small Business Administration
Tennessee Valley Authority
_
_
United States Information Agency
Miscellaneous
Subtotal
Contingencies 2 .
Subtotal
Postal Service. __
Total
_
80,413
28,823
922,386
28,648
136,462
14,942
59,130
51,201
14,471
22,634
71,593
107,877
8,283
9,481
35,679
24,039
192,453
83,500
29,500
928,000
29,000
142,300
15,600
62,000
52,400
16,200
22,800
72,800
112,100
8,700
9,700
36,000
23,800
201,700
84,200
29,400
921,200
28,900
142,400
16,500
62,400
53,800
16,200
22,900
74,000
112,600
9,000
9,700
36,200
23,700
205,500
6,100
7,000
3,900
2,500
13,500
4,400
17,400
8,700
41.700
6,100
7,100
3,700
2,700
13,500
4,600
17,900
8,700
41,900
1,906,849 1,951,300
2,000
1,954,800
5,000
1,906,849 1,953,300 1,959,800
541,499
536,400
540,000
_
2,448,348 2,489,700
1
Excludes developmental positions under the worker trainee opportunity program
as 2well as certain statutory exemptions.
Subject to later distribution.
1978
estimate
5,751
6,740
3,349
2,289
12,978
4,136
15,100
8,559
39,432
_
_
Sept. 30
1977
estimate
2,499,800
(WTOP)
SUMMARY TABLES
385
Table 12. BUDGET RECEIPTS BY SOURCE (in millions of dollars)
Source
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
123,441
35,528
32,950
6,809
153,107
41,243
-6,046
185,700
46,476
-18,864
Gross individual income taxes
Refunds
Proposed legislation
158,969
-27,367
39,759
-958
188,304
-35,207
213,312
-41,737
—358
Net individual income taxes
131,603
38,801
153,097
171,217
46,783
9,809
-5,374
-1,348
63,333
-1,052
-5,677
69,762
-4,660
-6,192
41,409
8,460
56,604
58,910
58,703
15,886
67,682
7,686
2,130
8,897
11,995
3,459
13,750
1,525
328
1,860
74,462
—842
10,137
2,167
17,834
9
1,855
12
79,909
21,803
92,189
105,634
Unemployment insurance:
State taxes deposited in Treasury i
Federal unemployment tax receipts i
Railroad unemployment tax receipts 1
6,404
1,531
118
2,289
371
37
9,431
1,900
183
12,029
2,800
217
Total unemployment insurance
8,054
2,698
11,514
15,046
Individual income taxes:
Withheld
Other
Proposed legislation
Corporation income taxes
Proposed legislation
Refunds
.
Net corporation income taxes
Social insurance taxes and contributions (trust funds):
Employment taxes and contributions:
Old-age and survivors insurance
Proposed legislation
Disability insurance
Proposed legislation
Hospital insurance
Proposed legislation
Railroad retirement
Proposed legislation
Total employment taxes and contributions
Contributions for other insurance and retirement:
Supplementary medical insurance
Federal employees' retirement—employee contributions
Other retirement contributions 2
1,937
539
2,180
2,374
2,760
54
707
13
2,944
56
2,958
56
Total contributions for other insurance and
retirement
4,752
1,259
5,180
5,388
Total social insurance taxes and contributions. _
92,714
25,760
108,883
126,068
Excise taxes:
Federal funds:
Alcohol taxes:
Distilled spirits
Beer
Rectification tax
Wines
Special taxes in connection with liquor occupations
Refunds
3,882
1,330
29
172
848
391
22
35
4,051
1,431
32
172
4,199
1,502
34
171
15
-110
10
-27
20
115
21
117
5,318
1,279
5,591
5,810
Total alcohol taxes...
See footnotes at end of table.
386
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Table 12. BUDGET RECEIPTS BY SOURCE (in millions of dollars)—Continued
Source
Excise taxes—Continued
Federal funds—Continued
Tobacco taxes:
Cigarettes
Cigars
Cigarette papers and tubes
Other
_
Refunds
_
_
1976
_
._
_
_
_
Total tobacco taxes.
Manufacturers' excise taxes:
Gasoline. _ _
_
Firearms, shells, and cartridges.
Fishing rods, creels, etc
Pistols and revolvers
Bows and arrows
Other_
Refunds
Total manufacturers' excise taxes_
Miscellaneous excise taxes:
General and toll telephone and teletype service.
Wagering taxes, including occupational taxes. __
Sugar tax
Coin-operated gaming devices
Interest equalization tax
Tax on foundations
Proposed legislation.
___
Foreign insurance policies
Other
Refunds
Total miscellaneous excise taxes
Undistributed Federal tax deposits and unapplied collections
__
Total Federal fund excise taxes
Trust funds:
Highway:
Gasoline.
Trucks, buses, and trailers
Tires, innertubes, and tread rubber.
Diesel fuel used on highways
Use-tax on certain vehicles
Truck parts and accessories
Lubricating oils
Refunds
Total highway trust fund
See footnotes at end of table.
TQ
1977
1978
actual
actual
estimate
estimate
2.435
5
0
1
2
_4
_
60
1
1
2
*
1
-1
2.527
4
9
2
2
-5
2.648
48
2
2
-5
2,484
622
2,575
2,695
3
1
5
4
2
0
1
2
5
1
-7
8
1
5
7
4
1
3
3
6
6
2
5
1
4
6
3
4
7
4
28
1
6
6
-7
-10
-10
15
1
2
9
14
3
18
4
1,837
6
2
9
6
1
6
2
53
4
2
*
5
1
2
1,805
7
1,672
7
8
8
5
6
2
5
1
-20
8
*
-10
2
9
1
-16
5
5
-28
3
4
1
-17
1,948
51
5
1,890
1,732
77
4
4
0
-115
10,612
2 50
,2
10,075
10,385
3.997
29
1
54
9
37
4
29
0
16
1
8
3
-152
1.110
5
0
25
2
16
1
10
1
3
9
2
6
-1
4,395
57
8
81
3
47
5
24
5
11
5
19
1
-134
4,549
57
4
86
6
49
8
25
6
16
6
13
2
-148
5,413
1,676
6,660
6,857
387
SUMMARY TABLES
Table 12. BUDGET RECEIPTS BY SOURCE (in millions of dollars)—Continued
Source
Excise taxes—Continued
Trust funds—Continued
Airport and airway:
Transportation of persons. __
Waybill tax
_
Tax on fuels
International departure tax_
Aircraft registration fees
Tires and innertubes
Refunds
Total airport and airway trust fund.
Total trust fund excise taxes
TQ
actual
1976
actual
777
42
52
47
2
1
1
-2
225
14
14
1
6
8
*
1
938
277
1977
estimate
974
64
74
54
26
1
-2
1978
estimate
1,040
66
79
59
28
1
-2
1,191
1,271
Customs duties
7,851
8,128
16,963
4,473
17,926
18,513
1,455
5,907
5,806
4,074
Estate and gift taxes
1,953
5,216
Total excise taxes _
6,351
1,212
4,713
5,262
209
61
222
~5,~451~
,"500
6,666
227
80
6,400
54
31
83
65
36
56
33
73
100
38
55
56
9
*
3
Miscellaneous receipts:
Miscellaneous taxes. _
_
_
Proposed legislation
Deposit of earnings, Federal Reserve System
Fees for permits and regulatory and judicial services:
Immigration, passport, and consular fees
Patent and copyright fees
Registration and filing fees
Import fees on crude oil and petroleum products..
Miscellaneous fees for permits, licenses, etc
Miscellaneous fees for regulatory and judicial services
___
Proposed legislation
_
_
Fees for legal and judicial services
_
Total fees for permits and regulatory and judicial
services
__
Fines, penalties, and forfeitures.
Proposed legislation
War reparations and recoveries under military occupation
_
Gifts and contributions
Refunds
Total miscellaneous receipts.
Total budget receipts
MEMORANDUM
Federal funds
Trust funds
Interfund transactions
51
28
144
1,890
28
13
10
22
-50
7
45
*
2,186
11
323
365
94
32
99
211
101
65
22
-2
1
5
_*
4
58
4
64
8,026
1,612
6,915
7,241
300,005
81,773
354,045
393,017
54,085 237,405
32,071
153,558
-4,383 -36,918
258,926
170,515
-36,425
201,099
133,695
—34, 789
> million; 1Q, $8 million; 19//, $/^ million; and 1^/8, $/V million.
Note.—Estimates for 1977 and 1978 include effects of proposed legislation.
388
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 78
Table 13. OFFSETTING RECEIPTS BY TYPE
Type
(in millions of dollars)
TQ
1976
1977
1978
INTRAGOVERNMENTAL TRANSACTIONS
Intrabudgetary transactions:
Federal intrafund transactions:
1,431
43
411
27
1,787
41
1,912
42
1,473
438
1,828
1,955
5
2
1,319
11
1,577
1
1,244
2
1,330
1,578
2,717
440
3,159
3,533
2
625
1
236
622
5.053
803
250
7.423
3.851
48
228
656
6,351
583
250
7,036
1,800
51
6.355
161
1.664
20
6,655
205
6,855
214
23.564
3,190
25,145
24,024
187
5
33
165
185
192
33
165
185
23,756
3,223
25,310
24,209
2,080
592
2,219
2,228
1,138
15
294
4
1.170
18
1,310
19
3.233
890
3.407
3,557
7.800
270
8,201
8.659
Total interfunds undistributed by agency
and function
11.033
1,160
11,608
12,216
Total interfund transactions
34,789
4,383
36.918
36,425
37.506
4.823
40,077
39,958
Interest on Government capital in enterprises
Other..
__
Total Federal intrafunds
Trust intrafund transactions:
l
Railroad retirement/social security
Other
1,239
Total trust intrafunds
Total intrafund transactions __
. _
Interfund transactions:
Distributed by agency and function:
Federal fund payments to trust funds:
Contributions to insurance programs:
Old-age and survivors insurance
Military service credits, various pro grams. _
Supplementary medical insurance
Hospital insurance
Railroad dual benefits
Supplementary retirement contributions
Unemployment insurance
Other. _
Miscellaneous contributions:
State and local government fiscal assistance.
Other..
Subtotal
Trust fund payments to Federal funds:
Charges for services to trust funds
Other
Subtotal
Total interfunds distributed by agency and
function
_
268
295
2,939
610
250
4,805
7.878
2
878
Undistributed by agency and function:
Employer share, employee retirement:
Civil service retirement and disability insurance.....
Old-age, survivors, disability, and hospital
insurance (contribution as employer) 2
Other Federal employees retirement
_
Total employer share, employee retirement.
Interest received by trust funds
Total intrabudgetary transactions
See footnotes at end of table.
_
SUMMARY TABLES
389
Table 13. OFFSETTING RECEIPTS BY TYPE (in millions of dollars)—Continued
Type
1976
TQ
actual
actual
1977
1978
estimate
estimate
INTRAGOVERNMENTAL TRANSACTIONS—Con.
Receipts from off-budget Federal entities:
Distributed by agency and function:
Interest on loans to Government-owned enterprises
909
354
2,054
2,772
1,009
95
1,185
1,113
Total receipts from off-budget Federal entities.
1,918
449
3,239
3,885
Total intragovernmental transactions. _ _ _
39,424
5,272
43,316
43,843
Undistributed by agency and function:
Employer share, employee retirement
PROPRIETARY RECEIPTS FROM THE PUBLIC
Distributed by agency and function:
Interest:
Interest on loans, Foreign Assistance Act
Interest on foreign military credit sales
Interest on loans to United Kingdom._
Other interest on foreign loans and deferred
foreign collections
Interest on rural electrification loans
Other interest (domestic—civil) 34
Other interest (domestic—national defense)
187
78
59
87
29
245
100
58
265
95
56
26
2
163
10
3
2
102
1
13
3
141
10
13
3
152
10
525
225
571
594
*
12
2
2
13
71
21
9
7
*
15
79
21
16
67
21
105
16
114
104
_
380
69
375
513
Sale of products:
Sale of timber and other natural land products 3 ..
Sale of power and other utilities
Sale of other products
Recovery of mint manufacturing expense
633
292
59
41
289
88
15
10
755
717
36
43
859
889
29
46
1,025
403
1,552
1,823
458
390
148
127
498
439
521
502
848
275
936
1,024
Total interest
Dividends and other earnings
Rents:
Rent and bonuses from land leases for resource
exploration and extraction
_
Rent of land and other real property 8
Rent of equipment and other personal property.Total rents
Royalties
3
Total sale of products
Fees and other charges for services and special
benefits:
Veterans life insurance (trust funds)
Other 3
Total fees and other charges
See footnotes at end of table.
240-000 O - 77 - 26
390
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Table 13. OFFSETTING RECEIPTS BY TYPE (in millions of dollars)—Continued
Type
1976
actual
TQ
actual
1977
estimate
1978
estimate
PROPRIETARY RECEIPTS FROM THE
PUBLIC—Continued
Distributed by agency and function—Continued
Sale of Government property:
Sale of land and other real property 8
Sale of equipment and other personal property:
Sale from the stockpile of strategic and critical
materials
Military assistance program sales (trust fund)__
Other
Profit on the sale of gold
Sale of scrap and salvage material 3
31
16
47
45
160
7,257
20
62
63
2,539
3
1
124
8,800
33
290
8,800
7
13
*
1
1
7,542
2,623
9,005
9,143
Realization upon loans and investments:
Dollar repayments of loans, Agency for International Development
_
Foreign military credit sales
Dollar conversion of foreign currency
Repayment of loans to United Kingdom
Other
201
128
95
71
193
100
71
15
61
283
206
85
73
227
300
208
85
74
166
Total realization upon loans and investments. _
688
247
874
834
113
96
112
112
9
-7
*
*
11,235
3,960
13,542
14,149
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental Shelf:
Rents and bonuses
__
Royalties- _ _
1,662
1,001
1,132
179
1,900
700
2,300
800
Total proprietary receipts from the public
undistributed by agency and function
2,662
1.311
2,600
3,100
13,898
5,271
16,142
17,249
53,321
10,543
59,458
61,092
Total sale of property
Recoveries and refunds
_
3
Deposits in clearing accounts
Total proprietary receipts from the public distributed by agency and function
Undistributed by agency and function:
Total proprietary receipts from the public
Total off setting receipts
5
•$500 thousand or less.
1
Interchange receipts between the social security and railroad retirement funds place the social
security funds in the same position they would have been if there were no separate railroad retirement
system. Interchange receipts between Federal retirement funds occur when an employee transfers
from coverage by one system to coverage by another system.
2
Includes provision for covered Federal civilian employees and military personnel.
3 Includes both Federal funds and trust funds.
* Includes $62 million in 1 976 and $3 million in the transition quarter arising from interest on public
debt securities by funds held in escrow.
5
Consists of:
1977
1978
TQ
1976
estiestiactual
actual
mate
mate
6,427
2,414
7,404
5,767
Federal funds.
Trust funds
9,845
8,131
2,857
9,715
SUMMARY TABLES
391
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY
(In millions of dollars)
1977
050
1978
1979
26,193
9,036
34,168
35,143
11,980
1,376
1,600
2,384
-176
26,254
9,706
35,573
39,014
12,971
4,210
1,825
4,826
-107
NATIONAL DEFENSE
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military personnel
Retired military personnel
Operation and maintenance
__
Procurement
Research, development, test, and evaluation.
Military construction
Other i
Allowances
Deductions for offsetting receipts
052 Military assistance:
Funds appropriated to the President»
Deductions for offsetting receipts.
6,585
1,943
7,638
4,135
2,406
76
302
26,210
8,238
32,175
27,672
10,478
2,147
1,515
-155
5
-176
95,712
Total 051
25,430
7,326
28,848
20,991
9,451
2,360
1,461
23,089
13,997
1,306
-7,476 -2,653
6,521
Total 052..
053 Atomic energy defense activities:
Energy Research and Development Administration
108,260 121,704 134,272
7,494
-9,111
7,892
-9,110
7,423
-8,615
- 1 , 347 - 1 ,617 -1,218 - 1 , 192
459
1.935
2,380
2, 415
16
054 Defense-related activities:
General Services Administration
Other independent agencies:
Central Intelligence Agency
Intelligence Community Oversight..
Renegotiation Board
Selective Service System._
_
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts _
1,682
4
17
239
319
28
10
8
35
10
6
6
42
11
6
6
6
38
1
_
1
7
6
-162
-64
-124
-290
-329
-101
-52
-55
7
56
-3
1
-3
-3
-3
.._
103,811
22,149
108,520
122,871
135,548
Foreign economic and financial assistance:
Funds appropriated to the President 1
Department of Agriculture
.j
Department of State
*
Department of Transportation *
Other independent agencies: ACTION * _ . . .
Deductions for offsetting receipts
3,899
1,090
31
8
82
—12
543
146
1
1
24
-3
4,482
1.169
5,238
5,041
1,049
33
6
81
-12
923
25
7
68
-11
5,097
713
5,761
6,250
Total 054
Deductions for offsetting receipts
2
Total national defense
150
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
151
Total 151
See footnotes at end of table.
25
37
65
-11
6,207
392
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
38
5
2
1
1.112
2
1
1,213
2
1
1,269
3
*
3
-2
12
1
12
-105
13
1
12
-115
14
1
12
-124
782
362
1,053
1,146 1,193
68
12
75
83
90
64
18
53
59
62
36
273
-18
_
73
-*
264
-*
1
277
-*
1
303
-*
423
103
392
420
456
300
130
120
150 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS-Con.
152
Conduct of foreign affairs:
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of State *
Other independent agencies:
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency..
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission ___
International Trade Commission
Deductions for offsetting receipts
__
Total 152
17
796
12
1
10
—55
153 Foreign information and exchange activities:
Department of S t a t e d .
Other independent agencies:
Board for International Broadcasting
Japan-United States Friendship Commission !
_
_
_
United States Information Agency!
Deductions for offsetting receipts....
_
Total 153
155
_
-
International financial programs:
Funds appropriated to the President
Other independent agencies: Export-Import
Bank..._
-
Deductions for offsetting receipts _.
250
GENERAL SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY
251
._
1,274
1,622
2,242
—20
—20
—20
364
1,554
1,732
2,342
-446
2
384
—20
708
Total 155
728
—20
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total international affairs
_
-160
-512
-527
-579
6,564
1,382
8,247
9,021
9,619
SPACE, AND
General science and basic research:
Energy Research and Development Administration...
Other independent agencies:
National Science Foundation x
Smithsonian Institution l
320
76
372
429
410
717
2
779
2
889
2
937
2
1,039
169
1
26
4
1,153
1,320
1,349
253 Space flight:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1,957
56
0
2,039
2,182
2,222
254 Space science, applications, and technology:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
944
25
5
99
4
1,024
1,241
Total 251.
See footnotes at end of table.
SUMMARY TABLES
393
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
1976
TQ
1977
1978
1979
250 GENERAL SCIENCE, SPACE, AND
TECHNOLOGY—Continued
255 Supporting space activities:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration i
327
88
Deductions for off setting receipts
—1
—*
36
2
Total 255
Deductions for offsetting receipts 2
Total general science, space, and technology
3C0 NATURAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND ENERGY
301 Water resources and power:
Department of Agriculture1
Department of Defense—Civil!
Department of the Interior *
Department of State
Other independent agencies:
Delaware River Basin Commission
Susquehanna River Basin Commission
Tennessee Valley Authority
Water Resources Council *
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 301...
302 Conservation and land management:
Department of Agriculture *
Department of Commerce
Department of the Interior 1
Department of State.
Other independent agencies: Marine Mammal Commission
Deductions for offsetting receipts.. _
Total 3 0 2 . . . . .
303 Recreational resources:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Defense—Civil
Department of the Interior 1
Other independent agencies:
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 303
See footnotes at end of table.
357
391
437
8
8
37
5
31
9
47
3
-3
-1
-2
-2
-2
4,262
1,095
4,496
4 95
,1
5,248
239
2,216
674
15
45
671
397
3
188
2,519
1,004
12
166
2,667
905
26
162
2,669
909
23
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
10,100
15
-293
31
4
-80
126
19
-340
132
*
*
132
-338
-338
12,966
1,070
3,528
3,558
3,558
1,275
18
289
5
32
6
5
11
1
2
1,542
3
5
38
3
6
1,458
4
5
34
7
6
1,466
5
6
44
1
6
-385
1
-58
*
-527
1
1
-495
1
-494
1,202
422
1,396
1,388
1,448
3
2
872
2
*
12
9
2
3
2,075
4
7
1,386
4
5
1,565
1
1
2
*
—2
*
—1
—2
—2
—2
875
194
2,079
1,396
1,573
394
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
300 NATURAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND ENERGY—Continued
304 Pollution control and abatement:
Department of the Interior
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency 1
Other independent agencies:
Interstate Commission on the Potomac
River Basin
__
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total305
_
306 Other natural resources:
Department of Commerce 1
Department of the Interior i
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 3 0 6 . . . .
2
Deductions for offsetting receipts ...
Total natural resources, environment, and
energy
350 AGRICULTURE
351 Farm income stabilization:
Department of Agriculture i
352 Agricultural research and services:
Department of Agriculture !
Deductions for offsetting receipts...
Total 352
Deductions for offsetting receipts 2 .
Total agriculture
See footnotes at end of table.
8
5,206
9
5,207
*
*
*
*
*
*
18
6
17 2
,8
5,215
525
,1
24
21
62
15
5
15
806
22
66
561
23
63
694
23
63
2,514
101
729
21
4,083
96
5,031
96
5,496
96
_
466
37
217
-*
__
33
9
52
-12
275
43
249
-401
42
1,802
43
292
-561
55
809
43
336
-695
3,441
867
5,240
7,392
6,922
145
103
-4
593
472
-11
606
551
—11
597
573
-11
921
_
18
1,764
516
415
-10
305 Energy:
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of Agriculture
Department of the Interior
Energy Research and Development Administration i
Environmental Protection Agency
Other independent agencies:
Energy Independence Authority
Federal Energy Administration
Federal Power Commission
Nuclear Regulatory Commission....
Deductions for offsetting receipts
_.
*
1
168
64
8
Total 304
*
13
671
245
1,055
1,146
1,159
-807
-359
-800
-997 -1,045
19,283
2,607
14,279
19,098
18,830
3,158
63
591
1,588
1,338
1,039
-48
258
-13
1,128
-49
1,193
-49
1,216
-49
91
9
25
4
1,144
7
1
1,079
_2
-3
1,167
3
4,157
4,157
39
0
1,668
2,729
2,502
SUMMARY TABLES
395
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
400
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION
401 Mortgage credit and thrift insurance:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Housing and Urban Development
138
5
192
328
362
6,275
211
1,027
1,125
735
_.
6,413
216
1,219
1,453
1,096
402 Postal Service:
Other independent agencies: Postal Service..
1,708
TotaI401_
Other advancement and regulation of
commerce:
Legislative branch
Department of Commerce 1
Department of Housing and Urban Development
.--- — :
General Services Administration
Other independent agencies:
Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Trade C o m m i s s i o n . . . . . . .
National Center for Productivity and
Quality of Working L i f e . . .
Securities and Exchange Commission
Small Business Administration...
_.
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting r e c e i p t s . . .
_
934
2,272
1,472
1,435
403
2
106
6
1
1
*
]]
51
47
3
13
13
2
49
318
1
—23
*
11
448
12
476
13
595
1
7
1
7
1
13
57
55
13
60
60
13
60
60
57
698
8
3
5
13
10
*
—7
57
632
2
—24
58
603
*
—25
—25
879
154
1,262
1,270
1,479
7,209
3,731
5,224
8,976
10,091
100
67
522
27
14
965
116
62
12
37
62
435
19
60
143
7,898
Total403
404
7
408
4,736
5,414
9,511
10,314
1,928
951
2,565
2,710
2,860
325
83
379
423
488
84
23
99
93
96
2,337
1.056
3,043
3,226
3,444
531
1,093
110
280
430
1,286
396
1,336
266
1,382
8
-*
2
-*
9
-1
9
-*
9
~*
1.631
392
1,724
1,740
1,656
Ground transportation:
Department of Transportation 1
Other independent agencies:
Washington Area Metropolitan Transit
Authority
Interstate Commerce Commission
U.S. Railway Association
Total404
405 Air transportation:
Department of Transportation i
......
National Aeronautics and Space Administration..
__......._.._
Other independent agencies: Civil Aeronautics Board
_
Total 405
_
_...
406 Water transportation:
Department of Commerce^...
Department of Transportation i
Other independent agencies: Federal Maritime Commission
_
Deductions for offsetting receipts..
Total406
_.
See footnotes at end of table.
396
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
400 COMMERCE AND
TION—Continued
407
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
TRANSPORTA-
Other transportation:
Department of Transportation
Other independent agencies:
National Transportation Safety Board
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
452 Area and regional development:
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce *
Department of the Interior *
Other independent agencies:
Appalachian Regional Commissionl
Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning
Commission for Alaska 2
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 452
453 Disaster relief and insurance:
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of Agriculture
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Other independent agencies: Small Business
Administration
Total 453
Deductions for offsetting receipts
2
Total community and regional development
See footnotes at end of table.
11
3
14
1
15
1
15
19
81
90
89
-12
-43
-67
-65
20,890
7,496
14,974
18,694
19,447
250
9
38
2
200
17
50
14
50
15
2,746
68
3,860
3,812
3,707
13
0
2
1
109
95
87
520
211
2
130
*
512
102
2
398
161
2
398
127
2
1
*
30
21
46
259
4,833
4,554
4,432
311
318
514
637
12
136
128
165
118
365
2,600
736
298
352
463
778
308
347
480
794
5
1
6
6
6
1
-239
-239
*
-91
1
-111
1
-277
1
-312
352
3,548
1,622
1,623
150
10
38
2
200
10
150
10
150
10
75
1
9
82
118
149
10
0
1
90
20
96
335
Total451
75
1,546
450 COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
451 Community development:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Other independent agencies:
ACTION
Commission on Fine Arts
Community Services Administration l
District of Columbia
National Capital Planning Commission.__
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation
74
3,842
Total commerce and transportation
67
-52
2
16
74
Total407
63
60
383
298
405
-15
-19
-33
-39
-42
5,708
653
8,731
6,434
6,418
SUMMARY TABLES
397
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
4,846
243
2,868
79
5,953
256
5,177
266
5,374
280
5,089
2,947
6,209
5.443
5,654
3,688
185
2,950
2.816
3,019
-19
-5
2,816
3
,019
500 EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL SERVICES
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational
education:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of the Interior
Total 501
502 Higher education:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies: Harry S.
Truman Scholarship Foundation *
Total 502
503 Research and general education aids:
Legislative branch 1
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare 1
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies:
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
National Commission on Libraries and
Information Science
National Foundation on the Arts and the
Humanities l
Smithsonian Institution
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 503
504 Training and employment:
Department of Commerce
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
.
Department of Labor *___
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 504
505 Other labor services:
Department of Labor l
Other independent agencies:
Committee for Purchase from the Blind
and Other Severely Handicapped
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
National Labor Relations Board
National Mediation Board
Total 505
See footnotes at end of table.
20
10 _
3,680
10
0
15
180
2,985
24
16
1
14
4
16
4
21
1
548
417
416
78
1
8
13
0
17
0
10
2
*
*
4
1
1
180
100
-10
60
27
-2
253
112
-10
294
121
-10
300
121
-10
75
6
338
1.125
1,074
1,095
310
7 _
374
400
80
370
344
344
6,490
759
6,494
3,931
3,924
—*
*
7,264
839
6,864
4,275
4,268
237
59
277
305
309
*
*
*
*
*
1
8
70
3
5
1
8
1
2
1
8
1
4
22
89
4
22
92
4
329
82
383
420
427
398
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 78
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
500
1976
TQ
1977
1978
1979
4,197
3,940
4,008
3
5
5
EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL SERVICES—
Continued
506 Social services:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Total 506
Deductions for offsetting receipts
935
4,095
935
4,200
3,945
4,013
—5
-—1
—5
—6
—5
21,217
5,321
21,762
17,967
18.471
32,463
8,448
41,257
36,303
40,688
348
-3,598
99
-878
452
-5,997
506
-7,077
596
- 7 , 500
29,214
7,669
35,712
29,733
33,784
2,981
555
3,188
2,439
2,400
228
63
241
242
242
612
84
117
103
21
29
553
98
130
341
106
135
341
111
135
40
10
40
40
40
6
1
7
7
1,087
231
1,069
871
876
378
—2
53
—1
394
—1
1,210
—1
1,236
—1
376
2
Total education, training, employment,
and social services
550
4,095
52
393
1,208
1,235
13,172
13,830
HEALTH
551 Health care services:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare 1
Other independent agencies: Civil Service
Commission 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total551
552 Health research and education:
Department of Health, Education,
Welfare
and
553 Prevention and control of health problems:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of the Interior
Department of L a b o r . . .
Other independent agencies:
Consumer Product Safety Commission. _.
Occupational Safety and Health Review
Commission
Total 553
554 Health planning and construction:
Department of Health, Education,
Welfare 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
6
and
Total 554
555 General health financing assistance:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Totalhealth
See footnotes at end of table.
2
—8
—1
—8
—8
—8
33,649
8,505
40,354
47,416
52,118
SUMMARY TABLES
399
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
1976
TQ
1977
18,592
6
82,684
33
1978
1979
600 INCOME SECURITY
601 General retirement and disability insurance:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare 1
72,197
Department of Labor 1 --..
26
Other independent agencies: Railroad Retirement Board i
3,485
Deductions for offsetting receipts
-2,004
Total 601
73,705
602 Federal employee retirement and disability:
Legislative branch
,
The Judiciary *
Department of Labor
Department of State
.
.
Other independent agencies: Civil Service
Commission
Deductions for offsetting receipts
374
3,914
4,169
4,004
- * -2,286 -2,568 -2,435
18,972
603 Unemployment insurance:
Department of Labor x
Deductions for offsetting receipts
*
84,345
Total 603
*
108,027
2
276
97
1
75
11
64
307
159
2
292
161
*
2
330
171
13,099
-4
1,480
-1
16,472
-87
16,482
-50
17,903
-50
1,565
16.916
16,888
18,357
3,350 21,013 17,761
- 6 2 5 -3,851 - 1 , 8 0 0
17,477
-3,000
21,111
-7,878
*
93,513
13,470
Total 602
*
13,233
Total 604
2
Total income security
2,725
17,162
15,961
14,477
7,737
1,966
8,160
6,700
7,241
11,626
3.131
12,449
12,476
12,843
19,405
808
107
86
15,512
856
24,598
24,954
38
10
40
50
30
39,613
604 Public assistance and other income
supplements:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare1
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies: Railroad Retirement Board
Deductions for offsetting receipts
91,881 106,426
31
32
5.300
37,017
43.825
45,069
-1
-*
-*
-*
—*
140,019
28,562
155,440 170,186
185,930
9,145
-460
2,299
-149
9,954
-500
10,071
-523
9,932
-512
8,685
2,150
9,454
9,548
9,420
700 VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES
701 Income security for veterans:
Veterans Administration 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 701
See footnotes at end of table.
400
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
700
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
6,015
1,159
3,990
—6
2,751
—31
3,111
—54
1,159
3,984
2,720
3,057
4,436
1,092
5,077
5,319
5,489
21
5
*
122
SERV-
702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation:
Veterans Administration 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 702
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans:
Veterans Administration
705 Other veterans benefits and services:
Department of Defense—Civil1
Department of the Treasury
Veterans Administration 1
Other independent agencies: American Battle
Monuments Commissionx
517
22
*
22
*
*
534
587
22
*
589
2
Total veterans benefits and services
2
6
6
6
—*
—1
—2
—2
544
Total 705
5
—*
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Deductions for offsetting receipts
TQ
act.
6,015
VETERANS BENEFITS AND
ICES—Continued
1976
act.
129
561
614
615
—2
—1
—2
—2
—2
19,678
4,529
19,073
18,199
18,580
21
5
23
27
28
25
7
30
33
33
12
1,129
569
3
297
151
12
1,246
609
15
1,300
660
15
1,302
664
8
1
2
64
92
1
750 LAW ENFORCEMENT AND JUSTICE
751
Federal law enforcement and prosecution:
The Judiciary i
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Justice
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies:
Administrative Conference of the United
States
Commission on Civil Rights
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Legal Services Corporation
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 751
752
*
10
1
11
1
1
10
19
25
*
71
125
*
74
90
74
90
—2
—1
—2
—2
—2
1,920
508
2,125
2,209
2,215
7
322
2
82
7
368
8
414
8
438
1
*
2
2
331
84
377
423
Federal judicial activities:
Legislative branch
The Judiciary
Other independent agencies: Indian Claims
Commission
Total 752
See footnotes at end of table.
446
SUMMARY TABLES
401
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
TQ
1976
750 LAW ENFORCEMENT
TICE—Continued
1978
1977
1979
AND JUS-
753
Federal correctional and rehabilitative
activities:
Department of Justice *___ _ _
Deductions for offsetting receipts 2 _ _ _
_. _
Total law enforcement and justice _
800
__
63
329
336
393
810
754 Law enforcement assistance:
Department of Justice. _ __
240
205
759
714
715
-4
-31
-6
-6
-6
3,297
829
3,584
3,677
3,762
780
-1
188
_*
806
-1
838
-1
847
-1
779
188
805
837
846
69
1
*
18
*
*
75
1
3
11
1
1
72
1
1
71
18
79
74
74
2,006
-193
507
-34
2,160
-170
2,320
-190
2,329
-190
1,813
473
1,990
2,130
2,139
347
4
*
78
2
350
5
339
340
352
80
355
339
340
*
4,849
*
25
-4,750
_*
99
25
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
801 Legislative functions:
Legislative branch 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 801
802 Executive direction and management:
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President
General Services Administration _
Total 802
803 Central fiscal operations:
Department of the Treasury 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 803
804
General property and records management:
General Services Administration 1
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts.
Total 804
805 Central personnel management:
Other independent agencies:
Advisory Committee on Federal Pay
Civil Service Commission
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts _
Total 805 _
See footnotes at end of table.
*
*
*
8,055
7,034
7,396
*
-7,287 -6,921 -7,943
109
113
113
402
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 78
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
1977
1978
1979
est.
TQ
act.
est.
est.
800 GENERAL GOVERNMENT—Continued
806 Other general government:
Legislative branch
The Judiciary
Department of Defense—Civil
Department of the Interior *
Department of the Treasury l
General Services Administration
Other independent agencies:
Civil Service Commission
Federal Election Commission
American Revolution Bicentennial Administration 1
Other historical and memorial agencies1 __
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations 1
Other temporary commissions
National Commission on the Observance
of International Women's Year 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
47
65
214
17
128
69
200
254
3
74
274
258
3
74
260
209
3
15
5
4
1
15
6
28
10
4
45
2
62
210
171
3
30
2
25
13
5
-28
-6
532
177
-52
-145
-152
549
563
638
-69
-184
-152
-152
892
3,705
3,904
3,997
12,713
3,328
—6, 360 — 1,664
13,315
-6,655
13,715
-6,855
13,715
-6,855
6,353
1,664
6,661
6,860
6,860
89
4
198
2,638
10
1
147
398
50
5
266
1,269
191
4
392
1,328
208
5
426
922
295
5
*
-40
83
323
318
300
*
-78
*
-20
Total 852_
3,189
737
1,835
2,214
1,862
Total revenue sharing and general purpose
fiscal assistance
9,542
2,402
8,496
9,074
8,722
37,063
8,102
42,000
44,600
47,300
Total 806
Deductions for offsetting receipts '
-272
Total general government
3, 372
850 REVENUE SHARING AND GENERAL
PURPOSE FISCAL ASSISTANCE
851
General revenue sharing:
Department of the Treasury *
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 851
852 Other general purpose fiscal assistance:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Defense—Civil
Department of the Interior
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies:
District of Columbia
Federal Energy Administration
Federal Power Commission
Deductions for offsetting receipts
900 INTEREST
901 Interest on the public debt:
Department of the Treasury
See footnotes at end of table.
-SUMMARY TABLES
403
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
1978
1979
est.
est.
est.
900 INTEREST—Continued
902 Other interest:
Department of the Treasury
General Services Administration
Deductions for offsetting receipts
303
1
-2,776
Total interest
288
308
308
1
- 9 6 0 - 4 , 3 0 2 - 5 , 173 - 5 , 1 8 9
-2,472
Total 902
- 8 5 7 -4,013
34.591
103
7,244
-4,866
-4,881
39,734
42,419
37,987
Allowances for:
Civilian agency pay raises
1,199
Contingencies for:
Relatively uncontrollable programs
Other requirements
0
1,750
Undistributed offsetting receipts:
Employer share, employee retirement:
Interfund transactions
-3,233
Receipts from off-budget Federal entities._. - 1 , 0 0 9
Interest received by trust funds
-7,800
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental
Shelf
-2,662
Total budget authority
3
415,336
- 8 9 0 -3,407
- 9 5 -1,185
- 2 7 0 -8,201
-1,311
-2,600
2,311
0
2,000
-3,557
-1,113
-8,659
-3,924
-1,183
-9,700
-3,100
-2,500
91,409 435,925 480,440 518,615
Budget authority for off-budget Federal entities:
300 NATURAL RESOURCES,
MENT AND ENERGY
ENVIRON-
305 Energy:
Department of Agriculture
Energy Independence Authority
Total natural resources, environment, and
energy
1,000
25
83,000
1,000
25
83,000
400 COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION
401 Mortgage credit and thrift insurance:
Department of Housing and Urban Development
750
404 Ground transportation:
Other independent agencies: United States
Railway Association
-1,225
Total commerce and transportation
See footnotes at end of table
—475
750
750
750
120
870
750
750
404
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 78
Table 14. BUDGET AUTHORITY BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY—Continued
(In millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
Budget authority for off-budget entities-- Continued
450 COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
452 Area and regional developmentDepartment of Agriculture
800 GENERAL
89
17
136
125
116
GOVERNMENT
807 Federal Financing Bank:
Department of the Treasury
Budget authority, off-budget Federal entities
8,946
9,561
Budget authority including off-budget Federal entities
424,896
3,471
3,488
12,154
13,186
9,963
93,838
10J61
11,327
94,897 449,111 574,278 529,942
*$500 thousand or less.
Includes both Federal and trust funds.
Excludes offsetting receipts which have been distributed by subfunction above.
Consists of:
1976
TQ
1977
act.
act.
est.
Federalfunds
312,693
63,012
325,560
Trust funds
137,432
32,780
147,282
Interfund transactions
-34,789 -4,383
-36,918
1
2
3
1978
est.
349,065
167,800
-36,425
SUMMARY TABLED
405
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)
Function and department or other unit
050
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
26,005
9,035
33,539
23, 786
11,350
2,046
1,623
2,315
-176
1979
est.
NATIONAL DEFENSE
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military personnel
Retired military personnel
Operation and maintenance
Procurement
Research, development, test, and evaluation,
Military construction
Other 1
Allowances
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 051
052 Military assistance:
Funds appropriated to the President 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 052
053 Atomic energy defense activities:
Energy Research and Development Administration
054 Defense-related activities:
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
:-.--—.
General Services Administration
Other independent agencies:
Central Intelligence Agency
Intelligence Community Oversight
Renegotiation Board
Selective Service System
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 054
Deductions for offsetting receipts 2
Total national defense
150
1976
act.
25,064
7,296
27, 902
15,964
8, 923
2,019
1.025
6.358
1,947
7.261
3.766
2.206
36
7
7
26.212
8.234
31.146
18,710
9,993
2,087
1.844
— 155
5
-176
88,036
21,926
98.050
7,976
-7,476
26,235
9,704
35,242
28,840
12,478
1,951
1,626
4.826
-107
109.523 120,795
2, 837
9,361 9, 687
-2,653 -9,111 -9,110
9, 109
-8,615
501
183
250
577
494
1,565
435
1,829
2,162
2,459
*
16
32
17
235
316
28
9
6
37
1
-162
-103
1
4
*
-64
-27
11
*
-124
-52
35
10
6
6
42
10
6
6
-290
3
-329
52
—3
1
—3
—3
—3
—2
89,996
22,518
6
100,075
112,262
123,798
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
151 Foreign economic and financial assistance:
Funds appropriated to the President l
Department of Agriculture
Department of State
Department of Transportation 1
Other independent agencies: ACTION *____
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 151
See footnotes at end of table.
240-000 O - 77 - 27
2,756
693
42
20
69
—12
1,075
48
1
9
4
2
3
^
3,840
1.091
36
1
7
8
7
-12
4,034
1.094
24
9
7
1
-11
4,231
1,051
2
5
26
67
-11
3.568
1,526
5,059
5.221
5,389
406
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
150 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS—Con.
152
Conduct of foreign affairs:
Total 152
153 Foreign information and exchange activities:
Department of State *
Other independent agencies:
Board for International Broadcasting
Japan-United States Friendship CornUnited States Information Agency 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 153
155
1
259
21
1,089
21
1,158
21
1,257
11
1
10
*
12
1
12
*
-105
13
1
12
13
1
12
-55
3
*
2
-2
-115
-124
262
1,030
1,091
1,180
65
2
1
68
80
89
59
2
1
5
5
59
62
18
257
-18
_*
73
_*
1
270
_*
1
282
_*
1
294
_*
382
Deductions for offsetting receipts
16
743
726
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of State J
Other independent agencies:
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. _
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission. __
International Trade Commission
Other temproary commissions
15
1
394
422
446
300
130
120
International financial programs:
Funds appropriated to the President
Other independent agencies: Export Import
Bank
Deductions for offsetting receipts
856
-20
273
-20
899
-20
964
-20
1,091
-20
836
253
1,179
1,074
1,191
-446
-160
-512
-527
-579
5,067
1,997
7,150
7,281
7,627
299
84
339
388
439
733
2
207
*
737
2
825
2
886
2
1 035
,
292
1,077
1,216
1,328
253 Space flight:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2,000
525
2,044
2,156
2,230
254 Space science, applications, and technology:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
980
21
5
960
974
1,205
Total 155
Deductions for offsetting receipts
2
Total international affairs
250 GENERAL SCIENCE, SPACE, AND
TECHNOLOGY
251 General science and basic research:
Energy Research and Development Administration
Other independent agencies:
National Science Foundation !
Smithsonian Institution 1
Total 251
See footnotes at end of table.
407
.SUMMARY TABLES
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
250
GENERAL SCIENCE, SPACE,
TECHNOLOGY—Continued
1976
act.
Total general science, space, and technology
Total 301 _
302 Conservation and land management:
Department of Agriculture x
Department of Commerce
Department of the Interior x
Department of State
Other independent agencies: Marine Mammal Commission
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 302
303 Recreational resources:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Defense—Civil
Department of the Interior 1
Other independent agencies:
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
94
-*
354
381
441
94
354
31
8
41
4
-1
-2
-2
-2
4,370
1,161
4,434
4, 725
5,202
ENVIRON-
301 Water resources and power:
Department of Agriculture 1
Department of Defense—Civil 1
Department of the Interior J
Department of State
Other independent agencies:
Delaware River Basin Commission
Susquehanna River Basin Commission. __
Other temporary commissions
Tennessee Valley Authority
Water Resources Council 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
See footnotes at end of table.
359
-1
-3
Deductions for offsetting receipts 2
Total 303
1979
est.
1978
est.
358
Total 255
NATURAL RESOURCES,
MENT, AND ENERGY
1977
est.
AND
255 Supporting space activities:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration x
Deductions for offsetting receipts
300
TQ
act.
15
8
2,151
545
1
6
54
592
15
7
4
21
6
2,495
1,127
22
15
8
2,648
899
27
13
6
2,654
944
23
*
*
*
980
1
5
-293
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
232
3
-80
1,203
22
-340
1,472
2
-338
1,296
3,600
91
8
4,790
4,895
4,743
1,348
1
3
264
5
453
5
7
5
2
1,620
23
342
5
1,457
38
363
6
1,387
54
398
6
-385
*
-58
1
-527
1
-495
1
-494
1,245
477
1,464
1,370
1,352
3
2
892
1
*
255
3
3
1 233
,
4
6
1,372
4
6
1,504
1
*
-1
1
*
-2
1
*
-2
-2
-2
895
256
1 237
,
1,381
1,512
-338
408
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
*
7
3,052
*
7
1,084
7
5,189
8
5,905
9
6,034
*
7
—*
*
*
—*
*
*
—*
*
*
—*
—*
3,067
1,091
5,196
5.913
6,043
21
51
5
7
327
23
63
1,008
23
64
685
23
68
1,896
66
532
25
3,208
106
3,909
101
4,873
101
136
36
180
-*
39
9
46
-12
510
43
236
-401
42
1,195
43
271
-561
55
1,428
43
311
-695
2,385
649
4.115
6,094
6,892
507
400
-10
132
101
-4
582
476
-11
594
509
-11
604
529
-11
897
229
1.048
1.092
1.122
-807
-359
-800
-997
-1,045
11,282
3,324
17.050
19.747
20,619
1,573
343
1,773
1,188
731
1
—*
—*
1,574
343
1,773
1,188
731
969
-48
253
-13
1.177
-49
1,196
-49
1,212
-49
921
240
1,128
1,147
1,163
7
1
—2
—3
—3
2,502
584
2,899
2,333
1,891
300 NATURAL RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENT, AND ENERGY—Continued
304 Pollution control and abatement:
Department of the Interior
Department of Transportation
Environmental Protection Agency 1
Other independent agencies:
Interstate Commission on the Potomac
River Basin
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 304
305 Energy:
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of Agriculture
Department of the Interior
Energy Research and Development Administration i_
Environmental Protection Agency
Other independent agencies:
Energy Independence Authority
Federal Energy Administration
Federal Power Commission
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 305
306 Other natural resources:
Department of Commerce1
Department of the Interior!
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 306
Deductions for off setting receipts 2
Total natural resources, environment, and
energy
350
AGRICULTURE
351 Farm income stabilization:
Department of Agriculture^
Other independent agencies: Farm Credit
Administration
Total 351
352 Agricultural research and services:
Department of Agriculture!
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 352
Deductions for offsetting receipts2
Total Agriculture
See footnotes at end of table.
SUMMARY TABLES
409
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
1977
act.
1978
est.
1979
est.
est.
400 COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION
401 Mortgage credit and thrift insurance:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Other independent agencies:
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.__
Federal Home Loan Bank Board._.
National Credit Union Administration
Total 401
402 Postal Service:
Other independent agencies: Postal Service403 Other advancement and regulation of
commerce:
Legislative branch
Department of Commerce 1
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of the Treasury 1
General Services Administration
Other independent agencies:
Commodity Futures Trading CommissionEmergency Loan Guarantee Board
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Trade Commission
National Center for Productivity and
Quality of Working Life
Securities and Exchange Commission
Small Business Administration
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 403
404 Ground transportation:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Transportation 1
Other independent agencies:
Washington Area Metropolitan Transit
Authority
Interstate Commerce Commission
Other temporary commissions
United States Railway Association
Total 404
7
See footnotes at end of table.
415
517
1,799
-199
647
635
18
8
-478
-79
—20
133 - 8 6 1
- 1 7 8 -1,420
4 —26
-379
-423
-31
-780
-462
-36
1,229
276 - 2 , 0 9 0
1,720
938
7
415
2
100
11
462
12
475
13
592
1
4
1
2
-22
7
3
1
7
2
1
12
3
1
11
-7
53
44
3
-4
13
11
14
-6
57
54
13
-4
60
58
13
-1
60
61
2
51
307
1
1
12
72
3
58
393
2
6
58
430
*
~~57
517
-7
-24
-25
-25
182
1,036
867
*
754
8,754
1
2,272
217 - 5 7 3
1,472 1,435
1,094 1,302
*
2
2,217
9,125
10,536
11,004
170
52
*
52
13
315
61
179
63
32
59
329
3
614
512
207
9,305
2.284
10,119
11.298
11,307
482
2.395
2,705
2,7 1
5
83
349
392
456
22
99
93
93
405 Air transportation:
Department of Transportation 1
2,133
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
333
Other independent agencies: Civil Aeronautics Board
91
Total 405
516 - 4 2 9
2,557
587
2.843
3,190
3,300
410
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
TQ
1976
400 COMMERCE AND
TI ON—Continued
406
1978
1979
TRANSPORTA-
Water transportation:
Department of Commerce *_
Department of Defense—Civil
Department of Transportation * _ _ _ _
Other independent agencies:
Federal Maritime CommissionOther temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts _
407
673
2
1.203
138
548
-3
1,005
j
278
626
449
1,329
1,378
9
9
9
_*
2
*
_*
-1
*
*
1,558
417
1,885
1,964
1,836
53-
25
68
69
76
11
3
14
1
15
1
15
*
65
28
83
85
91
-52
Total 406
-12
-43
-67
-65
17.248
4.700
16,106
19,252
18,632
75
24
3
163
14
199
20
159
15
3
5
880
3,869
4,145
4,034
25
*
124
80
*
110
*
528
176
2
97
*
448
176
2
87
*
396
127
2
1
*
24
26
33
3,527
1,139
4.892
5,112
4,854
319
238
378
564
74
43
109
163
328
247
1.247
687
326
301
1.269
712
325
308
712
740
6
1
6
6
6
1
-239
*
-91
1
-211
-111
1
-312
1,266
299
2,240
2.339
1,779
8
Other transportation:
Department of Transportation.
Other independent agencies:
National Transportation Safety Board,__
Other temporary commissions
Total 407
Deductions for offsetting receipts 2
Total commerce and transportation
450
1977
COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
451 Community development:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
__ _
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Other independent agencies:
ACTION
..
Commission on Fine Arts
Community Services Administrationl
District of Columbia
National Capital Planning Commission. __
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation__
_
Total 451
452
7
15
2,741
108
*
462
116
2
Area and regional development:
Funds appropriated to the President _
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce1
Department of the Interior 1
Other independent agencies:
Appalachian Regional Commission 1 .__
Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning
Commission for Alaska 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts
_
Total 452. _.
See footnotes at end of table.
1
SUMMARY TABLES
411
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
450
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT—Continued
453 Disaster relief and insurance:
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of Agriculture
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Other independent agencies: Small Business
Administration
Total 453
Deductions for offsetting receipts 2
Total community and regional development
291
11
71
3
300
15
150
15
150
12
90
30
13
7
21
1
265
19
2
6
18
0
8
1
93
522
11
1
596
457
520
-15
-19
-33
-39
-42
5,300
1,530
7,695
7,868
7,111
4,462
22S
1,142
65
4,968
256
5,235
259
5,117
272
4,690
1,207
5,225
5,494
5,389
2,711
714
3,410
2,932
2,890
-49
1
24
26
1
4
r
-1
*
*
-2
*
-2
-1
2,663
739
3,434
2,934
2,890
93
22
116
136
150
359
*
66
*
458
6
488
461
70
26
103
107
120
2
2
2
500 EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL SERVICES
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational
education:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of the Interior
Total 501
502 Higher education:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies:
Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation 1
Other temporary commissions
Total 502
503 Research and general education aids:
Legislative branch *
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare1
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies:
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
National Commission on Libraries and
Information Science
National Foundation on the Arts and the
Humanities *
Smithsonian Institution
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 503
See footnotes at end of table.
*
152
110
-10
44
30
-2
308
118
-10
351
120
-10
309
127
-10
774
16
8
1,100
1,193
1,158
412
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
TQ
1977
1978
1979
act.
500
1976
act.
est.
est.
est.
EDUCATION, TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT, AND SOCIAL SERVICES—
Continued
504 Training and employment:
Department of Commerce
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Department of L a b o r 1 . . . . .
-_
Other independent agencies: Community
Services Administration
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 504
79
129
86
1,747
2
—*
365
6,347
*
344
5,003
2
344
3,924
2
2
*
1,912
6,842
5,349
4,270
506 Social services:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Other independent agencies: Cabinet Committee on Opportunities for Spanish Speaking People
2\2
62
273
301
*
18
68
3
_*
*
4
16
1
*
20
82
4
*
22
88
4
*
22
91
4
31
0
Total 505
307
83
380
45
1
44
2
3,456
887
3.973
4,015
1
*
4,137
4
5
*
3,456
Total 506
2
Total education, training, employment,
and social services
550
307
5,709
6,288
505 Other labor services:
Department of Labor *
Other independent agencies: Committee for
Purchase from the Blind and other Severely
Handicapped.
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service. _
National Labor Relations Board
National Mediation Board
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
269
887
4,138
3,977
4,020
—5
j
-5
-6
-5
18,167
5,013
21,114
19,358
18,146
31,933
8,344
40,010
32,615
35,152
HEALTH
551 Health care services:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare 1
Other independent agencies: Civil Service
Commission^
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 551
552 Health research and education:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
.
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Total 552
See footnotes at end of table.
320
-3,598
91
441
482
573
- 8 7 8 -5,997 -7,077
-7,500
28,655
7,556
34,454
26,020
3,086
934
2,762
2,623
_*
*
3,086
934
28,225
__*
2,762
2,454
_*
_
2,623
2,454
SUMMARY TABLES
413
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
550 HEALTH—Continued
553 Prevention and control of health problems:
Executive Office of the President
Department of Agriculture
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Department of the Interior
Department of Labor
Other independent agencies:
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine
Safety Board of Review
Occupational Safety and Health Review
Commission
Total 554
6
239
241
241
496
84
109
138
21
31
567
102
129
421
105
132
412
108
132
38
10
46
39
46
6
1
7
7
7
251
945
947
754
—*
—2
-19
*
949
1, 323
1, 305
-1
-1
-1
-1
752
554 Health planning and construction:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare *
Department of the Interior
Deductions for offsetting receipts
1
50
963
Total 553
13
217
-20
947
1,322
*
1,096
555 General health financing assistance:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare
Deductions for offsetting receipts
2
Total health
12,302
—8
—1
—8
—8
1,304
13,774
—8
33,448
8,720
39,251
43,205
46,696
601 General retirement and disability insurance:
Department of Health, Education, and Wei75,416
fare 1
Department of Labor l
19
17
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies: Railroad Retire1
ment Board
3,725
-2,004
Deductions for offsetting receipts
__
20,004
6
-1
86,338
94,081
102,829
921
3,977
4,146
4,270
600 INCOME SECURITY
Total 601
602 Federal employee retirement and disability:
Legislative branch
The Judiciary 1
Department of Labor __
__
Department of State.
_ _
Other independent agencies: Civil Service
Commission
___
___
Deductions for offsetting receipts. _ _
Total 602
See footnotes at end of table.
33
31
32
_* -2,286 -2,568 -2,435
77,173
20,930
88,062
95,689
104,696
*
1
111
67
*
66
18
*
33
307
83
*
1
292
97
*
2
330
109
7,883
2,236
9,326
10,753
12,094
-4
-1
-87
-50
-50
8,174
2,319
9,662
11,094
12,486
414
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 78
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
600 INCOME SECURITY—Continued
603 Unemployment insurance:
Department of Labor!
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 603
604 Public assistance and other income supplements:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare i
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of State
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies: Railroad Retirement Board
Total 604
Deductions for offsetting receipts2
Total income security
27,330
-7,878
4,619 20,232
- 6 2 5 -3,851
19,452
3,994
7,959
1,824
8,144
11,143
2,957
12,007
2,493
205
808
660
17
86
16,380
2,947
20
856
15,661
-1,800
13,977
-3,000
13,861
10,977
7,029
7,241
12,459
12,850
3,711
4,558
1
9
40
50
30
22,609
5,553
24,014
23,249
24,680
—1
—*
127,406
32,796
—*
—*
138,118 143,892
—*
152,838
700 VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES
701 Income security for veterans:
Veterans Administration1
8,810
2,231
9,607
9,718
9,637
Deductions for offsetting receipts
-460
-149
-500
-523
-512
8,350
2,082
9,107
9,195
9,125
5,531
784
5,531
784
4,144
—6
4,138
3,358
—31
3.328
3,077
—54
3,023
4,046
1,039
4,851
5,135
5,441
—7
-65
—2
-48
—8
-263
—7
28
—4
-235
-72
-50
-271
21
-239
Total 701
702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation:
Veterans Administration *
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 702
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans:
Veterans Administration
704 Veterans housing:
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Veterans Administration
Total 704
See footnotes at end of table.
SUMMARY TABLES
415
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
700
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES—Continued
705 Other veterans benefits and services:
Department of Defense—Civil1
Department of the Treasury
Veterans Administration *
Other independent agencies: American Battle
Monuments Commission *
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 705
Deductions for offsetting receipts 2
Total veterans benefits and services
750
1976
act.
20
*
554
5
103
21
*
540
23
*
576
22
*
586
5
_*
58
7
2
*
6
1
6
-2
6
-2
10
1
55
6
63
0
62
1
-2
i
-2
-2
-2
18.432
3,962
18,388
18,279
17,960
LAW ENFORCEMENT AND JUSTICE
751 Federal law enforcement and prosecution:
The Judiciary 1
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Justice
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies:
Administrative Conference of the United
States
Commission on Civil Rights
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
__
Legal Services Corporation
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 751
752 Federal judicial activities:
Legislative branch
The Judiciary
General Services Administration
Other independent agencies: Indian Claims
Commission
Total 752
753 Federal correctional and rehabilitative
activities:
Department of Justice 1
See footnotes at end of table.
22
25
5
6
24
32
27
3
3
3
0
3
3
12
1,087
554
3
304
143
13
1,244
618
15
1,297
675
15
1,303
665
1
8
*
2
1
10
1
10
1
10
59
85
1
—2
16
52
*
-1
68
125
*
-2
72
90
74
90
2
-2
1,852
529
2,134
2,219
2,218
7
304
1
2
81
*
9
374
2
8
413
8
432
1
33
1
*
8
3
2
37
8
2
43
2
*
40
4
28
3
6
4
20
9
37
2
34
5
416
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
1977
750 LAW ENFORCEMENT
TICE—Continued
1978
1979
AND JUS-
754 Law enforcement assistance:
Department of Justice
921
213
907
827
750
Deductions for offsetting receipts 2
-4
-31
-6
-6
-6
3,320
800
859
3,712
3,789
3,756
678
1
183
_*
869
-1
915
-1
898
-1
677
182
868
914
898
66
1
*
*
15
*
*
*
76
1
72
1
72
1
3
1
1
68
16
80
74
73
1.990
-193
464
—34
2.153
-170
2,314
-190
2,328
-190
1,798
Total law enforcement and justice
429
1,983
2,124
2.139
94
1
*
66
1
321
7
358
*
356
95
67
328
358
356
*
4,857
*
25
*
7,032
*
8,055
-4,750
_*
*
7,397
*
-7,287
-6,921
-7,943
107
25
HI
113
GENERAL GOVERNMENT
801 Legislative functions:
Legislative branch 1
Deductions for offsetting receipts..
.
Total 801
802 Executive direction and management:
Executive Office of the President
Funds appropriated to the President
Department of the Treasury
General Services AdministrationTotal 802
803 Central fiscal operations:
Department of the Treasury 1_
Deductions for offsetting receipts..
_
.
Total 803
804
General property and records management:
General Services Administration l . . . _ _
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts. . . . . . . .
Total 804. .
_
805 Central personnel management:
Other independent agencies:
Advisory Committee on Federal Pay
Civil Service Commission
Other temporary commissions
Deductions for offsetting receipts
__
Total 805
See footnotes at end of table.
no
SUMMARY TABLES
417
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
800 GENERAL GOVERNMENT—Con.
806 Other general government:
Legislative branch
The Judiciary
Department of Defense—Civil
Department of the Interior *
Department of the Treasury 1
General Services Administration
Other independent agencies:
Civil Service Commission
Federal Election Commission
American Revolution Bicentennial Administration l
Other historical and memorial agencies J__
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations l
Other temporary commissions
National Commission on the observance of
International Women's Year l
Deductions for offsetting receipts
27
2
71
218
227
3
15
4
19
*
16
128
51
1
4
1
32
*
13
*
2
1
*
17
*
2
4
*
2
Total general government
15
7
47
*
75
271
228
3
7
7
199
4
74
262
174
3
*
1
0
2
6
2
15
4
1
-6
—52
—145
—152
28
2
55
4
50
0
59
8
-272
-69
-184
-152
-152
2,927
88
7
3,731
3,930
4,016
12,600
-6,360
3,252
-1,664
13,437
-6,655
13,674
-6,855
13,715
-6,855
6,240
1,588
6,782
6,819
6,860
89
4
213
336
110
4
145
71
50
268
1,581
191
5
394
382
208
4
428
451
272
5
*
-40
89
7
15
0
33
2
38
1
30
0
*
*
-78
*
-20
*
46
3
2,144
1,270
1,393
7,119
2,024
8,926
8,089
8,253
-28
44
5
Total 806
Deductions for offsetting receipts
6
*
60
195
165
3
850 REVENUE SHARING AND GENERAL
PURPOSE FISCAL ASSISTANCE
851 General revenue sharing:
Department of the Treasury!
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 851
852 Other general purpose fiscal assistance:
Department of Agriculture
Department of Defense—Civil
Department of the Interior
Department of the Treasury
Other independent agencies:
District of Columbia
Federal Energy Administration
Federal Power Commission
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total 852_
Total revenue sharing and general purpose
fiscal assistance
See footnotes at end of table.
418
THE
BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
1978
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
901 Interest on the public debt:
Department of the Treasury
37,063
8,102
42,000
44,600
902 Other interest:
Department of the Treasury
General Services Administration
Deductions for off setting receipts
302
*
-2,776
104
288
308
308
*
1
*
- 9 6 0 -4,302 -5,173 -5,189
-2,474
-856 -4,013
900
1979
est.
INTEREST:
Total 902
Total interest
-3,233
-1,009
-7,800
37,987
- 8 9 0 -3,407
- 9 5 -1,185
- 2 7 0 -8,201
-4,881
39,735
42,419
2,311
0
1,500
7,246
-4,865
1,151
34,589
Allowances for:
Civilian agency pay raises. __
Contingencies for:
Relatively uncontrollable programs
Other requirements
Undistributed offsetting receipts:
Employer share, employee retirement:
Interfund transactions
Receipts from off-budget Federal entities—Interest received by trust funds
._.__
Rents and royalties on the Outer Continental
Shelf___
47,300
0
2,000
-3,557
-1,113
-8,659
-3,924
-1,183
-9,700
-1,311
-2,600
-3,100
-2,500
366,466
Total budget outlays3____
-2,662
94,746
411,243
439,967
465,967
-74
-15
—58
-58
-58
-80
456
Outlays of off-budget Federal entities:
150 INTERNATIONAL
AFFAIRS
155 International financial programs:
Department of the Treasury
300
NATURAL
RESOURCES,
MENT, AND ENERGY
ENVIRON-
305 Energy:
Department of Agriculture
Energy Independence Authority
Total natural resources, environment, and
energy
400
COMMERCE AND
213
650
213
-80
456
650
1,450
1,450
TRANSPORTATION
401 Mortgage credit and thirft insurance:
Department of Housing and Urban Development
-15
-3
262
738
778
402 Postal ServiceOther independent agencies: Postal Service....
1,085
-726
1,006
1,815
2,526
11
298
404 Ground transportation:
Other independent agencies: United States
Railway Association
Total commerce and transportation
See footnotes at end of table.
52
1J23
-7/8
1,566
-103
2,553
3,201
SUMMARY TABLES
419
Table 15. OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)—Con.
Function and department or other unit
1976
act.
TQ
act.
1977
est.
1978
est.
1979
est.
Outlays of off-budget entities—Continued
450
COMMUNITY
AND REGIONAL
VELOPMENT
DE-
452 Area and regional development:
Department of Agriculture
600
INCOME
93
GENERAL
95
92
89
SECURITY
601 General retirement and disability insurance:
Department of Labor
800
17
-22
-*
5,863
2,564
7,196
-14
-16
-16
8,741
5,936
6,233
1,767
10,785
9,156
10,899
422,028
449,124
476,866
GOVERNMENT
807 Federal Financing Bank:
Department of the Treasury
Outlays, off-budget Federal entities
Outlays including off-budget Federal entities
373,662
96,513
*$500 thousand or less.
Includes both Federal and trust funds.
Excludes offsetting receipts which have been distributed by subfunction above.
1
2
1976
3 Consists of:
Federal funds
Trust funds
Interfund transactions
TQ
acL
_.__
aeL
269,969
131,286
-34,789
65,106
34,023
-4,383
1977
esL
303,136
145,026
-36,918
1978
est
319,335
157,057
-36,425
Table 16. CONTROLLABILITY OF BUDGET OUTLAYS, 1968-78 (dollars in billions)
Actual
1972
Estimate
1973
1974
1975
1976
1968
1969
24.8
28.3
31.3
37.2
41.5
50.7
57.6
68.4
76.2
20.7
87.1
4.3
(2.1)
(2.2)
2.9
4.8
(2.4)
(2.4)
2.9
5.6
(2.8)
(2.7)
3.7
6.6
(3.4)
(3.2)
6.6
7.7
(3.9)
(3.8)
7.5
9.0
(4.4)
(4.6)
5.7
10.8
(5.1)
(5.7)
6.5
13.3
(6.2)
(7.1)
14.0
15.6
(7.3)
(8.3)
19.8
4.3
(1.9)
(2.3)
4.2
18.0 20.3
(8.2) (9.0)
(9.8) (11.2)
16.9 14.5
5.0
7.2
.3
3.4
5.7
8.9
.3
3.9
6.6
9.9
.5
4.7
7.6
11.2
.7
7.4
8.3
13.4
1.1
8.9
9.3
14.1
1.6
9.1
10.0
17.2
1.8
11.5
12.4
21.6
2.1
16.9
13.9
26.3
2.5
20.2
2.9
7.0
.6
4.9
13.2
32.2
2.9
21.2
47.7
11.1
54.9
12.7
77.3
14.8
88.4
15.5
3.2
3.0
4.1
2.8
62.2
14.4
3.8
3.8
2.8
5.2
4.0
6.4
99.6
17.4
6.6
3.6
6.3
115.4
21.5
6.1
1.0
6.8
148.7
23.3
6.1
.6
8.0
174.4
26.8
6.2
.6
8.8
44.6
7.0
1.6
.7
2.6
191.7 207.8
29.8 31.2
6.8
6.8
1.7
1.0
10.0
10.4
64.9
(2.2)
(62.8)
74.5
(2.6)
(71.9)
84.2
(3.0)
(81.2)
100.1
(3.4)
(96.7)
114.3
(4.0)
(110.3)
fixed
133.4
150.8
(4.1)
(4.7)
(129.3) (146.1)
186.8
(5.4)
(181.4)
216.9
(6.8)
(210.1)
56.5
(1.2)
(55.2)
240.0 257.2
(7.8) (9.1)
(232.2)(248.1)
Outlays from prior-year contracts and
obligations:2
National defense. _
Civilian programs
24.6
17.8
25.0
16.9
24.5
17.0
21.6
18.6
19.9
19.4
18.3
21.3
20.9
22.9
23.6
27.1
19.1
31.8
8.6
11.4
23. 6
37. 4
31.4
43.8
Total, outlays from prior-year contracts and obligations
42.3
41.9
41.5
40.2
39.2
39.6
43.8
50.7
50.9
20.0
61. 0
75.2
Total, relatively uncontrollable outlays
107.3
116.4
125.7
140.4
153.5
173.0
194.5
237.5
267.7
76.5
Relatively uncontrollable under present law:
Open-ended programs and fixed costs:
Payments for individuals:
Social security and railroad retirement..
Federal employees' retirement and
insurance
(Military retired pay)
(Other)
Unemployment assistance
Veterans benefits: Pensions, compensation, education and insurance
Medicare and medicaid
Housing payments
Public assistance and related programs..
Subtotal, payments for individuals...
Net interest»
General revenue sharing
Farm price supports (CCC)
Other open-ended programs andfixedcosts.
Total, open-ended programs and
costs
(National defense)
(Civilian programs)
...
1970
1971
TQ
1977
1978
to
o
95.7
13.1
37.9
3.6
22.7
g
_
O
g
3
£
301. 0 332.4
Relatively controllable outlays:
National defense
Civilian programs
52.7
20.7
52.6
17.6
51.8
21.4
51.8
21.9
53.5
27.7
52.6
23.8
53.0
24.2
57.6
33.5
64.1
38.8
12.6
6.6
Under current law 3_
Under proposed legislation in:
Open-ended programs andfixedcosts 3
Relatively controllable and new programs3
(73.4)
(70.1)
(73.3)
(73.7)
(81.1)
(76.4)
(77.2)
(91.1)
(103.0)
(19.2)
Total, relatively controllable outlays _
73.4
70.1
73.3
73.7
81.1
76.4
77.2
91.1
103.0
19.2
Undistributed employer share, employee retirement
-1.8
-2.0
-2.4
-2.6
-2.8
-2.9
-3.3
-4.0
-4.2
-1.0
178.8
184.5
196.6
211.4
231.9
246.5
268.4
324.6
366.5
94.7
Total budget outlays
68.6
46.2
71.7
40.5
(114.9)(118.8)
(—.3)(—19.8)
(.2) (13.1)
114.8 112.2
-4.6
-4.7
411.2 440.0
MEMORANDUM
Percent of total outlays:
Relatively uncontrollable under present law:
Open-ended programs and fixed costs:
Payments for individuals
Other___
Total open-ended programs and
costs
_
Outlays from prior-year contracts
obligations
29.7%
10.6
31.7%
11.3
36.6%
10.8
38.1%
11.1
40.4%
13.7
43.0%
13.2
45.8%
11.7
47.6%
11.6
47.1%
12.5
46.6% 47.2%
11.8 1 1 . 2
36.3
40.4
42.9
47.4
49.3
fixed
54.1
56.2
57.6
59.2
59.6
58.4
58.5
23.7
22.7
21.1
19.0
16.9
16.1
16.3
15.6
13.9
21.1
14.8
17.1
60.0
41.0
63.1
38.0
64.0
37.2
66.4
34.8
66.2
35.0
70.2
31.0
72.5
28.8
73.2
28.1
73.1
28.1
80.7
20.3
73.2
27.9
3
75.6
25.5
td
and
Total relatively uncontrollable outlays.
Relatively controllable outlays
Undistributed employer share, employee retirement
Total budget outlays
•
26.7%
9.6
-1.0
-1.1
-1.2
-1.2
-1.2
-1.2
-1.2
-1.2
-1.2
-1.0
-1.1
-1.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
in 1978 under proposed legislation in relatively
is_>
Table 17 LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS FOR MAJOR NEW AND EXPANDED PROGRAMS IN THE 1978 BUDGET
PROJECTION OF COSTS * (in millions of dollars)
Projections
Estimates
Agency
1977
1979
1978
Explanation
1982
1981
1980
to
to
Funds appropriated to the President:
Sahel development program
BA
0
Balance of payments loan for Portu- BA
0
ea l
Agriculture:
Child nutrition reform.
BA
0
300
300
50
5
130
130
100
19
1,857
2,000
2, 240
2, 240
25
20
2, 381
2, 381
2,522
2,522
1
6
120
170
Participate in a multiyear, international effort to improve
economic conditions in the 6 drought-prone states of
Sahelian Africa.
Participate in a medium-term international consortium
loan to help relieve Portugal's temporary balance of
payments problems; the loan, in 3 installments, would
be at market-related interest rates.
2, 549 Consolidate 15 child nutrition programs into a single block
grant to States to ensure that every needy child has
2, 649
u
o
access to nutritious meals. Replaces the existing complex
and overlapping categorical programs which subsidize
meals for children regardless of income or need.
o
Defense—Military:
Uniformed Services Retirement Mod- BA
ernization Act
0
25
25
112
112
93
93
85
85
67 Base retirement annuities on average rather than terminal
base pay, provide benefits for individuals separating from
67
the military with less than 20 years of service and
strengthen the incentives for retirement-eligible personnel
to serve full 30-year careers.
Standardize and make uniform the laws governing promotion
and retention of regular officers as well as eliminate other
unnecessary distinctions between services and between
male and female officers.
Authorize military personnel with the rank of E-4 and below
who have dependents to receive a family separation allowance similar to what is provided to other military personnel.
Authorize reimbursement of a quarters allowance to Navy
personnel when their quarters aboard ship are unavailable
due to repairs.
Defense Officer Personnel Manage- BA
ment Act
0
14
14
16
16
14
14
12
12
11
11
Family separation allowance for E-4's BA
and below with dependents
0
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
BA
0
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Financial assistance for health care 2_ BA
0
3,172
13, 172
12,302
2,302
13,830
13,774
14,521
14,521
15,246
15,246
16,008 Consolidate medicaid and 19 categorical health programs into
a single block grant to States to support health services,
16,008
3,776
336
3,976
2,765
4,176
3,643
4,376
4,026
4,576 Consolidate 23 categorical education programs into a single
block grant to State and local educational agencies to in4,309
Quarters allowance_
Health, Education, and Welfare:
especially for the low-income population.
Financial assistance for elementary
and secondary education
BA
0
crease flexibility in use of Federal education funds.
o
CD
BA
0
20
5
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20 Authorize a demonstration project grant program to promote
20
integrated social service delivery systems in States and
localities.
Interior:
Bicentennial land heritage program __ BA
0
Migratory bird conservation
BA
1,120
145
30
189
10
20
134
20
109
20
109
20 Provide funds for a 10-year program to upgrade and main109
tain the Nation's parks and wildlife refuges.
10 Acquire wetlands for the protection and enhancement of
10
migratory birds through an increase in the price of migratory bird hunting stamps.
Allied services.
O
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
BA
0
990
44
585
114
1,635
211
675
312
1,710 Provide incentives to States and localities to issue taxable
418
bonds.
Energy and Research Development
Administration:
Synthetic fuels commercial demon- BA
stration program
O
295
3
221
25
20
45
25
45 Initiate synthetic fuels commercial demonstration projects
55
to accelerate development of private capability to convert
oil shale and coal into liquid and gaseous fuels.
4,500
190
4,500
1,250
4,500
2,980
4,500
3,720
4,500 Fund a 10-year plan of $4.5 billion per year for the waste
4, 170
treatment grant program contingent upon enactment of
program reform legislation.
—229
-256
-160
-114
— 114 Provide authority to dispose of excess strategic stockpile
material.
42
42
55
55
75
75
98
98
133 Establish Authority to assist development of energy projects
133
where private investment would not otherwise be available.
350
300
400
350
Treasury:
Taxable municipal bond option
Environmental Protection Agency:
Construction grants
BA
O
General Services Administration:
Disposal of excess strategic stockpile BA)
material
0/
Energy Independence Authority:
3
Adjustment for net earnings or losses - BA
0
Allowances:
Relatively small and unforseen items. BA
0
200
150
250
200
mitment as to amounts to be included in future budgets.
:ni as co amounts to be included in ruture budgets
edicaid, and is therefore less than would otherwise be spent under
Funding
existing law. for the "Financial Assistance for Health Care Act" assumes cost controls applied to m
3
Estimates are based on one possible investment strategy and on the assumption that the Authority will be an oflf-budget entity. It is practically impossible to accurately
project investment decisions that would be made by the EIA Board of Directors. Most EIA investments would be in long-leadtime projects, some of which may have earlyyear losses before becoming profitable ventures, once construction is complete.
to
00
to
Table 18. BUDGET RECEIPTS BY SOURCE, 1969-1979 (in millions of dollars)
Actual
Source
Individual income taxes
Corporation income taxes
Social insurance taxes and contributions (trust
funds):
Employment taxes and contributions:
Old-age and survivors insurance
Disability insurance
Hospital insurance
Railroad retirement
Total employment taxes and contributions
Unemployment insurance
Contributions for other insurance and retirement:
Supplementary medical insurance
Employees' retirement—employee contributions
Other retirement contributions
1969
87,249
36,678
1971
90,412
32,829
86,230
26,785
1972
1973
Estimate
1974
94,737 103,246 118,952
32,166 36,153 38,620
1975
1976
122,386 131,603
40,621 41,409
TQ
1977
38,801 153,097
8,460 56,604
1978
1979
171,217 205,349
58,910 63,700
d
-
25,484 29,396 31,354 35,132 40,703 47,778 55,207 58,703 15,886 67,682 73,620
3,469
4,063
4,490
4,775
5,381 6,147 7,250
7,686
2,130 8,897 12,304
4,398
4,755
4,874
5,205
7,603
10,556 11,258 11,995
3,459
13,750
17,843
885
919
980 1,008 1,189 1,411 1,489 1,525
328 1,860 1,867
85,701
14,785
20,852
2,103
34,236
39,133
41,699
46,120
3,328
3,464
3,674
4,357
P
54,876
6,051
65,892
6,837
75,204
6,771
79,909
21,803
92,189
105,634
123,441
8,054
2,698
11,514
15,046
17,025
gj
&
903
936
1,253
1,340
1,427
1,704
1,901
1,937
539
2,180
2,374
2,550
1,426
1,735
1,916
2,058
2,146
2,302
2,513
2,760
707
2,944
2,958
3,106
24
29
37
OQ
Total contributions for other insurance
and retirement
2,353
Total social insurance taxes and contributions
39,918
1970
2,701
45,298
39
3,205
3,437
48,578
53,914
41
3,614
64,542
45
4,051
76,780
52
54
4,466
4,752
86,441
92,714
13
56
1,259
5,180
25,760
56
56
5,388
5,712
108,883 126,068
146,178
Excise taxes:
Federal funds:
Alcohol
Tobacco
Other
4,482
2,136
3,967
4,610
2,093
3,649
4,696
2,205
3,609
5,004
2,205
2,297
5,040
2,274
2,522
5,248
2,435
2,060
5,238
2,312
1,850
5,318
2,484
2,810
1,279
622
620
5,591
2,575
1,909
5,810
2,695
1,880
6,035
2,819
1,700
10,585
10,352
10,510
9,506
9,836
9,743
9,400
10,612
2,520
10,075
10,385
10,554
4,637
5,354
5,542
563
5,322
649
5,665
758
6,260
840
6,188
962
5,413
938
1,676
277
6,660
1,191
6,857
1,271
7,153
1,348
4,637
5,354
6,104
5,971
6,424
7,100
7,151
6,351
1,953
7,851
8,128
8,501
15,222
15,705
16,614
15,477
16,260
16,844
16,551
16,963
4,473
17,926
18,513
19,055
Estate and gift taxes
Customs duties
3,491
2,319
3,644
2,430
3,735
2,591
5,436
3,287
4,917
3,188
5,035
3,334
4,611
3,676
5,216
4,074
1,455
1,212
5^907
4,713
5,806
5,262
~o7283
5,851
Miscellaneous receipts:
Deposit of earnings by Federal Reserve
System
Other miscellaneous receipts
2,662
247
3,266
158
3,533
325
3,252
381
3,495
426
4,845
524
5,777
934
5,451
2,575
1,500
112
6,000
915
6,400
841
6,800
1,144
2,908
3,424
3,858
3,633
3,921
5,369
6,711
8,026
1,612
6,915
7,241
7,944
187,784 193,743 188,392 208,649 232,225 264,932 280,997 300,005
81,773 354,045 393,017
454,360
143,321 143,158 133,785 148,846 161,357 181,219 187,505 201,099
52,009 59,362 66,193 72,959 92,193 104,846 118,590 133,695
-7,547 -8,778 -11,586 -13,156 -21,325 -21,133 -25,098 -34,789
54,085 237,405 258,926
32,071 153,558 170,515
- 4 , 3 8 3 -36,918 -36,425
NA
NA
NA
Total Federal excise taxes
Trust funds:
Highway
Airport and airway
Total trust excise taxes
Total excise taxes
Total miscellaneous receipts
l
Total budget receipts
s>
-
MEMORANDUM
Federalfunds
Trust funds
Interfund transactions
1
Includes both Federal and trust funds.
NA=Not available.
to
Or
Table 19. BUDGET OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION, 1969-1979 (in millions of dollars)
to
Actual
Estimate
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
TQ
1977
050 National defense:
051 Department of Defense—Military:
Military personnel
Retired military personnel
Operation and maintenance
Procurement
.
Research and development
Military construction and other 1 -—
Deductions for offsetting receipts.._.
21,374
2,444
22,227
23,988
7,457
525
-143
23,031
2,849
21,609
21,584
7,166
1,059
-148
22,633
3,386
20,941
18,858
7,303
1,552
-126
23,036
3,885
21,675
17,131
7,881
1,655
-113
23,246
4,390
21,069
15,654
8,157
895
-113
23,728
5,128
22,478
15,241
8,582
2,627
-159
24,968
6,242
26,330
16,042
8,866
2,754
-182
25,064
7,296
27,902
15,964
8,923
3,043
-155
6,358
1,947
7,261
3,766
2,206
383
5
Subtotal, 051
-_..
052 Military assistance
053 Atomic energy defense activities
054 Defense-related activities
Deductions for offsetting receipts
77,872
789
1,389
162
—5
77,150
731
1,415
-8
—3
74,546
999
1,385
-120
—3
75,151
806
1,373
29
—2
73,297 77,625
531
819
1,409
1,486
-162 -1,349
—4
—13
85,020
999
1,506
-936
—4
88,036
501
1,565
-103
—3
21,926
183
435
-27
1
80,207
79,284
76,807
77,356
75,072
78,569
86,585
89,996
22,518
100,075
112,262
123,798
3,142
370
2,935
398
2,902
405
3,235
451
2,870
475
2,884
606
3,665
658
3,568
726
1,526
262
5,059
1,030
5,221
1,091
5,389
1,180
237
246
-211
235
219
-223
241
-184
-271
274
184
-277
295
498
-634
320
1,178
-167
348
1,454
-263
382
836
-446
115
253
-160
394
1,179
-512
422
1,074
-527
446
1,191
-579
3,784
3,564
3,093
3,868
3,504
4,821
5,862
5,067
1,997
7,150
7,281
7,627
938
2,900
947
2,340
1,009
1,988
978
1,906
961
1,726
1,018
1,694
1,038
1,661
1,035
2,000
292
525
1,077
2,044
1,216
2,156
1,328
2,230
794
853
830
952
1,041
947
958
980
251
960
974
]t205
26,212
8,234
31,146
18,710
9,993
3,931
-176
1978
1979
26,005
9,035
33,539
23,786
11,350
5,984
-176
26,235
9,704
35,242
28,840
12,478
8,403
-107
98,050 109,523 120,795
250
577
494
1,829
2,162
2,459
-52
3
52
—3
-3
—3
*
§
O
w
3
>
Total national defense
150 International affairs:
151 Foreign economic and financial assistance.
152 Conduct of foreign affairs
153 Foreign information and exchange
activities
155 International financial programs
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total international affairs
250 General science, space, and technology:
251 General science and basic research.....
253 Space
flight
254 Space science, applications, and technology
M
<i
<>
*
255 Supporting space activities
Deductions for offsetting receipts
387
-4
370
-3
355
-2
338
-2
304
-1
322
-3
334
-2
358
-3
94
-1
354
-2
381
-2
441
-2
Total general science, space, and technology
5,016
4,508
4,180
4,174
4,030
3,977
3,989
4,370
1,161
4,434
4,725
5,202
300 Natural resources, environment, and
energy:
301 Water resources and power
302 Conservation and land management-._
303 Recreational resources
304 Pollution control and abatement
305 Energy
306 Other natural resources
Deductions for offsetting receipts
1,728
567
380
303
952
370
-400
1,674
717
372
384
931
432
-467
2,053
855
476
702
831
498
-475
2,315
784
521
764
1,028
571
-463
2,493
725
566
1,122
1,015
570
-544
2,540
740
665
2,035
623
673
-705
3,274
1,300
825
2,522
1,611
762
-756
3,600
1,245
895
3,067
2,385
897
-807
981
477
256
1,091
649
229
-359
4,790
1,464
1,237
5,196
4,115
1,048
-800
4,895
1,370
1,381
5,913
6,094
1,092
-997
4,743
1,352
1,512
6,043
6,892
1,122
-1,045
Total natural resources, environment,
and energy
3,901
4,043
4,941
5,521
5,947
6,571
9,537
11,282
3,324
17,050
19,747
20,619
5,304
520
-46
4,589
579
-5
3,651
639
-2
4,553
728
-2
4,099
758
-3
1,458
785
775
877
- 3 - 2
1,574
921
7
343
240
1
1,773
1,128
-2
1,188
1,147
-3
731
1,163
-3
5,779
5,164
4,288
5,279
4,855
2,230
1,660
2,502
584
2,899
2,333
1,891
-624
920
104
1,510
-251
2,183
-42
1,772
-1,192
1,567
1,519
1,698
2,810
1,877
1,229
1,720
276
938
-2,090
2,272
217
1,472
-573
1,435
247
4,443
1,220
874
21
-36
477
4,678
1,422
913
26
-40
474
5,180
1,824
1,052
37
-103
488
5,353
1,925
1,111
36
-43
552
5,640
2,177
1,231
56
-101
714
5,583
2,236
1,354
57
-64
939
6,501
2,408
1,459
74
-60
867
9,305
2,557
1,558
65
-52
182
2,284
587
417
28
-12
1,036
10,119
2,843
1,885
83
-43
1,094
11,298
3,190
1,964
85
-67
1,302
11,307
3,300
1,836
91
-65
7,065
9,090
10,396
10,601
9,930
13,096
16,010
17,248
4,700
16,106
19,252
18,632
350 Agricultural:
351 Farm income stabilization
352 Agricultural research and services
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total agriculture
400 Commerce and transportation:
401 Mortgage credit and thrift insurance,_
402 Postal Service
403 Other advancement and regulation of
commerce
404 Ground transportation
405 Air transportation
406 Water transportation
407 Other transportation
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total commerce and transportation
See footnotes at end of table.
5
*<
to
00
Table \9. BUDGET OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION, 1969-1979 (in millions of dollars)—Continued
Actual
Estimate
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
TQ
1977
1978
1,631
566
40
-12
2,328
593
257
257
-13
-13
2,613
680
353
353
-14
-14
3,110
836
396
396
-16
-16
3,088
879
1,580
,580
-19
-19
3,045
1,111
782
782
-27
-27
3,149
912
398
-27
-27
3,527
1,266
522
522
-15
-15
1,139
299
11
1
111
-19
-19
4,892
2,240
596
56
-33
-33
5,112
2,339
457
4
-39
-39
4,854
1
,779
520
5
-42
-42
Total community and regional development
2,224
3,166
3,632
4,325
5,529
4,911
4,431
5,300
1,530
7,695
7,868
7,111
500 Education, training, employment, and
social services:
501 Elementary, secondary, and vocational
education
502 Higher education
503 Research and general education aids__.
504 Training and employment
505 Other labor services
506 Social services
Deductions for offsetting receipts
2,728
1,232
330
1,560
122
908
-10
3,107
1,385
521
1,602
135
1,148
-10
3,544
1,433
520
1,952
157
1,449
-10
3,962
1,447
523
2,894
184
2,694
-11
3,745
1,532
668
3,283
202
2,455
-10
3,771
1,349
867
2,910
219
2,496
-13
4,634
2,050
947
4,063
259
3,301
-5
4,690
2,663
774
6,288
301
3,456
-5
1,207
739
186
1,912
83
887
-1
5,225
3,434
1,100
6,842
380
4,138
-5
5,494
2,934
1,193
5,349
415
3,977
-6
5,389
2,890
1,158
4,270
424
4,020
-5
Total education, training, employment,
and social services
6,871
7,888
9,045
11,694
11,874
11,598
15,248
18,167
5,013
21,114
19,358
18,146
9,537
10,648
12,107
14,538
15,476
18,502
23,405
28,655
7,556
34,454
26,020
28,225
450 Community and regional development:
451 Community development
452 Area and regional development
453 Disaster relief and insurance
Deductions for offsetting receipts
550
1979
Health:
551 Health care services
^
g
552
553
554
555
Health research and education
Prevention and control of health problems
Health planning and construction
General health financing assistance
1,459
1,577
1,687
1,952
2,272
2,334
2,677
3,086
934
2,762
2,623
2,454
348
415
362
469
459
465
541
443
638
449
750
494
883
687
963
752
251
-20
1,096
947
945
1,322
12,302
947
1,304
13,774
—2
—6
—2
—3
—3
—6
—5
—8
—1
—8
—8
—8
11,758
13,051
14,716
17,471
18,832
22,074
27,647
33,448
8,720
39,251
43,205
46,696
. 28,288
_
31,303
37,485
41,966
51,684
58,613
69,383
77,173
20,930
88,062
95,689 104,696
1,732
2,583
2,688
3,364
3,191
6,169
3,789
7,076
4,500
5,356
5,645
6,065
6,980
13,549
8,174
19,452
2,319
3,994
9,662
16,380
11,094
13,861
12,486
10,977
4,679
-1
37,281
5,712
-2
43,066
8,580
-2
55,423
11,081
-2
63,911
11,419
-2
72,958
14,108
18,783
22,609
-*
-1
-1
84,431 108,605 127,406
5,553
-*
32,796
24,014
-*
138,118
23,249
-*
143,892
24,680
-*
152,838
5,036
5,546
5,966
6,344
6,533
6,789
7,860
8,350
2,082
9,107
9,195
9,125
701
1,564
102
239
-2
1,015
1,800
54
263
-2
1,659
2,036
-179
296
-2
1,960
2,425
-317
320
-2
2,801
2,711
-381
350
-2
3,249
3,006
-15
359
-2
4,593
3,665
24
458
-2
5,531
4,046
-72
578
-2
784
1,039
-50
110
-1
4,138
4,851
-271
565
-2
3 328
5,135
21
603
-2
3 023
5 441
-239
612
-2
7,640
8,677
9,776
18,279
17,960
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total health
600 Income security:
601 General retirement and disability in-
surance
602
Federal employee retirement and disability
603 Unemployment insurance
604 Public assistance and other income supplements
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total income security
700 Veterans benefits and services:
701 Income security for veterans
702 Veterans education, training, and rehabilitation
703 Hospital and medical care for veterans704 Veterans housing
705 Other veterans benefits and services--,
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total veterans benefits and services ___
See footnotes at end of table.
10,730
12,013
13,386
16,597
18,432
3,962
18,388
CO
o
Table 19. BUDGET OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION, 1969-1979 (in millions of dollars)—Continued
W
Actual
Function
750 Law enforcement and justice:
751 Federal law enforcement and prosecution
752 Federal judicial activities
753 Federal correctional and rehabilitative
activities
754 Law enforcement assistance
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total law enforcement and justice.__
1969
1970
1971
1972
Estimate
1973
1974
1975
1976
TQ
Legislative functions
802 Executive direction and management..
oU3 Central fiscal operations
804 General property and records management
805 Central personnel management
806 Other general government
Deductions for offsetting receipts
Total general government
1978
1979
553
12
1
672
14
3
81
2
16
4
91
7
12
7
1,168
18
8
1,291
204
1,593
279
1,852
313
529
83
2,134
387
2,219
423
2,218
440
7
1
29
-3
88
65
-6
14
0
233
-6
18
2
380
-2
18
5
624
-7
202
770
-5
226
853
-9
238
91
2
-4
64
213
-31
290
907
-6
327
827
-6
354
750
-6
71
6
952
1,299
1,650
2,131
2,462
2,942
3,320
859
3,712
3,789
3,756
254
CJI
J\JJ
303
342
j~tt*
404
TU-T
51
2
J&\
588
jvu
30
38
59
117
117
63
182
iu*
1
6
16
429
868
ww
80
1,983
914
**^
25
74
2,124
898
\JSV
73
2,139
800 General government:
801
1977
808
934
1,013
1,183
1,209
1,329
1,752
677
«##
68
1,798
587
38
88
-151
616
44
18
5
-145
637
5
1
218
-141
719
58
19
8
-146
910
67
21
2
-235
1,030
74
419
-164
418
88
472
-292
95
107
454
-111
67
25
228
-69
328
110
545
-184
358
11
1
500
-152
356
13
1
589
-152
1,649
1,940
2,159
2,466
2,682
3,327
3,089
2,927
878
3,731
3,930
4,016
IJV
438
72
_
oo
850
Revenue sharing and general purpose
fiscal assistance:
851 General revenue sharing
852 Other general purpose fiscal assistance. _
365
451
488
531
6,636
586
6,106
640
6,130
875
6,240
879
1,588
436
6,782
2,144
6,819
1,270
6,860
1,393
Total revenue sharing and general purpose fiscal assistance
365
451
488
531
7,222
6,746
7,005
7,119
2,024
8,926
8,089
8,253
16,588
-796
19,304
-992
20,959
-1,350
21,849
-1,267
24,167
-1,355
29,319
-1,247
32,665
-1,691
37,063
-2,474
8,102
-856
42,000
-4,013
44,600
-4,865
47,300
-4,881
15,793
18,312
19,609
20,582
22,813
28,072
30,974
34,589
7,246
37,987
39,735
42,419
1,151
2,311
0
1,500
0
2,000
900 Interest:
901 Interest on the public debt
902 Other interest
Total interest
Allowances:
Civilian agency pay raises
Contingencies for:
Relatively uncontrollable programs
Other requirements
>
3
Total allowances
950 Undistributed offsetting receipts:
951 Employer share, employee retirement. _ - 2 , 0 1 8
952 Interest received by trust funds
-3,099
953 Rents and royalties on the Outer Con-
4,311
Total undistributed offsetting receipts. __
2
-2,444
-3,936
-2,611
-4,765
-2,768
-5,089
-2,927
-5,436
-3,319
-6,583
-3,980
-7,667
-4,242
-7,800
-985
-270
-4,592
-8,201
-4,670
-8,659
-5,107
-9,700
-428
tinental Shelf
Total budget outlays
2,651
-187
-1,051
-279
-3,956
-6,748
-2,428
-2,662
-1,311
-2,600
-3,100
-2,500
-5,545
-6,567
-8,427
184,548
196,588 211,425 232,021 247,074 269,620 326,105 366,466
-8,137 -12,318 -16,651 -14,075 -14,704
-2,567 -15,393 -16,429 -17,307
94,746 411,243 439,967
465,967
See footnotes at end of table.
4
CO
00
to
Table 19. BUDGET OUTLAYS BY FUNCTION, 1969-1979 (in millions of dollars)—Continued
Actual
1969
1970
3971
1972
1973
Estimate
1974
1975
OUTLAYS OF OFF-BUDGET FEDERAL
ENTITIES
150 International affairs:
155 International financial programs.
1976
TQ
1977
1978
1979
W
d
O
O
—74
—58
—58
—74
Total international affairs
—15
-15
-58
-58
—58
^
-58
300 Natural resources, environment, and energy:
305 Energy
51
484
477
213
—80
456
650
1,450
Total natural resources, environment, and
energy
51
484
477
213
-80
456
650
1,450
773
-13
1,112
34
-15
1,085
52
-3
-726
11
262
1,006
298
738
1,815
778
2,526
-103
773
1,133
1,123
-718
1,566
2,553
3,201
400 Commerce and transportation:
401 Mortgage credit and thrift insurance....
402 Postal Service
_
404 Ground transportation
Total commerce and transportation
450 Community and regional development:
452 Area and regional development
Total community
ment
9
88
110
93
17
95
92
89
9
88
110
93
17
95
92
89
and regional develop-
.
£j
600 Income security:
601 General retirement
surance
and disability
in-34
-22
-*
-14
-16
-16
—34
—22
—*
—14
—16
—16
102
6,355
5,863
2,564
8,741
5,936
6,233
102
6,355
5,863
2,564
8,741
5,936
6,233
1,447
8,041
7,196
1,767
10,785
9,156
10,899
271,067
334,146
373,662
96,513
422,028
449,124
476,866
Total income security
800 General government:
807 Federal Financing Bank
Total general government
Outlays off-budget Federal entities
Outlays
including
entities
off-budget
60
Federal
184,548
196,588
211,425
232,021
247,134
* Less than $500 thousand.
NA=Not available.
Includes allowances for civilian and military pay raises for Department of Defense.
Consists of:
1
2
Actual
1969
Federal funds
Trust funds
Interfund transactions
._
148,811
43,284
-7,547
1970
1971
1972
1973
Estimate
1974
1975
1976
TQ
156,301 163,651 178,104 186,951 199,920 240,031 269,969
49,065
59,361
67,073
81,447
90,833 111,171 131,286
-8,778 -11,586 -13,156 -21,325 -21,133 -25,098 -34,789
1977
1978
1979
65,106 303,136 319,335
34,023 145,026 157,057
-4,383 -36,918 -36,425
NA
NA
NA
i-,
^
CO
Table 20. Federal transactions in the National Income Accounts, 1967-1978 (in billions of dollars)
^
Actual
Description
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
Estimate
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
RECEIPTS, NATIONAL INCOME BASIS
Personal taxes and nontaxes.
Corporate profits tax accruals
Indirect business tax and nontax accruals
Contributions for social insurance
64.4
30.3
15.8
35.5
71.4
33.2
17.1
38.4
90.0
37.0
18.6
44.5
93.6
33.0
19.2
49.2
87.5
32.0
20.0
52.9
100.3
34.2
19.9
59.1
107.3
41.0
20.7
71.5
122.6
43.8
21.4
84.1
127.3
41.6
22.1
92.2
137.2
51.0
24.5
100.9
158.6
60.6
24.6
116 9
177.5
65.5
26.1
136.6
146.0
160.0
190.1
194.9
192.5
213.5
240.4
271.9
283.2
313.6
360.7
405.7
86.0
(67.0)
(19.0)
39.3
(37.2)
(2.2)
14.8
9.6
95.0
(74.9)
(20.1)
44.8
(42.7)
(2.1)
17.8
10.5
98.0
(76.1)
(21.9)
50.9
(48.7)
(2.2)
19.2
12.1
97.0
(75.3)
(21.7)
57.0
(55.0)
(2.0)
22.6
13.6
94.8
(72.1)
(22.7)
70.1
(67.7)
(2.3)
26.8
14.2
100.9
(72.5)
(28.4)
78.9
(76.1)
(2.S)
32.6
14.1
101.7
(73.3)
(28.4)
89.7
(87.1)
(2.7)
40.4
15.9
104.8
(74.2)
(30.6)
104.7
(101.7)
(3.0)
41.6
19.8
119.0 127.2
(81.0) (85.8)
(38.0) (41.4)
134.1
156.7
(131.0) (156.6)
(3.1)
(3.1)
48.3
57.5
21.9
25.8
144.8
(94.8)
(50.0)
171.0
(167.7)
(3.3)
68.0
28.8
160.0
(105.4)
(54.6)
179.4
(175.9)
(3.5)
69.6
30.0
5.2
4.1
4.6
5.4
—.1
6.8
.1
6.4
9.1
~-5
7.9
.2
5.7
.4
5.8
7.3
8.1
Total expenditures, national income
basis
154.9
172.2
184.7
195.6
212.7
232.9
256.2
278.9
329. 5
373. 0
419. 9
447.1
Excess of receipts ( + ) or expenditures (—),
national income basis
-8.9
-12.2
+5.4
-.6
-20.2
-19.5
-15.7
-7.i
-46. 3 -59. 4
-59. 2
-41.4
Total receipts, national income basis„_.
.
H
W
d
EXPENDITURES, NATIONAL INCOME
BASIS
Purchases of goods and services
._
Defense
Nondefense
Transfer payments
Domestic ("to persons")
Foreign
Grants-in-aid to State and local governments.Net interest paid
Subsidies less current surplus of Government
enterprises
Wage disbursements less accruals
Note.— Excludes the transition quarter. Data on the transition quarter are shown in table A—1, Special Analysis A.
§
>
M
g
-
>
Table 21. FEDERAL FINANCES AND THE GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, 1954-1979 (dollar amounts in billions)
Budget receipts
Fiscal year
Gross
nation
aroduct
Amount
Percent
of GNP
Outlays *
Off-budget
Federal entiti :s
Unified budget
A
1977 estimate
1978 estimate
1979 estimate
363.6
380.0
411.0
432.7
442.)
473.3
497.3
508.3
546.9
576.3
616.2
657.1
721.1
774.4
829.9
903.7
959.0
,019.3
,110.5
,237.5
, 360.9
, 450.6
, 609.5
, 827.6
:2,038.4
'ii, 268.3
69.7
65.5
74.5
80.0
79.6
79.2
92.5
94.4
99.7
106.6
112.7
116.8
130.9
J49.6
153.7
187.8
193.7
188.4
208.6
232.2
264.9
281.0
300.0
354.0
393.0
454.4
19.2
17.2
18.1
18.5
18.0
16.7
18.6
18.6
18.2
18.5
18.3
17.8
18.1
19.3
18.5
20.8
20.2
18.5
18.8
18.8
19.5
19.8
18.6
18.3
19.3
20.0
70.9
68.5
70.5
76.7
82.6
92.1
92.2
97.8
106.8
111.3
118.6
118.4
134.7
158.3
178.8
184.5
196.6
211.4
232.0
247.1
269.6
326.1
366.5
411.2
440.0
466.0
Total
A
of GNP
19.4
18.0
17.1
17.7
]8.7
19.5
18.5
19.2
19.5
19.3
19.2
18.0
18.7
20.4
21.5
20.4
20.5
20.7
20.9
19.9
19.8
22.4
22.8
22.5
21.6
20.5
Held by the
public
Total
P
of GNP
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973_
1974
1975
1976
Federal debt, end of year
.1
1.4
8.0
7.2
10.8
9.2
10.9
*
1
6
4
.7
.6
.7
of GNP
70.9
68.5
70.5
76.7
82.6
92.1
92.2
97.8
106.8
111.3
118.6
118.4
134.7
158.3
178.8
184.5
196.6
211.4
232.0
247.1
271.1
334.1
373.7
422.0
449.1
476.9
19.4
18.0
17.1
17.7
)8.7
19.5
18.5
19.2
19.5
19 3
19.7
18.0
18.7
20.4
21.5
20.4
20.5
70.7
70.9
70.0
19.9
23.0
73 7
23.1
22.0
21.0
270.8
274.4
272.8
272.4
279.7
287.8
290.9
292.9
303.3
310.8
316.8
323.2
329.5
341.3
369.8
367.1
382.6
409.5
437.3
468.4
486.2
544.1
631.9
716.7
785.0
NA
74 5
72.2
66 4
63.0
63.3
60 8
58 5
57 6
55 5
53 9
51.4
49 7
45 7
44 1
44 6
40 6
39.9
40.7
39.4
37.9
35 7
V 5
39 3
39.2
38.5
NA
*0.05% or less.
Note.— Exchange stabilization fund included from 1976.
NA= Not available.
The 1972-76 data have been revised to include the Export-Import Bank in the unified budget instead of with the off-budget Federal entities.
P
of GNP
of GNP
224.5
226.6
222.2
219.4
226.4
235.0
237.2
238.6
248.4
254.5
257.6
261.6
264.7
267.5
290.6
279.5
284.9
304.3
323.8
343.0
346.1
396.9
480.3
560.3
615.8
NA
61 7
59.6
54 1
50 7
51 7
49 7
47 7
46 9
45 4
44 7
41 8
39
36
M
35
30
8
7
*
>
0
9
Ul
H
W
F
29.7
79.9
79.2
27.7
75 4
77.4
79,8
30.7
30.2
NA
CO
O
Constant (fisc al year 1972) prices
Curren t prices
Nondefense
Nondefense
Total
Fiscal year
National
Total
defense
1955..
1956
1957
1958
1959..
I960..
1961
1962
1963..
1964..
1965_.
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970 _
1971 .
1972..
1973
1974
1975
1976
_ ..
.
_ _
__
-.
.
_ . _
TQ
1977 estimate
1978 estimate
1979 estimate
_
..
68.5
70.5
76.7
82.6
92.1
92.2
97.8
106.8
111.3
118.6
118.4
134.7
158.3
178.8
184.5
196.6
211.4
232.0
247.1
269.6
326.1
366.5
94.7
411.2
440.0
466.0
39.9
39.8
42.3
43.8
45.9
45.2
46.6
50.4
51.5
52.7
48.6
55.9
69.1
79.4
80.2
79.3
76.8
77.4
75.1
78.6
86.6
90.0
22.5
100.1
112.3
123.8
28.6
30.7
34.5
38.8
46.2
47.0
51.2
56.4
59.8
65.8
69.8
78.8
89.2
99.4
104.3
117.3
134.6
154.7
172.0
191.1
239.5
276.5
72.2
311.2
327.7
342.2
Payments
Net
All
Total
National
individuals
13.0
13.8
15.6
19.4
21.2
22.9
25.9
27.1
28.7
29.7
30.4
34.3
40.1
45.9
52.8
59.8
74.5
85.3
95.9
111.1
142.6
167.3
42.7
183.7
193.6
206.2
436
Table 22. COMPOSITION OF BUDGET OUTLAYS I N CURRENT A N D CONSTANT (FISCAL YEAR 1972) PRICES: 1955-1979
(In billions of dollars)
Total
Payments
Net
All
defense individuals
4.8
5.1
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.9
6.7
6.9
7.7
8.2
8.6
9.4
10.3
11.1
12.7
14.4
14.8
15.5
17.4
21.5
23.3
26.8
7.0
29.8
31.1
32.7
10.8
11.8
13.5
13.7
19.2
17.2
18.6
22.4
23.4
27.9
30.8
35.1
38.8
42.4
38.9
43.1
45.2
53.9
58.7
58.5
73.6
82.3
22.5
97.7
103.0
103.3
134.3
133.0
137.2
141.9
153.9
150.8
157.1
168.7
170.7
177.4
173.3
187.9
212.1
229.5
223.1
220.8
223.0
232.0
233.2
231.4
251.9
264.4
66.1
278.0
281.0
281.0
75.9
73.0
74.0
74.1
75.3
73.9
74.8
79.3
79.0
78.8
71.0
77.7
93.2
102.2
98.8
91.1
82.3
77.4
70.5
68.3
67.0
64.6
15.7
67.0
70.2
72.5
58.5
60.0
63.2
67.7
78.7
76.9
82.3
89.4
91.7
98.6
102.3
110.2
118.9
127.3
124.3
129.7
140.8
154.7
162.7
163.1
184.8
199.8
50.4
211.0
210.8
208.5
19.9
21.2
23.2
28.0
30.1
32.1
35.8
37.1
38.7
39.7
40.1
44.2
50.1
55.6
60.9
65.1
77.2
85.3
92.2
98.0
113.3
124.1
30.7
128.0
128.1
129.7
17.7
16.9
16.1
16.2
16.5
16.3
16.2
16.7
16.8
16.8
16.7
16.5
16.1
16.9
15.5
15.0
15.2
15.5
15.4
14.3
14.6
16.4
4.1
17.7
18.3
18.1
20.9
22.0
23.9
23.6
32.1
28.5
30.3
35.7
36.2
42.2
45.5
49.6
52.7
54.8
47.8
49.6
48.3
53.9
55.1
50.7
57.0
59.3
15.6
65.3
64.5
60.6
M
r\
Q
H
M
1 t
—
o
>
fc—f
>
W
CD
<!
00
437
SUMMARY TABLES
Table 23. BUDGET RECEIPTS AND OUTLAYS, 1789-1979 (in millions of dollars)
Fiscal year
1789-1849
1850-1900
1901-1905
1906-1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916 _.
1917 .
1918 _. _
1919
1920
1921
1922_1923
1924
1925
1926 _
1927
1928
1929
1930
_
.
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
Receipts
Outlays
Surplus
or
deficit ( - )
Fiscal year
1.090
+70 1944_ __
15.453
-991 1945. __ _ __
1946
2.678
+119 1947
3.196
- 5 2 1948
691
+ 1 1 1949
690
+3 1950
715
- * 1951
726
- * 1952
746
- 6 3 1953
713
+ 4 8 1954
1,954
- 8 5 3 1955
_
U,677 -9,032 1956
_
18.493 -13,363 1957
6.358
+291 1958
5,571
5,062
+509 1959
4,026
3,289
+736 1960
3,853
3,140
+713 1961. _
3,871
2,908
+963 1962_ _
3,641
2,924
+717 1963_ __
3,795
2,930
+865 1964
4,013 2,857
+1,155 1965
3,900
2,961
+939 1966
3,862
3,127
+734 1967
.
4,058
3,320
+738 1968
3,116 3,577
- 4 6 2 1969
1,924
4,659
-2,735 1970
1,997
4,598
-2,602 1971
3,015
6,645
-3,630
3,706
6,497
-2,791 1972
3,997
8,422
-4,425 1973
4,956
7,733
-2,777 1974
5,588
6,765
-1,177 1975
4,979
8,841
-3,862 1976
6,361
9,456
-3,095 TQ
8,621 13,634
- 5 , 0 1 3 1977 est
14,350 35,114 - 2 0 , 7 6 4 1978 est
23.649 78,533 -54,884 1979 est
1.160
14.462
2.797
3,143
702
693
714
725
683
761
1,101
3,645
5,130
6,649
Receipts
Outlays
Surplus
or
deficit ( - )
44,276
45,216
39,327
38,394
41,774
39,437
91,280
92,690
55.183
34.532
29,773
38,834
-47,004
-47,474
-15,856
+3.862
+12,001
+603
39,485
42,597
-3,112
51,646
66,204
69,574
69,719
65,469
74.547
79.990
79.636
79,249
92,492
45,546
67,721
76,107
70,890
68,509
70.460
76.741
82.575
92,104
92.223
+6,100
-1,517
-6,533
-1,170
-3,041
+4,087
+3.249
-2,939
-12,855
+269
94.389
99,676
106.560
112,662
116,833
130.856
149.552
153,671
187,784
193,743
97,795
106,813
111,311
118,584
118,430
134.652
158.254
178,833
184,548
196,588
-3,406
-7,137
-4,751
-5,922
-1,596
-3.796
-8,702
-25,161
+3,236
-2,845
188,392
208.649
232.225
264.932
280,997
300,005
81,773
354,045
393,017
454,360
211,425
232.021
247.074
269,620
326,105
366,466
94,746
411,243
439,967
465,967
-23,033
-23,372
-14,849
-4,668
-45,108
-66,461
-12,973
-57,198
-46,950
-11,607
Totals, including outlays of off-budget Federalentities
Fiscal year
1973
1974
1975
1976
.
.
Outlays
of offbudget
Federal
entities
60
1,447
8,041
7,196
Total
outlays
Total
deficit
Fiscal year
247,134 -14,909 TQ
271,067 -6,135 1977 est
334,146 -53,149 1978 est
373.662 -73,657 1979 est
Outlays
of offbudget
Federal
entities
Total
outlays
Total
deficit
1.767 96,513 -14,740
10,785 422,028 -67,983
9,156 449,124 -56,107
10,899 476,866 -22,506
* $500 thousand or less.
Notes.— Certain interfund transactions are excluded from receipts and outlays starting in 1932.
For years prior to 1932 the amounts of such transactions are not significant.
Refunds of receipts are excluded from receipts and outlays starting in 1913; comparable data
are not available for prior years.
Data for 1789-1939 are for the administrative budget: 1940-1979 are for the unified budget.
In calendar year 1976, the Federal fiscal year was converted from a July 1-June 30 basis to an
Oct. l-Sept. 30 basis. The TQ refers to the transition quarter from July 1 to Sept 30. 1976.
Off-budget Federal entity outlays begin in 1973.
INDEX
ACTION, 137,337
Administrative Conference of the United States,
338
Administrative Office of the United States
Courts, 246
Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental
Relations, 349
Aeronautical technology, 126
Aeronautics Board, Civil, 126, 339
Aeronautics and Space Administration, National, 94, 126,333-334
Africa, aid to Southern, 90
Africa, peace in Southern, 87
Aged:
Assistance, 289
Community service employment, 309
Economic security, 168
Insurance, 289
Personal income exemption, 168
Agency for International Development, 91
Agricultural commodities, price support, 261
Agricultural commodity programs, market
oriented, 116
Agricultural Economics, 258
Agricultural Library, National, 258
Agricultural Marketing Service, 263-264
Agricultural Research Service, 256-257
Agricultural research and services, 118-120
Agricultural Service, Foreign, 259
Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation
Service, 260
Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance
Act (Public Law 83-480), 259
Agriculture:
Budget proposals, 116
Credit programs, 116
Credit programs, by program or agency,
totals, table, 1976-79, 120
Emergency credit programs, 120
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program, totals, table, 1976-79, 117
Program analysis, by function, 116-120
Agriculture, Department of, 136, 138, 141, 195,
256-267
Aid to families with dependent children
(AFDC), 151-152, 172
Air carrier economic regulatory reform, 121,
126
Air traffic controllers, 126
Air transportation, 126
Aircraft, noise, 126
Aircraft energy requirements, reduction of, 126
Airlift forces, 81
Airmen's Home, Soldiers' and, 280-281
Airport and airway trust fund, 318
Airports, Metropolitan Washington, 317
Alaska Highway, 318
Alaska, Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning
Commission for, 359
Alaska Power Administration, 302
Alaska Railroad, 320
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, 284
Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of, 187,
324
Allied capabilities, 74
Allied services, 153,291
Allocations between agencies, explanation, 231
Allowances, outlays and recommended budget
authority, totals, table, 1976-79, 199-200
American Battle Monuments Commission, 338
American Indian tribal governments, 138
American Printing House for the Blind, 149.290
American Revolution Bicentennial Administration, 347-348
American Shipbuilding, Commission on, 360
Amtrak program, 125
Animal disease control, 119
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,
257
Animal Quarantine Station, 257
Antirecession fiscal assistance, 194-195
Antitrust enforcement activities, 185
Appalachian Regional Commission, 349
Appalachian Regional Development Commission, 140-141
Appalachian regional development programs,
138,250
Appeals, Court of Military, 275
Appeals Courts, 245-246
Appellate Court System of the United States,
Commission on Revision of the Federal, 246
Appellate and district courts, 187
Apportionment system, 225
Appropriations. 204, 229
Architect of the Capitol, 240-241
Archives and Records Service, National, 330
Area and regional development, 13
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency,
United States, 338
Army:
Cemeterial expenses, 279
Civil functions, 279-283
Corps of Engineers, 279-280
Art, National Gallery of, 358
Arts, Commission of Fine, 341
Arts and the Humanities, National Foundation
on the, 149,353
Arts and humanities grant program, 149
439
440
T H E BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
Assessment, Office of Technology, 244
Atmospheric Administration, National Oceanic
and, 115,269-270
Atomic energy defense activities, 86
Automated data service, General Services
Administration, 330-331
Aviation Administration, Federal, 126, 317-318
Aviation safety, 317
B
Balance of payments loan for Portugal, 87,
92-93
Balances:
Budget authority, explanation, 231
Budget authority, totals, table, 1976-78,
382-383
Unobligated, 231
Baltimore-Washington Parkway, 319
Banks:
Federal home loan, 31, 227
Federal intermediate credit, 31
Federal land, 31
Federal Reserve, 198
For cooperatives, 31
Basis for budget figures, 234-236
Beautification, Commission on Highway, 360
Beautification, highway, 360
Bicentennial
Administration,
American
Revolution, 347-348
Bicentennial expenses, The Judiciary, 246
Bicentennial land heritage program, 101, 114
Bilateral development assistance, 91, 252
Biomedical research, 284
Blind, American Printing House for the,290
Blind and Other Severely Handicapped, Committee for Purchase from the, 341
Bonneville Power Administration, 302
Borrowing and debt repayments, definition,
233
Botanic Garden, 243
Bridges, alteration of, 316
Broadcasting, Board for International, 92
Broadcasting, Corporation for Public, 149, 342
Budget:
Accounts listing, 237-366
Allowances, 236
Allowances, outlays and recommended
budget authority, totals, table, 1976-79.
199-200
By agency, for each account and functional
code, 237-366
Ceilings, 225,227
Changes over time, 5-6
Collections, discussion, 231-233
Composition, table, 1956-82, 48
Congressional action, 223-225
Coverage, 227-228
Current services estimates, 223
Data for 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979, 234-235
Data for transition quarter, 234-235
Debts, and loans, table, 1976-78,27
Deficit, M4
Deficit, total, table, 1976-78, 207
Deficit, total, table, 1976-79, 3
1978
Budget—Continued
Discussion, 25
Execution and control, 225-226
Executive formulation and transmittal,
222-223
Federal funds, totals, table, 1976-78,210
Federal program by function, discussion,
70-71
Federal spending trends, 71
Figures, basis for, 234-236
Financing, table, 1976-78, 379
Financing and change in debt limit, table,
1976-78,209
Financing and change in outstanding debt,
table, 1976-78, 206
Firm ceilings, 71
Functional classification:
Changes, 70-71
Discussion, 70-71
Funds, discussion, 206-210
Interest, net impact, 198
Legislative proposals for major new and
expanded programs, 1978, projection of
costs, 1977-82,422-425
Margin, full-employment, table, 1976-82, 47
Margin, table, 1977-82,4
Margin without the President's proposals,
table, 1977-82,5
Message of the President, M1-M7
Out-year effects of current proposals, 3-4
Outlays, composition in current and constant
prices, totals, table, 1955-79, 438
Outlays, controllability, totals, table, 1968—
78, 420-421
Outlays, total, table, 1971-79, 73
Priorities, M3
Procedures, new congressional, 222
Process, discussion, 222-227
Projections, M3, M6-M7
Proposals, discussion, 9
Proposals, effect of, table, 1977-82, 9
Receipts, definition, 231-232
Receipts, discussion, 56
Receipts and outlays, totals, table, 1789—
1979, 439
Restraint, M4, M6
Review and audit, 226-227
Selected aspects, 204-219
Summary, totals, table, 1976-78, 371
Surplus, M4
Surplus or deficit, totals, table, 1789-1979,
439
Surplus or deficit by fund group, totals, table,
1976-78, 210
System and concepts, explanation of, 221-236
Targets, 224, 227
Totals, 197
Totals, discussion, 2-7
Totals, exceptions, 227
Totals, table, 1976-79, 3
Totals by fund group, table, 1976-78, 207
Trends, M3, M4
Trends, discussion, 48-49
Trust funds, totals, table, 1976-78, 210
441
INDEX
Budget, Office of Management and, 222, 249
Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974,
Congressional, 205, 222
Budget and management reviews, integration
of, 24
Budget authority:
Available through current action by Congress,
totals, table, 1976,377
Balances, by agency, totals, table, 1976-78,
382-383
Balances, explanation, 231
By agency, totals, table, 1978-82, 53
By function, totals, table, 1978-82, 51
By function, totals, table, 1976-79, 373
By function and agency, totals, table, 1976—
78, 391-403
Congressional action, 204
Construction and procurement programs, 204
Defense, national, 78
Deferrals, 205, 226
Direct loans, 204
Discussion, 7, 204-205
Explanation, 229-231
Foreign assistance, total, 89
Foreign information and exchange activities,
92
Granting of, 224
Guaranteed loan programs, 204-205
Housing programs, subsidized, 204
International affairs, totals, table, 1976-79,88
Military credit sales to Israel, 87
Multilateral assistance, 90
Off-budget Federal entities, by agency, totals,
table, 1976-79,374
Off-budget Federal entities, by function,
totals, table, 1976-79,373
Off-budget Federal entities, by function and
agency, totals, table, 1976-79, 403-404
Off-budget Federal entities, total, 204
Off-budget Federal entities, total, table,
1976-78,8
On budget, total, 204
Relation to outlays, chart, 205
Relation to outlays, totals, table, 1976-78,
380-381
Rescission, 205, 226
Reserves, 226
Student loan program, guaranteed, 149
Summary:
By agency, totals, table, 1976-79, 374
Totals, table, 1976-78,371
Targets by major function, 71
Totals, table, 1976-78,8
Trust funds, 204
Budget Committees, 224
Budget Concepts, President's Commission on,
27
Budget Office, Congressional, 189, 240
Budgetary reform in Federal programs, M5
Buildings, Federal, 329
Buildings repair and alteration, Governmentowned, 189
Business Administration, Domestic and International, 269
Business and industrial development loans, 138
Cabinet Committee on Opportunities for
Spanish-Speaking People, 339
Canal Zone Government, 281
Capitol, Architect of the, 240-241
Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance, M5
Cemeterial expenses, Army, 279
Census, Bureau of the, 131, 267
Census of Population and Housing, 1980, 131
Censuses, periodic, 267
Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange
Between East and West, 314
Center for Disease Control, 284
Central Intelligence Agency, 339
Child nutrition program spending, M5
Children:
Dependent, aid to families with, 151-152, Ml
Needy, block grants for, 164, 175
Nutrition programs, M5, 164, 175, 215, 264265
Civil Aeronautics Board, 126, 339
Civil Defense program, 277
Civil Rights, Commission on, 341
Civil Rights, Office for, 291
Civil Service Commission, 339-340
Claims:
Defense, Department of, 275
Indian, 348
Prisoners of war, 347
Vietnam," 347
Claims, Court of, 245
Claims Commission, Indian, 348
Claims Settlement Commission, Foreign, 347
Coal miners, disabled, 168, 289
Coast Guard, 121,127,316-317
Coastal energy impact program, 109, 114, 133,
140
Coastal zone management, 114
College housing, 293
Commerce, advancement and regulation of, 131
Commerce, Department of, 114, 152, 139-140.
267-272
Commerce, promotion of, 269
Commerce Commission, Interstate, 351
Commerce and transportation:
Budget proposals, 121
Credit programs, table, 1976-78, 132
Outlays, 121-122
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, table,
1976-79, 122-123
Program analysis, by function, 121-132
Committees on the Budget, Senate and House
of Representatives, 28
Commodity Credit Corporation, 261
Commodity Credit Corporation, outlays, by
program or agency, totals, table, 1976-79, \ 19
Commodity Futures Trading Commission, 341
Communications Commission, Federal, 344
Communications programs, 80-81
Community action programs, 137-138
Community development:
Block grant program, 133
Comprehensive planning, 136
Community planning and development, 294
442
THE
BUDGET
FOR
Community and regional development:
Budget proposals, 133
Credit programs, table, 1976-78, 142
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, table,
1976-79, 134
Program analysis, by function, 133-142
Community Relations Service, 308
Community service employment for older
Americans, 151
Community Services Administration, 137-138,
341-342
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act,
150
Comptroller of the Currency, Office of the, 326
Comptroller General, 226
Conciliation Service, Federal Mediation and,
346
Congress, Library of, 242
Congress of the United States, M6, 189, 239
Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.28,43. 71,205,222-223,227
Congressional budget committees, M6-M7
Congressional Budget Office, 189, 224. 240
Congressional budget process, M6
Congressional Research Service, 242
ConRail, 125
Conservation:
Agriculture, 260
Energy, 103-104, 105
Soil, 262-263
Conservation Corps, Youth, 265
Conservation and land management, 113-114
Consolidated Rail Corporation, 121, 125
Construction grants:
Bureau of Indian Affairs, 140
Hospitals and health facilities, 335
Construction programs:
Defense-Military, 80. 276-277
General Services Administration, 90
Justice, Department of, 185, 187-188
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 126, 333
Public facilities, 135
Railroads, 125
Sewage treatment facilities, 109-110
Ships, 127
Tennessee Valley Authority, 112
Veterans Administration, 183, 335
Waste treatment facilities, 101
Construction projects:
Corps of Engineers, 111
Energy Research and Development Administration, 99
Nuclear reactor, 106
Saint Elizabeths Hospital, 161
State. Department of, 92
Veterans Administration, 183
Consumer Affairs, Office of, 291
Consumer affairs and regulatory functions, 295
Consumer Information Center. 332
Consumer Price Index, 164-165, 169
Consumer Product Safety Commission, 342
Consumer programs, 263-265
Consumer safety, 163
FISCAL
YEAR
1978
Contingencies, 199, 226
Contract authority, 229
Cooperation and Security in Europe, Commission on, 243
Cooperative State Research Service, 257
Copyright Office, 242
Copyright Royalty Tribunal, 243
Copyrighted Works, National Commission on
New Technologic Uses of, 242
Corps of Engineers—Civil, 279-280
Correctional and rehabilitation activities, 187188
Corrections, National Institute of, 308
Cost-Accounting Standards Board, 243
Council of Economic Advisers, 248
Council on Environmental Quality, 248
Council on International Economic Policy, 248
Credit Administration, Farm, 344
Credit guarantees, 31
Credit Union Administration, National, 352
Crime, white collar and organized, 185
Crop insurance, 116, 117-118
Crop Insurance Corporation, Federal, 260-261
Crop production research, 119
Cuban refugee program, 164, 175-177
Cultural Cooperation, National Commission
on, 314
Cultural exchange activities, 314
Current budget authority, definition, 230
Current expense and capital outlay, explanation, 228
Customs Court, 245
Customs duties, 46, 57, 67
Customs and Patent Appeals, Court of, 245
Customs Service, United States, 187, 324
D
Dairy price support program, 118
Darien Gap Highway, 318
Deaf, National Technical Institute for the, 290
Debt and loans, table, 1976-78. 27
Defense, Department of—Civil. 279-283
Defense, Department of—Military: 76-84, 273279
Construction 276-277
Operation and maintenance, 273-275
Procurement. 275-276
Revolving and management funds, 277
Research and development, 79, 81-82, 276
Research and development, total obligational
authority, 81-82
Summary, total obligational authority, table,
1976-79, 78
Defense, national:
Budget proposals, 74
Credit programs, table, 1976-78, 93
Increase in funding, 75
Outlays, total, table, 1971-79,73
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, table, 197679,76
Procurement, 79-80
Program analysis, by function, 74-86
Program initiatives, 77-78
443
INDEX
Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, 277
Defense Manpower Commission, 360
Defense policy, national, 74-75
Defense preparedness, 76
Defense production, expansion of, 251
Defense spending, M5, 72-73
Defense systems, deterrent capability, 74
Deferral, definition, 230
Deficit or surplus, 231
Deficit or surplus, table, 1976-78, 206
Deficit or surplus, totals, table, 1789-1979, 439
Definite budget authority, definition, 230
Definition of terms, 227-228
Delaware River Basin Commission, 350
Depletion limits, oil and gas, 57
Development assistance, economic, 268
Development assistance, international, 252
Development Service, Rural, 261
Disability insurance, Federal, 169-170, 290
Disadvantaged benefits, 150
Disaster assistance, international, 253
Disaster relief, 133, 141,250
Disease Control, Center for, 284
District Courts, 245-246
District of Columbia: 161, 342
Federal payment to, 193, 195
Home Rule Act, 136
Loans to, 136
Domestic assistance, table, 1956-82, 48
Domestic Council, 249
Domestic and International Business Administration, 269
Drug Abuse, Mental Health, and Alcohol
Administration, 284
Drug Abuse Policy, Office on, 249
Drug Abuse Prevention, Special Action Office
for, 250
Drug Enforcement Administration, 187, 308
Drugs, control of dangerous, 185
Earth resources satellite, 94
Earth
resources
technology
satellite
(LANDSAT), 97
Earthquake hazards reduction program, 101
Earthquake prediction, 94, 115
Economic Advisers, Council of, 248
Economic Analysis, Bureau of, 268
Economic assumptions, discussion, 40-43
Economic Development Administration, 139,
268
Economic development assistance, 268
Economic Management Support Center, Agriculture Department, 258
Economic Policy, Council on International, 248
Economic projections, 41-42
Economic Research Service, Agriculture Department, 258-259
Economic stabilization activities, 251
Education:
Adult, 146-148
Aid to agencies, 146-148
Block grants to States, 143, 146-148
Child development, 148
Credit programs, table, 1976-78, 148
Education—Continued
Disadvantaged, 143-146
Elementary and secondary, M5, 143, 146-148,
286
Federally impacted areas, 143, 146-148
Handicapped, 143-146, 286
Health, 161-163
Health professions loans, 155
Higher, 148-149,287
Indians, 286
International exchange activities, 314
Minority and women post-secondary graduates, 143, 149
Needy students, 143
Occupational, 286
Research and development, 149
Veterans, 180-181
Vocational and adult, 146-148, 286
Education, National Commission on the
Financing of Postsecondary, 360
Education, National Institute of, 149, 287
Education, Office of, 286-287
Education, Office of the Assistant Secretary for,
287-288
Education, training, employment, and social
services:
Budget proposals, 143
Outlays, 143
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, table, 1976—
79, 144-145
Program analysis, by function, 143-154
Education, and Welfare, Department of Health,
172
Education programs, 286-288
Educational Cooperation, National Commission on, 314
Educational development, 287
Eisenhower College grants, 324
Electrification Administration, Rural, 139
Electronic Fund Transfers, National Commission on, 360
Emergency Loan Guarantee Board, 343
Emergency rail facilities restoration, 320
Emergency school aid, 286
Employees Retirement and Income Security
Act, 168
Employment, full-time permanent civilian, by
agency, totals, table, 384
Employment and Training Administration,
309-310
Employment assistance, temporary, 150, 309
Employment Opportunity Commission, Equal,
343
Employment services, Federal-State, 152
Employment Standards Administration, 310-
311
Endangered species, 113,115
Energy:
Coastal impact program, 133,140
Conservation, 103-104,105
Geothermal, 97
Loans, 100
Outer Continental Shelf, 140
Policy, national, 103-104
Regulation programs, 106
Research, 106-107
444
T H E BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
Energy—Continued
Research and development, 100, 106-107,
328
Energy, Department of, 100,104
Energy Administration, Federal, 106, 344-345
Energy Independence Authority, 28, 100, 104,
227, 343
Energy and mineral development, 113
Energy and minerals, 105-106, 301-302
Energy Research and Development Administration, 94, 99, 327-328
Engraving and Printing, Bureau of, 325
Environmental Financing Authority fund,
27-28
Environmental Protection Agency, 101, 328-329
Environmental Quality, Council on, 248
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,
343
Estate and gift taxes, 46,57
European Space Agency, 96
Exchange of cash, 234
Exchange Commission, Securities and, 357
Exchange stabilization fund, 28, 227
Excise tax, 46,57,63,67
Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries,
Commission on, 191, 360
Executive Branch of the Federal Government,
M6
Executive Office of the President, 189, 247250
Executive Residence, 248
Expenditures, national income accounts, totals,
table, 1967-78,436
Export-Import Bank, 27, 92, 343
Export promotion program, 92
Extension Service, Agriculture Department, 257
19 7 8
Federal Energy Administration, 106, 344-345
Federal finance and the gross national product,
table, 1955-79, 437
Federal Financing Bank 7, 28, 30, 108, 207,
189, 191-192, 195-196, 227
Federal funds, explanation, 206, 228
Federal funds, financing, totals, table, 1976-78,
209
Federal Government and the economy, M3, M5
Federal Government program reforms, M6
Federal Government programs, M3
Federal Government programs, consolidation
of, M5
Federal Government responsibilities, M5
Federal Highway Administration, 318-319
Federal Home Loan Bank Board, 345
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, 31
Federal Housing Administration, 128-129, 293
Federal hydroelectric projects, 112
Federal Insurance Administration, 295
Federal intrafund transactions, definition, 233
Federal Judicial Center, 246
Federal Labor Relations Council, 340
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, 323
Federal Maritime Commission, 345
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service,
346
Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety
Board of Review, 346
Federal National Mortgage Association, 31, 129
Federal Paperwork, Commission on, 360
Federal Pay, Advisory Committee on, 338
Federal Power Commission, 106, 346
Federal Preparedness Agency, 331
Federal Prison System, 308
Federal Procurement Policy, Office of, 249
Federal program, by agency and account, 237—
366
Fair labor management practices, 152-153
Family housing, Defense Department, 277
Farm Credit Administration, 344
Farm income stabilization, 116-118
Farm price support program, 116, 212-216
Farmer Cooperative Service, 259
Farmers Home Administration, 119, 129-130,
138,262
Federal-aid highways, 319
Federal Aviation Administration, 126, 317-318
Federal Bureau of Investigation, 186, 308
Federal Communications Commission, 344
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, 260-261
Federal debt, 371,379, 437
Federal debt, discussion, 206-210
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, 103,
344
Federal Election Commission, 344
Federal employees:
Compensation, 164
Management, 191
Pay increase, 199
Retirement and disability fund, 169-170
Retirement program, 212-214
Salary comparability, 191
Federal program, by function, 69-201
Federal Railroad Administration, 320-321
Federal Reserve System, 198
Federal Reserve System, Board of Governors of
the, 227
Federal spending, M4, M6
Federal and State Laws, National Commission
for the Review of, 360
Federal Supply Service, 330
Federal Trade Commission, 346-347
Financial Assistance for Elementary an 1
Secondary Education Act, 146
Financial Assistance for Health Care Act, 155
Financial Oversight of the District of Columbia,
Temporary Commission on, 244
Financing, budget, means of, table, 1976-78,
379
Fire Prevention and Control Administration,
National, 270
Firearms, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and, 187,
324
Firearms, illegal commerce in, 187
Fiscal activities outside the Federal budget, 2538
Fiscal outlook, discussion, 44-48
Fiscal year, new, 222
Fish and Wildlife Service, 114-115, 299-300
445
INDEX
Fisheries, international commissions. 314
Fisheries enforcement, 200-mile, 121, 127
Five-year projections, Federal outlays and receipts, 43
Fleet, rebuilding of, 74
Flood insurance, 133, 141, 295
Food and Drug Administration, 283
Food and Nutrition Service, 264-265
Food for peace, 91, 119
Food stamp program, 174, 215,264
Forces, general purpose, defense, 74, 79-80
Forces, land, 74
Forces, strategic, 74
Foreign affairs, administration of, 312-313
Foreign affairs, conduct of, 92
Foreign agricultural assistance, 259-260
Foreign Agriculture Service, 259
Foreign aid programs, 87-92
Foreign assistance, 251
Foreign assistance, by outlays and budget authority, totals, table, 1976-79, 89
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 347
Foreign Currency: Special programs: Defense,
Department of—Military, 277
Foreign economic and financial assistance, 87,
90
Foreign information and exchange activities, 92
Foreign military sales, 87
Foreign Policy, Commission on the Organization of the Government for the conduct of,
360
Forest Service, 113,265-266
Forests, protection and management, 265
Fossil fuel production, 106
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial Commission, 348
Full-employment budget, discussion, 46-48
Functional classification, 70-71
Functional classification, definition, 227-228
Funds, types of, explanation, 228
Funds appropriated to the President, 250-255
Gallaudet College, 149,290
Gambling, Commission on the Review of the
National Policy toward, 360
General Accounting Office, 189, 243
General fund, explanation, 228
General Government:
Budget proposals, 189
Credit programs, 192
Outlays, 190
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, table,
1976-79, 190
Program analysis, by function, 189-192
General purpose forces, defense, 74, 79-80
General revenue sharing, 212-214
General science, space and technology:
Budget proposals, 94
Outlays, 94
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, table, 197679,95
Program analysis, by function, 94-99
240-000 O - 77 - 29
General Services Administration, 190-191,
329-333
Geological Survey, 98, 115,301
Geothermal resources, 106, 327
GI bill, education benefits, 180-181
Government Financial Operations, Bureau of,
323-324
Government National Mortgage Association
(GNMA), 128,294
Government Printing Office, 243
Government spending, control of, M4
Government spending, rate of growth, M3
Government sponsored-enterprises, 25, 129,227
Grain Inspection Service, 116
Grazing permits, 195
Gross National Product:
Federal finance and, table. 1954-79,437
Projections, 42
Public debt as a percent of, table, 1954-79,
437
Ratio to Federal spending, M3
Ground transportation, 122-126
Guaranteed loans, discussion, 31-34
Guaranteed loans, table, 1976-78, 33
Guard forces, 81
H
Handicapped, Committee for Purchase from
the Blind and Other Severely, 341
Handicapped, education of, 143-146,286
Harry S Truman Scholarship Foundation, 347
Head Start, 137, 148
Health:
Block grants to States, 155, 158
Budget proposals, 155
Coast Guard, 161
Education and training, 161-163
Federal prisoners, 161
Indians, 160-161,283
Insurance, 290
Manpower, 161
Outlays, 155
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, table, 197679, 156
Program analysis, by function, 155-163
Research, 155, 161-162
Tax expenditures, 160
Health, Education, and Welfare, Department
of, 172,283-292
Health, National Institutes of, 284
Health, Office of the Assistant Secretary for,
285-286
Health Administration, Occupational Safety
and, 311
Health care services, 158-161
Health maintenance organizations, 155, 160
Health, problems, prevention and control, 163
Health Resources Administration, 285
Health and Safety Review Commission, Occupational, 355
Health services, M5
Health Services Administration, 283
Higher education, 148-149, 287
Highway Administration, Federal, 318-319
446
T H E BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
Highway Beautification, Commission on, 360
Highway crossings, Federal projects, 319
Highway safety programs, 318
Highway Traffic Safety Administration, National, 320-321
Highways:
Alaska, 318
Appalachian, 141
Baltimore-Washington Parkway, 319
Beautification, 318
DarienGap, 318
Federal-aid program, 124
Interstate Highway system, 124
Overseas, 319
Safety, 319
Scenic and recreational, 318
Historic Preservation, Advisory Council on, 338
Historic preservation grants, 101, 115
Historical commissions, 347-348
Home Loan Bank Board, Federal, 345
Homeownership assistance program, 173
Homeownership opportunities, 121
Homeownership and rental assistance program,
293
Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and
Peace, 324
Hospital Insurance, Federal, 290
Hospital insurance program, 155
Hospitals and health facilities, veterans, 335
House of Representatives, 239
Housing:
Assistance, 173-174
Census of, 131
College, 293
Construction, 129, 173-174
Counseling services, 295
Credit, 127-130
Elderly and handicapped, 129
Guarantees of mortgage-backed securities,
294
Homeownership opportunities, 121
Homeownership and rental assistance, 293
Indians, 173
Insulation assistance, 105
Loan assistance, 129
Low-income housing demonstration program,
296
Low-income projects, 293
Lower-income assistance program, 173
Mortgage credit, 128
Mortgage insurance and credit, 121
Payments, 212-214, 293
Production, 127
Programs, 292-295
Public, 173
Public, low-rent, 293
Rental supplement program, 293
Rent subsidies, 164
Rent assistance fund, 293
Research policy, 295
Rural housing programs, 121
State finance and development agencies, 293
Subsidies for new and existing, 164
Subsidized program, 204
Tax credit for insulation, 100
Veterans, 183
19 7 8
Housing Administration, Federal, 128-129, 293
Housing for the elderly or handicapped fund,
27,227
Housing and Urban Development, Department
of, 128, 135, 173,292-296
Howard University, 149, 290
Human Development, Assistant Secretary for,
290-291
Human resources outlays, total, table, 1971-79,
Humanities, National Foundation on the Arts
and the, 149,353
Hydroelectric projects, Federal, 112
I
Immigration and Naturalization Service, 187,
308
Impoundment Control Act, 226
Income assistance simplification, 172-173
Income security:
Assistance, 164
Budget proposals, 164
Credit programs, table, 1976-78, 177
Outlays, 165
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, table, 1976—
79, 166
Program analysis, by function, 164-177
Tax expenditures, 168-169
Income tax, 46, 56, 57, 61-63, 66
Income tax changes effective after 1979, 62-63
Income tax credit, earned, 177
Income tax reductions, individual and corporate, 2, 57
Indefinite budget authority, definition, 230
Indian Affairs, Bureau of, 140
Indian Claims Commission, 348
Indians:
Education and welfare, 286
Health activities and facilities, 283
Health services, 160-161
Housing, 173
Programs, 140
Social services, 153
Training, 151
Indian Affairs, Bureau of, 303-304
Indochina postwar reconstruction assistance,
252
Industrial Research and Development Foundation, Israel-United States, 254
Industry and commerce, promotion of, 269
Inflation trends, reverse of, M7
Information Agency, United States, 92, 362
Information Science, National Commission on
Libraries and, 352
Inspection Service, Grain, 116
Insurance:
Crop, 117-118
Disability, Federal, 169-170, 290
Disaster relief, 141
Flood, 133, 141,295
Health, 290
Hospital and medical, 155, 214-215, 290
Life, 180
447
INDEX
I nsurance—Continued
Mortgage, 121
Mortgage credit and thrift, 127-130
Old-age and survivors, Federal, 289
Retirement and disability, 165-169
Social, 46
Unemployment, 165, 170-171
Veterans, 180,335,336
Insurance Administration, Federal, 295
Insurance Corporation, Federal Deposit, 130,
344
Intelligence Community Oversight, 351
Intelligence programs, 80-81
Inter-American Foundation, 253
Intercity rail passenger service, 121
Intercontinental ballistic missile, 74
Interest:
Analysis, by function, 197-198
Net outlays, 1976-79, 198
Outlays, 197
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
totals, table, 1976-79, 198
Public debt, 197,204,326
Trust funds, 201
Interfund transactions, definition, 233
Intergovernmental agencies, 349-350
Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA), 191
Intergovernmental Relations, Advisory Commission on, 349
Intergovernmental revolving and management
funds, explanation, 228
Interior, Department of the, 112, 195, 297-307
Internal Revenue Service, 189, 325-326
International affairs:
Budget proposals, 87
Commodity Credit Corporation outlays, 119
Credit programs, table, 1976-78, 93
Loan and loan guarantee programs, 92
Outlays, total, 87
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, tables,
1976-79,88
Program analysis by function, 87-93
International Broadcasting, Board for, 92, 339
International Business Administration, Domestic and, 269
International Center, Washington, D.C., 315
International commissions, 314
International development assistance, 252
International Development Association, 87, 90
International disaster assistance, 253
International Economic Policy, Council on, 248
International educational exchange activities,
314
International financial institutions, 90
International financial programs, 92
International fisheries commissions, 314
International Fund for Agricultural Development, 91
International lending organizations, obligations to, 234
International Monetary Fund, 234
International narcotics control assistance, 254
International organizations and conferences, 90,
313-314
International
organizations
and
programs,
90-91
International peacekeeping activities, 313
International programs, Agriculture Department, 259-260
International relations, M7
International security assistance, 251-252
International Trade Commission, 351
International trade negotiations, 314
International Women's Year, 1975, National
Commission on the Observance of, 361
Interstate Commerce Commission, 351
Interstate Commission on the Potomac River
Basin, 350
Interstate land sales, 295
Intrabudgetary transactions, definition, 232233
Intragovernmental transactions, definition, 232233
Israel-United States Binational Industrial
Research and Development Foundation, 254
j
Japan-United States Friendship Commission,
351-352
Job Corps programs, 151
Job opportunities program, 139, 152
Jobs for Veterans, 184
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing
Arts, 300
Judicial Center, Federal, 246
Judicial Salaries, Commission on Executive,
Legislative, and, 191,360
Judiciary, The, 187, 245-247
Jupiter orbiter/probe mission, 94
Justice, Department of, 185, 307-309
Labor, Department of, 309-312
Labor-Management Services Administration,
310
Labor Relations Board, National, 353
Labor Relations Council, Federal, 340
Labor services, 152-153
Labor standards, 152-153
Labor Statistics, Bureau of, 311
Land forces, 74
Land, sales, interstate, 295
Land and water conservation fund, 101, 114
Land and water resources, 297
Land Management, Bureau of, 113, 297
Land Use Planning Commission for Alaska,
Joint Federal-State, 359
Law enforcement:
Assistance, State and local governments, 188
Budget proposals, 185
Outlays, 185
Outlays and budget authority, by program
or agency, totals, table, 1976-79, 186
Program analysis, by function, 185-188
Prosecution, 185
Law Enforcement Assistance Administration,
188,309
448
T H E BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR
Law Enforcement Training Center, Federal, 323
Legal activities, Justice, Department of, 307308
Legal Services Corporation, 186, 352
Legislative, and Judicial Salaries, Commission
of Executive, 191,360
Legislative Branch, 189, 239-244
Legislative budgetary reform, M4
Legislative proposals for major new and expanded programs in the 1978 budget, projection of costs, 19
Lexington Addiction Research Center, 285
Liabilities in deposit fund accounts, 233-234
Libraries and Information Science, National
Commission on, 352
Library, National Agricultural, 258
Library of Congress, 242
Library resources, 287
Liquor trade, illegal, 187
Litigation, civil and criminal, 185
Loan Bank Board, Federal Home, 345
Loan guarantees: Veterans Administration, 335
Long-term budget projections, M4
Long-range budget projections, discussson,
43-50
Long-range economic assumptions, table, 1979—
82, 42
Longer range economic assumptions, 41-43
Lowell Historic Canal District Commission, 360
Low-income housing demonstration programs,
296
Low-rent public housing, 293
M
Mammal Commission, Marine, 352
Management and Budget, Office of, 222, 249
Management and budget reviews, integration of,
24
Management improvement, expenses of, 251
Manpower, National Commission for, 310
Marine environmental protection, 121, 127
Marine Mammal Commission, 352
Marine navigation facilities, 127
Marine pollution control, 127
Marine safety, 121. 127
Maritime Administration, 271-272
Maritime Commission, Federal, 345
Maritime industry, review of Federal support,
121
Marketing services, agricultural, 259, 263-264
Mass transit, 121, 124
Materials Policy, National Commission on, 360
Materials Transportation Bureau, 321
Mediation Board, National, 354
Mediation and Conciliation Service, Federal,
346
Medicaid, 155, 158,212-214
Medical care, veterans, 335
Medical insurance, Federal supplemental, 214—
215, 290
Medical research, Veterans Administration, 335
Medicare, 155, 159-160,212-214
Memorial commissions 347-348
Mental Health Administration, Alcohol, Drug
Abuse and, 284-285
Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Board of
Review, Federal, 346
1978
Metro, Washington, D.C., 124
Metropolitan Washington Airports, 317
Middle East, peace in, 87
Middle East, aid to, 90
Middle East special requirements fund, 254
Migrant and refugee assistance, 315
Migration and refugee assistance, 91
Military Appeals, Court of, 275
Military assistance, 87-89
Military assistance program, 74, 84
Military capabilities, 74
Military domestic installations, study of, 74
Military personnel:
Active forces, 85, 273
Control of costs, 82-84
Outlays, totals, table, 1964-78, 83
Retired forces, 273
Military personnel summary, table, 85
Military retired pay, outlays, 212-214
Milk program, special, 264
Mine Safety Board of Review, Federal Metal
and Nonmetallic, 346
Mineral leasing programs, 195
Mines, Bureau of, 302
Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration, 301
Minority Business Enterprise, Office of, 269
Mint, Bureau of the, 325
Mobile home construction and safety standards
program, 293
Model Secondary School for the Deaf, 149
Monetary power, exercise of, 233
Mortgage Association, Federal National, 129
Mortgage Association, Government National
(GNMA), 128, 294
Mortgage credit and thrift insurance, 121,127130
Mortgage insurance, 127-130
Mortgage market, 121
Mortgage purchase assistance, 128
Motor carrier economic regulatory reform, 121
Motor carrier transportation system, 125-126
Multilateral assistance, 252
Multilateral development assistance, 90
N
Narcotics control assistance, international, 254
Narcotics and dangerous drugs, reduce smuggling and domestic traffic in, 185
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 94,126,333-334
National Agricultural Library, 258
National Alliance of Businessmen, 184
National Archives and Records Service, 330
National Board for Promotion of Rifle Practice,
Army, 275
National Capital Planning Commission, 138,
352
National Center for Productivity and Quality of
Working Life, 352
National Credit Union Administration, 352
National defense policy, 74-75
National Fire Prevention and Control Administration, 270
National flood insurance program, 141
INDEX
National forest system, 113
National Foundation on the Arts and the
Humanities, 149, 353
National Gallery of Art, 358
National Health Service Corps, 161
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 320
National income accounts, transactions in,
totals, table, 1967-78,436
National Institute of Corrections, 308
National Institute of Education, 149, 287
National Institutes of Health, 284
National Labor Relations Board, 353
National Mediation Board, 354
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 115,269-270
National Park Service, 114-115,300-301
National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska, 105, 113
National Railroad Passenger Corporation, 320
National Science Foundation, 94, 98-99, 354
National security, M5
National Security Council, 249
National Service Life Insurance, 336
National Technical Institute for the Deaf,
149,290
National Transportation Safety Board, 354-355
National Zoological Park, 358
Native American program, 153, 160
NATO, 80
Natural gas, decontrol of prices, 100
Natural resources, environment, and energy:
Budget proposals, 100-101
Credit programs, table, 1976-78, 109
Outlays, 100
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, table, 197679, 102-103
Program analysis, by function, 100-115
Naturalization Service, Immigration and,
187,308
Navajo-Hopi Relocation Commission, 361
Naval Petroleum Reserve, 254, 275
Needy children, M5
New Communities Administration, 295
New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works,
National Commission on, 242
New York City seasonal financing fund, 195,
324
Nonnuclear research and development, 106-107
Northeast-Midwest rail freight service, 121, 125
Northern Mariana Islands, 191
Nuclear deterrent forces, 74, 79
Nuclear materials safety, 106
Nuclear powerplants, 106, 112
Nuclear reactor research, 106-107
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 106, 355
Nuclear research and development, 106
Nuclear weapons, 86
Nutrition programs, 164, 175
Nutrition Service, Food and, 264-265
0
Obligations: Incurred, net, by agency, totals,
table, 1976-78,376
449
Obligations incurred, explanation, 230
Occupational education, 286
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 311
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, 355
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National, 115,269-270
Off-budget agencies, receipts from, 232
Off-budget Federal entities: 125
Budget authority, total, table, 1976-78, 7
Deficit of, totals, table, 1976-79, 3
Energy Independence Authority, 104
Federal Financing Bank, 190
Housing for the elderly or handicapped fund,
129
Outlays, total, table, 1971-79,73
Outlays, totals, table, 1973-79, 439
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, 168
Postal Service, 130-131
Rural electrification and telephone revolving
fund,108
Rural Telephone Bank, 134, 139
United States Railway Association, 125
Off-Budget Federal entities, 207, 227
Off-budget spending, M3
Offsetting collections, definition, 231
Offsetting receipts, by type, 388-390
Offsetting receipts, undistributed:
Analysis, 201
Explanation, 201
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
total, table, 1976-79. 201
Oil, decontrol of prices, 100
Oil shale research, 106
Old-age and survivors insurance, Federal, 289
Older Americans programs, 153
Older Americans volunteer program, 137
Open-end programs and fixed costs, 49
Orbiter, space shuttle, 95
Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy, Commission on the,
360
Outdoor Recreation, Bureau of, 299
Outer Continental Shelf, 113
Outer Continental Shelf, rents and royalties, 201
Outlays:
Agricultural, 212-216
Agricultural research and services, 118-120
Air transportation, 126
Area and regional development, 138
As a percent of GNP, table, 1954-79, 437
As a percent of GNP, total, table, 1971-79,
73
By agency, for each account and functional
code, 237-366
By agency, totals, table, 1978-82, 54
By function, totals, table, 1969-79. 428-435
By function, totals, table, 1978-82, 52
By function and agency, totals, table,
1976-78,405-418
Child nutrition programs, 215
Coast Guard, 127
Commerce, advancement and regulation of,
131
450
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Outlays—Continued
Community and regional development. 133
Community Services Administration, 138
Composition in current and constant prices,
totals, table, 1955-79,438
Conservation and land management, 113-114
Constant 1978 dollars, chart, 72
Controllability, discussion, 49-50
Controllability, table 1978-82, 50
Controllability, totals, table, 1968-78, 420-
421
Disaster relief and insurance, 141
Discussion, 71
Educational programs, 143-144
Energy, research and development, 106-107
Energy regulation programs, 106
Explanation, 230
Export promotion, 92
Farm income stabilization, 116-118
Farm price support, 212-216
Federal employees retirement program, 212-
214
Federal funds, table, 1976-78, 207
Federal spending trends, 71
Firm ceilings, 71
Fish and Wildlife Service, 114-115
Five-year projections, 43
Food stamp program, 215
Foreign affairs, conduct of, 92
Foreign assistance, total. 89
Foreign information and exchange activities,
92
Forest Service, 113
From budget authority available through
current action by Congress, 378
Full-employment, table, 1976-82. 47
General revenue sharing, 212-214
General science, space, and technology, 94
General science and basic research, 98
Government-sponsored enterprises, discussion, 31
Government-sponsored enterprises, table,
1954-79,26
Ground transportation, 122-126
Health programs, 155
Housing payments 212-214
Income security, 165
Increases from program initiatives, by
function, total, table, 1977-79, 10-16
Indian programs, 140
Interest.net, 198
International affairs, 87
International affairs, totals, table, 1976-79,88
Land Management, Bureau of, 113
Medicaid, 212-214
Medicare, 212-214
Military assistance, totals, table, 1976-79, 89
Military retired pay, 212-214
National Park Service, 114-115
Natural resources, 115
Natural resources, environment, and energy,
100
Net interest, 212-215
Off-budget, 3
Off-budget Federal entities, discussion, 25,
27-30
Outlays—Continued
Off-budget Federal entities, table 1954-79, 26
Off-budget Federal entities, table, 437
Off-budget Federal entities, total, table,
1971-79, 73
Off-budget Federal entities, totals, tables,
1973-79,439
Off-budget Federal entities, totals, table,
1976-79,30
Off-budget Federal entities, by function,
total, table, 1976-79, 418-419
Off-budget Federal entities, by agency, totals,
table, 1976-79, 375
Projected, discussion, 49
Public assistance, 212-215
Railroad retirement, 212-214
Reconciliation with receipts, 211-219
Recreational resources, 114-115
Reductions from program reductions and
terminations, by function, total, table,
1977-79, 18-24
Relation to budget authority, chart, 205
Rural Telephone Bank, 139
Social security, 212-214
Solar and geothermal research, 106
Space activities, supporting, 97-98
Space research and technology, 95
Space science, applications and technology,
96-97
Summary:
By agency, totals, table, 1976-79, 375
By function, totals, table, 1976-79, 372
Targets by major function, 71
Total, table, 1971-79, 73
Totals, table, 1789-1979,439
Totals, table, 1976-78,371
Totals, table, 1976-79,3
Trends, total, table, 1971-79,73
Trust funds, table, 1976-78, 207
Uncontrollable, 49
Uncontrollable, discussion, 211-216
Uncontrollable, total, table, the transition
quarter, 214
Uncontrollable, total, table, 1976, 212
Under current and proposed programs, table,
1977-82,4
Unemployment assistance, 212-214
Unified budget, table, 1954-79, 26, 437
Veterans benefits, 212-214
Veterans benefits and services, 178
Water power programs, 112
Water resource development programs,
111-112
Water resources and power programs,
111-112
Water transportation, 127
Overseas Private Investment Corporation, 253
Pacific Islands, 191
Packers and Stockyards Administration, 259
Pan-American games, 315
Panama, Republic of, payment to, 315
Panama Canal, 281-282
Panama Canal Company, 281
451
INDEX
Paperwork, Commission on Federal, 360
Park Service, National, 114-115, 300-301
Participation sales and authorizations, Government National Mortgage Association, 294
Patent Appeals and Customs, Court of, 245
Patent and Trademark Office, 270
Pay, Advisory Committee on Federal, 338
Payroll tax, 56
Peace Corps, 92, 337
Peanut acreage allotment program, 118
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation, 355
Pennsylvania Avenue development plan, 133,
136-137
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, 28, 168,
227
Pension programs, private, 168-169
Pensions, veterans, 335
Permanent budget authority, definition, 230
Pershing Hall Memorial Fund, 322
Pest control, 119
Pesticide program, 101
Petroleum industry, removal of price and allocation controls, 106
Petroleum Reserve, Naval, 254
Petroleum reserve, strategic, 105
Petroleum storage program, strategic, 100
Philippines, Veterans Administration grants,
335
Planning Commission, National Capital, 138,
352
Plant disease control, 119
Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal and,
257,
Plutonium, 100
Policy, research, 291
Policy development and research, 295
Pollution:
Abatement and control, 109-111, 328
Exhaust, aircraft, 126
Marine, 127
Pollution control, 101
Pollution fund, Coast Guard, 317
Population and Housing, Census of, 131
Portugal, balance of payments loan for, 87,
92-93, 254
Postal costs, 121
Postal Service, 130-131,356
Postal Service fund, 27, 227
Power Commission, Federal, 106, 346
Power programs, 112-113
Preparedness activities, General Services Administration, 331
Preparedness Agency, Federal, 331
President, Executive Office of the, 189
President, The:
Budget message of, M1-M7
Compensation of, 247
Funds appropriated to, 250-255
Needs, unanticipated, 251
Special assistance to, 248
Transition, 190-191
President's foreign assistance contingency fund,
254
President's Panel on Federal Compensation, 199
Price Index, Consumer, 164-165, 169
Price Stability, Council on Wage and, 249
Price support operations, Agriculture, 116
Price support program, 261
Price and Wage Stability, Council on, 189
Printing and Engraving, Bureau of, 325
Prison System, Federal, 308
Prisons, Bureau of, 308
Privacy Protection Study Commission, 361
Private and individual roles in the economy, M5
Procurement, defense, 79-80, 275-276
Procurement Policy, Office of Federal, 249
Product Safety Commission, Consumer, 342
Productivity and Center for Quality of Working
Life, National, 352
Professional Standards Review Organization,
160
Program initiatives and increases, discussion, 10
Program initiatives and increases, outlay increases, by function, total, table, 1977-79
10-16
Program reductions and terminations, discussion, 17
Program reductions and terminations, outlay
reductions, by function, total, table, 19771979, 18-24
Program restraints and reforms, 2
Property:
Management, 190-191
Management and disposal, 331
Personal, 330
Real, 329-330
Proprietary receipts from the public, definition, 232
Protection Agency, Environmental, 101
Public assistance, 171-175, 212-215, 288
Public Broadcasting, Corporation for, 149
Public debt, 212-215
As a percent of GNP, table, 1954-79, 437
Increase in, 209
Interest on, 204,197,224
Limit, table, 1976-78, 209
Li TI it, totals, table, 1976-78, 379
Outstanding, table, 1976-78, 206. 371, 379
Public Debt, Bureau of the, 325
Public enterprise revolving funds, explanation,
228
Public Health Service, 155,161,283-286
Public housing, low rent, 293
Public housing programs, 173
Public works: acceleration, 255
Public Works Employment Act of 1976, 194
Public works program, 139
Puerto Rico, 195
R
Radio Free Europe, 92
Radio Liberty, 92
Radioactive waste disposal, 106
Rail crossings, 318
Rail freight service, Northeast-Midwest, 121
Rail freight system, 125
Rail passenger service, intercity, 121
Rail regulatory reform, 121
452
THE
BUDGET
FOR
Rail service assistance, 320
Railroad Administration, Federal, 320-321
Railroad Passenger Corporation, National
(Amtrak), 125, 320
Railroad programs, 125
Railroad research, 320
Railroad retirement and disability benefits,
167-168
Railroad Retirement Board, 356
Railroad retirement outlays, 167-168, 212-214
Railroad retirement system, 164
Railroad safety, 320
Railroad transportation employment and improvement, 320
Railway Association, United States, 28, 125,
227, 362-363
Readjustment benefits, Veterans, 335
Real property activities, General Services
Administration, 329-330
Receipts:
Actual and estimated, discussion, 216-219
Authority to spend debt, 229
Budget, definition, 231
By source, discussion, 66-67
By source, projected, table, 1977-82, 45
By source, total, table, 1976 and the transition quarter, 216
By source, totals, table, 1969-79, 426-427
By source, totals, table, 1976-78, 385-387
Changes in, discussion, 65
Changes in, total, table, 1976-79, 65
Effect of major legislation, totals, table,
1975-79, 58
Effect of proposed legislation, totals, table,
1977-79,64
Federal funds, table, 1976-78. 207
Five-year projections, 43
Full-employment, table, 1976-82, 47
Increase, 56
National income accounts, totals, table,
1967-78. 436
Offsetting, 232
Offsetting, by type, totals, table, 1976-78,
388-390
Offsetting, undistributed, outlays and recommended budget authority, total, table
1976-79,201
Projected, discussion, 45-46
Reconciliation of, by source, total, table,
1976 and the, 218
Reconciliation with outlays, 211-219
Relation to GNP, table, 1954-79, 437
Summary, 56-57
Summary, by source, totals, table, 1976-79,
57, 372
Summary, totals, table, 1976-78, 371
Total, 56-57
Total projected, table, 1977-82, 45
Totals, table, 1976-79.3
Totals, table, 1789-1979,439-440
Trust fund, 204
Trust funds, table, 1976-78, 207
Under current and proposed programs, table,
1977-82, 4
FISCAL Y E A R
1978
Reclamation, Bureau of, 297-298
Reconciliation of actual and estimated receipts
and relatively uncontrollable outlays, 211-219
Records activities, General Services Administration, 330
Records and Documents of Federal Officials,
National Study Commission on, 361
Records management, 190-191
Recreation, Outdoor, Bureau of, 299
Recreational facilities, 114
Recreational resources, 114-115
Refugees, assistance to, 289, 315
Regional Action Planning Commissions, 139—
140,268
Regulatory functions, consumer affairs and, 295
Regulatory reform, 121, 125
Rehabilitation:
Services, 153
Vocational, 153
Rehabilitation loan fund, 294
Reimbursements, definition, 232
Relation to Budget authority, totals, table,
1976-78, 380-381
Renegotiation Board, 356-357
Rent supplement program, 293
Rescission, definition, 230
Research:
Agricultural, 118-120, 256-257
Biomedical, 284
Economic, Agriculture Department, 258-259
Energy, 106-107, 327
Health, 155, 161-162
Housing and Urban Development, Department of. 135-136
Housing policy, 295
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 333-334
Nuclear reactor, 106-107
Railroad, 320
Space programs, 94
Water resources, 298-299
Research and development:
Coast Guard, 317
Defense—Military, 79, 81-82, 276
Education, 149
Energy, 100. 106-107, 327
Environment, 108
Federal Aviation Administration, 126
Highway safety, 319
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 126, 333
Nonnuclear, 106-107
Nuclear, 106
Scientific, 94
Solar and geothermal, 106
Research and development programs, M5
Research Service, Congressional, 242
Reserve forces, 81
Reserves, 226
Restoration of public facilities, block grants
for, 141
Retirement, employer share, 201
Retirement and disability insurance, 165-169
Retirement fund, Civil Service, 201
INDEX
Revenue Adiustment Act of 1975, 57
Revenue sharing, general, 193-194
Revenue Sharing, Office of, 323
Revenue sharing and general purpose fiscal
assistance:
Budget proposals, 193
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program or agency, totals, table, 1976—
79, 194
Program analysis, by function, 193-196
Revolution Bicentennial Administration, American, 347-348
Revolving funds, definition, 232
Right-of-way revolving fund, Federal Highway
Administration, 319
River basin commissions, 363
Roads:
Alaska Study, 318
Off-system, 318
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, Memorial Commission, 348
Rural development, 138, 261-262
Rural Development Service, 261
Rural Electrification Administration, 28, 108,
139,262
Rural electrification and telephone revolving
fund, 27, 139,227
Rural Telephone Bank, 27, 134, 139, 227
Ryukyu Islands, Army, 280
Safety:
Aviation, 126,317
Boating, 317
Consumer, 163
Food, drug, and devices, 163
Highways and motor carrier, 319
Marine, 121,127
Nuclear materials, 106
Nuclear weapons, 86
Safety Administration, Mining Enforcement
and, 301
Safety and Health Administration, Occupational, 311
Safety and Health Review Commission, Occupational, 355
Safety Board, National Transportation, 354-355
Safety Board of Review, Federal Metal and
Nonmetallic Mine, 346
Safety Commission, Consumer Product, 342
Sahel development program, 87, 91, 252
Saint Elizabeths Hospital, 155, 161, 284-285
Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, 321
Salaries, Commission on Executive, Legislative,
and Judicial, 360
School assistance in federally affected areas,
286
School breakfast and lunch program, 174-175
School desegregation assistance, 143
School lunch program, 174-175
Science, National Commission on Libraries and
Information, 352
Science and education programs, 256-258
Science Foundation, National, 94, 98-99, 354
Science and Technical Research, 271
453
Science and technology, M5
Science and Technology Policy, Office of, 249
Science and technology programs, Commerce
Department, 269-270
Scientific Cooperation, National Commission
on, 314
Sea lanes, protection of, 80
Sealift forces, 81
Search and rescue, Coast Guard, 127
Secret Service, United States, 326
Securities and Exchange Commission, 357
Security assistance, international, 251-252
Security Council, National, 249
Security in Europe, Commission on Cooperation and, 243
Security income program, supplemental (SSI),
171-172,289
Security supporting assistance, international, 90
Seigniorage, 233
Selective Service System, 86, 357
Senate, United States, 239
Sewage treatment facilities, 109-110
Sewer grants, water and, 136
Shipping, ocean, 271-272
Ships, construction, 127
Short range economic forecast, table, 1975-78,
41
Small Business Administration, 131, 141, 357—
358
Small business loan assistance, 121,131
Small contractors, surety bond guaranty assistance, 121
Smithsonian Institution, 149, 358-359
Smuggling, control of, 187
Social insurance, 57
Social insurance taxes, 46, 56, 66
Social and Rehabilitation Service, 288-289
Social Security Administration, 289-290
Social security outlays, 165-167, 212-214
Social security payroll tax, 165-167
Social security system, 164
Social security tax rate, 56, 63, 66
Social security trust funds, 201
Social services block grant program, 143
Social services programs, 153-154
Soil Conservation Service, 111, 620-623
Solar system and universe, exploration of, 96
Soldiers' and Airmen's Home, 280-281
Southeastern Power Administration, 302
Southwestern Power Administration, 303
Soviet defense spending, 75
Space activities, supporting, outlays, 97-98
Space Administration, National Aeronautics
and, 94, 126
Space and facilities, The Judiciary, 246
Space flight, 95-96
Space laboratory, 96
Space program, 94
Space research and technology programs, 94
Space science, applications and technology,
96-97
Space shuttle, 94-95
Space telescope, 94, 97
Spanish-Speaking People, Cabinet Committee
on Opportunities for, 339
Special funds, explanation, 228
454
THE
BUDGET
FOR
Special Representative for Trade Negotiations,
250
Spending restraints and reforms, 2
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 99
State, Department of, 92, 317-316
State housing finance and development agencies,
293
State and local government responsibilities, M5
States:
Allied services, 153
Block grants for needy children, 164, 175
Boating safety assistance, 317
Community development block grant program. 133
Health block grant program, 155, 158
Law enforcement assistance, 188
Social services, grants to, 153
Student incentive grant program, 148
Statistical activities:
Agriculture, Department of, 258
Labor, Department of, 311
Statistical Reporting Service, 258
Statistics, Economic and demographic, 131
Statistics, Labor, Bureau of, 311
Stockpile of critical and strategic materials, 74
Stockyards Administration, Packers and, 259
Strategic airlift forces, 74
Strategic and critical materials, stockpile of, 74
Strategic forces, defense, 74, 78
Strategic petroleum reserve, 105
Strategic petroleum storage program, 100
Strategic weapon systems, 79
Student assistance, 149
Student Loan Insurance fund, 287
Student Loan Marketing Association, 31
Student loan program, guaranteed, 149
Summary tables, explanation of, 370
Summer youth employment program, 151
Supplemental authority, 225-226
Supplemental security income program (SSI),
171-172,289
Supplies and Shortages, National Commission
on, 360
Supply Service, Federal, 330
Supreme Court of the United States, 245
Surplus or deficit, table, 1976-78, 206
Surplus or deficit, totals, table, 1789-1979, 439
Susquehanna River Basin Commission, 350
Tactical air forces, 74
Tax changes, effect on receipts, total, table,
1975-79, 58
Tax changes, enacted, discussion, 57-60
Tax changes, proposed, discussion, 61-64
Tax Court, United States, 243
Tax expenditures: 154, 196
Assistance to States and local governments,
196
Deferral of interest income, Savings Bonds,
198
Discussion, 34-38
Education, 154
Energy and mineral resources, 105-106,
FISCAL
YEAR
1978
Tax expenditures—Continued
General science and basic research, 94-95
Health, 160
Home mortgages, 130
Income security, 168-169
International affairs, 93
Small businesses, 131
Social services, 154
Training and employment, 154
Tax rates, 46
Tax rebates, 57
Tax Reduction Act of 1975 (Public Law 94-12),
57, Ml
Tax reductions, income, individual and corporation, 57
Tax reductions, M4
Tax Reform Act of 1976, effects of, totals, table,
1977-79,56,58-60, 131, 177,191
Taxes: M 4
Business incentives, 121
Earned income, credit, 177
Estate and gift, 46, 57, 67
Excise, 46, 57, 63, 67
Income, 46, 56, 57, 61-63, 66
Income, reduction in, 2
Payments in lieu of on Federal land, 193
Payroll, 56
Personal income exemption for the aged, 168
Social insurance, 46, 56, 57, 66
Social security, 46, 56, 63
Social security payroll, 165-167
Unemployment insurance, 56
Technology Assessment, Office of, 244
Technology Policy, Office of Science and, 249
Telecommunications Policy, Office of, 250
Telecommunications service, General Services
Administration, 330-331
Temporary employment assistance program,
143
Tennessee Valley Authority, 112, 361-362
Territorial affairs, Office of, 304-305
Timber sales, 195
Tobacco and Firearms, Bureau of Alcohol, 187,
324
Tobacco support prices, adjustment, 118
Toxic Substances Control Act, 101
Trade Commission, Federal, 346-347
Trade Commission, International, 351
Trade negotiations, international, 314
Trade Negotiations, Special Representative for,
250
Trademark Office, Patent and, 270
Training:
Health, 161-163
Indians, 151
Migrant workers, 151
On-the-job, 151
Training Administration, Employment and,
309-310
Training and employment programs, 149-152
Transit Authority, Washington Metropolitan
Area, 350
Transition, fiscal year, 222
Transition quarter, explanation of, 222
455
INDEX
Transportation:
Air, 126
Ground, 122-126
Urban, 296
Water, 127
Transportation, Department of, 125, 316-322
Transportation Bureau, Materials, 321
Transportation Policy Study Commission, National, 360
Transportation Safety Board, National, 354Travel Service, United States, 269
Treasury, Department of the, 195, 322-327
Trust funds, explanation, 206, 228
Trust intrafund transactions, definition, 233
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 191
U
Unemployment assistance, 150,212-214
Unemployment assistance program, temporary,
Unemployment insurance, 165,170—171
Unemployment Insurance, National Commission on,171
Unemployment insurance tax, 56
Unemployment rates, 46
Unemployment trends, reverse of, M7
Unified budget, 207
Unified budget concept, 25
United Nations development program, 90
United States-Israel Binational Industrial Research and Development Foundation, 254
United States Courts, expenses of facilities, 246
United States Friendship Commission, Japan,
United States Government Life Insurance
Fund,336
United States Information Agency, 92, 362
United States Railway Association, 28, 125,
227, 362-363
United States Tax Court, 243
United States Travel Service, 269
University Year for ACTION (UYA), 137
Uranium enrichment program, 105
Urban Development, Department of Housing
and, 128, 135, 173,292-296
Urban Mass Transportation Administration,
320
Urban renewal, 295
Urban transportation, 296
User charges, waterways, 101, 111-112
Veterans:
Cemetery and burial benefits, 180,184
Compensation and pensions, 180, 335
Education and training, 180-181
Hospital and domiciliary facilities, 335
Hospital services, 182
Hospitals and extended care facilities, 183
Housing, 183
Income security, 180
Veterans—Continued
Insurance, 335, 336
Job opportunities, 184
Life insurance, 180
Loans, 183. 336
Medical care, 181-182,335
Medical care personnel, 178
Non-service-connected pensions, 180
Readjustment benefits, 212-214,335
Service-connected compensation, 180
Vocational rehabilitation, 180-181
Veterans Administration, 335-337
Veterans benefits and services:
Budget proposals, 178 .
Credit programs, 183
Outlays, 178
Outlays and recommended budget authority,
by program, totals, table, 1976-79,179
Program analysis, by function, 178-184
Vice President, Official Residence of, 248
Virgin Islands, 195,305
Virgin Islands Corporation liquidation fund,
332
Vladivostok accord, 75
Vocational education, 146-148, 286
Vocational rehabilitation, 153
Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA), 137
W
Wage and Price Stability, Council on, 189, 249
Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, 350
Waste disposal, radioactive, 106
Waste treatment facilities, 101
Water Commission, National, 361
Water Quality, National Commission on, 360
Water Research and Technology, Office of,
298-299
Water resource development programs, 111-112
Water Resources Council, 101, 112, 363
Water resources and power programs, 111-112
Water resources and recreation construction
projects, 112
Water resources programs, 297
Water and sewer grants, 136, 138
Water transportation, 127
Watershed protection, 113
Waterways, user charges, 101, 111-112
Weapon systems, strategic, 79
Weapons, modernization, 79
Weapons, nuclear, 86
Weapons system, new, 79
Weather program, 94
Welfare, Department of Health, Education,
and, 172
White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals, 153
White House Office, 189,247
Wildlife refuges, 101, 115
Wildlife Service, Fish and, 114-115, 299-300
William Langer Jewel bearing plant revolving
fund, 331
456
THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1978
Women's year, 1975, National Commission on
the Observance of International, 361
Woodrow Wilson International Center for
Scholars, 359
Work incentive program (WIN), 143, 151-152
Work incentives, 288
Working Life, National Center for Productivity and Quality of, 352
Youth Conservation Corps, 113, 265
Youth employment program, summer, 151
Zoological Park, National, 358
O
@FedFRASER