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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 691-6567 USDL 99-357 Media contact: 691-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Wednesday, December 15, 1999 AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY BY STATE AND INDUSTRY, 1998 The average annual pay of all workers covered by state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) programs rose 5.1 percent to $31,908 in 1998, according to preliminary data released today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. This compares with a 4.9 percent rise in 1997 and represents the fifth consecutive increase in the rate of average annual pay growth. The annual pay of private industry workers, comprising 84.6 percent of the nation's employment, grew 5.5 percent in 1998, up from the 5.2 percent increase observed in 1997. By comparison, annual pay for government workers rose 3.2 percent in 1998, down from 3.4 percent in 1997. (New Jersey data were not available for the third and fourth quarters of 1998 and therefore are not shown in this release. Totals for the United States were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey.) Pay growth for U.S. workers in 1998 was the second highest in the 198898 period, falling only 0.3 percentage point short of the 5.4 percent rise that occurred in 1992. (See chart 1.) Average annual pay for workers grew 45.9 percent from 1988 to 1998, a gain of $10,036. The attached tables contain pay data for the nation, each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. (Data for Puerto Rico are not included in the national averages.) Annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws, covering 124.2 million full- and part-time workers. Average annual pay is computed by dividing total annual payrolls of employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these employees. (See Technical Note.) Pay differences among states reflect the varying composition of employment by occupation, industry, and hours of work, as well as other factors. Pay differences among industries are similarly affected. For example, average annual pay levels in retail trade industries are reduced by the relatively large share of part-time workers. Correspondingly, pay levels in construction industries are reduced by the prevalence of part-year employment due to weather and seasonal factors. Over-the-year pay changes may reflect shifts in the composition of employment, as well as changes in the level of average pay. States Among the states, Connecticut had the highest pay level ($40,915) in 1998, followed by New York ($40,678), Massachusetts ($37,787), California ($35,349), and Illinois ($34,704). (See table 2.) The 1998 pay levels of these five highest-ranking states, accounting for 26 percent of the nation's employment, ranged from 9 to 28 percent higher than the U.S. average. Occupying the remaining top 10 pay positions for states were, in order of 1998 pay levels, Michigan, Delaware, Alaska, Maryland, and Washington. Colorado and Minnesota also had above-average pay levels. Among the jurisdictions covered in this release, the District of Columbia had the highest annual average pay level ($48,727). - 2 Among the states with below-average annual pay, Montana posted the lowest pay ($22,644) in 1998. The next lowest pay levels were in South Dakota ($22,754), North Dakota ($22,990), Mississippi ($23,822), and Arkansas ($24,422). These five states continued to have the lowest wages in the nation, as they have for the past 11 years. The 1998 average annual pay figures for these states, which account for only 3 percent of the nation's workers, were 23 to 29 percent below the national average. Average annual pay levels for 37 states were below the U.S. average in 1998; combined, workers in these states accounted for 59 percent of the covered employment of the nation. Overall, stronger pay gains were observed in 1998 compared with the previous year. (See chart 2.) Annual pay grew by at least 5 percent in 22 states this year, whereas only 16 states reached this growth rate in 1997. On the high end of the growth scale, seven states posted pay increases of 6 percent or higher in 1998, compared with only two states in 1997. Leading the nation in pay growth for the second year in a row, Washington's average annual pay advanced 7.5 percent in 1998, exceeding the national growth rate by 2.4 percentage points. The next highest pay increase occurred in Colorado, where wages climbed 7.3 percent, followed by Georgia (6.3 percent), Virginia (6.2 percent), and Minnesota and Texas (6.1 percent each). Washington's strong performance was fueled by substantial increases in the services industry (15.9 percent) and in finance, insurance, and real estate (8.8 percent); pay growth in the services industry was one and one-half times faster than in 1997. In Colorado, the large wage gain was due to sharp increases in three industries: finance, insurance, and real estate (11.3 percent); transportation, communications, and public utilities (9.8 percent); and services (9.3 percent). In 1998, no state reported a decline in average annual pay. Alaska registered the smallest increase in pay (2.1 percent) in 1998, the same as in 1997. Alaska has reported the smallest wage increase every year since 1995. Following Alaska were West Virginia (2.2 percent), Hawaii (2.4 percent), Montana (3.2 percent), and Idaho (3.3 percent). The 1998 growth rates for West Virgina, Hawaii, and Montana were lower than their 1997 pay growth. (See table 3.) Industry Average annual pay levels for the nation varied widely by industry. (See table 4.) The highest average annual pay occurred in the mining industry--$52,021. (See chart 3.) Mining pay was 64 percent greater than the national average for private sector workers in 1998. Mining, which accounts for less than 1 percent of private sector employment, has held this top position since 1980 when BLS began publishing average annual pay levels for industries. The next highest pay level was registered in finance, insurance, and real estate ($48,597), which was 53 percent higher than average pay for all private industry workers. Once again, retail trade recorded the lowest pay ($16,794), as it has every year since 1980. In 1998, the pay level of retail workers was 47 percent below the national average for all private industry workers. Average pay in the services industry, the largest single component of the private sector, rose to $30,011 in 1998. For the fourth consecutive year, the largest over-the-year percentage pay increase in the private sector was registered in the finance, insurance, and real estate industry (8.3 percent). Wholesale trade had the next largest increase (5.9 percent), followed closely by retail trade (5.8 percent). Combined, these three industries account for 35 percent of private industry employment. The services industry had the fourth highest pay growth (5.4 percent). The smallest pay gain among the eight major private industry divisions occurred in the mining industry (4.0 percent). - 3 The average annual pay level for the public sector, which includes federal, state, and local government establishments, was $32,931 in 1998, compared with $31,722 in the private sector. Pay differentials between the public and private sectors reflect many variables, including work activity and occupational structure. Average annual pay gains in the private sector have outpaced those of government workers for the past 4 years. (See chart 4.) Average annual pay in the public sector was 4 percent higher than private sector pay in 1998; this gap narrowed from 6 percent in 1997 and a high of 10 percent in 1994. Over the previous 5 years, pay grew 16 percent in the public sector, 6 percentage points below the 22 percent growth rate in the private sector. Over the past 10 years, average annual pay for government employees rose 43 percent, while pay for private industry workers increased 47 percent. Technical Note These data are the product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Covered Employment and Wages, or the ES-202 program. The data are derived from summaries of employment and total pay of workers covered by unemployment insurance (UI) legislation and provided by State Employment Security Agencies (SESAs). The summaries are a by-product of the administration of state unemployment insurance programs that require most employers to pay quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI. Data for 1998 are preliminary and subject to revision. Effective with third-quarter 1997 processing, employment and wage totals were generated using new systems in each of the states and at the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In some cases, this transition to new systems resulted in larger differences between preliminary and final 1997 levels. Coverage Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI laws and for federal civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) program are compiled from quarterly contribution reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments within a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report," which provides detailed information on the location and industry of each of their establishments. Average annual employment and pay data included in this release are derived from microdata summaries of nearly 7.7 million employer reports of employment and wages submitted by states to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of residence. UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to state. In 1998, UI and UCFE programs covered workers in 124.2 million jobs. The estimated 119 million workers in these jobs, (after adjustment for multiple jobholders), represented 98.4 percent of wage and salary civilian employment. Multiple jobholder estimates are produced by the Current Population Survey (CPS). Covered workers received $3.961 trillion in pay, representing 95.5 percent of the wage and salary component of personal income and 46.5 percent of the gross domestic product. Major exclusions from UI coverage during 1998 included most agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain small nonprofit organizations. Concepts and methodology Average annual pay was computed by dividing total annual pay of employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these employees. Included in the annual payroll data are bonuses, the cash value of meals and lodging when supplied, tips and other gratuities, and, in some states, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation plans such as 401(k) plans, and stock options. Monthly employment is based on the number of workers who worked during or received pay for the pay period including the 12th of the month. With few exceptions, all employees of covered firms are reported, including production and sales workers, corporation officials, executives, supervisory personnel, and clerical workers. Workers on paid vacations and part-time workers also are included. Percent changes in average annual pay were computed using final 1997 data as the base. These final 1997 data may differ from the preliminary 1997 data previously published. Average annual pay is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying occupations. When comparing average annual pay levels between industries and/or states, these factors should be taken into consideration. Annual pay data only approximate annual earnings because an individual may not be employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one employer. Also, year-to-year changes in average annual pay can result from a change in the proportion of employment in high- and low-wage jobs, as well as from changes in the level of average annual pay. In order to insure the highest possible quality of data, SESAs verify with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment classification codes resulting from the verification process are introduced with the data reported for the first quarter of the year. Changes resulting from improved employer reporting are also introduced in the first quarter. For these reasons, some data, especially at more detailed industry levels, may not be strictly comparable with earlier years. In 1997, effective with first-quarter data, improved Department of Defense civilian employment and wages were centrally collected from a new data source. Data in table 4 are presented separately for the private sector and for government. Government data include federal, state, and local establishments. A few covered employers provided insufficient information on the nature of their businesses to assign a specific SIC classification and therefore could not be classified by industry division. The wages for these nonclassifiable establishments, along with data for the agricultural division, are not shown separately, but are included in the averages for state and national totals. Additional statistics and other information Average annual employment and pay data by state and industry are available upon request from the Division of Occupational and Administrative Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20212, telephone 202-691-6567 (e-mail:202_info@bls.gov). BLS now issues three other reports which provide data from state UI and UCFE programs. Also published from this program is the comprehensive bulletin, Employment and Wages, which features information by detailed industry on establishments, employment, and wages for the nation and all states. Employment and Wages Annual Averages, 1998 will be available for sale in early 2000 from the BLS Publications Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Illinois 60690. News releases on 1998 average annual pay for the nation's metropolitan areas and for 1998 employment and average annual pay for large counties are scheduled to be released soon. This news release, along with other BLS statistics and information, is available via the Internet at the BLS World Wide Web site (http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm). Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-5886; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339. Table 1. State(1) average annual pay for 1997 and 1998 and percent change in pay for all covered workers(2) Average annual pay State Percent change, 1997-1998(4) 1997 1998(3) UNITED STATES(5)................ $30,353 $31,908 5.1 Alabama......................... Alaska.......................... Arizona......................... 26,139 33,156 27,659 27,035 33,839 29,317 3.4 2.1 6.0 Arkansas........................ California...................... Colorado........................ Connecticut..................... Delaware........................ District of Columbia............ Florida......................... 23,277 33,525 30,066 38,941 32,188 46,761 26,673 24,422 35,349 32,246 40,915 33,996 48,727 28,143 4.9 5.4 7.3 5.1 5.6 4.2 5.5 Georgia......................... Hawaii.......................... Idaho........................... Illinois........................ Indiana......................... Iowa............................ Kansas.......................... Kentucky........................ Louisiana....................... Maine........................... 29,037 28,357 24,062 33,024 27,635 24,803 25,694 25,577 25,755 24,899 30,873 29,029 24,866 34,704 29,107 26,035 26,842 26,689 26,905 25,875 6.3 2.4 3.3 5.1 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.5 3.9 Maryland........................ Massachusetts................... Michigan........................ Minnesota....................... Mississippi..................... Missouri........................ Montana......................... Nebraska........................ Nevada.......................... New Hampshire................... 31,763 35,716 32,780 30,231 22,778 27,780 21,946 24,565 28,672 29,296 33,306 37,787 34,542 32,073 23,822 28,907 22,644 25,535 30,201 30,943 4.9 5.8 5.4 6.1 4.6 4.1 3.2 3.9 5.3 5.6 New Jersey...................... New Mexico...................... New York........................ North Carolina.................. North Dakota.................... Ohio............................ Oklahoma........................ Oregon.......................... Pennsylvania.................... Puerto Rico..................... 37,514 24,684 38,543 26,684 22,049 29,094 24,226 28,411 30,163 16,949 (6) 25,716 40,678 28,107 22,990 30,395 25,122 29,542 31,582 17,902 (6) 4.2 5.5 5.3 4.3 4.5 3.7 4.0 4.7 5.6 Rhode Island.................... South Carolina.................. South Dakota.................... Tennessee....................... Texas........................... 28,662 24,995 21,648 27,248 29,699 30,148 26,151 22,754 28,457 31,512 5.2 4.6 5.1 4.4 6.1 Utah............................ Vermont......................... Virginia........................ Washington...................... West Virginia................... 25,736 25,496 29,548 30,769 24,716 26,869 26,615 31,384 33,076 25,269 4.4 4.4 6.2 7.5 2.2 Wisconsin....................... Wyoming......................... 27,337 23,866 28,542 24,747 4.4 3.7 1 Includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 2 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 3 Data are preliminary. 4 Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. 5 Totals for the United States were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey for the third and fourth quarters in 1998 and do not include data for Puerto Rico. 6 New Jersey data for 1998 are not available. information. Please see text for more Table 2. States(1) ranked by average annual pay for 1998, 1997 and 1998 pay levels, and percent change in pay for all covered workers(2) Average annual pay State District of Columbia............ Connecticut..................... New York........................ Massachusetts................... California...................... Illinois........................ Michigan........................ Delaware........................ Alaska.......................... 1997 1998(3) $46,761 38,941 38,543 35,716 33,525 33,024 32,780 32,188 33,156 $48,727 40,915 40,678 37,787 35,349 34,704 34,542 33,996 33,839 Percent change, 1997-1998(4) 4.2 5.1 5.5 5.8 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.6 2.1 Maryland........................ 31,763 33,306 4.9 Washington...................... Colorado........................ Minnesota....................... 30,769 30,066 30,231 33,076 32,246 32,073 7.5 7.3 6.1 UNITED STATES(5)................ 30,353 31,908 5.1 Pennsylvania.................... Texas........................... Virginia........................ New Hampshire................... Georgia......................... Ohio............................ Nevada.......................... Rhode Island.................... Oregon.......................... Arizona......................... 30,163 29,699 29,548 29,296 29,037 29,094 28,672 28,662 28,411 27,659 31,582 31,512 31,384 30,943 30,873 30,395 30,201 30,148 29,542 29,317 4.7 6.1 6.2 5.6 6.3 4.5 5.3 5.2 4.0 6.0 Indiana......................... Hawaii.......................... Missouri........................ Wisconsin....................... Tennessee....................... Florida......................... North Carolina.................. Alabama......................... Louisiana....................... Utah............................ 27,635 28,357 27,780 27,337 27,248 26,673 26,684 26,139 25,755 25,736 29,107 29,029 28,907 28,542 28,457 28,143 28,107 27,035 26,905 26,869 5.3 2.4 4.1 4.4 4.4 5.5 5.3 3.4 4.5 4.4 Kansas.......................... Kentucky........................ Vermont......................... South Carolina.................. Iowa............................ Maine........................... New Mexico...................... Nebraska........................ West Virginia................... Oklahoma........................ 25,694 25,577 25,496 24,995 24,803 24,899 24,684 24,565 24,716 24,226 26,842 26,689 26,615 26,151 26,035 25,875 25,716 25,535 25,269 25,122 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.6 5.0 3.9 4.2 3.9 2.2 3.7 Idaho........................... Wyoming......................... Arkansas........................ Mississippi..................... North Dakota.................... 24,062 23,866 23,277 22,778 22,049 24,866 24,747 24,422 23,822 22,990 3.3 3.7 4.9 4.6 4.3 South Dakota.................... Montana......................... Puerto Rico..................... New Jersey...................... 21,648 21,946 16,949 37,514 22,754 22,644 17,902 (6) 5.1 3.2 5.6 (6) 1 Includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 2 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 3 Data are preliminary. 4 Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. 5 Totals for the United States were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey for the third and fourth quarters in 1998 and do not include data for Puerto Rico. 6 New Jersey data for 1998 are not available. information. Please see text for more Table 3. States(1) ranked by 1997 to 1998 growth in annual pay, 1997 and 1998 pay levels, and percent change in pay for all covered workers(2) Average annual pay State Percent change, 1997-1998(4) 1997 1998(3) Washington...................... Colorado........................ Georgia......................... Virginia........................ Minnesota....................... Texas........................... Arizona......................... Massachusetts................... Delaware........................ New Hampshire................... $30,769 30,066 29,037 29,548 30,231 29,699 27,659 35,716 32,188 29,296 $33,076 32,246 30,873 31,384 32,073 31,512 29,317 37,787 33,996 30,943 7.5 7.3 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.6 Puerto Rico..................... Florida......................... 16,949 26,673 17,902 28,143 5.6 5.5 New York........................ California...................... Michigan........................ Indiana......................... Nevada.......................... North Carolina.................. Rhode Island.................... Connecticut..................... 38,543 33,525 32,780 27,635 28,672 26,684 28,662 38,941 40,678 35,349 34,542 29,107 30,201 28,107 30,148 40,915 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.1 Illinois........................ South Dakota.................... 33,024 21,648 34,704 22,754 5.1 5.1 UNITED STATES(5)................ 30,353 31,908 5.1 Iowa............................ Arkansas........................ Maryland........................ Pennsylvania.................... Mississippi..................... South Carolina.................. Kansas.......................... Louisiana....................... Ohio............................ Tennessee....................... 24,803 23,277 31,763 30,163 22,778 24,995 25,694 25,755 29,094 27,248 26,035 24,422 33,306 31,582 23,822 26,151 26,842 26,905 30,395 28,457 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 Utah............................ Vermont......................... Wisconsin....................... Kentucky........................ North Dakota.................... District of Columbia............ New Mexico...................... Missouri........................ Oregon.......................... Maine........................... 25,736 25,496 27,337 25,577 22,049 46,761 24,684 27,780 28,411 24,899 26,869 26,615 28,542 26,689 22,990 48,727 25,716 28,907 29,542 25,875 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 Nebraska........................ Oklahoma........................ Wyoming......................... Alabama......................... Idaho........................... Montana......................... Hawaii.......................... West Virginia................... Alaska.......................... New Jersey...................... 24,565 24,226 23,866 26,139 24,062 21,946 28,357 24,716 33,156 37,514 25,535 25,122 24,747 27,035 24,866 22,644 29,029 25,269 33,839 (6) 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 (6) 1 Includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 2 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 3 Data are preliminary. 4 Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. 5 Totals for the United States were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey for the third and fourth quarters in 1998 and do not include data for Puerto Rico. 6 New Jersey data for 1998 are not available. information. Please see text for more Table 4. State(1) and industry average annual pay for 1997 and 1998 and percent change in pay for all covered workers(2) Average annual pay State Percent change, 1997-1998(4) 1997 1998(3) United States(5) Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 30,064 49,998 31,744 38,306 37,658 39,449 15,878 44,884 28,466 31,916 $31,722 52,021 33,346 40,040 39,301 41,759 16,794 48,597 30,011 32,931 5.5 4.0 5.0 4.5 4.4 5.9 5.8 8.3 5.4 3.2 Alabama Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. 25,601 47,869 26,499 47,640 3.5 -0.5 Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 25,820 30,204 35,177 32,573 14,267 33,081 25,118 28,605 26,793 31,299 36,099 34,079 14,731 34,665 26,048 29,510 3.8 3.6 2.6 4.6 3.3 4.8 3.7 3.2 Alaska Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 31,050 80,243 45,725 29,809 40,752 34,588 18,420 32,631 25,835 39,180 32,033 79,611 45,744 31,235 41,277 36,402 19,051 34,041 26,801 39,114 3.2 -0.8 0.0 4.8 1.3 5.2 3.4 4.3 3.7 -0.2 Arizona Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 27,150 45,720 27,884 39,888 34,136 36,672 16,729 34,075 25,307 30,631 28,850 45,850 29,380 42,771 35,782 39,892 17,638 37,446 26,711 32,098 6.3 0.3 5.4 7.2 4.8 8.8 5.4 9.9 5.5 4.8 Arkansas Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ 22,853 32,072 24,133 26,019 31,114 29,725 14,611 29,831 21,528 24,086 34,083 25,388 27,206 32,705 31,264 15,849 32,021 22,451 5.4 6.3 5.2 4.6 5.1 5.2 8.5 7.3 4.3 Government................................................ 25,531 26,215 2.7 California Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 33,010 58,362 34,514 42,512 40,227 40,886 18,073 47,028 33,384 36,341 $34,841 61,089 36,081 44,720 41,391 43,532 19,326 51,895 34,668 38,228 5.5 4.7 4.5 5.2 2.9 6.5 6.9 10.3 3.8 5.2 Colorado Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 29,773 58,173 31,099 38,698 42,033 40,332 16,360 38,035 28,790 31,688 32,210 58,883 33,411 41,074 46,149 43,224 17,193 42,336 31,480 32,456 8.2 1.2 7.4 6.1 9.8 7.2 5.1 11.3 9.3 2.4 Connecticut Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 39,012 49,546 39,950 50,784 42,990 53,819 18,499 65,290 34,004 38,439 41,086 51,577 41,139 53,320 46,894 55,970 19,497 69,910 35,438 39,698 5.3 4.1 3.0 5.0 9.1 4.0 5.4 7.1 4.2 3.3 Delaware Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ 32,154 33,202 32,723 34,020 33,477 33,543 5.8 0.8 2.5 Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 52,805 35,864 38,249 15,667 39,283 27,473 32,415 54,365 37,642 40,363 16,602 42,921 29,526 33,841 3.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 9.3 7.5 4.4 District of Columbia Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 42,699 (7) 36,836 56,596 63,435 56,201 17,132 62,953 42,917 53,256 45,245 (7) 38,950 60,749 62,955 57,886 17,928 70,096 45,341 54,661 6.0 (7) 5.7 7.3 -0.8 3.0 4.6 11.3 5.6 2.6 Florida Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 26,092 38,947 27,254 33,491 33,910 36,792 16,294 37,867 25,697 30,106 $27,585 41,093 28,939 35,331 35,245 38,690 17,143 40,680 27,148 31,534 5.7 5.5 6.2 5.5 3.9 5.2 5.2 7.4 5.6 4.7 Georgia Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 29,205 40,634 28,935 32,232 41,865 42,077 15,538 41,554 28,630 28,152 31,141 43,254 30,651 34,107 43,821 45,408 16,547 45,425 30,271 29,433 6.6 6.4 5.9 5.8 4.7 7.9 6.5 9.3 5.7 4.6 Hawaii Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 26,979 50,176 42,312 30,619 35,897 32,571 17,091 34,459 26,991 33,848 27,662 51,198 43,554 31,440 36,709 33,335 17,328 36,145 27,679 34,428 2.5 2.0 2.9 2.7 2.3 2.3 1.4 4.9 2.5 1.7 Idaho Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 23,747 (7) 26,581 33,421 28,989 26,939 14,258 28,750 22,946 25,475 24,555 (7) 27,177 34,219 30,089 28,269 14,964 30,717 23,625 26,271 3.4 (7) 2.2 2.4 3.8 4.9 5.0 6.8 3.0 3.1 Illinois Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 32,972 45,813 39,767 41,195 39,759 43,312 16,426 48,754 29,901 33,355 34,738 47,300 41,806 42,425 41,510 45,696 17,391 53,217 31,609 34,483 5.4 3.2 5.1 3.0 4.4 5.5 5.9 9.2 5.7 3.4 Indiana Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... $27,583 44,125 31,437 38,095 $29,139 45,904 33,381 40,140 5.6 4.0 6.2 5.4 Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 32,892 34,799 13,983 32,451 23,512 27,979 34,433 36,826 14,703 35,678 24,777 28,892 4.7 5.8 5.1 9.9 5.4 3.3 Iowa Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 24,353 32,494 28,968 33,501 30,273 31,159 12,868 33,238 20,886 27,212 25,629 34,589 30,656 34,476 31,993 32,677 13,634 36,098 22,069 28,263 5.2 6.4 5.8 2.9 5.7 4.9 6.0 8.6 5.7 3.9 Kansas Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 25,810 31,866 27,894 34,311 34,280 35,236 14,099 32,127 23,246 25,168 27,021 33,382 29,057 35,422 36,066 37,530 14,738 34,294 24,563 25,997 4.7 4.8 4.2 3.2 5.2 6.5 4.5 6.7 5.7 3.3 Kentucky Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 25,361 41,133 26,808 33,488 33,690 32,005 13,811 31,915 22,878 26,692 26,598 42,021 28,215 34,655 35,694 33,912 14,647 33,924 24,030 27,163 4.9 2.2 5.2 3.5 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.3 5.0 1.8 Louisiana Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 25,928 47,966 27,974 36,836 34,055 31,869 13,629 30,873 23,569 25,019 27,103 48,698 30,071 38,475 35,263 33,559 14,285 33,208 24,401 26,053 4.5 1.5 7.5 4.4 3.5 5.3 4.8 7.6 3.5 4.1 Maine Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 24,383 22,630 27,075 32,305 30,262 31,749 14,728 34,384 22,873 27,552 $25,448 21,859 28,577 33,226 31,849 32,821 15,598 37,158 23,830 28,089 4.4 -3.4 5.5 2.9 5.2 3.4 5.9 8.1 4.2 1.9 Maryland Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 30,471 37,405 32,731 39,713 38,194 41,352 17,055 42,851 30,964 37,512 32,081 42,415 34,773 41,664 40,195 43,890 17,967 45,460 32,362 38,756 5.3 13.4 6.2 4.9 5.2 6.1 5.3 6.1 4.5 3.3 Massachusetts Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... 35,668 38,419 39,556 45,296 38,447 37,902 41,217 41,863 47,603 40,214 6.3 7.3 5.8 5.1 4.6 Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 48,100 17,516 55,001 34,517 36,050 51,845 18,580 59,989 36,600 36,998 7.8 6.1 9.1 6.0 2.6 Michigan Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 32,588 41,649 35,488 48,638 39,451 43,527 15,080 36,475 27,640 33,999 34,615 42,562 38,148 51,320 40,898 45,698 16,125 40,397 29,479 34,079 6.2 2.2 7.5 5.5 3.7 5.0 6.9 10.8 6.7 0.2 Minnesota Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 30,095 46,228 36,963 39,239 37,359 41,758 15,260 42,962 26,618 31,087 32,010 (7) 39,012 40,949 39,379 44,174 16,659 46,634 28,440 32,479 6.4 (7) 5.5 4.4 5.4 5.8 9.2 8.5 6.8 4.5 Mississippi Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 22,464 (7) 24,373 25,592 32,323 29,636 13,336 28,155 21,858 24,106 $23,553 36,794 26,576 26,720 32,961 31,461 14,003 30,162 22,783 24,965 4.8 (7) 9.0 4.4 2.0 6.2 5.0 7.1 4.2 3.6 Missouri Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 27,779 38,282 32,551 36,608 35,333 36,244 14,702 35,635 25,525 27,783 28,993 43,683 33,579 37,215 36,952 37,953 15,434 38,365 26,885 28,416 4.4 14.1 3.2 1.7 4.6 4.7 5.0 7.7 5.3 2.3 Montana Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 20,923 44,165 27,058 28,064 29,663 27,349 12,924 27,091 19,753 26,128 21,683 43,750 27,959 31,217 30,105 28,014 13,405 28,899 20,128 26,652 3.6 -0.9 3.3 11.2 1.5 2.4 3.7 6.7 1.9 2.0 Nebraska Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 24,168 29,300 27,654 30,325 35,318 29,137 13,188 31,525 23,223 26,447 25,151 31,027 29,214 31,009 33,834 30,754 13,799 33,118 24,588 27,420 4.1 5.9 5.6 2.3 -4.2 5.5 4.6 5.1 5.9 3.7 Nevada Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... 27,854 49,912 35,487 33,064 32,507 36,393 29,376 52,823 37,183 34,978 33,477 38,378 5.5 5.8 4.8 5.8 3.0 5.5 Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 18,191 34,027 26,664 34,823 19,089 37,081 28,221 36,328 4.9 9.0 5.8 4.3 New Hampshire Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 29,338 34,149 32,467 38,815 35,500 44,577 16,457 38,709 27,073 29,008 $31,141 36,197 35,071 40,478 37,068 47,092 17,540 42,346 28,809 29,587 6.1 6.0 8.0 4.3 4.4 5.6 6.6 9.4 6.4 2.0 New Jersey(8) Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 37,015 49,992 40,098 46,861 45,070 48,100 18,910 53,529 34,501 40,401 (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) (8) New Mexico Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 23,622 41,520 24,335 32,364 31,622 29,612 14,429 28,276 24,535 28,482 24,697 41,888 25,372 34,092 33,024 31,148 15,113 30,442 25,721 29,411 4.6 0.9 4.3 5.3 4.4 5.2 4.7 7.7 4.8 3.3 New York Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 38,678 49,046 37,965 43,802 42,553 46,431 17,653 83,194 32,855 37,876 41,111 46,911 40,138 46,402 44,942 49,023 18,654 90,472 34,687 38,532 6.3 -4.4 5.7 5.9 5.6 5.6 5.7 8.7 5.6 1.7 North Carolina Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 26,509 39,343 26,647 31,141 36,183 36,056 15,030 38,179 24,815 27,646 27,953 41,684 28,307 32,378 38,003 37,869 15,970 41,650 26,266 28,944 5.4 6.0 6.2 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.3 9.1 5.8 4.7 North Dakota Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 21,586 38,920 27,299 27,415 31,268 28,327 12,431 26,881 20,072 24,149 $22,570 40,801 28,816 29,086 33,092 29,867 12,851 28,131 20,769 24,929 4.6 4.8 5.6 6.1 5.8 5.4 3.4 4.7 3.5 3.2 Ohio Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ 28,763 40,218 32,164 40,371 34,776 38,431 14,719 30,130 42,292 33,782 41,649 36,284 40,548 15,648 4.8 5.2 5.0 3.2 4.3 5.5 6.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 35,433 25,253 31,216 38,283 26,499 32,113 8.0 4.9 2.9 Oklahoma Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 23,920 43,465 24,275 31,362 33,667 30,146 13,466 28,875 21,877 25,470 24,871 44,245 25,446 32,673 35,004 31,737 14,049 29,990 22,715 26,173 4.0 1.8 4.8 4.2 4.0 5.3 4.3 3.9 3.8 2.8 Oregon Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 27,866 34,782 34,806 37,079 34,752 38,835 16,516 34,882 24,699 31,524 29,046 36,171 35,274 38,750 35,714 39,855 17,459 36,963 25,911 32,363 4.2 4.0 1.3 4.5 2.8 2.6 5.7 6.0 4.9 2.7 Pennsylvania Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 29,651 42,169 33,404 38,258 37,355 38,066 15,183 39,997 28,111 33,610 31,109 43,956 34,826 39,679 38,772 40,295 15,879 43,734 29,483 34,853 4.9 4.2 4.3 3.7 3.8 5.9 4.6 9.3 4.9 3.7 Puerto Rico Private(6) Total................................................... 16,269 $17,146 5.4 Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 16,311 13,767 21,036 19,948 23,246 11,003 22,823 14,554 18,538 15,976 14,268 22,475 21,296 24,619 11,524 23,696 15,509 19,724 -2.1 3.6 6.8 6.8 5.9 4.7 3.8 6.6 6.4 Rhode Island Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 27,482 31,680 33,050 33,362 33,695 37,688 15,445 37,961 26,654 36,062 28,977 32,587 34,925 34,676 35,211 39,483 16,391 41,790 27,917 37,633 5.4 2.9 5.7 3.9 4.5 4.8 6.1 10.1 4.7 4.4 South Carolina Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 24,615 36,014 26,621 31,904 31,874 32,835 14,224 30,553 22,698 26,855 25,825 37,749 27,598 33,114 33,431 34,507 15,103 32,608 24,001 27,751 4.9 4.8 3.7 3.8 4.9 5.1 6.2 6.7 5.7 3.3 South Dakota Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... 21,083 39,785 24,835 26,489 27,802 26,771 12,522 26,320 22,280 41,315 25,793 29,081 28,799 28,144 13,057 28,012 5.7 3.8 3.9 9.8 3.6 5.1 4.3 6.4 Services................................................ Government................................................ 19,986 24,469 20,931 25,146 4.7 2.8 Tennessee Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 27,104 43,638 29,260 32,298 34,047 35,249 15,702 36,195 25,810 28,110 28,370 46,574 30,416 33,321 35,057 36,942 16,594 39,368 27,094 28,981 4.7 6.7 4.0 3.2 3.0 4.8 5.7 8.8 5.0 3.1 Texas Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 30,110 60,668 29,875 38,539 38,973 40,608 16,002 39,011 28,086 27,712 $32,090 64,660 31,511 41,472 40,995 44,100 16,999 41,924 29,692 28,653 6.6 6.6 5.5 7.6 5.2 8.6 6.2 7.5 5.7 3.4 Utah Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 25,314 45,555 26,414 31,514 33,960 33,360 15,130 31,779 24,166 27,828 26,487 46,264 27,201 32,491 34,624 35,775 15,781 34,487 25,555 28,779 4.6 1.6 3.0 3.1 2.0 7.2 4.3 8.5 5.7 3.4 Vermont Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. 25,012 30,123 26,202 31,551 4.8 4.7 Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 26,379 34,526 31,610 31,656 14,539 33,834 23,125 28,053 27,880 35,925 33,890 32,998 15,189 35,852 24,175 28,828 5.7 4.1 7.2 4.2 4.5 6.0 4.5 2.8 Virginia Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 28,848 40,172 28,301 33,484 39,592 40,562 15,374 38,900 30,155 32,706 30,917 41,553 29,491 34,815 43,797 43,008 16,308 42,391 32,671 33,525 7.2 3.4 4.2 4.0 10.6 6.0 6.1 9.0 8.3 2.5 Washington Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 30,337 44,219 32,601 40,722 38,601 36,682 16,808 37,418 30,999 32,830 32,914 42,952 33,670 42,268 40,315 39,033 17,913 40,721 35,913 33,865 8.5 -2.9 3.3 3.8 4.4 6.4 6.6 8.8 15.9 3.2 West Virginia Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ 24,290 46,973 26,461 33,975 33,672 30,268 12,839 25,497 21,688 $24,915 46,962 27,212 34,792 35,163 31,072 13,463 26,715 22,254 2.6 0.0 2.8 2.4 4.4 2.7 4.9 4.8 2.6 Government................................................ 26,466 26,726 1.0 Wisconsin Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 26,880 37,265 33,571 35,506 31,292 34,595 13,492 34,250 23,539 30,349 28,128 39,088 35,543 36,408 32,833 36,501 14,320 36,335 24,861 31,281 4.6 4.9 5.9 2.5 4.9 5.5 6.1 6.1 5.6 3.1 Wyoming Private(6) Total................................................... Mining.................................................. Construction............................................ Manufacturing........................................... Transportation, communications, and public utilities.... Wholesale trade......................................... Retail trade............................................ Finance, insurance, and real estate..................... Services................................................ Government................................................ 23,379 47,059 25,522 30,796 33,310 29,158 12,896 28,958 18,709 25,373 24,254 47,674 26,853 32,211 34,453 30,363 13,784 29,375 19,408 26,304 3.7 1.3 5.2 4.6 3.4 4.1 6.9 1.4 3.7 3.7 1 Includes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 2 Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs. 3 Data are preliminary. 4 Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar. 5 Totals for the United States were calculated using estimated data for New Jersey for the third and fourth quarters in 1998 and do not include data for Puerto Rico. 6 Includes data for industries in addition to those shown separately. 7 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. 8 New Jersey data for 1998 are not available. Please see text for more information.