Full text of Average Annual Pay by State and Industry : 1996, USDL 97-315 : Release

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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov:80/newsrels.htm
Technical information: (202) 606-6567 USDL 97-315
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
606-5902 Thursday, September 11, 1997

Media contact:

AVERAGE ANNUAL PAY BY STATE AND INDUSTRY, 1996

The average annual pay of all workers covered by State and Federal
Unemployment Insurance (UI) programs was $28,945 in 1996, a 3.9 percent
increase over the 1995 national average, according to preliminary data
released today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of
Labor. The annual pay of private industry workers, who comprise 84.2
percent of the nation's employment, rose 4.2 percent in 1996, while pay for
government workers rose 3.1 percent. Pay growth in the private sector
outpaced that of government workers for the second straight year. In 1995,
the increase in pay for private sector employees was 3.6 percent and for
government workers, 2.6.
Annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers
subject to state and federal UI laws, covering 118.0 million full- and parttime workers. Average annual pay is computed by dividing total annual
payrolls of employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number
of these employees. (See Technical Note beginning on page 3.) The
attached tables contain data for the nation, each of the 50 states, and the
District of Columbia.
States
The District of Columbia led the nation in average annual pay level in
1996--$44,458. (See table 2.) The District of Columbia has reported the
highest average pay level since 1987. Among the states in 1996, New York
had the highest pay level ($36,831), followed by Connecticut ($36,579),
New Jersey ($35,928), and Massachusetts ($33,940). The 1996 pay levels of
these five highest-ranking jurisdictions ranged from 17 to 54 percent more
than the U.S. average of $28,945. Since 1987, the same 10 states and the
District of Columbia have held the top 11 pay level positions, although
there have been shifts in individual rankings. The other six states in
this listing were Alaska, California, Michigan, Illinois, Delaware, and
Maryland. Also, from 1988 until 1993, these 10 states and the District of
Columbia were the only ones with average annual pay exceeding the national
average. In 1994, they were joined by Pennsylvania, which surpassed the
national average pay for the first time since 1980. (BLS began publishing
state annual pay data in 1979 with 1977 data.)

South Dakota's average annual pay was the lowest among the states
during 1996--$20,724, followed by Montana ($21,146), North Dakota
($21,242), Mississippi ($21,822), and Arkansas ($22,294). These states
have posted the five lowest average annual pay figures every year since
1988, although individual rankings have shifted; South Dakota, however, has
held the position of lowest average annual pay since 1977. The 1996
average annual pay levels of the bottom five ranked states were 23 to 28
percent less than the U.S. average of $28,945.
- 2 In 1996, the largest percentage increases in pay occurred in Delaware
and Minnesota; each reported pay increases of 5.5 percent from 1995 to
1996. Delaware posted strong gains in construction (10.9 percent),
finance, insurance, and real estate industry (8.6 percent), and
manufacturing (8.1 percent). In Minnesota, workers in the finance,
insurance, and real estate industry experienced the largest increase in
average annual pay (8.3 percent), followed by workers in the mining and
wholesale trade industries (6.7 percent each). Delaware and Minnesota were
followed by New York (5.4 percent) and Colorado and Washington (5.2 percent
each). (See table 3.)
Massachusetts (4.9 percent), the District of
Columbia (4.7 percent), Oregon and Texas (4.6 percent each), and Georgia
(4.5 percent) had the next highest increases. In 1996, a total of five
states reported pay growth rates of 5.0 percent or higher; no state or
jurisdiction had reached a growth rate of this magnitude in 1995.
A total
of 20 states and the District of Columbia had pay increases of 4.0 percent
or higher in 1996, compared with 11 states in 1995.
After an 8-year period without any state or jurisdiction experiencing a
decline in average annual pay, one state, Alaska, reported a decline in pay
during 1996.
Alaska’s 0.7-percent decline was largely attributable to a
3.3-percent decrease in pay within the government sector.
Hawaii had the
smallest increase (1.4 percent), followed by Idaho and Wyoming (2.3 percent
each) and West Virginia (2.5 percent). Eight states had percentage growth
rates in pay of less than 3.0 percent in 1996, compared with 12 states in
1995.
Industry
Average annual pay levels for the nation varied widely by industry.
(See table 4.) The mining industry, which accounts for less than 1 percent
of private sector employment, had the highest average annual pay--$47,612.
The next highest pay level--$41,728--was in finance, insurance, and real
estate and was 12 percent lower than average pay in the mining industry.
The lowest average annual pay, $15,215, was in the retail trade industry,

which employs a large proportion of part-time workers. The average annual
pay level for the government sector, which includes local, state, and
federal government establishments, was $30,878.
Within the private sector, for the second straight year, the finance,
insurance, and real estate industry had the largest percentage increase in
annual pay--8.2 percent in 1996. The next largest gain in 1996 was in
mining (5.2 percent), followed by manufacturing and wholesale trade (4.3
percent each). The services industry had the fifth highest increase (4.0
percent). The smallest pay gain among the eight major private sector
industry divisions was in transportation, communications, and public
utilities (3.0 percent). Pay growth in the government sector was 3.1
percent.

- 3 Technical Note
These data are the product of a federal-state cooperative program known
as the Covered Employment and Wages, or the ES-202, Program. The data are
derived from summaries of employment and total pay of workers covered by
unemployment insurance (UI) legislation and provided by State Employment
Security Agencies (SESAs). The summaries are a by-product of the
administration of state unemployment insurance programs that require most
employers to pay quarterly taxes based on the employment and wages of
workers covered by UI. Data for 1996 are preliminary and subject to
revision.
Coverage
Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI laws and for
federal civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for
Federal Employees (UCFE) program are compiled from quarterly contribution
reports submitted to the SESAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly
contribution reports, employers who operate multiple establishments within
a state complete a questionnaire, called the "Multiple Worksite Report,"
which provides detailed information on the location and industry of each of
their establishments. Average annual pay data are derived from summaries
of employment and wages submitted by states to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable from state to
state. In 1996, UI and UCFE programs covered workers in 118.0 million
jobs. The estimated 112.9 million workers in these jobs (because they
include multiple job holders) represent 97.3 percent of wage and salary

civilian employment. Covered workers received $3.415 trillion in pay,
representing 94.0 percent of the wage and salary component of personal
income and 44.7 percent of the gross domestic product.
Major exclusions from UI coverage during 1996 included most
agricultural workers on small farms, all members of the Armed Forces,
elected officials in most states, most employees of railroads, some
domestic workers, most student workers at schools, and employees of certain
small nonprofit organizations.
Concepts and methodology
Average annual pay is computed by dividing total annual pay of
employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these
employees. Included in the annual payroll data are bonuses, the cash value
of meals and lodging when supplied, tips and other gratuities, and, in some
states, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation plans such
as 401(k) plans and stock options. Monthly employment is based on the
number of workers who worked during or received pay for the pay period
including the 12th of the month. With few exceptions, all employees of
covered firms are reported, including production and sales workers,
corporation officials, executives, supervisory personnel, and clerical
workers. Workers on paid vacations and part-time workers also are
included. Percentage changes in average annual pay for 1996 were computed
using final 1995 data as a base.
Average annual pay is affected by the ratio of full-time to part-time
workers as well as the number of individuals in high-paying and low-paying
occupations. When comparing average annual pay levels between industries
and/or states, these factors should be taken into consideration. Annual
pay data only approximate annual earnings, because an individual may not be
employed by the same employer all year or may work for more than one
employer. Year-to-year changes in average annual pay can result from a
change in the proportion of employment in high- and low- wage jobs, as well
as from changes in the level of average annual pay.
Employment and wage data presented in this release are classified in
accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual.
In order to insure the highest possible quality of data, State Employment
Security Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the SIC,
location, and ownership classification of all establishments on a 3-year
cycle. Changes in establishment classification codes resulting from the
verification process are introduced with the data reported for the first
quarter of the year. Changes resulting from improved employer reporting
also are introduced in the first quarter. For these reasons, some data,
especially at more detailed industry levels, may not be strictly comparable

with earlier years.
- 4 Data in table 4 are presented separately for the private sector and for
government. Government data include federal, state, and local
establishments.
A few covered employers provided insufficient information on the nature
of their businesses to assign a specific SIC classification and therefore
could not be classified by industry division. The wages for these
nonclassifiable establishments, along with data for the agricultural
division, are not shown separately, but are included in the averages for
state and national totals.
Additional statistics and other information
BLS issues two other regular reports which provide data from state UI
and UCFE programs. A news release on average annual pay for the nation's
metropolitan areas is scheduled to be issued in October. Also published
from this program is the comprehensive bulletin, Employment and Wages,
which features information by detailed industry on establishments,
employment, and wages for the nation and all states. The report, which is
due to be issued in late 1997, will be for sale from the BLS Publications
Sales Center, P.O. Box 2145, Chicago, Illinois 60690.
This news release, along with other BLS statistics and information, is
available via the Internet at the BLS World Wide Web site
(http://stats.bls.gov:80/newsrels.htm). Information in this release will
be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice
phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-326-2577.

Table 1. State average annual pay for 1995 and 1996 and percent change in pay
for all covered workers 1/
State

Average annual pay
1995
1996 2/
UNITED STATES.............................................$ 27,846 $ 28,945
Alabama................................................... 24,396
25,180
Alaska.................................................... 32,685
32,461
Arizona................................................... 25,324
26,387
Arkansas.................................................. 21,590
22,294
California................................................ 30,717
31,773
Colorado.................................................. 27,122
28,520

Percent
change,
1995-96 3/
3.9
3.2
-0.7
4.2
3.3
3.4
5.2

Connecticut............................................... 35,127
Delaware.................................................. 29,123
District of Columbia...................................... 42,453
Florida................................................... 24,709
Georgia................................................... 26,308
Hawaii.................................................... 26,977
Idaho..................................................... 22,839
Illinois.................................................. 30,101
Indiana................................................... 25,571
Iowa...................................................... 22,875
Kansas.................................................... 23,709
Kentucky.................................................. 23,502
Louisiana................................................. 23,895
Maine..................................................... 23,125
Maryland.................................................. 29,143
Massachusetts............................................. 32,352
Michigan.................................................. 30,545
Minnesota................................................. 27,363
Mississippi............................................... 21,120
Missouri.................................................. 25,669
Montana................................................... 20,516
Nebraska.................................................. 22,389
Nevada.................................................... 26,647
New Hampshire............................................. 26,637
New Jersey................................................ 34,533
New Mexico................................................ 23,040
New York.................................................. 34,938
North Carolina............................................ 24,403
North Dakota.............................................. 20,492
Ohio...................................................... 26,868
Oklahoma.................................................. 22,671
Oregon.................................................... 25,833
Pennsylvania.............................................. 27,904
Rhode Island.............................................. 26,375
South Carolina............................................ 23,292
South Dakota.............................................. 19,931
Tennessee................................................. 25,046
Texas..................................................... 26,899
Utah...................................................... 23,626
Vermont................................................... 23,583
Virginia.................................................. 26,899
Washington................................................ 27,453
West Virginia............................................. 23,488
Wisconsin................................................. 25,099
Wyoming................................................... 22,351
1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and

36,579
30,711
44,458
25,640
27,488
27,363
23,353
31,285
26,477
23,679
24,609
24,462
24,528
23,850
30,293
33,940
31,522
28,869
21,822
26,608
21,146
23,291
27,788
27,691
35,928
23,716
36,831
25,408
21,242
27,775
23,329
27,027
28,973
27,194
24,039
20,724
25,963
28,129
24,572
24,480
28,001
28,881
24,075
26,021
22,870

4.1
5.5
4.7
3.8
4.5
1.4
2.3
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.8
4.1
2.7
3.1
3.9
4.9
3.2
5.5
3.3
3.7
3.1
4.0
4.3
4.0
4.0
2.9
5.4
4.1
3.7
3.4
2.9
4.6
3.8
3.1
3.2
4.0
3.7
4.6
4.0
3.8
4.1
5.2
2.5
3.7
2.3

Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
2/ Data are preliminary.
3/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and
may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar.
================================================================================================
Table 2. States ranked by average annual pay for 1996, 1995 and 1996 pay levels,
and percent change in pay for all covered workers 1/
Percent
State
Average annual pay
change,
1995
1996 2/
1995-96 3/
District of Columbia......................................$ 42,453 $ 44,458
4.7
New York.................................................. 34,938
36,831
5.4
Connecticut............................................... 35,127
36,579
4.1
New Jersey................................................ 34,533
35,928
4.0
Massachusetts............................................. 32,352
33,940
4.9
Alaska.................................................... 32,685
32,461
-0.7
California................................................ 30,717
31,773
3.4
Michigan.................................................. 30,545
31,522
3.2
Illinois.................................................. 30,101
31,285
3.9
Delaware.................................................. 29,123
30,711
5.5
Maryland.................................................. 29,143
30,293
3.9
Pennsylvania.............................................. 27,904
28,973
3.8
UNITED STATES............................................. 27,846
28,945
3.9
Washington................................................ 27,453
28,881
5.2
Minnesota................................................. 27,363
28,869
5.5
Colorado.................................................. 27,122
28,520
5.2
Texas..................................................... 26,899
28,129
4.6
Virginia.................................................. 26,899
28,001
4.1
Nevada.................................................... 26,647
27,788
4.3
Ohio...................................................... 26,868
27,775
3.4
New Hampshire............................................. 26,637
27,691
4.0
Georgia................................................... 26,308
27,488
4.5
Hawaii.................................................... 26,977
27,363
1.4
Rhode Island.............................................. 26,375
27,194
3.1
Oregon.................................................... 25,833
27,027
4.6
Missouri.................................................. 25,669
26,608
3.7
Indiana................................................... 25,571
26,477
3.5
Arizona................................................... 25,324
26,387
4.2
Wisconsin................................................. 25,099
26,021
3.7
Tennessee................................................. 25,046
25,963
3.7
Florida................................................... 24,709
25,640
3.8
North Carolina............................................ 24,403
25,408
4.1
Alabama................................................... 24,396
25,180
3.2
Kansas.................................................... 23,709
24,609
3.8
Utah...................................................... 23,626
24,572
4.0
Louisiana................................................. 23,895
24,528
2.7

Vermont................................................... 23,583
24,480
3.8
Kentucky.................................................. 23,502
24,462
4.1
West Virginia............................................. 23,488
24,075
2.5
South Carolina............................................ 23,292
24,039
3.2
Maine..................................................... 23,125
23,850
3.1
New Mexico................................................ 23,040
23,716
2.9
Iowa...................................................... 22,875
23,679
3.5
Idaho..................................................... 22,839
23,353
2.3
Oklahoma.................................................. 22,671
23,329
2.9
Nebraska.................................................. 22,389
23,291
4.0
Wyoming................................................... 22,351
22,870
2.3
Arkansas.................................................. 21,590
22,294
3.3
Mississippi............................................... 21,120
21,822
3.3
North Dakota.............................................. 20,492
21,242
3.7
Montana................................................... 20,516
21,146
3.1
South Dakota.............................................. 19,931
20,724
4.0
1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
2/ Data are preliminary.
3/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and
may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar.
================================================================================================
Table 3. States ranked by 1995 to 1996 growth in annual pay, 1995 and 1996 pay
levels, and percent change in pay for all covered workers 1/
Percent
State
Average annual pay
change,
1995
1996 2/
1995-96 3/
Delaware..................................................$ 29,123 $ 30,711
5.5
Minnesota................................................. 27,363
28,869
5.5
New York.................................................. 34,938
36,831
5.4
Colorado.................................................. 27,122
28,520
5.2
Washington................................................ 27,453
28,881
5.2
Massachusetts............................................. 32,352
33,940
4.9
District of Columbia...................................... 42,453
44,458
4.7
Oregon.................................................... 25,833
27,027
4.6
Texas..................................................... 26,899
28,129
4.6
Georgia................................................... 26,308
27,488
4.5
Nevada.................................................... 26,647
27,788
4.3
Arizona................................................... 25,324
26,387
4.2
Connecticut............................................... 35,127
36,579
4.1
Kentucky.................................................. 23,502
24,462
4.1
North Carolina............................................ 24,403
25,408
4.1
Virginia.................................................. 26,899
28,001
4.1
Nebraska.................................................. 22,389
23,291
4.0
New Hampshire............................................. 26,637
27,691
4.0
New Jersey................................................ 34,533
35,928
4.0

South Dakota.............................................. 19,931
20,724
4.0
Utah...................................................... 23,626
24,572
4.0
Illinois.................................................. 30,101
31,285
3.9
Maryland.................................................. 29,143
30,293
3.9
UNITED STATES............................................. 27,846
28,945
3.9
Florida................................................... 24,709
25,640
3.8
Kansas.................................................... 23,709
24,609
3.8
Pennsylvania.............................................. 27,904
28,973
3.8
Vermont................................................... 23,583
24,480
3.8
Missouri.................................................. 25,669
26,608
3.7
North Dakota.............................................. 20,492
21,242
3.7
Tennessee................................................. 25,046
25,963
3.7
Wisconsin................................................. 25,099
26,021
3.7
Indiana................................................... 25,571
26,477
3.5
Iowa...................................................... 22,875
23,679
3.5
California................................................ 30,717
31,773
3.4
Ohio...................................................... 26,868
27,775
3.4
Arkansas.................................................. 21,590
22,294
3.3
Mississippi............................................... 21,120
21,822
3.3
Alabama................................................... 24,396
25,180
3.2
Michigan.................................................. 30,545
31,522
3.2
South Carolina............................................ 23,292
24,039
3.2
Maine..................................................... 23,125
23,850
3.1
Montana................................................... 20,516
21,146
3.1
Rhode Island.............................................. 26,375
27,194
3.1
New Mexico................................................ 23,040
23,716
2.9
Oklahoma.................................................. 22,671
23,329
2.9
Louisiana................................................. 23,895
24,528
2.7
West Virginia............................................. 23,488
24,075
2.5
Idaho..................................................... 22,839
23,353
2.3
Wyoming................................................... 22,351
22,870
2.3
Hawaii.................................................... 26,977
27,363
1.4
Alaska.................................................... 32,685
32,461
-0.7
1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
2/ Data are preliminary.
3/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and
may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar.
================================================================================================
Table 4. State and industry average annual pay for 1995 and 1996 and percent change
in pay for all covered workers 1/
Percent
State and industry
Average annual pay
change,
1995
1996 2/
1995-96 3/
United States
Private 4/

Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Alabama
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Alaska
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Arizona
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................

27,441
45,278
29,228
34,757
35,044
35,982
14,747
38,577
26,157
29,957

$

28,581
47,612
30,340
36,235
36,095
37,527
15,215
41,728
27,213
30,878

4.2
5.2
3.8
4.3
3.0
4.3
3.2
8.2
4.0
3.1

23,719
44,043
23,546
27,451
33,365
30,212
13,271
29,226
23,566
27,399

24,592
45,860
24,981
28,705
34,253
31,076
13,663
31,292
24,319
27,835

3.7
4.1
6.1
4.6
2.7
2.9
2.9
7.1
3.2
1.6

30,369
77,318
45,332
29,820
39,660
33,514
17,991
30,467
24,938
39,053

30,548
80,188
45,427
29,205
39,558
33,761
18,325
31,563
25,128
37,783

0.6
3.7
0.2
-2.1
-0.3
0.7
1.9
3.6
0.8
-3.3

24,880
42,784
26,041
35,742
32,604
32,355
15,183
31,732
23,419
27,662

25,923
49,075
26,726
37,168
33,141
34,065
16,075
33,528
24,186
28,954

4.2
14.7
2.6
4.0
1.6
5.3
5.9
5.7
3.3
4.7

Arkansas
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
California
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Colorado
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Connecticut
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................

21,132
29,913
22,313
23,805
29,623
27,444
13,537
26,459
19,817
24,044

$

21,832
30,422
23,318
24,811
30,103
28,540
13,828
27,793
20,576
24,760

3.3
1.7
4.5
4.2
1.6
4.0
2.2
5.0
3.8
3.0

30,023
52,375
32,278
38,518
37,507
37,649
16,892
40,099
30,450
34,359

31,183
54,222
32,636
39,810
38,543
39,433
17,276
43,306
31,794
34,945

3.9
3.5
1.1
3.4
2.8
4.7
2.3
8.0
4.4
1.7

26,769
50,719
28,434
34,999
37,888
36,053
14,882
33,638
25,801
28,947

28,182
56,029
29,870
37,080
39,290
37,788
15,528
35,976
27,212
30,334

5.3
10.5
5.1
5.9
3.7
4.8
4.3
7.0
5.5
4.8

34,939
50,032
36,436
44,667
40,764
47,549
17,435
52,860

36,439
50,909
37,777
47,045
41,246
49,449
17,806
57,686

4.3
1.8
3.7
5.3
1.2
4.0
2.1
9.1

Services............................................. 31,025
Government............................................. 36,394
Delaware
Private 4/
Total................................................$ 28,935
Mining............................................... 32,335
Construction......................................... 28,345
Manufacturing........................................ 46,873
Transportation, communications, and public utilities. 33,914
Wholesale trade...................................... 34,674
Retail trade......................................... 14,305
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................. 33,254
Services............................................. 24,536
Government............................................. 30,318
District of Columbia
Private 4/
Total................................................ 38,030
Mining............................................... 110,631
Construction......................................... 32,948
Manufacturing........................................ 50,589
Transportation, communications, and public utilities. 53,921
Wholesale trade...................................... 47,382
Retail trade......................................... 15,971
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................. 49,503
Services............................................. 39,095
Government............................................. 48,956
Florida
Private 4/
Total................................................ 24,100
Mining............................................... 37,034
Construction......................................... 25,149
Manufacturing........................................ 30,989
Transportation, communications, and public utilities. 32,425
Wholesale trade...................................... 34,164
Retail trade......................................... 15,117
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................. 32,955
Services............................................. 24,011
Government............................................. 28,158
Georgia
Private 4/
Total................................................ 26,444
Mining............................................... 38,172
Construction......................................... 26,408
Manufacturing........................................ 28,857
Transportation, communications, and public utilities. 38,341
Wholesale trade...................................... 37,919

$

32,272
37,539

4.0
3.1

30,592
33,689
31,445
50,692
34,738
36,082
14,993
36,109
25,963
31,476

5.7
4.2
10.9
8.1
2.4
4.1
4.8
8.6
5.8
3.8

40,195
131,091
34,814
52,970
55,710
51,434
16,260
56,463
41,075
51,008

5.7
18.5
5.7
4.7
3.3
8.6
1.8
14.1
5.1
4.2

25,045
41,991
26,184
31,946
32,933
35,783
15,621
34,918
24,961
29,093

3.9
13.4
4.1
3.1
1.6
4.7
3.3
6.0
4.0
3.3

27,611
38,531
27,758
30,595
39,981
39,620

4.4
0.9
5.1
6.0
4.3
4.5

Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Hawaii
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Idaho
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Illinois
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Indiana
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................

14,321
36,023
26,062
25,633

14,848
38,526
26,970
26,852

3.7
6.9
3.5
4.8

26,371
50,042
42,365
29,884
34,429
31,312
16,849
33,162
26,369
31,346

1.8
-1.5
1.6
2.5
3.7
0.8
1.4
5.3
1.5
0.5

22,621
35,278
26,106
32,494
27,845
24,918
13,238
26,277
21,978
23,783

23,047
35,944
25,910
32,274
28,434
26,074
13,783
28,522
22,261
24,703

1.9
1.9
-0.8
-0.7
2.1
4.6
4.1
8.5
1.3
3.9

29,963
43,073
36,350
37,158
36,933
39,539
15,201
42,398
27,333
30,949

31,130
46,149
38,031
38,343
37,676
41,233
15,668
45,427
28,447
32,256

3.9
7.1
4.6
3.2
2.0
4.3
3.1
7.1
4.1
4.2

25,434
40,039
29,008
34,885

26,379
42,112
29,997
36,328

3.7
5.2
3.4
4.1

25,914
50,810
41,695
29,166
33,195
31,050
16,617
31,483
25,979
31,204

$

Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Iowa
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Kansas
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Kentucky
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Louisiana
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................

30,648
31,870
12,914
28,691
21,727
26,456

31,928
32,946
13,394
30,541
22,586
27,116

4.2
3.4
3.7
6.4
4.0
2.5

23,160
29,774
28,295
31,707
29,449
29,141
12,422
30,950
19,988
26,420

3.5
2.8
4.2
3.3
2.5
4.7
3.2
6.2
3.7
3.6

23,612
29,740
25,747
31,112
31,581
31,809
13,010
28,791
21,543
24,123

24,574
30,311
26,762
32,967
32,095
33,238
13,396
30,174
22,281
24,764

4.1
1.9
3.9
6.0
1.6
4.5
3.0
4.8
3.4
2.7

23,166
38,440
24,270
30,053
30,519
29,329
12,717
28,435
21,103
25,200

24,130
40,254
25,446
31,631
32,272
30,104
13,190
29,994
21,881
26,167

4.2
4.7
4.8
5.3
5.7
2.6
3.7
5.5
3.7
3.8

23,999
42,735

24,732
44,695

3.1
4.6

22,371
28,949
27,149
30,706
28,732
27,829
12,036
29,131
19,278
25,513

$

Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Maine
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Maryland
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Massachusetts
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Michigan
Private 4/

25,382
33,878
32,126
29,556
12,985
28,595
21,962
23,472

26,753
35,137
32,570
30,592
13,168
29,442
22,626
23,685

5.4
3.7
1.4
3.5
1.4
3.0
3.0
0.9

23,288
21,012
26,005
30,521
29,159
30,532
14,126
32,153
21,970
26,686

3.5
-4.5
7.7
3.9
1.4
4.1
2.5
4.1
3.4
1.6

27,822
35,991
29,788
36,723
35,612
37,615
15,912
36,248
28,499
34,789

28,945
36,777
31,072
38,074
36,925
39,392
16,365
38,925
29,511
36,145

4.0
2.2
4.3
3.7
3.7
4.7
2.8
7.4
3.5
3.9

32,154
35,143
35,849
40,813
36,544
43,055
16,064
47,000
31,191
33,685

33,765
34,426
37,618
42,635
37,303
45,641
16,853
51,310
32,613
35,135

5.0
-2.0
4.9
4.5
2.1
6.0
4.9
9.2
4.6
4.3

22,491
22,002
24,153
29,380
28,755
29,344
13,780
30,874
21,257
26,269

$

Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Minnesota
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Mississippi
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Missouri
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................

30,448
38,869
32,442
45,187
36,577
40,332
14,050
32,635
25,896
31,143

31,406
40,545
33,587
46,739
37,407
41,621
14,560
34,646
26,866
32,244

3.1
4.3
3.5
3.4
2.3
3.2
3.6
6.2
3.7
3.5

28,554
45,768
35,176
37,250
35,038
39,899
14,497
40,437
25,282
30,822

5.7
6.7
5.3
5.3
3.9
6.7
4.3
8.3
5.6
4.7

20,734
30,028
22,063
23,310
29,741
27,179
12,369
26,057
20,275
22,747

21,461
31,662
23,233
24,334
30,634
28,274
12,747
26,835
20,978
23,349

3.5
5.4
5.3
4.4
3.0
4.0
3.1
3.0
3.5
2.6

25,604
36,512
30,127
33,103
33,095
33,706
13,838
31,767
23,573
26,033

26,551
37,073
31,194
34,315
34,103
34,901
14,243
33,657
24,545
26,926

3.7
1.5
3.5
3.7
3.0
3.5
2.9
6.0
4.1
3.4

27,023
42,902
33,393
35,375
33,727
37,388
13,903
37,345
23,937
29,435

$

Montana
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Nebraska
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Nevada
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
New Hampshire
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................

19,536
41,974
24,964
25,678
28,970
25,755
12,116
24,532
18,367
24,391

20,082
41,566
25,433
26,856
29,134
26,612
12,382
25,988
18,999
25,440

2.8
-1.0
1.9
4.6
0.6
3.3
2.2
5.9
3.4
4.3

22,823
27,425
28,049
28,857
30,460
27,459
12,627
30,433
21,964
25,461

4.3
4.6
7.7
3.7
1.7
4.2
4.4
4.6
5.4
3.1

25,809
46,279
31,599
30,094
30,922
33,139
16,805
30,803
25,227
32,714

26,931
48,957
34,507
31,905
32,039
34,805
17,574
33,259
25,647
34,190

4.3
5.8
9.2
6.0
3.6
5.0
4.6
8.0
1.7
4.5

26,522
31,960
28,505
34,607
33,144
42,086
15,040
33,590

27,648
33,395
30,053
36,378
34,326
42,392
15,535
35,338

4.2
4.5
5.4
5.1
3.6
0.7
3.3
5.2

21,878
26,225
26,053
27,835
29,951
26,345
12,099
29,094
20,835
24,697

$

Services.............................................
Government.............................................
New Jersey
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
New Mexico
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
New York
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
North Carolina
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................

24,869
27,391

25,911
27,972

4.2
2.1

33,890
43,644
37,353
42,171
41,769
43,697
17,820
45,469
31,979
38,122

35,351
45,669
38,510
44,126
43,381
45,405
18,366
50,391
33,082
39,194

4.3
4.6
3.1
4.6
3.9
3.9
3.1
10.8
3.5
2.8

22,604
39,212
23,392
29,630
30,431
28,215
13,884
26,336
23,907
27,700

3.2
7.0
1.9
5.6
0.5
3.1
3.5
2.4
3.1
2.2

34,667
44,033
35,596
39,589
40,019
42,535
16,425
65,618
30,461
36,245

36,714
46,855
36,856
41,843
41,922
44,171
16,890
75,051
31,555
37,405

5.9
6.4
3.5
5.7
4.8
3.8
2.8
14.4
3.6
3.2

24,122
36,265
24,138
27,753
33,643
33,000

25,168
37,068
25,199
29,110
34,985
34,319

4.3
2.2
4.4
4.9
4.0
4.0

21,893
36,630
22,963
28,067
30,273
27,368
13,408
25,719
23,190
27,116

$

Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
North Dakota
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Ohio
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Oklahoma
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Oregon
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................

13,936
33,185
22,689
25,927

14,352
35,939
23,743
26,718

3.0
8.3
4.6
3.1

19,964
37,014
24,853
25,502
29,177
26,197
11,455
25,006
18,645
22,779

20,754
37,130
26,587
26,569
29,954
27,337
11,859
25,776
19,357
23,421

4.0
0.3
7.0
4.2
2.7
4.4
3.5
3.1
3.8
2.8

27,448
38,065
30,703
38,356
33,329
36,423
14,126
33,157
24,238
29,848

3.3
7.1
3.8
3.0
2.8
3.4
3.5
6.1
3.7
3.7

22,268
40,814
22,523
28,777
32,559
27,755
12,614
26,115
20,387
24,225

22,901
42,395
23,408
29,740
32,912
28,923
13,012
27,450
20,838
25,043

2.8
3.9
3.9
3.3
1.1
4.2
3.2
5.1
2.2
3.4

25,176
33,981
30,943
33,229

26,434
34,034
33,009
34,870

5.0
0.2
6.7
4.9

26,562
35,551
29,568
37,228
32,416
35,214
13,646
31,242
23,372
28,780

$

Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Pennsylvania
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Rhode Island
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
South Carolina
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
South Dakota
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................

32,589
34,570
15,140
30,219
22,611
29,392

33,556
36,962
15,857
32,445
23,608
30,321

3.0
6.9
4.7
7.4
4.4
3.2

27,340
38,883
30,688
34,803
34,945
35,129
14,143
35,096
26,221
31,536

28,369
41,713
31,710
36,328
36,124
36,230
14,515
38,056
27,083
32,909

3.8
7.3
3.3
4.4
3.4
3.1
2.6
8.4
3.3
4.4

26,129
30,998
31,086
31,250
32,396
36,360
14,665
35,115
25,661
33,895

3.4
4.5
2.3
4.0
1.6
6.1
2.5
3.8
3.4
1.7

22,938
32,531
24,478
29,045
30,770
30,454
13,379
27,540
21,120
24,988

23,637
34,056
26,050
30,085
31,239
31,719
13,725
28,579
21,811
26,001

3.0
4.7
6.4
3.6
1.5
4.2
2.6
3.8
3.3
4.1

19,244
36,545

20,111
38,603

4.5
5.6

25,274
29,662
30,379
30,040
31,884
34,267
14,303
33,843
24,827
33,332

$

Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Tennessee
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Texas
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Utah
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Vermont
Private 4/

22,612
23,451
25,531
24,707
11,529
24,162
18,644
23,140

23,503
24,882
26,357
26,037
11,942
25,091
19,303
23,705

3.9
6.1
3.2
5.4
3.6
3.8
3.5
2.4

24,749
34,908
26,252
29,065
31,817
32,234
14,427
31,926
23,849
26,773

25,724
37,346
27,223
30,790
32,259
33,417
15,018
33,939
24,489
27,347

3.9
7.0
3.7
5.9
1.4
3.7
4.1
6.3
2.7
2.1

28,421
56,568
28,912
36,163
36,678
37,914
15,341
36,479
26,662
26,765

4.7
5.4
5.1
4.4
3.4
4.9
3.3
7.3
5.0
3.8

24,103
44,000
25,092
30,196
32,556
31,539
14,237
29,562
23,091
26,867

4.1
5.2
2.4
5.2
1.5
5.5
4.4
7.0
3.2
4.0

27,146
53,694
27,518
34,638
35,484
36,155
14,848
33,985
25,381
25,774

23,156
41,813
24,503
28,705
32,074
29,905
13,637
27,637
22,371
25,840

$

Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Virginia
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
Washington
Private 4/
Total................................................$
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................
West Virginia
Private 4/
Total................................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing........................................
Transportation, communications, and public utilities.
Wholesale trade......................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..................
Services.............................................
Government.............................................

23,122
27,301
24,404
31,664
29,977
29,636
13,641
30,153
21,233
25,961

24,040
28,417
25,471
33,019
30,616
30,341
13,998
32,166
22,225
26,786

4.0
4.1
4.4
4.3
2.1
2.4
2.6
6.7
4.7
3.2

26,108
38,292
25,857
30,630
35,310
36,532
14,340
33,432
27,277
30,244

27,315
39,680
26,786
31,999
37,330
38,341
14,746
35,759
28,602
30,986

4.6
3.6
3.6
4.5
5.7
5.0
2.8
7.0
4.9
2.5

28,217
40,793
30,696
39,086
35,881
34,880
16,083
34,430
28,057
31,961

5.7
0.0
3.8
4.3
2.8
5.4
3.4
7.1
8.7
3.6

23,724
46,173
25,747
33,678
33,090
29,181
12,295
24,591
20,907
25,500

2.5
2.9
3.9
3.3
3.0
4.3
2.0
5.2
2.8
2.4

26,704
40,784
29,569
37,469
34,899
33,095
15,549
32,159
25,810
30,862

23,144
44,870
24,785
32,613
32,134
27,967
12,053
23,371
20,340
24,907

$

Wisconsin
Private 4/
Total................................................ 24,544
25,505
3.9
Mining............................................... 35,165
35,998
2.4
Construction......................................... 30,386
31,902
5.0
Manufacturing........................................ 32,279
33,464
3.7
Transportation, communications, and public utilities. 29,273
29,983
2.4
Wholesale trade...................................... 31,497
32,787
4.1
Retail trade......................................... 12,478
12,916
3.5
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................. 30,022
31,811
6.0
Services............................................. 21,585
22,558
4.5
Government............................................. 28,666
29,365
2.4
Wyoming
Private 4/
Total................................................ 21,700
22,264
2.6
Mining............................................... 43,671
44,926
2.9
Construction......................................... 23,801
24,634
3.5
Manufacturing........................................ 26,559
29,486
11.0
Transportation, communications, and public utilities. 31,612
31,664
0.2
Wholesale trade...................................... 26,774
27,793
3.8
Retail trade......................................... 12,008
12,372
3.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................. 25,406
27,247
7.2
Services............................................. 17,660
18,048
2.2
Government............................................. 24,309
24,708
1.6
1/ Includes workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
2/ Data are preliminary.
3/ Percent changes were computed from unrounded average annual pay data and
may differ from those computed using data rounded to the nearest dollar.
4/ Includes data for industries in addition to those shown separately.
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