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c

Area
Wage
Survey

Zo j s -Z

Bulletin 2025-8
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics




&
\5>

York, Pennsylvania,
Metropolitan Area,
February 1978

Preface
T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s r e s u lt s o f a F e b r u a r y 1978 s u r v e y o f o c c u ­
p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e fit s in th e Y o r k , P e n n s y lv a n ia ,
S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a .
T he su rv e y w as m ad e as p a rt o f
the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s ' a n n u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m .
It w a s
c o n d u c te d b y the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in P h ila d e lp h ia , P a ., u n d e r the
g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f I r w in L . F e ig e n b a u m , A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l C o m m is s io n e r
f o r O p e r a t io n s .
T h e s u r v e y c o u ld n ot h a v e b e e n a c c o m p lis h e d w ith ou t the
c o o p e r a t io n o f the m a n y f i r m s w h o s e w a g e and s a la r y data p r o v id e d the b a s is
f o r the s t a t is t ic a l in fo r m a t io n in th is b u lle tin . T h e B u r e a u w is h e s to e x p r e s s
s in c e r e a p p r e c ia t io n f o r th e c o o p e r a t io n r e c e i v e d .




M a t e r ia l in th is p u b lic a t io n is in th e p u b lic d o m a in and m a y b e r e ­
p r o d u c e d w ith ou t p e r m i s s i o n o f th e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t . P le a s e c r e d i t th e
B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s and c it e th e n a m e and n u m b e r o f th is p u b lic a t io n .

Note:
A l s o a v a ila b le f o r the Y o r k a r e a a r e lis t i n g s o f u n io n w a g e r a t e s
f o r s e v e n s e le c t e d b u ild in g t r a d e s . F r e e c o p i e s o f t h e s e a r e a v a ila b le f r o m
the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e s . (S e e b a c k c o v e r f o r a d d r e s s e s . )

Area
Wage
Survey

York, Pennsylvania,
Metropolitan Area,
February 1978

U.S. Department of Labor
Ray Marshall, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Julius Shiskin, Commissioner

Contents

Page

Introduction

2

Page

May 1978
Bulletin 2025-8

T ables— Continued
B.

T ab les:
A.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, GPO
Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover.




E a rn in gs, a ll es ta b lis h m e n ts :
A - l . W eek ly ea rn in gs o f o f fic e w o r k e r s __ 3
A -2 . W eek ly ea rn in gs o f p r o fe s s io n a l
and te ch n ica l w o r k e r s
5
A - 3. A v e ra g e w e e k ly ea rn in gs of
o ffic e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and
te c h n ica l w o r k e r s , by s e x
6
A - 4 . H ourly ea rn in gs o f m a in ten a n ce,
to o lr o o m , and p ow erp la n t
w o rk e rs
7
A - 5. H ourly ea rn in gs o f m a te r ia l
m ov em en t and cu sto d ia l w o r k e r s __ 8
A - 6. A v e ra g e h ou rly ea rn in gs o f
m a in ten a n ce, t o o lr o o m , p o w e rplant, m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t, and
10
cu sto d ia l w o r k e r s , by s e x
A - l . P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s in a vera ge
h ou rly ea rn in g s, adjusted fo r
em p loym en t s h ifts, f o r s e le c te d
11
occu p a tio n a l grou ps

E sta b lish m e n t p r a c tic e s and
su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s :
B - 1. M in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r
in e x p e rie n ce d ty p ists and c l e r k s ___
B -2 . L a t e -s h ift pay p r o v is io n s fo r
fu ll-tim e m an u factu rin g
p ro d u ctio n and rela ted w o rk e rs
B -3 . S cheduled w e e k ly h ou rs and days of
fu ll-tim e f ir s t - s h if t w o rk e rs . _
B -4 . Annual paid h olid a ys fo r fu ll-tim e
w o r k e r s ___
B -5 . P aid v a ca tion p r o v is io n s fo r
fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s ___ _
B -6 . H ealth, in su ra n ce , and pension
plans f o r fu ll-t im e w o rk e rs
B -7 . L ife in su ra n ce plans fo r
fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s

A pp end ix A.
A pp end ix B.

S cop e and m ethod o f su rv ey _
O ccu p a tion a l d e s crip tio n s

12

13
14
15
16
19
20
23
28

Introduction
T h is a r e a is 1 o f 7 5 in w h ic h th e U .S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r 's B u ­
re a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s c o n d u c ts s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s a nd r e ­
la te d b e n e f it s .
(S e e l i s t o f a r e a s on in s id e b a c k c o v e r . )
In e a c h a r e a ,
o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s data ( A - s e r i e s t a b le s ) a r e c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly .
I n fo r ­
m a tio n on e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s an d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e fit s ( B s e r i e s t a b le s ) is o b ta in e d e v e r y t h ir d y e a r .
E a c h y e a r a ft e r a ll in d iv id u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s h a v e b e e n c o m ­
p le t e d , tw o s u m m a r y b u lle tin s a r e is s u e d .
T h e f i r s t b r in g s t o g e t h e r data
f o r e a c h m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; th e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s n a tio n a l and r e ­
g io n a l e s t im a t e s , p r o je c t e d f r o m in d iv id u a l m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a d a ta , f o r a ll
S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s in th e U n ited S t a te s , e x c lu d in g A la s k a
and H a w a ii.

T a b le A - 7 p r o v id e s p e r c e n t c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f
o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , in d u s t r ia l
n u r s e s , s k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s w o r k e r s , a n d u n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s .
W h e re p o s s i b l e , data a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s and f o r m a n u fa c tu r in g
and n on m a n u fa ctu rin g s e p a r a t e ly .
D ata a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d f o r s k ille d m a in ­
te n a n c e w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g b e c a u s e th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s e m ­
p lo y e d in th is o c c u p a t io n a l g ro u p in n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g is t o o s m a ll to w a r r a n t
s e p a r a t e p r e s e n ta t io n .
T h is ta b le p r o v id e s a m e a s u r e o f w a g e t r e n d s a ft e r
e lim in a t io n o f ch a n g e s in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s c a u s e d b y e m p lo y m e n t s h ift s
a m o n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts a s w e ll a s t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s in c lu d e d in
s u r v e y s a m p le s .
F o r fu r t h e r d e t a ils , s e e a p p e n d ix A .
B -s e r ie s

ta b le s

A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in th e a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is th e n e e d
to d e s c r i b e th e le v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r ie t y o f la b o r m a r k e t s ,
th ro u g h th e a n a ly s is o f (1 ) th e l e v e l an d d is t r ib u t io n o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t io n ,
and (2 ) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t io n a l c a t e g o r y a nd s k ill le v e l.
T h e p r o g r a m d e v e lo p s in fo r m a t io n th a t m a y b e u s e d f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s ,
in clu d in g w a g e and s a la r y a d m in is t r a t io n , c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g , and a s ­
s is t a n c e in d e t e r m in in g p la n t lo c a t io n .
S u r v e y r e s u l t s a l s o a r e u s e d b y the
U .S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r to m a k e w a g e d e t e r m in a t io n s u n d e r the S e r v ic e
C o n tr a c t A c t o f 1965.

T he B - s e r i e s ta b le s p r e s e n t in fo r m a t io n on m in im u m e n t r a n c e
s a l a r i e s f o r in e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts a n d c l e r k s ; l a t e - s h i f t p a y p r o v i s i o n s and
p r a c t i c e s f o r p r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s in m a n u fa c tu r in g ; an d data
s e p a r a t e ly f o r p r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s an d o f f i c e w o r k e r s on s c h e d ­
u le d w e e k ly h o u rs and d a ys o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s ; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a ­
tio n s ; h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s ; and m o r e d e t a ile d in fo r m a t io n
on lif e in s u r a n c e p la n s.

A -s e r ie s

A p p e n d ix A d e s c r i b e s th e m e t h o d s and c o n c e p t s u s e d in th e a r e a
w age su rv e y p r o g r a m .
It p r o v id e s in fo r m a t io n on the s c o p e o f th e a r e a
s u r v e y , th e a r e a 's in d u s t r ia l c o m p o s i t i o n in m a n u fa c t u r in g , and l a b o r m anagem ent agreem en t co v e ra g e .

t a b le s

T a b le s A - l th ro u g h A - 6 p r o v id e e s t im a t e s o f s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly
o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r w o r k e r s in o c c u p a t io n s c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f
m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s .
F o r th e 31 l a r g e s t s u r v e y
a r e a s , ta b le s A - 8 th r o u g h A - 1 3 p r o v id e s i m i l a r data f o r e s t a b lis h m e n t s
e m p lo y in g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e .




A p p e n d ix e s

A p p e n d ix B p r o v id e s jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s
o m is t s t o c l a s s i f y w o r k e r s b y o c c u p a t io n .

u sed by B u reau

fie ld

econ ­

A. Earnings
Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in York, Pa., February 1978
™"™Weekly^arnin^^^"
(standard)
Occupation and indu str y d iv is io n

nber
jf
kers

(standard)

N u m b er of w o r k e r s rec eiving s t ra ig ht -t im e we ekly earnings of—
s

*

Average
weekly
Mean2

Median 2

Middle range 2

s

*

S

$

*

$

%

s

s

%

$

$

s

S

S

*

*

S

%

100

110

120

13 0

14 0

15 0

160

170

180

19 0

200

210

220

23 0

25 0

270

290

31 0

33 0

350

100

110

120

130

140

15 0

16 0

17 0

18 0

190

200

21 0

220

23 0

25 0

27 0

290

310

33 0

350

370

5
~
5
~

17
1
16
“

29
9
20

35
19
16
~

52
38
14
1

48
34
14
2

55
39
16
1

67
43
24
1

54
31
23

26
23
3
-

25
23
2
1

39
37
2
2

43
34
9
8

16
15
1
1

24
14
10
6

12
11
1
1

7
5
2
2

-

1
1
-

3

3

13

-

2

-

1

3
3
-

4
4
-

_
-

_
-

-

-

_

90
and
under

ALL W O R K E R S
559
377
18 2
26

40 .0
40 .0
39 .5
39 .5

$
19 1.50
20 0.00
17 3.50
24 1.00

$
184.00
193.00
17 1.00
244.00

$
$
16 0.00 -2 21.5 0
1 6 5 .00 -2 28.0 0
1 4 0 .00 -1 90.5 0
22 6.5 0 -2 7 6 .0 0

2
2

2

C L A S S A ---------------

31

40 .0

2 4 8.50

270.00

2 0 9 .0 0 -2 7 1 .5 0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

3

1

3

-

-

S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S B --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

10 3
75
28

40 .0
40 .0
39 .5

21 4.00
22 2.50
19 2.00

204.50
223.00
19 1.00

1 9 1 .00 -2 40.0 0
2 0 0 .0 0 -2 4 0 .0 0
17 2.0 0 -1 9 5 .0 0

-

-

-

-

-

2
2
“

5
4
i

8
3
5

7
1
6

3
2
1

15
5
10

15
15
-

4
4

22
18
4

4
4

-

8
8
-

-

3
2
1

S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S C --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

206
118

40 .0
40 .0

1 8 9.00
2 0 0.50

183.00
186.50

1 6 2 .5 0 -1 9 9 .0 0
1 7 5 .0 0 -2 2 6 .0 0

-

-

1

8
1

11
3

10
1

17
7

17
11

24
15

46
30

21
8

2
2

7
7

5
5

13
12

8
7

6
i

9
8

i

S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S 0 --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

140
107
33

40 .0
40 .0
4 0 .0

17 6.00
18 2.50
154.00

160.00
17 1.00
14 4.50

1 4 7 .50 -2 12.0 0
15 2.5 0 -2 1 8 .5 0
13 1.50 -1 60.0 0

-

7

20
13
7

23
20
3

16
13
3

9
8
1

5
3
2

6
6
~

3
3
“

10
9
1

25
23
2

2
1
1

1
1
~

i
i
“

_
~

_
-

7

12
6
6

S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S E --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

78
58

3 9 .5
40 .0

171.00
183.00

172.50
176.50

1 5 1 .00 -1 93.0 0
1 6 5 .00 -1 95.0 0

2

6

3
3

7
7

7
7

13
13

10
7

11
11

3
3

3
3

1
1

3
2

-

i
i

-

-

-

-

S T E N O G R A P H E R S -------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------

14 0
84
56
30

40 .0
40 .0
3 9 .5
40 .0

17 3.50
165.00
186.50
21 9.50

164.00
16 1.00
17 2.50
204.50

-

-

S T E N O G R A P H E R S . G E N E R A L -----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

66
32
34

3 9 .5
4 0 .0
3 9 .5

16 9.50
16 0.00
178.00

STENOGRAPHERS.
MANUFACTURING

74
52

4 0 .0
40 .0

T Y P I S T S ---------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

168
141

T Y P I S T S . C L A S S A -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

S E C R E T A R I E S ----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------SECRETARIES.

2

-

~
-

_
-

-

-

-

-

2
-

2

4

1 4 7 .00 -1 96.0 0
1 4 6 .50 -1 80.5 0
1 4 9 .50 -2 04.5 0
2 0 4.50 -2 42.5 0

~

-

-

3
3

21
13
8

16
10
6
“

20
13
7
2

23
16
7
1

9
8
1
“

7
7

10
7
3
3

12
1
11
11

3
2
1
1

4
3
1
1

5
5
5

3
1
2
2

4
4
4

-

-

“

”

161.50
16 1.50
159.50

1 4 1 .50 -1 95.0 0
1 4 8 .00 -1 73.0 0
1 4 0 .00 -2 04.5 0

~
“

-

-

1
1
~

12
4
8

ii
5
6

8
5
3

9
8
1

4
4
~

2
2
“

4
2
2

10

-

-

-

-

-

-

'

“

3
3

-

10

2
1
1

”

“

17 7.00
167.50

166.00
16 1.00

15 2.5 0 -1 9 6 .0 0
1 4 5 .50 -1 86.0 0

-

-

-

2
2

9
9

5
5

12
8

14
8

5
4

5
5

6
5

2
1

1
1

4
3

5

3
1

1

-

-

-

-

40 .0
40 .0

14 4.00
14 4.00

139.00
13 6.00

1 2 6 .0 0 -1 5 5 .5 0
1 2 6 .00 -1 50.0 0

-

4
3

6
1

52
51

25
20

31
29

17
14

16
6

4
4

3
3

7
7

-

-

-

_

-

3
3

-

-

-

-

“

“

49
47

40 .0
40 .0

149.50
15 0.50

14 7.50
14 7.50

1 4 0 .50 -1 59.0 0
1 4 0 .50 -1 59.0 0

-

_

-

1
1

10
8

18
18

10
10

6
6

2
2

1
1

1
1

T Y P I S T S . C L A S S B -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

119
94

40 .0
40 .0

141.50
14 0.50

128.00
12 8.00

1 2 4 .00 -1 49.0 0
1 2 4 .00 -1 43.0 0

-

4
3

6
1

51
50

15
12

13
11

7
4

10

2
2

2
2

6
6

-

-

~

“

F I L E C L E R K S ----------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

81
58

3 8 .5
3 8 .0

133.50
124.50

125.00
123.50

1 1 4 .00 -1 34.5 0
11 4.00 -1 28.5 0

-

10
9

20
15

23
21

12
8

2
~

1
i

-

6
3

-

-

2
1

-

S E N I O R -----------------------------------

"

-

-

-

-

-

“
5
~

-

-

”

~

~

“

3
3

-

-

-

-

~

“

”

~

-

-

-

-

-

“

“
-

FI L E C L E R K S .

C L A S S B ---------------

30

3 9 .5

149.00

126.50

1 2 3 .00 -1 77.5 0

-

3

3

12

-

1

i

-

4

-

-

1

-

5

-

-

-

-

-

-

FI L E C L E R K S .

C L A S S C ---------------

48

3 8 .0

122.00

119.00

1 1 4 .00 -1 30.5 0

-

7

17

11

12

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

SUITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSM A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

128
97
31

40 .0
40 .0
3 9 .5

147.50
146.00
15 2.00

140.00
140.00
140.00

1 2 9 .00 -1 60.5 0
12 9.0 0 -1 5 7 .5 0
1 3 4.00 -1 77.5 0

-

2

4
2
2

27
26
1

23
17
6

29
21
8

8
7
1

13
11
2

4
3
1

4
3
1

9
4
5

1
1

2
2

-

-

-

1
1

1
1

_

_

_

See footnotes

2

at end of t ab le s .




3

-

-

Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in York, Pa., February 1978 — Continued
Weekly earnings
(standard)
Occupation and industry div ision

Number
of
workers

Nu mb er of w o r k e r s rec eivin g straight- tim e we ekly earnings of —

Average
weekly

s

Mean2

(standard)

Middle range 2

Median 2

S

s

$

$

$

$

$

s

s

S

*

S

%

$
35 0

180

190

200

210

220

230

25 0

270

290

310

330

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

180

190

200

21 0

220

2 30

250

270

290

310

33 0

350

37 0

17
17

11
11

8
8

17
17

2
2

2
2

29
29

9
4

4
4

3
3

1
1

1
1

_
“

“
“

3
3

9
9

3
3

3
3

5
5

~

2
2

21
21

9
9

4
4

3
3

1
1

1
1

-

-

2
2

16
19

8
8

8
8

5
5

12
12

2
2

~

3
3

-

-

-

-

59
18

93
28

55
39

56
36

29
23

10
9

12
9

9
3

5
5

-

110

120

13 0

190

150

160

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

100

11 0

12 0

130

19 0

150

160

170

-

5
5

3
3

3
3

9
7

2
2

19
17

-

-

-

-

2
“

-

5
5

3
3

3
3

7
7

7
3

53
4

72
11

91
6

and
under

$

$

$

s

S

10 0

90

17 0

ALL WORKERS—
CONTINUED

$

$

$

189.00
185.00

178.00
18 2.00

1 5 9.50 -2 25.5 0
1 5 5.00 -2 25.5 0

9 0 .0
40 .0

2 1 0.50
213.50

225.50
225.50

1 7 3 .0 0 -2 2 5 .5 0
1 7 9 .0 0 -2 2 5 .5 0

79
72

90 .0
90 .0

161.50
1 6 2 . OJ

161.00
162.50

19 6.0 0 -1 8 6 *0 0
1 9 2 .0 0 -1 3 6 .0 0

-

ACCOUNTING CLERKS ---------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------n on m a n uf a ct u rin g :
PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------------

97 0
20 9

90 .0
4 0 .0

1 5 5.00
179.00

15 0.00
16 9.00

1 2 7 .0 0 -1 7 2 .5 0
1 5 0 .5 0 -1 8 6 .5 0

2

26

39 .5

177.00

173.00

15 1.5 0 -2 0 8 .5 0

-

-

-

2

4

-

ACCOUNTING CLERKS.- CLASS A —
MANUFACTURING -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------

196
82
69

40 .0
4 0 .0
90 .0

177.00
19 2.50
157.50

179.00
186.50
15 9.00

1 5 1 .5 0 -1 8 7 .5 0
1 7 3 .0 0 -2 0 3 .5 0
19 1.5 0 -1 7 2 .0 0

_

-

2

8

-

-

8
2
6

11
1
10

9 0 .0

ORDER CLERKS. CLASS A -------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

61
59

ORDER CLERKS. CLASS B -------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

o

135
131

O

ORDER CLERKS --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

$

-

-

2

329
127

9 0 .0
90 .0

1 9 5.00
1 6 2.50

19 0.00
160.50

1 2 1 .0 0 -1 6 1 .5 0
1 9 6.50 -1 70.5 0

2

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE
OPERATORS -------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------

35
32

90 .0
40 .0

158.50
1 6 0.50

15 2.00
154.50

14 0.0 0 -1 9 4 .0 0
1 9 0.00 -1 99.0 0

-

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS.
CLASS B ------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------

33
31

40 .0
90 .0

1 5 7.50
159.00

15 2.00
159.50

1 9 0 .0 0 -1 9 9 .0 0
1 9 0 .0 0 -1 9 9 .0 0

“

MACHINE BILLERS -------------------------------------------

26

90 .0

15 3.00

19 3.50

1 3 5.00 -1 99.5 0

-

PAYROLL CLERKS ---------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------

120
96

3 9 .5
90 .0

165.50
1 6 7.00

165.00
165.00

1 3 6 .0 0 -1 8 8 .0 0
1 3 7.50 -1 88.0 0

KEY ENTRY OPERATORS ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

288
176
112

90 .0
90 .0
39 .5

158.50
163.00
15 1.00

19 8.50
150.00
19 2.00

1 2 8 .0 0 -1 6 7 .0 0
1 3 6.00 -1 65.5 0
1 2 3 .5 0 -1 7 0 .0 0

KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A -------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------------

107
68

4 0 .0
90 .0

182.5U
196.50

16 2.00
165.00

15 0.0 0 -1 8 3 .0 0
1 5 2.00 -2 78.0 0

KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS B -------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------

181
108
73

39 .5
90 .0
3 9 .0

1 9 9.00
192.00
19 7.50

13 9.50
19 2.50
13 3.00

12 1.0 0 -1 5 5 .0 0
1 2 9.00 -1 55.0 0
1 1 8 .0 0 -1 5 0 .0 0

ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B —
MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

See footn otes

_
-

-

-

'

8
6

1
1

1
1

-

9
4

3
3

2

4

2

1

1

3

5

-

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

13
4
9

16
10
6

30
16
19

25
19
6

7
7

9
9

3
2
1

5
5

4

-

3
3

-

"

1
1
~

-

2

1
i

3

6
i

~

4
4

~

-

-

4
4

-

-

“

“

~

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

“

2

51
4

69
9

33
6

98
17

30
29

39
29

26
20

4
4

3
2

“

-

-

5
5

3
1

9
9

3
2

4
4

-

-

10
10

i
1

-

-

-

5
5

2
1

9
9

3
2

4
4

_

_

_

_

-

2

1

8

9

3

-

4
2

5
5

10
8

19
11

8
8

9
3

12
3
9

23
9
14

39
26
13

31
13
18

95
32
13

-

5

9

-

4

8
1

22

23
12

36
28

12

11

8

_

12
3
9

_

34

23
9
19

at end o f t a b le s .




“

7
3

~

_

8

”

4

4

_

_

_

_

_

“

“

“

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

“

“

-

-

~

“

”

~

-

-

“

10
10

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

~

20
18

16
19

6
4

8
8

8
5

3
1

3
3

6
6

-

-

“

"

43
32
11

26
21
5

22
10
12

12
5
7

5
2
3

1
1

2
2

1
1

~
“

-

15
15

~

11
4
7

24
19

16
13

14
7

7
2

1
“

1
1

-

4
9

15
15

-

19
18
i

10

8

5

-

-

3
5

3
2

4
2
2

7

8
2

”

~

'

”

2
2

1
1

-

-

~

“

-

”

~

~

~

7

~

“
“

-

Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in York, Pa., February 1978
Weekly earning^^™
(standard)
Oc cupation and in du str y d iv is io n

mber
of
rkers

N u m b er of w o r k e r s r ec eiv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly ea rn in g s of —

$

Average
weekly
(standard) Mean2

Median 2

Middle range 2

$

s

$

$

1

s

$

$

s

s

$

$

$

$

$

$

s

%

$

$

120

130

140

150

160

170

190

21 0

230

250

270

29 0

310

330

350

370

390

410

430

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

120

130

140

150

160

170

190

21 0

230

250

27 0

290

310

3 30

350

370

390

410

4 30

~

~

3
3

11
9

6
6

4
~

6
6

4
4

2
2

-

~

2
1

6

“

110
and
under

450
and

450 over

ALL W O R K E R S
CO MPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
( B U S I N E S S ) ----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

48
39

$
$
$
$
4 0 . 0 32 8 . 5 0 3 1 7. 00 2 7 9 . 5 0 - 3 5 4 . 0 0
40 . 0 3 3 3 . 0 0 33 6. 00 2 7 9 . 0 0 - 3 7 1 . 0 0

-

COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
( B U S I N E S S ) . C L A S S B ---------------

33

4 0 . 0 32 9 . 5 0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

2

5

5

4

4

6

i

1

-

2

1

C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R S ( B U S I N E S S ) --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

94
56
38

4 0 . 0 2 5 3 . 0 0 23 0. 00
4 0 . 0 27 5 . 0 0 2 5 6. 00
4 0 . 0 22 0 . 5 0 2 1 0. 00

-

-

-

1

1
1

7
4
3

5
4
1

4

4

3
3

~

8
8
~

“

-

3

~

1
1

~

13
7
6

3
3

1

14
8
6

7

~

18
6
12

9
5

~

~

_

-

_

_

_

_

3
2

_

_

COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS).
C L A S S B -----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS).
C L A S S C -----------------------------C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

31 7. 00 2 8 8 . 0 0 - 3 5 3 . 5 0
194.00-292.00
204.00-322.50
184.50-246*50

41
25

40 . 0 25 5 . 5 0 26 0. 00 2 1 5 . 0 0 - 2 9 2 . 0 0
40 . 0 2 5 9 . 5 0 26 9. 00 2 1 7 . 5 0 - 2 9 7 . 0 0

~

~

“

“

35

40 . 0

120
73
47

“

2
2

5
3

4

9
4

2
i

6
3

5
4

6
3

3
3

2
2

4

"
_

"

_

~

3
3

i
1

_

_

“

”

18 8.00

181.00-215.00

-

-

-

-

1

1

16

7

4

5

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

39 .5 19 9. 00 180.50
39 .5 2 1 7 . 5 0 20 3. 00
39 . 0 17 0 . 0 0 163.00

160.50-214.50
168.50-221.00
147.00-190.00

2
~
2

2

6

28
16
12

17
8
9

15
10
5

19
14
5

3
1
2

_
-

2
2

_
-

_
-

_
-

9
9

-

-

_
-

_
-

5

6
4
2

5
5

2

6
3
3

1

-

2

-

-

-

9

-

-

-

-

10
1
9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

19 9 . 0 0

i

C O MP UT ER OPERATORS.

CLASS

A ------

30

4 0 . 0 26 6 . 5 0

223.00

205.00-383.00

-

-

-

-

-

-

5

4

7

2

COMPUTER OPERATORS.

C L A S S B ------

45

39 .5

181.00

160.00-205.50

-

-

2

5

2

12

5

10

8

1

C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S C -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------

45
27

39 . 0 1 7 2. 00 16 8. 50 1 5 8 . 0 0 - 1 7 7 . 5 0
39 .0 18 5. 00 16 9. 00 1 6 5 . 0 0 - 2 1 2 . 5 0

2

2

1
1

4
3

16
10

7
4

-

4
4

-

~

4
1

1

-

4
4

D R A F T E R S --------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

375
301
74

40 . 0 2 3 1 . 0 0 23 0. 00 2 0 0 . 0 0 - 2 6 1 . 0 0
4 0 . 0 2 2 7 . 5 0 23 0. 00 2 0 4 . 0 0 - 2 5 5 . 0 0
40 . 0 2 4 6 . 0 0 2 4 0. 00 1 8 7 . 0 0 - 3 2 6 . 5 0

-

3
3

-

4

38
29
9

40
31
9

67
62
5

72
66
6

42
36
6

38
31
7

14
14

-

12
10
2

9
5

-

14
10
4

”

16
3
13

D R A F T E R S . C L A S S A ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

73
64

40 . 0 2 8 0 . 0 0 27 7. 00
40 . 0 2 7 0 . 0 0 273.00

255.00-291.50
255.00-285.50

-

-

-

*

-

-

-

-

8
8

13
13

26
26

12
12

2
2

9
-

-

-

“

3
3

”

“

D R A F T E R S . C L A S S B ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

205
165
40

40 . 0 23 5 . 5 0 23 3. 50 2 1 6 . 5 0 - 2 5 0 * 0 0
4 0 . 0 23 1 . 0 0 23 0. 00 2 1 6 . 5 0 - 2 4 5 . 0 0
4 0 . 0 2 5 5 . 5 0 24 5. 00 2 1 2 . 5 0 - 3 2 6 . 5 0

“

-

-

-

-

2
2
-

12
11
1

30
21
9

49
44
5

61
55
6

29
23
6

5
5
~

2
2
-

14
1
13

1
1
-

-

-

D R A F T E R S . C L A S S C ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

88
63

40.0
40 . 0

1 8 9. 00 17 8. 00
18 7 . 5 0 184.00

160.00-214.00
163.50-214.00

-

-

-

8
4

12
10

7
3

26
18

10
10

15
15

3
3

-

7

_

-

_

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

T E C H N I C I A N S --------------

32

4 0 . 0 3 3 7 . 0 0 35 1. 00

304.50-364.50

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

-

1

4

5

2

-

11

-

2

5

-

-

R E G I S T E R E D I N D U S T R I A L N U R S E S ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------

28
26

4 0 . 0 2 4 6 . 0 0 22 7. 00 2 1 4 . 0 0 - 2 9 2 . 5 0
4 0 . 0 2 4 5 . 5 0 22 7. 00 2 1 5 . 5 0 - 2 8 3 . 5 0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6
6

9
8

3
3

2
2

_

3
2

5
5

-

_

-

_

_

_

_

ELECTRONICS

18 0 . 5 3

See footnotes at end of t abl es.




5

“

“

_

”

Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex
in York, Pa., February 1978
Averaee
(mean2)

OF F I C E O C C U P A T I O N S UO ME N— CONTINUED

199.00

546
365
181
26

40.0 188.50
4 0 . 0 19 6 . 0 0
3 9 . 5 17 3 . 5 0
39.5 241.00
40.0 246.50
40.0 211.00
40.0 218.50
39.5 192.00

SECRETARIES. CLASS C M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------

198
110

40.0 184.50
40 .0 193.00

SECRETARIES. CLASS D M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----

140
107
33

40.0
40.0
40.0

SECRETARIES. CLASS E M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------

78
58

39 . 5 1 7 1 . 0 0
40 .0 183.00

S T E N O G R A P H E R S -----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----PUBLIC UTILITIES —

139
84
55
29

40.0 172.50
40 .0 165.00
39 .5 18 4 . 5 0
40.0 217.50

17 6 . 0 0
182.50
154.00

65
32
33

39.5
40.0
39.5

167.50
160.00
17 4 . 5 0

STENOGRAPHERS.
MANUFACTURING

SE NI OR
---------

74
52

40.0
40.0

17 7 . 0 0
16 7 . 5 0

T Y P I S T S -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------

163
137

40.0
40.0

14 1 . 0 0
140.50

48
46

40.0
40.0

149.00
15 0 . 0 0

CLASS

manufacturing

A --------------

See footnotes at end of tables.




14 9 . 0 0

FI L E C L E R K S .

C L A S S B ---------------

39 .5

FI LE C L E R K S .

C L A S S C ---------------

38 . 0 1 2 2 . 0 0

S U I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I ST S N A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------

127
96
31

40 . 0 14 6. 50
40 . 0 14 4 . 5 0
39 . 5 15 2. 00

OR DE R C L E R K S --------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

108

40 . 0 17 4. 00
4 0 . 0 17 5 . 5 0

104

OR D E R C L E R K S . CL A S S A ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------O R D E R C L E R K S . C L A S S B ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

40 . 0 15 6 . 5 0
40 . 0 15 7 . 0 0

20 0 . 5 0
204.00

4 34
175

A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S A ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------

118
56

4 0 . 0 16 8 . 0 0
4 0 . 0 18 1 . 5 0
40 . 0 15 6. 00

316
119

A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S B ------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

4 0 . 0 14 9 . 5 0
40 . 0 16 5. 00

BO OKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS.
C L A S S B — '--------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

(B US IN ES S) -----MANUFACTURING
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
( B U S I N E S S ) . C L A S S B -----COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS)
N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R S (B U S I N E S S ) i
CL A S S B ----------------------------

39.5
40.0
39.0

142.50
142.00
144.00

47
38

40.0
40.0

330.00
335.00

33

40.0

329.50

68

31

40.0
40.0

237.50
226.00

38

254.00
187.50

341
278

40.0
40.0

236.00
230.50

DRAFTERS. CL AS S A
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---

73
64

40.0
40.0

280.00
270.00

DRAFTERS. CLAS S B
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---

193
156

40.0
40.0

237.00
231.50

DRAFTERS. CL AS S C
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---

70
53

40.0
40.0

194.00
188.00

32

40.0

337.00

58

39.0

180.50

25

39.5

184.50

53

D R A F T E R S --------MANUFACTURING

14 2 . 5 0
157.00
15 8. 50
16 0 . 5 0

40 . 0 15 7 . 5 0
40 . 0 15 9. 00

ELECTRONICS

TECHNICIANS

P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L
O C C U P A T I O N S - WO M E N
C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R S ---------------

P A Y R O L L C L E R K S ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

179
108
71

40 . 0 1 7 6 . 5 0

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE
O P E R A T O R S ---M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

B I L L E R S ------------------------

11 0

148.50
148.00
149.00

P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L
O C C U P A T I O N S - ME N

COMPUTER OPERATORS
A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------nonmanufacturing:
P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------

MACHINE
TYPISTS.

13 3 . 5 0
12 4 . 5 0

o o
o o

ST ENOGRAPHERS. GENERAL
M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----

38 .5
38 . 0

KEY EN TR Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S B —
M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------

40.0
40.0
39.5

267
157

o

29
100
72
28

13 7. 50
13 6. 00

M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N ^ ----------------

o

CLASS A -

SECRETARIES. CLASS B M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----

SECRETARIES.

40.0
40.0

T Y P I S T S . C L A S S B -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------F I L E C L E R K S ----------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

O F F I C E O C C U P A T I O N S - UO M E N
S E C R E T A R I E S --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----PUBLIC UTILITIES —

TYPISTS - CONTINUED

o

40.0

Weekly
Weekly
earnings*
hours
(standard) (standard)

•P
O

25

Sex, 3 occupation, and indu str y di vis ion

Number
of
workers

OFFICE OC C U P A T I O N S NOHEN— CONTINUED

o o

CLASS A —

$
40.0 222.50
40.0 222.50

Weekly
Weekly
hours1 earnings*
(standard) (standard)

■P -P
o o

CLERKS.

27
27

of

workers

O C C U P A T I O N S - ME N

OR D E R C L E R K S -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------ACCOUNTING

Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division

«P -P

OFFICE

Weekly
Weekly
hours1
earnings*
(standard) (standard)

Average
(mean2)

Average
(mean2)

Number

o o
o o

Sex, 3 occupation, and in dustry d ivi sio n

Number
of
workers

26
116

40 . 0 1 5 3 . 0 0
39 .5
40 . 0

16 4. 00
1 6 5. 00

COMPUTER OPERATORS.

CLASS B -

COMPUTER OPERATORS.

CLASS C -

31

38 . 5

172.00

34

40.0

181.00

Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in York, Pa., February 1978
Hourly earnings *
Occupation and industry division

workers

Mean2 Median*

Nu mb er of w o r k e r s rec eivin g st ra ig h t -t i m e hourly earnings of—

Middle range 2

s

$

*

s

3.50

3.60

3.70

3. 80

ALL

s
%
%
S
*
%
$
$
S
5. 60 6 .00 6 .40 6. 80 7.20 7. 60 8.00 8. 40 8.80 9.20

%

5.40

and
under

3.60

3.70 3.80

3. 90 4 . 0 0 4. 20

4. 40 4 .60 4. 8 ° 5. 0 0 5 . 2 0 5.40

5.60 6. 0 0 6 .40 6 .80 7. 20

7.60

8. 00 8.40 8. 8 0 9.20 9.60

WORKERS
s

26

$
6. 38

$

C A R P E N T E R S ---------------

6.04

5.35- 6.83

~

"

M A I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N S -----------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------

207
194

7. 1 5
7.01

6.74
6.66

6. 3 4 6.32-

7.41
7.32

-

_

M A I N T E N A N C E M A C H I N I S T S --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------

150
131

6. 78
6. 4 0

6.74
6.53

6. 17 - 7.07
6.17- 6.85

-

MAINTENANCE ME CH AN IC S (MACHINERY) M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------

520
504

6. 1 2
6. 05

5.89
5.89

5.03- 6.49
5.03- 6.41

“

~

MAINTENANCE MECHANICS
(M O T O R V E H I C L E S ) --------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------

232
59
173
113

6. 97
5.97
7.31
8. 1 0

6. 90
5.26
7.58
8.51

5. 60 5.035.907.58-

8.65
6.49
8.65
8.65

5

_

M A I N T E N A N C E P I P E F I T T E R S -------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

79
69

7. 46
7.19

6.61
6.38

6. 38 5.96-

9.07
9.07

M I L L W R I G H T S ----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

74
74

7.71
7.71

6.74
6.74

6. 56 - 9.07
6. 5 6 - 9.07

M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R S ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

133
102

5. 09
5. 10

4.77
4.80

4.4 5- 5.46
4.6 5- 5.46

MA CHINE-TOOL OP ER AT OR S (TOOLROOM) M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

103
103

7. 30
7. 30

6.81
6.81

TO O L AN D DIE M A K E R S ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

243
241

7.39
7. 39

S T A T I O N A R Y E N G I N E E R S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

26
26

B O I L E R T E N D E R S ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------

78
78

MAINTENANCE

s
$
s
S
S
*
*
*
3. 9 0 4. 00 4. 2 0 4. 40 4.6 0 4 . 8 0 5 . 0 0 5. 20

$

1

4

2

4

1

5

2

1

1

5
5

5
5

3

33
33

48
48

22
22

25
25

_

3

12
12

2
2

6
6

11
11

6
6

2
2

31
31

22
22

34
34

15
15

-

2

~

30
30

28
28

46
46

5

48
48

88
88

89
88

48
48

34
34

9

1
1

3

11
10
1
1

12
8
4
1

10
9
1
~

11
6

28
1
27
”

14
6
8

13

10
~
10

21

3

3

8
-

18
18

17
17

10
10

18
18

20
20

“

7
7

_

_

5

6. 30 - 8.66
6. 3 0 - 8.66

8
8

41
41

2
2

2

7.24
7.24

6. 81 6.81-

7.83
7.83

1

17
17

7.81
7. 81

7.71
7.71

6. 83 6. 83 -

9.07
9.07

1
1

4. 9 0
4. 9 0

4.54
4. 54

3.9 7- 5.70
3.9 7- 5.70

8
8

-

2
-

-

*

-

-

-

-

_
-

-

~

_
~

5

1

_

-

-

-

1
1

-

~

~

1
1
1

“

1
1

2
2

_

1

32
32

S e e footn otes at e n d o f t a b l e s .




-

7

-

5
5

_

_

-

-

~

21
21

-

~

4
i

-

4
4

-

4
4

-

31
31
1
1
1

3
”

7
1

8
8

-

33

6

5

24

3

5

-

-

-

5

18
18

-

5

1

8
8

16
16

11

5

9

3

-

2

3
3

_

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

_

2

14
14

28
20
17
-

-

-

-

-

7
4

12
“

2

1
1

73
1
72
72

15
6
9
9

~

_

24

-

22

8
-

-

“

18
18

1
6
1

2
2

2

37
37

_
-

5
5

31
31

_

-

_

_

6
3

4

_

_

4

-

-

i
i

15
15

28
28

2
2

_

2

4
4

41
41

59
59

40
40

26
25

41
41

5
5

1
1

12
12

4
4

-

4
4

4
4

_

1
1

1
1

11
11

_

4

8
8

_

-

_

-

_

_

_

4

-

-

~

-

Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in York, Pa., February 1978
Hourly earnings 4
Occupation and industry division

Nu mb er of w o r k e r s receiving s t r a ig h t -t i m e hourly earning s of—
$
2.60

workers

Mein 2 Median2

Middle range *

*

s

i
4 .0 0

s
4 .2 0

$
5.2 0

$
5 .6 0

S
6 .0 0

S
6.4 0

i
6 .8 0

7.2 0

S
7.6 0

s

4 .4 0

%
$
4 .6 0 4.8 0

i

3 .2 0

s
3 .8 0

s

2 .9 0

S
*
3 .4 0 3 .6 0

*

2 .8 0

S
3 .0 0

*

2 .7 0

8 . 00

8.4 0

2 .8 0

2 .9 0

3.0 0

3 .2 0

3 .4 0

3 .6 0

3 .8 0

4.0 0

4 .2 0

4.4 0

4.6 0

4 .8 0 5.2 0

5.6 0

6 .0 0

6.4 0

6.8 0

7 .2 0

7.6 0

8.0 0

8 . 40

8.8 0

-

1
1
~

8
2
6

4
2
2

8
5
3

12
1
11

28
24
4

28
20
8

22
5
17

48
34
14

72
59
13

56
53
3

260
35
22 5

5
1
4

5
2
3
1

“

-

“

248
”
248
24 8

3

”

-

-

”

3

”

*

-

~

-

-

-

“

-

-

and
under
2 .7 0

ALL UIORKERS
TRUCKDRIVERS ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------NONHANUFACTURING ------------------------PUBLIC UTILI TIE S ---------------------

861
28 0
581
249

$
6.1 5
4 .8 8
6.7 6
8.5 9

$
5 .8 2
4 .9 0
5 .9 2
8 .5 1

$
4 .8 0 4 .4 4 5 .8 2 8 .5 1 -

$
8 .5 1
5 .5 7
8.51
8 .7 1

-

-

_

-

TRUCKDRIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK —
MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------

92
59
33

4 .5 1
4.5 1
4.5 2

4 .2 5
4 .1 4
4 .5 7

3 .9 7 3 .9 7 4 .0 0 -

4 .8 9
5 .3 3
4.7 5

-

-

TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK ------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------

169
52
117

4.8 8
4.7 1
4.9 6

4.9 2
4 .9 0
4.9 3

4 .3 2 4 .1 0 4 .3 2 -

5 .6 4
4 .9 5
5 .6 4

-

-

TRUCKDRIVERS. TRACTOR-TRAILER
MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------PUBLIC U TI LI TIE S ---------------------

47 2
113
359
180

6.7 4
5 . 25
7.2 0
8.5 7

5 .9 2
5 .4 1
8.51
8.51

5 .8 2 4 .9 2 5 .8 6 8 .5 1 -

8.51
5 .5 7
8.5 1
8 .7 1

SHIPPERS --------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

204
197

6.0 0
6 .0 2

5 .7 7
5.8 0

4 .5 2 4 .5 0 -

7.6 6
7 .6 6

_

RECEIVERS ------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------

126
69
57

4.9 9
5.3 2
4.5 8

5 .2 7
5 .6 7
5 .2 7

4 .3 5 4 .7 4 3 .1 5 -

5 .7 0
5 .7 0
5 .2 7

SHIPPERS AND RECEIVERS ------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

88
81

4.9 8
4.9 5

4 .6 8
4 .6 8

4 .3 1 4 .3 1 -

WAREHOUSEMEN -----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------

227
160
67

5.4 2
5.4 7
5 .3 0

5.27
5 .9 3
5.27

ORDER FILLERS ---------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

49 6
30 2

5.0 8
5.3 8

SHIPPING PACKERS --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

23 2
209

MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS ---------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONHANUFACTURING -------------------------PUBLIC UTILI TIE S --------------------FORKLIFT OPERATORS ---------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------PUBLIC U TI LI TIE S --------------------POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS
(OTHER THAN FORKLIFT!

-------------------

GUARDS -------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------

See f o o t n o t e s

at

-

-

1
1
-

-

_

-

-

-

_

4
2
2
3
3

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1
4

_
_
-

1
1

-

12
8
4

6
6

2
2

18
8
10

4
2
2

3
2
1

14
14
“

-

7
4
3

12
8
4

10

12
12

17
11
6

31
22
9

-

3

-

59
5
54

_

_

3
2
1

1
1

49
49
-

18 0
9
171

1
1

20
20

5
2
3

10
10

_

-

10

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

12
12

3
3

3
3

14
14

13
13

1
1

6
6

9
9

6
5

15
15

32
26

1
1

8
6
2

_
-

2
2
-

2
1
1

1
1
-

2
2
-

3
2
1

4
3
1

7
7

28
23
5

-

-

38
7
31

2
2

4

~

”

i
i

5
5

7
6

_

1
1

4
4

9
9

14
14

8
8

17
17

2
2

-

2
2

-

4

-

“

"

5

4
2
2

10
10
-

3
3
-

7
7
-

4
i
3

_

1
1
-

1

46
42
4

44
12
32

28
23
5

60
59
1

1

-

1

22
22

64
15

15
15

13
13

129
25

28
28

-

-

-

-

20
20

“

“

“

-

6
6

15
15

45
45

51
51

12
12

10
10

16
16

-

-

-

1
1

2
2

1
1

52
52

9
9

1
1
1

-

-

-

60
32
28
-

17
17

-

75
62
13
-

-

-

122
10 5
17

130
130

76
45
31

10
10

-

-

-

4

18

16

-

7
7

-

-

-

-

-

1
1

8
1
7

2
~
2

3
2
1

5.01
5.01

2
“

-

_

-

-

“

5 .1 0 5 .1 6 5 .0 0 -

6.3 2
6 .3 2
5.27

1

1
1

1
1

1
1

5.3 9
5 .3 1

4 .0 0 3 .9 8 -

5 .7 5
7 .3 9

12
2

11
5

8
6

10
-

26
15

15
13

16
16

3
3

4.5 2
4 .6 9

4 .7 7
4 .7 7

3 .1 4 4 .4 0 -

5 .0 0
5 .1 7

1
1

5
3

8
5

11
10

38
23

2
2

3
1

1
1

632
340
29 2
225

6.3 6
5.3 3
7.5 6
8.4 6

7.3 4
4.8 3
8.4 2
8 .5 1

4 .8 2 4 .4 7 8 .4 2 8 .4 2 -

8 .4 2
7 .3 9
8.51
8 .5 1

12
12
-

6
5
1

4
4

-

-

-

6
2
4
-

-

-

16
10
6
-

2
1
1

-

19
10
9
-

7
6
1

-

15
11
4
-

-

-

-

-

-

789
680
109
61

5.4 3
5.1 5
7.1 8
8 .5 1

5.2 3
4.9 4
8 .5 1
8.5 1

4 .1 4 4 .1 4 5 .6 9 8 .5 1 -

5 .7 5
5 .6 0
8 .5 1
8.5 1

-

_
-

-

_
-

36
36

_
-

24
24

38
38

7
7

10 2
10 2

49
49

8
8

3
3

43

5.6 5

5.4 2

5 .4 2 -

5 .7 3

137
131

4.6 5
4.7 0

4.2 0
4 .4 0

3 .7 8 3 .7 9 -

4 .9 0
4 .9 0

-

5

-

-

1
2
2

2
2

-

-

-

_

_

2
2
-

35
33
2
-

-

_

1
1
"

20
16
4

-

1

3

5
2

8

8
8

2
2

17
17

11
11

20
17

2
2

_

16
16

1

12
12

14
14

-

1
1

“
“

“

i
i

end o f t a b l e s .




3
1
2

55
35
20

-

”

“

-

180
“
18 0
180

“

”
“

-

1

5
5

83
83

-

10
10

-

-

”

-

-

"

"

1

-

“

“

-

12
12

1

1

1

6

1

1

1

6

10 4
104

-

-

-

7
7

-

-

-

104
10 4

-

-

224

“

“

-

121
121

2
2

-

-

4

-

-

i

"

~

_

224
224

-

-

61

-

-

-

18
18

-

-

-

i

“
61
61

Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in York, Pa., February 1978— Continued
Hourly earnings 4
Occupation and industry division

Number
of
workers

Nu mb er of w o r k e r s receiving st ra ig h t -t i m e hourly earning s of—
s
2.6 0

Mean 2 Median*

Middle range 2

$
2 .7 0

S
2.9 0

T
3 .0 0

4

i

2 .8 0

3.20

3.4 0

3 .6 0

2 .8 0

2 .9 0

3 .0 0

3 .2 0

3.4 0

3.6 0

8
8

2

%

*
3.8 0

i

4.0 0

4
4.2 0

i
4.4 0

;
4.6 0

$
4 .80

$
5 .2 0

4 .0 0

4.2 0

4 .4 0

4 .6 0

4.8 0

5 ,20

5.60

8

19
16

16
16

12
12

24
19
5

17
13
4

5
3
2

13
12
1

S
5.6 0

$
6.0 0

s
6 .4 0

4
6 . 80

4
7.2 0

4
7 .6 0

$
8 .0 0

4

6.4 0

6 .8 0

7.2 0

7.6 0

8 .0 0

8 .4 0

8 .8 0

_

1

-

-

22
22

-

1
1

8 .4 0

and
under
■O

O
o

o
CO

2 .7 0

ALL W O R K E R S —
CONTINUED
GUARDS -

CONTINUED
$
101
95

J A N I T O R S . P O R T E R S . AN D C L E A N E R S -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------

See footnotes

54 5
319
226
28

$
*

4.0 3
4.6 3
3.1 8
4.7 8

$

$
*

3.82
4.7 9
2.75
4.60

2 .8 5 3 .7 1 2 .6 5 4 .2 0 -

' OJ
4.9 9
5.3 2
3.45
5.2 6

106
6
100

22
7
15

15
6
9

5
3
2

32
3
29

at end of t ab le s.




9

27
16
11

28
14
14
3

34
29
5
1

46
31
15
10

14
62
58
4
4

75
67
8
8

10
10
-

-

_

_

_

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1




Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom,
powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers,
by sex, in York, Pa., February 1978
Se x, 3 occupation, and in dustry div ision

Number
of
workers

Average
(mean2 )
hourly
earnings4

Sex,

occupation, and industry division

Average
Number (mean2)
of
hourly
workers earnings 4

M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T AN O C U S T O D I A L
O C C U P A T I O N S - ME N — C O N T I N U E D

M A I N T E N A N C E . T O O L R O O M . AND
P O U E R P L A N T O C C U P A T I O N S - ME N
$

MAINTENANCE

C A R P E N T E R S ----------

25

6.2 7

M A I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N S --------

174

6 .7 5

M A I N T E N A N C E M A C H I N I S T S ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------

150
131

6.7 8

6.40

MA INTENANCE ME CH AN IC S (MACHINERY! M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------

A 77
461

5.8 3
5 .7 4

MAINTENANCE MECHANICS
( M O T O R V E H I C L E S ! -------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------

22 4
51
173
113

6 .9 0
5 .5 0
7 .3 1
8.10

M A I N T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R S -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------

126
95

4 .9 5
4.9 2

T O O L AN D DIE M A K E R S ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------

230
22 8

7.2 7
7.2 7

B O I L E R T E N D E R S -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------

78
78

4.9 0
4.9 0

76
53

$
4 .7 7
5 .1 2

W A R E H O U S E M E N ------MANUFACTURING —
NONMANUFACTURING

223
156
67

5 .4 2
5 .4 8
5 .3 0

SHIPPING PACKERS
MANUFACTURING

137
13 3

4 .9 0
4 .9 5

MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS
N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----

523
28 7
22 5

6 .1 7
7 .6 0
8 .4 6

F O R K L I F T O P E R A T O R S --------N O N M A N U F A TU RI NG -------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----

6 28
108
61

5 .0 9
7.IT0
8 .5 1

R E C E I V E R S -------MANUFACTURING

POWER-TRUCK OPERATORS
(O T H E R T H A N F O R K L I F T !

37

5.4 7

11 5
109

4 .1 4
4.1 7

G U A R D S . C L A S S B ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------

99
93

4 .2 0
4 .2 4

357
205
15 2

3.9 7
4 .5 2
3 .2 2

88
69

3 70
3 . 91

16 6
74

3 . 73
3 . 10

M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T AN D C U S T O D I A L
O C C U P A T I O N S - ME N
T R U C K D R I V E R S -------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------

860
27 9
581
249

6.1 4
4.8 7
6.7 6
8 .5 9

92
59
33

4.5 1
4.5 1
4.5 2

T R U C K D R I V E R S . H E A V Y TR U C K
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------N O N H A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------

169
52
117

4 .8 8
4.7 1
4.9 6

T R U C K D R I V E R S . T R A C T O R - T R A I L E R --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------

47 2
113
359
180

6.7 4
5.2 5
7.2 0
8.5 7

TRUC KD RI VE RS . MEDIUM TRUCK
M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------

----

G U A R D S -----------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------

J A N I T O R S . P O R T E R S . AND C L E A N E R S --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------

M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T AND C U S T O D I A L
O C C U P A T I O N S - WO M E N
SHIPPING PACKERS
MANUFACTURING
J A N I T O R S . P O R T E R S . AND C L E A N E R S --NONMANUFACTURING

See footnotes at end of t a b l e s.

10

.

Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for employment shifts,
for selected occupational groups in York, Pa., for selected periods
February 1977
to
February 1978

February 1972
to
February 1973

February 1973
to
February 1974

February 1974
to
February 1975

February 1975
to
February 1976

February 1976
to
February 1977

A ll industries:
Office c le r ic a l_________________________________________
E lectronic data processing_________________________
Industrial nu rses______________________________________
Skilled maintenance trades__________________ _____
Unskilled plant w orkers. __________________________

4.9
(6)
5.8
7.1
6.6

5.1
(6)
7.0
5.5
6.0

9.6
(6 )
5.1
10.5
9.4

7.5
(6 )
9.7
8.8
8.5

6.8
(6 )
8.0
8.4
7.5

8.8
(6 )
8.0
7.5
8.2

Manufacturing:
Office c le r ic a l_________________________________________
E lectronic data processing_____________________ . .
Industrial nu rses__________________________ ________
Skilled maintenance trades. ________________________
Unskilled plant w orkers______________________________

5.3
(6 )
5.8
6.3
6.0

5.5
( 6)
7.0
5.6
6.3

9.5

7.1

6.4

9.4

(‘ )
( 6)
11.3
9.7

( 6)
(6 )
8.7
9.0

( !)
(6 )
8.3
7.0

( !)
(6 )
7.5
7.6

Nonmanufacturing:
Office c le r ic a l_______________________________________
E lectronic data processing. ________________________
Industrial nu rses_______________ — _________________
Unskilled plant w orkers__ ____________ ____________

(6)
( )
(6 )
7.6

(‘ )
(6)
(6)
5.8

( !)
(6 )
(6)
8.9

(‘ )
( )
(6)
7.6

( !)
( 6)
( 6)
8.4

( !)
(6 )
(6)
8.8

Industry and occupational group 5




See footnotes at end of tables.

A revised description for computer operators is being introduced in this area in
1978.
The revised description is not considered equivalent to the previous description.
Therefore, the earnings of computer operators are not used in computing percent increases
for the electronic data processing group.

11

B. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions
Table B-1. Minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks in York, Pa., February 1978
Inexperienced typists

Other i n ex per ien ced c l e r i c a l w or k er s 8

Manufacturing

Minimum weekly straight-tim e s a la r y 7

B a s e d on standard weekly hours 9 of—

All
industries
A ll
sc hedules

ESTABLISHMENTS

establishm ents

stuoieo

hawing

a

*10 0.00
*1 0 5.00
*11 0.00
*1 1 5.00
*1 2 0.00
*12 5.00
*1 3 0.00
*13 5.00
*14 0.00
*14 5.00
*1 5 0.00
*15 5.00
*1 6 0.00
*16 5.00
*17 0.00
*1 7 5.00

UNDER
UNDER
UNDER
UNDER
UNDER
UNDER
UNDER
UNOER
UNDER
UNOER
UNOER
UNOER
UNOER
UNDER
UNDER
OVER -

All
schedules

All
schedules

40

Nonmanufacturing

B a s e d on standard wee kly hours 9 of—
40

All
schedules

40

127

62

XXX

65

XXX

127

62

XXX

65

XXX

22

16

16

6

5

55

27

27

2d

24

-

2

-

-

2

-

-

i

-

-

1

-

i
14
10

_

_

1
11

_

2

2

8

4
1
4
-

1

AND UNDER * 9 5 . 0 0
AND UNDER * 9 7 . 5 0
AN0 UNDER * 1 0 0 . 0 0
ANO
AND
ANO
AND
ANO
ANO
AND
ANO
AND
ANO
ANO
ANO
AND
ANO
ANO
ANO

40

Manufacturing
All
industries

specified

MINIMUM -------------------------------------------------------*92 .50
*9 5 .0 0
*9 7 .5 0

Nonmanufacturing

*1 0 5 .0 0
*1 1 0 .0 0
*1 1 5 .0 0
*1 2 0 .0 0
*1 2 5 .0 0
*13 0 .0 0
*13 5 .0 0
* 1 4 0 .0 0
* 1 4 5 .0 0
* 1 5 0 .0 0
* 1 5 5 .0 0
*1 6 0 .0 0
*1 6 5 .0 0
*17 0 .0 0
*1 7 5 .0 0

•
■
•
-

-

-

2

_

4
_

_

-

3

3

3

2
1

3

_

3

i
-

2
1
-

2
1
-

1
-

1

3

-

4
3
1

2
2
2

1
1
1

1
1
1

2
2

2
2

-

-

-

1
1

1
1

1
i

-

1
-

-

-

1
-

2

11

3

3

7

3

7
2
4
1
4
“
3

1
1
1

1
1

1
1

1
1

3

3

4
2

4
2
“

2

2

*

1

1

1

1

-

-

1
1
1
1

ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING NO SPECIFIED
MINIMUM -------------------------------------------------------------

9

4

XXX

5

XXX

36

19

XXX

17

XXX

ESTABLISHMENTS WHICH DID NOT EMPLOY
WORKERS IN THIS CATEGORY ---------------------

96

42

XXX

54

XXX

36

16

XXX

20

XXX

_
_

_

_
_

_
_

_
-

See footnotes at end of tables.




12




Table B-2. Late-shift pay provisions for full-time manufacturing
production and related workers in York, Pa., February 1978
( A l l f u l l -t i m e manufacturing production and related worke _rs=_^00_j>ercent}_
W o r k e r s on late shifts

A ll w o r k e r s 10
Item

Third shift

Second shift

Third shift

Second shift

86 . 5

6 5 .8

16.9

8.1

PERCENT OF WORKERS
IN ESTABLISHMENTS WITH LATE SHIFT PROVISIONS
WITH NO PAY DIFFERENTIAL FOR LATE SHIFT WORK
WITH PAY DIFFERENTIAL FOR LATE SHIFT WORK —
UNIFORM CENTS-PER-HOUR DIFFERENTIAL -------------UNIFORM PERCENTAGE DIFFERENTIAL ----------------------OTHER DIFFERENTIAL -----------------------------------------------------

-

-

9.1
77 . 5
6 7 .3
10.2

6 5 .8
5 7 .5
8 .3

.9
16.0
14 .3
1.7

8.1
7 .5
.6

2 0 .5
8.9

2 3 .6
9.4

2 1 .0
8.9

2 3 .0
1 0 .0

AVERAGE PAY DIFFERENTIAL
UNIFORM CENTS-PER-HOUR DIFFERENTIAL ------------------UNIFORM PERCENTAGE DIFFERENTIAL ---------------------------PERCENT OF WORKERS BY TYPE AND
AMOUNT OF PAY DIFFERENTIAL
UNIFORM
5
8
10
12
13
lb
16
20
21
22
24
25
26
30
35

c e n t s - per - hour:
CENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------CENTS --------------------------------------------------------------------

2 .1
1 .2
6 .5
5 .1
1 .6
10 .8
-

7 .4
1 .1
1.1
-

17 .0
7 .1
6 .2

UNIFORM p e r c e n t a g e :
7
AND UNDER 8 PERCENT
10 PERCENT -----------------------

4 .0'
6 .2

See footnotes at end of tables.

13

2. 1
1 .8

.7
44
1.8
.7
46

4 .1
1.9
14 .8
5.1
1.1
7 .7
2.7
10 .0
6.2

1.7
6 .6

1.4
1.4
.3
*4
-

2.9
-

2.2
1.7
.7
.9

.7
.3
.5
.4
1.6
.4

.2
.7
.7
.6
1.2

_
.6

'

Table B-3. Scheduled weekly hours and days of full-time first-shift workers in York, Pa., February 1978
O ff ic e w o r k e r s

Prod uctio n and related w or k er s
It em
A ll industries

Public utilities

Pub lic utilities

Nonmanufacturing

10 0

100

1QG

100

100

100

100

10 0

< 12 )
(12)
(12 )
_

_

1
3
2
-

_

_

-

2
1
(12)
2
5
-

-

~
(12)
1
4
4
(12)
4
3
1

“
~
2
10
10

-

-

A ll industries

Man uf actur ing

Nonmanufacturing

Manufacturing

P E R C E N T OF W O R K E R S BY S C H E D U L E D
W E E K L Y H O U R S AND D A Y S
ALL F U L L - T I H E
15
25
30
34
35
36
37
38
38
39
40
42
42
44
45
47
46
53
56
60

W O R K E R S ----------

H O U R S — 5 D A Y S ---------------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ---------------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ---------------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ---------------------H O U R S ------------------------------5 D A Y S ----------------------------6 D A Y S ----------------------------1/2 H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ---------------1/2 H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ----------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ---------------------1/2 H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ----------------H O U R S - 5 1/2 D A Y S ----------------HO U R S ------------------------------4 1/ 2 DA Y S -----------------------5 D A Y S ----------------------------H O U R S ------------------------------5 D A Y S ----------------------------6 D A Y S ----------------------------1/2 H O U R S - 5 O A Y S ---------------HO U R S ------------------------------5 D A Y S ----------------------------5 1/2 DA Y S -----------------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ---------------------1/2 H O U R S ------------------------5 D A Y S ----------------------------5 1/2 DA Y S -----------------------HOUR S-6 D A Y S ---------------------1/2 H O U R S - 5 1/2 D A Y S ----------HO U R S ------------------------------6 O A Y S ----------------------------7 D A Y S ----------------------------H O U R S — 6 O A Y S ----------------------

3
3
(12)
(12)
4
_
_
(12 )
77
1
76
1
1
(12)
4
i
2
3
3
3
(12)
2
1
2
(12)
2
( 12 )

_
4
4
3
_
77
1
76
4
i
3
4
3
3
2
1
2
2

-

1
75
_

98
98
-

75
6
6
(12)

-

( 12 )
(12)
(12)

*
<12 )

(12)

1

1
1
(12)
(12)

1
(12 )

39.5

4 0 .3

“
~

~
4
95
< 12 )
95

1
4
8
2
~
72

“
“
”

72
1

95
—

~

~

~

1
“
(12)

~

-

(12)
(12)
~

1

( 12 )
“

39.6

39 .9

87
(12)
86
(12)
(12)
(12)
-

2
(12)

“

~
~
~
~

“

~
~
~
~

~

~

~

~

39 .1

39 .8

-

AVERAGE SCHEDULED
WEEKLY H O UR S
ALL W E E K L Y

WO RK S C H E D U L E S ---------

4 0 .7

40 .9

See footnotes at end of t ab le s .




14

Table B-4. Annual paid holidays for full-time workers in York, Pa., February 1978
Of fi ce w or k er s

Production and related w or k ers
Ite m
All industries

Manufacturing

Public utilities

Nonmanufacturing

A ll industries

M anuf actur ing

Norm inufacturing

Public utilities

100

100

100

100

100

PERCENT OF UORKERS
ALL FULL-TIME

UORKERS -------------------

100

IN ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIDING
PAID HOLIDAYS ---------------------------------------IN ESTABLI iflCNfS PROVIDING
PAID HOLIDAYS ----------------------------------------

2

-

13

-i

(12)

-

(1 2 )

_

98

100

87

100

99

100

99

100

9 .6

9.8

8.8

10.9

9.9

1 0 .2

9.5

10 .6

(12)
4
i
1
8
(12)
(12)
8
2
18
3
2
25
(12)
14
2

(12)
5
1
1
4
i
(12)
6
i
16
2
(12)
24
(12)
2
28
1
(12)
7
2

( 12)
(12)
( 12)
1
6
i
-

13
1
(12)
2
_

7
2

( 12)
1
1
1
8
( 12)
~
8
2
20
3
2
28
12
2
~
9
3

98
93
92
84
83
75
74
55
53
26
12
10
2

99
99
98
88
88
80
78
58
55
25
13
12
3

99
95
95
90
89
83
82
66
64
40
11
9
2

99
99
99
93
91
86
86
73
71
37
16
13
2

AVERAGE NUMBER OF PAID

100

100

HOLIOAYS

FOR UORKERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS
PROVIDING HOLIDAYS ------------------PERCENT OF UORKERS BY NUMBER
OF PAID HOLIDAYS PROVIDED
5 HOLID A Y S ---------------------------------------------------------6 HOLID
PLUS 1 HALF D A Y --------------------------------------PLUS 2 HALF D A Y S ------------------------------------7 HOLID
PLUS 1 HALF D A Y --------------------------------------PLUS 2 HALF D A Y S ------------------------------------8 HOLID
PLUS 1 h a l f D A Y --------------------------------------9 HOLID
PLUS 1 HALF D A Y --------------------------------------PLUS 2 HALF D A Y S ------------------------------------10 HOLI
PLUS 1 HALF
PLUS 2 HALF D A Y S ------------------------------------11 HOLI U ' J
12 HOl I
PLUS 1 HALF 0 A Y --------------------------------------13 HOLI
14 HOLI D A Y S --------------------------------------------------------

22
(12)
(12)
5
1
7

(12)
( 12 >
-

~

1
20

11

11
~
3
23
3

68
10

_

_

5
1
12
3
1
33
22
2
11
2

1
7
23
8
i
4
38
(12 )
1
-

1
(12)
_
_
10
24
4
55
1
5
_

1

~

99
87
86
84
84
76
76
53
53
45
2
1
1

100
100
100
99
99
99
99
89
89
61
6
-

PERCENT OF UORKERS BY TOTAL
PAID HOLIDAY TIME PROVIDED13
6 DAYS OR MORE ----------------------------------------6 1 / 2 DAYS OR MORE -------------------------------7 DAYS OR MORE ----------------------------------------7 1 / 2 DAYS OR MORE -------------------------------8 DAYS OR MORE ----------------------------------------8 1 / 2 DAYS OR MORE -------------------------------9 DAYS OR MORE ----------------------------------------9 1 / 2 DAYS OR HORE -------------------------------10 DAYS OR MORE --------------------------------------11 DAYS OR MORE --------------------------------------12 DAYS OR MORE --------------------------------------13 DAYS OR MORE --------------------------------------14 DAYS ----------------------------------------------------------

100
100
100
99
99
99
99
98
98
78
10
“

87
65
65
59
59
51
51
40
40
29
3

S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b l e s .




15

Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in York, Pa., February 1978
Pr oduction and rel ate d w or k ers

O ff ic e w o r k e r s

It em
A ll industries

M anuf actu r ing

Nonmanufacturing

Public utilities

100

100

100

100

A ll industries

Manufacturing

Nonmanufacturing

Public utilities

PERCENT OF WORKERS
ALL FULL-TIME

WORKERS ---------------

IN ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIDING
PAID VACATIONS ---------------------------------IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING
PAID VACATIONS ---------------------------------LENGTH-OF-TIME PAYMENT ------------PERCENTAGE PAYMENT ---------------------OTHER PAYMENT ----------------------------------

1

_

8

_

100

100

100

-

-

-

100
94
6
(12)

100
90
10
( 12)

100
100

100
100
”

10
39
11
( 12)

9
3A
1

19
15

-

10
37
7
( 12)

71
4
16
9

31
3
52
11

38
1
60
1
~

52
3
A3
3

99
73
26

100
69
31

92
92

100
100

-

-

6 MONTHS OF SERVICE!
UNDER 1 WEEK ------------------------1 WEEK ---------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS
2 WEEKS -------------------------------------

23
18
8
i

26
20
10
1

9
9
i

9
10

1 YEAR OF SERVICE!
1 WEEK ---------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS
2 WEEKS ------------------------------------OVER 2 AND UNOER 3 WEEKS
3 WEEKS ------------------------------------A WEEKS -------------------------------------

69
2
20
1
6
1

69
2
21
~
7
1

68
1
19
3

2 YEARS OF SERVICE!
1 WEEK ---------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS
2 WEEKS ------------------------------------OVER 2 AND UNOER 3 WEEKS
3 WEEKS ------------------------------------A WE EKS -------------------------------------

51
3
37
1
6
i

56
3
32

22
1
63
6
-

14

15
5
68
2
9
1

AMOUNT OF P A10

100

-

-

VACATION AFTER! 14

3 YEARS OF SERVICE!
1 WEEK ---------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEk S
2 WEEKS ------------------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS
3 WEEKS ------------------------------------A WEEKS ------------------------------------A YEARS OF SERVICE!
1 WEEK ---------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNOER 2 WEEKS
2 WEEKS ------------------------------------OVER 2 ANO UNDER 3 WEEKS
3 WEEKS -------------------------------------A WEEKS -------------------------------------5 YEARS OF SERVICE!
1 WEEK ---------------------------------------OVER 1 ANO UNOER 2 WEEKS
2 WEEKS ------------------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS
3 WEEKS -------------------------------------A WEEKS --------------------------------------

S ee fo o tn o te s

at en d o f t a b l e s .




4

69
3
8
1
12

-

7
1

8

12
5
68
5
9

1

i

(12)
(12 1
69
10
18
1

( 12)

4

69
5

_

69
10
20
1

*

-

-

4

~

(12)

26
5
A7
16
6
(12)

i
66
1A
“

18
2
65
11
4
(12)

19
4
55
16
6
(12)

15
( 12 )
83
2
“

93
6
“

12

1

4

-

-

73
6

86
14

-

-

2
2
73
• 17
6
(12)

8
90
2
~

1
93
6
“

12
(12)
73
6

-

i

66
14

-

-

76
1A
5
(12)

“

(12)
(12)
70
12
9
-

-

i

i
-

68
31
-

1
79
11
4
(12)
4

(12)
(12)
57
19
2A
(12)

1
2
67
22
7
( 12)

_
A7
27
26
( 12)

8

1

1

( 12 >

90
2

93
6

-

(12 )
(12 >
75
4
20

1
80
16
4

Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in York, Pa., February 1978— Continued
Of fi ce w o r k e r s

Production and related w or k er s
It e m
A ll industries

A M O U N T OF P A I D V A C A T I O N
CONTINUED
10

Manufacturing

Pub lic utilities

Nonmanufacturing

A ll industries

Manufacturing

Nonmanufacturing

A F T E R 14 -

Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E :
1 WE E K --------------------------2 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 2 AND U N D E R 3 W E E K S ---3 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 3 AND U N D E R A W E E K S ---A W E E K S --------------------------

(12)
1A
4
66
3
11

(12)
15
5
6A
2
13

(12)
10
~
76
6
~

(12)
(12)
-

Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E :
1 W E E K --------------------------2 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 2 AND U N O E R 3 W E E K S ---3 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 3 AND U N D E R A W E E K S ---A W E E K S --------------------------

(12)
12
3
63
5
15

( 12)
12
3
61
5
18

(12)
8
76
5
2

(12)
(12)
83
15
1

66
15
1A

Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E :
1 WE E K --------------------------2 W E E K S -------------------------3 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 3 AND U N D E R A W E E K S ---A W E E K S -------------------------O V E R A AND U N O E R 5 W E E K S ----

(12)
8
A6
8
36
1

( 12)
8
A6
9
36
~

(12)
8
44
2
3A
5

(12 )

(12)
4
A5
17
33
(12)

20 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E :
1 WE E K --------------------------2 W E E K S -------------------------3 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 3 ANO U N O E R A W E E K S ---A W E E K S -------------------------O V E R A AND U N O E R 5 W E E K S ---5 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 5 AN D U N D E R 6 W E E K S ----

(12)
8
15
1
57
1
15
1

( 12)
8
15
1
57
2
16
“

(12)
8
1A
56
9
5

(12)
(12 )
60
26
1A

(12)
4
10

25 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E :
1 WE E K --------------------------2 W E E K S -------------------------3 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 3 AND U N O E R A W E E K S ---A W E E K S -------------------------O V E R A AND U N O E R 5 W E E K S ---5 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 5 AND U N D E R 6 W E E K S ---6 W E E K S --------------------------

(12)
8
14
1
30
5
38
1
2

( 12)
8
1A
1
28
6
40
2

(12)
8
1A
39
26
5

(12)
*

(12)
4
9

5
11
-

-

20
66
1A

42
2
31
11
-

25
3
39
16
“

72
1
17
1

30 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E :
1 W E E K --------------------------2 W E E K S -------------------------3 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 3 AND U N O E R A W E E K S ---A W E E K S -------------------------O V E R A AND U N D E R 5 W E E K S ---5 W E E K S -------------------------O V E R 5 AND U N O E R 6 W E E K S ---6 W E E K S --------------------------

( 12 )
8
1A
1
29
5
37
1
3

(12)
4
9

5
11

12

15

See fo o tn o te s

Public utilities

( 121
8
14
i
27
6
39
4

86
1A
~

28
6
52
1A

(12)
6
-

-

64
10
12
(12)

_

'
(12)
8
1A

(12)
-

-

-

39

20
-

26
5

66
1A

a t en d o f t a b l e s .




(12)
7
2
69
13
9

17

8
2
56
20
13

_
7
50
22
20

5
33
26
35

_
5
11
52
16
15

_

_

-

-

38
2
3A
11
1

24
3
39
16
i

(12 >
4
93
2
1

(12)
1

(12 )
3
~
92
2
2

(12)
1
“
81
9
9

(12 )
3
65
1
30
1

(12)
A2
1
50
6

(12)
3
6
8A

(12)
1
68
“
26
6

5
1

(12 )
3
6

“
89
6
4

(12)
34
60
6
"

(12 )
3
6
6A
~
26
1

(12)

34
60
6

Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in York, Pa., February 1978— Continued
O ffice workers

Production and related workers
It em

A ll industries

Manufacturing

Nonmanufacturing

Public utilities

All industries

(12)
8
1A
1
29
5
34
1
6

( 12)
8
1A
1
27
6
36
7

(12)
8
1A
~
39
~
2A
5
3

(12)

(12)
4
9
-

Manufacturing

Nonmanufacturing

Public utilities

(12)
3
6
-

(12)
-

AMOUNT OF PAID VACATION AFTER 14 CONTINUED
MAXIMUM VACATION AVAILABLE:
1 UEEK ------------------------------------------------------2 WEEKS ------------ -----------------------------------3 WEEKS ----------------------------------------------------OVER 3 ANO UNDER A WEEKS ------------A WEEKS ---------------------------------------------------OVER A AND UNOER 5 WEEKS ------------5 WEEKS ---------------------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER 6 WEEKS ------------6 WEEKS ----------------------------------------------------7 WEEKS ----------------------------------------------------

20
37
1A
9

See footnotes at end of tabl es.




18

38
2
32
11
3
(12)

5
11
2A
3
35
16
5

6A
25
1
(12 )
1

3A
59
6
1

Table B-6. Health, insurance, and pension plans for full-time workers in York, Pa., February 1978
Of fi ce worker

Production and related w or k ers
It em

Non.

anufacturing

Public utilities

A ll industries

Manufacturing

Nonmanufacturing

Public utilities

A ll industries

M anuf actur ing

WORKERS --------------

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING AT
LEAST ONE OF THE BENEFITS
SHOWN BELOW15 ----------------------------------------

99

100

95

100

100

100

100

100

99

99

62

86

PERCENT
ALL FULL-TIME

of

workers

LIFE INSURANCE -------------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ----------------

92
81

94
85

80
61

99
75

96
84

98
85

ACCIDENTAL DEATH AND
DISMEMBERMENT INSURANCE -------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ----------------

77
67

78
69

79
59

98
78

82
70

82
69

81
71

90
80

SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE
OR SICK LEAVE OR BOTH1 6 ----------------

92

93

88

99

97

97

98

99

86

93
82

55
97

55
55

78
69

87
78

61

77

53

54
59

20

16

93

72

61

62

58

76

22

22

11

27

29

28

39
39

55
49

61
56

99
35

39
19

99

100

99
85

100

90

100

100

SICKNESS AND ACCIOENT
INSURANCE -----------------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS -----------SICK LEAVE (FULL PAY AND NO
WAITING PERIOD) ---------------------------SICK LEAVE (PARTIAL PAY OR
WAITING PERIOD) ----------------------------

5

1

LONG-TERM DI SABILITY
INSURANCE ----------------------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ----------------

36
35

37
37

HOSPITALISATION INSURANCE -----------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ----------------

99
64

100

SURGICAL INSURANCE ---------------------------NOwCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ----------------

99
84

100

MEDICAL INSURANCE -----------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ----------------

98
64

MAJOR MEDICAL INSURANCE ---------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ----------------

22

1

95
70

100
96

88

100
96

100
88

100

87

94
70

90

85

96

99
87

94
70

100

99

100

100

96

86

99
90

85

96

91
73

92
76

87
59

91
67

97
79

96
78

99
65

97
93

DENTAL INSURANCE --------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ----------------

27
26

27
27

26
22

51
51

36
31

93
38

23

18

39
39

RETIREMENT PENSION
NONCONTRIBUTORY P

89

94
85

67

95
94

91

95
91

86

86

81

83

83

S ------- -------

S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s .




87

62

86

96

Table B-7. Life insurance plans for full-time workers in York, Pa., February 1978
Pr oduction and related w or k er s
A l l industries

Office w o r k e r s

Manuf ac tur ing

Manufacturing

A l l industries

Item
All
plans 17

TYPE OF P L A N AND
of

Noncontributory
plans 17

All
plans 17

Noncontributory
plans 17

A ll
plans 17

Noncontributory
plans 17

All
plans 17

Noncontributory
plans 17

AMOUNT

insurance

ALL F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S ARE P R O V I D E D THE SAME
F L A T - S U M D O L L A R AM OU NT :
P E R C E N T OF AL L F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S 18-----A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E P R O V I D E D : 19
M E A N -------------------------------M E D I A N -v---------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E <50 P E R C E N T ) ----M I D D L E R A N G E <00 P E R C E N T ) ----AM OU NT OF I N S U R A N C E IS B A S E D ON A S C H E D U L E
W H I C H I N D I C A T E S A S P E C I F I E D D O L L A R AM O U N T OF
I N S U R A N C E FO R A S P E C I F I E D L E N G T H OF SERV IC E:
P E R C E N T OF AL L F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S 18---------A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E P R O V I D E D 19 AFTER:
6 M O N T H S OF S E R V I C E :
M E A N ----------------------------------M E D I A N --------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E <50 P E R C E N T ) -------M I D D L E R A N G E <80 P E R C E N T ) -------1 YEAR OF S E R V I C E :
M E A N -----------------------------------M E D I A N --------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E <50 P E R C E N T ) -------M I O D L E R A N G E <80 P E R C E N T ) --------5 Y E A R S OF SERV IC E:
M E A N -----------------------------------M E D I A N --------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E <50 P E R C E N T ) --------M I O D L E R A N G E <60 P E R C E N T ) --------10 YE A R S OF S E R V I C E :
M E A N -----------------------------------M E D I A N --------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E <50 P E R C E N T ) --------H I O O L E R A N G E <80 P E R C E N T ) --------20 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E :
M E A N -----------------------------------M E D I A N --------------------------------M I D O L E R A N G E <50 P E R C E N T ) --------M I O D L E R A N G E <80 P E R C E N T ) ---------

49

*3

SI

S5 » 80 0
S 5.000
000- 8 .5 00
000-10*000

5

* 2 * 00 0
<6 >
<6 )
<t>)

46
S 5 .900
S6 . 0 0 0
S 3 .0 0 0 - 8 .5 00
S I,00 0-1 0.00 0

51
S 5.600
S 5.000
S 3 .0 0 0 - 8.5 0 0
S I .00 0-10.0 00

4

5

5

<6 )
(6)
(6)
(6)

<6
<6
(6
(6

)
)
)
>

<6
<6
<6
<6

)
)
)
)

23
*10.500
*7.5 00
S 5.00 0-1 2.00 0
$ 2 .0 0 0 -2 5 .0 0 0

2

26
*11 .200
* 8.5 00
* 5 .0 0 0 -2 5 .0 0 0
S 2 .00 0 -2 5 .0 0 0

24
S 5.700
S5.000
S 4 .0 0 0 - 8,5 0 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 8,8 00

2

21
* 6 ,0 0 0
* 6 ,0 0 0
* 4 ,0 0 0 - 8.5 00
* 1 .0 0 0 - 8 .8 0 0

2

2

*1,9 00
S2.00 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 2.000
* 2 .0 0 0 - 2.0 00

S I .9 0 0
S 2.000
S 2 .0 0 0 - 2.0 00
Sl.O O O - 2 .0 0 0

(6
<6
(6
(6

)
)
)
)

<6
<6
<6
<6

>
)
)
>

SI
SI

S I . 600
S 2.000
000- 2.0 0 0
000- 2 .0 00

SI , 6 0 0
*2 »000
S I , 00 0- 2 ,0 00
S I ,0 0 0 - 2 .0 0 0

S 1,6 0 0
*2 .0 0 0
Sl.OOO - 2 ,0 0 0
*1,000-- 2,0 00

51*600
*2.000
* 1 ,0 0 0 - 2,0 0 0
* 1 .0 0 0 - 2 .0 00

S I . 900
S2.00 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 2.000
S l. O O O - 2 . 5 0 0

*1 . 9 0 0
*2 .0 0 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 2 .0 00
S l.O O O - 2 . 5 0 0

S 2.00 0
S 2.00 0
* 2 , 0 0 0 - 2.0 0 0
* 2 .0 0 0 - 2 .5 00

* 2 ,0 0 0
*2.0 00
S 2 .0 0 0 - 2 .0 0 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 2 .5 0 0

S2
S2

S 3.000
S 2.500
000- 2.5 0 0
000- 7 .0 00

$2 * 90 0
S2 . 5 0 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 2 .5 00
S 2 .0 0 0 - 7.0 0 0

S 2.90 0
*2 .5 0 0
* 2 .0 0 0 - 2,5 00
S 2.00C - 7 .0 0 0

*2.900
*2.5 00
* 2 .0 0 0 - 2.5 0 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 7»000

S 4 . 100
*4,0 00
S 2 .5 0 0 - 5.000
* 2 .5 0 0 - 7,0 0 0

S4.200
S 2.50 0
*2 » 5 0 0 - 7 .0 0 0
*2 » 5 0 0 — 7 .0 0 0

54 .400
* 5 ,0 0 0
* 2 ,5 0 0 - 7 .0 0 0
* 2 ,5 0 0 - 7 .0 0 0

5 4 .400
*5.0 00
S 2 .5 0 0 - 7.0 00
S 2.50 0- 7.0 00

S2
S2

S 3.000
S 2.500
000- 2.5 0 0
000- 7 .0 0 0

5 2 190 0
S 2.500
* 2 .0 0 0 — 2 .5 0 0
* 2 .0 0 0 — 7.0 0 0

*2.9 00
S 2.500
S 2 .0 0 0 - 2.5 00
*2 » 00 0— 7 . 0 0 0

*2,900
*2.5 00
* 2 .0 0 0 - 2.5 0 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 7.0 0 0

*4.7 00
S 4.000
S 2 .5 0 0 - 7.0 00
S 2 .50 0 -1 0 .0 0 0

S 5.10 0
S 2.50 0
S 2 .5 0 0 - 7.0 00
S 2 .5 0 0 -1 0 .000

5 5 .400
47 .000
* 2 .5 0 0 - 7.0 00
* 2 .5 0 0 -1 0 .0 0 0

* 5 .4 0 0
57 .000
* 2 . 500- 7 ,0 0 0
* 2 . 5 0 0 - 1 0 .0 00

S 3.000
S 2.500
000- 2.5 0 0
000- 7 .0 00

S2 . 9 0 0
* 2 15 0 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 2.5 0 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 7.0 00

52*900
52*500
* 2 .0 0 0 - 2.5 0 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 7 .0 00

*2.9 00
52.500
* 2 ,0 0 0 - 2.5 0 0
S 2 .0 0 0 - 7 .0 00

S 5.900
5 4 . GOO
S 2 .5 0 0 - 7.0 00
S 2 .5 0 0-20,0 00

S 6.90G
5 2 .500
* 2 . 5 0 0 - 7.0 0 0
S 2 .50 0 -2 0 .0 0 0

*7 » 4 0 0
57.000
* 2 , 5 0 0 - 7.0 0 0
* 2 .5 0 0 -2 0 .0 0 0

*7,4 00
$ 7 .000
* 2 .5 0 0 - 7,0 00
S 2 .50 0 -2 0 .0 0 0

S2

$2

See footnotes at end of tables.




48
*5,7 00
*5.0 00
S 3 .0 0 0 - 8 ,5 0 0
S I , 00 0-10.0 00

20

Table B-7. Life insurance plans for full-time workers in York, Pa., February 1978— Continued
Pr oduction and related w or k er s

Office w or ker s

Manufacturing

A l l industries

Manufacturing

A l l industries

It e m
A ll
plans 17

Noncontributory
plans 17

All
plans 17

Noncontributory
plans 17

A ll
plans 17

15

20

17

17

Noncontributory
plans 17

All
plans 17

Noncontributory
plans 17

TYPE OF P L A N AND A M O U N T
OF I N S U R A N C E - C O N T I N U E D

A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E IS B A S E O O N A S C H E D U L E
W H I C H I N D I C A T E S A S P E C I F I E D D O L L A R A M O U N T OF
I N S U R A N C E FO R A S P E C I F I E D A M O U N T OF E A R N I N G S :
P E R C E N T OF AL L F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S 1 8 -------------A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E P R O V I D E D 19 IF:
A N N U A L E A R N I N G S ARE * 5 .0 00 :
M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------MI D D L E R A N G E (80 P E R C E N T ) ------------A N N U A L E A R N I N G S ARE * 1 0 . 0 0 0 :
M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I O D L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------M I O D L E R A N G E (80 P E R C E N T ) ------------A N N U A L E A R N I N G S ARE * 1 5 . 0 0 0 :
M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------M I D D L E R A N G E (80 P E R C E N T ) ------------A N N U A L E A R N I N G S ARE * 2 0 . 0 0 0 :
M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------M I D D L E R A N G E (80 P E R C E N T ) ------------A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E IS E X P R E S S E D AS A F A C T O R OF
A N N U A L E A R N I N G S : 20
P E R C E N T OF AL L F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S 18 -------------F A C T O R OF A N N U A L E A R N I N G S U S E D TO C A L C U L A T E
A M O U N T OF i n s u r a n c e : 19 20
M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------M I O D L E R A N G E (80 P E R C E N T ) ------------P E R C E N T OF AL L F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S C O V E R E D BY
P L A N S NOT S P E C I F Y I N G A M A X I M U M A h o U N T OF
I N S U R A N C E 19-----------------------------------------P E R C E N T OF AL L F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S C O V E R E D BY
P L A N S S P E C I F Y I N G A M A X I M U M A M O U N T OF
I N S U R A N C E ------------------------------------------S P E C I F I E D M A X I M U M A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E :
M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I O D L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------M I O D L E R A N G E (80 P E R C E N T ) ------------A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E IS B A S E D O N SO M E O T H E R TYPE
OF p l a n :
P E R C E N T OF ALL F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S 1 8 -----------

Id

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(6
(6
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(6

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7

S e e fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le s .




14

21

(6
(6
(6
(6

)
)
)
)

5

90

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8

Footnotes

S o m e o f t h e s e s ta n d a r d fo o t n o t e s m a y n ot a p p ly to th is b u lle tin .

14 In clu d e s p a y m e n ts o th e r th a n " le n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h a s p e r c e n t a g e
o f a nn ual e a r n in g s o r f la t - s u m p a y m e n t s , c o n v e r t e d to an e q u iv a le n t tim e
b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le , 2 p e r c e n t o f an n u a l e a r n in g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d as 1 w e e k 's
p a y . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e a r e c h o s e n a r b i t r a r i l y and do n ot n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t
in d iv id u a l p r o v is io n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n ; f o r e x a m p le , c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t io n s
at 10 y e a r s in clu d e ch a n g e s b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s t im a t e s a r e c u m u la ­
t i v e . T h u s , the p r o p o r t io n e lig ib le f o r at le a s t 3 w e e k s ' p a y a ft e r 10 y e a r s
in c lu d e s th o s e e lig ib le f o r at le a s t 3 w e e k s ' p a y a ft e r f e w e r y e a r s o f s e r v i c e .
15 E s tim a te s lis t e d a ft e r ty p e o f b e n e f it a r e f o r a ll p la n s f o r w h ic h
at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y th e e m p l o y e r .
" N o n c o n t r ib u t o r y
p la n s " in c lu d e o n ly th o s e fin a n c e d e n t ir e ly b y th e e m p l o y e r . E x c lu d e d a r e
le g a lly r e q u ir e d p la n s , s u ch as w o r k e r s ' d is a b ilit y c o m p e n s a t io n , s o c i a l s e ­
c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e t ir e m e n t .
16 U n d u p lica te d to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and
a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly b e lo w . S ic k le a v e p la n s a r e l im it e d to
t h o s e w h ic h d e fin ite ly e s t a b lis h at le a s t th e m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y
th at e a c h e m p lo y e e ca n e x p e c t . I n fo r m a l s i c k le a v e a llo w a n c e s d e t e r m in e d
on an in d iv id u a l b a s is a r e e x c lu d e d .
17 E s tim a te s u n d er " A l l p la n s " r e la t e to a ll p la n s f o r w h ic h at le a s t
a p a r t o f th e c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p l o y e r . E s t im a t e s u n d e r " N o n c o n t r i b ­
u to r y p la n s " in c lu d e o n ly th o s e fin a n c e d e n t ir e ly b y th e e m p l o y e r .
18 F o r " A l l i n d u s t r i e s , " a ll f u l l - t i m e p r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s
o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s e q u a l 100 p e r c e n t .
F o r " M a n u f a c t u r i n g ," a ll f u l l - t i m e
p r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m a n u fa c tu r in g e q u a l 100
p ercen t.
19 T h e m e a n a m ou n t is c o m p u te d b y m u lt ip ly in g the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s
p r o v id e d in s u r a n c e b y the a m ou n t o f in s u r a n c e p r o v id e d , to t a lin g th e p r o d ­
u c t s , and d iv id in g th e su m b y th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d ia n in d ic a t e s
that h a lf o f the w o r k e r s a re p r o v id e d an a m o u n t e q u a l to o r s m a l l e r and h a lf
an a m ou n t eq u a l to o r l a r g e r than th e a m o u n t s h o w n . M id d le ra n g e (50 p e r ­
ce n t)— a fo u r t h o f the w o r k e r s a r e p r o v id e d an a m ou n t e q u a l to o r l e s s than
the s m a l l e r a m ou n t and a fo u rth a r e p r o v i d e d an a m ou n t e q u a l to o r m o r e
th an th e l a r g e r a m ou n t. M id d le ra n g e (80 p e r c e n t ) — 10 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k ­
e r s a r e p r o v id e d an am ou nt e q u a l to o r l e s s th an th e s m a l
.m o u n t and 10
p e r c e n t a r e p r o v id e d an a m ou n t e q u a l to o r m o r e th a n t
a r g e r a m o u n t.
20 A f a c t o r o f annual e a r n in g s is th e n u m b e r b y w h ic n ann ual e a r n in g s
a r e m u lt ip lie d to d e t e r m in e the a m o u n t o f in s u r a n c e p r o v id e d . F o r e x a m p le ,
a f a c t o r o f 2 in d ic a t e s that f o r an n u a l e a r n in g s o f $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 th e a m o u n t o f
in s u r a n c e p r o v id e d is $ 20, 00 0 .

1 S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e i v e
t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t -t im e s a l a r i e s ( e x c lu s iv e o f p a y f o r o v e r t im e at r e g ­
u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ) , and th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly
h ou rs.
2
T h e m e a n is c o m p u te d f o r e a c h jo b by to t a lin g th e e a r n in g s o f
a ll w o r k e r s and d iv id in g b y th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s .
T h e m e d ia n d e s i g ­
n a te s p o s it io n — h a lf o f th e w o r k e r s r e c e i v e the s a m e o r m o r e and h a lf r e ­
c e iv e th e s a m e o r l e s s th a n th e r a te s h ow n . T h e m id d le ra n g e is d e fin e d
b y tw o r a te s o f p a y ; a fo u r t h o f the w o r k e r s e a r n th e s a m e o r l e s s than
th e lo w e r o f t h e s e r a te s and a fo u r t h e a r n th e s a m e o r m o r e than the
h ig h e r r a te .
3
E a r n in g s d a ta r e la t e o n ly to w o r k e r s w h o s e s e x id e n t ific a t io n w a s
p r o v id e d b y th e e s t a b lis h m e n t .
4
E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s ,
h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s .
5
E s t im a t e s f o r p e r io d s e n d in g p r i o r to 1976 r e la t e to m e n o n ly f o r
s k ille d m a in te n a n c e and u n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s .
A ll o t h e r e s t im a t e s r e ­
la te to m e n and w o m e n .
6
D a ta do n o t m e e t p u b lic a t io n c r i t e r i a o r d a ta n ot a v a ila b le .
7 F o r m a l l y e s t a b lis h e d m in im u m r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e h ir in g s a l ­
a r ie s th at a r e p a id f o r s ta n d a r d w o r k w e e k s .
8
E x c lu d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l jo b s s u c h as m e s s e n g e r .
9
D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a ll s ta n d a r d w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , and f o r
th e m o s t c o m m o n s ta n d a r d w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d .
10 In c lu d e s a ll p r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s
c u r r e n t ly o p e r a t in g la te s h if t s , and e s t a b lis h m e n t s w h o s e f o r m a l p r o v is io n s
c o v e r la te s h if t s , e v e n th o u g h th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w e r e not c u r r e n t ly
o p e r a t in g la te s h ift s .
11 L e s s th an 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t .
12 L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t .
13 A l l c o m b in a t io n s o f fu ll and h a lf d a y s that add to the s a m e a m ou n t;
f o r e x a m p le , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s
r e c e iv in g a to t a l o f 10 d a ys
in c lu d e s t h o s e w ith 10 fu ll d a y s and no h a lf d a y s , 9 fu ll d a y s and 2
h a lf d a y s , 8 fu ll d a y s and 4 h a lf d a y s , and s o o n .
P r o p o r t io n s th en
w e r e c u m u la te d .




22

Appendix A.
Scope and Method
of Survey
In e a c h o f th e 75 1 a r e a s c u r r e n t ly s u r v e y e d , th e B u r e a u o b ta in s
w a g e s and r e la t e d b e n e fit s d a ta f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in
s ix b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa c tu r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n ,
and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o l e s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e ,
and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . G o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s and th e c o n s t r u c t io n
and e x t r a c t i- e in d u s t r ie s a r e e x c lu d e d . E s ta b lis h m e n ts h av in g f e w e r th a n a
p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e a ls o e x c lu d e d b e c a u s e o f in s u f fic ie n t
n p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d . A p p e n d ix ta b le 1 s h o w s th e n u m b e r
c
e s t a b lis h m e n t s and w o r k e r s e s t im a t e d to b e w ith in th e s c o p e o f th is
s u r v e y , as w e ll as th e n u m b e r a c tu a lly s tu d ie d .
B u r e a u f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t iv e s o b ta in data b y p e r s o n a l v is it s at 3 - y e a r
i n t e r v a l s . In e a c h o f th e tw o in t e r v e n in g y e a r s , in fo r m a t io n on e m p lo y m e n t
and o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s o n ly is c o l l e c t e d b y a c o m b in a tio n o f p e r s o n a l
v i s i t , m a i l q u e s t io n n a ir e , and te le p h o n e in t e r v ie w f r o m
e s t a b lis h m e n t s
p a r t ic ip a t in g in th e p r e v io u s s u r v e y .

A s a m p le o f th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y is
s e l e c t e d f o r stu d y p r i o r to e a c h p e r s o n a l v is it s u r v e y .
T h is s a m p le , l e s s
e s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ic h g o ou t o f b u s in e s s o r a re no lo n g e r w ith in th e in d u s t r ia l
s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , is r e t a in e d f o r th e fo llo w in g tw o ann ual s u r v e y s .
In
m o s t c a s e s , e s t a b lis h m e n t s n e w to th e a r e a a re n ot c o n s i d e r e d in th e s c o p e
o f th e s u r v e y u n til th e s e l e c t i o n o f a s a m p le f o r a p e r s o n a l v i s i t s u r v e y .
T h e s a m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s in v o lv e d e ta ile d s t r a t ifi c a t io n o f a ll
e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f an in d iv id u a l a r e a s u r v e y b y in d u s t r y
an d n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s .
F r o m th is s t r a t ifie d u n iv e r s e a p r o b a b ilit y
s a m p le is s e l e c t e d , w ith e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t h av in g a p r e d e t e r m in e d c h a n c e
o f s e le c t io n .
T o o b ta in o p t im u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r
p r o p o r t i o n o f la r g e them s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s e le c t e d .
W h en d a ta a r e
c o m b i n e d , e a c h e s t a b lis h m e n t is w e ig h te d a c c o r d in g t o it s p r o b a b ilit y o f
s e l e c t i o n s o th a t u n b ia s e d e s t im a t e s a r e g e n e r a te d .
F o r e x a m p le , i f on e
ou t o f f o u r e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s e l e c t e d , it is g iv e n a w e ig h t o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t
i t s e l f p lu s t h r e e o t h e r s .
A n a lte r n a te o f th e s a m e o r ig i n a l p r o b a b ilit y is
c h o s e n in th e s a m e i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n if data a r e n ot a v a ila b le
f r o m th e o r i g i n a l s a m p le m e m b e r .
If no s u ita b le s u b s titu te is a v a ila b le ,
a d d itio n a l w e ig h t is a s s i g n e d t o a s a m p le m e m b e r that is s i m i l a r to the
m i s s i n g unit.

O c c u p a tio n s and e a r n in g s
O c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r stu dy a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c ­
tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s , and a r e o f the fo llo w in g ty p e s : (1)
O f fic e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l; (3) m a in te n a n c e , t o o l r o o m ,
and p o w e r p la n t ; and (4 ) m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d ia l.
O c c u p a tio n a l
c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s ig n e d to take
a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in the s a m e jo b .
O c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r stu dy a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in a p p e n d ix B .
U n le s s o t h e r w is e in d ic a t e d , th e e a r n in g s d a ta fo llo w in g the jo b title s
a r e f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s c o m b in e d . E a r n in g s d a ta f o r s o m e o f the o c c u p a t io n s
lis t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e in d u s t r y d iv is io n s w ith in the s c o p e o f the
s u r v e y , a r e n ot p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b le s b e c a u s e e it h e r (1) e m p lo y ­
m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n is t o o s m a ll to p r o v id e e n o u g h data to m e r it p r e s e n ­
ta t io n , o r (2) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t
d a ta . S e p a r a te m e n 's and w o m e n 's e a r n in g s da ta a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d w hen the
n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s n ot id e n t ifie d b y s e x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f th e m e n
o r w o m e n id e n t ifie d in an o c c u p a t io n .
E a r n in g s data n o t sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly
f o r in d u s t r y d iv is io n s a r e in c lu d e d in da ta f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s c o m b in e d .
L ik e w is e , f o r o c c u p a t io n s w ith m o r e th an on e l e v e l , data a re in clu d e d in
th e o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w h en a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is n ot sh ow n o r in fo r m a tio n
t o s u b c l a s s i f y is n o t a v a ila b le .
O c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s da ta a r e sh ow n f o r fu ll-tip n e
w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le .
E a rn in g s
d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s ,
and la te s h if t s .
N o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g
a llo w a n c e s and in c e n t iv e b o n u s e s a r e in c lu d e d .
W e e k ly h o u rs f o r o f f ic e
c l e r i c a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s r e f e r to the sta n d a rd
w o r k w e e k (r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r ) f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e
r e g u la r s t r a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s ( e x c lu s iv e o f p a y f o r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r
a n d / o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ) .
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t io n s
a r e ro u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o ll a r . V e r t i c a l lin e s w ith in the d is tr ib u tio n
o f w o r k e r s on s o m e A - t a b le s in d ic a t e a ch a n g e in th e s iz e o f the c la s s
in t e r v a ls .

T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the l e v e l o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s in an a r e a
at a p a r t ic u la r t i m e . C o m p a r is o n s o f in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r
t im e m a y n o t r e f l e c t e x p e c t e d w a g e c h a n g e s .
T h e a v e r a g e s f o r in d iv id u a l
jo b s a r e a ff e c t e d b y c h a n g e s in w a g e s and e m p lo y m e n t p a t te r n s . F o r e x a m p le ,
p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y h ig h - o r lo w - w a g e f i r m s m a y ch a n g e ,
o r h ig h -w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d v a n ce to b e t t e r jo b s and b e r e p la c e d b y new
w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a t e s .
S u ch s h ift s in e m p lo y m e n t c o u ld d e c r e a s e an
1
Included in the 75 areas are 5 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract.
These areas are
o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e e v e n th ou gh m o s t e s t a b lis h m e n t s in an a r e a in c r e a s e
Akron, Ohio; Birmingham, A la.; Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, V a.—N .C .;
w a g e s d u rin g th e y e a r . C h a n g es in e a r n in g s o f o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , show n in
Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N. Y . ; and Utica—Rome, N .Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more
ta b le A - 7, a r e b e t t e r in d ic a t o r s o f w a g e tr e n d s th an a r e e a r n in g s ch a n g e s f o r
limited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of
in d iv id u a l jo b s w ith in th e g r o u p s .
the for
U. S.
Department of Labor.
Digitized
FRASER



A v e r a g e e a r n in g s r e f l e c t c o m p o s i t e , a r e a w id e e s t im a t e s . I n d u s t r ie s
and e s t a b lis h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l and jo b s t a f fin g , and th u s c o n tr ib u te
d iffe r e n t ly t o th e e s t im a t e s f o r e a c h j o b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l t o r e f l e c t
a c c u r a t e ly th e w a g e d if f e r e n t ia l a m o n g jo b s in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
A v e r a g e p a y le v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s
sh ou ld n o t b e a s s u m e d t o r e f l e c t d if f e r e n c e s in p a y o f th e s e x e s w ith in
in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
F a c t o r s w h ic h m a y c o n tr ib u te t o d i f f e r e n c e s
in c lu d e p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b lis h e d ra te r a n g e s
(o n ly th e r a t e s p a id
in cu m b e n ts a r e c o l l e c t e d ) and p e r f o r m a n c e o f s p e c i f i c d u tie s w ith in th e
g e n e r a l s u r v e y jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e m p lo y e e s
in th e s e s u r v e y s u s u a lly a r e m o r e g e n e r a liz e d th an t h o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l
e s ta b lis h m e n ts and a llo w f o r m i n o r d if f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s in
s p e c i f i c d u tie s p e r f o r m e d .
O c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t im a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o t a l in a ll e s t a b ­
lis h m e n ts w ith in the s c o p e o f th e stu d y and n o t th e n u m b e r a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d .
B e c a u s e o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s d i f f e r , e s t im a t e s o f
o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m th e s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d
s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a t e th e r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f th e jo b s s tu d ie d .
T h ese
d if f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e d o n ot a ff e c t m a t e r i a l l y th e a c c u r a c y o f
the e a r n in g s d a ta .

E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g 2
C o m p u te r s y s t e m s
a n a ly s t s , c l a s s e s
A , B , and C
C o m p u te r p r o g r a m m e r s ,
c l a s s e s A , B , and C
In d u s t r ia l n u r s e s
R e g is t e r e d in d u s t r ia l
n u rses
S k ille d m a in te n a n ce
C a r p e n te r s
E le c t r ic ia n s
P e r c e n t ch a n g e s f o r in d iv ic
as f o llo w s :

S k ille d m a in t e n a n c e —
C o n tin u e d
P a in t e r s
M a c h in is t s
M e c h a n ic s (m a c h in e r y )
M e c h a n ic s ( m o t o r v e h i c l e )
P ip e fitt e r s
T o o l an d d ie m a k e r s
U n s k ille d p la n t
J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and
c le a n e r s
M a t e r ia l h a n d lin g l a b o r e r s
a r e a s in th e p r o g r a m a r e

c o m p u te d

1.

A v e r a g e e a r n in g s a re c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h o c c u p a t io n f o r
the 2 y e a r s b e in g c o m p a r e d . T h e a v e r a g e s a r e d e r iv e d
f r o m e a r n in g s in t h o s e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ic h a r e in th e
s u r v e y b o th y e a r s ; it is a s s u m e d th a t e m p lo y m e n t
r e m a in s u n ch a n g ed .

2.

E a ch o c c u p a t io n is a s s i g n e d a w e ig h t b a s e d on its
p r o p o r t io n a t e e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p in
the b a s e y e a r .

3.

T h e s e w e ig h ts a r e u s e d to c o m p u te g r o u p a v e r a g e s .
E a ch o c c u p a t io n 's a v e r a g e e a r n in g s ( c o m p u t e d in s te p 1)
is m u lt ip lie d b y it s w e ig h t.
T h e p r o d u c t s a r e t o t a le d
to o b ta in a g r o u p a v e r a g e .

4.

T h e ra tio o f g r o u p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t iv e y e a r s is
c o m p u te d b y d iv id in g th e a v e r a g e f o r th e c u r r e n t y e a r
b y the a v e r a g e f o r th e e a r l i e r y e a r .
T h e r e s u lt —
e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t — l e s s 100 i s th e p e r c e n t c h a n g e .

W a ge t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s
T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s p r e s e n t e d in t a b le A - 7 a r e b a s e d on ch a n g e s
in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f m e n and w o m e n in e s t a b lis h m e n t s r e p o r t in g
the tr e n d jo b s in b o th th e c u r r e n t and p r e v io u s y e a r (m a tc h e d e s ta b lis h m e n ts ).
T h e data a r e a d ju s te d to r e m o v e th e e f f e c t on a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f e m p l o y ­
m e n t s h ifts a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s and t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s in c lu d e d
in s u r v e y s a m p le s .
T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a r e s t ill a ff e c t e d b y
f a c t o r s o t h e r them w a g e i n c r e a s e s .
H ir in g s , l a y o f f s , and t u r n o v e r m a y
a ffe c t an e s t a b lis h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an o c c u p a t io n w h en w o r k e r s a r e p a id
u n d e r p la n s p r o v id in g a ra n g e o f w a g e r a t e s f o r in d iv id u a l j o b s . In p e r io d s
o f i n c r e a s e d h ir in g , f o r e x a m p le , n ew e m p lo y e e s m a y e n t e r at th e b o t t o m
o f the r a n g e , d e p r e s s in g th e a v e r a g e w ith ou t a ch a n g e in w a g e r a t e s .

T h e p e r c e n t ch a n g e s r e la t e to w a g e ch a n g e s b e tw e e n th e in d ic a t e d
d a te s . W h en th e t im e sp a n b e tw e e n s u r v e y s is o t h e r th a n 12 m o n t h s , annual
ra te s a r e s h o w n .
(It is a s s u m e d th at w a g e s i n c r e a s e at a c o n s ta n t ra te
b e tw e e n s u r v e y s .)

F o r a m o r e d e t a ile d d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e m e t h o d u s e d to c o m p u te
t h e s e w a g e t r e n d s , s e e " I m p r o v in g A r e a W a g e S u r v e y I n d e x e s , " M o n th ly
L a b o r R e v ie w , J a n u a ry 1 973, p p . 5 2 - 5 7 .
E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s

O c c u p a tio n s u s e d t o c o m p u te w a g e t r e n d s a r e :
O f fic e c l e r i c a l

O f f i c e c l e r i c a l — C o n tin u ed

S e c r e t a r ie s
S ten og ra p h ers, g en era l
S t e n o g r a p h e r s , s e n io r
T y p is ts , c la s s e s
A and B
F il e c l e r k s , c l a s s e s A ,
B , and C
M essengers
S w it c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s

O r d e r c le r k s , c la s s e s
A and B
A c c o u n t in g c l e r k s ,
c l a s s e s A and B
B o o k k e e p in g - m a c h in e
o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B
P a y r o l l c le r k s
K e y e n tr y o p e r a t o r s ,
c l a s s e s A and B




T h e in c id e n c e o f s e le c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y
w a g e p r o v is io n s is s tu d ie d f o r f u l l - t i m e p r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s and
o f f i c e w o r k e r s . P r o d u c t io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s ( r e f e r r e d t o h e r e a f t e r as
p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s ) in c lu d e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y
w ork ers
(in clu d in g g r o u p l e a d e r s and t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in f a b r i c a t in g ,
p r o c e s s i n g , a s s e m b lin g , in s p e c t i o n , r e c e i v i n g , s t o r a g e , h a n d lin g , p a c k ­
in g , w a r e h o u s in g , s h ip p in g , m a in t e n a n c e , r e p a i r , ja n i t o r i a l and g u a r d s e r ­
v i c e s , p r o d u c t d e v e lo p m e n t , a u x ilia r y p r o d u c t io n f o r p la n t 's o w n
u se
( e . g . , p o w e r p la n t ), and r e c o r d k e e p in g and o t h e r s e r v i c e s c l o s e l y a s s o c i ­
a te d w ith th e a b o v e p r o d u c t io n o p e r a t i o n s .
( C a f e t e r ia and r o u te w o r k e r s
2
The earnings of computer operators are not included in the wage trend computation tor this group.
A revised job description is being introduced in this survey which is not equivalent to the previous description.

a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u s t r ie s but in c lu d e d in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
in d u s t r i e s .)
In f in a n c e and in s u r a n c e , no w o r k e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d to b e
p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s . O f f i c e w o r k e r s in c lu d e w o r k in g s u p e r v is o r s and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s
(in c lu d in g le a d w o r k e r s and t r a i n e e s ) p e r f o r m in g
c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d o f f i c e fu n c t io n s in s u ch d e p a r tm e n ts as a c c o u n t in g ,
a d v e r t is in g , p u r c h a s in g , c o l l e c t i o n , c r e d i t , fin a n c e , le g a l, p a y r o l l , p e r s o n n e l,
s a l e s , in d u s t r ia l r e l a t i o n s , p u b lic r e la t io n s , e x e c u t iv e , o r t r a n s p o r t a t io n .
A d m in is t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and p a r t - t im e e m p lo y e e s as w e ll
as c o n s t r u c t io n w o r k e r s u t iliz e d as s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m
b o th th e p r o d u c t io n and o f f i c e w o r k e r c a t e g o r i e s .
M in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s (ta b le B - l ) . M in im u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s
f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s r e la t e o n ly to the e s ta b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . B e c a u s e o f th e
o p t im u m s a m p lin g t e c h n iq u e s u s e d and th e p r o b a b ilit y th a t l a r g e e s t a b l i s h ­
m e n ts a r e m o r e li k e l y th an s m a l l e s ta b lis h m e n ts to h a v e f o r m a l e n tr a n c e
r a t e s a b o v e th e s u b c l e r i c a l l e v e l , th e ta b le is m o r e r e p r e s e n t a t iv e o f p o l i c i e s
in m e d iu m and l a r g e e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
(T h e " X ' s " sh ow n u n d e r s ta n d a r d
w e e k ly h o u r s in d ic a t e th a t n o m e a n in g fu l to t a ls a r e a p p lic a b le .)
S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s — m a n u fa c tu r in g (ta b le B - Z ) . D ata w e r e c o l l e c t e d
on p o l i c i e s o f m a n u fa c t u r in g e s t a b lis h m e n t s r e g a r d in g p a y d if f e r e n t ia ls f o r
p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s on la t e s h if t s .
E s ta b lis h m e n ts c o n s i d e r e d as h av in g
p o l i c i e s a r e t h o s e w h ic h (1 ) h a v e p r o v is io n s in w r it in g c o v e r i n g th e o p e r a t io n
o f la te s h if t s , o r (2 ) h a v e o p e r a t e d la te s h ifts at any t im e d u rin g th e 12
m o n th s p r e c e d in g a s u r v e y . W h en e s t a b lis h m e n t s have s e v e r a l d if f e r e n t ia ls
w h ic h v a r y b y j o b , th e d i f f e r e n t ia l a p p ly in g to the m a jo r it y o f th e p r o d u c t io n
w o r k e r s is r e c o r d e d .
W h en e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v e d if f e r e n t ia ls w h ic h a p p ly
o n ly to c e r t a in h o u r s o f w o r k , th e d if f e r e n t ia l a p p ly in g to the m a j o r i t y o f
th e s h ift h o u r s i s r e c o r d e d .
F o r p u r p o s e s o f t h is s tu d y , a la te s h ift is e it h e r a s e c o n d (e v e n in g )
s h ift w h ic h e n d s at o r n e a r m id n ig h t o r a th ir d (nigh t) s h ift w h ic h s ta r t s at
o r n e a r m id n ig h t .
D if fe r e n t ia ls f o r s e c o n d and th ir d s h ifts a r e s u m m a r iz e d s e p a r a t e ly
f o r (1 ) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c i e s (an e s t a b lis h m e n t 's d if f e r e n t ia ls a r e w e ig h te d
b y a ll p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s in th e e s ta b lis h m e n t at the tim e o f th e s u r v e y )
and (2) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e s (an e s t a b lis h m e n t 's d if f e r e n t ia ls a r e w e ig h te d b y
p r o d u c t io n w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on th e s p e c i f i e d s h ift at the tim e o f th e s u r v e y ).
S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a t io n s ; and h e a lt h ,
in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p l a n s . P r o v i s i o n s w h ich a pp ly to a m a j o r it y o f th e
p r o d u c t io n o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t a r e c o n s i d e r e d to a p p ly to
a ll p r o d u c t io n o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in the e s t a b lis h m e n t ; a p r a c t i c e o r p r o v i s i o n
is c o n s i d e r e d n o n e x is t e n t w h e n it a p p lie s to l e s s than a m a j o r i t y .
H o lid a y s ;
v a c a t io n s ; and h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n plains a re c o n s i d e r e d a p p lic a b le
t o e m p lo y e e s c u r r e n t ly e l i g i b l e f o r the b e n e fit s as w e ll as to e m p lo y e e s w ho
w ill e v e n t u a lly b e c o m e e l i g i b l e .

w r it t e n f o r m o r e s t a b lis h e d b y c u s t o m ) . H o lid a y s a r e in c lu d e d e v e n th ou gh
in a p a r t ic u la r y e a r th e y f a l l o n a n o n w o r k d a y and e m p lo y e e s a r e n ot
g r a n te d a n o th e r d a y o f f .
P a id p e r s o n a l h o lid a y p la n s , t y p ic a lly fou n d in
th e a u t o m o b ile and r e la t e d in d u s t r ie s , a r e in c lu d e d as p a id h o lid a y s .
D ata a r e ta b u la te d to s h o w the p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r s w ho (1) a re
g r a n te d s p e c i f i c n u m b e r s o f w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s and (2) a re g ra n te d
s p e c ifie d
a m o u n ts o f to t a l h o lid a y t im e (w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s a r e
a g g r e g a t e d ).
P a id v a c a t io n s (ta b le B - 5 ) . E s t a b lis h m e n t s r e p o r t th e ir m e th o d o f
c a lc u la t in g v a c a t io n p a y (tim e b a s i s , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , f la t - s u m
p a y m e n t , e t c .) and th e a m ou n t o f v a c a t io n p a y g r a n te d .
O n ly b a s ic f o r m a l
p la n s a r e r e p o r t e d . V a c a t io n b o n u s e s , v a c a t io n - s a v in g s p la n s , and "e x t e n d e d "
o r " s a b b a t i c a l " b e n e fit s b e y o n d b a s i c p la n s a r e e x c lu d e d .
F o r ta b u la tin g v a c a t io n p a y g r a n te d , a ll p r o v i s i o n s a re e x p r e s s e d
on a tim e b a s i s .
V a c a tio n p a y c a lc u la t e d on o t h e r th an a tim e b a s is is
c o n v e r t e d to its e q u iv a le n t tim e p e r io d .
T w o p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s ,
f o r e x a m p le , is ta b u la te d as 1 w e e k 's v a c a t io n p a y .
A l s o , p r o v is io n s a ft e r e a c h s p e c i f i e d le n g th o f s e r v i c e a re r e la t e d
to a ll p r o d u c t io n o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t r e g a r d le s s o f len gth o f
s e r v i c e . V a c a tio n p la n s c o m m o n ly p r o v id e f o r a l a r g e r a m ou n t o f v a c a t io n
p a y as s e r v i c e le n g th e n s . C ou n ts o f p r o d u c t io n o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s b y len gth
o f s e r v i c e w e r e n ot o b ta in e d .
T h e ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a t io n p a y g ra n te d
p r e s e n t , t h e r e f o r e , s t a t is t ic a l m e a s u r e s o f t h e s e p r o v is io n s r a th e r than
p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s a c tu a lly r e c e iv in g s p e c i f i c b e n e f it s .
H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s (ta b le s B - 6 and B - 7 ) . H ealth ,
i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s in c lu d e p la n s f o r w h ic h the e m p lo y e r p a y s
e it h e r a ll o r p a r t o f th e c o s t .
T h e c o s t m a y b e (1 ) u n d e r w r itte n b y a
c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a t io n , (2 ) c o v e r e d b y a
u n ion fund to w h ic h the e m p lo y e r has c o n t r ib u t e d , o r (3) b o r n e d ir e c t ly by
th e e m p lo y e r ou t o f o p e r a t in g fun ds o r a fun d s e t a s id e to c o v e r th e c o s t .
A p la n is in c lu d e d e v e n th ou g h a m a j o r i t y o f the e m p lo y e e s in an e s t a b lis h ­
m e n t do n o t c h o o s e to p a r t ic ip a t e in it b e c a u s e th e y a r e r e q u ir e d to b e a r
p a r t o f its c o s t ( p r o v id e d th e c h o ic e to p a r t ic ip a t e is a v a ila b le o r w ill
e v e n tu a lly b e c o m e a v a ila b le to a m a j o r i t y ) . L e g a lly r e q u ir e d plains s u c h as
s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , r a ilr o a d r e t ir e m e n t , w o r k e r s ' d is a b ilit y c o m p e n s a t io n , and
t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e 3 a r e e x c lu d e d .
3
Temporary disability insurance which provides benefits to covered workers disabled by injury or illness
which is not work-connected is mandatory under State laws in California, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode
Island. Establishment plans which meet only the legal requirements are excluded from these data, but those
under which (1) employers contribute more than is legally required or (2) benefits exceed those specified in the
State law are included. In Rhode Island, benefits are paid out of a State fund to which only employees
contribute. In each of the other three States, benefits are paid either from a State fund or through a private plan.
State fund financing; In California, only employees contribute to the State fund; in New Jersey,
employees and employers contribute; in New York, employees contribute up to a specified maximum
and employers pay the difference between the employees' share and the total contribution required.

S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s and d a ys (ta b le B - 3 ) . S c h e d u le d w e e k ly
h o u r s and d a y s r e f e r to th e n u m b e r o f h o u r s and da ys p e r w e e k w h ic h f u l l ­
t im e f i r s t (d a y ) s h ift w o r k e r s a r e e x p e c t e d to w o r k , w h e t h e r p a id f o r at
s t r a ig h t - t im e o r o v e r t i m e r a t e s .

Private plan financing: In California and New Jersey, employees cannot be required to contribute
more than they would if they were covered by the State fund; in New York, employees can agree
to contribute more if the State rules that the additional contribution is commensurate with the
benefit provided.

P a id h o lid a y s (ta b le B - 4 ) . H o lid a y s a r e in c lu d e d i f w o r k e r s w ho
a r e n o t r e q u ir e d to w o r k a r e p a id f o r the tim e o f f and th o s e r e q u ir e d to
w o r k r e c e i v e p r e m iu m p a y o r c o m p e n s a t o r y tim e o ff.
T h e y a r e in c lu d e d
o n ly i f th e y a r e g r a n t e d a n n u a lly on a f o r m a l b a s is
( p r o v id e d f o r in




Federal legislation ( Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act) provides temporary disability insurance benefits
to railroad workers for illness or injury, whether work-connected or not. The legislation requires that employers
bear the entire cost of the insurance.

25

L if e in s u r a n c e in c lu d e s f o r m a l p la n s p r o v id in g in d e m n it y (u s u a lly
th ro u g h an in s u r a n c e p o l i c y ) in c a s e o f d ea th o f th e c o v e r e d w o r k e r .
I n fo r m a tio n is a ls o p r o v id e d in ta b le B - 7 on ty p e s o f li f e in s u r a n c e p la n s
and th e a m o u n t o f c o v e r a g e ii> a ll in d u s t r ie s c o m b in e d and in m a n u fa c tu r in g .
A c c id e n t a l d ea th and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e is lim it e d to p la n s
w h ic h p r o v i d e b e n e fit p a y m e n ts in c a s e o f d e a th o r l o s s o f lim b o r s ig h t as a
d ir e c t r e s u lt o f an a c c id e n t .

L a b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g re e m e n t c o v e r a g e
T h e fo llo w in g ta b u la tio n s h o w s th e p e r c e n t o f f u l l - t i m e p r o d u c t io n
and o f f i c e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e Y o r k a r e a in w h ic h a
u nion c o n t r a c t o r c o n t r a c t s c o v e r e d a m a j o r i t y o f the w o r k e r s in th e
r e s p e c t i v e c a t e g o r i e s , F e b r u a r y 1978:

S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e in c lu d e s o n ly t h o s e p la n s w h ich
p r o v id e th at p r e d e t e r m in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts b e m a d e d i r e c t l y to e m p lo y e e s
w h o l o s e t im e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s o r in ju r y , e . g . , $ 50 a w e e k
f o r up to 26 w e e k s o f d is a b ilit y .
S ic k le a v e p la n s a r e lim it e d to f o r m a l p l a n s 4 w h ic h p r o v id e f o r
co n tin u in g an e m p l o y e e 's p a y d u rin g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s .
D ata c o l l e c t e d d is t in g u is h b e tw e e n (1) p la n s w h ic h p r o v id e fu ll p a y w ith no
w a itin g p e r i o d , and (2) p la n s w h ic h e it h e r p r o v id e p a r t ia l p a y o r r e q u ir e a
w a itin g p e r i o d .
L o n g - t e r m d is a b ilit y in s u r a n c e p la n s p r o v id e p a y m e n ts to t o t a lly
d is a b le d e m p lo y e e s upon th e e x p ir a t io n o f t h e ir p a id s i c k le a v e a n d / o r s i c k ­
n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e , o r a ft e r a p r e d e t e r m in e d p e r i o d o f d is a b ilit y
(t y p ic a lly 6 m o n t h s ). P a y m e n t s a r e m a d e u n til th e en d o f th e d is a b ilit y , a
m a x im u m a g e , o r e l i g i b i l i t y f o r r e t ir e m e n t b e n e f it s .
F u ll o r p a r t ia l p a y ­
m e n ts a r e a lm o s t a lw a y s r e d u c e d b y s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , w o r k e r s ' d is a b ilit y
c o m p e n s a t io n , and p r iv a t e p e n s io n b e n e f it s p a y a b le to th e d is a b le d e m p lo y e e .
H o s p it a liz a t io n , s u r g i c a l , and m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e p la n s r e p o r t e d
in t h e s e s u r v e y s p r o v id e fu ll o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t f o r b a s i c s e r v i c e s r e n d e r e d .
H o s p it a liz a t io n in s u r a n c e c o v e r s h o s p it a l r o o m and b o a r d and m a y c o v e r
o th e r h o s p it a l e x p e n s e s . S u r g ic a l in s u r a n c e c o v e r s s u r g e o n s ' f e e s . M e d ic a l
in s u r a n c e c o v e r s d o c t o r s ' f e e s f o r h o m e , o f f i c e , o r h o s p it a l c a l l s .
P la n s
r e s t r i c t e d to p o s t - o p e r a t i v e m e d i c a l c a r e o r a d o c t o r 's c a r e f o r m in o r
a ilm e n ts
at a w o r k e r 's p la c e o f e m p lo y m e n t a r e n ot c o n s i d e r e d to b e
m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e .
M a jo r m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e c o v e r a g e a p p lie s to s e r v i c e s w h ic h go
b e y o n d th e b a s i c s e r v i c e s c o v e r e d u n d e r h o s p it a liz a t io n , s u r g i c a l , and
m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e .
M a jo r m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e t y p i c a l l y (1 ) r e q u ir e s th at a
" d e d u c t i b l e " ( e . g . , $ 5 0 ) b e m e t b e f o r e b e n e fit s b e g in , (2) h as a c o in s u r a n c e
fe a t u r e th at r e q u ir e s th e in s u r e d to p a y a p o r t io n ( e . g . , 20 p e r c e n t ) o f
c e r t a in e x p e n s e s , and (3 ) h as a s p e c i f i e d d o ll a r m a x im u m o f b e n e fit s ( e . g . ,
$ 10, 000 a y e a r ) .

O f f ic e w o r k e r s

50
52
39
85

14
20
3
16

A ll in d u s t r ie s _________________
M a n u fa c tu r in g ____________
N o n m a n u g a ctu rin g _______
P u b lic u t i l i t i e s ------------

A n e s ta b lis h m e n t is c o n s i d e r e d t o h a v e a c o n t r a c t c o v e r i n g a ll
p r o d u c t io n o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s is c o v e r e d b y a
la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t .
T h e r e f o r e , a ll o t h e r p r o d u c t io n o r o f f i c e
w o r k e r s a r e e m p lo y e d in e s t a b lis h m e n t s that e it h e r do n o t h av e l a b o r m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s in e f f e c t , o r h a v e c o n t r a c t s th at a p p ly to f e w e r th an
h a lf o f t h e ir p r o d u c t io n o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s .
E s t im a t e s a r e n ot n e c e s s a r i l y
r e p r e s e n t a t iv e o f the e x ten t to w h ic h a ll w o r k e r s in th e a r e a m a y b e
c o v e r e d b y the p r o v is io n s o f l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t s , b e c a u s e s m a ll
e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d and th e in d u s t r ia l s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y is lim it e d .

In d u s t r ia l c o m p o s it io n in m a n u fa c tu r in g
A lm o s t t h r e e - fo u r t h s o f th e w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y
in th e Y o r k a r e a w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g f i r m s .
T h e f o llo w in g
p r e s e n t s th e m a j o r in d u s t r y g r o u p s and s p e c i f i c in d u s t r ie s as a p e r c e n t o f
a ll m a n u fa c tu r in g :

D e n ta l in s u r a n c e p la n s p r o v id e n o r m a l d en ta l s e r v i c e b e n e f it s ,
u s u a lly f o r f i l l i n g s , e x t r a c t i o n s , and X - r a y s . P la n s w h ic h p r o v id e b e n e fit s
o n ly f o r o r a l s u r g e r y o r r e p a ir in g a c c id e n t d a m a g e a r e n ot r e p o r t e d .
R e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s p r o v id e f o r r e g u la r p a y m e n t s to the
r e tir e e fo r life .
I n c lu d e d a r e d e f e r r e d p r o f i t - s h a r i n g p la n s w h ic h p r o v id e
th e o p t io n o f p u r c h a s in g a lif e t im e a n n u ity.
4
An establishment is considered as having a formal plan if it specifies at least the minimum number
of days of sick leave available to each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave
allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded.




P r o d u c t io n and
r e la t e d w o r k e r s

In d u s try g r o u p s

S p e c i f i c in d u s t r ie s

M a c h in e r y , e x c e p t
e l e c t r i c a l _____________________ 22
A p p a r e l and o t h e r t e x t ile
p r o d u c t s ----------------------------------8
F a b r ic a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s
8
F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c t s
7
E l e c t r i c and e l e c t r o n i c
e q u ip m e n t_____________________
7
T e x t ile m i l l p r o d u c t s _________
6
P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c t s ____ 6
P r in t in g and p u b lis h in g _______ 6
L e a t h e r and le a th e r
p r o d u c t s _______________________
5
T r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t ___ 5

C o n s t r u c t io n and r e la t e d
m a c h i n e r y _______________________ 8
R e f r i g e r a t i o n and s e r v i c e
m a c h i n e r y _______________________ 6
F o o t w e a r , e x c e p t r u b b e r ______ 5
E l e c t r i c lig h tin g and
w ir in g e q u ip m e n t______________ 5

T h is in fo r m a t io n is b a s e d o n e s t im a t e s o f t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t d e r iv e d
f r o m u n iv e r s e m a t e r ia ls
c o m p ile d b e f o r e a c tu a l s u r v e y .
P r o p o r t i o n s in
v a r io u s in d u s try d iv is io n s m a y d i f f e r f r o m p r o p o r t i o n s b a s e d o n th e r e s u lt s
o f th e s u r v e y as sh ow n in a p p e n d ix t a b le 1.

Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in York, Pa., February 1978
Workers in establishments

Number of establishments
Industry division 2

Minimum
employment
in establish­
ments in scope
of study

Within scope of study
Within scope
of study 3

Studied
Studied

Total4
Number

Percent

Full- time
production and
related workers

Full-tim e
office workers

Total4

ALL DIVISIONS ----- ---------------------------------------------------

_

321

127

71,891

100

98,693

8,531

97,108

MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------------------------------TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATION. AND
OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES5 -----------------------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE
-----------------------------------------------------------RETAIL TRADE
------------------------------------------------------------FINANCE, INSURANCE. AND REAL ESTATE
------------SERVICES7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------

50
~

192
129

62
65

53.612
18 * 2 7 9

75
25

90,561
8*082

5* 4 45
3,0 8 6

39,970
1 2 *6 3 8

50
50
50
50
50

22
17
55
13
22

18
7
23
7
10

4* 4 7 8
1* 6 00
8,115
1* 8 97
2,189

6
2
11
3
3

2.6 81

598

9.1 80
1* 04 5
5,317
1.138
958

1 The York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the Office of Management
and Budget through February 1974, consists of Adams and York Counties. The "workers within
scope of study" estimates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate description of the size
and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for
comparison with other employment indexes to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning
of wage surveys requires establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period
studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from scope of the survey.
2 The 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used to classify estab­
lishments by industry division. However, all government operations are excluded from the scope
of the survey.
3 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. All
outlets (within the area) of companies in industries such as trade, finance, auto repair service, and
motion picture theaters are considered as one establishment.




( 6>
( 6>
( 6>
< 6>

6
6

( >
( 6>
( >
( 6>

4 Includes executive, professional, part-tim e, and other workers excluded from the separate
production and office categories.
5 Abbreviated to "public utilities" in the A - and B -series tables. Taxicabs and services inci­
dental to water transportation are excluded.
6 Separate presentation of data is not made for this division.
7 Hotels and m otels; laundries and other personal services; business services; automobile
repair, rental, and parking; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations (excluding religious
and charitable organizations); and engineering and architectural services.

27

Appendix B.
Occupational
Descriptions
T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r th e
B u r e a u 's w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t it s f i e l d s t a f f in c la s s if y in g in to
a p p r o p r ia t e o c c u p a t io n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p lo y e d u n d e r a v a r ie t y o f
p a y r o ll t i t le s and d if f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b lis h m e n t to
e s t a b lis h m e n t and f r o m a r e a t o a r e a .
T h is p e r m it s th e g r o u p in g o f
o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t in g c o m p a r a b le jo b c o n te n t.
B eca u se
o f th is e m p h a s is on in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t and in t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b ilit y
o f o c c u p a t io n a l c o n te n t, th e B u r e a u 's jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g ­
n ific a n t ly f r o m t h o s e in u se in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e ­
p a re d fo r o th e r p u r p o s e s .
In a p p ly in g t h e s e jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s , the
B u r e a u 's f i e l d e c o n o m is t s a r e in s t r u c t e d to e x c lu d e w o r k in g s u p e r ­
v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t ic e s ; and p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a t io n a r y w o r k e r s .
H a n d ic a p p e d w o r k e r s
w h o s e e a r n in g s a r e r e d u c e d b e c a u s e o f t h e ir
h a n d ic a p a r e a ls o e x c lu d e d . L e a r n e r s , b e g i n n e r s , and t r a i n e e s , u n le s s
s p e c i f i c a l l y in c lu d e d in th e jo b d e s c r i p t i o n , a r e e x c lu d e d .

Office
S E C R E T A R Y — C on tin u ed

SECRETARY

E x c l u s io n s — C on tin u ed

A s s ig n e d a s a p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a lly to o n e in d iv id u a l.
M a in ta in s a c l o s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s iv e r e la t io n s h ip to th e d a y - t o - d a y a c t i v ­
it ie s o f th e s u p e r v i s o r . W o r k s f a i r l y in d e p e n d e n tly r e c e i v i n g a m in im u m o f
d e t a ile d s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n c e . P e r f o r m s v a r i e d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l
d u tie s
r e q u ir in g a k n o w le d g e o f o f f i c e r o u tin e and u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e
o r g a n iz a t i o n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e la t e d to th e w o r k o f th e s u p e r v i s o r .
E x c l u s io n s
N ot a ll p o s it io n s th at a r e t it le d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s th e a b o v e
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . E x a m p le s o f p o s it io n s w h ic h a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e d e fin itio n
a re as f o l l o w s :




a.

P o s it io n s w h ich do n ot
d e s c r ib e d above;

m e e t th e

"p e r s o n a l"

b.

S t e n o g r a p h e r s n ot fu lly t r a in e d in s e c r e t a r i a l - t y p e d u tie s ;

c.

S t e n o g r a p h e r s s e r v in g as o f f i c e a s s is t a n t s
f e s s io n a l, t e c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n s ;

d.

A s s is t a n t - t y p e p o s it io n s w h ic h e n ta il m o r e d if f ic u l t o r m o r e r e ­
s p o n s ib le t e c h n ic a l, a d m in is t r a t iv e , o r s u p e r v i s o r y d u tie s w h ic h
a r e n ot t y p i c a l 'o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k , e . g . , A d m in is t r a t i v e A s s i s t ­
ant, o r E x e c u tiv e A s s is t a n t ;

L is t e d b e lo w a r e s e v e r a l o c c u p a t io n s f o r w h ic h r e v i s e d d e s c r ip t io n s o r t i t le s a r e b e in g in t r o d u c e d
in th is s u r v e y :
G u a rd
S h ip p e r and r e c e i v e r
( p r e v io u s ly s u r v e y e d
as sh ip p in g and
r e c e iv in g c l e r k )
T r u c k d r iv e r

O r d e r c le r k
P a y r o l l c le r k
S ecreta ry
K e y e n tr y o p e r a t o r
T r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e ty p is t
C om p u ter o p e r a t o r

T h e B u r e a u h as d is c o n t in u e d c o lle c t in g da ta f o r ta b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r .
c l a s s i f i e d as w a tc h m e n a r e n ow c l a s s i f i e d as g u a rd s u n d e r th e r e v is e d d e s c r i p t i o n .

28

W o r k e r s p r e v io u s ly

secreta ry

to

a grou p

con cept

of p ro­

S E C R E T A R Y — C o n tin u e d

S E C R E T A R Y — C on tin u ed

E x c l u s i o n s — C o n tin u e d

C l a s s if ic a t io n b y L e v e l— C o n tin u e d

e.

P o s it io n s w h ic h d o n ot fit any o f the s itu a tio n s lis t e d in the
s e c t i o n s b e lo w t i t le d ''L e v e l o f S u p e r v i s o r , " e . g . , s e c r e t a r y to the
p r e s id e n t o f a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ;

f.

T r a in e e s .

C la s s ific a t io n by L e v e l

LS—4

S e c r e t a r y jo b s w h ic h m e e t th e a b o v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e m a t c h e d at
o n e o f f iv e l e v e l s a c c o r d i n g to (a) th e l e v e l o f th e s e c r e t a r y 's s u p e r v i s o r
w ith in th e c o m p a n y 's o r g a n iz a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e and, (b) th e l e v e l o f th e
s e c r e t a r y 's r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . T h e c h a r t fo llo w in g th e e x p la n a tio n s o f t h e s e tw o
f a c t o r s in d ic a t e s th e l e v e l o f th e s e c r e t a r y f o r e a c h c o m b in a tio n o f the
fa c to r s .

e.

S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d o f a la r g e and im p o r t a n t o r g a n iz a tio n a l
s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m id d le m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v i s o r o f an o r g a n i­
z a t io n a l s e g m e n t o fte n in v o lv in g as m a n y as s e v e r a l h u n d re d
p e r s o n s ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s .

a.

S e c r e t a r y to th e c h a ir m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a c o m p a n y
th at e m p lo y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r

b.

S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o t h e r th an th e ch a ir m a n o f
th e b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p lo y s , in a ll,
o v e r 5, 000 but f e w e r than 25, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r

c.

S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d , im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w th e c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r
l e v e l , o f a m a j o r s e g m e n t o r s u b s id ia r y o f a c o m p a n y that
e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s .

L iev el o f S e c r e t a r y 's S u p e r v i s o r (L S )
S e c r e t a r i e s s h o u ld b e m a t c h e d at on e o f the fo u r LS l e v e l s d e s c r i b e d
b e lo w a c c o r d i n g t o th e l e v e l o f th e s e c r e t a r y ’ s s u p e r v is o r w ith in th e c o m p a n y
o r g a n iz a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e .
LS—1

LS—2

a.

S e c r e t a r y to th e s u p e r v i s o r o r h e a d o f a s m a ll
unit ( e . g . , f e w e r th a n a bou t 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; o r

b.

S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s ta ff s p e c i a l i s t , p r o f e s s i o n a l
e m p l o y e e , a d m in is t r a t iv e o f f i c e r o r a s s is t a n t , s k ille d t e c h n ic ia n
o r ex p e rt.
(N O T E :
M a n y c o m p a n ie s a s s ig n s t e n o g r a p h e r s ,
r a t h e r th a n s e c r e t a r i e s as d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , to th is l e v e l o f
s u p e r v i s o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r .)

a.

S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u t iv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n ­
s ib i l i t y is n o t e q u iv a le n t to o n e o f th e s p e c i f i c le v e l s itu a tio n s in
th e d e fin it io n f o r LS—3 , but w h o s e o r g a n iz a t io n a l unit n o r m a lly
n u m b e r s at le a s t s e v e r a l d o z e n e m p lo y e e s and is u s u a lly d iv id e d
in to o r g a n iz a t i o n a l s e g m e n ts w h ich a r e o fte n , in t u r n , f u r t h e r
s u b d iv id e d . In s o m e c o m p a n ie s , th is le v e l in c lu d e s a w id e ra n g e
o f o r g a n iz a t i o n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o t h e r s , o n ly on e o r tw o ; o r

J_.evel o f S e c r e t a r y 's R e s p o n s ib ilit y (L R )

S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y , e t c . , (o r
o t h e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, f e w e r
th an 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s .

L e v e l o f R e s p o n s ib ilit y 1 (L R —1)

b.

LS—3

o r g a n iz a t io n a l

N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r " u s e d in the a b o v e LS d e f ­
in itio n r e f e r s to t h o s e o f f i c i a l s w ho h a v e a s ig n ific a n t c o r p o r a t e w id e p o l i c y ­
m a k in g r o le w ith r e g a r d to m a j o r c o m p a n y a c t i v i t i e s .
T h e title " v ic e
p r e s i d e n t , " th ou g h n o r m a lly in d ic a t iv e o f th is r o l e , d o e s n ot in a ll c a s e s
id e n tify s u c h p o s it io n s . V i c e p r e s id e n t s w h o s e p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y is to
a ct p e r s o n a lly on in d iv id u a l c a s e s o r t r a n s a c t io n s ( e . g . , a p p r o v e o r den y
in d iv id u a l lo a n o r c r e d i t a c t i o n s ; a d m in is t e r in d iv id u a l t r u s t a c c o u n t s ; d i ­
r e c t l y s u p e r v is e a c l e r i c a l s ta ff) a r e n ot c o n s i d e r e d to b e " c o r p o r a t e
o f f i c e r s " f o r p u r p o s e s o f a p p ly in g th e d e fin itio n .

a.

S e c r e t a r y t o th e c h a ir m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a c o m p a n y
th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r th an 100 p e r s o n s ; o r

b.

S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o th e r th an c h a ir m a n o f th e
b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100
but f e w e r th a n 5 , 000 p e r s o n s ; o r

c.

d.

S e c r e t a r y to th e h e a d (im m e d ia t e ly b e lo w th e o f f i c e r le v e l) o v e r
e it h e r a m a j o r c o r p o r a t e w id e fu n c tio n a l a c t iv it y ( e . g . , m a r k e t in g ,
r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t i o n s , in d u s t r ia l r e la t io n s , e t c .) o r a m a j o r
g e o g r a p h ic o r o r g a n iz a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a r e g io n a l h e a d q u a r ­
t e r s ; a m a j o r d iv is io n ) o f a co m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in a ll,
o v e r 5, 000 b u t f e w e r than 2 5 , 000 e m p lo y e e s ; o r
S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d o f
( o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t le v e l
o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r




T h is f a c t o r e v a lu a te s th e n a tu r e o f th e w o r k r e la t io n s h ip b e tw e e n
th e s e c r e t a r y and th e s u p e r v i s o r , and th e e x te n t to w h ic h the s e c r e t a r y is
e x p e c t e d to e x e r c i s e in itia t iv e and ju d g m e n t. S e c r e t a r i e s s h o u ld b e m a tc h e d
at L R —1 o r L R —2 d e s c r i b e d b e lo w a c c o r d in g to t h e ir l e v e l o f r e s p o n s ib ilit y .

P e r f o r m s v a r i e d s e c r e t a r i a l d u tie s in c lu d in g o r
o f th e f o llo w in g :
a.

A n sw e rs te le p h o n e s ,
c o m in g m a il.

b.

A n s w e r s t e le p h o n e r e q u e s t s w h ic h h a v e s ta n d a r d a n s w e r s .
r e p ly to r e q u e s t s b y s e n d in g a f o r m le t t e r .

c.

R e v ie w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d a , and r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d b y
o t h e r s f o r th e s u p e r v i s o r 's s ig n a t u r e to e n s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and
t y p o g r a p h ic a l a c c u r a c y .

d.

M a in ta in s s u p e r v i s o r 's
in s t r u c t e d .

e.

T y p e s , ta k e s and t r a n s c r i b e s d ic t a t io n , and f i l e s .

an in d iv id u a l p la n t, f a c t o r y , e t c . ,
o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p l o y s , in a ll,

g reets

person al

c o m p a r a b le to m o s t

c a le n d a r

and

c a lle r s ,

m akes

and

opens

a p p o in tm e n ts

in ­

M ay

as

S E C R E T A R Y — C o n tin u e d

S T E N O G R A P H E R — C on tin u ed

L e v e l o f R e s p o n s ib ilit y 2 (L R —2)

S t e n o g r a p h e r , S e n io r

P e r f o r m s d u tie s d e s c r i b e d u n d e r L R —1 a n d , in a d d itio n p e r f o r m s
ta s k s r e q u ir in g g r e a t e r ju d g m e n t , in it ia t iv e , and k n o w le d g e o f o f f i c e fu n c tio n s
in c lu d in g o r c o m p a r a b le t o m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g :

D icta tio n in v o lv e s a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u la r y
s u c h as in le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s o n s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o s e t up
and m a in ta in f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , e t c .

a.

S c r e e n s t e le p h o n e and p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , d e t e r m in in g w h ic h can
b e h a n d le d b y th e s u p e r v i s o r 's s u b o r d in a t e s o r o t h e r o f f i c e s .

OR

b.

A n s w e r s r e q u e s t s w h ic h r e q u ir e a d e t a ile d k n o w le d g e o f o f ­
f i c e p r o c e d u r e s o r c o l l e c t i o n o f in fo r m a t io n f r o m
file s o r
o th e r o ffic e s .
M a y s ig n r o u tin e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e in ow n o r
s u p e r v i s o r 's n a m e .

c.

C o m p ile s o r a s s i s t s in c o m p ilin g p e r i o d i c
o f g e n e r a l i n s t r u c t io n s .

d.

S c h e d u le s t e n ta t iv e a p p o in tm e n ts w ith ou t p r i o r c l e a r a n c e .
A s­
s e m b le s n e c e s s a r y b a c k g r o u n d m a t e r i a l f o r s c h e d u le d m e e t in g s .
M a k e s a r r a n g e m e n t s f o r m e e t in g s and c o n f e r e n c e s .

P e r f o r m s s te n o g r a p h ic d u tie s r e q u ir in g s ig n ific a n t l y g r e a t e r in ­
d e p e n d e n c e and r e s p o n s ib ilit y th an s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l, as e v id e n c e d b y
th e fo llo w in g :
W o r k r e q u ir e s a h ig h d e g r e e o f s t e n o g r a p h ic s p e e d and
a c c u r a c y ; a th o r o u g h w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s in e s s a nd o f f i c e p r o ­
c e d u r e ; and o f th e s p e c i f i c b u s in e s s o p e r a t i o n s , o r g a n iz a t i o n , p o l i c i e s ,
p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o r k f lo w , e t c . U s e s th is k n o w le d g e in p e r f o r m i n g s t e n o ­
g r a p h ic d u ties and r e s p o n s ib le c l e r i c a l t a s k s s u c h a s m a in ta in in g f o l l o w ­
up f i l e s ; a s s e m b lin g m a t e r ia l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d a , and l e t t e r s ; c o m ­
p o s in g s im p le le t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l in s t r u c t i o n s ; r e a d in g and ro u tin g in c o m in g
m a i l ; and a n s w e r in g rou tin e q u e s t io n s , e t c .

e.

E x p la in s s u p e r v i s o r 's r e q u ir e m e n t s t o o t h e r e m p lo y e e s in s u p e r ­
v i s o r 's u nit. ( A ls o t y p e s , ta k e s d ic t a t io n , and f i l e s . )

r e p o r t s on th e b a s is

T h e fo llo w in g ta b u la tio n s h o w s th e l e v e l o f th e s e c r e t a r y f o r e a c h
LS and L R c o m b in a t io n :

L e v e l o f s e c r e t a r y 's
______ s u p e r v i s o r ______

P r i m a r y duty is to ty p e c o p y o f v o i c e r e c o r d e d d ic t a t io n w h ic h d o e s
n ot in v o lv e v a r ie d t e c h n ic a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u la r y s u c h as th at u s e d in
le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r it te n
c o p y . M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , k e e p s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e la t iv e ly
r o u tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s .
(S ee S t e n o g r a p h e r d e fin it io n f o r w o r k e r s in v o lv e d
w ith s h o rth a n d d ic ta tio n .)

L e v e l o f s e c r e t a r y 's r e s p o n s ib ilit y
T Y P IS T
L R —1

LS—1.
LS—2.
LS—3.
LS—4.

T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T

C la s s
C la s s
C la s s
C la s s

E
D
C
B

L R —2
C la s s
C la s s
C la s s
C la s s

D
C
B
A

STEN OGRAPH ER
P r i m a r y du ty is to ta k e d ic t a t io n u s in g s h o r th a n d , and to t r a n s c r i b e
th e d ic t a t io n .
M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r it t e n c o p y .
M ay o p e ra te fr o m a
s t e n o g r a p h ic p o o l .
M a y o c c a s i o n a l l y t r a n s c r i b e f r o m v o i c e r e c o r d i n g s (if
p r im a r y du ty is t r a n s c r i b i n g f r o m r e c o r d i n g s , s e e T r a n s c r ib in g - M a c h in e
T y p is t ) .
N O T E : T h is j o b is d is t in g u is h e d f r o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in th a t a
s e c r e t a r y n o r m a l l y w o r k s in a c o n fid e n t ia l r e la t io n s h ip w ith o n ly o n e m a n a g e r
o r e x e c u t iv e and p e r f o r m s m o r e r e s p o n s ib le and d i s c r e t i o n a r y ta s k s as
d e s c r i b e d in th e s e c r e t a r y j o b d e fin it io n .

U s e s a t y p e w r it e r to m a k e c o p i e s o f v a r io u s m a t e r i a l s o r t o m a k e
ou t b i l l s a ft e r c a lc u la t io n s h a v e b e e n m a d e b y a n o t h e r p e r s o n . M a y in c lu d e
ty p in g o f s t e n c i l s , m a t s , o r s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s f o r u s e in d u p lic a t in g
processes.
M ay do c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o lv in g lit t le s p e c i a l t r a in in g , s u c h
as k e e p in g s im p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r t i n g and
d is t r ib u t in g in c o m in g m a il.
C la s s A . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o llo w in g ; T y p in g m a t e r ia l
in fin a l f o r m w h en it in v o lv e s c o m b in in g m a t e r i a l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r
r e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r c o r r e c t s p e llin g , s y l l a b i c a t i o n , p u n c tu a tio n , e t c . , o f t e c h ­
n i c a l o r u n u su a l w o r d s o r f o r e i g n la n g u a g e m a t e r i a l ; o r p la n n in g la y o u t
and ty p in g o f c o m p lic a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l t a b le s to m a in ta in u n if o r m it y and
b a la n c e in s p a c in g .
M a y ty p e r o u tin e f o r m l e t t e r s , v a r y in g d e t a ils to s u it
c ir c u m s ta n c e s .
C la s s B . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g : C o p y ty p in g f r o m
r o u g h o r c l e a r d r a ft s ; o r r o u tin e ty p in g o f f o r m s , in s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c . ;
o r s e tt in g up s im p le s ta n d a r d t a b u la t io n s ; o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p le x t a b le s
a lr e a d y s e t up and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y .
F IL E C LE R K

S ten og ra p h er, G en era l

keep

D ic t a t io n in v o lv e s a n o r m a l r o u tin e v o c a b u la r y . M a y m a in ta in f i l e s ,
s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y r o u tin e c l e r i c a l t a s k s .




F i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s , and r e t r i e v e s m a t e r i a l in an e s t a b lis h e d f ilin g
s y s t e m . M a y p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d t o m a in ta in f i l e s .
P o s i t i o n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d in to l e v e ls o n th e b a s i s o f th e f o llo w in g d e f in it io n s .

F I L E C L E R K — C o n tin u e d

O R D E R C L E R K — C o n tin u e d

C la s s A . C l a s s i f i e s and in d e x e s f ile m a t e r ia l s u c h as c o r r e s p o n d ­
e n c e , r e p o r t s , t e c h n i c a l d o c u m e n t s , e t c . , in an e s t a b lis h e d f ilin g s y s t e m
c o n ta in in g a n u m b e r o f v a r i e d s u b je c t m a t t e r f i l e s .
M a y a ls o f i l e th is
m a t e r i a l . M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p e s in c o n ju n c t io n w ith the f i l e s .
M a y le a d a s m a ll g r o u p o f lo w e r l e v e l f ile c l e r k s .

a d e q u a c y o f in fo r m a t io n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r t a in in g c r e d i t ra tin g o f c u s t o m e r ;
fu r n is h in g c u s t o m e r w ith a c k n o w le d g e m e n t o f r e c e i p t o f o r d e r ; f o llo w in g -u p
to s e e th at o r d e r is d e l i v e r e d b y th e s p e c i f i e d date o r to le t c u s t o m e r kn ow
o f a d e la y in d e l i v e r y ; m a in ta in in g o r d e r f i l e ; c h e c k in g sh ip p in g in v o ic e
a g a in s t o r i g i n a l o r d e r .

C la s s B . S o r t s , c o d e s , and f ile s u n c la s s ifi e d m a t e r i a l b y s im p le
( s u b je c t m a t t e r ) h e a d in g s o r p a r t ly c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r ia l b y f i n e r s u b h e a d in g s .
P r e p a r e s s im p le r e la t e d in d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s .
A s req u ested ,
lo c a t e s c l e a r l y id e n t i f ie d m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r ia l. M a y p e r ­
f o r m r e la t e d c l e r i c a l t a s k s r e q u i r e d to m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s .

E x c lu d e w o r k e r s p a id on a c o m m i s s i o n b a s is o r w h o s e d u tie s in c lu d e
any o f th e f o llo w in g : R e c e iv in g o r d e r s f o r s e r v i c e s r a th e r th an f o r m a t e r ia l
o r m e r c h a n d is e ; p r o v id in g c u s t o m e r s w ith c o n s u lt a t iv e a d v i c e u sin g k n o w l­
e d g e g a in e d f r o m e n g in e e r in g o r e x t e n s iv e t e c h n ic a l tr a in in g ; e m p h a s iz in g
s e llin g s k i l l s ; h a n d lin g m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e as an in t e g r a l p a rt o f the jo b .

C la s s C . P e r f o r m s r o u tin e filin g o f m a t e r ia l th at h a s a lr e a d y b e e n
c l a s s i f i e d o r w h ic h i s e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s im p le s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
sy ste m
( e . g . , a lp h a b e t ic a l, c h r o n o l o g i c a l , o r n u m e r ic a l).
A s req u ested ,
lo c a t e s r e a d il y a v a ila b le m a t e r i a l in f ile s and fo r w a r d s m a t e r ia l; and m a y
f i l l ou t w ith d r a w a l c h a r g e . M a y p e r f o r m s im p le c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l ta s k s
r e q u i r e d to m a in ta in an d s e r v i c e f i l e s .

P o s it io n s
d e fin it io n s :

M ESSENGER
P e r f o r m s v a r io u s r o u tin e d u tie s s u c h as ru nn ing e r r a n d s , o p e r a t in g
m i n o r o f f i c e m a c h in e s s u c h as s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , op en in g and d is t r ib u t in g
m a i l , and o t h e r m i n o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . E x c lu d e p o s it io n s that r e q u ir e o p e r a t io n
o f a m o t o r v e h i c l e as a s ig n ific a n t du ty.

are

c la s s ifie d

in to

le v e l s

a c c o r d in g

to

the

fo llo w in g

C la s s A .
H a n d le s o r d e r s th at in v o lv e m a k in g ju d g m e n ts su ch as
c h o o s in g w h ic h s p e c i f i c p r o d u c t o r m a t e r i a l f r o m th e e s t a b lis h m e n t 's p r o d u c t
lin e s w ill s a t is f y th e c u s t o m e r 's n e e d s , o r d e t e r m in in g th e p r i c e to be q u o te d
w h en p r i c i n g in v o lv e s m o r e than m e r e l y r e f e r r i n g to a p r i c e lis t o r m a k in g
s o m e s im p le m a t h e m a t ic a l c a lc u la t io n s .
C la s s B . H a n d le s o r d e r s in v o lv in g it e m s w h ic h h a v e r e a d ily id e n ­
t i f i e d u s e s and a p p lic a t io n s . M a y r e f e r to a c a t a lo g , m a n u f a c t u r e r 's m a n u a l,
o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t to in s u r e th a t p r o p e r it e m is s u p p lie d o r to v e r i f y
p r i c e o f o r d e r e d it e m .
A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K

S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R
O p e r a t e s a t e le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o le u s e d w ith a p r iv a t e
b r a n c h e x c h a n g e ( P B X ) s y s t e m to r e la y in c o m in g , o u tg o in g , and in t r a s y s t e m
c a lls .
M a y p r o v i d e in f o r m a t io n t o c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and t r a n s m it m e s s a g e s ,
k e e p r e c o r d o f c a l l s p l a c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s id e s o p e r a t in g a t e le p h o n e
s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , m a y a ls o ty p e o r p e r f o r m r o u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k
(ty p in g o r r o u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y o c c u p y the m a j o r p o r t io n o f th e w o r k e r 's
t i m e , a nd is u s u a lly p e r f o r m e d w h ile at th e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e ) . C h ie f o r
le a d o p e r a t o r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g m o r e than o n e o p e r a t o r a r e
e x c lu d e d . F o r an o p e r a t o r w h o a ls o a c ts as a r e c e p t io n is t , s e e S w it c h b o a r d
O p e r a to r -R e c e p tio n is t.
S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T I O N I S T
A t a s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n te le p h o n e s w it c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , a c ts b o th as
an o p e r a t o r — s e e S w it c h b o a r d O p e r a t o r — and as a r e c e p t io n is t . R e c e p t i o n i s t 's
w o r k i n v o lv e s s u c h d u tie s as g r e e t in g v i s i t o r s ; d e t e r m in in g n a tu r e o f v i s i t o r 's
b u s in e s s and p r o v id in g a p p r o p r ia t e in fo r m a t io n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r t o a p p r o ­
p r ia t e p e r s o n in th e o r g a n iz a t i o n o r c o n ta c t in g th at p e r s o n b y t e le p h o n e and
a r r a n g in g an a p p o in t m e n t; k e e p in g a lo g o f v i s i t o r s .
O RDER CLERK
R e c e i v e s w r it t e n o r v e r b a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s f o r m a t e r ia l
o r m e r c h a n d i s e f r o m c u s t o m e r s o r s a le s p e o p le .
W o rk t y p i c a l l y in v o lv e s
s o m e c o m b in a t io n o f th e f o llo w in g d u tie s : Q u otin g p r i c e s ; d e t e r m in in g a v a ila ­
b i l i t y o f o r d e r e d it e m s an d s u g g e s t in g s u b s titu te s w hen n e c e s s a r y ; a d v is in g
e x p e c t e d d e l i v e r y d a te a n d m e t h o d o f d e l i v e r y ; r e c o r d in g o r d e r and c u s t o m e r
in fo r m a t io n o n o r d e r
s h e e t s ; c h e c k in g o r d e r s h e e ts f o r a c c u r a c y and




P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e a c c o u n t in g c l e r i c a l ta s k s s u c h as p o s t in g to
r e g i s t e r s and le d g e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g b a n k a c c o u n t s ; v e r if y in g the in te r n a l c o n ­
s i s t e n c y , c o m p l e t e n e s s , and m a t h e m a t ic a l a c c u r a c y o f a c c o u n t in g d o c u m e n t s ;
a s s ig n in g p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t in g d is t r ib u t io n c o d e s ; e x a m in in g and v e r if y in g
f o r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s t y p e s o f r e p o r t s , l i s t s , c a lc u la t io n s , p o s t in g ,
e t c . ; o r p r e p a r in g s im p le o r a s s i s t in g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a t e d jo u r n a l
vou ch ers.
M a y w o r k in e it h e r a m a n u a l o r a u to m a te d a c c o u n t in g s y s t e m .
T h e w o r k r e q u ir e s a k n o w le d g e o f c l e r i c a l m e t h o d s and o f f i c e
p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h ic h r e la t e s to th e c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s i n g and r e ­
c o r d in g o f t r a n s a c t io n s and a c c o u n t in g in fo r m a t io n .
W ith e x p e r i e n c e , the
w o r k e r t y p i c a l l y b e c o m e s f a m ilia r w ith th e b o o k k e e p in g and a c c o u n tin g t e r m s
and p r o c e d u r e s u s e d in th e a s s ig n e d w o r k , but is n ot r e q u ir e d to have a
k n o w le d g e o f the f o r m a l p r i n c i p l e s o f b o o k k e e p in g and a c c o u n t in g .
P o s it io n s
d e f in it io n s :

are

.c la s s if ie d

in to

le v e l s

on th e

b a s is

o f the fo llo w in g

C la s s A . U n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , p e r f o r m s a c c o u n tin g c l e r i c a l
o p e r a t io n s w h ic h r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a t io n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m e n t, f o r
e x a m p le , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s i n g c o m p lic a t e d o r n o n r e p e t it iv e a c c o u n t in g t r a n s ­
a c t i o n s , s e le c t in g a m o n g a s u b s ta n tia l v a r ie t y o f p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n tin g c o d e s
and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , o r t r a c in g t r a n s a c t io n s th r o u g h p r e v io u s a c c o u n tin g
a c t io n s to d e t e r m in e s o u r c e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s .
M a y b e a s s i s t e d b y on e o r
m o r e c l a s s B a c c o u n t in g c l e r k s .
C la s s B .
U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v is io n , f o llo w in g d e t a ile d in s t r u c tio n s
and s t a n d a r d iz e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r f o r m s on e o r m o r e r o u tin e a c c o u n tin g
c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s , s u c h as p o s t in g t o l e d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o r k s h e e t s

31

A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K — C on tin u ed

P A Y R O L L C L E R K — C on tin u e d

w h e r e id e n t ific a t io n o f it e m s and lo c a t io n s o f p o s t in g s a r e c l e a r l y in d ic a t e d ;
c h e c k in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p le t e n e s s o f s t a n d a r d iz e d and r e p e t it iv e r e c o r d s
o r a c c o u n t in g d o c u m e n t s ; and c o d in g d o c u m e n t s u sin g a fe w p r e s c r i b e d
a c c o u n t in g c o d e s .

lis t i n g s a g a in st s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; t r a c i n g and c o r r e c t i n g e r r o r s in li s t i n g s ;
and a s s i s t in g in p r e p a r a t io n o f p e r i o d i c s u m m a r y p a y r o l l r e p o r t s . In a n o n a u to m a te d p a y r o ll s y s t e m , c o m p u te s w a g e s . W o r k m a y r e q u ir e a p r a c t i c a l
k n o w le d g e o f g o v e r n m e n t a l r e g u la t io n s , c o m p a n y p a y r o l l p o l i c y , o r th e
co m p u te r sy s te m fo r p r o c e s s in g p a y r o lls .

B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R
O p e r a t e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (w ith o r w ith ou t a t y p e w r it e r k e y ­
b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t io n s .
C la s s A . K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n o w le d g e o f and
e x p e r ie n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m i l i a r i t y w ith th e s t r u c t u r e
o f the p a r t ic u la r a c c o u n t in g s y s t e m u s e d .
D e t e r m in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and
d is t r ib u t io n o f d e b it and c r e d it it e m s to b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f th e w o r k .
M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o l id a t e d r e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e t s , and o t h e r r e c o r d s b y hand.
C la s s B . K e e p s a r e c o r d o f on e o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s o f a
s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g little k n o w le d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g . P h a s e s
o r s e c t io n s in c lu d e a c c o u n t s p a y a b le , p a y r o l l , c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (n ot in ­
clu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r i b e d u n d e r m a c h in e b i l l e r ) , c o s t d i s ­
t r ib u t io n , e x p e n s e d is t r ib u t io n , in v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , e t c . M a y c h e c k o r a s s i s t
in p r e p a r a t io n o f t r i a l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l s h e e t s f o r the a c c o u n t in g
d e p a r tm e n t .
M A C H IN E B I L L E R
P r e p a r e s s t a t e m e n t s , b i l l s , and i n v o i c e s on a m a c h in e o t h e r th an
an o r d in a r y o r e l e c t r o m a t i c t y p e w r it e r . M a y a ls o k e e p r e c o r d s as to b illin g s
o r s h ip p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n t a l to b illin g
o p e r a t io n s . F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h in e b i l l e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e
o f m a c h in e , as f o llo w s :
B illin g - m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a s p e c i a l b illin g m a c h in e ( c o m b in a t io n
ty p in g and a d d in g m a c h in e ) to p r e p a r e b i l l s and i n v o ic e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s '
p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , in t e r n a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , s h ip p in g m e m o r a n d a , e t c .
U s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a t io n o f p r e d e t e r m in e d d is c o u n t s and sh ip p in g c h a r g e s
and e n tr y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s io n s , w h ic h m a y o r m a y n ot b e c o m p u te d on
th e b illin g m a c h in e , and t o t a ls w h ic h a r e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la te d b y
m a c h in e . T h e o p e r a t io n u s u a lly in v o lv e s a l a r g e n u m b e r o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f
th e b i l l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is o fte n d on e on a fa n fo ld m a c h in e .

KEY ENTRY O PE R A TO R
O p e r a t e s k e y b o a r d - c o n t r o l l e d d a ta e n t r y d e v ic e s u c h a s k e y p u n ch
m a c h in e o r k e y - o p e r a t e d m a g n e t ic ta p e o r d is k e n c o d e r to t r a n s c r i b e
da ta in to a f o r m s u ita b le f o r c o m p u t e r p r o c e s s i n g . W o r k r e q u ir e s s k ill in
o p e r a t in g an a lp h a n u m e r ic k e y b o a r d and an u n d e r s ta n d in g o f t r a n s c r i b i n g
p r o c e d u r e s and r e le v a n t data e n tr y e q u ip m e n t.
P o s it io n s
d e fin it io n s :

a re

c la s s ifie d

in to

le v e ls

on

th e b a s is

of

th e f o llo w in g

C la s s A . W o r k r e q u ir e s th e a p p lic a t io n o f e x p e r i e n c e and ju d g m e n t
in s e le c t in g p r o c e d u r e s to be f o llo w e d and in s e a r c h i n g f o r , in t e r p r e t in g ,
s e l e c t i n g , o r c o d in g it e m s to b e e n t e r e d f r o m a v a r ie t y o f s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s .
O n o c c a s i o n m a y a ls o p e r f o r m r o u tin e w o r k as d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s B .
N O T E : E x c lu d e d a r e o p e r a t o r s a b o v e c l a s s A u s in g th e k e y e n tr y
c o n t r o ls to a c c e s s , r e a d , and e v a lu a te th e s u b s t a n c e o f s p e c i f i c r e c o r d s to
ta k e s u b s ta n tiv e a c t io n s , o r to m a k e e n t r ie s r e q u ir in g a s i m i l a r l e v e l o f
k n o w le d g e .
C la s s B . W o r k is ro u tin e and r e p e t it iv e . U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v is io n
o r fo llo w in g s p e c i f i c p r o c e d u r e s o r d e t a ile d i n s t r u c t i o n s , w o r k s f r o m
v a r io u s s ta n d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s w h ic h h a v e b e e n c o d e d and r e q u ir e
lit t le o r no s e le c t in g , c o d in g , o r in t e r p r e t in g o f d a ta to b e e n t e r e d . R e f e r s
to s u p e r v is o r p r o b le m s a r is in g f r o m e r r o n e o u s i t e m s , c o d e s , o r m i s s in g
in fo r m a t io n .

Professional and Technical
C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BU SIN E SS

B o o k k e e p in g - m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (w ith o r
w ith o u t a t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p a r t o f the
a c c o u n t s r e c e iv a b le o p e r a t io n . G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s th e s im u lta n e o u s e n tr y o f
f ig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m a c h in e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la t e s
f ig u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l c o lu m n s and c o m p u te s and u s u a lly p r in t s
a u t o m a t ic a lly th e d e b it o r c r e d i t b a la n c e s .
D o e s n ot in v o lv e a k n o w le d g e
o f b o o k k e e p in g .
W o r k s f r o m u n ifo r m and s ta n d a r d t y p e s o f s a le s and
c r e d it s lip s .
P A Y R O L L CLERK
P e r f o r m s th e c l e r i c a l ta s k s n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o l l s and to
m a in ta in p a y r o l l r e c o r d s . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : P r o c e s s i n g
w o r k e r s ' tim e o r p r o d u c t io n r e c o r d s ; a d ju s tin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s f o r ch a n g e s
in w a g e r a t e s , s u p p le m e n t a r y b e n e f it s , o r ta x d e d u c t io n s ; e d itin g p a y r o l l




A n a ly z e s b u s in e s s p r o b le m s to f o r m u la t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o lv in g
t h e m b y u se o f e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le t e
d e s c r i p t i o n o f a ll s p e c if ic a t io n s n e e d e d to e n a b le p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e
r e q u ir e d d ig ita l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s . W o r k i n v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
A n a ly z e s s u b je c t - m a t t e r o p e r a t io n s to b e a u t o m a t e d and id e n t i fie s c o n d it io n s
and c r i t e r i a r e q u ir e d to a c h ie v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b e r and
t y p e s o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d o c u m e n t s to b e u s e d ; o u t lin e s a c t io n s to b e
p e r f o r m e d by p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u t e r s in s u f f ic ie n t d e t a il f o r p r e s e n t a t io n
to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m in g ( t y p ic a lly th is in v o lv e s p r e p a r a t io n o f
w o r k and data flo w c h a r t s ); c o o r d in a t e s th e d e v e lo p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b l e m s and
p a r t ic ip a t e s in t r i a l ru n s o f n e w and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s
e q u ip m e n t ch a n g es to o b ta in m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a t io n s .
(N O T E :
W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g b o th s y s t e m s a n a ly s is an d p r o g r a m m in g s h o u ld b e
c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s a n a ly s ts i f th is is th e s k i l l u s e d to d e t e r m in e t h e ir p a y.)

C O M P U T E R SYSTEM S A N A L Y ST ,

BUSINESS— C on tin u ed

C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BU SIN ESS---- C o n tin u e d

D o e s n o t in c lu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s ib le f o r the m a n ­
a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s ,
o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n t if ic o r e n g in e e r in g
p r o b le m s .

la n g u a g e , c a u s e the m a n ip u la tio n o f da ta to a c h ie v e d e s i r e d r e s u lt s . W o rk
in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g :
A p p lie s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u te r c a p a ­
b i l i t i e s , m a t h e m a t ic s , l o g i c e m p lo y e d b y c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t ic u la r s u b ­
j e c t m a t t e r in v o lv e d to a n a ly z e c h a r ts and d ia g r a m s o f the p r o b le m to
b e p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s s e q u e n c e o f p r o g r a m s t e p s ; w r it e s d e ta ile d flo w
c h a r ts to s h o w o r d e r in w h ic h data w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r ts th e s e
c h a r t s to c o d e d in s t r u c t io n s f o r m a c h in e to f o llo w ; t e s t s and c o r r e c t s
p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s t r u c t io n s f o r o p e r a t in g p e r s o n n e l d u rin g p r o d u c tio n
ru n; a n a ly z e s , r e v ie w s , and a lt e r s p r o g r a m s to i n c r e a s e o p e r a tin g e f f i ­
c ie n c y o r adapt to n e w r e q u ir e m e n t s ; m a in ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e ­
v e lo p m e n t and r e v i s i o n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m in g b o th s y s t e m s a n a l­
y s i s and p r o g r a m m in g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s a n a ly s ts i f th is is
th e s k i l l u se d to d e t e r m in e t h e ir p a y .)

F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , s y s t e m s a n a ly sts a re c l a s s i f i e d as f o llo w s :
C la s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on
c o m p le x p r o b le m s in v o lv in g a ll p h a s e s o f s y s t e m s a n a ly s is . P r o b le m s a re
c o m p l e x b e c a u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u lt ip le - u s e r e q u i r e ­
m e n ts o f ou tpu t d a ta .
( F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s an in t e g r a t e d p r o d u c t io n
s c h e d u lin g , in v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , c o s t a n a ly s is , and s a le s a n a ly s is r e c o r d in
w h ic h e v e r y it e m o f e a c h ty p e is a u t o m a t ic a lly p r o c e s s e d th r o u g h th e fu ll
s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r ia t e fo llo w u p a c tio n s a r e in itia t e d b y th e
c o m p u t e r .) C o n fe r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m in e th e data p r o c e s s i n g
p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the im p lic a t io n s o f n ew o r
r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f d a ta p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t io n s . M a k es r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , i f
n e e d e d , f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s in s t a lla tio n s o r c h a n g e s and f o r
o b ta in in g e q u ip m e n t.

D o e s n ot in c lu d e e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s ib le f o r the m a n ­
a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p lo y e e s ,
o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c a n d /o r e n g in e e r in g
p r o b le m s .
F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , p r o g r a m m e r s

M a y p r o v id e fu n c t io n a l
w ho a re a s s ig n e d to a s s is t .

d ir e c t io n to l o w e r

le v e l s y s t e m s

as

f o llo w s :

C la s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n
on c o m p le x p r o b le m s w h ich r e q u ir e c o m p e t e n c e in a ll p h a s e s o f p r o ­
g r a m m in g c o n c e p t s and p r a c t i c e s .
W o r k in g f r o m
d ia g r a m s and ch a rts
w h ic h id e n tify th e n a tu r e o f d e s ir e d r e s u l t s , m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g s te p s to
b e a c c o m p lis h e d , and th e r e la t io n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r io u s s te p s o f the p r o b ­
le m s o lv in g r o u tin e ; p la n s the fu ll ra n g e o f p r o g r a m m in g a c tio n s n e e d e d
to e f f i c i e n t l y u t iliz e th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in a c h ie v in g d e s ir e d end p r o d u c t s .

C la s s B . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d er on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on
p r o b l e m s th a t a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p lic a t e d to a n a ly z e , p la n , p r o g r a m , and
o p e r a t e . P r o b l e m s a r e o f l im it e d c o m p le x it y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f input da ta
a r e h o m o g e n e o u s and th e ou tp u t da ta a r e c l o s e l y r e la t e d .
( F o r e x a m p le ,
d e v e lo p s s y s t e m s f o r m a in ta in in g d e p o s it o r a c c o u n t s in a b a n k , m a in ta in in g
accou n ts
r e c e iv a b le
in a r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t , o r m a in ta in in g in v e n t o r y
a c c o u n t s in a m a n u fa c t u r in g o r w h o le s a le e s t a b lis h m e n t .)
C o n fe r s w ith
p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m in e the data p r o c e s s i n g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s
s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on th e im p lic a t io n s o f the data p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m s
t o b e a p p lie d .

At th is l e v e l , p r o g r a m m in g is d if f ic u lt b e c a u s e c o m p u te r e q u ip ­
m e n t m u s t b e o r g a n iz e d to p r o d u c e s e v e r a l i n t e r r e la t e d but d iv e r s e p r o d ­
u cts f r o m n u m e r o u s and d i v e r s e d a ta e le m e n t s .
A w id e v a r ie t y and e x ­
t e n s iv e n u m b e r o f in t e r n a l p r o c e s s i n g a c t io n s m u s t o c c u r .
T h is r e q u ir e s
s u c h a c t io n s as d e v e lo p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a t io n s w h ich can be r e ­
u s e d , e s t a b lis h m e n t o f lin k a g e p o in ts b e tw e e n o p e r a t io n s , a d ju s tm e n ts to
da ta w h en p r o g r a m r e q u ir e m e n t s e x c e e d c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c it y , and
s u b s ta n tia l m a n ip u la tio n and r e s e q u e n c in g o f da ta e le m e n t s to f o r m a
h ig h ly in te g r a t e d p r o g r a m .

OR
W o r k s o n a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p le x da ta p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r
s y s t e m , as d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly on r o u tin e a s s i g n ­
m e n ts and r e c e i v e s in s t r u c t io n and g u id a n ce on c o m p le x a s s ig n m e n t s . W o r k
is r e v ie w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p lia n c e w ith i n s t r u c t io n s , and to
in s u r e p r o p e r a lig n m e n t w ith th e o v e r a l l s y s t e m .

M a y p r o v id e fu n c tio n a l d ir e c t io n
a r e a s s ig n e d to a s s i s t .

to lo w e r l e v e l

p r o g r a m m e r s w ho

C la s s B . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n on
r e la t iv e ly s im p le p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le s e g m e n ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s .
P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n t s ) u s u a lly p r o c e s s in fo r m a t io n to p r o d u c e data in tw o
o r t h r e e v a r ie d s e q u e n c e s o r f o r m a t s . R e p o r ts and lis t in g s a r e p r o d u c e d b y
r e fin in g , a d a p tin g , a r r a y in g , o r m a k in g m in o r a d d itio n s to o r d e le tio n s f r o m
in pu t da ta w h ic h a r e r e a d ily a v a ila b le .
W h ile n u m e r o u s r e c o r d s m a y be
p r o c e s s e d , th e data h av e b e e n r e fin e d in p r i o r a c tio n s s o th a t the a c c u r a c y
and s e q u e n c in g o f da ta ca n b e t e s t e d b y u sin g a fe w r o u tin e c h e c k s . T y p ic a lly ,
the p r o g r a m d e a ls w ith ro u tin e r e c o r d k e e p in g o p e r a t io n s .

C la s s C . W o r k s u n d e r im m e d ia t e s u p e r v is io n , c a r r y i n g ou t a n a ly s e s
a s a s s i g n e d , u s u a lly o f a s in g le a c t iv it y .
A s s ig n m e n ts a r e d e s ig n e d to
d e v e lo p a nd e x p a n d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e in the a p p lic a tio n o f p r o c e d u r e s and
s k ills r e q u ir e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s is w o r k . F o r e x a m p le , m a y a s s i s t a h ig h e r
l e v e l s y s t e m s a n a ly s t b y p r e p a r in g th e d e t a ile d s p e c if ic a t io n s r e q u ir e d b y
p rogram m ers
fr o m
i n fo r m a t io n d e v e lo p e d b y the h ig h e r le v e l a n a ly s t.
C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BU SIN E SS

OR

C o n v e r t s s ta t e m e n ts o f b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s , t y p ic a lly p r e p a r e d b y a
s y s t e m s a n a ly s t , in to a s e q u e n c e o f d e t a ile d in s t r u c t io n s w h ic h a r e r e ­
q u ir e d to s o lv e th e p r o b l e m s b y a u to m a tic da ta p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t.
W o r k in g f r o m c h a r t s o r d ia g r a m s , th e p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s the p r e ­
c i s e in s t r u c t io n s w h ic h , w h en e n t e r e d in to the c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in c o d e d




a re c la s s ifie d

a n a ly s ts

W o r k s on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A) u n der
c l o s e d ir e c t io n o f a h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v i s o r .
M ay a s s is t
h ig h e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r b y in d e p e n d e n tly p e r f o r m in g l e s s d iffic u lt ta s k s
a s s ig n e d , and p e r f o r m in g m o r e d if f ic u l t ta s k s u n d e r f a i r l y c l o s e d ir e c t io n .

33

C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BU SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d

C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d

M a y g u id e o r in s t r u c t lo w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s .

C la s s B . In a d d ition to e s t a b lis h e d p r o d u c t io n r u n s , w o r k a s s i g n ­
m e n ts in c lu d e ru n s in v o lv in g n ew p r o g r a m s , a p p lic a t io n s , and p r o c e d u r e s
( i . e . , s itu a tio n s w h ic h r e q u ir e the o p e r a t o r to a da p t to a v a r ie t y o f p r o b l e m s ) .
At th is le v e l, th e o p e r a t o r has th e tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e to w o r k f a i r l y
in d e p e n d e n tly in c a r r y i n g out m o s t a s s i g n m e n t s . A s s ig n m e n t s m a y r e q u ir e
th e o p e r a t o r to s e l e c t f r o m a v a r ie t y o f s ta n d a r d s e tu p and o p e r a t in g
procedu res.
In re s p o n d in g to c o m p u t e r o u tp u t in s t r u c t io n s o r e r r o r c o n ­
d it io n s , a p p lie s s ta n d a rd o p e r a t in g o r c o r r e c t i v e p r o c e d u r e s , but m a y
d e v ia te f r o m s ta n d a rd p r o c e d u r e s w h e n s ta n d a r d p r o c e d u r e s f a i l i f d e v ia tio n
d o e s n ot m a t e r ia lly a lt e r th e c o m p u t e r u n it 's p r o d u c t io n p la n s . R e f e r s the
p r o b l e m o r a b o r ts the p r o g r a m w h e n p r o c e d u r e s a p p lie d do n o t p r o v id e a
s o lu t io n . M a y gu id e lo w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s .

C la s s C .
M a k e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic a t io n s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t i c e s
and c o n c e p t s u s u a lly le a r n e d in f o r m a l tr a in in g c o u r s e s .
A s s ig n m e n t s
a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p c o m p e t e n c e in th e a p p lic a t io n o f s ta n d a r d p r o ­
c e d u r e s to r o u tin e p r o b l e m s .
R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v is io n on n ew a s p e c t s
o f a s s ig n m e n t s ; and w o r k is r e v ie w e d to v e r i f y its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e
w ith r e q u ir e d p r o c e d u r e s .
COM PUTER O PERA TO R
In a c c o r d a n c e w ith o p e r a t in g in s t r u c t io n s , m o n it o r s and o p e r a t e s
the c o n t r o l c o n s o l e o f a d ig ita l c o m p u t e r to p r o c e s s d a ta . E x e c u t e s ru n s b y
e it h e r s e r i a l p r o c e s s i n g ( p r o c e s s e s on e p r o g r a m
at a t i m e ) o r m u lt i­
p r o c e s s i n g ( p r o c e s s e s tw o o r m o r e p r o g r a m s s im u lt a n e o u s ly ) . T h e fo llo w in g
d u tie s c h a r a c t e r i z e th e w o r k o f a c o m p u t e r o p e r a t o r :
- S tu d ie s
needed.
-

o p e r a t in g

L o a d s e q u ip m e n t
p a p e r , e t c .).

in s t r u c t io n s
with

to

r e q u ir e d

d e t e r m in e
it e m s

e q u ip m e n t

(t a p e s ,

ca rd s,

C la s s C . W o rk a s s ig n m e n t s a r e l im it e d t o e s t a b lis h e d p r o d u c t io n
ru n s ( i . e . , p r o g r a m s w h ich p r e s e n t fe w o p e r a t in g p r o b l e m s ) .
A s s ig n m e n t s
m a y c o n s i s t p r i m a r i l y o f o n - t h e - j o b tr a in in g
( s o m e t im e s a u g m e n te d b y
c l a s s r o o m in s t r u c t io n ). W hen le a r n in g to run p r o g r a m s , th e s u p e r v i s o r o r a
h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r p r o v id e s d e t a ile d w r it t e n o r o r a l g u id a n c e to the
o p e r a t o r b e f o r e and d u rin g th e ru n . A f t e r th e o p e r a t o r h as g a in e d e x p e r ie n c e
w ith a p r o g r a m , h o w e v e r , th e o p e r a t o r w o r k s f a i r l y in d e p e n d e n tly in
a p p ly in g s ta n d a rd o p e r a t in g o r c o r r e c t i v e p r o c e d u r e s
in r e s p o n d in g to
c o m p u t e r output in s t r u c t io n s o r e r r o r c o n d it io n s , b u t r e f e r s p r o b le m s to a
h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r o r the s u p e r v i s o r w h e n s ta n d a r d p r o c e d u r e s f a i l.

setu p
d is k s ,

- S w it c h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x illia r y e q u ip m e n t in to s y s t e m .
- S t a r ts and o p e r a t e s c o m p u t e r .
-

R e s p o n d s to o p e r a t in g and c o m p u t e r ou tpu t i n s t r u c t io n s .

-

R e v ie w s e r r o r m e s s a g e s and m a k e s c o r r e c t i o n s
o r r e fe r s p r o b le m s .

-

M a in ta in s o p e r a t in g r e c o r d .

P E R I P H E R A L E Q U IP M E N T O P E R A T O R

d u rin g o p e r a t io n

O p e r a t e s p e r ip h e r a l e q u ip m e n t w h i c h
d i r e c t l y s u p p o r t s d ig it a l
c o m p u t e r o p e r a t io n s . S u ch e q u ip m e n t is u n iq u e ly and s p e c i f i c a l l y d e s ig n e d
f o r c o m p u t e r a p p lic a t io n s , but n e e d n ot b e p h y s ic a lly o r e l e c t r o n i c a l l y
c o n n e c t e d to a c o m p u t e r .
P r i n t e r s , p l o t t e r s , c a r d r e a d / p u n c h e s , ta p e
r e a d e r s , ta p e units o r d r iv e s , d is k u n its o r d r i v e s , and d a ta d is p la y units
a r e e x a m p le s o f s u c h eq u ip m e n t.

M a y t e s t - r u n n e w o r m o d if ie d p r o g r a m s . M a y a s s i s t in m o d ify in g
sy stem s o r p r o g r a m s .
T h e s c o p e o f th is d e fin it io n in c lu d e s t r a i n e e s w o r k in g
to b e c o m e f u lly q u a lifie d c o m p u t e r o p e r a t o r s , f u lly q u a lif ie d c o m p u t e r
o p e r a t o r s , and le a d o p e r a t o r s p r o v id in g t e c h n ic a l a s s i s t a n c e to lo w e r l e v e l
o p e r a t o r s . It e x c lu d e s w o r k e r s w h o m o n it o r an d o p e r a t e r e m o t e t e r m in a ls .

T h e fo llo w in g d u ties c h a r a c t e r i z e th e w o r k o f a p e r i p h e r a l e q u ip m e n t
o p era tor:

C la s s A . In a d d itio n t o w o r k a s s ig n m e n t s d e s c r i b e d f o r a c l a s s B
o p e r a t o r ( s e e b e lo w ) th e w o r k o f a c l a s s A o p e r a t o r in v o lv e s at le a s t on e
o f the fo llo w in g :
-

D e v ia t e s f r o m s ta n d a r d p r o c e d u r e s to a v o id the l o s s o f i n f o r ­
m a t io n o r t o c o n s e r v e c o m p u t e r t im e e v e n th ou g h th e p r o c e d u r e s
a p p lie d m a t e r ia lly a lt e r th e c o m p u t e r u n it 's p r o d u c t io n p la n s .

- T e s t s n e w p r o g r a m s , a p p lic a t io n s , and p r o c e d u r e s .
- A d v is e s p r o g r a m m e r s
te c h n iq u e s .

and

s u b je c t-m a t te r

e x p e rts

o p e r a t o r at th is l e v e l




t y p ic a lly g u id e s

lo w e r

L o a d in g p r in t e r s
and p lo t t e r s w ith c o r r e c t p a p e r ; a d ju s tin g
c o n t r o ls f o r f o r m s , t h i c k n e s s , t e n s io n , p r in t in g d e n s it y , and
lo c a t io n ; and u n loa d in g h a r d c o p y .

-

L a b e llin g ta p e r e e l s , d i s k s , o r c a r d d e c k s .

-

C h e ck in g la b e ls and m o u n tin g and d is m o u n tin g
r e e ls o r d is k s on s p e c i f i e d u n its o r d r i v e s .

d e s ig n a t e d ta p e

- S ettin g c o n t r o ls w h ic h r e g u la t e o p e r a t io n o f the e q u ip m e n t.
on

setup

- O b s e r v in g p a n e l lig h ts f o r w a r n in g s
ta k in g a p p r o p r ia t e a c t io n .

- A s s i s t s in (1 ) m a in ta in in g , m o d if y in g , and d e v e lo p in g o p e r a t in g
s y s t e m s o r p r o g r a m s ; (2) d e v e lo p in g o p e r a t in g in s t r u c t io n s and
te c h n iq u e s to c o v e r p r o b l e m s it u a t io n s ; a n d / o r (3) s w itc h in g to
e m e r g e n c y b a c k u p p r o c e d u r e s (s u c h a s s i s t a n c e r e q u ir e s a w o r k in g
k n o w le d g e o f p r o g r a m la n g u a g e , c o m p u t e r f e a t u r e s , and s o ft w a r e
s y s t e m s ).
An

-

-

and

error

in d ic a t io n s

E x a m in in g t a p e s , c a r d s , o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l f o r c r e a s e s ,
o r o th e r d e fe c t s w h ic h c o u ld c a u s e p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s .

and

tea rs,

T h is c la s s i f i c a t i o n e x c lu d e s w o r k e r s (1 ) w h o m o n it o r and o p e r a t e a
c o n t r o l c o n s o le ( s e e c o m p u t e r o p e r a t o r ) o r a r e m o t e t e r m in a l, o r (2) w h o s e
d u tie s a r e lim it e d to o p e r a t in g d e c o l l a t e r s , b u r s t e r s , s e p a r a t o r s , o r s i m i l a r
e q u ip m e n t.

le v e l o p e r a t o r s .

34

C O M P U T E R D A T A L I B R A R IA N

E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N

M a in ta i
r a r y o f m e d ia (t a p e s , d is k s , c a r d s , c a s s e t t e s ) u s e d
f o r a u t o m a t ic d a ta
o c e s s i n g a p p lic a t io n s . T h e fo llo w in g o r s i m i l a r d u tie s
c h a r a c t e r i z e th e w o r k o f a c o m p u t e r data lib r a r ia n :
C la s s ify in g , c a t a lo g in g ,
and s t o r in g m e d ia in a c c o r d a n c e w ith a s ta n d a r d iz e d s y s t e m ; u pon p r o p e r
r e q u e s t s , r e le a s in g m e d ia f o r p r o c e s s i n g ; m a in ta in in g r e c o r d s o f r e l e a s e s
and r e t u r n s ; in s p e c t in g r e t u r n e d m e d ia f o r d a m a g e o r e x c e s s i v e w e a r to
d e t e r m in e w h e t h e r o r n ot th e y n e e d r e p la c in g . M a y p e r f o r m m i n o r r e p a ir s
to d a m a g e d t a p e s .

W o r k s on v a r io u s t y p e s o f e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t and r e la t e d d e v ic e s
b y p e r f o r m i n g on e o r a c o m b in a tio n o f th e f o llo w in g : I n s t a llin g , m a in ta in in g ,
r e p a ir in g , o v e r h a u lin g , t r o u b le s h o o t in g , m o d if y in g , c o n s t r u c t in g , and t e s t in g .
W o r k r e q u ir e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic a tio n o f t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e o f e le c t r o n i c s
p r i n c i p l e s , a b ilit y to d e t e r m in e m a lf u n c t io n s , and s k ill to put e q u ip m e n t in
r e q u ir e d o p e r a t in g c o n d it io n .

DRAFTER
C la s s A . P la n s th e g r a p h ic p r e s e n t a t io n o f c o m p le x it e m s h av in g
d is t in c t iv e d e s ig n f e a t u r e s th a t d if f e r s ig n ific a n t ly f r o m e s t a b lis h e d d r a ftin g
p re ce d e n ts.
W o r k s in c l o s e s u p p o r t w ith th e d e s ig n o r i g i n a t o r , and m a y
r e c o m m e n d m i n o r d e s ig n c h a n g e s . A n a ly z e s th e e f f e c t o f e a c h ch a n g e on the
d e t a ils o f f o r m , fu n c t io n , and p o s it io n a l r e la t io n s h ip s o f c o m p o n e n t s and
p a r t s . W o r k s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s i s t a n c e . C o m p le t e d w o r k
is r e v ie w e d b y d e s ig n o r i g i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g in e e r in g
d e t e r m i n a t i o n s . M a y e it h e r p r e p a r e d r a w in g s o r d ir e c t t h e ir p r e p a r a t io n b y
lo w e r le v e l d r a fte r s .

T h e e q u ip m e n t— c o n s is t in g o f e it h e r m a n y d iffe r e n t k in d s o f c ir c u it s
o r m u lt ip le r e p e t it io n o f the s a m e k in d o f c ir c u i t — in c lu d e s , but is n ot lim it e d
t o , th e fo llo w in g : (a) E l e c t r o n i c t r a n s m it t in g and r e c e iv in g e q u ip m e n t ( e .g .,
r a d a r , r a d io , t e l e v i s i o n , te le p h o n e , s o n a r , n a v ig a tio n a l a id s ) , (b) d ig ita l and
a n a lo g c o m p u t e r s , and ( c ) in d u s t r ia l and m e d ic a l m e a s u r in g and c o n t r o llin g
e q u ip m e n t.
T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n e x c lu d e s r e p a i r e r s o f s u c h s ta n d a rd e l e c t r o n i c
e q u ip m e n t as c o m m o n o f f i c e m a c h in e s and h o u s e h o ld r a d io and t e l e v is io n
s e t s ; p r o d u c t io n a s s e m b l e r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h o s e p r im a r y duty is
s e r v i c i n g e l e c t r o n i c t e s t in s t r u m e n t s ; t e c h n ic ia n s w h o h av e a d m in is t r a tiv e
o r s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y ; and d r a f t e r s , d e s i g n e r s , and p r o f e s s i o n a l
e n g in e e r s .
P o s itio n s
d e fin it io n s :

C la s s B . P e r f o r m s n o n r o u tin e and c o m p le x d r a ftin g a s s ig n m e n t s
th a t r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a t io n o f m o s t o f th e s ta n d a r d iz e d d r a w in g te c h n iq u e s
r e g u la r ly u s e d .
D u tie s t y p i c a l l y in v o lv e s u ch w o r k a s:
P r e p a r e s w o r k in g
d r a w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b l i e s w ith i r r e g u l a r s h a p e s , m u lt ip le fu n c t io n s , and
p r e c i s e p o s it io n a l r e la t io n s h ip s b e tw e e n c o m p o n e n t s ; p r e p a r e s a r c h it e c t u r a l
d r a w in g s f o r c o n s t r u c t io n o f a b u ild in g in c lu d in g d e ta il d r a w in g s o f fo u n d a ­
t i o n s , w a ll s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p la n s , and r o o f .
U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u la s and
m a n u a ls in m a k in g n e c e s s a r y
c o m p u ta tio n s to d e t e r m in e q u a n titie s o f
m a t e r i a l s to b e u s e d , lo a d c a p a c i t i e s , s tr e n g t h s , s t r e s s e s , e t c .
R e c e iv e s
in it ia l i n s t r u c t i o n s , r e q u i r e m e n t s , and a d v ic e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r .
C o m p le t e d
w o r k is c h e c k e d f o r t e c h n i c a l a d e q u a c y .

are

c la s s ifie d

in to

l e v e ls

on

the b a s is

o f th e fo llo w in g

C la s s A . A p p lie s a d v a n c e d t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e t o s o lv e u n u su a lly
c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , t h o s e that t y p ic a lly ca n n o t b e s o lv e d s o le ly b y
r e f e r e n c e to m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m a n u a ls o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k in g on
e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t.
E x a m p le s o f s u c h p r o b le m s in c lu d e lo c a t io n and
d e n s ity o f c i r c u i t r y , e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c r a d ia t io n , is o la t in g m a lfu n c t io n s , and
fr e q u e n t e n g in e e r in g c h a n g e s . W o r k in v o lv e s :
A d e t a ile d u n d e r sta n d in g o f
the in t e r r e la t io n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s ; e x e r c i s i n g in d e p e n d e n t ju d g m e n t in p e r ­
f o r m in g s u c h ta s k s as m a k in g c i r c u i t a n a ly s e s , c a lc u la t in g w a v e f o r m s ,
t r a c in g r e la t io n s h ip s in s ig n a l f lo w ; and r e g u la r ly u sin g c o m p le x t e s t in ­
s tr u m e n ts
( e . g . , d u a l t r a c e o s c i l l o s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , d e v ia tio n m e t e r s ,
p u ls e g e n e r a t o r s ) .

C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d e t a il d r a w in g s o f s in g le u n its o r p a r t s f o r
e n g in e e r i n g , c o n s t r u c t i o n , m a n u fa c tu r in g , o r r e p a ir p u r p o s e s .
Types of
d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d in c lu d e i s o m e t r i c p r o je c t i o n s (d e p ic tin g t h r e e d im e n s io n s
in a c c u r a t e s c a l e ) and s e c t i o n a l v ie w s to c l a r i f y p o s it io n in g o f c o m p o n e n t s
and c o n v e y n e e d e d in f o r m a t io n .
C o n s o lid a te s d e ta ils f r o m a n u m b e r o f
s o u r c e s and a d ju s ts o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a le as r e q u ir e d . S u g g e s te d m e t h o d s o f
a p p r o a c h , a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v ic e on s o u r c e m a t e r ia ls a r e g iv e n
w ith in it ia l a s s i g n m e n t s . I n s t r u c t io n s a r e l e s s c o m p le t e w h en a s s ig n m e n t s
r e c u r . W o r k m a y b e s p o t - c h e c k e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s .

W o r k m a y b e r e v ie w e d b y s u p e r v i s o r (fr e q u e n t ly an e n g in e e r o r
d e s ig n e r ) f o r g e n e r a l c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s .
M ay p r o v id e
t e c h n ic a l g u id a n c e t o lo w e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s .
C la s s B . A p p lie s c o m p r e h e n s iv e t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e c o m ­
p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , t h o s e th at t y p ic a lly ca n b e s o lv e d s o le ly b y p r o p e r ly
in t e r p r e t in g m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m a n u a ls o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t s ) in w o r k in g on
e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t. W o r k i n v o lv e s : A f a m i l i a r i t y w ith the i n t e r r e la t io n ­
s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s ; and ju d g m e n t in d e t e r m in in g w o r k s e q u e n c e and in s e le c t in g
t o o l s and t e s t in g in s t r u m e n t s , u s u a lly l e s s c o m p le x th an th o s e u se d b y the
c l a s s A t e c h n ic ia n .

D R A F T E R -T R A C E R
C o p ie s p la n s and d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d b y o th e r s b y p la c in g t r a c in g
c lo t h o r p a p e r o v e r d r a w in g s and t r a c in g w ith p en o r p e n c il.
(D o e s n ot
in c lu d e t r a c in g l i m i t e d t o p la n s p r i m a r i l y c o n s is t in g o f s tr a ig h t lin e s and a
l a r g e s c a l e n o t r e q u ir in g c l o s e d e lin e a t io n .)

R e c e i v e s t e c h n ic a l g u id a n c e , as r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r
l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n , and w o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r s p e c i f i c c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p t e d
p r a c t i c e s and w o r k a s s ig n m e n t s .
M a y p r o v id e t e c h n ic a l g u id a n c e to lo w e r
le v e l t e c h n ic ia n s .

A N D /O R
C la s s C . A p p lie s w o r k in g t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to p e r f o r m s im p le o r
r o u tin e ta s k s in w o r k in g on e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t, fo llo w in g d e t a ile d in ­
s t r u c t io n s w h ic h c o v e r v ir t u a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W o r k t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s s u ch

P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e t it iv e d r a w in g s o f e a s ily v i s u a l i z e d i t e m s .
W o r k is c l o s e l y s u p e r v i s e d d u r in g p r o g r e s s .




35

E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — C o n tin u e d

M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N — C o n tin u e d

ta s k s a s : A s s is t in g h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s b y p e r f o r m i n g s u c h a c t i v it ie s as
r e p la c in g c o m p o n e n t s , w ir in g c i r c u i t s , and ta k in g t e s t r e a d in g s ; r e p a ir in g
s im p le e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t; and u sin g t o o l s and c o m m o n t e s t in s t r u m e n ts
( e . g . , m u l t i m e t e r s , a u d io s ig n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tu b e t e s t e r s , o s c i l l o s c o p e s ) . Is
n o t r e q u ir e d to b e f a m i l i a r w ith th e i n t e r r e la t io n s h ip s o f c i r c u i t s .
T h is
k n o w le d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y b e a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a s s ig n m e n t s d e s ig n e d to i n ­
c r e a s e c o m p e t e n c e (in c lu d in g c l a s s r o o m t r a in in g ) s o th a t w o r k e r ca n a d v a n ce
to h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n .

e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g
w ir in g o r e l e c t r i c a l
and m e a s u r in g and
ten a n ce e le c t r ic ia n
th r o u g h a f o r m a l

R e c e i v e s t e c h n ic a l g u id a n c e , a s r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h ig h e r
l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n .
W o r k is t y p i c a l l y s p o t c h e c k e d , but is g iv e n d e t a ile d
r e v ie w w h en n e w o r a d v a n c e d a s s ig n m e n t s a r e in v o lv e d .
R E G IS T E R E D IN D U S T R IA L N U R SE
A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e w h o g iv e s n u r s in g s e r v i c e u n d e r g e n e r a l m e d i c a l
d ir e c t io n to i l l o r in ju r e d e m p lo y e e s o r o t h e r p e r s o n s w h o b e c o m e i l l o r
s u f f e r an a c c id e n t on th e p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t .
D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f th e f o l l o w i n g : G iv in g f i r s t a id to th e i l l o r
in ju r e d ; a tte n d in g t o s u b s e q u e n t d r e s s in g o f e m p l o y e e s ' i n ju r i e s ; k e e p in g
r e c o r d s o f p a tie n ts t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r in g a c c id e n t r e p o r t s f o r c o m p e n s a t io n o r
o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t in g in p h y s ic a l e x a m in a t io n s and h e a lth e v a lu a tio n s o f
a p p lic a n t s and e m p l o y e e s ; and p la n n in g and c a r r y i n g ou t p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g
h e a lth e d u c a t io n , a 'c cid e n t p r e v e n t io n , e v a lu a tio n o f p la n t e n v ir o n m e n t , o r
o th e r a c t i v it ie s a ffe c t in g th e h e a lth , w e l f a r e , and s a fe t y o f a ll p e r s o n n e l.
N u rs in g s u p e r v i s o r s o r h e a d n u r s e s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g m o r e th an
on e n u r s e a r e e x c lu d e d .

Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant
M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R
P e r f o r m s th e c a r p e n t r y d u tie s n e c e s s a r y t o c o n s t r u c t and m a in ta in
in g o o d r e p a i r b u ild in g w o o d w o r k and e q u ip m e n t s u c h as b in s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s ,
b e n c h e s , p a r t it i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s i n g s , and t r i m m a d e o f w o o d
in an e s t a b lis h m e n t .
W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
P la n n in g and
la y in g ou t o f w o r k f r o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l i n s t r u c t io n s ;
u sin g a v a r ie t y o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d t o o ls , p o r t a b le p o w e r t o o l s , and s ta n d a r d
m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d i ­
m e n s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e le c t in g m a t e r ia ls n e c e s s a r y f o r th e w o r k . In g e n ­
e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g and
e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t
t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e .
M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N
P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e fu n c t io n s s u c h a s th e in ­
s t a lla t io n , m a in t e n a n c e , o r r e p a ir o f e q u ip m e n t f o r th e g e n e r a t io n , d i s t r i ­
b u tio n , o r u t iliz a t io n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s
m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : I n s t a llin g o r r e p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie t y o f e l e c t r i c a l
e q u ip m e n t s u c h as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w it c h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s ,
c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h e a tin g u n it s , co n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o t h e r t r a n s ­
m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t; w o r k in g f r o m b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , la y o u t s , o r o t h e r
s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; lo c a t in g and d ia g n o s in g t r o u b le in th e e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r




s ta n d a rd c o m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to lo a d r e q u ir e m e n t s o f
e q u ip m e n t; and u s in g a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n 's h a n d to o ls
te s tin g , in s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in ­
r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g a nd e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d
a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e .

M A IN T E N A N C E P A IN T E R
P a in ts and r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and f ix t u r e s o f an e s t a b ­
lis h m e n t . W o rk in v o lv e s th e f o llo w in g : K n o w le d g e o f s u r f a c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s
and t y p e s o f pa in t r e q u ir e d f o r d if f e r e n t a p p lic a t io n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r f a c e f o r
p a in tin g b y r e m o v in g o ld fin is h o r b y p la c i n g p u tty o r f i l l e r in n a il h o le s
and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and a p p ly in g pa in t w ith s p r a y gun o r b r u s h . M a y m i x c o l o r s ,
o i l s , w h ite le a d , and o t h e r pa in t in g r e d ie n t s to o b ta in p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n ­
s is t e n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e p a in t e r r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d
t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r
e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .
M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H IN IST
P r o d u c e s r e p la c e m e n t p a r t s and n e w p a r t s in m a k in g r e p a ir s o f
m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in ­
v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : I n t e r p r e t in g w r it t e n i n s t r u c t io n s and s p e c i f i c a ­
t i o n s ; p la n n in g and la y in g out o f w o r k ; u s in g a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n i s t 's h a n d t o o l s and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; s e tt in g up and o p e r a t in g s ta n d a r d
m a c h in e t o o l s ; s h a p in g o f m e t a l p a r t s to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d
s h o p co m p u ta tio n s r e la t in g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , t o o l i n g , f e e d s , and s p e e d s
o f m a c h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f the w o r k in g p r o p e r t i e s o f th e c o m m o n m e t a ls ;
s e le c t in g s ta n d a rd m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , and e q u ip m e n t r e q u ir e d f o r th is w o r k ;
and fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a r t s in to m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m e n t. In g e n e r a l , the
m a c h i n i s t 's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a r o u n d e d tr a in in g in m a c h in e - s h o p
p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t
t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .
M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M A C H IN E R Y )
R e p a ir s m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e q u ip m e n t o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t .
W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g :
E x a m in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n ic a l
e q u ip m e n t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d is m a n t lin g o r p a r t ly d is m a n t lin g
m a c h in e s and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s th a t m a in ly in v o lv e the u s e o f h a n d to o ls in
s c r a p in g and fittin g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t iv e p a r t s w ith it e m s
o b ta in e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r in g th e p r o d u c t io n o f a r e p la c e m e n t p a r t b y a
m a c h in e sh op o r s e n d in g the m a c h in e t o a m a c h in e s h o p f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ;
p r e p a r in g w r it te n s p e c if ic a t io n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r th e p r o d u c t io n o f
p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e s h o p s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h in e s ; and m a k in g a ll
n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n ts f o r o p e r a t io n . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f a m a c h in e r y
m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly
a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x ­
p e r ie n c e .
E x c lu d e d f r o m th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y
d u tie s in v o lv e s e ttin g up o r a d ju s tin g m a c h in e s .
M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M O T O R V E H I C L E )
R e p a ir s a u t o m o b ile s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b ­
lis h m e n t .
W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
E x a m in in g a u t o m o t iv e
e q u ip m e n t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s a s s e m b lin g e q u ip m e n t and p e r ­
f o r m in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e th e u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o ls a s 'w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s ,

M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M O T O R V E H IC L E )— C on tin u ed

M A IN T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R

d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u ip m e n t in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a r t s ; r e p la c in g
b r o k e n o r d e f e c t iv e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g rin d in g and a d ju s tin g v a l v e s ; r e ­
a s s e m b lin g and in s t a llin g th e v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h i c l e and m a k in g
n e c e s s a r y a d ju s t m e n t s ; and a lig n in g w h e e l s , a d ju s tin g b r a k e s and lig h t s , o r
tig h t e n in g b o d y b o l t s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m o t o r v e h i c l e m a in te n a n c e
m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h
a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .

A s s i s t s o n e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in th e s k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s , b y
p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l d u tie s o f l e s s e r s k i l l , s u c h as k e e p in g a
w o r k e r s u p p lie d w ith m a t e r ia ls and t o o l s ; c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a , m a c h in e ,
and e q u ip m e n t; a s s i s t in g jo u r n e y m a n b y h o ld in g m a t e r ia ls o r t o o l s ; and
p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r u n s k ille d t a s k s as d ir e c t e d b y jo u r n e y m a n .
T h e k in d o f
w o r k th e h e lp e r is p e r m it t e d t o p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e to t r a d e :
In
s o m e t r a d e s th e h e lp e r is c o n fin e d to s u p p ly in g , lif t in g , and h o ld in g m a t e r ia ls
and t o o l s , and c le a n in g w o r k in g a r e a s ; and in o t h e r s he is p e r m it t e d to
p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h in e o p e r a t io n s , o r p a r t s o f a tr a d e that a re a ls o
p e r f o r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u l l - t i m e b a s i s .

T h is
c la s s ific a tio n d o e s
not i n c l u d e
c u s t o m e r s ' v e h i c l e s in a u t o m o b ile r e p a ir s h o p s .

m e c h a n ic s

w ho

r e p a ir

M A IN T E N A N C E P I P E F I T T E R
I n s t a lls o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o th e r t y p e s o f p ip e and
p ip e fit t in g s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : L a y in g
ou t w o r k and m e a s u r in g to l o c a t e p o s it io n o f p ip e f r o m d r a w in g s o r o t h e r
w r it t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; c u ttin g v a r io u s s i z e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t le n g th s w ith
c h i s e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y le n e t o r c h o r p ip e -c u t t in g m a c h in e s ; t h r e a d in g
p ip e w ith s t o c k s and d i e s ; b e n d in g p ip e b y h a n d -d r iv e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n
m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g p ip e w ith c o u p lin g s and fa s te n in g p ip e to h a n g e r s ;
m a k in g s ta n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t io n s r e la t in g to p r e s s u r e s , f lo w , and s iz e o f
p ip e r e q u ir e d ; and m a k in g s ta n d a r d t e s t s to d e t e r m in e w h e t h e r f in is h e d p ip e s
m e e t s p e c ific a tio n s .
In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in te n a n c e p ip e fi t t e r
r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l
a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .
W o r k e r s p r im a r ily
e n g a g e d in in s t a llin g and r e p a ir in g b u ild in g s a n ita tio n o r h e a tin g s y s t e m s
a re e x c lu d e d .
M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T - M E T A L W O R K E R
F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , and m a in ta in s in g o o d r e p a ir th e s h e e t - m e t a l
e q u ip m e n t and f ix t u r e s ( s u c h as m a c h in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p a n s , s h e lv e s ,
l o c k e r s , ta n k s , v e n t i l a t o r s , c h u t e s , d u c t s , m e t a l r o o fin g ) o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t .
W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g ou t a ll t y p e s o f
s h e e t - m e t a l m a in t e n a n c e w o r k f r o m b lu e p r in t s , m o d e ls , o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a ­
t i o n s ; s e tt in g up a nd o p e r a t in g a ll a v a ila b le ty p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k in g
m a c h in e s ; u sin g a v a r i e t y o f h a n d to o ls in cu ttin g , b e n d in g , f o r m i n g , s h a p in g ,
fit t in g , and a s s e m b l i n g ; and in s t a llin g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t i c le s as r e q u ir e d . In
g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a in t e n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s ro u n d e d
t r a i n in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r
e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e .

M IL L W R IG H T
I n s t a lls n e w m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t, and d is m a n t le s and
i n s t a lls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w h en ch a n g e s in th e p la n t la y o u t a r e
r e q u ir e d . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g ou t w o r k ;
in t e r p r e t in g b lu e p r in t s o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u sin g a v a r ie t y o f h a n d to o ls
and r ig g in g ; m a k in g s ta n d a r d s h o p co m p u ta tio n s re la tin g to s t r e s s e s , s tr e n g t h
o f m a t e r i a l s , a nd c e n t e r s o f g r a v it y ; a lig n in g and b a la n c in g e q u ip m e n t;
s e l e c t i n g s ta n d a r d t o o l s , e q u ip m e n t , and p a r t s to b e u s e d ; and in s t a llin g and
m a in ta in in g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m is s io n e q u ip m e n t s u ch as d r iv e s and
speed red u cers.
In g e n e r a l , th e m i llw r ig h t 's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a
r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e in the t r a d e a c q u ir e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l
a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .




M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M )
S p e c ia liz e s in o p e r a t in g on e o r m o r e than on e ty p e o f m a ch in e
t o o l ( e . g . , ji g b o r e r , g rin d in g m a c h in e , e n g in e la th e , m illin g m a ch in e ) to
m a c h in e m e t a l f o r u se in m a k in g o r m a in ta in in g j i g s , f ix t u r e s , cu ttin g t o o l s ,
g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o ld s u s e d in sh a p in g o r fo r m in g m e t a l o r
n o n m e t a llic m a t e r ia l ( e . g . , p l a s t i c , p l a s t e r , r u b b e r , g l a s s ) .
W o rk t y p ic a lly
i n v o l v e s : P la n n in g and p e r f o r m i n g d if f ic u l t m a c h in in g o p e r a t io n s w h ich
r e q u ir e c o m p lic a t e d s e tu p s o r a h ig h d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; s e ttin g up m a c h in e
t o o l o r t o o l s ( e . g . , i n s t a ll cu ttin g t o o l s and a d ju s t g u id e s , s t o p s , w o r k in g
t a b l e s , and o t h e r c o n t r o ls to h a n d le th e s iz e o f s t o c k to b e m a c h in e d ;
d e t e r m in e p r o p e r f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t io n s e q u e n c e o r s e le c t
t h o s e p r e s c r i b e d in d r a w in g s , b lu e p r in t s , o r la y o u t s ); u sin g a v a r ie t y o f
p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n ts d u rin g
m a c h in in g o p e r a t io n to a c h ie v e r e q u is i t e d im e n s io n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s .
M a y b e r e q u ir e d to s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o la n t s and cu ttin g and lu b r ic a tin g o i l s ,
t o r e c o g n i z e w h en t o o l s n e e d d r e s s i n g , and t o d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l, the
w o r k o f a m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) at th e s k ill l e v e l c a lle d f o r in
th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n r e q u ir e s e x t e n s iv e k n o w le d g e o f m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o l ­
r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h c o n s i d e r a b le o n - t h e - j o b tr a in in g and
e x p e r ie n c e .
F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , th is c la s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s n ot
in c lu d e m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o lr o o m ) e m p lo y e d in t o o l and d ie jo b b in g
shop s.
T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R
C o n s t r u c t s and r e p a ir s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu ttin g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r
m e t a l d ie s o r m o l d s
u s e d in sh a p in g o r f o r m in g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a llic
m a t e r ia l ( e . g . , p l a s t i c , p l a s t e r , r u b b e r , g l a s s ) .
W o r k t y p ic a lly i n v o l v e s :
P la n n in g and la y in g ou t w o r k a c c o r d in g to m o d e l s , b lu e p r in t s , d r a w in g s , o r
o t h e r w r it t e n o r o r a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u n d e r s ta n d in g th e w o r k in g p r o p e r t ie s o f
c o m m o n m e t a ls
and a l l o y s ; s e le c t in g a p p r o p r ia t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , and
p r o c e s s e s r e q u ir e d t o c o m p le t e ta s k ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y s h o p c o m p u ta tio n s ;
s e tt in g up and o p e r a t in g v a r io u s m a c h in e t o o l s and r e la t e d e q u ip m e n t; u sin g
v a r io u s t o o l and d ie m a k e r 's h a n d to o ls and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n ts ;
w o r k in g to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; h e a t -t r e a t i n g m e t a l p a r t s and fin is h e d t o o l s
and d ie s to a c h ie v e r e q u ir e d q u a lit ie s ; fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a r t s to p r e ­
s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s .
In g e n e r a l, the t o o l and die m a k e r 's
w o r k r e q u ir e s ro u n d e d tr a in in g in m a c h in e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e
u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th r o u g h f o r m a l a p p r e n t ic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and
e x p e r ie n c e .
F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , th is c la s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not
in c lu d e t o o l and d ie m a k e r s w h o (1) a r e e m p lo y e d in t o o l and d ie jo b b in g
s h o p s o r (2) p r o d u c e f o r g in g d ie s (d ie s in k e r s ) .

J

37

S T A T IO N A R Y E N G IN E E R

S H IP P E R AN D R E C E IV E R — C o n tin u e d

O p e r a t e s and m a in ta in s and m a y a ls o s u p e r v is e th e o p e r a t io n o f
s ta t io n a r y e n g in e s and e q u ip m e n t (m e c h a n ic a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) t o s u p p ly the
e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r , h e a t, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a i r c o n d it io n in g . W o r k in v o lv e s : O p e r a t in g and m a in ta in in g e q u ip m e n t s u c h as
s te a m e n g in e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b in e s , v e n tila t in g
and r e f r ig e r a t in g e q u ip m e n t, s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r p u m p s ;
m a k in g e q u ip m e n t r e p a i r s ; and k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t io n o f m a c h in e r y ,
t e m p e r a t u r e , and fu e l c o n s u m p t io n .
M a y a ls o s u p e r v is e t h e s e o p e r a t io n s .
H ead o r c h ie f e n g in e e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s e m p lo y in g m o r e them o n e e n g in e e r
a re e x c lu d e d .

R e c e i v e r s t y p ic a lly a re r e s p o n s ib le f o r m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g :
V e r if y in g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f in c o m in g s h ip m e n ts b y c o m p a r in g it e m s and
q u a n titie s u n loa d ed a g a in st b ills o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , m a n if e s t s , s t o r a g e
r e c e i p t s , o r o th e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k in g f o r d a m a g e d g o o d s ; in s u r in g that
g o o d s a r e a p p r o p r ia t e ly id e n t ifie d f o r r o u tin g to d e p a r tm e n t s w ith in the
e s t a b lis h m e n t ; p r e p a r in g and k e e p in g r e c o r d s o f g o o d s r e c e i v e d .

S h ip p e r
R e c e iv e r
S h ip p e r and r e c e i v e r

B O IL E R T E N D E R
F i r e s s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r s to f u r n is h th e e s t a b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m ­
p lo y e d w ith h e a t, p o w e r , o r s t e a m .
F e e d s fu e ls to f i r e b y hand o r
o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n ic a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r ; and c h e c k s w a t e r and
s a fe t y v a l v e s . M a y c le a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a ir in g b o i l e r r o o m e q u ip m e n t.

Material Movement and Custodial
T R U C K D R IV E R
D r iv e s
a t r u c k w ith in a c it y o r in d u s t r ia l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t
m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d is e , e q u ip m e n t, o r w o r k e r s b e tw e e n v a r io u s ty p e s o f
e s t a b lis h m e n t s s u c h a s : M a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t s , fr e ig h t d e p o t s , w a r e h o u s e s ,
w h o le s a le and r e t a il e s t a b lis h m e n t s , o r b e tw e e n r e t a i l e s t a b lis h m e n t s and
c u s t o m e r s ' h o u s e s o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s .
M a y a ls o lo a d o r u n lo a d t r u c k
w ith o r w ith ou t h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a i r s , and k e e p t r u c k in
g o o d w o r k in g o r d e r .
S a le s ro u te and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c lu d e d .
F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s ,
ra te d c a p a c it y o f t r u c k , as f o llo w s :

tr u c k d r iv e r s

are

c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e and

T r u c k d r i v e r , lig h t t r u c k
(s t r a ig h t t r u c k , u n d e r IV 2 to n s , u s u a lly 4 w h e e ls )
T r u c k d r i v e r , m e d iu m tr u c k
(s t r a ig h t t r u c k , IV 2 to 4 to n s in c l u s i v e , u s u a lly 6 w h e e ls )
T r u c k d r iv e r , h eavy tr u ck
(s t r a ig h t t r u c k , o v e r 4 t o n s , u s u a lly 10 w h e e l s )
T r u c k d r iv e r , t r a c t o r - t r a il e r
S H IP P E R A N D R E C E I V E R
P e r f o r m s c l e r i c a l and p h y s ic a l ta s k s in c o n n e c t io n w ith s h ip p in g
g o o d s o f th e e s t a b lis h m e n t in w h ic h e m p lo y e d and r e c e i v i n g in c o m in g
s h ip m e n ts .
In p e r f o r m i n g d a y - t o - d a y , r o u tin e t a s k s , f o llo w s e s t a b lis h e d
g u id e lin e s . In h a n d lin g u n u su a l n o n r o u tin e p r o b l e m s , r e c e i v e s s p e c i f i c g u id ­
a n ce f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r o t h e r o f f i c i a l s .
M a y d i r e c t and c o o r d in a t e th e
a c t iv it ie s o f o t h e r w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in h a n d lin g g o o d s to b e s h ip p e d o r b e in g
r e c e iv e d .
S h ip p e r s t y p ic a lly a r e
r e s p o n s i b l e f o r m o s t o f th e f o llo w in g :
V e r if y in g that o r d e r s a r e a c c u r a t e l y f i l l e d b y c o m p a r in g it e m s and q u a n titie s
o f g o o d s g a t h e r e d f o r s h ip m e n t a g a in s t d o c u m e n t s ; in s u r in g th at s h ip m e n ts
a re p r o p e r ly p a c k a g e d , id e n t ifie d w ith s h ip p in g in fo r m a t io n , and lo a d e d in to
tr a n s p o r t in g v e h i c l e s ; p r e p a r in g and k e e p in g r e c o r d s o f g o o d s s h ip p e d , e . g . ,
m a n if e s t s , b i l l s o f la d in g .




F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s :

W AREH OU SEM AN
A s d ir e c t e d , p e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f w a r e h o u s in g d u tie s w h ic h r e q u ir e
an u n d e r sta n d in g o f th e e s t a b lis h m e n t 's s t o r a g e p la n . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t
o f th e f o llo w in g : V e r if y in g m a t e r ia ls ( o r m e r c h a n d is e ) a g a in s t r e c e iv in g
d o c u m e n t s , n otin g and r e p o r tin g d i s c r e p a n c i e s and o b v io u s d a m a g e s ; ro u tin g
m a t e r ia ls to p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n s ; s t o r i n g , s t a c k in g , o r p a lle t iz in g
m a t e r ia ls in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e m e t h o d s ; r e a r r a n g in g and
ta k in g in v e n t o r y o f s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s ; e x a m in in g s t o r e d m a t e r ia ls and r e ­
p o r t in g d e t e r io r a t io n and d a m a g e ; r e m o v in g m a t e r i a l f r o m s t o r a g e and
p r e p a r in g it f o r s h ip m e n t. M a y o p e r a t e h an d o r p o w e r t r u c k s in p e r f o r m in g
w a r e h o u s in g d u tie s .

E x c lu d e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u tie s in v o lv e s h ip p in g and r e ­
c e iv in g w o r k (s e e S h ip p e r and R e c e i v e r and S h ip p in g P a c k e r ) , o r d e r fillin g
( s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ) , o r o p e r a t in g p o w e r t r u c k s ( s e e P o w e r - T r u c k O p e r a t o r ) .

O R D E R F IL L E R
F il ls sh ip p in g o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r f in is h e d g o o d s f r o m s t o r e d
m e r c h a n d is e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o n s a le s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s '
o r d e r s , o r o th e r in s t r u c t io n s .
M a y , in a d d itio n to f illin g o r d e r s and i n ­
d ic a t in g it e m s f i l l e d o r o m it t e d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f o u tg o in g o r d e r s , r e q u is it io n
a d d itio n a l s t o c k o r r e p o r t s h o r t s u p p lie s to s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m o t h e r
r e la t e d d u tie s .

S H IP P IN G P A C K E R
P r e p a r e s f in is h e d p r o d u c t s f o r s h ip m e n t o r s t o r a g e b y p la c in g t h e m
in s h ip p in g c o n t a in e r s , the s p e c i f i c o p e r a t io n s p e r f o r m e d b e in g d e p e n d e n t
u pon the t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f u n its to b e p a c k e d , th e ty p e o f c o n t a in e r
e m p lo y e d , and m e th o d o f s h ip m e n t. W o r k r e q u i r e s th e p la c in g o f it e m s in
s h ip p in g c o n t a in e r s and m a y in v o lv e o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o llo w in g : K n o w le d g e
o f v a r io u s it e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r to v e r i f y c o n te n t; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r ia t e
ty p e and s i z e o f c o n t a in e r ; in s e r t in g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a in e r ; u s in g e x c e l s i o r
o r o t h e r m a t e r ia l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c lo s in g and s e a lin g
c o n t a in e r ; and a p p ly in g la b e ls o r e n t e r in g id e n t ify in g d a ta o n c o n t a in e r .
P a c k e r s w h o a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a t e s a r e e x c lu d e d .

M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G L A B O R E R

G U A R D — C o n tin u e d

A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t, s t o r e , o r
o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t w h o s e d u tie s in v o lv e on e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
L o a d in g and u n lo a d in g v a r i o u s m a t e r ia ls and m e r c h a n d is e on o r f r o m f r e ig h t
c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o t h e r t r a n s p o r t in g d e v i c e s ; u n p a ck in g , s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g
m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e lo c a t io n ; and t r a n s p o r t in g
m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d is e b y h a n d t r u c k , c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w .
L on gshore
w o r k e r s , w h o lo a d and u n lo a d s h ip s , a r e e x c lu d e d .

P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R
O p e r a t e s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o l l e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d t r u c k
o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a t e r ia ls o f a ll k in d s a b ou t a w a r e h o u s e ,
m a n u fa c t u r in g p la n t, o r o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t .
F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s
tr u c k , as fo llo w s :

v ic e s

G u a rd s e m p lo y e d b y e s t a b lis h m e n t s w h ic h p r o v id e p r o t e c t iv e
on a c o n t r a c t b a s is a r e in c lu d e d in th is o c c u p a t io n .

ser­

F o r w a g e stu d y p u r p o s e s , g u a r d s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o llo w s :
C la s s A . E n f o r c e s r e g u la t io n s d e s ig n e d t o p r e v e n t b r e a c h e s o f
s e c u r ity .
E x e r c i s e s ju d g m e n t and u s e s d i s c r e t i o n in d e a lin g w ith e m e r ­
g e n c ie s and s e c u r i t y v io la t io n s e n c o u n t e r e d .
D e t e r m in e s w h e th e r f i r s t
r e s p o n s e s h o u ld b e to in t e r v e n e d i r e c t l y (a s k in g f o r a s s i s t a n c e w h en d e e m e d
n e c e s s a r y a nd t im e a l l o w s ) , t o k e e p s itu a tio n u n d e r s u r v e i l l a n c e , o r to r e ­
p o r t s itu a tio n s o th at it c a n b e h a n d le d b y a p p r o p r ia t e a u th o r ity .
D uties
r e q u ir e s p e c i a l i z e d tr a in in g in m e t h o d s and t e c h n iq u e s o f p r o t e c t in g s e c u r it y
a r e a s . C o m m o n ly , th e g u a r d is r e q u ir e d to d e m o n s t r a t e co n tin u in g p h y s ic a l
f it n e s s and p r o f i c i e n c y w ith f i r e a r m s o r o t h e r s p e c i a l w e a p o n s .
C la s s B .
C a r r i e s ou t in s t r u c t io n s p r i m a r i l y o r ie n t e d t o w a r d in ­
s u r in g th a t e m e r g e n c i e s a nd s e c u r i t y v io la t io n s a r e r e a d ily d i s c o v e r e d and
r e p o r t e d to a p p r o p r ia t e a u t h o r ity . I n t e r v e n e s d i r e c t l y o n ly in s itu a tio n s w h ich
r e q u ir e m i n im a l a c t io n t o s a fe g u a r d p r o p e r t y o r p e r s o n s .
D u ties r e q u ir e
m i n im a l t r a in in g .
C o m m o n ly , th e g u a r d is n ot r e q u ir e d to d e m o n s t r a te
p h y s ic a l f i t n e s s . M a y b e a r m e d , b u t g e n e r a lly is n ot r e q u ir e d to d e m o n s t r a te
p r o f i c i e n c y in th e u s e o f f i r e a r m s o r s p e c i a l w e a p o n s .

a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f p o w e r -

F o r k lift o p e r a t o r
P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r (o t h e r th an f o r k lif t )

J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R
C le a n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d it io n f a c t o r y w o r k in g a r e a s and
w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r tm e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r c i a l o r
o t h e r e s t a b lis h m e n t . D u tie s in v o lv e a c o m b in a t io n o f th e f o llo w in g : S w e e p in g ,
m o p p in g o r s c r u b b in g , and p o lis h in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v in g c h ip s , t r a s h , and o th e r
r e f u s e ; d u s tin g e q u ip m e n t, f u r n it u r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e t a l f ix t u r e s o r
t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v id in g s u p p lie s and m i n o r m a in te n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and cle a n in g
l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s .
W o r k e r s w h o s p e c i a l i z e in w in d o w
w a s h in g a r e e x c l u d e d .

GUARD
P r o t e c t s p r o p e r t y f r o m th e ft o r d a m a g e , o r p e r s o n s f r o m h a z a r d s
o r i n t e r f e r e n c e . D u tie s in v o lv e s e r v in g at a fix e d p o s t , m a k in g ro u n d s on
f o o t o r b y m o t o r v e h i c l e , o r e s c o r t i n g p e r s o n s o r p r o p e r t y . M a y b e d e p u t iz e d
to m a k e a r r e s t s .
M a y a ls o h e lp v i s i t o r s and c u s t o m e r s b y a n s w e r in g
q u e s t io n s and g iv in g d i r e c t i o n s .




39

Service Contract
Act Surveys
T h e f o llo w in g a r e a s a r e s u r ­
v e y e d p e r i o d i c a l l y f o r u se in a d m in ­
is t e r in g th e S e r v i c e C o n tr a c t A c t
o f 1965.
S u rv ey re s u lts are p u b ­
lis h e d in r e l e a s e s w h ic h a r e a v a ila ­
b l e , at no c o s t , w h ile s u p p lie s la s t
f r o m any o f th e B L S r e g io n a l o f f i c e s
sh ow n on th e b a c k c o v e r .
A la s k a (s t a te w id e )
A lb a n y , G a.
A le x a n d r ia —L e e s v i l l e , L a .
A lp e n a —S ta n d is h —T a w a s C it y , M ic h .
Ann A r b o r , M ic h .
A t la n t ic C it y , N .J .
A u g u s ta , G a .—S .C .
A u s tin , T e x .
B a k e r s f ie ld , C a lif.
B a to n R o u g e , L a .
B a ttle C r e e k , M ic h .
B e a u m o n t—P o r t A rth u r—O r a n g e , T e x .
B e a u m o n t—P o r t A rth u r—O r a n g e
and L a k e C h a r le s , T e x .—L a .
B ilo x i—G u lfp o r t and P a s c a g o u la —
M o s s P o in t , M is s .
B in g h a m to n , N .Y .
B ir m in g h a m , A la .
B lo o m in g t o n —V i n c e n n e s , Ind.
B r e m e rton —S h e lto n , W a s h .
B r u n s w ic k , G a.
C e d a r R a p id s , Io w a
C h a m p a ig n —U rb a n a —R a n to u l, 111.
C h a r le s to n —N o r th C h a r le s to n —
W a it e r b o r o , S .C .
C h a r lo tt e —G a s t o n ia , N .C .
C heyenne, W yo.
C la r k s v ille —H o p k in s v ille , T e n n .—K y.
C o lo r a d o S p r i n g s , C o lo .
C o lu m b ia —S u m t e r , S .C .
C o lu m b u s , G a .—A la .
C o lu m b u s , M i s s .
D e c a t u r , 111.
D es M o in e s , Io w a
Duluth—S u p e r io r , M in n .—W is .
E l P a s o —A la m o g o r d o —L a s C r u c e s ,
T e x .—N. M e x .
E u g e n e —S p r in g fie ld —M e d fo r d , O r e g .
F a y e t t e v ille , N .C .




F o r t L a u d e r d a le —H o lly w o o d
and W e s t P a lm B e a c h —
B o c a R a to n , F la .
F o r t S m ith , A r k .—O k la .
F r e d e r i c k —H a g e rs t o w n C h a m b e r s b u r g , M d .—P a .
G o ld s b o r o , N .C .
G ra n d Is la n d —H a s t in g s , N e b r .
G uam , T e r r ito r y o f
H a r r is b u r g —L e b a n o n , P a .
K n o x v ille , T e n n .
L a red o, T ex.
L a s V e g a s —T o n o p a h , N ev .
L im a , O h io
L it tle R o ck r-N o rth L it tle R o c k , A r k .
L o g a n s p o r t —P e r u , Ind.
L o r a in —E l y r i a , O h io
L o w e r E a s t e r n S h o r e , M d .—V a .—D e l.
M a c o n , G a.
M a d is o n , W is .
M a in e (s t a te w id e )
M a n s f ie ld , O h io
M c A lle n —P h a r r —E d in b u r g
and B r o w n s v ille —H a r lin g e n —
San B e n it o , T e x .
M e r id ia n , M i s s .
M id d le s e x , M o n m o u th , and
O c e a n C o s . , N .J .
M o b ile —P e n s a c o la —P a n a m a C ity ,
A la .—F la .
M on ta n a (s t a t e w id e )
N a s h v ille —D a v id s o n , T e n n .
N ew B e r n —J a c k s o n v i l l e , N .C .
N ew H a m p s h ir e (s t a te w id e )
N ew L o n d o n —N o r w ic h , C on n .—R .I.
N o rth D a k ota (s t a te w id e )
N o r t h e r n N ew Y o r k
N orth w est T e x a s
O r la n d o , F la .
O xn ard-^ S im i V a lle y —V e n t u r a , C a lif.
P e o r i a , 111.
P h o e n ix , A r i z .
P in e B lu ff , A r k .
P u e b lo , C o lo .
P u e r t o R ic o
R a le ig h —D u r h a m , N .C .
R en o, N ev.
S a lin a , K a n s .

S a lin a s —S e a s id e —M o n t e r e y , C a lif.
S a n d u s k y , O hio
S an ta B a r b a r a —San ta M a r ia —
L o m p o c , C a lif.
S a va n n a h , G a.
S e lm a , A la .
S h r e v e p o r t, La.
S ou th D a k ota (s ta te w id e )
S o u th e rn Idaho
S ou th w e st V ir g in ia
S p o k a n e , W a sh .
S p r in g fie ld , 111.
S t o c k to n , C a lif.
T a c o m a , W a sh .
T a m p a —S t. P e t e r s b u r g , F la .
T o p e k a , K a n s.
T u c s o n —D o u g la s , A r i z .
T u ls a , O k la .
U p p e r P e n in s u la , M ic h .
V e r m o n t (s ta te w id e )
V ir g in Is la n d s o f the U .S.
W a c o and K ille e n —T e m p le , T e x .
W a t e r lo o —C e d a r F a l l s , Iow a
W e s t V ir g in ia (s ta te w id e )
W ic h it a F a lls —L aw ton —A lt u s ,
T e x .—O k la .
W ilm in g to n , D e l.—N .J .—M d.
Y a k im a —R ich la n d —K e n n e w ick —
P e n d le t o n , W a s h .—O r e g .

A LSO A V A IL A B L E —
A n an n u a l r e p o r t on s a l a r i e s f o r
a c c o u n t a n t s , a u d it o r s , c h ie f a c c o u n t ­
a n ts , a t t o r n e y s , jo b a n a ly s t s , d i r e c ­
t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l, b u y e r s , c h e m is t s ,
e n g i n e e r s , e n g in e e r in g t e c h n ic ia n s ,
d r a f t e r s , a n d c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s
is a v a ila b le .
O r d e r as B L S B u lle ­
tin 1 9 8 0 , N a tio n a l S u r v e y o f P r o ­
f e s s i o n a l , A d m in is t r a t i v e , T e c h n ic a l
and C l e r i c a l P a y , M a r c h 1 9 7 7 , $ 2 .4 0
a c o p y , f r o m any o f the B L S r e ­
g io n a l s a le s o f f i c e s sh o w n o n the
b a c k c o v e r , o r f r o m the S u p e r in ­
te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n ­
m e n t P r in t in g O f f i c e , W a s h in g to n ,
D .C . 2 0 4 0 2 .

Area Wage
Surveys
A l i s t o f th e la t e s t b u lle tin s a v a ila b le is p r e s e n t e d b e lo w .
B u lle tin s
m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m a n y o f th e B L S r e g io n a l o f f i c e s sh ow n on th e b a c k
c o v e r i o r f r o m th e S u p e r in te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts , U .S. G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g
O f f i c e , W a s h in g t o n , D .C . 2 0 4 0 2 .
M a k e c h e c k s p a y a b le to S u p e rin te n d e n t o f
D o cu m e n ts.
A d i r e c t o r y o f o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e s u r v e y s , c o v e r i n g th e y e a r s
1970 th r o u g h 1 9 7 6 , is a v a ila b le on r e q u e s t .

A rea
A k r o n , O h io , D e c . 1977__________________________________________
A lb a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , N . Y ., S ep t. 1977 ------------------------A n a h e im —San ta A n a—G a r d e n G r o v e ,
C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------A t la n t a , G a ., M a y 1 9 7 7 ----------------------------------------------------------------B a l t i m o r e , M d ., A u g . 1 9 7 7 ---------------------------------------------------------B i l l i n g s , M o n t ., J u ly 1977 1 -------------------------------------------------------B ir m in g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1 9 7 7 ---------------------------------------------------B o s t o n , M a s s . , A u g . 1977 ----------------------------------------------------------B u ff a lo , N . Y ., O c t . 1977 -------------------------------------------------------------C a n to n , O h io , M a y 1977 1 ------------------------------------------------------------C h a t ta n o o g a , T e n n .—G a ., S e p t. 1977 ----------------------------------------C h ic a g o , 111., M a y 1977 1-------------------------------------------------------------C in c in n a t i, O h io —K y .—I n d ., J u ly 1977 1 -----------------------------------C le v e la n d , O h io , S e p t. 1977 1 ----------------------------------------------------C o lu m b u s , O h io , O c t . 1 9 7 7 ______________________________________
C o r p u s C h r i s t i , T e x . , J u ly 1977 1 _____________________________
D a lla s —F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 ___________________________
D a v e n p o rt—R o c k I s l a n d - M o l i n e , Iow a —111., F e b . 1978_______
D a y to n , O h io , D e c . 1977 1________________________________________
D a y to n a B e a c h , F l a . , A u g . 1977 1______________________________
D e n v e r —B o u ld e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1977 1 ___________________________
D e t r o it , M i c h ., M a r . 1 9 7 7 _______________________________________
F r e s n o , C a l i f . , Ju n e 1977 _______________________________________
G a i n e s v i l l e , F l a . , S e p t. 1977 1---------------------------------------------------G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u ly 1 9 7 7 ------------- --------- --------------------------------G r e e n s b o r o —W in s to n -S a le rn o -H ig h P o in t ,
N .C ., A u g . 1977 1 ________________________________________________
G r e e n v ille —S p a r ta n b u r g , S . C . , Jun e 1977 ------------------------------H a r t f o r d , C o n n ., M a r . 1 9 7 7 _____________________________________
H o u s to n , T e x ., A u g . 1977 1 ______________________________________
H u n t s v ille , A l a . , F e b . 197 8______________________________________
I n d ia n a p o lis , I n d ., O c t . 1 9 7 7 ____________________________________
J a c k s o n , M i s s . , J a n . 19 7 8_______________________________________
J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 1977___________________________________
K a n s a s C it y , M o .—K a n s . , S e p t. 1 9 7 7 ----------------------------------------L o s A n g e le s —L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 --------------------------L o u i s v i l l e , K y.—I n d ., N o v . 1977 1_______________________________
M e m p h is , T e n n .—A r k .—M i s s ., N o v . 1977______________________




B u lle t in n u m b e r
and p r i c e *
1 9 5 0 -7 0 , 80 ce n ts
1 9 5 0 - 5 2 , 80 c e n ts
1 9 5 0 -6 0 ,
1 9 5 0 -1 7 ,
1 9 5 0 -3 9 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 0 ,
1 9 5 0 -8 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 0 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 8 ,
1 9 5 0 -2 8 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 4 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 1 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 5 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 3 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 4 ,
1 9 5 0 -3 5 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 5 ,
2 0 2 5 -6 ,
1 9 5 0 -7 1 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 3 ,
1 9 5 0 -7 4 ,
1 9 5 0 -1 3 ,
1 9 5 0 -3 0 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 6 ,
1 9 5 0 -3 6 ,

$ 1 .0 0
$ 1.20
$ 1 .2 0
$ 1 .0 0
85 c e n ts
$ 1.20
$ 1.00
$ 1.10
70 c e n ts
$ 1.40
$ 1 .2 0
$ 1.40
$ 1 .0 0
$ 1 .0 0
$ 1 .2 0
70 ce n ts
$ 1 .1 0
$ 1.00
$ 1 .4 0
$ 1 .2 0
70 c e n ts
$ 1 .0 0
70 c e n ts

1 9 5 0 -4 2 ,
1 9 5 0 -3 3 ,
1 9 5 0 -9 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 8 ,
2 0 2 5 -4 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 6 ,
2 0 2 5 - 1,
1 9 5 0 -6 7 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 4 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 1 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 6 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 3 ,

$ 1 .1 0
70 c e n ts
80 c e n ts
$ 1.40
70 ce n ts
$ 1 .0 0
70 ce n ts
70 ce n ts
$ 1.00
$ 1 .2 0
$ 1 .2 0
70 ce n ts

A rea
M ia m i, F l a . , O c t . 1 9 7 7 __________________________________________
M ilw a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1977 ___________________________________
M in n e a p o lis —St. P a u l, M in n .—W i s . , Jan. 1978 1 _____________
N a s s a u - S u f f o lk , N . Y ., June 1977 ______________________________
N e w a r k , N .J ., Jan . 1978 1_______________________________________
N ew O r l e a n s , L a ., J a n . 1978___________________________________
N ew Y o r k , N .Y .—N .J ., M a y 1 9 7 7 ______________________________
N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B e a c h —P o r t s m o u t h , V a —
N .C ., M a y 1977 _________________________________________________
N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B e a c h —P o r t s m o u t h and
N e w p o r t N ew s—H a m p to n , V a .—N .C ., M a y 1 9 7 7 ____________
N o r t h e a s t P e n n s y lv a n ia , A u g . 1977 1___ ■______________________
O k la h o m a C it y , O k la ., A u g . 1977 1 ____________________________
O m a h a , N e b r .—Io w a , O c t . 1 9 7 7 1 ______________________________
P a t e r s o n —C lifto n —P a s s a i c , N .J ., June 1977 _________________
P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .—N .J ., N o v . 1977_____________________________
P it t s b u r g h , P a ., J a n . 1978 _____________________________________
P o r t la n d , M a in e , D e c . 1977____________________________________
P o r t la n d , O r e g .—W a s h ., M a y 1977 1___________________________
P o u g h k e e p s ie , N .Y ., Jun e 1977 _______________________________
P o u g h k e e p s ie —K in g ston ^ -N ew b u rg h , N .Y ., June 197 6 _______
P r o v i d e n c e —W a r w ic k —P a w t u c k e t , R .I .—
M a s s . , Jun e 1977 1 _____________________________________________
R ic h m o n d , V a ., June 1977 1 ____________________________________
St. L o u is , M o .—111., M a r . 1977 ________________________________
S a c r a m e n t o , C a l i f ., D e c . 1977 1_______________________________
S a g in a w , M i c h ., N o v . 1977______________________________________
Salt L a k e C ity—O g d e n , U tah , N o v . 1 9 7 7 ______________________
San A n t o n io , T e x ., M a y 1977 1 _________________________________
San D ie g o , C a l i f ., N o v . 1977 1 _________________________________
San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d , C a l i f ., M a r . 1977 __________________
San J o s e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1 9 7 7 ____________________________________
S e a ttle —E v e r e t t , W a s h ., D e c . 1977_____________________________
South B e n d , In d ., A u g . 1977 1 __________________________________
T o le d o , O h io —M i c h ., M a y 1 9 7 7 ________________________________
T r e n t o n , N .J ., S ep t. 1 9 7 7 _______________________________________
U t i c a - R o m e , N .Y ., J u ly 1977 1 ________________________________
W a s h in g t o n , D . C . - M d . - V a . , M a r . 1977 ______________________
W ic h it a , K a n s ., A p r . 1977 1 ____________________________________
W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , A p r . 1977 _________________________________
Y o r k , P a ., F e b . 1 9 7 8 1 _____________ _____________ ______________

B u lle tin n u m b e r
and p r i c e *
1 9 5 0 -5 7 , $ 1.00
1 9 5 0 -1 4 , $ 1.10
2 0 2 5 -2 ,
$ 1.40
1 9 5 0 -2 7 , $ 1.00
2 0 2 5 -7 ,
$ 1.40
2 0 2 5 -5 ,
$ 1.00
1 9 5 0 -3 1 , $ 1.20
1 9 5 0 -2 0 , 70 ce n ts
1 9 5 0 -2 1 ,
1 9 5 0 -3 8 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 9 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 5 ,
1 9 5 0 -3 4 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 2 ,
2 0 2 5 -3 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 9 ,
1 9 5 0 -3 2 ,
1 9 5 0 -2 5 ,
1 9 0 0 -5 5 ,

70 ce n ts
$ 1.10
$ 1.10
$ 1.10
70 ce n ts
$ 1.20
$ 1.10
70 ce n ts
$ 1.20
70 ce n ts
55 ce n ts

1 9 5 0 -2 2 ,
1 9 5 0 -2 3 ,
1 9 5 0 -1 0 ,
1 9 5 0 -7 2 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 9 ,
1 9 5 0 -6 8 ,
1 9 5 0 -2 4 ,
1 9 5 0 -7 3 ,
1 9 5 0 -2 9 ,
1 9 5 0 -1 9 ,
1 9 5 0 -7 5 ,
1 9 5 0 -5 1 ,
1 9 5 0 -1 8 ,
1 9 5 0 -4 7 ,
1 9 5 0 -3 7 ,
1 9 5 0 -1 1 ,
1 9 5 0 -1 6 ,
1 9 5 0 -1 5 ,
2 0 2 5 -8 ,

$ 1.20
$ 1.10
$ 1.20
$ 1.00

* Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change.
1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.

70 ce n ts
80 ce n ts

$ 1.10
$ 1.10
$ 1.20
$ 1.00

80 ce n ts

$ 1.10

80 c e n ts
70 ce n ts

$ 1.10
$ 1.20
$ 1.10

70 ce n ts

$ 1.10

Postage and Fees Paid
U.S. Department of Labor

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Washington, D.C. 20212

Third Class Mail

Official Business
Penalty for private use, $300

Lab-441

Bureau off Labor Statistics Regional Offices
Region I

Region It

Region lit

Region IV

1603 JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass 02203
Phone 223-6761 (Area Code 617)

Suite 3400
1515 Broadway
New York, N Y. 10036
Phone: 399-5406 (Area Code 212)

3535 Market Street,
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Phone: 596-1154 (AreaCode215)

Suite 540
>371 Peachtree St., N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Phone:881-4418 (Area Code 404)

Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
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New Jersey
New York
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Virgin Islands

Delaware
District of Columbia
Maryland
Pennsylvania
Virginia
West Virginia

Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee

Region V

Region VI

Regions VII and VIII

Regions IX and X

9th Floor, 230 S Dearborn St.
Chicago, III 60604
Phone: 353-1880 (AreaC ode312)

Second Floor
555 Griffin Square Building
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: 749-3516 (AreaCode214)

Federal Office Building
911 Walnut St., 15th Floor
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)

450 Golden GateAve.
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone:556-4678 (Area Code 415)

Arkansas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas

VII
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska

IX
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Nevada

Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin




VIII
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming

X
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington