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Ji /9<?o - : / Area Wage Survey York, Pennsylvania, Metropolitan Area, February 1976 Bulletin 1900-4 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Preface This bulletin p r o v i d e s resu lts o f a F e b r u a r y 1976 s u r v e y o f oc cu p a tion a l earn ings in the Y ork , Pennsylvania , Standard M etropolitan Statistical A r e a (Adams and Y ork Cou n ties). The s u r v e y was m a de as part o f the Bureau o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s ' annual a r e a wage s u r v e y p r o g r a m , w hich is d esign ed to y ield data f o r in dividual m e t r o p o l ita n a r e a s as w e ll as national and r e g io n a l es t im a te s f o r all Stan dard M etropolitan Statistical A r e a s in the United States, excludin g A la sk a and Hawaii. A m a j o r c o n s id e r a tio n in the a r e a wage s u r v e y p r o g r a m is the need to d e s c r i b e the l e v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w ag es in a v a r ie t y o f la b o r m a r k e t s , through the an alysis of (1) the l e v e l and distribu tion o f w a g es by occu pation , and (2) the m o v e m e n t o f w ag es b y o ccu pation al c a t e g o r y and sk ill l e v e l. The p r o g r a m dev elop s in form a tion that m a y be u sed f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s , in cluding wage and s a la r y a d m in is tr a tio n , c o lle c t iv e bargaining, and a s s i s t a n c e in d eterm in in g plant lo c a t io n . S u r v e y r esu lts a l s o ar e u sed b y the U.S, D epartm ent o f L a b o r to make w age d eterm ina tion s under the S e r v ic e C on tr a c t A c t o f 1965. Currently , 84 a r e a s a r e included in the p r o g ra m . (See l i s t of a r e a s on inside b a ck c o v e r . ) In e a c h a r e a , occu pation al earn ings data a r e c o lle c t e d annually. In form ation on e stab lis h m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta r y w age ben efits is obtained e v e r y th ird y ear. E a ch y ea r after all in dividual a r e a ' w a g e s u r v e y s have been co m p le t e d , two s u m m a r y bulletin s a r e is s u e d . The f i r s t brin gs tog eth er data f o r eac h m et ro p o lita n a r e a su r v e y e d ; the se c o n d p r e s e n ts national and r e g io n a l e s t im a te s , p r o je c t e d f r o m in d i vidu al m e t ro p o lita n a r e a data. The Y o r k s u r v e y was conducted by the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in Philadelp hia , P a., under the g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n of Irwin L . Feigenb au m , A s s i s tant R e g io n a l C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r O p era tion s. The s u r v e y could not have been a c c o m p li s h e d without the c o o p e r a tio n o f the m a ny f i r m s w hose wage and s a la r y data p r o v id e d the b a s i s f o r the sta tistica l in form ation in this bulletin. The Bureau w is h e s to e x p r e s s s i n cere a p p r e c ia tio n fo r th e c o o p e r a tio n r e c e iv e d . Note: A l s o availab le o f union wage rates trades. F r e e c o p ie s the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l ad d resses.) f o r the Y o rk a r e a are listings f o r sev en s e l e c t e d building o f these ar e availa ble f r o m offices. (See back c o v e r f o r Bulletin 1900-4 A rea W age Survey: June 1976 York, Pennsylvania, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, W. J. Usery, Jr., Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Julius Shiskin, Commissioner M etropolitan A rea February 1976 Contents Page I n t r o d u c t i o n ________________________________________ 2 Page Appendix A. Appendix B. Scope and method o f s u r v e y ________ 11, O ccupational d e s c r i p t i o n s __________ 14 Tables: A. Earnin gs: A - l . W eekly earnings o f o f f ic e w o r k e r s . . . A - 2 . W eekly earnings o f p r o f e s s io n a l and tech nical w o r k e r s ______________ A - 3 . A v e r a g e w eek ly earnin gs o f o f f i c e , p r o f e s s io n a l, and tech nical w o r k e r s , by s e x ____________________ A - 4 . H ourly earnings o f m ain ten an ce, t o o l r o o m , and powerplant w o r k e r s ______________________________ A - 5 . H ourly earnings o f m a te r ia l m ov em en t and custodia l w o r k e r s ______________________________ A - 6 . A v e r a g e h ourly earnin gs of main tenance, t o o l r o o m , p o w e r plant, m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t , and cu s tod ia l w o r k e r s , by s e x __________ A - 7 . P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s in average h o u r ly earnings fo r s elected o ccu pation al g rou p s, adjusted f o r em ploym ent s h i f t s _______________ 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover. Price 55 cents. Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents. Introduction This a rea is 1 o f 84 in w hich the U.S. D epartm ent o f L a b o r 's B ureau of L ab or S tatistics con d u cts su rv ey s o f o ccu p a tion a l ea rn in gs and r e la ted b en efits. In this a r e a , data w e re obtained by a com bin a tion of p e r s o n a l v is it , m a il qu estion n a ire, and telephone in terv iew . R ep resen ta tiv e e s ta b lis h m en ts w ithin six b roa d in d u stry d iv is io n s w e re c o n ta cted : M an ufacturin g; tra n sp orta tion , co m m u n ica tion, and oth er pu blic u tilitie s ; w h olesa le tra d e; r e ta il tra d e; fin a n ce, in su ra n ce , and rea l estate; and s e r v ic e s . M a jor in du stry grou ps ex clu d ed fr o m th ese studies a re g overn m en t operation s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u stries. E s ta b lis h m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n um ber of w o r k e r s a r e om itted b e c a u se o f in su fficie n t e m p lo y m en t in the occu p a tion s studied. S eparate tabu la tion s a r e p rov id ed f o r ea ch of the b ro a d in du stry d iv is io n s w hich m eet p u b lica tion c r ite r ia . (c) m ain ten an ce, t o o lr o o m , and pow erp lan t, and (d) m a te r ia l m ov em en t and cu stod ia l. In the 31 la r g e s t su rv e y a r e a s , ta b les A - l a through A -6 a p ro v id e s im ila r data fo r esta b lish m en ts em p loyin g 500 w o rk ers or m ore. T able A -7 p r o v id e s p e r ce n t changes in a v e r a g e h ou rly earn in g s o f o ffic e c le r i c a l w o r k e r s , e le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , in d u stria l n u rse s , sk ille d m ain ten an ce tra d es w o r k e r s , and u n sk illed plant w o r k e r s . W h ere p o s s ib le , data are p r e se n te d fo r a ll in d u str ie s , m anu factu ring, and nonm an ufacturin g. This table "p rovides a m e a s u re of w age tren ds a fte r elim in a tion of changes in a v e ra g e earn in g s ca u sed by em p loym en t sh ifts am ong e s ta b lish m en ts as w e ll as tu rn ov er of esta b lish m en ts in clu d ed in s u r v e y sa m p les. F o r fu rth er d eta ils, see appendix A . A pp en dixes A - s e r i e s ta bles A pp en d ix A d e s c r ib e s the m ethods and c o n cep ts u sed in the a rea w age su rv e y p r o g r a m and p r o v id e s in fo rm a tio n on the s c o p e o f the su rvey . T a b les A - 1 through A -6 p rov id e e stim a tes o f stra ig h t-tim e w eek ly o r h o u rly earn ings fo r w o r k e r s in occu p ation s com m on to a v a r ie ty of m anu fa ctu rin g and nonm anufacturing in d u stries. O ccu p a tions w e re s e le c te d fr o m the follow in g c a te g o r ie s : (a) O ffice c le r ic a l, (b) p r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ica l, A pp endix B p r o v id e s job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed by B ureau fie ld e c o n o m is ts to c la s s ify w o r k e r s by occu p ation . 2 A. Earnings Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in York, Pa., February 1976 N u m b e r of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— N ber um O ccupation and industry d ivision w orkers 1 weekly hours1 (standard] M * ean M edian* M iddle range* 1 ------ S 1 S S 1 1 ------ s S S S S S S S S s S S 1 ----95 100 105 n o 90 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 and u n d er and 95 100 105 - - 1 1 120 130i 140 ISO 160 170 18p 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 2' 2 47 16 31 40 2ff 12 59 43 16 64 45 19 72 53 19 77 63 14 54 45 9 43 42 1 39 28 11 37 36 1 13 8 5 8 5 3 13 5 8 1 1 - 17 17 - 3 3 - 4 2 2 1 1 6 6 1 1 - 1 1 - 2 2 no 270 over ALL WO RK ER S 594 440 154 $ $ $ $ 4 0 .0 165.50 160.00 1 4 0 .00 -1 86 .50 4 0.0 169.50 163.50 1 4 5 .00 -1 88 .50 4 0.0 1S4.00 148.00 1 2 4 .00 -1 70 .50 a 56 40 3 9.5 203.00 207.50 1 9 5 .0 0 -2 23 .50 3 9.5 211.50 207.50 203.0W -217.50 _ - - - 4 • - 2 • 3 3 1 1 1 1 6 4 16 15 6 6 4 2 5 SE CR ETARIES* CL AS S B M A N U FA CT UR IN G NONMANUFACTURING — 133 108 25 4 0 .0 179.00 175.00 1 5 9 .0 0 -1 95 .00 4 0 .0 181.50 179.50 1 6 0 .50 -1 97 .50 4 0.0 167.00 159.50 1 50 .00 -1 78 .50 — - - “ * • - 3 1 2 9 6 3 5 5 * 20 12 8 21 19 2 17 11 6 13 13 - 18 16 2 16 16 - 1 1 1 1 - 3 2 1 _ - SECRETARIES* CLASS C MA N U F A C T U R I N G — NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G --- 250 167 83 4 0.0 162.50 156.00 1 3 8 .00 -1 75 .00 4 0.0 166.50 160.00 1 4 2 .50 -1 77 .50 4 0.0 154.00 147.00 1 2 8 .50 -1 65 .00 - • - . ” • “ 16 1 15 24 15 9 28 18 10 33 24 9 36 25 11 28 19 9 28 25 3 14 13 1 13 6 7 5 5 - 6 1 5 3 2 1 5 3 2 . - SE CR ET AR IE S. CL AS S 0 — M A N U FA CT UR IN G 155 125 40.0 146.00 1146.50 1 2 6 .00 -1 62 .00 4 0 .0 150.50 150.00 1 3 3 .00 -1 68 .00 • - 1 2 - 27 15 13 12 22 19 24 16 16 16 25 22 8 8 15 15 2 2 ST EN OGRAPHERS. GE NE RA L -----MA N U F A C T U R I N G ----- — ----NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------- 102 61 41 4 0.0 135.00 129.00 1 1 7 .5 0 -1 42 .00 4 0.0 129.00 126.50 1 1 5 .00 -1 40 .00 4 0.0 144.50 135.00 1 2 0 .00 -1 50 .00 1 — 1 • - _ 2 2 25 21 4 24 15 9 19 10 9 14 9 5 7 5 2 1 1 5 1 4 . “ - - - - - - S T EN OG RA PH ER S* SE NI OR -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---- 79 49 30 40.0 148.00 139.00 1 2 5 .50 -1 61 .50 4 0.0 167.00 146.50 1 2 6 .5 0 -1 62 .00 4 0 .0 149.50 134.50 1 2 0 .5 0 -1 55 .00 • . - - 4 2 2 - 24 18 6 10 3 7 8 7 1 9 4 5 8 8 * 2 2 - 4 2 1 1 - 1 2 1 1 2 TYPISTS. CL AS S A — MANUFACTURING — 96 95 4 0.0 137.50 139.00 1 2 7 .5 0 -1 47 .00 4 0.0 137.00 138.50 1 2 7 .5 0 -1 47 .00 - 18 18 21 21 29 29 15 15 2 1 1 1 151 97 54 4 0.0 122.50 115.00 1 0 5 .0 0 -1 28 .00 4 0.0 119.50 115.00 108.00-125.-50 4 0.0 128.00 105.00 9 4 .0 0 -1 4 5 .0 0 16 10 8 2 7 5 2 2 2 * 7 2 5 * - - - 9 8 .5 0 -1 2 5 .0 0 • - - - 1 - - - - • 1 1 - 1 1 S E CR ET AR IE S ---MA N U F A C T U R I N G — N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --secretaries* class manufacturing TY PISTS. CL AS S B ----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----NONMANUFACTURING — -- “ • “ - 4 - - 2 2 " 8 8 16 8 8 12 9 3 23 21 2 28 25 3 30 25 5 2 20 4 6 12 _ 10 10 3 2 1 1 • - 1 - - 4 3 - 1 2 1 _ 4 _ - 2 -- - - - - - - - - - • 3 3 - 30 - _ 8 - 8 - - - • 1 1 • i i FI LE CLERKS, CL A S S C ------ 74 4 0 .0 112.00 115.00 ME S S E N G E R S --------- 29 4 0.0 118.50 118.50 1 02 .00 -1 30 .00 3 2 3 1 6 5 7 1 1 118 85 33 4 0.0 129.50 121.50 1 1 5 .5 0 -1 39 .00 4 0.0 132.50 125.00 1 1 6 .5 0 -1 41 .50 4 0.0 121.00 120.00 1 1 4 .0 0 -1 20 .00 - - 4 1 3 6 2 4 1 1 * 29 20 9 41 30 11 11 9 2 7 7 * 4 1 3 11 11 * 1 1 * * OR DE R C L E R K S ---------- — M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---- --- — --- 53 52 4 0.0 146.00 142.00 1 2 6 .0 0 -1 65 .00 4 0.0 146.50 142.50 1 2 7 .50 -1 65 .00 1 1 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 1 7 7 7 7 4 4 2 2 14 14 . - “ - - 8 8 AC CO U N T I N G CLERKS, CL AS S A — M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------- --nonmanufacturing — 103 • • 45 4 0.0 160.00 158.50 1 4 2 .00 -1 76 .00 40.0 168.00 160.00 1 4 6 .00 -1 88 .50 4 0.0 149.50 147.50 1 2 4 .50 -1 61 .50 • - - 1 1 * 1 1 * 9 1 8 10 3 7 4 3 1 15 8 7 16 10 6 18 11 7 5 4 1 10 7 3 7 3 4 2 1 1 AC C O U N T I N G CLERKS* CL AS S B M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----NONMANUFACTURING 253 95 158 4 0.0 126.50 124.00 1 0 8 .00 -1 41 .50 4 0.0 140.50 136.50 1 24 .00 -1 48 .00 4 0.0 117.50 113.00 1 02 .00 -1 30 .00 4 4 18 31 4 27 31 10 21 46 23 23 28 15 13 50 22 28 5 5 6 6 3 3 . • . 18 27 3 24 * " * * * 27 27 39.0 183.50 160.00 1 58 .50 -2 22 .00 39.0 183.50 160.00 1 58 .50 -2 22 .00 - - - - - 4 4 - 1 1 - - - - s w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t i o n i s t s manufacturing nonmanufacturing — BO O K K E E P I N G - M A C H I N E OPERATORS* manufacturing S ee fo o tn o te s --------- at en d SB - o f ta b le s . 3 10 10 * 1 - - - * * • - , _ * 12 12 - - - 4 4 • - * - - - - — Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in York, Pa., February 1976— Continued Weekly earnings (standard) Number 1 N u m b e r of workers receiving straight-time w e ekly earning s of-- S S Avorago S weekly hours1 (standard) 95 100 95 O ccupation and industry d ivision 100 105 90 Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range2 S s S S S i S S s S s S s no 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 n o . 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 - 105 S S S S s 230 240 250 260 270 and under and 240 250 260 270 over ALL W O RK ER S— C O NT IN UE D BO O K K E E P I N G - M A C H I N E OP ER AT OR S* CLASS B M A NU FA CT UR IN G 77 49 $ $ $ $ 3 9.5 138.50 130.00 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 60 .00 3 9.0 154.00 132.50 1 3 0 .0 0 -1 6 7 .SO — - - 3 14 2 10 6 18 18 2 2 * 8 7 - * * 6 6 6 6 - * 10 2 - - * • * BI LL I N G - M A C H I N E B I LL ER S — 27 4 0.0 141.50 130.00 1 2 4 .0 0 -1 52 .50 - - - - 5 5 6 3 5 - - - 1 - - 2 - - - - - 101 93 3 9 .5 136.50 135.00 1 15 .00 -1 50 .00 3 9.5 135.50 135.00 1 15 .00 -1 50 .00 - 9 9 5 5 13 12 15 12 16 15 13 12 13 12 1 1 7 7 1 1 _ - - - — * 1 " - * 4 4 . - 3 3 * * KE YP U N C H OP ER AT OR S* CL AS S A MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------- 93 46 4 0 .0 159.00 140.00 1 22 .50 -1 71 .00 4 0.0 186.00 174.00 139.50 -2 32 .50 - • _ - 2 2 11 5 2 2 1 1 6 6 - * 6 6 - * 9 9 - * 10 3 - “ 17 7 • - 20 4 — - 9 1 ** * K E YP UN CH OP ER AT OR S* CL AS S B M A N U F A C T U R I N G --- — — --- — 254 103 4 0.0 112.00 110.00 9 9 .5 0 -1 2 4 .5 0 4 0.0 122.50 124.50 1 15 .50 -1 29 .50 47 7 17 1 52 7 8 4 53 23 38 35 25 17 9 4 3 3 2 2 PA YR OL L CL ER KS --------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---- See fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le s . 4 * • * * - - Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in York, Pa., February 1976 N u m b e r of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— S no Median * Middle range* 120 130 130 140 1 $ S S S 150 160 170 150 160 170 180 190 8 and under 120 s 140 s S s S S s s s 190 200 210 22 0 230 240 250 260 280 200 210 220 230 240 250 250 280 300 s S S S 300 320 340 380 320 340 380 420 * * • Mean * % © 00 Occupation and industry division $ Average weekly hours1 (standard) M Number of workers ALL WORKERS COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS $ $ $ $ A O .O COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS), 1 AS 35 U K A r 1L K b 1 V.I»A j O A n A W U r A s. » U K 1 N o * " " " " M M N U rA t I U K I n u * • • "* ""* * m mm — J“ " " 159.00 157.50 145.00156.50 157.50 145.00- 172.00 164.00 218.J50-254.00 15 12 3 * 21 18 “ " 40.0 210.00 194,00 183.00-245.00 1 See footnotes at end of tables. 4 1 5 1 1 * 5 * Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex in York, Pa., February 1976 Average (mean2 ) Average (mean2 ) Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of woiken Weekly hours 1 [standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - Weekly earnings 1 (standard) Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division WOMEN Weekly hours 1 [standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) 165.50 40.0 169.50 154.00 40.0 112.00 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS. CLASS 5 39. S 211.50 118 40.0 121.00 40 1 40.0 162.50 40.0 154.00 ^ 5 *® 39 '00 _ 1 '_ ^ 160.50 /A 254 40.0 112.00 40.0 158.50 / A 40 0 ^39 SO m 129.00 DRAFTERS. CLASS C 121.00 a* H 40.0 ls.4.50 H A N U r A v 1U _____ __ N 87 " " ______ _ ^ * See footnotes at end of tables. - COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS). CLA j S b H A N U r A L 1U N I iy u 4 Q .0 A — A 30 i — PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN 140.00 146.00 150.50 v u t iU H n U Weekly earnings 1 (standard) 40.0 129.50 33 o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t i o n i s t s - 40.0 167.00 y Weekly standard) - 179.00 1 t l iV W H A r ■'U K j Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of workers 32 74 switchboard 83 Average (mean2) OF FI CE OC CU PA TI ON S WO M E N — CONT IN UE D OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED $ 40 Number of woiken 6 . 159 Of ----------------------------------------------- 72 40.0 178.00 40.0 Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in York, Pa., February 1976 N u m b e r of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— Hourly earnings3 Sex, occupation, and industry divisic S S s S S S s t t s S S S s S S S s I T i $ T ----3 .00 3 .20 3 .* 0 3.60 3.80 * .0 0 * .2 0 * .* 0 * . 6 0 * .8 0 5 .00 5 .20 5»*0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .00 6.20 6 .*0 6.60 6 .8 0 7.00 7 .* 0 7.80 of workers Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 and under 3.20 3 .* 0 3 .60 3.80 * t 00 * .2 0 * .* 0 * .6 0 * .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .20 5 .*0 5.60 5 .80 6.00 6.20 6 .* 0 6 .60 6 .80 7fQ? 7 .*0 7 .80 8.20 ALL WORKERS 33 27 $ 5 .3 0 5 .1 6 $ 5 .3 6 5 .00 $ $ * .6 7 - 5 .9 3 * .5 7 - 5.36 • - • * - - * 2 2 - 18* 169 5 .9 6 5 .8 3 5.81 5 .6 7 5 .2 6 - 6.11 5 .2 1 - 5.97 • * . * • * * 2 2 9 9 MAINTENANCE MACHINISTS MANUFACTURING ---- 151 1*9 5 .5 8 5 .5 6 5.81 5.81 5 .2 6 - 5 .9 * 5 .2 * - 5 .9 * . - . * • - • - — 5 5 1 1 MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) MANUFACTURING ----- 327 265 5 .6 8 5 .* 2 5 . *8 5 .* 6 * .7 2 - 7.08 * .3 5 - 5.85 • • • * * 2 2 31 31 25 25 MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR VEHICLES) MANUFACTURING -------NONMANUFACTURING ----PUBLIC UTILITIES --- 176 55 121 165 S .89 * .7 9 6 .3 8 6 .5 5 6 .* * * .* 0 6 .9 2 7.11 * .* 0 * .3 8 5 .9 7 6 .* * - 7.11 5.13 7.26 7.26 3 3 - 6 6 * • - • “ 3 3 3 52 52 6 .2 9 6 .2 9 5 .7 6 5 .7 6 5 .3 0 - 7 .62 5 .3 0 - 7.62 _ - * “ • - 118 97 * .5 6 * .* 8 * .6 0 * .5 9 * .0 9 - * .9 * 3 .7 7 - * .6 5 3 3 6 6 7 7 56 56 6 .* 6 6 .* 6 7.01 7.01 5 .5 7 - 7.28 5 .5 7 - 7.28 - • * - 227 227 6 .3 8 6 .3 0 6 .3 6 6 .3 6 6 .0 1 - 6.73 6 .0 1 - 6 .7 3 STATIONARY ENGINEERS MANUFACTURING ---- 25 25 6 .6 6 6 .6 6 6 .3 6 6 .3 6 5 .7 1 - 7 .62 5 .7 1 - 7 .62 BOILER TENDERS — MANUFACTURING ---- 37 37 *.6 1 *.6 1 *.8 1 *.8 1 3 .9 2 - 5 .2 * 3 .9 2 - 5 .2 * MAINTENANCE CARPENTERS m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---— maintenance electricians MANUFACTURING MAINTENANCE PIPEFITTERS m a n u f a c t u r i n g ----MAINTENANCE trades helpers manufacturing — MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS (TOOLROOM) MANUFACTURING ----TOOL AND DIE MAKERS -----MANUFACTURING - 5 5 2 2 1 1 5 5 6 6 - - - “ 11 5 * - * 18 18 8 8 * * 7 7 22 22 15 15 *6 *6 8 8 1 1 - - 22 \ 22 2 2 7 7 6 6 1* 1* 11 11 55 55 2 2 2* 2* 9 9 7 7 6 6 33 28 2 2 20 9 -39 38 1* 1* ** ** 5 5 3 3 3 11 5 6 - 21 20 1 1 6 6 - 9 9 9 * 3 1 1 3 1 2 - 3 1 2 - 2 • 2 - 10 3 7 7 2 2 1 . * • - • - • - * * — * 3 3 13 13 6 6 . * * * 9 9 2 2 6 6 8 8 16 16 2* 2* 2 2 * * • - - - * . - - - - - • - 1 1 - - - - 2 2 23 8 19 19 2 “ - - • - • - • * 1 1 * 3 • 1 1 *3 1 38 38 • • - 1* • 1* 11 8 8 8 * * * 52 1 51 51 12 6 6 6 * - - * • - 2 2 20 20 • - • - - - . - 3 3 2 2 5 5 . * T - . * • * 3 7 7 * 9 9 1 1 3 3 - _ - . - 3 3 - 28 28 2 2 _ 3 1* 1* . - 2 2 8 8 * * 23 23 *3 *3 30 30 17 17 *6 *6 18 18 3 3 7 7 12 12 1 3 3 * * * * • - 1 1 - - - , * * 12 12 . * • . 1 _ 8 8 1 1 1 1 See footnotes at end of tables. 21 - 7 3 3 3 3 9 9 8 8 * 4 • • - Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in York, Pa., February 1976 N u m b e r of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— Hourly earnings 4 I 2.30 2 .4 0 $ Number Occupation and industry division workers M ean 2 Median * Middle range * t s $ s $ $ 5 5 s 5 $ i $ $ s s S $ ’ 5 5 2 .60 2 .80 3 .00 3.20 3 .40 3 .6 0 3 . SO 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6.00 6 .2 0 6 .60 7.00 and under 2.40 2 .6 0 2 .80 3 .00 3.20 3 .4 0 3.60 3.80 4.0Q. 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5.00 5 .20 5 .4 0 5.60 5 .8 0 6.QQ 6 .i 6.6Q 7.0Q 7.4Q ALL W ORKERS $ $ $ $ 66 44 20 20 22 28 24 4 48 35 13 14 14 64 18 46 - 86 3 83 434 434 395 1 44 43 52 6 152 15 15 TRUCKDRIVERSt HEAVY TRUCK 25 25 - 74 3 147 TRUCKDRIVERS* HEAVY TRUCK 94 16 16 3*77 4*7? 5*04 12 130 4 .0 9 726 . 6 5 5 4 .1 8 7*0^ 14 14 16 10 6 26 14 12 23 21 79 79 2 24 24 13 97 64 33 29 29 1 17 4 32 32 60 S3 25 23 23 48 48 39 39 60 34 34 51 19 W ATCH EN1 M 34 3 .72 3 .5 7 2 .9 6 - 4 .3 4 21 23 20 12 13 9 33 33 26 18 27 27 27 27 30 30 68 68 26 26 148 148 8 23 23 8 58 32 26 8 47 47 124 124 35 14 14 12 29 22 7 See footnotes at end of tables. 27 27 guards« 433 148 - 50 36 36 50 50 7*1^ 37 37 JANITORS* PORTERS* AN CLEANERS ----D - 15 27 27 78 78 113 113 15 36 36 39 23 50 31 5 12 35 35 15 15 50 50 16 16 3 #0C j w^ - 33 33 23 23 25 25 T a b le A - 6 . A v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s o f m a in t e n a n c e , t o o lr o o m , p o w e r p la n t , m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t , a n d c u s t o d ia l w o r k e r s . b y s e x , in Y o r k , P a ., F e b r u a r y 197 6 Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of workers Average (m ean 2 ) Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division earnings4 MAINTENANCE, t o o l r o o m , a n d POWERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - MEN Number of workers Average (m ean *) hourly earnings 4 MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED $ TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY 11IAN 1KA 1 TRUCK f $ *"*^6 MAINTENANCE MECHANICS m a i n t e n a n c e (MACHINERY) - m e c h a n i c s 167 46 121 59 , . 6.38 52 6*^0 MACHINE-TOOL j OPERATORS (TOOLROOM) - ______ 5 6 PUBLIC 6.46 UTILITIES --- ------- ---- ~r ,- 1n 1 AVrIAHT LliO iNuwiw 150 7 I 04 200 GUARDS) JW WATCHMEN) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t a n d OCCUPATIONS - , porter MANUFACTURING c u s t o o i a l j a n i t o r s MEN MATERIAL 92 TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY s , a n d c l e a n e r s ----------------------- MOVEMENT AND 333 239 CUSTODIAL 3.88 TRUCK 77 JANITORS, PORTERS, MANUFACTURING See footnotes at end of tables. 9 a n d CLEANERS --- 84 3.79 4.09 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, adjusted for employment shifts, in York, Pa., February 1976 Industry and occupational group (m e n and w o m e n combined) Fe bruary 1972 to Fe bruary 1973 February 1973 to February 1974 Fe bruary 1974 to F e br ua ry 1975 February 1975 to February 1976 All industries: Office clerical___________________________________ Electronic data processing______________________ Industrial n u r s e s ________ ___ ____________ ______ Skilled maintenance trades * * _____________ _____ Unskilled plant workers * * ___________ ________ 4.9 * 5.8 7.1 6.6 5.1 * 7.0 5.5 6.0 9.6 *** 5.1 10.5 9.4 7.5 *** 9.7 8.8 8.5 Manufacturing: Office clerical___________________________________ Electronic data processing______________________ Industrial n u r s e s ____ ___________________________ Skilled maintenance trades * * _______ _________ Unskilled plant workers * * _ ______ _____ ___ _ _ 5.3 * 5.8 6.3 6.0 5.5 * 7.0 5.6 6.3 9.5 *** *** 11.3 9.7 7.1 *** *** 8.7 9.0 Nonmanufacturing: Office clerical___________________________________ Electronic data processing______________________ Industrial n u r s e s ________________ _ _ . ____ ____ Skilled maintenance trades * * ___________________ Unskilled plant workers * * ______________________ *** * *** *** 7.6 *** * *** *** 5.8 *** *** *** *** 8.9 *** *** *** *** 7.6 * ** *** Data not available. Percent increases for periods ending prior to 1976 relate to m e n only. Data do not m e e t publication criteria. Footnotes 1 Standard hours reflect the w o r k w e e k for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime at regular and/or p r e m i u m rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 The m e a n is computed for each job by totaling the earnings of all workers and dividing by the n u m b e r of workers. The me di an designates position— half of the employees surveyed receive m o r e and half receive less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by 2 rates of pay; a fourth of the workers earn less than the lower of these rates and a fourth earn m o r e than the higher rate. 3 Earnings data relate only to workers whose sex identification wa s provided by the establishment. 4 Excludes p r e m i u m pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 10 Appendix A A r e a w age and re la te d b en efits data a r e obtained by p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u reau fie ld r e p re s e n ta tiv e s at 3 -y e a r in te r v a ls . 1 In each o f the in te r vening y e a r s , in fo rm a tio n on em p loym en t and o ccu p a tion a l ea rn in g s is c o l le c te d by a com b in a tion o f p e r s o n a l v is it , m a il q u estion n a ire, and telephon e in terv iew fr o m e sta b lish m en ts p a rticip a tin g in the p r e v io u s su rvey . In each o f the 84 1 a r e a s c u r re n tly su rv ey ed , data are obtain ed fr o m 2 r e p re s e n ta tiv e esta b lish m en ts within six b roa d in du stry d iv is io n s : M an ufac tu ring; tra n sp o rta tio n , com m u n ica tio n , and oth er pu blic u tilitie s ; w h olesa le tra d e; r e ta il tr a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n ce , and r e a l esta te; and s e r v ic e s . M a jor in d u stry g rou p s ex clu d ed fr o m th ese studies a re g overn m en t o p e ra tio n s and the c o n s tru ctio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u str ie s . E sta b lish m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d num ber o f w o r k e r s are om itted b e c a u se o f in su ffic ie n t e m p lo y m ent in the o ccu p a tio n s studied. Separate tabu lation s are p rov id ed f o r each o f the b roa d in d u stry d iv is io n s w hich m e e t p u b lica tion c r it e r ia . T h ese su rv e y s a re con d u cted on a sam ple b a s is . The sam pling p r o c e d u r e s in v olv e d eta iled stra tifica tio n o f a ll esta b lish m en ts within the sc o p e o f an in div idu al a re a su rv ey by in d u stry and n um ber o f e m p lo y e e s . F r o m th is stra tifie d u n iv e r se a p ro b a b ility sam ple is s e le c t e d , w ith each esta b lish m en t having a p re d e te rm in e d ch a n ce o f se le c tio n . T o obtain optim u m a c c u r a c y at m inim um c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o rtio n o f la rg e than sm a ll e sta b lish m en ts is s e le c te d . When data a re co m b in e d , each esta b lish m en t is w eigh ted a c c o rd in g to its p r o b a b ility o f s e le c t io n , so that u nbiased estim a te s are g e n era ted . F o r e x a m p le, i f one out o f fou r esta b lish m en ts is s e le c t e d , it is given a w eight o f fou r to r e p re s e n t it s e lf plu s th re e o th e r s . An altern ate o f the sam e o r ig in a l p r o b a b ility is ch osen in the sam e in d u s tr y -s iz e c l a s s i fica tio n i f data a re not ava ila b le fr o m the o r ig in a l sam ple m e m b e r . If no su itable substitute is a v a ila b le, ad ditional w eigh t is a ssig n ed to a sam ple m e m b e r that is s im ila r to the m is s in g unit. O ccu p a tion s and ea rn in gs O ccu p ation s s e le cte d fo r study are co m m o n to a v a r ie ty of m a n u fa c tu rin g and n onm an ufacturin g in d u str ie s , and a re o f the follow in g ty p es: (1) O ffice c le r i c a l; (2) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (3) m a in ten an ce, t o o lr o o m , and p ow erp la n t; and (4) m a te r ia l m ov em en t and c u s to d ia l. O ccu p ation a l c la s s ific a t io n is ba sed on a u n iform set o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d esig n ed to take accou n t o f in te re sta b lish m e n t v a ria tion in duties within the sam e jo b . O c c u pation s s e le c t e d fo r study are lis te d and d e s c r ib e d in appendix B. U n less o th e rw is e in d ica ted , the earn in g s data fo llo w in g the jo b title s are fo r a ll in d u strie s c o m b in e d . E a rn in gs data fo r som e o f the occu p a tion s lis te d and 1 Personal visits were on a 2-year cycle before July 1972. 2 Included in the 84 areas are 14 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Austin, T ex .; Binghamton, N .Y . — a .; Birmingham, A la .; Fort Lauderdale— P Hollywood and West Palm Beach— Boca Raton, Fla.; Lexington— Fayette, K y .; Melbourne—Titusville— ocoa, Fla.; Norfolk— C Virginia Beach— Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va. — C .; Poughkeepsie— N. Kingston— Newburgh, N .Y .; Raleigh— Durham, N. C .; Stamford, Conn.; Syracuse, N. Y .; Utica— Rome, N .Y .; and Westchester County, N .Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies in approximately 70 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department o f Labor. 11 d e s c r ib e d , o r fo r som e in d u stry d iv is io n s w ithin the sc o p e o f the su rv e y , are not p re se n te d in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s , b e c a u se eith er (1) em p loym en t in the o ccu p a tio n is to o s m a ll to p ro v id e enough data to m e r it p resen ta tion , o r (2) th e re is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in div idu al estab lish m en t data. Sepa rate m e n 's and w o m e n 's ea rn in g s data a r e not p re se n te d when the num ber o f w o r k e r s not id en tified by sex is 20 p e r ce n t o r m o r e o f the m en o r w om en id e n tifie d in an o ccu p a tion . E a rn in gs data not shown sep a ra tely fo r in du stry d iv is io n s a r e in clu d ed in data fo r a ll in d u stries com bin ed . L ik e w is e , data a re in clu d ed in the o v e r a ll c la s s ific a tio n when a s u b c la s s ific a tio n o f e le c t r o n ic s te c h n ic ia n s , s e c r e t a r ie s , o r tr u c k d r iv e r s is not shown o r in fo r m a tion to s u b c la s s ify is not a v a ila b le . O ccu p a tion a l em p loym en t and ea rn in g s data a r e shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th ose h ired to w ork a re g u la r w eek ly sch ed u le. E a rn in gs data e x clu d e p rem iu m pay fo r p v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eeken ds, h olid a y s, and late sh ifts. N on production b on u ses a r e e x clu d ed , but c o s t -o f-li v i n g a llow a n ces and in cen tiv e bon u ses a re in clu d ed . W eekly h ou rs fo r o ffic e c l e r i c a l and p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l occu p a tio n s r e fe r to the standard w orkw eek (roun ded to the n e a r e st h alf hour) f o r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e regu la r s tra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e rtim e at re g u la r a n d /o r p re m iu m r a te s ). A v e ra g e w eek ly ea rn in g s fo r th ese occu p a tion s are rounded to the n e a r e s t h alf d o lla r . T h e se su rv ey s m e a s u re the le v e l o f occu p a tion a l earn in gs in an a rea at a p a rticu la r tim e . C o m p a r is o n s o f in div idu al occu p a tion a l a v e r a g e s o v e r tim e m a y not r e fle c t ex p e cte d w age ch a n g es. The a v e ra g e s fo r in dividu al jo b s a re a ffe c te d by ch a n ges in w ages and em p loym en t p a ttern s. F o r ex a m p le, p r o p o rtio n s o f w o r k e r s e m p loy ed by h ig h - o r low -w a g e fir m s m ay change, o r h igh -w a g e w o r k e r s m ay advance to b etter jo b s and be re p la c e d by new w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a te s . Such sh ifts in em p loym en t cou ld d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a tion al a v era g e even though m o s t esta b lish m en ts in an area in c r e a s e w ages during the y e a r . C hanges in earn in g s o f occu p a tion a l g ro u p s, shown in table A - 7 , are b e tte r in d ic a to rs o f w age tren d s than are ea rn in gs changes fo r in div idu al jo b s within the g ro u p s. A v e ra g e ea rn in gs r e fle c t c o m p o s ite , areaw id e e s tim a te s . In du stries and esta b lish m en ts d iffe r in pay le v e l and jo b staffin g, and thus con trib u te d iffe r e n tly to the e stim a te s fo r each jo b . P ay a v e r a g e s m ay fa il to r e fle c t a c c u r a te ly the w age d iffe r e n tia l am ong jo b s in in dividual esta b lish m en ts. A v e ra g e pay le v e ls fo r m en and w om en in se le cte d occu p a tion s should not be a ssu m ed to r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in pay o f the se x e s w ithin individu al esta b lis h m e n ts. F a c to r s w hich m a y con trib u te to d iffe r e n c e s in clude p r o g r e s s io n w ithin esta b lis h e d rate ra n g es (on ly the ra tes paid in cu m bents are c o lle c te d ) and p e r fo r m a n c e o f s p e c ific du ties w ithin the g e n e ra l su rv ey jo b d e s c r ip tio n s . Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed to c la s s ify e m p lo y e e s in th ese su rv ey s u su a lly a r e m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in individu al estab lish m en ts and a llow fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong esta b lish m en ts in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p a tion a l em p loym en t e stim a te s r e p r e s e n t the total in a ll e s ta b lish m en ts w ithin the sco p e o f the study and not the n um ber actu ally su rv ey ed . B e ca u se o c cu p a tio n a l s tru c tu re s am ong esta b lish m en ts d iffe r , e stim a te s o f occu p a tio n a l em p loym en t obtain ed fr o m the sa m ple o f esta b lish m en ts studied se r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s studied. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o ccu p a tio n a l stru ctu re do not a ffe c t m a te r ia lly the a c c u r a c y o f the earn in g s data. W age tre n d s fo r s e le c te d occu p a tion a l grou p s The p e r ce n t in c r e a s e s p resen ted in table A -7 a re b a sed on changes in a v era g e h o u rly earn in g s fo r esta b lish m en ts rep o rtin g the trend jo b s in both the cu r re n t and p r e v io u s y e a r (m atched esta b lis h m e n ts). The data are ad ju sted to r e m o v e the e ffe c t s on av era g e ea rn in g s o f em p loym en t sh ifts am ong e sta b lish m en ts and tu rn ov er o f esta b lish m en ts in clu ded in su rv ey sa m p le s. The p e r ce n t in c r e a s e s , h ow ev er, a re s till a ffected b y fa c to r s oth er than w age in c r e a s e s . H irin gs, la y o ffs , and tu rn ov er m a y a ffe ct an esta b lish m en t a v era g e fo r an occu p a tion when w o r k e r s are paid u nder plans p rov id in g a range o f w age ra te s fo r in div idu al jo b s . In p e r io d s o f in c r e a s e d h irin g , fo r e x a m p le, new e m p lo y e e s en ter at the bottom o f the ran ge, d e p r e s s in g the a v e ra g e w ithout a change in wage r a te s . E le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g (m en and w o m e n ): S killed m ain ten an ce (men and w o m e n ): C om p u ter sy ste m s a n a ly sts, c la s s e s A , B , and C C om p u ter p r o g r a m m e r s , c la s s e s A , B , and C C om p u ter o p e r a t o r s , c la s s e s A , B , and C C a rp e n te rs E le c t r ic ia n s P a in ters M a ch in ists M e ch a n ics (m a ch in ery ) M ech a n ics (m o to r v eh icle) P ip e fitte r s T o o l and die m a k e rs In d u stria l n u r s e s (m en and w o m e n ): R e g is te r e d in d u stria l n u r se s U n skilled plant (m en and w o m e n ): J a n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s M a te ria l handling la b o r e r s P e r c e n t ch a n ges fo r in dividu al a r e a s in the p r o g r a m are com pu ted as fo llo w s : O ccu p ation s u sed to com pu te w age tren d s a r e : O ffice c l e r i c a l (m en and w o m e n ): O ffice c l e r i c a l (m en and w o m e n )----Continued S e c r e ta r ie s S ten og ra p h ers, g e n e r a l S ten og ra p h ers, se n io r T y p is t s , c la s s e s A and B F ile c le r k s , c la s s e s A , B , and C Me s s e n g e r s S w itch board o p e r a t o r s O rd e r c le r k s A ccou n tin g c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B B ook k eep in g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B P a y r o ll c le r k s K eypunch o p e r a t o r s , c la s s e s A and B T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B E ach o ccu p a tio n is a ssig n ed a w eight b a sed on its p r o p ortion a te em p loy m en t in the o ccu p a tio n a l grou p in the b a se y e a r . 2. The p e r ce n t ch a n ges rela te to w age changes betw een the in dicated d a tes. When the tim e span betw een su rv ey s is oth er than 12 m on th s, annual ra te s a re show n. (It is assu m ed that w ages in c r e a s e at a constan t rate betw een s u r v e y s .) 1. T h ese w eigh ts a r e u sed to com pu te g rou p a v e r a g e s . E ach o c c u p a t io n 's a v era g e (m ean) ea rn in g s is m u ltip lied by its w eigh t. The p ro d u cts a re totaled to obtain a grou p a v e r a g e . 3. The ra tio o f g rou p a v e r a g e s fo r 2 c o n s e cu tiv e y e a r s is com p u ted by dividing the a v e ra g e fo r the cu r re n t y ear b y the a v e ra g e fo r the e a r lie r y e a r . The resu lt— e x p r e s s e d as a p e r ce n t— le s s 100 is the p e r ce n t change. F o r a m o r e d eta iled d e s c r ip tio n o f the m eth od u sed to com pu te th ese w age tr e n d s, see "Im p ro v in g A r e a Wage S u rvey In d e x e s , " M onthly L a b or R e v ie w , January 1973, pp. 5 2 -5 7 . E sta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su pp lem en tary w age p r o v is io n s T ab u lation s on s e le c te d esta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su pplem en tary w age p r o v is io n s ( B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) a r e not p r e se n te d in th is b u lletin . In fo r m ation fo r th ese tabu lation s is c o lle c t e d at 3 -y e a r in te r v a ls . 1 T h ese tabu la tion s on m in im u m en tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r in e x p e r ie n c e d o ffic e w o r k e r s ; shift d iffe r e n t ia ls ; sch ed u led w eek ly h ou rs and d a y s ; paid h o lid a y s ; paid v a c a tio n s ; and health, in s u r a n ce , and p en sion plans a re p r e se n te d (in the B - s e r i e s ta b les) in p r e v io u s b u lletin s fo r th is a re a . 1 Personal visits were on a 2-year cycle before July 1972. Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in York, Pa., February 1976 In d u s try d iv is io n 2 M in i m u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f s tu d y ALL DIVI SI ON S --------------------------------M A NU FA CT UR IN G -------------------------------------NO NM A N U F A C T U R I N G ----- ----- ---- -----------------TRANSPOR TA TI ON , COMM UN IC AT IO N, AND OT HE R PU 8L IC U T IL IT IE S 5 ----------------------------------------------w h o l e s a l e T R A O E 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------r e t a i l t r a d e 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l ESTATE 6 ----------------SERVICES* 7------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s N u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s W it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y 4 W it h in s c o p e o f stu d y 3 S tu d ie d S tu d ie d N um ber P ercen t 351 108 69,181 100 39,782 50 219 132 65 A3 50,499 18,682 73 27 30,802 8,960 50 50 50 50 50 25 17 55 13 22 12 5 11 5 10 4, 45 6 1,849 8,825 1,712 1,840 6 3 13 2 3 2,890 979 3,441 786 884 - 1 T h e Y o r k S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , a s d e f i n e d b y th e O f f i c e o f M a n a g e m e n t a n d B u d g e t t h r o u g h F e b r u a r y 1 9 7 4 , c o n s i s t s o f A d a m s a n d Y o r k C o u n tie s . T h e " w o r k e r s w it h i n s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h i s t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n o f th e l a b o r f o r c e i n c l u d e d in th e s u r v e y . E s t i m a t e s a r e n o t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , f o r c o m p a r i s o n w it h o t h e r e m p l o y m e n t i n d e x e s t o m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a ta c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d , a n d (2 ) s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1 9 6 7 e d i t i o n o f th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . 3 I n c l u d e s a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t a t o r a b o v e t h e m i n i m u m l i m i t a t i o n . A l l o u t l e t s ( w it h i n th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in i n d u s t r i e s s u c h a s t r a d e , fin a n c e , a u to r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o t io n p ic t u r e th e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d a s 1 e s ta b lis h m e n t . 4 I n c l u d e s a l l w o r k e r s in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t ( w i t h i n th e a r e a ) a t o r a b o v e th e m i n i m u m l i m i t a t i o n . 5 A b b r e v i a t e d t o " p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s " in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s . T a x i c a b s an d s e r v i c e s i n c i d e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a r e e x c l u d e d . 6 T h is d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " i n th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s . S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f d a ta is n o t m a d e f o r o n e o r m o r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g r e a s o n s : ( 1 ) E m p l o y m e n t i s t o o s m a l l to p r o v i d e e n o u g h d a ta t o m e r i t s e p a r a t e s t u d y , ( 2 ) t h e s a m p l e w a s n o t d e s i g n e d i n i t i a l l y t o p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , (3 ) r e s p o n s e w a s i n s u f f i c i e n t o r in a d e q u a t e t o p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , a n d ( 4 ) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t d a t a . 7 H o t e ls a n d m o t e l s ; l a u n d r i e s a n d o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r , r e n t a l , a n d p a r k i n g ; m o t i o n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n iz a t io n s (e x c lu d in g r e lig io u s a n d c h a r it a b le o r g a n iz a t io n s ); and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . 13 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The p r im a r y p u rp ose o f p rep a rin g jo b d e s c r ip tio n s fo r the B u r e a u 's w age su rv ey s is to a s s is t its fie ld sta ff in c la s s ify in g into ap p rop ria te occu p a tion s w o r k e r s who are e m p loy ed under a v a rie ty o f p a y r o ll title s and d iffe r e n t w ork arra n g em en ts fr o m esta b lish m en t to esta b lish m en t and fr o m a rea to area. T h is p e r m its the grou pin g o f occu p a tion a l w age ra tes r e p re s e n tin g co m p a ra b le jo b content. B eca u se o f th is em p h a sis on in teresta b lish m en t and in te r a r e a c o m p a ra b ility o f occu p a tio n a l con ten t, the B u re a u 's jo b d e s c r ip tio n s m a y d iffe r sig n ifica n tly fr o m th ose in use in in dividu al esta b lish m en ts o r th ose p r e p a r e d fo r oth er p u r p o s e s . In applying th ese jo b d e s c r ip tio n s , the B u re a u 's fie ld e c o n o m is ts are in stru cte d to ex clu d e w orkin g s u p e r v is o r s ; a p p re n tice s ; le a r n e r s ; b e g in n e r s ; tr a in e e s ; and h an dicapped, p a r t -t im e , te m p o ra ry , and p ro b a tio n a ry w o r k e r s . OFFICE SE C R E T A R Y SE C R E T A R Y— Continued A s sig n e d as p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o rm a lly to one in dividu al. M ain ta in s a c lo s e and h ighly r e s p o n s iv e rela tion sh ip to the d a y -to -d a y w ork o f the su p e r v is o r . W orks fa ir ly in depen den tly r e c e iv in g a m inim um o f d eta iled su p e r v isio n and g u id a n ce. P e r fo r m s v a r ie d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e ta r ia l d u ties, u su ally in clu din g m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : M ay a ls o p e r fo r m oth er c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l ta sk s o f co m p a ra b le n atu re and d ifficu lty . The w ork ty p ic a lly r e q u ir e s kn ow ledge o f o ffic e routine and understan din g o f the o rg a n iz a tio n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e la te d to the w ork o f the s u p e r v is o r . E x clu s io n s a. R e c e iv e s teleph on e c a lls , p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , and in com in g m a il, an sw ers routine in q u ir ie s , and r ou tes te c h n ic a l in q u ir ie s to the p r o p e r person s; b. E s ta b lis h e s , and r e v is e s the s u p e r v is o r 's file s ; a. P o s itio n s d e r ib M aintains the s u p e r v is o r 's ca len d a r and m a k es appointm entss cas e d ab ove; c. in stru cte d ; d. m a in ta in s, Not a ll p o s itio n s that are titled " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the above c h a r a c t e r is t ic s . E x a m p les o f p o s itio n s w hich a re e x clu d ed fr o m the d efin ition are as fo llo w s : R e la y s m e s s a g e s fr o m b. s u p e r v is o r to su b ord in a tes; e. R e v ie w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m em ora n d u m s, and r e p o rts p re p a re d by oth ers fo r the s u p e r v is o r 's sign atu re to a s s u re p r o c e d u r a l and ty p og ra p h ic accuracy; f. sio n a l, do not m e e t the " p e r s o n a l" s e c r e ta r y con cep t S ten og ra p h ers not fu lly tra in ed in s e c r e t a r ia l-t y p e du ties; c . S ten og ra p h ers serv in g as o ffic e a s sista n ts to a group o f p r o f e s te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n s ; d. S e c r e ta r y p o s itio n s in w hich the du ties a r e eith er su bstantially m o r e routine o r su bsta n tially m o r e c o m p le x and r e s p o n s ib le than th ose c h a r a c te r iz e d in the d efin ition ; P e r fo r m s sten og ra p h ic and typing w ork . w hich Beginning with ca len d a r y ea r 1976 su r v e y s , the B u reau has grou ped occu p a tio n s studied in its a re a w age su rv e y s into jo b fa m ilie s in o r d e r to p resen t in form a tion on re la te d o ccu p a tio n s in seq u en ce. Job fa m ilie s have not been title d , h o w e v e r, sin ce doing so m ight have added ex tra n eou s e lem en ts to the jo b m atching p r o c e s s . The B u reau has a ls o r e v is e d s e v e r a l o ccu p a tio n a l title s . w ord o r d e r and are m o r e d e s c r ip tiv e o f the su rv ey jo b s . 14 The title s m o r e n ea rly r e fle c t usual SE CRE TARY - ontinued S E C R E T A R Y — Continued C la ss C E x clu s io n s— Continued e. A s s is ta n t-ty p e p o s itio n s w hich in v olv e m o re d ifficu lt o r m o r e 1. S e c r e ta r y to an e x ecu tiv e o r m a n a g e ria l p e r so n w h ose r e s p o n r e s p o n s ib le te c h n ic a l, a d m in istra tiv e, s u p e r v is o r y , o r s p e c ia liz e d c le r i c a l sib ility is not equ ivalent to one o f the s p e c ific le v e l situ ations in the defin ition du ties w hich a re not ty p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r ia l w ork . fo r c la s s B , but w hose o rg a n iz a tio n a l unit n o rm a lly n u m bers at le a st s e v e r a l d ozen e m p lo y e e s and is u su ally div id ed into org a n iz a tio n a l segm en ts w hich are often , in tu rn, fu rth er su bd ivided. In som e c o m p a n ie s , th is le v e l in clu d es a N O T E : The te r m "c o r p o r a te o f f ic e r , " used in the le v e l d efin ition s w ide range o f o rg a n iz a tio n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o th e r s , on ly one o r tw o; o r fo llo w in g , r e fe r s to th ose o ffic ia ls who have a sign ifican t co rp o r a te w id e p olicy m a k in g r o le with r e g a rd to m a jo r com pa n y a c tiv itie s . The title "v ic e 2. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an in dividu al plant, fa c to r y , e tc . (or p r e sid e n t, " though n o rm a lly in d ica tiv e o f th is r o le , does not in a ll c a s e s oth er equ ivalent le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, few er than 5 ,0 0 0 iden tify such p o s itio n s . V ice p re sid e n ts w hose p r im a ry r e s p o n s ib ility is to person s. act p e r s o n a lly on in d iv id u al c a s e s o r tr a n sa ctio n s (e .g ., a p p rov e o r deny in dividu al loan o r c r e d it a ctio n s ; a d m in ister in dividu al tru st a cco u n ts ; d ir e c tly C la s s D s u p e rv ise a c l e r i c a l staff) are not c o n s id e r e d to be "c o r p o r a te o f f i c e r s " fo r 1. S e c r e ta r y to the s u p e r v is o r o r head o f a sm a ll org a n iz a tion a l unit p u rp o s e s o f applying the follow in g le v e l d e fin itio n s . (e .g ., fe w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ); cnr C la ss A 1. S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm a n o f the board o r p resid en t o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e ta r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s t a f f s p e c ia lis t, p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in istra tiv e o f f ic e r , o r a ssista n t, sk illed tech n icia n , o r ex p ert. (N O TE : Many c o m p a n ie s a ssign s te n o g r a p h e rs , rath er than s e c r e t a r ie s as d e s c r ib e d a b ov e, to this le v e l o f s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e r v iso r y w o rk e r .) STEN O GRAPH ER 2. S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f ic e r (oth er than the ch a irm a n o f the b oa rd o r p resid en t) o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 but fe w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; or 3. S e c r e ta r y to the head, im m e d ia te ly below the c o r p o r a te o f f ic e r le v e l, o f a m a jo r segm en t o r s u b s id ia ry o f a com pany that e m p loy s, in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . C la ss B P r im a r y duty is to take d icta tion using shorthand, and to tr a n s c r ib e the d icta tion . M ay a lso type fr o m w ritten c o p y . M ay op era te fr o m a ste n o g ra p h ic p o o l. M ay o c c a s io n a lly tr a n s c r ib e fr o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s (if p r im a ry duty is tr a n s c r ib in g fr o m r e c o r d in g s , see T r a n s c rib in g -M a c h in e T y p ist). N O T E : T h is jo b is d istin g u ish ed fr o m that o f a s e c r e ta r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o rm a lly w ork s in a co n fid e n tia l re la tion sh ip with only one m a n a ger o r ex ecu tiv e and p e r fo r m s m o r e r e s p o n s ib le and d is c r e tio n a r y ta sk s as d e s c r ib e d in the s e c r e ta r y jo b d e fin ition . 1. S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm a n o f the b oa rd o r p resid en t o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, fe w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; or 2. S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a te o ffic e r (oth er than the ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p re sid e n t) o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; or 3. S e c r e ta r y to the head, im m e d ia te ly below the o f f ic e r le v e l, o v e r e ith er a m a jo r c orp o ra tio n w id e fu n ction al a ctivity ( e .g ., m a rk etin g, r e s e a r c h , o p e r a tio n s , in d u stria l r e la tio n s , e tc .) o r a m a jo r g e og ra p h ic o r org a n iz a tion a l segm en t ( e .g ., a r e g io n a l h ea d q u a rters; a m a jo r d iv isio n ) o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 but fe w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s ; o r 4. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an individu al plant, fa c to r y , e tc . (or oth er equ ivalen t le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 5. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f a la rg e and im portan t org a n iz a tion a l segm en t (e .g ., a m id d le m anagem ent s u p e r v is o r of an org a n iza tion a l segm en t often in volvin g as m any as s e v e r a l hundred p e r s o n s ) o r a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 25, 000 p e r s o n s . S ten og rap h er, G en eral k eep D ictation in v o lv e s a n o rm a l routine v o ca b u la r y . M ay m aintain file s , sim p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m oth er r e la tiv e ly routine c l e r i c a l ta sk s. S ten og rap h er, Sen ior D ictation in v o lv e s a v a rie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o ca b u la ry such as in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o r ts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h . M ay a lso set up and m aintain f ile s , k eep r e c o r d s , e tc . OR P e r fo r m s sten og ra p h ic du ties re q u irin g sig n ifica n tly g re a te r in d e pen den ce and r e s p o n s ib ility than sten og ra p h er, g en era l as ev id en ced by the fo llo w in g : W ork r e q u ir e s a high d e g re e o f sten og rap h ic speed and a c c u r a c y ; a th orough w ork in g kn ow ledge o f g e n e r a l b u sin ess and o ffic e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f the s p e c ific b u sin e s s o p e r a tio n s , org a n iz a tio n , p o lic ie s , p r o c e d u r e s , file s , w o rk flo w , e tc . U ses this kn ow ledge in p e r fo r m in g sten ograph ic du ties and r e s p o n s ib le c l e r i c a l tasks such as m aintaining follow u p file s ; a ssem b lin g m a te r ia l fo r r e p o r t s , m e m o ra n d u m s, and le t te r s ; co m p o s in g sim p le le tte rs fr o m g e n e ra l in s tru ctio n s ; readin g and routing in com in g m a il; and an sw erin g routine q u e stio n s, e tc . T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E TYPIST SW ITCHBOARD O P E R ATO R P r im a r y duty is to tr a n s c r ib e dicta tion involvin g a n o rm a l routine v o ca b u la r y fro m tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e r e c o r d s . May a lso type fr o m w ritten c o p y and do sim p le c l e r i c a l w ork . W o rk e rs tr a n s c r ib in g d icta tion in volvin g a v a rie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o ca b u la ry such as leg a l b r ie fs o r r e p o rts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h are not in clu d ed . A w o rk e r who takes dicta tion in shorthand o r by Stenotype o r s im ila r m a ch in e is c la s s ifie d as a sten og ra p h er. O p era tes a telephon e sw itch boa rd o r c o n s o le used with a priv a te bran ch exch an ge (P B X ) sy stem to re la y in com in g , ou tgoin g, and in tra s y s te m c a lls . M ay p ro v id e in form a tion to c a lle r s , r e c o r d and tra n sm it m e s s a g e s , keep r e c o r d o f c a lls p la ced and to ll c h a r g e s . B e s id e s op era tin g a teleph on e sw itch b oa rd o r c o n s o le , m ay a lso type o r p e r fo r m routine c le r i c a l w ork (typing o r routine c le r i c a l w ork m ay o c cu p y the m a jo r p ortion o f the w o r k e r 's tim e , and is u su ally p e r fo r m e d w hile at the sw itch boa rd o r ^ c o n s o le ). C h ief o r lead o p e r a t o r s in esta b lish m en ts em p loyin g m o r e than one o p e r a to r are e x clu d ed . F o r an o p e r a to r who a lso acts as a r e c e p tio n is t,' see S w itchboard O p e r a to r -R e c e p tio n is t. TY PIST U ses a ty p e w rite r to m ake c o p ie s o f v a r io u s m a te r ia ls o r to m ake out b ills a fter c a lcu la tio n s have been m ade by another p e rso n . M ay in clude typing o f s t e n c ils , m a ts, o r s im ila r m a te r ia ls fo r use in duplicatin g p r o cesses. M ay do c l e r i c a l w ork in volvin g little s p e c ia l train in g , such as keeping sim p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r sorting and d istribu tin g in com in g m a il. SW ITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T At a an o p e r a to r — w ork in v o lv e s b u sin e s s and p ria te p e r so n a rran gin g an C la ss A . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : Typing m a te r ia l in fin a l fo r m when it in v o lv e s com bin in g m a te r ia l fr o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; or r e s p o n s ib ility fo r c o r r e c t sp ellin g , sy lla b ica tio n , punctuation, e t c ., o f te c h n ica l o r unusual w ord s o r fo r e ig n language m a te r ia l; o r planning layout and typing o f c o m p lica te d s ta tis tica l ta b les to m aintain u n iform ity and balance in sp acin g . May type routine form le t te r s , varyin g d eta ils to suit c ir c u m s t a n c e s . C la ss rough or c le a r o r setting up a lrea d y set up O RDER C LE R K R e c e iv e s c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s fo r m a te r ia l o r m e rch a n d ise by m a il, phone, o r p e r s o n a lly . D uties in v olv e any com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g : Q uoting p r ic e s to c u s to m e r s ; m aking out an o r d e r sheet listin g the ite m s to m ake up the o r d e r ; ch eck in g p r ic e s and -quantities o f ite m s on o r d e r sh eet; and distrib u tin g o r d e r sh eets to r e s p e c tiv e d epa rtm en ts to be fille d . May c h e ck with c r e d it departm en t to d eterm in e c r e d it rating o f c u s to m e r , a ck n ow l edge r e c e ip t o f o r d e r s fr o m c u s t o m e r s , fo llo w up o r d e r s to see that they have been fille d , keep file o f o r d e r s r e c e iv e d , and ch eck shipping in v o ic e s with o r ig in a l o r d e r s . B . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : Copy typing fr o m d r a fts ; o r routine typing o f fo r m s , in su ra n ce p o lic ie s , e tc .; sim p le standard tabu la tion s; o r copyin g m o r e c o m p le x ta b les and sp a ced p r o p e r ly . F IL E CLE RK F ile s , c la s s if i e s , and r e tr ie v e s m a te r ia l in an esta b lish ed filin g sy ste m . M ay p e r fo r m c le r i c a l and m anual tasks r e q u ire d to m aintain file s . P o sitio n s are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g d efin ition s. ACCOUNTING C LE R K C la ss A . C la s s ifie s and in d ex es file m a te r ia l such as c o r r e s p o n d e n ce , r e p o r t s , te c h n ic a l d ocu m en ts, e tc ., in an esta b lish ed filin g sy stem contain in g a num ber o f v a ried su b ject m atter f ile s . May a lso file this m a te r ia l. May keep r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s types in con ju n ction with the file s . M ay lead a sm a ll grou p o f low er le v e l file c le r k s . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e accou n tin g c l e r i c a l ta sk s such as p ostin g to r e g is t e r s and le d g e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank a ccou n ts; v e rify in g the in tern a l c o n sis te n c y , c o m p le t e n e s s , and m a th em a tica l a c c u r a c y o f accou n tin g d ocu m en ts; assign in g p r e s c r ib e d a ccou n tin g d is trib u tio n c o d e s ; exam inin g and v e rify in g fo r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s ty pes o f r e p o r t s , lis t s , ca lc u la tio n s , postin g, e t c .; o r p rep a rin g sim p le o r a s s is tin g i n ’p re p a rin g m o r e c o m p lica te d jo u rn a l vou ch ers. M ay w ork in eith er a m anual o r autom ated accoun tin g sy ste m . C la ss B. S o r ts , c o d e s , and file s u n c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by sim ple (su b je ct m a tter) headings o r p a rtly c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by fin e r subheadings. P r e p a r e s sim p le rela ted in dex and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e aids. A s req u ested , lo c a te s c le a r ly id en tified m a te r ia l in file s and fo r w a rd s m a te r ia l. May p e r fo r m rela ted c le r i c a l tasks req u ired to m aintain and s e r v ic e f ile s . The w ork r e q u ir e s a know ledge o f c l e r i c a l m eth od s and o ffic e p r a c t ic e s and p r o c e d u r e s w hich r e la te s to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s in g and r e co r d in g o f tr a n sa ctio n s and a ccou n tin g in fo rm a tio n . With e x p e r ie n c e , the w o rk e r ty p ic a lly b e c o m e s fa m ilia r with the book k eepin g and accoun tin g te r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u sed in the a ssig n ed w ork , but is not r e q u ire d to have a know ledge o f the fo r m a l p r in c ip le s o f bookkeeping and accou n tin g . C la ss C. P e r fo r m s routine filin g o f m a te r ia l that has a lrea d y been c la s s ifie d o r w hich is e a s ily c la s s ifie d in a sim p le s e r ia l c la s s ific a tio n sy stem (e .g ., a lp h a b etica l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e ric a l). A s r eq u ested , lo c a te s r e a d ily a v a ila b le m a te r ia l in file s and fo r w a rd s m a te r ia l; and m ay f ill out w ith draw al c h a rg e . May p e r fo r m sim p le c l e r i c a l and m anual tasks re q u ire d to m aintain and s e r v ic e file s . P o sitio n s d e fin itio n s . are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g C la ss A . Under g e n e r a l su p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s accoun tin g c le r i c a l o p e ra tio n s w hich r e q u ire the ap p lica tion o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju dgm en t, fo r e x a m p le , c le r i c a lly p r o c e s s in g c o m p lica te d o r n on rep etitiv e accoun tin g tr a n s action s, se le ctin g am ong a su bstantial v a rie ty o f p r e s c r ib e d accounting co d e s and c la s s ific a t io n s , o r tra cin g tra n sa ctio n s through p rev iou s accounting action s to d e te rm in e s o u r c e o f d is c r e p a n c ie s . M ay be a ssisted by one or m o r e c la s s B accoun tin g c le r k s . MESSENGER P e r fo r m s v a r io u s routine du ties such as running e r ra n d s , operatin g m in o r o ffic e m a ch in es such as s e a le r s o r m a ile r s , opening and d istribu tin g m a il, and oth er m in o r c le r i c a l w ork . E xclude p o s itio n s that r e q u ire op era tion o f a m o to r v e h ic le as a sign ifican t duty. s in g le -p o s itio n telephon e sw itch boa rd o r c o n s o le , a cts both as see S w itch board O p era tor— and as a r e ce p tio n is t. R e c e p tio n is t's such duties as g reetin g v is it o r s ; d eterm in in g nature o f v is it o r 's p rov id in g a p p rop ria te in fo rm a tio n ; r e fe r r in g v is it o r to a p p ro in the orga n iza tion o r con tactin g that p e r so n by telephon e and appointm ent; keeping a log o f v is it o r s . 16 A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K — C o n tin u ed KEYPUNCH OPERATO R C la ss B . Under c lo s e s u p e r v isio n , follow in g d eta iled in stru ctio n s and stan d ard ized p r o c e d u r e s , p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e routine accou n tin g c l e r ic a l o p e r a tio n s , such as postin g to le d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w ork sh eets w here id e n tifica tio n o f ite m s and lo ca tio n s o f p ostin gs are c le a r ly in d ica ted ; ch eck in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p le te n e s s o f stan dardized and rep etitiv e r e c o r d s o r a ccou n tin g d ocu m en ts; and c o d i n g d ocu m en ts using a few p r e s c r ib e d a ccou n tin g c o d e s . O p era tes a keypunch m a ch in e to r e c o r d o r v e r ify alphabetic a n d /o r n u m e ric data on tabulating c a r d s o r on tape. B O O K K EE PIN G -M A CH IN E O PE R A TO R O p era tes a bookkeepin g m a ch in e (with o r without a ty p e w rite r k e y b oa rd ) to keep a r e c o r d o f b u sin e s s tr a n sa ctio n s. C la s s A . K eeps a set o f r e c o r d s req u irin g a know ledge o f and e x p e rie n c e in b a s ic bookkeepin g p r in c ip le s , and fa m ilia rity with the stru ctu re o f the p a rticu la r accou n tin g sy stem u sed. D eterm in es p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d istrib u tion o f deb it and c r e d it ite m s to be u sed in each phase o f the w ork . May p r e p a r e co n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , ba la n ce sh e e ts , and oth er r e c o r d s by hand. C la ss B . K eeps a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e ph ases o r se c tio n s o f a set of r e c o r d s u su ally req u irin g little know ledge o f b a sic book k eep in g . P h ases o r section s in clude a ccou n ts p a ya ble, p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ' a ccou n ts (not including a sim p le type o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d under m a ch in e b i lle r ), c o s t d is trib u tion , ex p en se d istrib u tion , in v en tory c o n t r o l, e tc . May ch eck o r a s s is t in p rep a ra tion o f t r ia l b a la n ce s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l sh eets fo r the accoun tin g departm en t. MACHINE B IL L E R P r e p a r e s statem en ts, b ills , and in v o ice s on a m a ch in e oth er than an o rd in a ry o r e le c tr o m a tic ty p e w rite r . M ay a lso keep r e c o r d s as to b illin g s o r shipping c h a rg e s o r p e r fo r m oth er c le r i c a l w ork in cid en ta l to b illin g o p e ra tio n s . F o r w age study p u rp o s e s , m ach in e b i lle r s are c la s s ifie d by type o f m a ch in e, as fo llo w s : B illin g -m a ch in e b i l l e r . U ses a s p e c ia l b illin g m ach in e (com bin a tion typing and adding m a ch in e) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s fr o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u rch a se o r d e r s , in tern a lly p re p a re d o r d e r s , shipping m em ora n d u m s, e tc . U sually in v o lv e s ap p lica tion o f p re d e te rm in e d d iscou n ts and shipping c h a rg e s and en try o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n sio n s, w hich m ay o r m a y not be com pu ted on the b illin g m a ch in e, and totals w hich are a u tom a tica lly accu m u la ted by m a ch in e. The op era tion u su ally in v o lv e s a la rg e num ber o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f the b ill being p re p a re d and is often done on a fan fold m a ch in e. B ook k eep in g -m a ch in e b i lle r . U ses a bookkeeping m a ch in e (with o r without a ty p e w rite r k eyb oard ) to p re p a re c u s t o m e r s ' b ills as pa rt o f the a ccou n ts r e c e iv a b le op e ra tio n . G en era lly in v o lv e s the sim u ltaneou s en try o f fig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . The m a ch in e a u tom a tica lly a ccu m u la tes fig u r e s on a n um ber o f v e r t ic a l colu m n s and com p u tes and u su ally p rin ts auto m a tic a lly the deb it o r c r e d it b a la n c e s. D oes not in v olv e a know ledge o f b o o k k eepin g. W orks fr o m u n iform and standard ty p es o f sa les and c r e d it s lip s . P A Y R O L L C LE R K C om pu tes w ages o f com pan y e m p lo y e e s and en ters the n e c e s s a r y data on the p a y r o ll sh eets. D uties in v o lv e : C alculatin g w o r k e r s ' earn in gs b a sed on tim e o r p rod u ction r e c o r d s ; and p ostin g ca lcu la ted data on p a y r o ll sh eet, show ing in fo rm a tio n such as w o r k e r 's n am e, w ork in g d a y s, tim e , ra te, ded u ction s fo r in s u r a n ce , and tota l w ages due. M ay m ake out p a y ch eck s and a s s is t p a y m a ster in m aking up and d istribu tin g pay e n v e lo p e s . May u se a ca lcu la tin g m a ch in e. P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g C la s s A . W ork r e q u ir e s the ap p lica tion o f e x p e rie n c e and judgm ent in se le ctin g p r o c e d u r e s to be fo llo w e d and in sea rch in g fo r , in terp retin g , s e le c tin g , o r cod in g ite m s to be keypunched fr o m a v a r ie ty o f s o u r c e d o c u m e n ts . On o c c a s io n m a y a lso p e r fo r m som e routine keypunch w ork . May tra in in e x p e rie n c e d keypunch o p e r a t o r s . C la s s B . W ork is routine and r e p e titiv e . Under c lo s e su p erv ision o r follow in g s p e c ific p r o c e d u r e s o r in s tr u c tio n s , w o rk s fr o m v a r io u s stan d a rd iz e d s o u r c e d ocu m en ts w hich have been co d e d , and fo llo w s s p e cifie d p r o c e d u r e s w hich have been p r e s c r ib e d in d eta il and r e q u ire little o r no s e le ctin g , c o d in g , o r in terp retin g o f data to be r e c o r d e d . R e fe r s to s u p e r v is o r p r o b le m s a r is in g fr o m e r r o n e o u s ite m s o r c o d e s o r m is s in g in fo rm a tio n . T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p era tes one o r a v a r ie ty o f m a ch in es such as the ta bu la tor, c a lc u la to r , c o lla t o r , in te r p r e te r , s o r t e r , r e p ro d u cin g punch, e tc . E xclu ded fr o m th is defin ition a re w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s . A ls o ex clu d ed are o p e r a to r s o f e le c tr o n ic d ig ita l c o m p u te r s , even though they m ay a lso op era te e le c t r ic accou n tin g m a ch in e equipm ent. P o s itio n s d efin itio n s . a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g C la s s A . P e r fo r m s co m p le te r e p o rtin g and tabulating a ssign m en ts in clu din g d e v isin g d ifficu lt c o n t r o l panel w irin g under g e n e ra l su p e rv isio n . A s sig n m e n ts ty p ic a lly in v olv e a v a r ie ty o f long and c o m p le x r e p o r ts w hich often a re ir r e g u la r o r n o n r e c u r r in g , req u irin g som e planning o f the nature and seq u en cin g o f o p e r a tio n s , and the u se o f a v a rie ty o f m a ch in e s. Is ty p ic a lly in v o lv e d in train in g new o p e r a t o r s in m ach in e op era tion s o r train in g lo w e r le v e l o p e r a t o r s in w irin g fr o m d ia g ra m s and in the operatin g seq u en ces o f long and c o m p le x r e p o r t s . D oes not in clude p o s itio n s in w hich w irin g r e s p o n s ib ility is lim ite d to s e le c tio n and in se r tio n o f p r e w ire d b o a rd s. C la s s B . P e r fo r m s w ork a c c o rd in g to e sta b lis h e d p r o c e d u r e s and u nder s p e c ific in s tru ctio n s . A ssig n m en ts ty p ic a lly in v olv e com p le te but r o u tine and r e c u r r in g r e p o r t s o r p a rts o f la r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x r e p o r t s . O p era tes m o r e d ifficu lt tabulating o r e le c t r ic a l accou n tin g m a ch in es su ch as the ta bu la tor and c a lc u la to r , in addition to the s im p le r m a ch in es u sed by c la s s C o p e r a t o r s . M ay be r e q u ire d to do som e w irin g fr o m d ia g r a m s. C la ss C . Under s p e c ific in s tru ctio n s , o p e r a te s sim p le tabulating o r e le c t r ic a l a ccou n tin g m a ch in es such as the s o r t e r , in te r p r e te r , rep rod u cin g punch, c o lla t o r , e tc . A ssig n m en ts ty p ic a lly in v olv e p o rtio n s o f a w ork unit, fo r e x a m p le , in div idu al sortin g o r co lla tin g ru n s, o r rep etitiv e o p e r a tio n s . M ay p e r fo r m sim p le w irin g fr o m d ia g r a m s , and do som e filin g w ork . PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL C O M PU TE R SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS C O M PU TE R SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS— Continued A n a ly z e s b u sin e s s p r o b le m s to form u la te p r o c e d u r e s fo r solvin g them by u se o f e le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g equipm ent. D evelop s a com p le te d e s c r ip tio n o f a ll s p e c ific a tio n s n eeded to en able p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u ire d d ig ita l co m p u te r p r o g r a m s . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A n a ly ze s s u b je c t-m a tte r op e ra tio n s to be autom ated and id e n tifie s con d ition s and c r it e r ia r e q u ire d to a ch iev e s a tis fa c to r y r e s u lts ; s p e c ifie s n um ber and ty p es o f r e c o r d s , f ile s , and d ocu m en ts to be u sed ; ou tlin es a ction s to be p e r fo r m e d by p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u te rs in su fficie n t d eta il fo r p resen ta tion to m anagem ent and fo r p ro g ra m m in g (ty p ica lly th is in v o lv e s p re p a ra tio n o f w ork and dat^ flow c h a r ts ); c o o rd in a te s the d ev elop m en t o f te s t p r o b le m s and p a rticip a te s in t r ia l runs o f new and r e v is e d s y s te m s ; and re co m m e n d s equ ip m ent ch a n ges to obtain m o r e e ffe c tiv e o v e r a ll o p e r a tio n s . (N O T E : W ork ers p e r fo r m in g both sy ste m s a n a ly sis and p ro g ra m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as sy ste m s an alysts if th is is the sk ill u sed to d e te rm in e th eir pay.) C la s s C . W orks under im m ed ia te s u p e r v is io n , c a r ry in g out an aly s e s as a s sig n e d , u su ally o f a sin gle a ctiv ity . A s sig n m e n ts a re d esig n ed to d ev e lo p and expand p r a c t ic a l e x p e rie n c e in the a p p lica tion o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u ire d fo r s y ste m s a n a ly sis w ork . F o r ex a m p le , m ay a s s is t a h igh er le v e l sy ste m s an alyst by p rep a rin g the d eta iled s p e c ific a tio n s re q u ire d by p r o g r a m m e r s fr o m in form a tion d e v elop ed by the h igh er le v e l an alyst. C O M PU TE R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS C o n v e rts statem en ts o f b u sin ess p r o b le m s , ty p ic a lly p re p a re d by a sy s te m s a n alyst, into a seq u en ce o f d eta iled in stru ctio n s w hich are re q u ire d to solv e the p r o b le m s by au tom atic data p r o c e s s in g equipm ent. W orking fr o m c h a rts o r d ia g r a m s , the p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s the p r e c is e in stru ctio n s w hich , when en tered into the com p u ter sy stem in c o d e d language, ca u se the m an ipu lation o f data to a ch iev e d e s ir e d r e s u lts . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A p p lie s kn ow ledge o f com p u ter c a p a b ilitie s , m a th e m a tics, lo g ic em p lo y e d by c o m p u te r s , and p a rticu la r su b ject m a tter in v o lv e d to analyze ch a rts and d ia g r a m s o f the p r o b le m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s seq u en ce o f p r o g r a m ste p s; w rite s d eta iled flow ch a rts to show o r d e r in w hich data w ill be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r ts th ese ch a rts to c od ed in stru ctio n s fo r m a ch in e to fo llo w ; te s ts and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in stru ctio n s fo r op era tin g p e r s o n n e l du ring p rod u ction run; a n a ly z e s , r e v ie w s , and a lte r s p r o g r a m s to in c r e a s e op era tin g e ffic ie n c y o r adapt to new r e q u ire m e n ts ; m ain tains r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d ev elop m en t and r e v is io n s . (N O T E : W o r k e rs p e r fo r m in g both s y s te m s a n a ly sis and p ro g ra m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as s y ste m s an alysts if this is the sk ill u sed to d eterm in e th eir pay.) D oes not in clu de e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le fo r the m a n a g e m ent o r s u p e rv isio n o f oth er e le c tr o n ic 'data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r s y s te m s an alysts p r im a r ily c o n c e rn e d with s c ie n tific o r en gin eerin g p r o b le m s . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , sy ste m s an alysts are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la ss A . W orks independently o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s in v olv in g a ll ph ases o f sy stem a n a ly s is. P r o b le m s are c o m p le x b e c a u se o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u ltip le -u s e r e q u ir e m en ts o f output data. (F o r ex a m p le, d ev elop s an in teg ra ted prod u ction sc h e d u lin g, in v en tory c o n t r o l, c o s t a n a ly s is, and sa le s a n a ly sis r e c o r d in w hich e v e r y item o f ea ch type is a u tom a tica lly p r o c e s s e d through the fu ll sy stem o f r e c o r d s and a p p rop ria te follow u p a ction s a re in itiated by the com p u ter.) C o n fe rs w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e rn e d to d eterm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t-m a tte r p e r s o n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f new o r r e v is e d s y ste m s o f data p r o c e s s in g o p e r a tio n s . M akes r e co m m e n d a tio n s , if n eed ed , fo r a p p rov a l o f m a jo r s y s te m s in sta lla tion s o r changes and fo r obtaining equipm ent. D oes not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le fo r the m a n a ge m en t o r su p e rv isio n o f oth er e le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r im a r ily c o n c e r n e d with s c ie n tific a n d /o r en gin eerin g p r o b le m s . For M ay p r o v id e fu n ction a l d ir e c tio n who a re a ssig n ed to a s s is t. to lo w e r p r o g r a m m e r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la ss A . W ork s in depen den tly o r under on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s w hich r e q u ire c o m p e te n c e in a ll ph ases o f p ro g ra m m in g c o n c e p ts and p r a c t ic e s . W orking fr o m d ia g r a m s and ch a rts w hich id en tify the nature o f d e s ir e d r e s u lts , m a jo r p r o c e s s in g steps to be a c c o m p lish e d , and the re la tio n s h ip s betw een v a r io u s steps o f the p r o b le m solvin g rou tin e; plans the fu ll range o f p r o g r a m m in g a ctio n s n eed ed to e ffic ie n tly u tilize the c o m p u te r sy stem in a ch iev in g d e s ire d end p r o d u c ts . C la s s B . W orks in depen den tly o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on p r o b le m s that a re r e la tiv e ly u n com p lica ted to a n a ly ze, plan, p r o g r a m , and o p e r a te . P r o b le m s a re o f lim ite d c o m p le x ity b eca u se s o u r c e s o f input data are h om og en eou s and the output data are c lo s e ly rela ted . (F o r ex a m p le, d e v e lo p s sy ste m s fo r m aintaining d e p o s ito r a ccou n ts in a bank, m aintaining a ccou n ts r e c e iv a b le in a r e ta il esta b lish m en t, o r m aintaining in ven tory a ccou n ts in a m a n u factu rin g o r w h olesa le esta b lis h m e n t.) C o n fe rs with p e r son s c o n c e rn e d to d eterm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t-m a tte r p e r s o n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f the data p r o c e s s in g sy ste m s to be ap plied. At th is le v e l, p ro g ra m m in g is d ifficu lt b e c a u se com p u ter equipm ent m u st be org a n iz e d to p rod u ce s e v e r a l in te r r e la te d but d iv e r s e p rod u cts fr o m n u m erou s and d iv e r s e data e le m e n ts . A w ide v a r ie ty and ex ten siv e num ber o f in tern a l p r o c e s s in g a ctio n s m u st o c c u r . T h is r e q u ir e s such a ction s as d ev elop m en t o f c o m m o n o p e r a tio n s w hich can be r e u s e d , esta b lish m en t of linkage poin ts betw een o p e r a tio n s , ad ju stm en ts to data w hen p r o g r a m r e q u ir e m en ts e x c e e d c o m p u te r sto ra g e c a p a city , and su bstantial m anipulation and re se q u e n cin g o f data e le m e n ts to fo r m a h ighly in teg ra ted p r o g r a m . OR W ork s on a seg m en t o f a c o m p le x data p r o c e s s in g sch em e o r sy stem , as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A . W orks independently on routine a ssign m en ts and r e c e iv e s in stru ctio n and guidance on c o m p le x a s sig n m e n ts . W ork is rev iew ed fo r a c c u r a c y o f ju dgm en t, c o m p lia n ce with in s tru ctio n s , and to in su re p r o p e r align m en t with the o v e r a ll sy ste m . w age study p u r p o s e s , le v e l sy ste m s an alysts M ay p r o v id e fu n ction a l d ir e c tio n to lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s who are a ssig n ed to a s s is t. 18 C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BU SIN ESS— C o n tin u e d C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d C la ss B . W orks independently o r under on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n on r e la tiv e ly sim p le p r o g r a m s , o r on sim p le seg m en ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s (o r seg m en ts) u su ally p r o c e s s in fo rm a tio n to p rod u ce data in two o r th ree v a r ie d seq u en ces or fo r m a ts . R e p o r ts and listin g s a re p rod u ced by refin in g , adapting, a r r a y in g , o r m aking m in o r additions to o r d eletion s fr o m input data w hich a r e r e a d ily a v a ila b le . W hile n u m erou s r e c o r d s m a y be p r o c e s s e d , the data have been r efin ed in p r io r a ction s so that the a c c u r a c y and seq u en cin g o f data can be tested by using a few routine c h e c k s . T y p ic a lly , the p r o g r a m d ea ls w ith routine r e co r d k e e p in g o p e ra tio n s . m a jo r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d within a re a so n a b ly short tim e . In co m m o n e r r o r situ a tion s, d ia g n oses ca u se and takes c o r r e c t iv e a ction . This u su a lly in v o lv e s applying p r e v io u s ly p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t iv e step s, o r using standard c o r r e c t io n tech n iq u es. OR W orks on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A) under c lo s e d ir e c tio n o f a h igh er le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M ay a s s is t h igh er le v e l p r o g r a m m e r by in depen den tly p e r fo rm in g le s s d ifficu lt ta sk s a ssig n ed , and p e r fo r m in g m o r e d ifficu lt ta sk s under fa ir ly c lo s e d ir e c tio n . M ay guide o r in stru ct lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C la s s C . M akes p r a c t ic a l a p p lica tion s o f p rog ra m m in g p r a c tic e s and c o n c e p ts u su a lly lea rn ed in fo r m a l trainin g c o u r s e s . A s sig n m e n ts are d esig n ed to d e v e lo p c o m p e te n ce in the ap p lication o f standard p r o c e d u r e s to routine p r o b le m s . R e c e iv e s c lo s e su p erv ision on new a s p e cts o f a ssig n m en ts; and w ork is re v ie w e d to v e r ify its a c c u r a c y and co n fo r m a n c e with re q u ire d p roced u res. C O M PU TE R O P E R A T O R M on itors and o p e ra te s the c o n t r o l c o n s o le o f a d ig ita l com p u ter to p r o c e s s data a c c o rd in g to operatin g in s tru ctio n s , u su ally p re p a re d by a p r o g ra m m er. W ork in clu des m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Studies in stru ction s to d eterm in e equipm ent setup and o p e r a tio n s ; loa ds equipm ent with req u ired ite m s (tape r e e ls , c a r d s , e tc .); sw itch es n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia ry equipm ent into c ir c u it , and sta rts and o p e r a te s com p u te r; m akes adju stm ents to com p u ter to c o r r e c t op era tin g p r o b le m s and m eet s p e c ia l con d ition s; r e v ie w s e r r o r s m ade du ring op era tion and d eterm in es cau se o r r e fe r s p r o b le m to s u p e r v is o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m ain tains op eratin g r e c o r d s . M ay te s t and a s s is t in c o r r e c t in g p r o g r a m . For w age study p u rp o s e s , com p u ter o p e r a to r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la s s A . O p era tes independently, o r under only g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n , a co m p u te r running p r o g r a m s with m ost o f the follow in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s : New p r o g r a m s a re freq u en tly tested and in trod u ced ; sch edulin g req u irem en ts a re o f c r it ic a l im p o rta n ce to m in im ize dow ntim e; the p r o g r a m s a re of c o m p le x d esign so that id en tifica tion o f e r r o r so u r ce often r e q u ir e s a w orkin g kn ow led ge o f the to ta l p r o g r a m , and alternate p r o g r a m s m ay not be a v a ila b le. M ay g ive d ir e c tio n and guidance to lo w e r le v e l o p e r a to rs . C la s s B . O p era tes in depen den tly, o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n , a co m p u te r running p r o g r a m s with m o s t o f the follow in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s : M ost o f the p r o g r a m s are esta b lish ed p rod u ction ru n s, ty p ic a lly run on a r e g u la r ly r e c u r r in g b a s is ; th ere is little o r no testin g o f new p r o g r a m s re q u ire d ; altern a te p r o g r a m s are p rov id ed in c a s e o r ig in a l p r o g r a m n eeds OR O p era tes under d ir e c t su p e rv isio n a com p u ter running p r o g r a m s o r seg m en ts o f p r o g r a m s with the c h a r a c t e r is t ic s d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A . May a s s is t a h igh er le v e l o p e r a to r by independently p e r fo rm in g le s s d ifficu lt tasks a s sig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g d ifficu lt ta sk s follow in g detailed in stru ction s and with frequ en t r e v ie w o f o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d . ex p e cte d a b ility to r e c e iv e d o p e r a to r C la ss C . W orks on routine p r o g r a m s under c lo s e su p erv ision . Is to d ev e lo p w ork in g kn ow ledge o f the com p u ter equipm ent used and d e te ct p r o b le m s in v olv ed in running routine p r o g r a m s . U sually has som e fo r m a l train in g in com p u ter o p e ra tio n . M ay a s s is t h igh er le v e l on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . DRAFTER C la s s A . Plans the g ra p h ic p resen ta tion o f c o m p le x ite m s having d is tin c tiv e d esign fe a tu r e s that d iffe r sig n ifica n tly fr o m esta b lish ed drafting p r e c e d e n ts . W orks in c lo s e support with the d esign o r ig in a to r , and m ay re co m m e n d m in o r d esig n ch a n g e s. A n a ly ze s the e ffe c t o f each change on the d e ta ils o f fo r m , fu n ction , and p o s itio n a l re la tio n s h ip s o f com pon ents and p a rts. W ork s with a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s is ta n c e . C om p leted w ork is r e v ie w e d by d esign o r ig in a to r fo r c o n s is te n c y with p r io r en gin eerin g d e t e r m in a tion s. M ay e ith er p r e p a r e draw in gs o r d ir e c t th e ir p rep a ra tion by low er le v e l d r a fte r s . C la ss B . P e r fo r m s n onroutin e and c o m p le x drafting a ssign m en ts that r e q u ire the a p p lica tion o f m o s t o f the stan dardized draw ing tech n iq u es r e g u la r ly u sed . D uties ty p ic a lly in volve such w ork a s: P r e p a r e s w orkin g d raw in gs o f su b a s s e m b lie s with ir r e g u la r sh ap es, m u ltiple fu n ction s, and p r e c is e p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s betw een com p on en ts; p r e p a r e s a r c h ite ctu r a l d raw in gs fo r c o n s tr u c tio n o f a building in cluding d e ta il draw in gs o f foun d a tion s, w a ll s e c tio n s , flo o r pla n s, and r o o f. U ses a ccep ted fo r m u la s and m anu als in m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y com pu ta tion s to d eterm in e qu an tities o f m a te r ia ls to be u sed , load c a p a c it ie s , stren g th s, s t r e s s e s , e tc . R e c e iv e s in itia l in s tru ctio n s , re q u ire m e n ts , and a d vice fr o m s u p e r v is o r . C om p leted w ork is ch eck ed fo r te c h n ic a l ad equ acy. C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d eta il d raw in gs o f sin gle units o r pa rts fo r e n g in eerin g , c o n s tr u c tio n , m a n u factu rin g , o r r e p a ir p u rp o s e s. T y p es o f draw in gs p r e p a r e d in clu de is o m e t r ic p r o je c tio n s (depictin g th ree d im en sion s in a c c u r a te s c a le ) and se c tio n a l v iew s to c la r ify position in g o f com pon en ts and con v ey n eeded in fo rm a tio n . C on solid a tes d e ta ils from a n um ber o f s o u r c e s and ad ju sts o r tr a n s p o s e s s c a le as re q u ire d . Suggested m eth od s o f a p p roa ch , a p p lica b le p r e c e d e n ts , and a d v ice on s o u r ce m a te r ia ls a re given w ith in itia l a ssig n m e n ts . In stru ction s a re le s s c o m p le te when assign m en ts recu r. W ork m ay be sp o t-c h e c k e d during p r o g r e s s . D R A F T E R -T R A C E R E L E C T R O N I C S T E C H N I C I A N — C ontinued C o p ie s cloth o r pa per in clu de tr a c in g la rg e s c a le not W ork m ay be rev iew ed by s u p e r v is o r (freq u en tly an e n g in eer o r d e s ig n e r ) fo r g e n e r a l c o m p lia n ce w ith a cce p te d p r a c t ic e s . May p rov id e te c h n ic a l guidance to lo w e r le v e l te c h n ic ia n s . plans and draw in gs p r e p a r e d by oth ers by pla cin g tra cin g o v e r draw in gs and tr a c in g with pen o r p e n cil. (D oes not lim ite d to plans p r im a r ily co n s istin g o f straight lin es and a r e q u irin g c lo s e d elin ea tion .) C la s s B . A p p lie s co m p r e h e n siv e te c h n ic a l know ledge to so lv e c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i.e ., th ose that ty p ic a lly can be solv ed s o le ly by p r o p e r ly in te rp re tin g m a n u fa c tu r e rs ' m anuals o r s im ila r docu m en ts) in w ork in g on e le c t r o n ic equ ipm ent. W ork in v o lv e s : A fa m ilia r ity with the in te r r e la tio n sh ips o f c ir c u it s ; and ju dgm en t in determ in in g w ork seq u en ce and in se le ctin g to o ls and testin g in stru m e n ts , u su ally le s s c o m p le x than th ose u sed by the c la s s A tech n icia n . A N D /O R P r e p a r e s sim p le o r rep etitiv e draw in gs o f e a s ily v isu a liz e d ite m s . W ork is c lo s e ly s u p e rv ise d during p r o g r e s s . E L E C TR O N IC S TECHNICIAN R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l gu id an ce, as re q u ire d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h igh er le v e l te ch n icia n , and w ork is r e v ie w e d fo r s p e c ific co m p lia n ce with a cce p te d p r a c t ic e s and w ork a s sig n m e n ts . M ay p ro v id e te c h n ic a l guidance to lo w e r le v e l te c h n ic ia n s . W orks on v a rio u s types o f e le c tr o n ic equipm ent and rela ted d e v ic e s by p e r fo rm in g one o r a com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g : In stallin g , m aintaining, r e p a ir in g , o v erh a u lin g , tr o u b le s h o o tin g , m od ify in g , co n s tru ctin g , and testin g . W ork r e q u ir e s p r a c t ic a l ap p lication o f te c h n ic a l know ledge o f e le c t r o n ic s p r in c ip le s , a b ility to d eterm in e m a lfu n ction s, and sk ill to put equipm ent in r e q u ire d op era tin g con d ition . C la s s C . A p p lie s w ork in g te c h n ic a l know ledge to p e r fo r m sim p le o r rou tin e ta sk s in w ork in g on e le c tr o n ic equ ipm en t, follow in g d etailed in s t r u c tion s w hich c o v e r v irtu a lly all p r o c e d u r e s . W ork ty p ic a lly in v olv es such ta sk s a s: A s s is tin g h igh er le v e l te ch n icia n s by p e r fo rm in g such a c tiv itie s as r e p la c in g co m p o n e n ts, w irin g c ir c u it s , and taking te s t rea d in g s; rep a irin g sim p le e le c tr o n ic equ ipm ent; and u sin g to o ls and co m m o n test in stru m en ts (e .g ., m u ltim e te r s , audio sign al g e n e r a t o r s , tube t e s t e r s , o s c ill o s c o p e s ) . Is not r e q u ire d to be fa m ilia r with the in te r r e la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s . T h is k n ow led ge, h o w e v e r, m ay be a cq u ire d through a ssign m en ts d esig n ed to in c r e a s e c o m p e te n c e (in cluding c la s s r o o m train in g ) so that w o r k e r can advance to h igh er le v e l tech n icia n . The equipm ent— co n s istin g o f eith er m any d iffe r e n t kinds o f c ir c u its o r m u ltiple rep etition o f the sam e kind o f c ir c u it— in clu d e s , but is not lim ited to , the fo llo w in g : (a) E le c tr o n ic tran sm ittin g and r e ce iv in g equipm ent (e .g ., r a d a r, r a d io , te le v is io n , telep h on e, son a r, n av iga tion a l a id s), (b) d ig ita l and analog c o m p u te r s , and (c) in d u stria l and m e d ica l m ea su rin g and con trollin g equ ipm ent. T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x clu d e s r e p a ir e r s o f such standard e le c tr o n ic equipm ent as com m o n o ffic e m a ch in es and h ousehold radio and te le v is io n se ts; p rod u ction a s s e m b le r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w hose p r im a r y duty is s e r v ic in g e le c tr o n ic te s t in stru m en ts; te ch n icia n s who have a d m in istra tiv e o r s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ility ; and d r a fte r s , d e s ig n e r s , and p r o fe s s io n a l e n g in e e r s . P o sitio n s d e fin itio n s . a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ir e d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r high er le v e l te ch n icia n . W ork is ty p ic a lly spot ch e c k e d , but is given detailed r e v ie w when new o r advanced a ssign m en ts are in v o lv e d . R E G ISTE R E D IN D U STRIAL NURSE b a sis o f the follow in g A r e g is te r e d n u rse who g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v ic e under g en era l m e d ic a l d ir e c tio n to i ll o r in ju red e m p lo y e e s o r oth er p e r s o n s who b ecom e- i l l o r su ffe r an a ccid en t on the p r e m is e s o f a fa c to r y o r oth er esta b lish m en t. D uties in volve a com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g : G iving fir s t aid to the i l l or in ju re d ; attending to subsequent d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; keeping r e c o r d s o f patien ts tr e a te d ; p re p a rin g a ccid e n t r e p o r t s fo r com p en sa tion o r oth er p u rp o s e s ; a s s is tin g in p h y s ic a l ex a m in a tion s and health evalu ation s o f a p p lican ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and planning and c a r r y in g out p r o g r a m s in volvin g health edu ca tion , a ccid e n t p rev en tion , evalu ation o f plant en viron m en t, or oth er a c tiv itie s affectin g the health, w e lfa r e , and sa fety o f a ll p e rso n n e l. N ursing s u p e r v is o r s o r head n u r se s in e sta b lish m e n ts em p loyin g m o r e than one n u rse a re ex clu d ed . C la s s A . A p p lie s advanced te c h n ic a l kn ow ledge to solve unusually c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i.e ., th ose that ty p ic a lly cannot be solved s o le ly by r e fe r en ce to m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m anu als o r s im ila r d ocu m en ts) in w orkin g on e l e c tr o n ic equ ipm ent. E x a m p les o f such p r o b le m s in clude loca tion and den sity o f c ir c u it r y , e le c tr o m a g n e tic ra d ia tion , is o la tin g m a lfu n ction s, and frequ ent en gin eerin g ch a n g es. W ork in v o lv e s : A d eta iled understanding o f the in te r re la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s ; e x e r c is in g independent ju dgm en t in p e r fo rm in g such ta sk s as m aking c ir c u it a n a ly s e s, ca lcu la tin g w ave fo r m s , tra cin g r e la tio n ships in sign al flow ; and r e g u la r ly using c o m p le x te s t in stru m en ts (e .g ., dual tr a c e o s c ill o s c o p e s , Q -m e t e r s , d eviation m e t e r s , pu lse g e n e r a to rs ). MAINTENANCE, TOOLROOM, AND POWERPLANT M AINTENANCE C A R P E N T E R M AINTENANCE C A R P E N T E R ----Continued P e r fo r m s th e ca rp e n try du ties n e c e s s a r y to co n s tr u c t and m aintain in good r e p a ir building w ood w ork and equipm ent such as bin s, c r ib s , c o u n te r s , b e n c h e s , p a rtitio n s, d o o r s , f lo o r s , s t a ir s , c a s in g s , and tr im m ade o f w ood in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out o f w ork fr o m b lu ep rin ts, d ra w in gs, m o d e ls , o r v e rb a l in stru ctio n s; using a v a r ie ty o f c a r p e n t e r 's h an d tools, p orta b le p ow er to o ls , and standard m e a su rin g in stru m en ts; m aking standard shop com p u ta tion s relatin g to d im en sion s o f w ork ; and se le ctin g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r the w ork . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m a in ten an ce ca r p e n te r r e q u ir e s roun ded train in g and e x p e r i en ce u su ally a cq u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent trainin g and e x p e r ie n c e . 20 M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N M A I N T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M o to r v e h ic le ) P e r fo r m s a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l trad e fu n ction s such as the in s ta l la tion , m a in ten a n ce, o r r e p a ir o f equipm ent fo r the gen era tion , d istrib u tion , o r u tiliza tion o f e le c t r ic e n erg y in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In stallin g o r re p a irin g any o f a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l eq u ip m ent such as g e n e r a t o r s , tr a n s fo r m e r s , sw itch b o a rd s , c o n t r o lle r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , heating units, conduit s y s t e m s , o r oth er tr a n s m is s io n equ ipm ent; w ork in g fr o m b lu ep rin ts, d ra w in gs, la you ts, o r oth er s p e c ifi c a tio n s ; loca tin g and d ia gn osin g trou b le in the e le c t r ic a l sy ste m o r eq u ip m ent; w ork in g standard com pu ta tion s relatin g to load re q u ire m e n ts o f w irin g o r e le c t r ic a l equ ipm ent; and using a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic ia n 's handtools and m e a su rin g and testin g in stru m en ts. In g e n e ra l, the w ork o f the m ain ten an ce e le c t r ic ia n r e q u ir e s rounded train in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d through a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n c e . R e p a ir s a u to m o b ile s, b u s e s , m o to r tr u c k s , and tr a c to r s o f an e sta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Exam ining au tom otive equ ip m en t to d ia gn ose s o u r ce o f tro u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g equipm ent and p e r fo rm in g r e p a ir s that in v olv e the u se o f such h an dtools as w r e n ch e s , g a u ges, d r ills , o r s p e c ia liz e d equipm ent in d is a s se m b lin g o r fitting p a rts; re p la cin g broken o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts fr o m stock ; grin din g and adjusting v a lv e s ; re a s s e m b lin g and in sta llin g the v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h ic le and m aking n e c e s s a r y a d ju st m en ts; and align in g w h e e ls, adju sting b ra k e s and lig h ts, o r tightening body b o lts . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m o to r v e h ic le m ain ten an ce m ech a n ic r e q u ir e s rounded train in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a cq u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent train in g and e x p e rie n c e . T h is c la s s ific a t io n d o e s not in clu de m e c h a n ics who re p a ir c u s t o m e r s ' v e h ic le s in a u tom ob ile r e p a ir sh op s. M AIN TEN AN CE P A IN TE R M AIN TEN AN CE P IP E F IT T E R P aints and r e d e c o r a t e s w a lls, w ood w ork , and fix tu re s o f an e s ta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : K now ledge o f su rfa ce p e c u lia r itie s and ty p es o f paint re q u ire d fo r d iffe re n t a p p lica tion s; p rep a rin g su rfa ce fo r painting by r e m o v in g old fin ish o r by pla cin g putty o r fille r in n a il h oles and in t e r s t ic e s ; and applying paint with sp ra y gun o r bru sh . M ay m ix c o l o r s , o ils , w hite lea d , and oth er paint in g red ien ts to obtain p r o p e r c o lo r or c o n s is te n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m ain ten an ce painter r e q u ir e s rounded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a cq u ired through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . In sta lls o r r e p a ir s w a ter, stea m , g a s, o r oth er ty pes o f pipe and p ip efittin g s in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g ; Laying out w ork and m e a su rin g to lo c a te p o s itio n o f pipe fr o m draw in gs o r oth er w ritten s p e c ific a tio n s ; cutting v a r io u s s iz e s o f pipe to c o r r e c t lengths with c h is e l and h a m m er o r o x y a ce ty le n e to r c h o r p ip e -cu ttin g m a ch in e s; th readin g pip e with stock s and d ie s ; bending pipe by h a n d -d riv en o r p o w e r -d r iv e n m a ch in e s; a s se m b lin g pipe with cou p lin g s and fa sten in g pipe to h a n g ers; m akin g standard shop com p u ta tion s rela tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flow , and s iz e o f pip e re q u ire d ; and m aking standard te s ts to d e te rm in e w hether fin ish ed p ip es m e e t s p e c ific a tio n s . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m ain ten an ce p ip e fitte r r e q u ir e s roun ded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a cq u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . W ork ers p r im a r ily en gaged in in sta llin g and r e p a ir in g building sanitation o r heating sy ste m s a r e e x c lu d e d . M AIN TEN AN CE MACHINIST P r o d u c e s rep la cem en t pa rts and new p a rts in m aking r e p a ir s o f m eta l p a rts o f m e c h a n ica l equipm ent op era ted in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In terpretin g w ritten in stru ctio n s and s p e c i fic a tio n s ; planning and layin g out o f w ork ; u sin g a v a r ie ty o f m a c h in is t's h an dtools and p r e c is io n m ea su rin g in stru m en ts; setting up and op era tin g standard m a ch in e t o o ls ; shaping o f m eta l p a rts to c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; m aking standard shop com pu ta tion s rela tin g to d im en sion s o f w ork , to o lin g , fe e d s , and sp eed s o f m a ch in in g; know ledge of the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the com m on m e ta ls ; se le ctin g standard m a te r ia ls , p a rts, and equipm ent re q u ire d fo r this w o rk ; and fittin g and a s se m b lin g pa rts into m e c h a n ica l equipm ent. In g e n e r a l, the m a c h in is t's w ork n o rm a lly r e q u ir e s a rounded trainin g in m a ch in e -s h o p p r a c tic e u su a lly a cq u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equ ivalent tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M AIN TE N AN C E S H E E T -M E T A L WORKER F a b r ic a t e s , in s t a lls , and m ain tains in good r e p a ir the sh e e t-m e ta l equipm ent and fix tu r e s (su ch as m a ch in e g u a rd s, g r e a s e pans, sh e lv e s , lo c k e r s , tan ks, v e n tila to r s , ch u tes, d u cts, m eta l ro o fin g ) o f an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g ; Planning and layin g out a ll ty p es o f s h e e t-m e ta l m a in ten an ce w ork fr o m b lu e p rin ts , m o d e ls , o r oth er s p e c ifi c a tio n s ; settin g up and op era tin g a ll a v a ila b le ty p es o f s h e e t-m e ta l w ork in g m a ch in e s; u sin g a v a r ie ty o f handtools in cuttin g, bending, fo r m in g , shaping, fittin g, and a s s e m b lin g ; and in sta llin g sh e e t-m e ta l a r tic le s as r e q u ire d . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m ain ten an ce sh e e t-m e ta l w o rk e r r e q u ire s rounded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a cq u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equ ivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M AIN TEN AN CE M ECHANIC (M achin ery) R e p a ir s m a ch in e ry o r m e c h a n ica l equipm ent of an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xam ining m a ch in es and m e ch a n ica l equ ipm ent to d ia g n ose s o u r c e o f tro u b le ; d ism a n tlin g o r p a rtly d ism a n tlin g m a ch in e s and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e the u se o f h an dtools in scra p in g and fittin g p a rts; rep la cin g brok en o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts with item s obtain ed fr o m stock ; o r d e rin g the p rod u ction o f a rep la cem en t part by a m a ch in e shop o r sending the m a ch in e to a m ach in e shop fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p rep a rin g w ritten s p e cifica tio n s fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r fo r the p rod u ction o f p a rts o r d e r e d fr o m m ach in e sh ops; re a ss e m b lin g m a ch in e s; and m aking a ll n e c e s s a r y adju stm en ts fo r op era tion . In g e n e ra l, the w ork o f a m a ch in e ry m a in ten an ce m ech a n ic r e q u ire s rounded trainin g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a cq u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equ ivalent train in g and e x p e r i e n ce . E x clu d ed fr o m th is c la s s ific a tio n a re w o r k e r s w hose p r im a ry duties in v o lv e settin g up o r adjusting m a ch in e s. M ILLW RIG H T In sta lls new m a ch in es o r heavy equipm ent, and d ism a n tles and in s ta lls m a ch in e s o r heavy equipm ent when changes in the plant layout are re q u ire d . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g ; Planning and laying out w ork ; in te rp re tin g blu ep rin ts o r oth er s p e c ific a tio n s ; using a v a rie ty o f handto o ls and r ig g in g ; m aking standard shop com p u ta tion s relatin g to s t r e s s e s , stren gth o f m a te r ia ls , and c e n te rs o f g ra v ity ; aligning and balancin g eq u ip m en t; se le ctin g standard t o o ls , equ ipm en t, and p a rts to be u sed; and in sta llin g and m aintaining in good o r d e r pow er tr a n s m is s io n equipm ent such as d r iv e s and sp eed r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l, the m illw r ig h t's w ork n o rm a lly r e q u ir e s a rounded train in g and e x p e r ie n c e in the trad e a cq u ire d through a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . 21 M A IN T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R A s s is t s one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the sk illed m ain ten an ce tr a d e s , byp e r fo r m in g s p e c ific o r g e n e ra l du ties o f le s s e r s k ill, such as keeping a w o r k e r su pplied with m a te r ia ls and to o ls ; clean in g w orkin g a re a , m a ch in e, and equipm ent; a s s is tin g jou rn ey m a n by holding m a te r ia ls o r to o ls ; and p e r fo r m in g oth er u n sk illed tasks as d ir e c te d by jou rn ey m a n . The kind o f w ork the h e lp e r is p erm itted to p e r fo r m v a r ie s fr o m trad e to tr a d e : In som e tra d es the h elp er is con fin ed to supplying, liftin g , and holding m a te r ia ls and to o ls , and clea n in g w orkin g a r e a s ; and in o th ers he is perm itted to p e r fo r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e r a tio n s , o r pa rts o f a trad e that are a lso p e r fo r m e d by w o r k e r s on a fu ll-tim e b a s is . C o n stru cts and r e p a ir s ji g s , fix tu r e s , cutting to o ls , g au ges, o r m e ta l d ie s o r m o ld s u sed in shaping o r fo rm in g m e ta l o r n on m eta llic m a te r ia l (e .g ., p la s t ic , p la s t e r , r u b b e r, g la s s ). W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s : Planning and laying out w ork a c c o r d in g to m o d e ls , b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s, o r oth er w ritten o r o r a l s p e c ific a tio n s ; u nderstanding the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f com m on m eta ls and a llo y s ; se le ctin g ap p rop ria te m a te r ia ls , to o ls , and p r o c e s s e s re q u ire d to c o m p le te ta sk s; m aking n e c e s s a r y shop com p u ta tion s; setting up and operatin g v a r io u s m a ch in e to o ls and rela ted equ ipm ent; using v a riou s to o l and die m a k e r 's h an dtools and p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in stru m en ts; w orking to v e ry c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; h e a t-tre a tin g m e ta l p a rts and fin ish ed to o ls and d ies to a ch ie v e re q u ire d q u a litie s; fittin g and a s se m b lin g pa rts to p r e s c r ib e d t o l e r a n ces and a llo w a n ce s . In g e n e ra l, the to o l and die m a k e r 's w ork r e q u ire s rounded train in g in m a c h in e -s h o p and to o lr o o m p r a c tic e usu ally a cq u ired th rough fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent train in g and e x p e rie n c e . M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T o o lr o o m ) S p e c ia liz e s in operatin g one o r m o r e than one type o f m a ch in e t o o l (e .g ., jig b o r e r , grin din g m a ch in e, engine lath e, m illin g m a ch in e) to m a ch in e m eta l fo r use in m aking or m aintaining ji g s , fix tu r e s , cutting to o ls , g a u ges, o r m eta l d ies o r m o ld s used in shaping o r form in g m eta l o r n on m eta llic m a te r ia l (e .g ., p la s t ic , p la s t e r , ru b b e r, g la s s ). W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s : Planning and p e r fo rm in g d ifficu lt m ach in in g op e ra tio n s w hich re q u ire c o m p lica te d setups o r a high d e g re e o f a c c u r a c y ; setting up m a ch in e t o o l or to o ls (e .g ., in sta ll cutting to o ls and adjust g u id es, sto p s, w orkin g ta b le s , and oth er c o n t r o ls to handle the siz e o f stock to be m a ch in ed; d eterm in e p r o p e r fe e d s , s p e e d s, to o lin g , and op era tion seq u en ce o r s e le c t th ose p r e s c r ib e d in d ra w in g s, b lu ep rin ts, o r la you ts); using a v a rie ty o f p r e c is io n m ea su rin g in stru m en ts; m aking n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm ents during m ach in in g op era tion to a ch iev e r e q u isite d im e n s io n s to v e ry c lo s e to le r a n c e s . M ay be re q u ire d to s e le c t p r o p e r co o la n ts and cutting and lu b rica tin g o ils , to r e c o g n iz e when to o ls n eed d r e s s in g , and to d r e s s to o ls . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f a m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r (to o lr o o m ) at the s k ill le v e l c a lle d fo r in this c la s s ific a t io n r e q u ir e s ex ten siv e know ledge o f m a ch in e -s h o p and to o lr o o m p r a c tic e u su ally a cq u ired through c o n s id e r a b le o n -t h e -jo b train in g a n d e x p e r ie n c e . in clu d e sh ops. F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s , this c la s s ific a tio n d oes not in clude t o o l and die m a k e rs who (1) are em p loy ed in to o l and die job bin g sh ops o r (2) p ro d u ce fo r g in g d ie s (die s in k e r s). ST A TIO N A R Y ENGINEER O p era tes and m ain tains and m ay a lso su p e r v ise the op era tion o f sta tion a ry en gin es and equipm ent (m e c h a n ica l o r e le c t r ic a l) to supply the esta b lish m en t in w hich em p loy ed with p o w e r, heat, r e fr ig e r a tio n , o r a ir con d ition in g. W ork in v o lv e s : O peratin g and m aintaining equipm ent such as steam e n g in es, a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a to r s , m o t o r s , tu rb in es, ventilating and r e fr ig e r a tin g equ ipm en t, steam b o ile r s and b o i le r - f e d w ater pum ps; m aking equ ipm ent r e p a ir s ; and keeping a r e c o r d o f op era tion of m a ch in e ry , te m p e ra tu re , and fu e l con su m p tion . M ay a lso su p e r v ise th ese o p e ra tio n s . Head o r c h ie f e n g in e e r s in esta b lish m en ts em p loy in g m o r e than one en gin eer are e x clu d e d . BO ILER TEN DER F ir e s sta tion a ry b o ile r s to fu rn ish the esta b lish m en t in w hich em p lo y e d with heat, p o w e r, o r stea m . F e e d s fu e ls to fir e by hand or o p e r a te s a m e c h a n ica l sto k e r, g a s, o r o il b u rn er; and ch eck s w a ter and sa fety v a lv e s . M ay cle a n , o il, o r a s s is t in r e p a ir in g b o ile r r o o m equipm ent. F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s , th is c la s s ific a tio n d oes not m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r s (to o lr o o m ) em p loy ed in to o l and die jobbin g MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL TRU C K D R IV E R — Continued TRU CK D R IVER T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , D riv e s a tru ck w ithin a c ity o r in d u stria l a rea to tr a n sp o rt m a te r ia ls , m e r c h a n d is e , equ ipm ent, o r w o r k e r s betw een v a riou s typ es o f e s ta b lish m en ts such a s: M anufacturing p la n ts, fre ig h t d e p o ts, w a re h o u se s , w h o le sa le and re ta il e sta b lis h m e n ts, o r betw een r e t a i l estab lish m en ts and c u s t o m e r s ' h ou ses o r p la c e s of b u sin e s s. M ay a ls o loa d o r unload tru ck with o r without h e lp e r s , m ake m in o r m e c h a n ica l r e p a ir s , and keep tru ck in good w o r k i n g ord er. S a le s -r o u te and o v e r -t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s are e x clu d e d . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LE RK P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d ise fo r sh ipm ent, or r e c e iv e s and is re s p o n s ib le fo r in com in g sh ipm ents o f m e r c h a n d ise o r oth er m a te r ia ls . Shipping w ork in v o lv e s : A kn ow ledge o f shipping p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t ic e s , rou tes, av ailab le m ea n s o f tra n sp o rta tio n , and r a te s ; and p rep a rin g r e c o r d s o f the good s F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , tr u c k d r iv e r s are c la s s ifie d by size and type o f equ ipm ent, as fo llo w s : (T r a c t o r -t r a ile r should be rated on the b a sis o f t r a ile r c a p a city .) light tru ck (under 1 l/z ton s) m ed iu m tru ck (IV 2 to and in cluding 4 ton s) h eavy tru ck (tr a ile r ) (o v e r 4 ton s) heavy tru ck (oth er than t r a ile r ) (o v e r 4 tons) 22 SHIPPING AND RECEIVING C LE RK — Continued SHIPPING PA C K E R — Continued sh ipped, m aking up b ills o f ladin g, postin g w eight and shipping c h a r g e s , and keeping a file o f shipping r e c o r d s . M ay d ir e c t o r a s s is t in p rep a rin g the m e r c h a n d ise fo r shipm ent. R e ce iv in g w ork in v o lv e s : V erify in g o r d ire ctin g o th e rs in v e r ify in g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f shipm ents against b ills o f ladin g, in v o ic e s , o r oth er r e c o r d s ; ch eck in g fo r sh orta g es and r e je c tin g dam aged g o o d s; routing m e r c h a n d ise o r m a te r ia ls to p r o p e r d ep a rtm en ts; and m a in taining n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and file s . shipping c o n ta in e rs and m a y in volve one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : K now ledge o f v a r io u s item s o f sto ck in o r d e r to v e r ify content; s e le c tio n o f ap p rop ria te type and s iz e o f co n ta in e r; in se rtin g e n c lo s u r e s in co n ta in e r; using e x c e ls io r o r oth er m a te r ia l to preven t break a ge o r d a m age; c lo s in g and sealin g c o n ta in e r; and applying la b e ls o r en terin g iden tifyin g data on con ta in er. P ack ers who a lso m ake w ooden b o x e s o r c r a te s a re e x clu d ed . M A T E R IA L HANDLING LAB O R E R F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : A w o rk e r em p loy ed in a w a re h o u se , m a nu factu ring plant, s t o r e , o r oth er esta b lish m en t w h ose du ties in v olv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : L oading and unloading v a rio u s m a te r ia ls and m e rch a n d ise on o r fr o m freig h t c a r s , tr u c k s , o r oth er tra n sp ortin g d e v ic e s ; unpacking, sh elvin g, o r pla cin g m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d ise in p r o p e r stora g e lo c a tio n ; and tra n sp ortin g m a te r ia ls o r m e rch a n d ise by handtruck, c a r , or w h eelb a rrow . L on gsh ore w o r k e r s , who load and unload sh ip s, a re e x clu d ed . Shipping c le r k R e c e iv in g c le r k Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k WAREHOUSEMAN A s d ir e c t e d , p e r fo r m s a v a rie ty o f w a reh ou sin g duties w hich re q u ire an u nderstanding o f the e s ta b lis h m e n t's stora ge p la n . W ork in v o lv e s m ost o f the fo llo w in g : V e r ify in g m a te r ia ls (o r m e rch a n d ise ) against r e ce iv in g d o cu m e n ts, noting and r e p o rtin g d is c r e p a n c ie s and ob v iou s d a m a g es; routing m a te r ia ls to p r e s c r ib e d sto ra g e lo c a tio n s ; storin g , stack in g, o r p a lletizin g m a te r ia ls in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r ib e d stora g e m eth od s; re a rra n g in g and t a k i n g in v en tory o f sto re d m a te r ia ls ; exam ining sto re d m a te r ia ls and r e p o rtin g d e te r io r a tio n and d a m age; rem ov in g m a te r ia l fr o m stora ge and p r e p a rin g it fo r sh ipm ent. M ay op era te hand o r p ow er tru ck s in p e r fo rm in g w a reh ou sin g d u ties. P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R O p era tes a m anu ally c o n tro lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c t r ic -p o w e r e d tru ck o r t r a c to r to tr a n sp o rt g ood s and m a te r ia ls o f a ll kinds about a w a re h o u se , m a n u factu rin g plant, o r oth er esta b lish m en t. tr u ck , F o r k lift o p e r a to r P o w e r -t r u c k o p e r a to r (oth er than fo r k lift) E xclu d e w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duties in volve shipping and r e c e iv ing w ork (se e Shipping and R e ce iv in g C lerk and Shipping P a c k e r ), o r d e r fillin g (see O rd e r F il le r ) , o r op era tin g p ow er tru ck s (see P o w e r -T r u c k O p era tor). GUARD AND W ATCHM AN G uard. P e r fo r m s routine p o lic e d u ties, e ith er at fix ed post o r on to u r, m aintaining o r d e r , using a rm s o r fo r c e w h ere n e c e s s a r y . In cludes guards who a re stationed at gate and ch e ck on iden tity o f e m p lo y e e s and oth er p e r s o n s e n te r in g . O RD ER F IL L E R F ills shipping o r tr a n s fe r o r d e r s fo r fin ish ed good s fr o m stored m e r c h a n d is e in a c c o rd a n c e with s p e c ific a tio n s on sa le s s lip s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r oth er in stru ctio n s. M ay, in addition to fillin g o r d e r s and in d i catin g ite m s fille d o r om itted , keep r e c o r d s o f ou tgoing o r d e r s , req u isition ad d ition a l stock o r r e p o rt sh ort su pplies to s u p e r v is o r , and p e r fo r m oth er r e la te d d u ties. W atchm an. M akes rounds o f p r e m is e s p r o p e rty against f ir e , th eft, and ille g a l en try. p e r io d ic a lly in p ro te ctin g JA N ITO R, P O R T E R , OR C LE A N E R C lean s and k eeps in an o r d e r ly con d ition fa c to r y w orkin g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m is e s o f an o ffic e , apartm en t h ou se, or c o m m e r c ia l o r oth er esta b lish m en t. D uties in volve a com bin a tion o f the fo llo w in g : Sw eeping, m op pin g o r scru b b in g , and p olish in g f lo o r s ; rem ov in g ch ip s, tr a s h , and oth er r e fu s e ; dusting equipm ent, fu rn itu re , o r fix tu re s ; p olish in g m eta l fix tu re s o r tr im m in g s ; p rov id in g su p p lies and m in o r m aintenance s e r v ic e s ; and clean in g la v a to r ie s , sh o w e rs , and r e s t r o o m s . W o rk e rs who s p e c ia liz e in w indow w ashing 'a r e e x clu d e d . SHIPPING PA C K E R , P r e p a r e s fin ish ed p rod u cts fo r shipm ent o r stora g e by p la cin g them in shipping c o n ta in e rs , the s p e c ific op era tion s p e r fo r m e d being dependent upon the ty p e, s iz e , and n um ber o f units to be p a ck ed, the type o f con tain er e m p lo y e d , and m eth od o f shipm ent. W ork r e q u ir e s the p la cin g o f ite m s in F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a re c la s s ifie d by type o f p o w e r as fo llo w s : 23 Available On Request a v a ila b le T h e f o l l o w i n g a r e a s « r e s u r v e y e d p e r i o d i c a l l y f o r u s e in a d m i n i s t e r i n g t h e S e r v i c e a t n o c o s t f r o m a n y o f th e B L S r e g io n a l o f f i c e s s h o w n on th e b a c k c o v e r . C on tra ct A la s k a A lb a n y , G a . A lb u q u e r q u e , N . M e x . A le x a n d r ia , L a. A lp e n a , S ta n d is h , and T a w a s C it y , M ic h . A n n A r b o r , M ic h . A s h e v i l l e , N .C . A t l a n t i c C i t y , N .J . A u g u s t a , G a .—S .C . B a k e r s fie ld , C a lif. B a ton R o u g e , L a . B a ttle C r e e k , M ic h . B e a u m o n t —P o r t A r t h u r —O r a n g e , - T e x . B i l o x i —G u l f p o r t a n d P a s c a g o u l a , M i s s . B o is e C it y , Idah o B r e m e r to n , W ash. B r id g e p o r t , N o r w a lk , and S ta m fo r d , C on n . B r u n s w ic k , G a . B u r l i n g t o n , V t.—N .Y . C ape C od , M a ss. C e d a r R a p id s , Iow a C h a m p a ig n —U r b a n a—R a n t o u l , 111. C h a r l e s t o n , S .C . C h a r l o t t e —G a s t o n i a , N .C . C h eyen n e, W yo. C l a r k s v i l l e —H o p k i n s v i l l e , T e n n .—K y . C o lo r a d o S p r in g s , C o lo . C o l u m b i a , S .C . C o l u m b u s , G a .—A l a . C o lu m b u s , M is s . C r a n e , Ind. D e c a t u r , 111. D e s M o in e s , Iow a D oth a n , A la . D u lu th —S u p e r i o r , M in n .—W i s . E l P a s o , T e x ., and A la m o g o r d o -L a s C r u c e s , N. M e x . E u g e n e —S p r i n g f i e l d , O r e g . F a y e t t e v i l l e , N .C . F i t c h b u r g —L e o m i n s t e r , M a s s . F o r t S m it h , A r k . —O k l a . F o r t W a y n e , In d . F r e d e r i c k — a g e r s t o w n , M d .—C h a m b e r s b u r g , P a . H M a r tin s b u r g , W . V a . G a d s d e n and A n n is t o n , A la . G o l d s b o r o , N .C . G r a n d I s l a n d —H a s t i n g s , N e b r . G r e a t F a ll s , M on t. G uam , T e r r ito r y o f H a r r i s b u r g —L e b a n o n , P a . H u n t in g t o n —A s h l a n d , W . V a .-r K y .—O h io K n o x v ille , T en n . L a C r o s s e , W is. L aredo, T ex. L a s V e g a s , N ev. L a w to p , O k la . L i m a , O h io L i t t l e R o c k —N o r t h L i t t l e R o c k , A r k . A ct of 1965. S u rvey r e s u lts are p u b lis h e d in r e le a s e s w h ic h , w h ile s u p p lie s la s t, are w ill be L o g a n s p o r t —P e r u , I n d . L o r a i n —E l y r i a , O h io L o w e r E a s t e r n S h o r e , M d .—V a . —D e l . L yn ch bu rg , V a. M a co n , G a. M a d is o n , W is . M a n s f i e l d , O h io M a r q u e t t e , E s c a n a b a , S a u lt S t e . M a r i e , M i c h . M c A l l e n —P h a r r - E d i n b u r g a n d B r o w n s v i l l e — H a r l i n g e n —S an B e n i t o , T e x . M e d f o r d —K la m a t h F a l l s —G r a n t s P a s s , O r e g . M e r id ia n , M is s . M i d d l e s e x , M o n m o u t h , a n d O c e a n C o s . , N .J . M o b i l e a n d P e n s a c o l a , A l a . —F l a . M o n t g o m e r y , A la . N a s h v i l l e —D a v i d s o n , T e n n . N e w B e r n —J a c k s o n v i l l e , N .C . N e w L o n d o n —N o r w i c h , C o n n .—R . I . N o r th D a k o ta , S ta te o f O r la n d o , F la . O x n a r d —S i m i V a l l e y —V e n t u r a , C a l i f . P a n a m a C it y , F la . P a r k e r s b u r g —M a r i e t t a , W . V a .—O h io P e o r i a , 111. P h o e n ix , A r iz . P in e B lu ff, A r k . P o c a t e l l o —I d a h o F a l l s , I d a h o P o r t s m o u t h , N .H .—M a in e —M a s s . P u e b lo , C o lo . P u e r to R ic o R en o, N ev. R i c h l a n d —K e n n e w i c k —W a l la W a l la — P e n d l e t o n , W a s h .—O r e g . R i v e r s i d e —S a n B e r n a r d i n o —O n t a r i o , C a l i f . S a lin a , K a n s . S a l i n a s —S e a s i d e —M o n t e r e y , C a l i f . S a n d u s k y , O h io S a n ta B a r b a r a —S a n ta M a r i a —L o m p o c , C a l i f . Savannah, G a. S e lm a , A la . S h e r m a n —D e n i s o n , T e x . S h rev ep ort, La. S io u x F a l l s , S. D a k . S pok an e, W ash. S p r i n g f i e l d , 111. S p r i n g f i e l d —C h i c o p e e —H o l y o k e , M a s s . —C o n n . S to ck to n , C a lif. T a c o m a , W ash. T a m p a ^ -S t. P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . T op ek a , K ans. T u c s o n , A r iz . T u ls a , O k la . V a l l e j o —F a i r f i e l d —N a p a , C a l i f . W a c o a n d K i l l e e n —T e m p l e , T e x . W a t e r l o o —C e d a r F a l l s , I o w a W e s t T e x a s P la in s W i l m i n g t o n , D e l . —N .J .—M d . A n a n n u a l r e p o r t on s a la r ie s f o r a c c o u n t a n t s , a u d it o r s , c h ie f a c c o u n t a n t s , a t t o r n e y s , jo b a n a ly s t s , d i r e c t o r s o f p e r s o n n e l , b u y e r s , c h e m is t s , e n g i n e e r s , e n g in e e r in g t e c h n ic i a n s , O r d e r a s B L S B u lle tin 1 8 9 1 , N a tio n a l S u r v e y o f P r o f e s s i o n a l , A d m in is t r a t iv e , T e c h n ic a l , an d C l e r i c a l P a y , M a r c h 1 9 7 5 . $ 1 .4 0 a c o p y , f r o m a n y o f th e B L S c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s is a v a ila b le . o f f i c e s s h o w n o n t h e b a c k c o v e r , o r f r o m t h e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . 2 0 4 0 2 . or d r a f t e r s , and r e g io n a l s a le s Area Wage Surveys A l i s t o f t h e l a t e s t a v a i l a b l e b u l l e t i n s o r b u l l e t i n s u p p l e m e n t s is p r e s e n t e d b e l o w . A d i r e c t o r y o f a r e a w a g e s t u d ie s in c lu d in g m o r e li m it e d s t u d ie s c o n d u c t e d a t th e r e q u e s t o f th e E m p lo y m e n t S ta n d a r d s A d m in is t r a t io n o f th e D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r is a v a ila b le on r e q u e s t. B u l l e t i n s m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m a n y o f th e B L S r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s s h o w n o n t h e b a c k c o v e r . B u lle tin s u p p le m e n ts m a y b e o b t a i n e d w it h o u t c o s t , w h e r e i n d i c a t e d , f r o m B L S r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s . A rea B u lle tin n u m b e r and p r ic e * A k r o n , O h io , D e c . 1 9 7 5 _____________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 0 , A l b a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , N . Y . , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 1_________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 3 , A n a h e i m —S a n t a A n a —G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . ,O c t . 1 9 7 5 1 _______________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 7 5 , A t l a n t a , G a . , M a y 1 9 7 5 1 __________ _______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 2 5 , A u s t i n , T e x . , D e c . 1 9 7 5 1 _________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 3 , B a l t i m o r e , M d . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 1 _____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 2 , B i l l i n g s , M o n t . , J u ly 1 9 7 5 ________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 6 , B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . —P a . , J u ly 197 5 ______________________________________________________ _______ 1 8 5 0 - 5 0 , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 197 5 _______________ ___________________________________________________ S u p p l. B o s t o n , M a s s . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 1_______________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 8 , B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 1 _________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 9 , C a n t o n , O h io , M a y 1 9 7 5 ____________________________________________________________________________ S u p p l. C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . - G a . , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 1__________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 7 , C h i c a g o , 111., M a y 1 9 7 5 ___________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 3 3 , C i n c i n n a t i , O h io —K y .—I n d . , F e b . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________ S u p p l. C l e v e l a n d , O h io , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 ______________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 4 , C o l u m b u s , O h i o , O c t . 1 9 7 5 1 _____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 7 8 , C o r p u s C h r i s t i , T e x . , J u l y 1 9 7 5 ________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 3 7 , D a l l a s —F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 1 _________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 9 , D a v e n p o r t —R o c k I s l a n d —M o l i n e , I o w a —111., F e b . 1 9 7 5 _____________________________________ S u p p l. D a y t o n , O h io , D e c . 1 9 7 5 _______ ___________ _______________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 7 3 , D a y t o n a B e a c h , F l a . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 7 , D e n v e r —B o u l d e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1 9 7 5 ___ _________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 2 , D e t r o i t , M i c h . , M a r . 1 9 7 5 _______________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -2 2 , F o r t L a u d e r d a l e —H o l l y w o o d a n d W e s t P a l m B e a c h — B o c a R a t o n , F l a . , A p r . 1 9 7 5 1 _________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 2 6 , F r e s n o , C a l i f . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 1_______________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 1 , G a i n e s v i l l e , F l a . , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 _____________________________________________________________ ______ 1 8 5 0 - 5 7 , G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u ly 1 9 7 5 1 ____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 4 , G r e e n s b o r o —W i n s t o n - S a l e m —H ig h P o i n t , N .C ., A u g . 1 9 7 5 _______________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 9 , G r e e n v i l l e —S p a r t a n b u r g , S . C . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 ____________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 2 , H a r t f o r d , C o n n . , M a r . 1 9 7 5 1 ____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 2 8 , H o u s t o n , T e x . , A p r . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________________________ S u p p l. H u n t s v i l l e , A l a . , F e b . 1 9 7 5 ______________________________________________________________________ S u p p l. I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 1 ___________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 6 , J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b . 1 9 7 5 _______________________________________________________________________ S u p p l. J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 1 9 7 5 _____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 1 , K a n s a s C it y , M o . —K a n s . , S e p t. 197 5 ___________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 5 , L e x i n g t o n —F a y e t t e , K y . , N o v . 1 9 7 5 1 ___________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 4 , L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 1 _______________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 6 , L o u i s v i l l e , K y .—I n d . , N o v . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 7 9 , M e l b o u r n e —T i t u s v i l l e —C o c o a , F l a . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 ______________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 4 , M e m p h i s , T e n n .—A r k . —M i s s . , N o v . 1 9 7 5 ______________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 5 , * Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change. 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. 2 To be suiveyed. 45 ce n ts $ 1 .2 0 85 ce n ts $ 1 .0 0 75 ce n ts $ 1 .3 0 65 ce n ts 65 ce n ts F ree $ 1 .5 0 95 c e n t s F ree 85 c e n t s 85 c e n t s F ree $ 1 .3 0 95 ce n ts 65 c e n t s $ 1 .5 0 F ree 45 ce n ts 65 c e n ts 75 ce n ts 85 c e n t s 80 c e n t s $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .1 0 80 c e n t s 65 c e n t s 65 c e n t s 80 c e n t s F ree F ree 95 c e n t s F ree 45 ce n ts 80 c e n t s 75 ce n ts $ 1 ,1 5 45 ce n ts 65 c e n t s 45 cen ts B u ll e t in n u m b e r A rea and p r ic e * M i a m i , F l a . , O c t . 1 9 7 5 _______________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 7 6 , M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1 9 7 5 1__________________ ____________________________________________ _______ 1 8 5 0 - 2 1 , M i n n e a p o l i s —S t. P a u l , M in n .—W i s . , J a n . 1 9 7 6 _________________________________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 3 , N a s s a u - S u f f o l k , N . Y . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 1_________________________________________________________ _______ 1 8 5 0 - 3 9 , N e w a r k , N . J . , J a n . 1 9 7 5 1___________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 1 8 , N e w O r l e a n s , L a . , J a n . 1 9 7 6 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 9 0 0 - 2 , N e w Y o r k , N . Y . - N . J . , M a y 1 9 7 5 1 ......................................................... ........................................................... 1 8 5 0 - 4 5 , N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a B e a c h —P o r t s m o u t h , V a .—N . C . , M a y 197 5 _________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 2 9 , N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a B e a c h —P o r t s m o u t h a n d N e w p o r t N e w s H a m p t o n , V a .—N . C . , M a y 197 5 _________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 3 0 , N o r t h e a s t P e n n s y l v a n i a , A u g . 1 9 7 5 _______________________________________________ _______________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 2 , O k l a h o m a C i t y , O k l a . , A u g . 1 9 7 5 _________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 1 , O m a h a , N e b r .—I o w a , O c t . 1 9 7 5 ____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 6 , P a t e r s o n —C l i f t o n - P a s s a i c , N . J . , J u n e 197 5 1__________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 3 8 , P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .—N . J . , N o v . 197 5 ________________________ _______________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 5 , P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n . 1 9 7 6 1 _____________________________________________ __________________________ 1 9 0 0 - 1 , P o r t l a n d , M a i n e , N o v . 1 9 7 5 ______________________________________________________________ ___________ 1 8 5 0 - 7 2 , P o r t l a n d , O r e g . —W a s h . , M a y 1 9 7 5 _______________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 0 , P o u g h k e e p s i e , N . Y . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 1 ___________________________________________________________ _______ 1 8 5 0 - 7 0 , P o u g h k e e p s i e —K in g s t o n —N e w b u r g h , N .Y ., J u n e 1 9 7 5 1 ________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 6 8 , P r o v i d e n c e —W a r w i c k —P a w t u c k e t , R . I . , —M a s s . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 __________________ ______________ 1 8 5 0 - 2 7 , R a l e i g h - D u r h a m , N . C . , F e b . 1 9 7 5 ____________________________________________________ ___________S u p p l. R i c h m o n d , V a . , J u n e 1 9 7 5 _______ ___________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 1 , S t. L o u i s , M o .—111., M a r . 1 9 7 5 ____________________________________________________________________ S u p p l. ____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 8 7 , S a cra m e n to , C a lif., D e c. 1975 S a g in a w , M i c h . , N o v . 1 9 7 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 8 5 0 - 7 1 , S a lt L a k e C it y —O g d e n , U ta h , N o v . 1 9 7 5 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 8 5 0 - 7 4 , S a n A n t o n i o , T e x . , M a y 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________ ___________________ 1 8 5 0 - 2 3 , S a n D i e g o , C a l i f . , N o v . 1 9 7 5________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 -7 7 , S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , M a r . 1 9 7 5 1-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 8 5 0 - 3 5 , S a n J o s e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1 9 7 5 1 ______________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 3 6 , S e a t t le —E v e r e t t , W a s h ., J a n . 1 9 7 5 _______________________________________________________________ S u p p l. S o u t h B e n d , I n d ., M a r . 197 5 ____________________ ___________________________________________________ S u p p l. S t a m f o r d , C o n n . 1 2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S y r a c u s e , N . Y . , J u ly 1 9 7 5 __________________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 3 , T o l e d o , O h io —M i c h . , M a y 1 9 7 5 1 __________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 3 4 , T r e n t o n , N . J . , S e p t . 1 9 7 5 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 8 5 0 - 6 0 , U t i c a —R o m e , N . Y . , J u ly 1 9 7 5 1 ____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 4 8 , W a s h in g t o n , D .C .—M d .—V a . , M a if. 1 9 7 5 1---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 8 5 0 - 3 1 , W e s t c h e s t e r C o u n t y , N . Y . , M a y 1 9 7 5 1__________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 5 3 , W i c h i t a , K a n s . , A p r . 1 9 7 5 ------------------------------------------ ------- -----------------------------------------------------------------S u p p l. W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , M a y 1 9 7 5 1 ____________________________________________________________________ 1 8 5 0 - 2 4 , Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1 9 7 6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 9 0 0 - 4 , 95 c e n t s 85 c e n t s 95 c e n t s $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 0 75 ce n ts $ 1 .1 0 65 cen ts 65 ce n ts 65 cen ts 6 5 cen ts $ 1 .1 0 80 c e n t s 85 c e n t s $ 1 .1 5 45 ce n ts 7 5 cen ts 65 c e n ts 75 ce n ts 75 cen ts F ree 65 cen ts F ree 45 ce n ts 35 cen ts 75 ce n ts 65 cen ts 45 cen ts $ 1 .0 0 85 c e n t s F ree F ree 65 ce n ts 80 c e n t s $ 1 .2 0 80 c e n t s $ 1 .0 0 80 c e n t s F ree 80 c e n t s 55 ce n ts Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region II Region I Suite 3400 1603 JFK Federal Building 1515 Broadway Government Center New York, N.Y. 10036 Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212) Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617) Coneecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Region III 3535 Market Street, P.O, Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 597-1154 (Area Cade 215) Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Region IV Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St., N.E. 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