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L
Area
Wage
Survey
Bulletin 2025-19
3
,
:
Worcester, Massachusetts,
Metropolitan Area, April 1978
Preface
T h is b u lle tin p ro v id e s re s u lts o f an A p r il 1978 s u rv e y o f o c
cu pational e arn in gs and s u p p lem en ta ry w age b e n e fits in the W o r c e s t e r ,
M a s s a c h u s e tts , Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a .
T h e s u r v e y was
m ade as p a rt o f the B u reau o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s ' annual a r e a w age s u rv e y
p ro g r a m .
It was conducted by the B u re a u 's r e g io n a l o ffic e in B oston ,
M a s s ., under the g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n o f G ord on E. B ow en , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l
C o m m is s io n e r fo r O p e ra tio n s . T h e s u r v e y could not have b een a c c o m p lis h e d
w ithout the c o o p e r a tio n o f the m an y fir m s w h ose w a g e and s a la r y data
p ro v id e d the b a sis f o r the s ta tis tic a l in fo rm a tio n in this b u lletin .
Th e
B u reau w is h e s to e x p r e s s s in c e re a p p re c ia tio n fo r the c o o p e ra tio n r e c e iv e d .
M a te r ia l in this p u b lic a tio n is in the pu b lic d o m a in and m a y be r e
p ro d u ced w ithout p e r m is s io n o f the F e d e r a l G o v e rn m en t. P le a s e c r e d it the
B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s and c ite the nam e and nu m ber o f th is p u b lication .
Note:
A ls o a v a ila b le fo r the W o r c e s t e r a r e a a r e lis t in g s o f union w a g e
ra te s f o r seven s e le c te d b u ild in g tr a d e s . F r e e c o p ie s o f th es e a r e a v a ila b le
f r o m the B u reau 's re g io n a l o ffic e s . (S e e b ack c o v e r fo r a d d r e s s e s .)
Area
Wage
Survey
Worcester, Massachusetts,
Metropolitan Area, April 1978
U.S. Department of Labor
Ray Marshall, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Julius Shiskin, Commissioner
Contents
Page
Page
July 1978
Bulletin 2025-19
In tro d u c tio n _________________________________________
2
T ab les— Continued
B.
T a b le s;
A.
E arn in gs, a ll establishm ents:
A - l . W e e k ly earnings o f o ffic e w o rk e rs __ 3
A - 2 . W e e k ly earnings o f p ro fes s ion a l
and technical w o r k e r s ______________ 5
A - 3. A v e ra g e w eek ly earnings of
o ffic e , p ro fession a l, and
techn ical w o rk e rs , by s e x _________ 6
A - 4 . H ou rly earnings o f m aintenance,
toolroom , and powerplant
w o rk e rs _____________________________
7
A - 5. H ou rly earnings o f m a te ria l
m ovem ent and custodial w o rk e rs __ 8
A - 6. A v e ra g e hourly earnings o f
m aintenance, toolroom , p ow erplant, m a te ria l m ovem ent, and
custodial w o rk e rs , by s e x _________ 9
A - l . P e rc e n t in creases in avera ge
hourly earnings, adjusted fo r
em ploym ent shifts, fo r selected
occupational gro u p s_________________ 10
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, GPO
Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover.
E stablishm en t p ra ctice s and
supplem entary w age p rovision s:
B - l . M inim um entrance s a la rie s fo r
inexperien ced typists and c le r k s ___ 11
B -2 . L a te -s h ift pay p ro visio n s fo r
fu ll-tim e m anufacturing
production and related w o rk e rs ____ 12
B -3 . Scheduled w e e k ly hours and days of
fu ll-tim e fir s t - s h ift w o r k e r s ________ 13
B -4 . Annual paid holidays fo r fu ll-tim e
w o rk e rs _______________________________ 14
B -5 . P aid vacation p ro visio n s fo r
fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs ____________________ 15
B -6 . Health, insurance, and pension
plans fo r fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs __________ 17
B -7 . L ife insurance plans fo r
fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs ____________________ 18
Appendix A .
Appendix B,
Scope and method o f s u r v e y _________ 21
Occupational d e s c rip tio n s ____________27
Introduction
T h is a r e a is 1 o f 75 in w h ich the U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f L a b o r 's B u
reau o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s conducts s u rv e y s o f occu p atio n al e a rn in g s and r e
lated b e n e fits .
(S e e lis t o f a r e a s on in s id e b ack c o v e r . )
In each a r e a ,
occu p atio n al ea rn in g s data ( A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) a r e c o lle c te d annually.
I n fo r
m a tion on e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c tic e s and s u p p lem en ta ry w a g e b e n e fits (B s e r ie s ta b le s ) is obtained e v e r y th ird y e a r.
E ach y e a r a ft e r a ll in d iv id u a l a r e a w a g e s u rve y s have b een c o m
p le te d , tw o s u m m a ry b u lle tin s a r e issu ed .
T h e f i r s t b rin g s to g e th e r data
fo r each m e tro p o lita n a r e a s u rv e y e d ; the secon d p re s e n ts nation al and r e
gion a l e s tim a te s , p r o je c te d fr o m in d ivid u al m e tro p o lita n a r e a data, fo r a ll
Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s in the U nited S ta tes, exclu d in g A la s k a
and H aw a ii.
A m a jo r c o n s id e r a tio n in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is the need
to d e s c r ib e the l e v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r ie t y o f la b o r m a rk e ts ,
through the a n a ly s is of (1 ) the l e v e l and d is trib u tio n o f w a g e s by occu p ation ,
and (2 ) the m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y occu p ation al c a te g o r y and s k ill le v e l.
The p r o g r a m d e v e lo p s in fo rm a tio n that m a y be used f o r m any p u rp o s es ,
in clu din g w a g e and s a la r y a d m in is tra tio n , c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g , and a s
s is ta n c e in d e te rm in in g plant lo c a tio n .
S u rv e y re s u lts a ls o a r e used by the
U.S. D e p a rtm e n t o f L a b o r to m ak e w a g e d e te rm in a tio n s u n der the S e r v ic e
C o n tra c t A c t o f 1965.
A - s e r ie s
ta b le s
T a b le s A - l through A - 6 p ro v id e e s tim a te s o f s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly
or h o u rly e a rn in g s f o r w o r k e r s in occupations com m on to a v a r ie t y of
m an u factu rin g and nonm anu facturing in d u s trie s .
F o r the 31 la r g e s t s u r v e y
a r e a s , ta b le s A - 8 th rou gh A - 13 p ro v id e s im ila r data fo r es ta b lis h m en ts
e m p lo y in g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e .
T a b le A -7 p ro v id e s p e rc e n t chan ges in a v e r a g e h o u rly e a rn in g s of
o ffic e c le r ic a l w o r k e r s , e le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s , in d u s tria l
n u rs e s , s k ille d m ainten ance tra d e s w o r k e r s , and u n sk ille d plant w o r k e r s .
W h ere p o s s ib le , data a r e p re s e n te d f o r a ll in d u s tr ie s and fo r m an u factu rin g
and nonm anufacturing s e p a ra te ly .
D ata a r e not p re s e n te d fo r s k ille d m a in
tenance w o rk e rs in nonm anu facturing b e ca u s e the nu m ber o f w o r k e r s e m
p loy ed in this occu p ation al group in n on m an u factu rin g is to o s m a ll to w a r r a n t
s e p a ra te p resen ta tion .
T h is ta b le p r o v id e s a m e a s u re o f w a g e tre n d s a fte r
e lim in a tio n of changes in a v e r a g e e a rn in g s cau sed b y e m p lo y m e n t sh ifts
am ong esta b lish m en ts as w e ll as tu r n o v e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts in clu d ed in
s u r v e y sam p les.
F o r fu rth e r d e ta ils , s ee ap p en d ix A.
B - s e r ie s
tables
The B - s e r ie s tab les p re s e n t in fo rm a tio n on m in im u m en tra n ce
s a la r ie s fo r in e x p e rie n c e d typ ists and c le r k s ; la t e - s h ift pay p r o v is io n s and
p r a c t ic e s fo r p rod u ction and r e la te d w o r k e r s in m a n u factu rin g; and data
s e p a r a te ly fo r p rod u ction and r e la te d w o r k e r s and o ffic e w o r k e r s on s c h e d
u led w e e k ly hours and days of f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s ; paid h o lid a y s ; paid v a c a
tio n s; health, in su ran ce, and p en sion p lan s; and m o r e d e ta ile d in fo rm a tio n
on lif e insu ran ce plans.
A p p en d ixes
A p p en d ix A d e s c r ib e s th e m eth od s and c o n cep ts used in the a r e a
w a g e s u rv e y p r o g r a m .
It p r o v id e s in fo rm a tio n on the s c o p e o f the a r e a
s u r v e y , the a r e a 's in d u s tria l c o m p o s itio n in m a n u fa c tu rin g , and la b o r m anagem en t a g re e m e n t c o v e r a g e .
A ppendix B p ro v id e s job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed by B u rea u
o m is ts to c la s s ify w o rk e rs by occu p ation .
f ie ld e c o n
A. Earnings
Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
to $360.
**
to $360.
***
W orkers
w e r e d is tri b u te d a s f ol lo w s:
6 at $270 to $280; 2 at
W orkers
were
14 at $270 to $280;
d ist rib ut ed as f ol lo w s:
$280 to $290; 2 at $290 to $300;
6 at $280 to $290; and
14 at $290 to $300.
See footnotes at end of tabl es.
3 at $300 to $310;
3
1 at $320
to $330;
3 at $330 to $340;
1 at $340 to $350; and
1 at
$350
Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978— Continued
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s re c e iv in g st ra ig h t- ti m e w ee kl y ea rnings of—
Occupa tion and in d us try di vis ion
Number
of
wodeers
S
Average
weekly
(standard)
Mean2
Median 2
Middle range 2
s
S
100
and
under
105
105
$
110
$
*
%
115
120
125
s
t
130
140
*
150
$
160
s
170
s
180
$
190
S
$
200
210
$
S
S
220
2 30
240
s
$
250
260
270
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
and
110
115
120
125
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
2 20
230
240
250
260
270
ov er
7
1
6
4
i
3
6
4
2
-
~
-
2
2
-
-
-
ALL WORKERS—
CONTINUED
MESSENGERS ---------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
60
25
35
38.5
38.5
38.0
$
132.03
13 4. 0 0
13 0 . 5 0
$
132. 00
132.00
129.00
$
$
1 1 8 .0 0 -1 4 5 .0 0
1 2 7 .0 0 -1 4 0 .5 0
1 1 2 .0 0 -1 4 9 .0 0
SUITCH80AR0 OPERATORS --------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
54
31
38.5
37.5
17 8. 0 0
17 7.0 0
175. 00
171. 00
150.50-211.00
149.50-218.50
-
SUITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSMANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
109
79
35
39.5
39.5
39.0
15 4 . 0 3
15 4. 0 0
15 5 . 0 0
151.00
152. 00
145. 00
139.0 0 -1 6 3 .5 0
136.00-164.00
139.0 0 -1 6 0 .0 0
-
-
-
1
1
ORDER CLERKS ----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
120
87
39.5
39.0
17 1 . 0 0
17 6. 5 0
166. 50
170.00
150.00-186.50
152.00-202.50
-
-
1
“
OROER CLERKS. CLASS A ----------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
83
58
39.5
39.5
18 1. 0 0
19 1 . 0 0
176. 50
186. 50
151.00-204.50
1 7 0 .0 0 -2 1 4 .0 0
-
-
-
OROER CLERKS. CLASS B ----------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
37
29
39.0
39.0
148.50
14 7 . 5 0
155. 00
155.00
1 3 5 .0 0 -1 5 5 .0 0
1 3 5 .0 0 -1 5 5 .0 0
-
-
-
-
i
-
ACCOUNTING CLERKS -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
6 29
200
9 29
38.0
39.0
38.0
18 2 . 0 0
18 5 . 0 0
180.50
175. 00
177. 00
173.00
140.0 0 -2 1 1 .5 0
161.50-214.00
135.00-211.50
-
11
-
11
5
5
ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS A -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
308
111
197
38.0
39.0
37.5
204.50
201.50
2 0 6 .Ou
195.00
200.0 0
195.00
170.00-259.00
174.00-222.00
165.00-259.00
-
-
ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONNANUFACTURING --------------------------------
321
89
232
38.0
39.0
38.0
16 0 . 5 0
16 4. 5 0
15 9. 0 0
150. 00
166.00
141.00
130.00-199.50
142.00-177.00
123.00-211.50
-
PAYROLL CLERKS ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
132
91
41
39.0
39.5
38.0
18 7. 5 0
18 1.5 0
19 9. 5 0
184.50
180. 00
186. 00
169.50-208.00
169.50-203.00
172.50-247.50
-
KEY ENTRY OPERATORS -------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
258
100
158
39.0
39.5
39.0
16 4.5 0
16 9.0 0
16 1.5 0
160. 50
168. 00
154. 00
1 4 0 .0 0 -1 6 7 .0 0
150.00-187.50
136.00-187.00
-
KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A -------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
161
68
93
39.0
39.5
38.5
179.00
18 0. 5 0
17 8.0 0
18 2. 00
183. 00
170.00
KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS B -------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
97
32
65
39.5
39.5
39.0
14 0 . 0 0
14 5.0 0
13 8.0 0
13 8. 00
146.00
138. 00
5
*
5
9
4
5
9
3
6
4
i
3
-
~
-
4
3
5
3
ii
7
3
-
4
3
5
1
1
1
~
10
8
2
19
9
10
18
10
8
19
16
3
17
12
5
11
11
-
2
2
1
1
2
2
5
5
17
7
27
17
6
4
15
10
-
-
-
-
14
4
11
6
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
5
5
3
3
16
11
14
14
37
23
6
17
63
14
49
34
10
24
4
4
12
12
“
-
11
-
3
1
3
-
6
5
_
6
6
-
2
”
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
_
1
_
-
8
4
4
1
-
4
2
2
-
-
16
11
3
3
6
6
5
5
9
9
2
2
3
3
15
10
16
11
_
6
6
5
5
9
9
2
2
3
3
4
2
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
42
18
24
45
21
24
58
37
21
40
16
24
38
8
30
19
16
3
66
22
44
16
7
9
4
4
6
6
18
8
10
31
12
19
31
16
15
36
13
23
17
4
13
16
13
3
17
17
~
3
3
4
4
-
-
_
~
-
-
~
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
22
15
7
88
2
86
3
3
1
i
15
15
88
2
86
3
3
1
i
-
7
7
-
-
-
"
-
-
9
2
7
1
-
-
5
5
10
10
35
35
19
6
13
51
14
37
28
10
18
24
10
14
14
9
5
27
21
6
4
3
1
21
4
17
3
3
-
49
5
44
13
4
9
“
-
2
2
6
6
6
2
4
6
5
1
3
2
i
14
13
1
21
15
6
22
12
10
10
8
2
10
8
2
11
10
1
2
-
-
2
-
9
6
3
1
-
2
8
8
13
3
10
4
i
3
29
9
20
33
9
24
34
14
20
31
15
16
13
5
8
27
20
7
33
17
16
10
7
3
1
-
18
_
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
_
-
_
1
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
5
5
13
3
10
20
5
15
26
12
14
9
4
5
27
20
7
33
17
16
7
7
-
1
18
_
_
12
3
9
3
1
2
24
9
15
20
6
14
14
9
5
5
3
2
4
i
3
“
2
2
2
160.0 0 -1 9 2 .0 0
1 6 7 . 0 0 - 1 9 3 . OJ
153.50-191.00
-
-
-
125.00-150.00
135.00-156.50
120.0 0 -1 4 6 .0 0
-
2
2
_
~
2
11
37
-
4
4
2
2
See footnotes at end of tables.
11
8
3
~
-
5
3
2
4
2
“
8
8
_
_
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
18
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
3
_
_
_
_
_
_
f professional and technical workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
Weekly earnings
(standard)
Average
weekly
hours1
[standard)
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r ec ei vi n g st r a i g h t - t i m e w ee kl y e ar ni ng s of—
s
$
120
Mean*
Median 2
Middle range 2
s
s
s
130
140
150
s
S
160
170
s
180
S
$
190
200
%
210
220
s
$
230
240-
$
260
s
S
$
280
300
320
s
%
340
360
%
380
and
unde r
400
and
*
170
220
230
-
1
1
-
“
*
~
~
_
150
160
~
140
_
_
190
210
-
180
200
-
151
38
113
38.0
39.0
37 .5
$
34 7. 5 0
36 5. 0 0
3 4 1. 50
$
338.50
360.00
337.50
$
$
307.50-391.50
325.50-396.50
302.50-380.00
“
1
1
43
29
3 8 .0
37.5
40 6 . 5 0
40 7. 0 0
407.00
411.00
381.50-428.50
384.0 0 -4 2 6 .0 0
85
62
38.0
37.5
33 7 . 0 0
3 3 4. 50
335.50
335.50
3 8 .5
39.0
3 8 .5
29 4 . 5 0
28 8 . 5 0
29 8 . 5 0
290.50
276.50
303.50
256.00-336.00
249.50-313.50
261.00-346.00
“
39
26
38.5
38.5
33 6 . 5 0
32 4 . 5 0
363.00
359.00
309.00-383.00
289.50-376.50
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
~
~
“
”
~
~
~
64
32
32
38.5
39.0
38.0
28 3 . 5 0
26 4. 5 0
30 2 . 5 0
284.00
259.50
30 7 .00
259.00-312.00
248.50-283.50
284.50-321.00
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
~
-
-
152
59
93
38 .5
39.0
38.0
20 5. 0 0
2 1 4. 50
19 9.0 0
193.00
204.00
184.00
173.00-225.50
184.50-242.50
160.00-219.00
2
2
41
38.0
23 2. 5 0
219.00
208.00-259.00
85
34
51
38.5
39 .5
38.0
20 8.5 0
20 4. 0 0
21 2.0 0
192.00
197.00
186.50
1 7 5 .0 0 -2 2 4 .5 0
184.50-218.00
1 7 2 .5 0 -2 2 4 .5 0
-
26
38.0
15 1 . 0 0
152.00
136.00-157.50
2
5
2
328
317
40.0
40.0
26 3.5 0
26 3.5 0
270.00
269.50
2 3 3 .5 0 -2 9 9 .0 0
2 3 3 .0 0 -2 9 9 .0 0
-
2
2
-
152
146
40.0
40.0
28 9.5 0
28 9.5 0
299.00
298.00
264.00-322.50
264.00-322.50
-
-
121
118
40* 0
40.0
25 6. 5 0
25 6.5 0
262.50
262.00
2 3 6 .0 0 -2 8 7 .5 0
237.00-287.50
-
47
40.0
21 2.5 0
213.00 1 9 0 . 0 0 - 2 4 2 . 5 0
280
300
320
3 40
360
380
*
5
1
4
15
1
14
10
2
8
17
5
12
28
9
19
15
1
14
15
5
10
12
5
7
*32
9
23
-
-
-
-
-
5
2
2
i
3
2
5
25
19
6
5
7
5
15
10
21
15
12
12
12
8
4
2
7
4
17
11
6
14
7
7
14
5
9
17
7
10
9
9
7
2
5
10
1
9
10
5
5
2
2
~
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
2
5
3
9
8
10
5
2
12
7
5
9
3
6
15
6
9
7
2
1
-
-
7
2
1
-
-
10
1
_
_
_
-
3
3
-
10
1
-
-
-
-
3
-
1
-
-
-
_
_
10
_
_
_
_
310.00-361.50
310.50-355.00
120
48
72
240
400 ove r
260
1
1
130
-
-
“
_
_
~
“
-
-
_
-
-
~
~
-
-
2
2
_
_
_
_
_
~
~
“
~
~
~
-
”
7
2
5
-
_
-
-
5
2
3
6
4
2
5
5
_
_
_
_
2
2
_
_
-
-
~
_
“
2
1
1
3
2
1
11
11
-
5
2
2
16
2
14
9
2
7
14
1
13
23
15
8
11
5
6
13
10
3
12
2
10
9
3
6
5
2
3
11
8
3
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
4
2
7
7
1
3
7
5
-
-
-
4
11
11
17
10
7
9
5
4
6
6
4
8
2
6
5
2
3
8
3
5
2
1
i
4
4
-
1
1
-
12
1
2
4
4
9
9
-
-
-
6
5
13
13
14
14
20
20
11
10
13
13
54
52
-
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
9
9
4
4
6
6
-
-
"
3
3
i
i
_
-
-
2
2
4
4
6
6
7
7
6
5
-
-
-
-
7
-
4
5
6
4
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
5
5
.
2
5
_
40.0
40.0
28 0. 5 0
25 0. 0 0
282.00 2 2 9 . 0 0 - 3 3 1 . 0 0
256.00 2 1 3 . 0 0 - 2 8 3 . 0 0
36
40.0
31 4. 0 0
321.00
36
29
39.0
39 .5
25 2. 0 0
2 5 4. 50
245.50
249.50
2 3 8 .0 0 -2 7 2 .0 0
2 4 0 .0 0 -2 7 2 .0 0
15
$ 400 to $ 420; 7 at $ 420 to $ 440; 2 at $ 440 to $ 460; 6 at $ 460 to $ 480; and 2 at $ 480 to $ 500.
-
_
_
-
_
-
-
10
-
-
-
-
49
48
54
52
32
28
47
47
-
-
-
-
~
12
11
29
28
16
16
27
23
47
47
2
2
27
27
20
20
38
36
5
5
-
“
1
5
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
2
2
5
5
5
5
8
7
6
6
8
2
4
7
1
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
5
1
7
4
7
1
-
5
4
13
11
7
7
5
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
276.00-355.00
-
-
‘
-
-
"
"
5
-
2
2
2
2
63
44
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
i
i
1
4
2
-
“
-
-
-
“
~
“
-
-
-
“
“
“
~
Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex.
in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
Average
(mean2)
Sex, 3 occupation,
OFFICE
and in du str y d iv is io n
OCCUPATIONS -
Weekly
hours1
Weekly
earnings1
(standard)
MEN
$
MESSENGERS ----------------------------------------
Average
(mean2)
Average
(mean2)
Sex, 3 occupation, and in dustry division
Num
ber
of
w
orkers
Weekly
Weekly
earnings1
hours1
(standard) (standard)
Sex, 3 occupation,
and i ndu st ry division
OCCUPATIONS -
SECRETARIES --------------MANUFACTURING —
NONMANUFACTURING
SECRETARIES.
CLASS A
608
271
337
38.5
39.0
38.0
93 { 3 8 . 5
2 0 9 .5 0
2 1 1 .0 0
2 0 8 .0 0
2 5 5 .5 0
SECRETARIES. CLASS B
MANUFACTURING ----------NONMANUFACTURING
185
3 8 . 5 2 2 3 .5 0
107 | 3 9 . 0 [219.00
78
3 8 . 5 2 2 9 .5 0
SECRETARIES. CLASS C
MANUFACTURING ----------NONMANUFACTURING —
172
; 3 8 . 5 1217.00
57 i 3 9 . 5 2 1 2 .5 0
115 j 3 8 . 0 |219.00
SECRETARIES. CLASS 0
MANUFACTURING ----------NONMANUFACTURING —
161
72
89
SECRETARIES.
CLASS E
STENOGRAPHERS. GENERAL
MANUFACTURING --------------SENIOR
TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE TYPISTS
MANUFACTURING ------------------------
31
39.0
1 6 2 .5 0
77
53
STENOGRAPHERS
MANUFACTURING
STENOGRAPHERS.
3 8 . 0 i l8 5 .0 0
3 8 . 5 1 9 5 .5 0
3 7 . 0 1 7 6. 50
39.0
39.5
1 7 5 .0 0
1 8 0 .5 0
98
39
39.5
90.0
1 5 9 .0 0
167 .00
29
3 8 . 5 [2 0 1 .OC
69
37
38.5
39.5
1 5 9. 00
1 6 5. 50
TYPISTS -----------------------MANUFACTURING —
NONMANUFACTURING
160
69
91
T Y PI ST S. CLASS A
MANUFACTURING —
NONMANUFACTURING
63
39
29
39.5
39.5
39.0
155 .0 0
1 5 1. 00
1 5 9. 50
T Y PI ST S. CLASS B
MANUFACTURING —
NONMANUFACTURING
97
35
62
38.0
39.5
37.5
139.50
1 9 6. 00
1 2 7. 50
FILE CLERKS --------------MANUFACTURING —
NONMANUFACTURING
107
30
77
38.0
39.5
37.5
1 2 5. 50
198 .00
1 1 6. 50
FILE
CLERKS.
3 8 . 5 1 9 2 .5 0
3 9 . 5 1 9 8. 50
3 8 . 0 [138.00
CLASS B
36
39 .0
69
55
37.5
37.0
1 18 .0 0
1 16 .5 0
3 8 .0
59
31
3 8 .5
3 7 .5
1 7 8. 00
1 7 7. 00
109
79
35
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
3 9 .0
1 5 9. 00
154 .00
155 .0 0
ORDER CLERKS ----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
99
81
3 9 .5
3 9 .0
1 7 0. 00
173 .5 0
ORDER CLERKS. CLASS A ----------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
57
52
3 9 .5
3 9 .5
183 .50
188.00
SWITCHBOARD OPERA TOR-RECEPTION I S T S MANUFACTURING--------------------------------------|
NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------j
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
( B U S I N E S S ) . CLASS B -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
66
96
38.0
37.5
$
3 3 8 .5 0
3 3 9 .0 0
COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) -----MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
99
37
57
3 8 .5
39.0
3 8 .5
2 9 5 .0 0
2 9 9 .5 0
2 9 5 .5 0
COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) .
CLASS A ----------------------------------------------------
31
38.5
3 3 9 . OU
51
27
38.5
38.5
2 8 3 .5 0
3 0 0 .5 0
116
33
83
38.0
39.0
38.0
2 06 .5 0
2 2 0 .5 0
2 0 1 .0 0
37
29
39.0
3 9 .0
148 .50
197 .50
COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) .
CLASS B ---------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------
ACCOUNTING C L E R K S ------------------------------------- 1
MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMA NUF AC T U R I N G --------------------------------
5 76
190
386
38.0
39.0
38.0
1 7 8. 50
184.00
175 .50
COMPUTER OPERATORS ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS A -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
276
105
171
38.0
39.0
3 7 .5
199 .50
199 .50
199.50
ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
300
85
215
38.0
3 9 .0
38.0
1 5 8. 50
165 .00
156 .0 0
PAYROLL CLERKS ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
125
87
38
3 9 .0
3 9 .5
3 8 .5
1 8 5. 00
181.00
195 .00
KEY ENTRY O P E RAT OR S --------------------------------- [
MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
2 56
100
156
39.0
3 9 .5
3 8 .5
1 6 4 . 5J
1 6 9. 00
1 6 2. 00
KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A -------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
161
68
39.0
93
3 8 .5
179 .0 0
180 .50
178 .0 0
KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS B -------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
95
39.5
3 9 .5
39.0
190 .5 0
1 9 5. 00
1 3 8 .0 0
ORDER CLERKS. CLASS B ----------------------MANUFACTURING----------------------------------------i
A ----------
29
38.0
2 3 0 .5 0
COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS B ---------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
71
48
38.5
38.0
2 1 0 .0 0
2 1 0 .0 0
DRAFTERS --------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
310
300
90.0
90.0
2 6 6 .5 0
2 6 6 .0 0
DRAFTERS. CLASS A --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
146
190
90.0
90.0
2 9 2 .0 0
2 92 .0 0
DRAFTERS. CLASS B --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
116
119
90.0
90.0
2 5 8 .0 0
2 5 7 .5 0
ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS ----------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
61
92
90.0
90.0
2 8 9 .0 0
2 5 9 .0 0
A-
36
40.0
3 1 4 .0 0
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
( B U S I N E S S ) --------------------------------------------------
32
63
39.5
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL
OCCUPATIONS - MEN
26
37.5
3 38 .0 0
------
26
38.5
2 9 2 .0 0
COMPUTER OPERATORS.
ELECTRONICS
CLASS
TE CHN IC IAN S.
CLASS
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL
OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
(B U S IN E S S ) -------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
125
39
91
3 8 .0
39.0
3 7 .5
3 9 9 .5 0
3 6 6. 50
3 9 3. 50
COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS
COMPUTER OPERATORS ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
36
26
39.0
39.5
2 0 1 .0 0
2 0 7 .5 0
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
( B U S I N E S S ) . CLASS A ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
39
26
38.0
37.5
9 0 5 .0 0
9 0 6 .5 0
REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL NURSES -----------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
36
29
39.0
39.5
2 5 2 .0 0
2 5 9 .5 0
See footnotes at end of table s.
Weekly
earnings1
(standard)
$
1 3 9 .0 0 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
(BU S IN E S S) - CONTINUED
1 2 9. 50
FILE CLERKS. CLASS C
NONMANUFACTURING -
31
SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS ---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
WOMEN
Weekly
hours
(standard)
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL
OCCUPATIONS - HEN— CONTINUED
OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED
1 3 0. 00
MESSENGERS ----------------------------------------------------
OFFICE
Number
of
workers
6
(BUSINESS)
Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
Hourly earnings 4
Occupation and industry d ivi sio n
Num
ber
of
workers
N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r ec ei vi n g s t r a ig h t -t im e hourly ea rn in g s of—
£
Mean *
Median2
Middle range 2
%
4 .0 0
i
4.00
Under
4 . 20 <1.40 4 . 6 0
and
under
£
_
£
4.40
2
2
1
1
£
£
4.80 5.00
_
4.20
ALL
£
_
_
4.60
4.80
_
£
£
_
*
£
_
£
*
*
6.00
5.60 5.80
6.20
6.40
_
_
_
*
_
_
5.40
5.60
5.80
6.00
6,20
6,40
6.60
6.80
5
5
5.00
5.20
5
5
-
5
5
6
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
4
ii
ii
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
5
5
6
4
7
5
17
17
_
3
3
6
6
5
5
6
6
_
"
2
2
31
31
14
14
12
12
17
17
8
8
_
*
----£ ----- ----*
-------£ ----- £ £
7.00
6.60 6.80
_
7 .2 0
7 .4 0
7 .8 0 8 . 2 0
8 .60
7 .4 0
7 .8 0
8 .2 0
9 .0 0 o v e r
_
7.00
9 .00
_
7.20
8.60
WORKERS
CARPENTERS -------------------------m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------
52
51
$
6.30
6.30
$
6.24
6.23
$
5.405.39-
$
6 .7 1
6 .7 1
MAINTENANCE EL ECTRICIANS --------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
121
116
6.93
6.95
6. 71
6.75
6. 346.37-
7 .5 0
7 .5 0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MAINTENANCE MACHINISTS -------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
105
105
6. 8 1
6.81
6. 71
6. 7 1
5.835.83-
7 .2 8
7 .2 8
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
12
12
-
MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY* MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
349
335
6.39
6. 3 1
6 .2 3
6.23
5.265.25-
7 .2 7
6 .8 5
-
_
2
2
5
5
11
11
39
39
MAINTENANCE MECHANICS
(MOTOR VEHICLES) ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------P UB LI C U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------
127
29
98
68
7.24
6.89
7 .3 4
7.49
7. 00
6. 9 5
7.38
6. 9 0
6.576.276.656 . 4 5-
7.74
7.04
7.74
8 .2 6
MAINTENANCE P I P EF IT TE R S -----------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
60
60
6. 78
6.78
6.75
6. 7 5
6 . 4 86.48-
MAINTENANCE TRADES HELPERS ----------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
38
31
4.07
4.30
3. 90
4. 07
MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS (TOOLROOM* MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
74
74
5.63
5.63
TOOL ANO DIE MAKERS -------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
117
117
STATIONARY E N G I N E E R S ----------------*------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------BOILER TENDERS -------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
MAINTENANCE
*
£
5.20 5 .40
“
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
4
-
-
4
4
1
1
14
14
7
7
5
5
11
11
7
7
6
5
4
4
6
6
8
8
8
8
24
24
-
11
11
6
6
1
1
2
2
4
4
12
12
3
3
43
43
38
38
21
21
10
10
2
2
30
30
20
20
9
-
30
30
5
~
17
1
16
16
8
6
20
10
10
10
9
3
6
1
6
6
1
24
3
21
6
7
7
7
2
2
2
2
-
*17
11
11
-
9
9
-
-
"
2
2
4
4
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
-
-
-
4
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
_
-
-
3
3
9
9
2
2
2
2
_
-
-
_
_
-
"
-
-
-
-
-
7
7
3
3
13
13
1
1
14
14
-
-
16
16
10
10
-
2
2
4
4
28
28
3
3
21
21
8
-
a
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
2
2
2
7.21
7.21
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
3 .753.75-
4 .3 8
4.44
6
6
2
2
4
4
-
-
-
5. 5 0
5. 50
5.025.02-
6 .0 0
6 .0 0
_
-
-
-
-
-
6.09
6. 0 9
5.87
5.87
5.385.38-
6.54
6.54
-
-
_
-
-
-
31
30
6.74
6.75
6.51
6.51
6.476.47-
6.75
6.75
_
_
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
i
i
81
79
5.69
5.70
5. 6 6
5. 68
5.095.09-
6 .1 9
6 .1 9
6
6
-
9
9
3
3
-
4
4
10
9
-
-
-
5
-
-
_
7
6
n
li
7
-
-
-
6
6
12
12
3
3
1
1
7
7
1
1
3
3
15
14
4
4
-
-
10
10
4
4
3
3
2
2
_
at $ 3 20 to $ 3.40; 7 at $ 3 60 to $ 3 80; and 5 at $ 3 80 to $ 4.
See footnotes at end of t ab le s.
2
2
6
6
-
4
4
-
ii
ii
2
2
-
-
_
8
2
2
W o r k e r s w e r e at $ 9 to $ 9.40.
-
-
"
17
17
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
*
-
-
-
2
2
7
7
6
6
-
-
-
1
1
-
4
4
-
-
2
2
-
-
-
2
2
6
6
-
-
-
Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
Hourly earnings 4
$
2 .6 0
Mean2 Median2
Middle range 2
$
2.80
*
3 .00
%
3 .2 0
s
3 .4 0
*
3 .6 0
$
3.80
*
o
o
Occupation and industry di vi sio n
Number
of
workers
and
under
-
-
-
-
2 .8 0
3 .0 0
3 .20
3 .4 0
3 .6 0
3 .8 0
4.00
4.20
10
10
27
-
24
2
22
22
2
20
22
7
15
10
4
6
-
-
-
“i ------- s
*
4 .20 4 .4 0 4 .60
*
4 .8 0
S
5.00
$
5.20
S
5.40
*
5.60
$
5.80
s
6 .0 0
*
6.80
-
-
s
7 .6 0
*
8 .0 0
and
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4 .80
5 .0 0
5 .2 0
5 .40
5.60
5.80
6.00
6 .4 0
6 .8 0
7 .2 0
7 .6 0
8.00
ov er
8
8
23
16
7
12
7
5
18
3
15
17
17
“
9
3
6
13
12
1
7
7
“
10
5
5
26
10
16
7
84
23
61
65
3
62
*78
2
76
-
-
-
*
7 .2 0
4 .40 4 .6 0
-
-
S
6 .4 0
ALL WORKERS
TRUCKDRIVERS ----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
509
130
379
$
6.13
5. 6 5
6.30
$
6.61
5 .4 4
7.40
$
4.234.754.04-
$
7 .6 0
6 .7 4
7 .6 0
-
-
-
-
27
17
7
10
7
TRUCK --------------
130
6.87
8.85
4.8 0 -
8 .8 5
-
-
-
-
9
-
6
9
-
1
5
5
17
3
-
1
2
2
-
-
-
-
TRUCKDRIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK -----------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONHANUFACTURING --------------------------------
187
80
107
4.91
5.71
4.31
4.70
5.25
3. 75
3.614.753 .30-
6 .6 1
7 .2 5
4 .7 5
“
-
10
10
27
22
2
20
6
1
5
_
7
7
7
1
1
3
3
-
3
2
1
2
2
-
19
19
2
5
23
7
16
2
-
11
11
-
5
-
7
18
16
2
7
7
27
10
10
2
TRUCK --------------
50
5. 10
4.20
3.80-
5 .9 5
-
-
-
-
5
-
10
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
3
3
-
2
TRUCKORIVERS. TRACTOR-TRAILER -----NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
142
136
7.42
7.49
7. 4 0
7. 4 0
7 .407.40-
7 .6 0
7.60
3
6
6
_
_
_
-
-
"
3
-
3
3
SHIPPERS -------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
120
81
39
4.99
4.92
5.12
4. 7 5
4. 7 5
4.50
4.204 .254.20-
5 .5 7
5 .2 0
6 .1 3
-
-
-
-
-
-
RECEIVERS -----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
105
46
57
5 .1 1
4.69
5.46
4.51
4. 3 9
5.84
4 .153 .834 .2 5 -
6 .1 0
5.44
6 .3 5
-
_
5
-
5
SHIPPERS AND RECEIVERS ------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
96
77
4.57
4.76
4.70
4.70
4 .004 .32-
5.04
5 .2 0
-
2
-
8
-
WAREHOUSEMEN ----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
260
90
170
4.88
3.77
5.46
4.00
3. 71
7. 2 5
3 .383.253 .50-
7 .2 5
4 .1 8
7 .2 5
16
16
5
5
ORDER FILLERS --------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
377
69
308
4.70
4.00
4.85
3.62
4.06
3. 48
3 .002.933.00-
7 .0 5
4 .9 0
7 .0 5
30
2
28
43
18
25
SHIPPING PACKERS -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
274
174
4.10
4.52
3. 4 5
4. 5 5
3.153.15-
5 .0 0
5 .0 0
7
2
MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS ----------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------
645
499
5.26
4.63
4. 78
4. 7 5
4 .003 .99-
5 .5 0
5 .0 0
FORKLIFT OPERATORS ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
333
231
102
5.88
5.49
6.78
5. 9 4
5.26
7. 20
4 .444.397.20-
GUARDS ------------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
247
95
152
3.65
4.49
3.13
3. 2 5
4. 67
2.75
GUARDS. CLASS B ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
213
71
142
3.45
4.26
3.05
JANITORS. PORTERS. AND CLEANERS -----MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
469
256
213
4.00
4.23
3. 7 1
TRUCKDRIVERSe
TRUCKDRIVERS.
*
**
LIGHT
HEAVY
W o r k e r s w e r e at $8.80 to $9.20.
W o r k e r s w e r e dis tri but ed as fo l l o w s :
-
5
5
6
6
-
11
11
-
-
_
-
-
-
"
23
16
7
79
1
10
6
6
2
2
17
2
15
1
1
-
3
2
1
1
1
_
4
i
3
6
4
2
4
3
1
6
6
13
3
10
~
7
7
6
3
3
-
1
1
6
15
13
2
8
7
7
7
2
2
-
4
4
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
9
8
1
_
-
13
3
10
“
7
7
3
1
8
7
10
10
5
5
14
13
24
15
9
25
7
18
27
14
13
20
15
5
10
10
-
11
11
-
7
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
2
17
~
17
19
8
11
9
4
5
2
2
3
2
1
8
8
-
1
1
-
5
3
2
6
6
-
12
12
1
1
-
1
1
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
79
-
8
8
56
36
52
7
26
16
5
-
14
4
3
3
14
9
2
2
2
2
6
6
50
50
1
1
3
3
22
6
10
8
41
36
22
16
17
15
16
14
30
30
16
15
35
35
27
27
90
90
22
22
72
72
56
56
10
10
7 .2 0
6 .2 4
7.40
~
2
2
6
4
2
5
4
i
5
2
2
“
3
3
~
30
30
“
8
8
10
10
“
6
6
5
16
15
1
25
25
”
15
15
-
12
12
-
2.653 .712 .65-
4 .6 7
5 .2 6
3. 2 5
91
2
89
18
2
16
12
5
7
14
8
6
5
1
4
14
11
3
4
2
2
6
2
4
14
10
4
3
2
1
9
6
3
5
3
2
15
10
5
24
19
5
10
10
-
2
1
1
2. 90
4.35
2.65
2.653.562.65-
4 .2 0
5 .2 0
3 .0 0
91
2
89
18
2
16
12
5
7
9
8
1
5
1
4
14
11
3
4
2
2
6
2
4
14
10
4
3
2
1
6
3
3
2
2
10
5
5
13
13
-
3
3
-
2
1
1
3. 8 8
4.34
3.30
3.203.743.00-
4 .6 7
4 .8 3
4 .0 2
16
11
5
10
4
6
91
28
63
45
8
37
24
6
18
33
11
22
29
23
6
31
18
13
35
30
5
22
17
5
26
23
3
46
43
3
18
18
6
4
2
6
6
23
3
20
8
-
1
1
-
2 at $ 8 to $8.40; 1 at $8.40 to $8.80; and 109 at $8.80 to $9.20.
3
60
60
4
4
-
11
6
5
_
4
61
61
4
4
-
4
4
11
11
2
2
“
12
11
1
-
1
1
2
10
10
4
4
13
3
10
See footnotes at end of tables.
-
13
8
5
12
12
-
-
“
70
4
4
2
2
-
87
10
77
1
1
-
-
1
1
-
1
1
3
1
2
-
-
7
4
51
51
“
_
-
9
9
12
-
-
-
9
9
ii
ii
_
-
3
3
6
6
_
_
1
1
6
6
12
-
6
6
-
_
-
-
-
_
-
2
2
90
2
88
132
~
132
-
-
“
9
i
8
_
ii
ii
-
"
-
-
-
_
-
6
6
4**112
4
3
i
i
-
22
22
-
2
2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
2
2
-
“
~
~
Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom,
powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers,
by sex, in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division
Number
of
workers
Average
( mean2 )
hourly
earnings4
Sex,
occupation, and industry division
Number
of
MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL
OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED
MAINTENANCE, TOOLROOM, AND
POUERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - MEN
MAINTENANCE CARPENTERS -------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
52
51
$
6.30
6.30
MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIANS --------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
121
116
6.93
6.95
MAINTENANCE MACHINISTS ------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
105
105
6 .8 1
6 .8 1
MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
399
335
6.39
6 .3 1
MAINTENANCE MECHANICS
(MOTOR VEHICLES) -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------
127
29
98
68
7.29
6.89
7.39
7 • A9
MAINTENANCE PIP EFITTERS ----------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
60
60
6.78
6.78
MAINTENANCE TRADES HELPERS ----------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------
38
31
A . 07
9.30
MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS (TOOLROOM) MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------
79
79
5.63
5.63
TOOL AND DIE MAKERS ---------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------
117
117
6.09
6.09
STATIONARY ENGINEERS -------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------
30
29
6.77
6.78
BOILER TENDERS --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------
81
79
5.69
5.70
509
130
379
6.13
5 .6 5
6.30
TRUCK ----------
130
6.87
TRUCKDRIVERS, MEDIUM TRUCK -------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------
187
80
107
9 .9 1
5 .7 1
9 .3 1
SH IPPING
50
5.10
JANITORS,
192
136
7.92
7.99
MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL
OCCUPATIONS - MEN
TRUCKDRIVERS ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------TRUCKDRIVERS,
TRUCKDRIVERS,
LIGHT
HEAVY TRUCK ----------
NONMANUFACTURING
Average
(m e a n * )
hourly
earnings4
lib
77
39
MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUFACTURING
9.95
9.86
5.12
5 .1 1
9.69
5 .9 6
MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUFACTURING
9b
77
9.57
9.76
WAREHOUSEMEN -------------MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUFACTURING
258
170
9.86
3 .6 9
5 .9 6
ORDER FI LLE RS -----------MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUFACTURING
357
99
308
9.79
9.93
9 .8 5
SHIP PI NG PACKERS
MANUFACTURING
162
117
9 .9 9
9.96
MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS
MANUFACTURING ---------------------
695
999
5 .2 6
9.63
FORKLIFT OPERATORS MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUFACTURING
333
231
102
5.88
5 .9 9
6.78
GUARDS --------------------------MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUF ACTURING
293
92
151
3 .6 9
9.98
3 .1 3
GUARDS, CLASS B - MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUFACTURING
211
70
191
3.95
9 .2 9
3.06
919
233
181
9.00
9 .2 5
3 .6 8
SHIPPERS AND RECEIVERS
MANUFACTURING ------------
JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS ----MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------
88
MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL
OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN
See footnotes at end of tab le s.
9
PACKERS -----------------------------------PORTERS,
AND CLEANERS —
3 .5 9
3 .9 9
Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for employment shifts.
for selected occupational groups in Worcester, Mass., for selected periods
Industry and occupational grou p 5
M a y 1972
to
M a y 1973
M a y 1973
to
M a y 1974
M a y 1974
to
M a y 1975
M a y 1975 to A p r i l 1976
11-month
inc r e a s e
Annual rate
of in cr ea se
A p r i l 1976
to
A p r i l 1977
A p r i l 1977
to
A p r i l 1978
A l l in dustries:
Office c l e r i c a l ____________________________________________
E le c tro n ic data p r o c e s s i n g ___________________________
In d us tr ial n u r s e s __________________________________________
Skilled maintenance tr a d e s ___________________________
U nsk il le d plant w o r k e r s . ______________________________
6.1
(6)
4.5
5.0
8.0
7.0
(6 )
8.3
8.2
5.9
8.4
9.3
10.3
9.2
5.5
7.6
5.6
9.6
6.2
8.1
8.3
6.1
10.5
6.8
8.9
6.8
5.9
6.1
7.9
6.9
7.2
11.0
6.9
9.0
8.8
Ma nufacturing:
Office c l e r i c a l ______________________________
_ ____ „
E le c tro n ic data p r o c e s s in g ___________________________
Ind ust ria l n u r s e s ____________________________ _________
Skilled ma intenance tr a d e s _____________________________
U nsk il le d plant w o r k e r s ____ __________________________
6.3
(6 )
4.1
5.0
8.5
(6 )
(6 )
8.5
8.3
5.2
10.6
(6 )
(6 )
9.3
4.7
7.8
(6 )
( 6)
6.0
6.6
8.5
( 6)
( 6)
6.6
7.2
6.5
(6)
(6)
7.8
7.3
6.6
( 6)
( 6)
9.0
6.6
Non manufacturing:
Office c l e r i c a l ___________________________________________
E le c tro n ic data p ro c e s s in g . __________________________
Ind ust ria l n u r s e s __________________________________________
U nsk il le d plant w o r k e r s _________________________________
5.8
(6)
(6 )
(6)
6.9
(6)
( 6)
(6)
(6 )
9.5
( 6)
7.7
7.4
4.5
( 6)
11.2
8.1
4.9
( fc)
12.3
7.1
6.1
(6)
(6)
7.9
12.8
( 6)
( 6)
See footnotes at end of tables.
A r e v i s e d de s c r ip t io n f o r c om pu te r o pe ra to rs is being introduced in this a r e a in
197 8.
The r e v i s e d de s c r ip t io n is not co n s id e r e d equivalent to the prev iou s description.
T h e r e f o r e , the earn ing s of c om pu te r op e ra to rs a r e not used in computing pe rcent i n cre ase s
f o r the ele ct ro ni c data p r o c e s s i n g group.
10
B. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions
Table B-1. Minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
Inexp er ien ce d typists
Manufacturing
•M i n i m u m we e k l y s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r y 7
Other in ex p er ie nc ed c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s 8
No nm anufacturing
B a se d on st an da rd w e e k ly hours 9 of----
All
industries
e stablish m en ts
ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING A SP EC IF IED
MINIMUM -----------------------------------------------------
$ 1 00 .0 0
$10 5• 00
$ 1 1 0 .0 0
*115.00
$ 1 20 .0 0
$ 1 2 5 .0 0
$ 13 0 .0 0
$ 13 5 .0 0
$ 14 0 .0 0
$ 14 5 .0 0
$ 15 0 .0 0
$ 15 5 .0 0
$ 16 0 .0 0
a nd
a nd
a nd
»ND
a nd
AND
AND
AND
ANO
AND
ANO
AND
and
UNDER
UNDER
UNDER
UNDER
UNDER
UNDER
UNDER
UNOER
UNDER
UNOER
UNOER
UNDER
OVER -
$ 1 0 5 .0 0
$ 1 1 0 .0 0
$1 1 5 . 0 0
S1 2 U .0 0
$ 1 2 5 .0 0
$130.00
$ 1 3 5 .0 0
$ 1 4 0 .0 0
$ 1 4 5 .0 0
$1 5 0 . 0 0
$1 5 5 . 0 0
$160.00
■
■
•
40
127
studieo
B a s e d on standa rd we ek ly hours
All
All
schedules
57
XXX
70
XXX
127
21
9
7
12
7
5
3
1
2
1
1
3
4
1
_
1
4
3
-
1
3
All
schedules
Nonmanufacturing
Ma nu facturin g
All
sc hedules
40
A ll
schedules
of—
40
40
37 V2
57
XXX
XXX
70
XXX
XXX
52
24
20
4
28
14
8
1
6
3
”
2
4
3
3
1
-
1
“
”
“
2
~
1
2
2
"
2
i
_
■
4
7
4
3
3
1
2
~
1
1
-
6
3
~
2
2
3
2
1
“
1
37 V2
i
-
1
3
3
-
3
2
-
-
-
•
2
1
-
i
-
5
13
7
3
5
5
5
3
2
1
i
_
_
1
1
~
2
1
1
1
-
2
2
-
1
_
1
1
_
-
-
”
5
2
i
1
i
ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING NO SPEC IF IED
MINIMUM ----------------------------------------------------------
23
17
XXX
6
XXX
29
20
XXX
XXX
9
XXX
XXX
ESTABLISHMENTS WHICH DID NOT EMPLOY
WORKERS IN THIS CATEGORY --------------------
83
31
XXX
52
XXX
46
13
XXX
XXX
33
XXX
XXX
See footnotes at end of tab le s.
11
Table B-2. Late-shift pay provisions for full-time manufacturing production
and related workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
j[A ^U _full-U m ^m a^iufactujrm £ljD r o d u c t io r ^ jin d _ j-^ la t e d ^ o r k e r s = i
W o r k e r s on late shifts
A l l w o r k e r s 10
Second shift
T h i r d shift
Second shift
T h i r d shift
SHIFT PROVISIONS
8 7. 6
73.7
16 .0
5.5
WITH NO PAY DIFFERENTIAL FOR LATE SHIFT WORK
WITH PAY DIFFERENTIAL FOR LATE SHIFT WORK —
UNIFORM CENTS-PER-HOUR DIFFERENTIAL -----------UNIFORM PERCENTAGE DIFFERENTIAL ---------------------OTHER DIFFERENTIAL --------------------------------------------------
3.9
8 3. 7
A3 .2
3A.1
6 .4
.5
7 3. 2
37.3
33.6
2 .3
.9
15.1
8 .0
5 .8
1.4
.1
5 .A
2 .8
2 .2
.4
17 .A
9 .1
22.9
1 1 .9
1 7. 8
8 .9
PERCENT OF WORKERS
IN
ESTABLISHMENTS
WITH LATE
AVERAGE PAY DIFFERENTIAL
UNIFORM CENTS-PER-HOUR DIFFERENTIAL ----------------UNIFORM PERCENTAGE DIFFERENTIAL --------------------------
1 9. 1
1 0. 9
PERCENT OF WORKERS BY TYPE AND
AMOUNT OF PAY DIFFERENTIAL
UNIFORM c e n t s - p e r - h o u r :
A CENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------5 CENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------7 CENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------8 CENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------10 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------------------12 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------------------15 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------------------20 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------------------23 CENTS ----------------------------------------------------------------25 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------------------30 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------------------35 CENTS ----------------------------------------------------------------38 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------------------50 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------------------51 CENTS -----------------------------------------------------------------UNIFORM p e r c e n t a g e :
A PERCENT ---------------------------------------------------------------5 PERCENT -------------------------------------------------------------7 PERCENT ---------------------------------------------------------------8 PERCENT ---------------------------------------------------------------10 PERCENT -------------------------------------------------------------15 PERCENT --------------------------------------------------------------
3.9
1 .9
~
2 .6
7 .6
6.5
5 .5
2 .7
6.2
3 .6
1 .5
i.i
“
1 .7
5 .2
1 .2
.7
2 3. 3
2 .1
2. 3
2.2
3.9
A .9
2.6
1.3
2.6
6 .A
5 .A
2.3
2.7
2.1
1.1
_
1.0
.3
.4
1.5
1.2
.9
.5
.2
1.1
.7
.3
“
.2
.4
.4
.2
.2
.4
,i
.6
.1
.1
.1
_
1.7
18.5
13.5
.4
1.1
.2
•1
3.5
.5
.2
1 .6
.5
2 .3
.4
.4
-
d if fe r e n t ia l:
other
FULL
D A Y 'S
PAY FOR REOUCEO HOURS----------------------
See footnote at end of tables.
12
Table B-3. Scheduled weekly hours and days of full-time first-shift workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
P ro du c ti on and re la t e d w o r k e r s
O ffi ce w o r k e r s
Item
A l l industries
M anu facturin g
P u b li c utilities
Nonma nu fac tu rin g
A l l industries
Ma nuf act ur ing
No nmanufacturing
Pu bl ic utilities
100
100
100
100
PERCENT OF WORKERS BY SCHEDULED
WEEKLY HOURS AND DAYS
WORKERS ------------------
100
HOURS-5 DAYS ------------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS -------------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ------------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ------------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS -------------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ------------------------------------1/4 HOURS-5 DAYS ---------------------------1/3 HOURS-5 DAYS ----------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ------------------------------------1/2 HOURS-5 DAYS ----------------------------HOURS ----------------------------------------------------4 DAYS --------------------------------------------------5 DAYS --------------------------------------------------3/4 HOURS-5 DAYS ----------------------------3/4 HOURS-5 DAYS ---------------------------HOURS-5 OAYS ------------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ------------------------------------1/2 HOURS-5 1/2 DAYS -------------------HOURS ----------------------------------------------------5 DAYS -------------------------------------------------5 1/2 DAYS ----------------------------------------HOURS ---------------------------------------------------5 DAYS -------------------------------------------------5 1/2 DAYS ----------------------------------------HOURS-6 DAYS ------------------------------------1/2 HOURS-5 1/2 OAYS ------------------HOURS-5 1/2 DAYS ----------------------------
412)
4 12)
412)
412)
2
ALL FULL-T IME
24
27
32
33
35
36
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
40
42
42
44
45
46
49
55
130
_
-
100
1
1
1
1
_
-
~
~
~
~
“
3
2
ii
2
1
1
13
2
2
~
2
-
-
~
1
70
412)
1
3
412)
3
8
6
2
412)
1
1
70
-
4
-
4
11
~
~
~
_
_
_
_
-
8
_
-
“
“
~
-
100
-
_
1
1
12
3
1
39
412)
-
-
412)
30
1
1
20
5
2
45
1
-
89
-
-
-
-
~
1
7
-
-
-
_
39
-
412)
4
3
70
1
3
1
1
1
-
_
_
_
-
68
19
11
-
~
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
100
-
-
~
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
~
4 12)
4 12)
-
_
-
-
-
_
_
8
-
412)
412)
3
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
_
_
1
-
-
-
-
-
_
3
“
AVERAGE SCHEDULED
WEEKLY HOURS
ALL WEEKLY
UORK SCHEDULES ---------------
40.2
4 0*4
40.0
39.7
See footnote at end of ta bles.
13
3 8. 3
39.2
3 7 .7
3 7.8
Table B-4. Annual paid holidays for full-time workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
P ro du c ti on and re la t e d w o r k e r s
Item
A l l industries
M anuf actur ing
Non manufacturing
P u b li c utilities
A ll industries
100
100
100
100
M an uf act uri ng
No nm an hf actur ing
P u b l i c utilities
PERCENT OF WORKERS
100
100
WORKERS -----------------
IDO
IN ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIDING
PAID HOLIDAYS ------------------------------------IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING
PAID HOLIDAYS -------------------------------------
2
-
10
-
< 12 >
( 12 )
-
96
100
90
100
99
100
99
100
9.3
9 .9
8 .9
1 0 .9
10.0
9.8
10.2
1 0.6
1
(12 )
2
5
~
~
2
5
~
2
(121
2
6
~
ALL FULL-TIME
AVERAGE
NUMBER OF PAID
100
_
HOLIDAYS
FOR WORKERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS
PROVIDING HOLIDAYS -------------------------PERCENT OF WORKERS BY NUHBER
OF PAID HOLIOAYS PROVIDED
1
2
5
6
HOLIDAY ------------------------------------------------HOLIDAYS ----------------------------------------------HOLIDAYS ----------------------------------------------HOLIDAYS ----------------------------------------------PLUS 2 HALF DAYS --------------------------PLUS 4 HALF D A Y S --------------------------7 HOLIDAYS ----------------------------------------------PLUS 1 HALF DAY ----------------------------8 HOLIDAYS ----------------------------------------------PLUS 2 HALF DAYS --------------------------9 HOLIDAYS ----------------------------------------------PLUS 1 HALF DAY ----------------------------10 HOLIDAYS --------------------------------------------PLUS 1 HALF DAY -----------------------------11 HOLIDAYS --------------------------------------------12 HOLIDAYS --------------------------------------------PLUS 2 HALF DAYS --------------------------13 HOLIDAYS ---------------------------------------------
2
<121
13
1
21
1
34
2
11
4
_
“
”
”
2
-
8
1
23
1
90
3
8
1
*
“
1
98
97
95
90
88
75
53
52
18
15
4
1
100
100
98
93
91
83
58
56
16
13
4
i
”
1
25
~
15
18
15
28
20
4
35
19
(12)
_
(12 )
(12)
1
(12)
(12)
1
1
1
(1 2 )
1
(1 2 )
(1 2 )
( 12 )
_
_
2
_
5
(12)
7
1
62
3
6
ii
i
(12)
5
( 12 )
13
2
61
8
4
2
99
99
99
98
97
92
84
83
21
18
12
1
_
4
_
62
6
_
_
_
1
_
_
50
_
-
8
17
2
39
10
1
~
“
100
100
99
98
96
91
78
76
15
7
3
1
99
99
99
98
98
92
88
88
26
26
18
2
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
99
A9
49
10
-
PERCENT OF WORKERS BY TOTAL
PAID HOLIDAY TIME PROVIDED1
3
1 0 AY OR MOKE
5 DAYS OR MORE
6 DAYS OR MORE
7 DAYS OR MORE
8 DAYS OR MORE
9 DAYS OR MORE
9 1/2 DAY S OR .
10 DAYS OR MORE -----10 1/2 DAYS OR MORE
11 DAYS OR MORE -----12 DAYS OR MORE -----13 DAYS ------------------------
100
100
100
100
100
82
82
82
59
59
19
90
88
86
79
78
53
38
38
23
23
4
See footnotes at end of tables.
14
Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
Pr od u ct io n and r el at ed w o r k e r s
Ite m
A l l industries
PERCENT
Ma nufacturing
Nonm an uf ac tu ri ng
P u b li c utilities
A l l industries
Man ufa ctu ri ng
Nonman ufac tu ring
130
100
100
IOQ
100
100
OF WORKERS
WORKERS ---------------
100
ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIDING
PAID VACATIONS -------------------------------IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING
PAID VACATIONS -------------------------------LENGTH-OF-TIME PAYMENT -----------PERCENTAGE PAYMENT ---------------------
1
_
2
99
90
9
100
88
12
98
97
1
MONTHS OF SERVICE:
UNDER 1 WEEK -----------------------------1 W E E K -------------- ---------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS —
2 WEEKS -----------------------------------------
20
31
1
2
26
33
(12 >
~
3
23
5
7
1 YEAR OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK ------------------------------------------2 WEEKS ----------------------------------------OVER 2 ANO UNDER 3 WEEKS —
4 WEEKS -----------------------------------------
64
35
(12)
~
66
34
~
58
39
1
2 YEARS OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK ------------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS —
2 WEEKS ---------------------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS —
4 WEEKS ----------------------------------------
40
5
54
(12)
~
45
7
48
3 YEARS OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK ------------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS —
2 WEEKS ---------------------------------------OVER 2 ANO UNDER 3 WEEKS - 4 WEEKS ----------------------------------------
11
9
79
( 12 )
10
12
78
4 YEARS OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK ------------------------------------------OVER I AND UNOER 2 WEEKS —
2 WEEKS ---------------------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS —
4 WEEKS ----------------------------------------
11
9
79
(121
ALL FUL L-T IME
IN
AMOUNT OF PAID
6
P u bl ic utilities
VACATION
_
-
100
100
...
_
_
100
.
100
98
2
100
94
6
100
100
100
100
4
52
12
9
9
56
(1 2 )
3
1
49
20
13
51
12
87
(12)
(12>
17
83
9
90
(1 2 )
~
A FTE R :1
4
‘
_
18
39
12
88
-
27
~
70
1
-
13
3
80
1
-
100
“
5 YEARS OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK -----------------------------------------OVER 1 AND UNOER 2 WEEKS - 2 WEEKS ---------------------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS —
3 WEEKS ---------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS —
4 WEEKS ----------------------------------------
3
1
83
2
10
(12)
~
1
2
90
3
4
10 YEARS OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK -----------------------------------------2 WEEKS ---------------------------------------ov er 2 and u nd er 3 w e ek s —
3 WEEKS ---------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS —
4 WEEKS ----------------------------------------
3
16
3
73
(12 )
4
i
19
4
76
-
~
_
“
-
13
3
80
1
100
“
-
8
-
58
61
“
42
28
1
'
_
8
7
(12 (
-
99
67
1
15
-
S e e fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le s .
15
5
6
5
-
100
'
10
12
78
(1 2 )
-
-
94
(12)
(12)
93
95
( 12 )
(1 2 )
3
(1 2 )
97
2
1
97
(12)
(12)
3
( 12 )
97
-
74
2
24
(12)
(12)
(12)
9
(12)
85
(12)
5
1
99
-
_
-
100
“
2
1
97
(12)
(12)
(12)
1
-
-
(1 2 )
-
(1 2 )
1
-
1
1
98
(1 2 )
“
100
1
1
98
(1 2 )
“
100
(1 2 )
-
88
3
8
(1 2 )
1
5
(1 2 )
91
~
3
-
65
( 12 )
34
( 12 )
“
(12 >
12
81
( 12 )
7
-
_
-
_
53
-
47
-
_
-
100
“
Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978— Continued
O ff ic e w o r k e r s
P r o du c t io n and re la t e d w o r k e r s
It em
A l l in dustries
AMOUNT OF P A10 VACATION
CONTINUEO
M a n uf ac tu ri ng
Nonma nu fac tu rin g
P u b li c utilities
Man uf ac tu ri ng
3
12
5
70
3
6
(1 2 )
1
13
7
72
4
2
~
8
7
65
15 YEARS OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK -------------------------------------------2 WEEKS -----------------------------------------3 WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS —
A WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER A AND UNDER 5 WEEKS —
3
6
61
3
27
(12)
1
5
7A
8
6
23
~
60
1
20 YEARS OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK -------------------------------------------2 WEEKS -----------------------------------------3 WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS —
A WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER A AND UNDER 5 WEEKS —
5 WEEKS ------------------------------------------
3
6
20
3
65
(12)
3
1
5
22
4
67
YEARS OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK -------------------------------------------2 WEEKS -----------------------------------------3 WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNOER A WEEKS
A WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER A AND UNOER 5 WEEKS
5 WEEKS ------------------------------------------
3
6
17
1
94
3
25
1
5
18
i
A7
3
2A
8
6
15
30 YEARS OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK -------------------------------------------2 WEEKS -----------------------------------------3 WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS
A WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER A AND UNOER 5 WEEKS
5 WEEKS ------------------------------------------
3
6
17
1
35
1
36
1
5
18
1
34
AO
8
6
15
3
6
17
1
33
1
3A
4
1
5
18
1
31
MAXIMUM VACATION AVAILABLE:
1 WEEK -------------------------------------------2 WEEKS -----------------------------------------3 WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS —
A WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER A AND UNDER 5 WEEKS —
5 WEEKS -----------------------------------------6 WEEKS -----------------------------------------7 WEEKS ------------------------------------------
4
15
~
-
1
~
37
6
(12 )
89
10
~
17
1
_
(12 )
12
88
“
_
8
6
15
(12)
-
~
-
58
1
10
58
-
A2
_
(1 2 )
~
~
-
38
4
27
12
-
88
_
( 12 )
-
38
4
27
12
88
_
8
6
15
( 12 >
~
38
4
27
~
12
“
88
(12)
8
(12)
79
2
9
(12)
1
A
(1 2 )
85
5
5
“
P u b l i c utilities
13
(1 2 )
(12)
1
60
2
36
(12)
1
1
72
6
21
~
(12)
1
52
(1 2 )
A6
(1 2 )
(12)
1
10
(12)
80
(12)
8
1
1
15
1
82
(1 2 )
1
7
-
(1 2 )
S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s .
16
(1 2 )
12
-
~
75
99
-
1
_
-
1
99
“
_
-
~
78
(1 2 )
1A
(12)
1
9
(12)
39
2
A8
1
1
11
1
A2
5
39
(12)
1
9
(12)
32
(12)
57
1
1
11
1
23
(1 2 )
1
7
-
53
-
A7
_
(1 2 )
1
7
(12)
1
9
(12)
32
(12)
55
3
(12)
-
63
1
1
11
1
23
-
57
6
~
-
-
38
1
53
-
-
38
(1 2 )
5A
( 12 )
1
7
-
38
(1 2 )
53
1
99
_
_
1
-
99
_
_
_
1
_
99
-
(1 2 )
"
No nm anu fac tur ing
AFTER14-
12 YEARS OF SERVICE:
1 WEEK -------------------------------------------2 WEEKS -----------------------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS —
3 WEEKS ----------------------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS —
A WEEKS ----------------------------------------OVER A AND UNOER 5 WEEKS —
25
A l l industries
Table B-6. Health, insurance, and pension plans for full-time workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
O ffi ce w o r k e r s
P ro du ct io n and r e la t e d w o r k e r s
It em
A l l industries
PERCENT
M anu facturin g
P u b li c utilities
Non manufacturing
A l l industries
Ma nuf act ur ing
No nmanufacturing
Pu bl ic utilities
OF WORKERS
WORKERS -------------
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING AT
LEAST ONE OF THE BENEFITS
SHOWN BELOW15--------------------------------------
97
99
90
100
99
99
99
100
L I F E INSURANCE -----------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ---------------
92
73
95
81
83
49
100
100
97
64
96
78
97
59
100
100
ACCIDENTAL DEATH AND
DISMEMBERMENT INSURANCE ------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ---------------
80
63
83
68
79
97
99
99
89
58
89
71
89
50
100
100
SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE
OR SICK LEAVE OR BOTH1 --------------6
91
93
86
99
96
96
96
100
78
69
87
75
55
33
38
38
69
91
83
71
59
21
49
12
38
31
59
99
86
77
91
100
3
-
11
-
2
-
3
-
LONG-TERM D I S A B I L I T Y
INSURANCE -------------------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ---------------
29
20
27
22
16
13
51
51
63
51
63
50
63
52
52
52
H O S PI TA LI ZA TI O N INSURANCE ---------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ---------------
96
59
99
65
88
90
100
82
99
49
99
71
99
33
100
99
SURGICAL INSURANCE -------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY P L *N S --------------
96
59
99
65
88
90
100
82
99
49
99
71
99
33
100
99
MEDICAL INSURANCE ---------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ---------------
96
59
99
65
86
90
100
82
99
99
99
71
99
33
100
99
MAJOR MEDICAL INSURANCE --------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ---------------
93
55
94
61
88
90
100
82
99
98
98
70
99
33
100
99
DENTAL INSURANCE ------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ---------------
14
13
10
9
26
29
51
51
27
10
13
11
37
10
52
52
RETIREMENT PENSION --------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ---------------
75
69
77
72
67
61
99
82
91
89
88
78
99
88
100
99
ALL FULL-T IME
SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT
INSURANCE ---------------------------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ----------SICK LEAVE (F U L L PAY AND NO
WAITING PERIOD ) -------------------------SICK LEAVE (PA RT IA L PAY OR
WAITING PER IO O) --------------------------
See footnotes at end of tab le s.
17
Table B-7. Life insurance plans for full-time workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978
P ro du c ti on and r el at ed w o r k e r s
A l l industries
Office w o r k e r s
Ma nufacturing
Manufa ctu rin g
A l l industries
Item
A ll
plans 1
7
No n contribu tory
plans 1
7
A ll
plans 1
7
Noncontributory
plans 1
7
All
plans 1
7
None ontrib ut or y
plans 1
7
A ll
plans 1
7
No nco ntr ibu to ry
plans 1
7
TYPE OF PL «N AND AMOUNT
OF INSURANCE
ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS ARE PROVIDED THE SAME
FLAT-SUM DOLLAR AMOUNT!
PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS18 ---------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE PROVID ED !1
9
M E A N ------------------------------------------------------m e d i a n -------------------------------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (5 0 PERCENT) -------MIDDLE RANGE (8 0 PERCENT) --------
AMOUNT OF INSURANCE I S BASED ON A SCHEDULE
WHICH INDICATES A SPE CIFIED DOLLAR AMOUNT OF
INSURANCE FOR A SPECIFIED LENGTH OF SERVICE!
PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS18 ----------------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE PROVIDED1 AFTER!
9
6 MONTHS OF SERVICE!
M E A N ------------------------------------------------------------MEDIAN --------------------------------------------------------MIDDLE RANGE ( 5 0 PERCENT) --------------MIDDLE RANGE ( 8 0 PERCENT) --------------1 YEAR OF SERVICE!
M E A N ------------------------------------------------------------MEDIAN --------------------------------------------------------MIDDLE RANGE ( 5 0 PERCENT) --------------MIDDLE RANGE (8 0 PERCENT) -------------5 YEARS OF SERVICE!
M E A N -----------------------------------------------------------MEDIAN --------------------------------------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (5 0 PERCENT) -------------MIDDLE RANGE (8 0 PERCENT) -------------10 YEARS OF SERVICE!
M E A N ------------------------------------------------------------MEDIAN -------------------------------------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (5 0 PERCENT) -------------MIDDLE RANGE (8 0 PERCENT) -------------20 YEARS OF SERVICE!
M E A N ------------------------------------------------------------MEDIAN --------------------------------------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (5 0 PERCENT) --------------MIODLE RANGE (8 0 PERCENT) ---------------
56
$ 5 ,6 00
$5 ,00 0
$ 2 ,0 0 0 - 8.000
$2,000-10.000
3
48
$ 5 ,7 0 0
$ 5 ,0 0 0
$ 2 ,0 0 0 - 8.000
$1,500-10.000
58
$5 »4 00
$5,000
$ 2 , 0 0 0 - 8 .0 0 0
$ 2 ,0 0 0 - 8.500
4
3
22
$7,000
$5,0 00
$ 5 , 0 0 0 - 8 .0 0 0
$2,000-15.000
1
19
$ 7 ,2 0 0
$ 5 ,0 0 0
$5,000-10,000
$2,000-15.000
32
$ 7, 9 0 0
$ 7. 0 0 0
$5,000-15,000
$2,000-15.000
1
31
$ 8 ,1 0 0
$ 7 ,0 0 0
$5,000-15.000
$2,000-15.000
1
1
$3 ,90 0
$4 ,00 0
$ 4 ,0 0 0 - 5.000
$ 1 , 0 0 0 - 5. 0 0 0
$ 3 ,9 0 0
$ 4 ,0 0 0
$ 4 ,0 0 0 - 5.000
$ 1 , 0 0 0 - 5 ,0 0 0
(6 )
(6 >
(6 )
(6>
(6
(6
(6
(6
»
)
»
)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6 )
(6)
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6»
(6
(6
(6
(6
)
)
)
>
$4 ,20 0
$4,00 0
$ 4 ,0 0 0 - 5.000
$3,0 0 0 - 5,000
$ 4 ,2 0 0
$4,000
$ 4 , 0 0 0 - 5. 0 0 0
$ 3 , 0 0 0 - 5 .0 0 0
(6
(6
(6
(6
)
)
)
)
(6
(6
(6
(6
>
>
)
)
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6
(6
(6
(6
)
)
)
)
(6
(6
(6
(6
)
>
)
)
$8 ,40 0
$7,50 0
$7,000- 7,500
$7,000-15.000
$ 8 ,4 0 0
$ 7 ,5 0 0
$ 7 , 0 0 0 - 7 .5 0 0
$7,000-15.000
(6
(6
(6
(6
>
>
>
)
(6
(6
(6
(6
)
)
)
)
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6)
(6)
(6
(6
(6
(6
)
)
)
)
(6
(6
(6
(6
)
>
>
)
$10 ,6 00
$1 0, 000
$7.500-10,000
$7.500-20.000
$10.60D
$1 0 ,0 0 0
$7,500-10.000
$7,500-20.000
(6
(6
(6
(6
)
)
)
)
(6
(6
(6
(6
»
>
>
»
(6)
(6 >
<6 )
Co)
(6>
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6 )
(6)
(6 )
(6
(6
(6
(6
>
)
>
>
$11 .10 0
$10 ,0 00
$ 7 t 5 0 0 - 10* 000
$7 , 5 0 0 - 2 3 . 3 0 0
$ 1 1 ,1 0 0
$ 1 0 ,0 0 0
S7 * 5 0 0 - 1 0 *000
$ 7 ,5 0 0 -2 3 .3 0 0
(6 )
(6 )
<6 )
<6 >
(6
(6
(6
(6
)
>
>
>
(6 )
(6 )
(6)
<6 )
(6)
(6 )
(6)
<6 >
(6
(6
(6
(6
(6
(6
(6
C6
>
>
)
>
See footnotes at end of ta bles.
55
$ 5 ,5 0 0
$5,000
$ 2 , 0 0 0 - 8 ,0 0 0
$ 1 ,5 0 0 - 8,500
18
)
)
)
)
Table B-7. Life insurance plans for full-time workers in Worcester, Mass., April 1978— Continued
Office w o r k e r s
Pr odu ct io n and related w o r k e r s
A l l industries
Manufacturing
A l l industries
Ma nu facturin g
It e m
A ll
plans 1
7
Noncon tr ibu to ry
plans 1
7
A ll
plans 1
7
Noncon tr ibu to ry
plans 1
7
A ll
plans 1
7
No ncon tributory
plans 1
7
All
plans 1
7
Noncontributory
plans 1
7
TYPE OF PLAN ANO AMOUNT
OF INSURANCE-CONTINUED
AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS BASED ON A SCHEDULE
UHICH INDICATES A SPECIFIED DOLLAR AMOUNT OF
INSURANCE FOR A SPECIFIED AMOUNT OF EARNINGS!
PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS1 ----------8
AMOUNT OF INSURANCE PROVIDED1 IF!
9
a n n u a l e a r n i n g s are *5 .0 0 0 :
ML A N ------------------------------MEDIAN ----------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) ---------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ---------ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE *10.000!
M E A N ------------------------------MEDIAN ----------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (5D PERCENT) ---------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ---------ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE $15t000:
M E A N ------------------------------MEDIAN ----------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) ---------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ---------ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE *20.000!
M E A N ------------------------------MEDIAN ----------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) ---------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ---------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS EXPRESSED AS A FACTOR OF
ANNUAL EARNINGS!2
0
PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS18----------FACTOR OF ANNUAL EARNINGS USED TO CALCULATE
a m o u n t of i n s u r a n c e :1 2
9 0
M E A N ------------------------------MEDIAN ----------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) ---------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ---------PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS C0VERE0 BY
PLANS NOT SPECIFYING A MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF
INSURANCE --------------------------------PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS COVERED BY
PLANS SPECIFYING A MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF
INSURANCE --------------------------------SPECIFIED MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF INSURANCE:1
9
M E A N ------------------------------MEDIAN ----------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) ---------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ---------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS BASED ON SOME OTHER TYPE
OF p l a n :
PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS1 -------8
8
5
14
12
19
13
*6.400
*6 . 0 0 0
* 5 . 0 0 0 - 8 .0 D 0
* 2 .0 0 0 - 8.000
*5.500
*6.000
* 5 . 0 0 0 - 6 .0 0 0
* 2 . 0 0 0 - 8 .0 0 0
*6.400
*6.000
* 6 . 0 0 0 - 8 .0 0 0
* 2 . 0 0 0 - 8*0 00
*5.300
*6.000
* 2 . 0 0 0 - 6.000
5 2? 000—10*000
*6.400
*6.000
* 5 . 0 0 0 - 8 .0 0 0
55*000-10*000
*6.000
*5.000
* 5 . 0 0 0 - 6.000
*5.000-10.000
*7.000
*8,000
* 6 , 0 0 0 - 8 .0 0 0
*2,00 0 -1 0 ,0 0 0
*6.500
*6 ♦ 00 0
*6.00 0 -1 0 ,0 0 0
*2.00 0 -1 0 ,0 0 0
* 10•400
* 1 0 .0 0 0
*10.000-12.000
*3.000-15.000
*9.200
*10.000
*10.000-10.000
*3.000-15.000
*9.500
*10.000
*10.000-12.000
*3.030-12.000
*7.900
*10.000
*3 .0 0 0-10.000
*3.000-10.000
*11,300
*io,DOO
*10,000-10,000
*10,000-12.000
*11.000
*10.000
*10.000-10,000
*10,000-10,000
*10.700
*10.000
*10.000-12.000
*3.00 0 -1 2 .0 0 0
*10,100
*10,000
*1 0 ,0 0 0 -1 0 .0 0 0
*3.00 0 -1 0 ,0 0 0
*15.500
*1 5 . 0 0 0
*1 4 .0 0 0 -1 7 .0 0 0
*1 0 .0 0 0 -2 2 .0 3 0
514 « 40C
*14.000
*14.000-15.000
*10.000-22.000
*14.500
*14.000
*14.000-17.000
*10.000-17.000
*12.900
514*000
*10.000-14.000
*10.000-15.000
*17,200
*15.000
*15.000-17.000
*14.000-25.000
*17.100
*15,000
*14.000-15,000
*14.000-25.000
*15,400
*15.000
*1 4 .0 0 0 -1 7 .0 0 0
*1 0 ,0 0 0 -1 7 .0 0 0
514*800
$14*000
*1 4 .0 0 0 -1 5 ,0 0 0
*1 0 ,0 0 0 -1 5 ,0 0 0
*19.400
120.000
*1 4 .0 0 0 -2 2 .0 0 0
*12.000-30.000
*17.600
514 t 000
*14.000-20.000
*12.000-30.000
*17.500
*14.000
*14.000-22.000
*12.000-22.000
*14,600
*14.000
*12.000-14,000
*12.000-25.000
*21.300
*20,000
*20.000-22.000
*14.000-25.000
*20.800
*20.000
*14.000-20.000
*14.000-25.000
*19.300
* 2 0 .0 0 0
*1 4 .0 0 0 -2 2 .0 0 0
*1 2 ,0 0 0 -2 5 .0 0 0
* 1 8 . ZOO
* 1 4 ,0 0 0
*1 4 .0 0 0 -2 0 .0 0 0
*12.000-25,000
23
1.25
1.00
1.00-1.50
1.00-2.00
18
16
1 .2 1
1 .0 0
1 .00-1.50
1.0 0 -2 .0 0
12
5
* 1 87 .6 0 0
*5 0 . 0 0 0
*50.000-300.000
*50.000-600.000
1
26
1.17
1 .0 0
1.00-1.00
1 .00-2.00
20
5
18
1. 12
1 .0 0
1.0 0 -1 .0 0
1.0 0 -1 .5 0
12
6
6
*179.700
*50.000
* 5 0 . 0 0 0 - 6 0 .0 00
*50.000-600.000
*185.500
*50.000
* 5 0 . 0 0 0 - 50.000
*50.000-600.000
*185.500
*50.000
* 5 0 ,0 0 0 - 50.000
*50.000-600,000
-
-
-
S e e fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le s .
4
7
19
56
1 .8 0
2 .0 0
1.0 0 -2 .0 0
1 .00-2.00
32
1 .7 9
2 .0 0
1 .00-2.00
1 .00-3.00
39
16
17
45
1.15
1.00
1.00-1.00
1.00-2.00
16
*192.000
* 1 9 3 .6 0 0
*200,000
*200.000
*1 0 0 .0 0 0 -2 0 0 .0 0 0 1100.000-200,000
*65,000-300.000
*65.000-300,000
4
-
37
33
1.15
(6 >
(6 )
(6 >
25
8
8
*227,200
*65.000
*50.000-600,000
*32.500-600.000
*227.200
*65.000
* 5 0 , 0 0 0 - 6 0 0 , 000
*32.500-600.000
-
-
Footnotes
Som e o f th es e stan dard foo tn o tes m ay not ap p ly to th is b u lle tin .
1 Includes paym ents o th e r than "le n g th o f t i m e , " such as p e rc e n ta g e
4
o f annual earn in gs o r fla t-s u m p a y m e n ts, c o n v e r te d to an e q u iv a le n t tim e
b a s is ; fo r ex a m p le , 2 p e rc e n t o f annual e a rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's
pay. P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e a re chosen a r b i t r a r i l y and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t
in d iv id u a l p ro v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n ; f o r e x a m p le , changes in p ro p o rtio n s
at 10 y e a r s include changes b etw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s tim a te s a re cu m u la
tiv e . T h u s , the p ro p o rtio n e lig ib le f o r at le a s t 3 w e e k s ' pay a ft e r 10 y e a r s
in clu d es those e lig ib le fo r at le a s t 3 w e e k s ' p ay a fte r fe w e r y e a r s o f s e r v ic e .
1 E s tim a te s lis te d a fte r ty p e o f b e n e fit a re fo r a ll plans fo r w h ich
5
at le a s t a part o f the cost is b o rn e b y th e e m p lo y e r .
"N o n c o n tr ib u to ry
p la n s " include on ly th ose fin an ced e n t ir e ly b y the e m p lo y e r . E x c lu d e d a re
le g a lly r e q u ire d p la n s , such as w o r k e r s ' d is a b ility co m p en s a tio n , s o c ia l s e
c u r ity , and r a ilr o a d r e tire m e n t.
1 U ndu plicated to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e ss and
6
accid en t in su ran ce shown s e p a ra te ly b e lo w . S ic k le a v e plans a re lim ite d to
th ose w h ich d e fin ite ly e s ta b lis h at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b er o f d a y s ' pay
that each em p lo ye e can ex p e c t. In fo r m a l s ic k le a v e a llo w a n c e s d e te rm in e d
on an in d ivid u al b a s is a re exclu d ed .
17 E s tim a te s under " A l l p la n s " r e la te to a ll plans fo r w h ich at le a s t
a p a rt o f the cost is born e by the e m p lo y e r . E s tim a te s under "N o n c o n tr ib
u to ry p la n s " include on ly th ose fin an ced e n t ir e ly by the e m p lo y e r .
1 F o r " A l l in d u s t r ie s ," a ll fu ll- t im e p ro d u c tio n and r e la te d w o r k e r s
8
o r o ffic e w o rk e rs equal 100 p e rc e n t.
F o r " M a n u fa c tu r in g ," a ll fu ll- t im e
p ro d u ction and r e la te d w o rk e rs o r o ffic e w o r k e r s in m an u factu rin g equ al 100
pe rce n t.
1 The m ean amount is com puted by m u ltip ly in g the n u m b er o f w o rk e rs
9
p ro v id e d insurance by the amount o f in s u ra n ce p ro v id e d , to ta lin g the p r o d
u cts, and d ividin g the sum by the n u m b er o f w o r k e r s . T h e m ed ia n in d ic a te s
that h a lf o f the w o rk e rs a re p r o v id e d an am ount equ al to o r s m a lle r and h a lf
an amount equal to o r la r g e r than the amount shown. M id d le ran ge (50 p e r
cent)— a fou rth o f the w o r k e r s a re p ro v id e d an amount equ al to o r le s s than
the s m a lle r amount and a fou rth a re p r o v id e d an amount eq u a l to o r m o r e
than the la r g e r amount. M id d le ran ge (80 p e r c e n t)— 10 p e rc e n t o f the w o r k
e r s a re p ro v id e d an amount equal to o r le s s than the s m a lle r amount and 10
p e rc e n t a re p ro v id e d an amount eq u a l to o r m o r e than the l a r g e r am ount.
20 A fa c to r o f annual ea rn in g s is the n u m b er by w h ich annual e a rn in g s
a re m u ltip lie d to d e te rm in e the am ount o f in s u ra n ce p ro v id e d . F o r e x a m p le ,
a fa c to r o f 2 in d ica tes that fo r annual e a rn in g s o f $ 10, 000 the am ount o f
in su ran ce p ro v id e d is $ 20,000.
1 Standard hours r e f le c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e
th e ir r e g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay f o r o v e r tim e at r e g
u lar and/or p re m iu m r a t e s ), and the e a rn in g s c o r re s p o n d to th es e w e e k ly
h ou rs.
2 T h e m ea n is com puted f o r each jo b by to ta lin g the e a rn in g s o f
a ll w o r k e r s and d iv id in g by the nu m b er o f w o r k e r s .
Th e m ed ian d e s ig
nates p o s itio n — h a lf o f the w o r k e r s r e c e iv e the sam e o r m o r e and h a lf r e
c e iv e the sam e o r le s s than the ra te shown. Th e m id d le range is d efin ed
by tw o ra te s o f pay; a fou rth o f the w o r k e r s e a rn the sam e o r le s s than
the lo w e r o f th es e ra te s and a fou rth e a rn the sam e o r m o r e than the
h ig h e r rate.
3 E a rn in g s data r e la te on ly to w o r k e r s w h ose s e x id e n tific a tio n was
p ro v id e d by the e s ta b lis h m en t.
4 E x c lu d e s p re m iu m pay f o r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s,
h o lid a y s , and la te sh ifts.
5 E s tim a te s f o r p e rio d s ending p r io r to 1976 r e la te to m en on ly fo r
s k ille d m ain ten an ce and u n sk ille d plant w o r k e r s .
A l l o th e r e s tim a te s r e
late to m en and w om en.
6 D ata do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r ia o r data not a v a ila b le .
7 F o r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d m in im u m r e g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e h irin g s a l
a r ie s that a r e p aid fo r stan dard w o rk w e e k s .
8 E xc lu d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c le r ic a l jo b s such as m e s s e n g e r .
9 D ata a re p re s e n te d fo r a ll stan dard w o rk w e e k s com b in ed , and fo r
the m o s t com m on stan dard w o rk w e e k s r e p o rte d .
1 In clu d es a ll p ro d u ction and r e la te d w o r k e r s in es ta b lis h m en ts
0
c u r re n tly o p e ra tin g la te s h ifts , and e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ose fo r m a l p ro v is io n s
c o v e r la te s h ifts , e v en though the e s ta b lis h m en ts w e r e not c u rre n tly
o p e ra tin g la te sh ifts.
1 L e s s than 0.05 p e rc e n t.
1
1 L e s s than 0.5 p e rc e n t.
2
1 A l l com b in atio n s o f fu ll and h a lf days that add to the sam e am ount;
3
fo r e x a m p le , the p ro p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s
r e c e iv in g a to ta l o f 10 days
inclu d es th ose w ith 10 fu ll days and no h a lf d a y s, 9 fu ll days and 2
h a lf d ays, 8 fu ll days and 4 h a lf d a y s, and so on.
P r o p o r tio n s then
w e r e cum ulated.
20
Appendix A.
Scope and Method
of Survey
In e a c h o f th e 75 1 a re a s c u rre n tly s u rv e y e d , the B u reau obtains
w a g e s and r e la te d b e n e fits data fr o m r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in
s ix b ro a d in d u s try d iv is io n s : M an u fa ctu rin g; tra n s p o rta tio n , com m u n ica tio n ,
and o th e r p u b lic u tilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e t a il tra d e ; fin a n c e , in s u ra n ce ,
and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v ic e s . G overn m en t op eration s and the con stru ctio n
and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s tr ie s a re exclu d ed . E stab lish m en ts havin g fe w e r than a
p r e s c r ib e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a re also exclu d ed b eca u se o f in s u ffic ie n t
e m p lo y m e n t in the o ccu p atio n s studied. Ap p end ix table 1 shows the nu m b er
o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s e s tim a te d to be w ith in the s cop e o f th is
s u r v e y , as w e ll as the n u m b er a c tu a lly studied.
B u re a u f i e l d r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s obtain data by p e rs o n a l v is it s at 3 - y e a r
in t e r v a ls . In e a c h o f the tw o in te r v e n in g y e a r s , in fo rm a tio n on e m p lo ym e n t
and o c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s on ly is c o lle c te d by a com b in ation o f p e r s o n a l
v is i t , m a il q u e s tio n n a ire , and telep h on e in t e r v ie w f r o m e s ta b lis h m en ts
p a r tic ip a tin g in the p re v io u s s u r v e y .
A s a m p le o f the es ta b lis h m en ts in the scope o f the s u r v e y is
s e le c te d f o r study p r i o r to ea c h p e rs o n a l v is it su rve y .
T h is s a m p le , le s s
e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich go out o f b u sin ess o r a re no lo n g e r w ith in the in d u s tr ia l
s cop e o f the s u r v e y , is re ta in e d f o r the fo llo w in g two annual s u r v e y s .
In
m o s t c a s e s , e s ta b lis h m e n ts n ew to the a r e a a re not c o n s id e re d in the scop e
o f the s u r v e y u n til th e s e le c tio n o f a sam ple fo r a p e rs o n a l v is it s u rv e y .
T h e s a m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s in v o lv e d e ta ile d s tr a tific a tio n o f a ll
e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in the sc o p e o f an in d iv id u a l a re a s u r v e y by in d u stry
and n u m b er o f e m p lo y e e s .
F r o m th is s tr a tifie d u n ive rs e a p ro b a b ility
s a m p le is s e le c te d , w ith ea c h e s ta b lis h m en t havin g a p r e d e te r m in e d chance
o f s e le c tio n .
T o ob ta in op tim u m a c c u ra c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g r e a t e r
p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than s m a ll es ta b lis h m en ts is s e le c te d .
W hen data a re
c om b in ed , e a c h e s ta b lis h m e n t is w e ig h te d a c c o rd in g to its p r o b a b ility o f
s e le c tio n so that u n bia sed e s tim a te s a re g en e ra ted .
F o r e x a m p le , i f one
out o f fo u r e s ta b lis h m e n ts is s e le c te d , it is g iv e n a w eigh t o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t
it s e l f plus th r e e o th e r s .
An a lte rn a te o f the sam e o r ig in a l p r o b a b ility is
chosen in the sam e in d u s t r y - s iz e c la s s ific a tio n if data a re not a v a ila b le
f r o m the o r ig in a l s a m p le m e m b e r .
I f no su itab le substitute is a v a ila b le ,
a d d itio n a l w e ig h t is a s s ig n e d to a sam ple m e m b e r that is s im ila r to the
m is s in g unit.
1 Included in the 75 areas are 5 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract.
These areas are
Akron, Ohio; Birmingham, A la .; N orfolk—V irginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, V a .—N . C .;
Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N. Y . ; and U tica—Rome, N .Y .
In addition, the Bureau conducts more
lim ited area studies in approxim ately 100 areas at the request o f the Employment Standards Administration of
the U. S. Department o f Labor.
O ccupation s and e a rn in g s
O ccu p ation s s e le c te d f o r study a re com m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m an u fac
tu rin g and n onm anu facturin g in d u s tr ie s , and a re o f the fo llo w in g typ es: (1)
O ffic e c le r ic a l; (2) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (3 ) m ain ten an ce, to o lr o o m ,
and p o w e rp la n t; and (4 ) m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u stod ia l.
O ccupation al
c la s s ific a t io n is b ased on a u n ifo rm set o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d esig n ed to take
account o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in duties w ith in the sam e job .
O ccu p ation s s e le c te d f o r study a re lis te d and d e s c r ib e d in appendix B.
U n less o th e rw is e in d ic a te d , the e a rn in g s data fo llo w in g the job title s
a re fo r a ll in d u s trie s com b in ed . E a rn in g s data fo r som e o f the occupations
lis te d and d e s c r ib e d , o r fo r som e in d u s try d iv is io n s w ith in the scope o f the
s u r v e y , a re not p re s e n te d in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s b eca u se e ith e r (1 ) e m p lo y
m ent in the occu p ation is to o s m a ll to p ro v id e enough data to m e r it p r e s e n
ta tio n , o r (2 ) th e r e is p o s s ib ility o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d iv id u a l estab lish m en t
data. S e p a ra te m e n 's and w o m e n 's e a rn in g s data a r e not p re s e n te d when the
nu m b er o f w o r k e r s not id e n tifie d b y s e x is 20 p e rc e n t o r m o r e o f the m en
o r w om en id e n tifie d in an occu p ation .
E a rn in g s data not shown s e p a ra te ly
f o r in d u stry d iv is io n s a re in clu d ed in data f o r a ll in d u s trie s com bined.
L ik e w is e , fo r occu p ation s w ith m o r e than one l e v e l , data a re included in
the o v e r a ll c la s s ific a t io n when a s u b c la s s ific a tio n is not shown o r in fo rm a tio n
to s u b c la s s ify is not a v a ila b le .
O c cu p ation al e m p lo y m e n t and e a rn in g s data a re shown fo r fu ll- tim e
w o r k e r s , i . e . , th ose h ir e d to w o rk a r e g u la r w e e k ly sched u le.
E arnings
data exclu d e p re m iu m p ay f o r o v e r tim e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h olid a ys,
and la te s h ifts .
N on p rod u ction bonuses a re e x c lu d e d , but c o s t- o f- liv in g
a llo w a n c e s and in c e n tiv e bonuses a re in clu d ed .
W e e k ly hours fo r o ffic e
c le r ic a l and p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l occu p ation s r e f e r to the standard
w o rk w e e k (roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf hou r) fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e
r e g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e r tim e at r e g u la r
and/or p re m iu m r a te s ).
A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s f o r th es e occupations
a re rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . V e r t ic a l lin e s w ith in the d istrib u tion
o f w o r k e r s on som e A - ta b le s in d ic a te a change in the s iz e o f the class
in t e r v a ls .
T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u re the l e v e l o f oc c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s in an a re a
at a p a r tic u la r tim e . C o m p a ris o n s o f in d iv id u a l occu p a tio n a l a v e ra g e s o v e r
tim e m a y not r e fle c t e x p e c te d w a g e chan ges.
T h e a v e ra g e s f o r in d ivid u al
job s a re a ffe c te d by changes in w a g e s and e m p lo y m e n t p a tte rn s . F o r exam ple,
p ro p o rtio n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y h ig h - o r lo w -w a g e fir m s m ay change,
o r h ig h -w a g e w o r k e r s m a y advance to b e tte r jo b s and be re p la c e d by new
w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a te s .
Such sh ifts in e m p lo y m e n t oould d e c re a s e an
o c c u p a tio n a l a v e ra g e e v e n though m o s t e s ta b lis h m e n ts in an a r e a in c re a s e
w a g es d uring the y e a r . Changes in e a rn in g s o f oc c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s, shown in
ta b le A - 7 , a r e b e tte r in d ic a to rs o f w age tre n d s than a re e a rn in g s changes fo r
in d iv id u a l jo b s w ith in the gro u p s.
A v e r a g e e a rn in g s r e f le c t c o m p o s ite , a r e a w id e e s tim a te s . In d u s trie s
and e s ta b lis h m en ts d if fe r in p a y l e v e l and jo b s ta ffin g , and thus con trib u te
d iffe r e n tly to the e s tim a te s f o r ea c h jo b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a il to r e f le c t
a c c u r a te ly the w a g e d iffe r e n t ia l am ong jo b s in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts .
A v e r a g e p ay le v e ls f o r m en and w o m e n in s e le c te d occu p atio n s
should not be a ssu m ed to r e f le c t d iffe r e n c e s in pay o f the s e x e s w ith in
in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts .
F a c t o r s w h ich m a y c on trib u te to d iffe r e n c e s
inclu d e p r o g r e s s io n w ith in e s ta b lis h e d ra te ra n g es (o n ly the ra te s p aid
incum bents a re c o lle c te d ) and p e r fo r m a n c e o f s p e c ific duties w ith in the
g e n e r a l s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n s . Job d e s c r ip tio n s used to c la s s ify e m p lo y e e s
in th es e s u rv e y s u su ally a r e m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th o s e used in in d iv id u a l
e s ta b lis h m en ts and a llo w f o r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts in
s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d .
O ccu p a tion a l e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s ta b
lis h m e n ts w ith in the sc o p e o f th e study and not the n u m b er a c tu a lly s u rv e y e d .
B ec a u se oc c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e s am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts d if fe r , e s tim a te s o f
occu p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t ob ta in ed fr o m the s a m p le o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts studied
s e r v e on ly to in d ic a te the r e la t iv e im p o rta n c e o f the jo b s stu died.
These
d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s tru c tu re do not a ffe c t m a t e r ia lly the a c c u r a c y o f
the e a rn in g s data.
E le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g 2
C om pu ter sys te m s
an a lysts, c la s s e s
A , B , and C
C om pu ter p r o g r a m m e r s ,
c la s s e s A , B , and C
In d u s tria l n u rses
R e g is te r e d in d u s tria l
nu rses
S k ille d m ainten ance
C a rp e n ters
E le c tr ic ia n s
S k ille d m a in te n a n c e —
C ontinued
P a in t e r s
M a c h in is ts
M e c h a n ic s (m a c h in e r y )
M e c h a n ic s (m o to r v e h ic le )
P ip e f i t t e r s
T o o l and die m a k e rs
U n s k ille d plant
J a n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and
c le a n e r s
M a t e r ia l handling la b o r e r s
P e r c e n t changes f o r in d iv id u a l a r e a s in th e p r o g r a m a re com puted
as fo llo w s :
1.
A v e r a g e e arn in gs a re com p u ted f o r e a c h o ccu p atio n fo r
the 2 y e a r s b ein g c o m p a re d . T h e a v e r a g e s a r e d e r iv e d
fr o m ea rn in g s in th ose e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich a r e in the
s u rve y both y e a r s ; it is as s u m ed that e m p lo y m e n t
rem a in s unchanged.
2.
Each occupation is a s s ig n e d a w e ig h t b a s e d on its
p ro p o rtio n a te e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n a l grou p in
the b a se y e a r .
3.
T h e s e w eig h ts a re u sed to com p u te gro u p a v e r a g e s .
E ach occ u p a tio n 's a v e r a g e e a rn in g s (com p u ted in step 1)
is m u ltip lie d by its w e ig h t.
T h e p ro d u c ts a r e to ta le d
to obtain a group a v e r a g e .
4.
The ra tio o f grou p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u tiv e y e a r s . i s
com puted by d iv id in g the a v e r a g e f o r th e c u r re n t y e a r
by the a v e ra g e fo r the e a r l i e r y e a r .
T h e r e s u lt—
e x p r e s s e d as a p e rc e n t— le s s 100 is the p e r c e n t change.
W a ge tre n d s f o r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l grou ps
T h e p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s p re s e n te d in ta b le A - 7 a re b a s e d on changes
in a v e ra g e h o u rly e a rn in g s o f m en and w o m e n in e s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r tin g
the tre n d job s in both the c u rre n t and p re v io u s y e a r (m a tc h e d e s ta b lis h m en ts ).
T h e data a re ad ju sted to r e m o v e the e ffe c t on a v e r a g e ea rn in g s o f e m p lo y
m ent sh ifts am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts and tu r n o v e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts in c lu d e d
in s u r v e y s a m p le s .
T h e p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a r e s t ill a ffe c t e d b y
fa c to r s o th e r than w a g e in c r e a s e s .
H ir in g s , la y o ffs , and tu r n o v e r m a y
a ffe c t an e s ta b lis h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an occu p a tio n w hen w o r k e r s a r e p aid
under plans p r o v id in g a ran ge o f w a g e r a te s f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s . In p e r io d s
o f in c r e a s e d h ir in g , f o r e x a m p le , n ew e m p lo y e e s m a y e n te r at the b o tto m
o f the ra n g e , d e p r e s s in g the a v e r a g e w ith out a change in w a g e r a te s .
T h e p e rc e n t changes r e la te to w a g e changes b e tw e e n the in d ic a te d
d ates. W hen the t im e span b e tw e e n s u r v e y s is o th e r than 12 m on th s, annual
ra te s a re shown.
(It is assu m ed that w a g e s in c r e a s e at a constant ra te
b etw een s u r v e y s .)
F o r a m o r e d e ta ile d d e s c r ip tio n o f th e m eth od used to com pute
th e s e w a g e tr e n d s , se e " Im p r o v in g A r e a W a g e S u rv e y I n d e x e s ," M on th ly
L a b o r R e v ie w , January 1973, pp. 52-57.
E s ta b lis h m en t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p lem e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s
O ccu p ation s u sed to com pute w a g e tre n d s a r e :
O ffic e c l e r ic a l
O ffic e c le r ic a l— Continued
S e c r e t a r ie s
S te n o g ra p h e rs , g e n e r a l
S te n o g ra p h e rs , s e n io r
T y p is t s , c la s s e s
A and B
F i l e c le r k s , c la s s e s A ,
B , and C
M essen g ers
S w itc h b o a rd o p e r a to r s
O r d e r c le r k s , c la s s e s
A and B
A c c o u n tin g c le r k s ,
c la s s e s A and B
B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e
o p e r a to r s , c la s s B
P a y r o l l c le rk s
K e y e n tr y o p e r a to r s ,
c la s s e s A and B
T he in c id e n c e o f s e le c te d e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p lem e n ta ry
w a g e p ro v is io n s is studied f o r fu ll- t im e p ro d u c tio n and r e la te d w o r k e r s and
o f f ic e w o r k e r s . P ro d u c tio n and r e la te d w o r k e r s ( r e f e r r e d to h e r e a ft e r as
p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s ) inclu d e w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s and a ll non s u p e r v is o r y
w o rk ers
(inclu din g group le a d e r s and t r a in e e s ) e n g a g ed in fa b r ic a t in g ,
p r o c e s s in g , a s s e m b lin g , in s p e c tio n , r e c e iv in g , s to r a g e , h andling, p a c k
in g , w a re h o u s in g , shipping, m a in te n a n c e , r e p a ir , ja n it o r ia l and gu ard s e r
v ic e s , p roduct d e ve lo p m e n t, a u x ilia r y p ro d u c tio n fo r p la n t's o w n use
(e . g . , p o w e rp la n t), and r e c o rd k e e p in g and o th e r s e r v ic e s c lo s e ly a s s o c i
ated w ith the above p ro d u ction o p e r a tio n s .
(C a f e t e r ia and route w o r k e r s
2
The earnings of computer operators are not included in the w a g e trend computation ror this group.
A revised jo b description is being introduced in this survey which is not equivalent to the previous description.
a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s trie s but included in nonm anu factu rin g
in d u s tr ie s .)
In fin a n c e and in s u ra n c e , no w o r k e r s a re c o n s id e r e d to be
p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s . O ffic e w o r k e r s include w o rk in g s u p e rv is o r s and a ll nons u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s
(in c lu d in g lea d w o r k e r s and t r a in e e s ) p e r fo r m in g
c l e r i c a l o r r e la te d o f f ic e fu n ction s in such d ep a rtm en ts as accou n tin g,
a d v e r tis in g , p u rc h a s in g , c o lle c tio n , c r e d it, fin a n c e, le g a l, p a y r o ll, p e rs o n n e l,
s a le s , in d u s tr ia l r e la tio n s , p u b lic r e la tio n s , e x e c u tiv e , o r tr a n s p o r ta tio n .
A d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and p a r t-tim e e m p lo y e e s as w e ll
as c o n s tru c tio n w o r k e r s u tiliz e d as s e p a ra te w o rk fo r c e s a re e xclu d ed f r o m
both the p ro d u c tio n and o f f ic e w o r k e r c a te g o r ie s .
M in im u m e n tra n c e s a la r ie s (tab le B - l ) . M in im u m en tra n ce s a la r ie s
f o r o ffic e w o r k e r s r e la te on ly to the esta b lis h m en ts v is ite d . B ec a u se o f the
o p tim u m s a m p lin g te c h n iq u e s used and the p ro b a b ility that la r g e e s ta b lis h
m en ts a re m o r e lik e ly than s m a ll e s ta b lish m en ts to have fo r m a l e n tra n ce
r a te s ab ove the s u b c le r ic a l l e v e l , the ta b le is m o r e r e p r e s e n ta tiv e o f p o lic ie s
in m ed iu m and la r g e e s ta b lis h m e n ts .
(T h e " X 's " shown under stan dard
w e e k ly hours in d ic a te that no m ea n in g fu l to ta ls a re a p p lic a b le .)
S h ift d iffe r e n t ia ls — m an u factu rin g (tab le B - 2 ). Data w e r e c o lle c te d
on p o lic ie s o f m a n u fa c tu rin g e s ta b lis h m en ts re g a rd in g pay d iffe r e n tia ls f o r
p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s on la te s h ifts .
E s ta b lis h m en ts c o n s id e r e d as havin g
p o lic ie s a re th o s e w h ich (1 ) have p ro v is io n s in w r itin g c o v e r in g the o p e ra tio n
o f la te s h ifts , o r (2 ) h ave o p e r a te d la te sh ifts at any tim e du rin g the 12
m onths p r e c e d in g a s u r v e y . W hen es ta b lis h m en ts have s e v e r a l d iffe r e n tia ls
w h ich v a r y b y jo b , the d iffe r e n t ia l applyin g to the m a jo r ity o f the p ro d u c tio n
w o r k e r s is r e c o r d e d .
W hen e s ta b lis h m en ts have d iffe r e n tia ls w h ich apply
o n ly to c e r ta in hours o f w o r k , the d iffe r e n tia l applying to the m a jo r it y o f
the s h ift h ou rs is r e c o r d e d .
F o r p u rp o s e s o f th is study, a late sh ift is e ith e r a second (e v e n in g )
s h ift w h ich ends at o r n e a r m id n igh t o r a th ird (night) shift w h ich s ta rts at
o r n e a r m id n igh t.
D iffe r e n tia ls f o r seco n d and th ird sh ifts a re s u m m a rize d s e p a r a te ly
f o r (1 ) e s ta b lis h m e n t p o lic ie s (an e s ta b lis h m e n t's d iffe r e n tia ls a re w e ig h te d
b y a ll p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s in the es ta b lis h m en t at the tim e o f the s u r v e y )
and (2 ) e f fe c t iv e p r a c t ic e s (an e s ta b lis h m e n t's d iffe r e n tia ls a re w e ig h te d by
p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d shift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y ).
S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u rs; p aid h olid a ys; p aid v a c a tio n s ; and h e a lth ,
in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s . P r o v is io n s which apply to a m a jo r it y o f the
p ro d u c tio n o r o ffic e w o r k e r s in an es ta b lis h m en t a re c o n s id e r e d to apply to
a ll p ro d u c tio n o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s in the esta b lish m en t; a p r a c t ic e o r p r o v is io n
is c o n s id e r e d n o n e x is te n t w hen it ap p lies to le s s than a m a jo r ity .
H o lid a y s ;
v a c a tio n s ; and h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , and pen sion plans a re c o n s id e r e d a p p lic a b le
to e m p lo y e e s c u r r e n t ly e lig ib le f o r the b e n e fits as w e ll as to e m p lo y e e s who
w i l l e v e n tu a lly b e c o m e e lig ib le .
S ch ed u led w e e k ly h ou rs and days (tab le B - 3 ). Sch eduled w e e k ly
h ou rs and days r e f e r to the n u m b er o f hours and days p e r w e e k w h ich f u ll
tim e f i r s t (d a y ) s h ift w o r k e r s a re ex p e c te d to w o rk , w h eth er p aid f o r at
s tr a ig h t - t im e o r o v e r t im e r a te s .
P a id h o lid a y s (ta b le B - 4 ) . H olid ays a re included i f w o r k e r s who
a r e not r e q u ir e d to w o r k a r e p aid f o r the tim e o f f and th ose r e q u ire d to
w o rk r e c e iv e p r e m iu m p a y o r c o m p en s a to ry tim e o ff.
T h e y a re in clu d ed
o n ly i f th ey a r e g ra n te d an nually on a fo r m a l b asis (p ro v id e d fo r in
w r itte n f o r m o r e s ta b lis h e d by cu stom ). H olid a y s a r e inclu d ed even though
in a p a r tic u la r y e a r th ey fa ll on a n onw orkday and e m p lo y e e s a re not
g ra n te d an oth er day o ff.
P a id p e rs o n a l h o lid ay p la n s , ty p ic a lly found in
the a u tom ob ile and r e la te d in d u s tr ie s , a re in cluded as p aid h olid a ys.
Data a re tab u la ted to show the p e rc e n t o f w o r k e r s who (1) are
g ra n te d s p e c ific n u m b ers o f w h ole and h a lf h o lid a ys and (2 ) a re gran ted
s p e c ifie d
amounts o f to ta l h o lid a y tim e (w h ole and h a lf holid ays a re
a g g r e g a te d ).
P a id v a c a tio n s (tab le B - 5 ) . E s ta b lis h m en ts r e p o rt th e ir m ethod o f
c a lc u la tin g v a c a tio n pay (tim e b a s is , p e rc e n t o f annual e a rn in g s , fla t-s u m
p ay m en t, e t c .) and the amount o f v a c a tio n pay g ra n ted .
O nly b a s ic fo r m a l
plans a re r e p o rte d . V a c a tio n b on u ses, v a c a tio n -s a v in g s p lan s, and "e x te n d e d "
o r "s a b b a tic a l" b e n e fits beyond b a s ic plans a re exclu d ed .
F o r tab u latin g v a c a tio n pay gra n te d , a ll p r o v is io n s a re e x p re s s e d
on a tim e b a s is .
V a c a tio n pay c a lc u la te d on o th e r than a tim e b a sis is
c o n v e r te d to its e q u iv a le n t tim e p e r io d .
T w o p e rc e n t o f annual ea rn in g s,
fo r e x a m p le , is tab u la ted as 1 w e e k 's v a c a tio n pay.
A ls o , p r o v is io n s a fte r each s p e c ifie d len gth o f s e r v ic e a re rela te d
to a ll p ro d u ction o r o ffic e w o r k e r s in an e s ta b lis h m en t r e g a r d le s s o f length o f
s e r v ic e . V a c a tio n plans co m m o n ly p ro v id e fo r a l a r g e r amount o f vacation
pay as s e r v ic e len gth en s. Counts o f p ro d u ction o r o ffic e w o r k e r s by length
o f s e r v ic e w e r e not ob tain ed .
T h e tab u lation s o f v a c a tio n pay gran ted
p re s e n t, t h e r e fo r e , s ta tis tic a l m e a s u re s o f th es e p r o v is io n s ra th er than
p ro p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s a c tu a lly r e c e iv in g s p e c ific b e n e fits .
H ea lth , in s u ra n ce , and p en sion plans (ta b le s B -6 and B - 7 ) . H ealth,
in s u ra n c e , and p en sion plans in clu d e plans f o r w h ich the e m p lo y e r pays
e ith e r a ll o r p a rt o f the cost.
T h e c ost m ay be (1) u n d erw ritten by a
c o m m e r c ia l in s u ra n ce com pany o r n o n p ro fit o r g a n iz a tio n , (2 ) c o v e re d by a
union fund to w h ich the e m p lo y e r has c on trib u ted , o r (3 ) b orn e d ir e c tly by
the e m p lo y e r out o f o p e ra tin g funds o r a fund set a s id e to c o v e r the cost.
A plan is in clu d ed e v en though a m a jo r ity o f the e m p lo y e e s in an e s ta b lis h
m ent do not choose to p a r tic ip a te in it b eca u se th ey a re re q u ire d to b e a r
p a rt o f its c ost (p ro v id e d the ch o ice to p a r tic ip a te is a v a ila b le o r w ill
e v e n tu a lly b e c o m e a v a ila b le to a m a jo r it y ). L e g a lly re q u ire d plans such as
s o c ia l s e c u r ity , r a ilr o a d r e t ir e m e n t, w o r k e r s ' d is a b ility com p en sation , and
te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in su ran ce 3 a re exclu d ed .
3
Temporary disability insurance which provides benefits to covered workers disabled by injury or illness
which is not work-connected is mandatory under State laws in California, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode
Island. Establishment plans which m eet only the legal requirements are excluded from these data, but those
under which (1 ) employers contribute more than is leg a lly required or (2 ) benefits exceed those specified in the
State law are included.
In Rhode Island, benefits are paid out of a State fund to which only employees
contribute. In each o f the other three States, benefits are paid either from a State fund or through a private plan.
State fund financing: In California, only employees contribute to the State fund; in New Jersey,
employees and employers contribute; in New York, employees contribute up to a specified maximum
and employers pay the difference between the em ployees' share and the total contribution required.
Private plan financing: In California and New Jersey, employees cannot be required to contribute
more than they would i f they were covered by the State fund; in New York, employees can agree
to contribute more i f the State rules that the additional contribution is commensurate with the
benefit provided.
Federal legislation ( Railroad Unemployment insurance A c t) provides temporary disability insurance benefits
to railroad workers for illness or injury, whether work-connected or not. The legislation requires that employers
bear the entire cost o f the insurance.
L i f e in s u ra n ce in clu d es fo r m a l plans p ro v id in g in d e m n ity (u su ally
th rou gh an in s u ra n ce p o lic y ) in case o f death o f the c o v e r e d w o r k e r .
In fo rm a tio n is a ls o p r o v id e d in ta b le B - 7 on ty p es o f lif e in s u ra n ce plans
and the amount o f c o v e r a g e iij a ll in d u s trie s com b in ed and in m a n u factu rin g.
A c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e r m e n t in s u ra n ce is lim ite d to plans
w h ich p r o v id e b e n e fit p aym en ts in c a s e o f death o r lo s s o f lim b o r sigh t as a
d ir e c t r e s u lt o f an accid en t.
L a b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e
T h e fo llo w in g tabu lation show s the p e r c e n t o f f u ll- t im e p ro d u c tio n
and o ffic e w o rk e rs em p lo ye d in e s ta b lis h m e n ts in the W o r c e s t e r a r e a in w h ich
a union c o n tra ct o r c o n tra cts c o v e r e d a m a jo r it y o f the w o r k e r s in the
r e s p e c t iv e c a te g o r ie s , A p r il 1978:
P ro d u c tio n and
r e la te d w o r k e r s
S ic k n e s s and a c c id en t in su ra n ce in clu d es on ly th ose plans w h ich
p ro v id e that p r e d e te r m in e d cash paym en ts be m ade d ir e c t ly to e m p lo y e e s
who lo s e tim e fr o m w o rk b eca u se o f illn e s s o r in ju r y , e .g ., $ 50 a w e e k
fo r up to 26 w e e k s o f d is a b ility .
S ick le a v e plans a re lim ite d to fo r m a l p la n s 4 w h ich p r o v id e fo r
continuing an e m p lo y e e 's pay d uring ab sen ce f r o m w o rk b eca u se o f illn e s s .
Data c o lle c te d d is tin g u is h b etw een (1 ) plans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll p ay w ith no
w a itin g p e r io d , and (2 ) plans w h ich e ith e r p r o v id e p a r tia l pay o r r e q u ir e a
w a itin g p e r io d .
L o n g - t e r m d is a b ility in s u ra n ce plans p r o v id e paym en ts to to ta lly
d is a b led e m p lo y e e s upon the e x p ir a tio n o f th e ir p aid s ic k le a v e and/or s ic k
ness and a ccid en t in s u ra n c e , o r a fte r a p r e d e te r m in e d p e r io d o f d is a b ility
(ty p ic a lly 6 m o n th s ). P a y m e n ts a re m ad e until the end o f the d is a b ility , a
m a xim u m a g e , o r e lig ib ilit y f o r r e t ir e m e n t b e n e fits .
F u ll o r p a r tia l p a y
m ents a re a lm o s t alw a ys red u c e d by s o c ia l s e c u r ity , w o r k e r s ' d is a b ility
c om p en sation , and p r iv a t e p en sion b e n e fits p a y a b le to the d is a b led e m p lo y e e .
H o s p ita liz a tio n , s u r g ic a l, and m e d ic a l in s u ra n ce plans r e p o rte d
in th es e s u rv e y s p r o v id e fu ll o r p a r tia l p aym en t fo r b a s ic s e r v ic e s re n d e re d .
H o s p ita liz a tio n in su ra n ce c o v e r s h o s p ita l r o o m and b o a rd and m a y c o v e r
o th e r h o s p ita l e x p e n s e s . S u r g ic a l in su ra n ce c o v e r s s u r g e o n s ' fe e s . M e d ic a l
in su ra n ce c o v e r s d o c t o r s ' fe e s f o r h o m e, o f f ic e , o r h o s p ita l c a lls .
P la n s
r e s t r ic t e d to p o s t- o p e r a tiv e m e d ic a l c a r e o r a d o c to r 's c a r e f o r m in o r
ailm e n ts at a w o r k e r 's p la c e o f e m p lo y m e n t a re not c o n s id e r e d to be
m e d ic a l in s u ra n ce .
M a jo r m e d ic a l in s u ra n ce c o v e r a g e a p p lie s to s e r v ic e s w h ich go
beyond the b a s ic s e r v ic e s c o v e r e d under h o s p ita liz a tio n , s u r g ic a l, and
m e d ic a l in s u ra n c e .
M a jo r m e d ic a l in s u ra n ce ty p ic a lly (1 ) r e q u ir e s that a
"d e d u c tib le " (e . g . , $ 5 0 ) be m et b e fo r e b e n e fits b e gin , (2) has a coin su ra n ce
fe a tu re that r e q u ir e s the in su red to pay a p o rtio n (e .g ., 20 p e r c e n t) o f
c e rta in e x p e n s e s , and (3 ) has a s p e c ifie d d o lla r m ax im u m o f b e n e fits (e .g .,
$ 10, 000 a y e a r ).
In d u s tria l c o m p o s itio n in m an u factu rin g
A lm o s t th r e e -fifth s of the w o r k e r s w ith in the sc o p e o f the s u r v e y
in the W o r c e s te r a r e a w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c tu rin g f ir m s . T h e fo llo w in g
p re s e n ts the m a jo r in d u stry grou p s and s p e c ific in d u s tr ie s as a p e r c e n t of
a ll m an u factu rin g:
Industry groups
A n establishment is considered as having a formal plan if it specifies at least the minimum number
S p e c ific in d u s trie s
F a b ric a te d m e ta l p ro d u c ts ____ 21
M a c h in e ry , exc e p t
e le c t r ic a l________________________ 20
Stone, c la y , and g la s s
p ro d u c ts ________________________ 14
T e x t ile m ill p ro d u c ts __________
9
P r im a r y m eta l in d u s tr ie s _____ 6
L e a th e r and le a th e r
p ro d u c ts ________________________ 6
R u b b er and m is c e lla n e o u s
p la s tic s p ro d u cts______________ 5
P r in tin g and p u b lis h in g _______
5
M is c e lla n e o u s n o n m e ta llic
m in e r a l p r o d u c t s _____________12
M e ta lw o rk in g m a c h i n e r y _____ 11
M is c e lla n e o u s fa b r ic a t e d
m e ta l p ro d u c ts ________________ 6
S p e c ia l in d u s try m a c h in e r y __ 6
M e ta l fo r g in g s and
s ta m p in g s _____________________ 6
F o o t w e a r , e x c e p t r u b b e r _____ 5
M is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic s
p r o d u c ts _______________________ 5
Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave
allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded.
15
26
100
A n e s tab lish m en t is c o n s id e r e d to h ave a c o n tra c t c o v e r in g a ll
p ro d u ction o r o ffic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r it y o f such w o r k e r s is c o v e r e d b y a
la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g re e m e n t.
T h e r e f o r e , a ll o th e r p ro d u c tio n o r o ffic e
w o r k e r s a r e em p lo ye d in e s ta b lis h m en ts th at e ith e r do not h a ve l a b o r m an agem en t con tra cts in e ffe c t, or h ave c o n tra c ts that a p p ly to f e w e r than
h a lf of th e ir p rod u ction o r o ffic e w o r k e r s .
E s tim a te s a r e not n e c e s s a r ily
r e p r e s e n ta tiv e o f the extent to w h ich a ll w o r k e r s in the a r e a m a y be c o v e r e d
by the p ro v is io n s o f la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts , b e c a u s e s m a ll e s ta b lis h
m en ts a r e exclu ded and the in d u s tria l s cop e o f the s u r v e y is lim ite d .
R e tir e m e n t p e n s io n plans p r o v id e f o r r e g u la r paym en ts to the
r e t ir e e fo r l i f e .
In clu d ed a re d e fe r r e d p r o fit - s h a r in g plans w h ich p ro v id e
the op tion o f p u rch a s in g a life t im e annuity.
4
34
31
42
99
A l l in d u stries
M anu facturin g
N onm an u factu ring_______
P u b lic u tilitie s
D en ta l in s u ra n ce plans p r o v id e n o rm a l d ental s e r v ic e b e n e fits ,
u su ally fo r f illin g s , e x tr a c tio n s , and X - r a y s . P la n s w h ich p r o v id e b e n e fits
on ly fo r o r a l s u r g e r y o r r e p a ir in g a c c id en t dam age a r e not re p o rte d .
of days of sick leave available to each employee.
O ffic e w o r k e r s
T h is in fo rm a tio n is b ased on e s tim a te s o f to ta l e m p lo y m e n t d e r iv e d
fr o m u n iv e rs e m a te r ia ls c o m p ile d b e fo r e a ctu a l s u rv e y .
P r o p o r tio n s in
v a r io u s in d u stry d iv is io n s m a y d if fe r f r o m p ro p o r tio n s b a s e d on the re s u lts
o f the s u r v e y as shown in appendix ta b le 1.
Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied
in Worcester, Mass.,1 April 1978
N u m b e r of esta bl is hm en ts
In du str y d iv is io n 2
Mi n im um
employment
in e sta bl ish
ments in scope
of study
W o r k e r s in est ablishments
Within sc ope of study
Within scope
of study 3
Studied
Studied
Total4
Number
ALL D I V I S I O N S ------------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------------------------TRANSPORTATION. COMMUNICATION. AND
OTHER PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 5 ----------------------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE
----------------------------------------------------------RETAIL TRADE
----------------------------------------------------------------FI NA NCE . INSURANCE. AND REAL ESTATE
-------------SERVICES7 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
_
Full-tim e
office w o r k e r s
T ota14
315
126
63.978
100
3 5. 06 1
9 .5 5 5
9 2, 00 8
50
161
15 A
56
70
3 6 .1 2 9
2 7 .3 59
57
93
26.073
8.988
3 .8 7 2
5 .6 8 3
2 2. 7 3 3
19, 275
50
50
50
50
50
13
31
70
20
20
B
9
25
12
16
9 .2 9 2
3 .9 2 7
1 1 .3 2 6
5 .8 9 0
2. 9 1 9
7
5
18
9
4
1.798
<6 )
<6 I
<6 >
I6 )
1 T h e W o r c e s t e r Sta nda rd M e tr o p o l it a n Statistical A r e a , as defined by the Office of M a n a g e
me nt and Budge t thro ugh F e b r u a r y 1974, co nsists of the city of W o r c e s t e r , and the towns of Au b u rn ,
B e r l i n , B o yl st on , B r o o k fi e ld ,
C h a rlt on , E a s t Bro ok fi e ld , Grafton, Holden, L e i c e s t e r , M i l lb u r y ,
N o r t h b o ro u g h , N o r t h b r i d g e , N o rt h B r o o k f ie l d , O xf o rd , Paxton, Sh r e w sb u r y , S p en ce r, S te rli n g, Sutton,
Upton, U x b r i d g e , W e s t b o r o u g h , W e s t Boyl sto n, and W e b s t e r in W o r c e s t e r County.
T he " w o r k e r s
within sco pe of study" est im at es sh own in this table p rov ide a re a s o n a b ly ac c u ra te de s c r ip t io n of
the s iz e and c om po si ti o n of the l a b o r f o r c e included in the survey.
E st i m a t e s a r e not intended,
h o w e v e r , fo r c o m p a r i s o n with other em pl oym en t indexes to m e a s u r e em plo ym en t tr ends or le ve ls
si nce (1) planning of w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s es tabl ishment data compiled c o n s i d e r a b ly in ad vance of
the p a y r o l l pe ri o d studied, and (2) s m a l l estab lishm en ts a r e excluded f r o m the scope of the survey.
Th e 1972 edition of the S ta n da rd Indu str ial C l a ss if ic a ti on Manual w a s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e s t a b
li sh me nt s by in d us try division.
H o w e v e r , all go vernment operations a r e excluded f r o m the scope
of the su r v e y .
Percent
F u l l - time
production and
relat ed w o r k e r s
983
» 6)
< 6I
C6 )
( 61
3 ,8 5 3
1,973
7.0 51
5 .0 9 6
1.8 5 2
3 Includes a ll e st ab li sh m en ts with total employ men t at or above the m in i m u m limitation. A l l
outlets (within the a r e a ) of com pa ni es in in du st ri es such as t rad e, finance, auto r e p a i r s e r v ic e , and
mot io n pic tu re t h ea te rs a r e c o n s i d e r e d as one establishment.
4 Includes ex ecutive, p r o f e s s i o n a l , p a r t - t i m e , and other w o r k e r s exclud ed f r o m the s epa ra te
production and office c a t e g o r ie s.
5 A b b r e v i a t e d to "p u b l i c utilit ie s" in the A - and B - s e r i e s tables.
T a x i c a b s and s e r v ic e s
incidental to w a t e r tra n sp or ta ti on a r e exclude d.
6 S ep ar at e pr ese nt at io n of data is not m ad e fo r this division.
7 Hot els and m o t e l s; la u n d ri e s and other p er s o n al s e r v i c e s ; b us in es s s e r v ic e s ; automobile
r e p a i r , ren ta l, and par kin g; motion pic tu re s; nonprofit m e m b e r s h i p organi zat io ns (excluding re li gi o u s
and c h a r it a bl e or g a n iz a t io n s ); and engi ne er in g and ar ch it ec tu ra l s er v i c e s .
25
Appendix B.
Occupational
Descriptions
T h e p r im a r y p u rp o se o f p re p a r in g job d e s c r ip tio n s f o r the
B u re a u 's w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s is t its f ie ld s ta ff in c la s s ify in g into
a p p ro p ria te occ u p a tio n s w o r k e r s who a re em p lo ye d under a v a r ie t y o f
p a y r o ll t it le s and d iffe r e n t w o rk a rra n g em e n ts fr o m e s ta b lis h m en t to
e s ta b lis h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a re a .
T h is p e rm its the gro u p in g o f
o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e r a te s r e p r e s e n tin g co m p a ra b le jo b content.
B ecau se
o f th is e m p h a s is on in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t and in t e r a r e a c o m p a ra b ility
o f o c c u p a tio n a l con ten t, the B u re a u 's job d e s c rip tio n s m a y d if fe r s ig
n ific a n tly f r o m th o s e in use in in d ivid u a l esta b lis h m en ts o r th ose p r e
p a r e d f o r o th e r p u r p o s e s .
In applyin g th ese job d e s c r ip tio n s , the
B u re a u 's f i e l d e c o n o m is ts a r e in s tru c te d to exclu d e w o rk in g s u p e r
v i s o r s ; a p p re n tic e s ; and p a r t - t im e , te m p o r a r y , and p ro b a tio n a ry w o r k e r s .
H an dicap p ed w o r k e r s w h ose e a rn in g s a re redu ced b eca u se o f th e ir
h a ndicap a r e a ls o e x c lu d e d . L e a r n e r s , b e g in n e rs , and t r a in e e s , unless
s p e c if ic a lly in c lu d e d in th e jo b d e s c r ip tio n , a re excluded.
Office
S E C R E T A R Y — Continued
SECRETARY
A s s ig n e d as a p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a lly to one in d iv id u a l.
M a in ta in s a c lo s e and h ig h ly re s p o n s iv e rela tio n s h ip to the d a y -to -d a y a c t iv
it ie s o f th e s u p e r v is o r . W o rk s f a ir ly in dependently r e c e iv in g a m in im u m o f
d e ta ile d s u p e r v is io n and g u id an ce. P e r f o r m s v a r ie d c le r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l
d u ties r e q u ir in g a k n o w le d g e o f o ffic e routine and un derstand in g o f the
o r g a n iz a tio n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e la te d to the w o r k o f the s u p e r v is o r .
E x c lu s io n s — C ontinued
a.
b.
S te n o g ra p h e rs s e r v in g as o ffic e a s s is ta n ts
fe s s io n a l, te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e ria l p e rs o n s ;
d.
N ot a ll p o s itio n s that a re title d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the ab ove
c h a r a c t e r is t ic s . E x a m p le s o f p o s itio n s w h ich a re exclu d ed f r o m the d e fin itio n
a r e as fo llo w s :
S te n o g ra p h e rs not fu lly tr a in e d in s e c r e t a r ia l- t y p e duties;
c.
E x c lu s io n s
P o s itio n s w h ich do not
d e s c r ib e d ab ove;
m e e t the
" p e r s o n a l"
A s s is ta n t - ty p e p o s itio n s w h ich e n ta il m o r e d iffic u lt or m o r e r e
s p o n s ib le te c h n ic a l, a d m in is tr a tiv e , o r s u p e r v is o r y duties w h ich
a r e not t y p ic a l'o f s e c r e t a r ia l w o rk , e .g ., A d m in is tr a tiv e A s s i s t
ant, o r E x e c u tiv e A s s is ta n t;
L is te d b e lo w a re s e v e r a l occu p atio n s f o r w h ich r e v is e d d e s c r ip tio n s o r t it le s a r e b e in g in tro d u ced
in th is s u rve y :
G uard
S h ip p er and r e c e i v e r
(p r e v io u s ly s u rv e y e d
as shipping and
r e c e iv in g c le r k )
T r u c k d r iv e r
O r d e r c le r k
P a y r o ll c le r k
S ecreta ry
K e y e n try o p e r a to r
T r a n s c rib in g -m a c h in e ty p is t
C om p u ter o p e r a to r
T h e B u reau has discon tin u ed c o lle c tin g data f o r ta b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a to r .
c la s s ifie d as w atch m en a re now c la s s ifie d as guards under the r e v is e d d e s c r ip tio n .
27
W o r k e r s p r e v io u s ly
s e c r e ta r y concept
to a group
of p ro
SECRETARY— Continued
SEC RET ARY— Continue d
E x c lu s io n s — Continued
C la s s ific a tio n by L e v e l— Continued
e.
P o s itio n s w h ich do not fit any o f the situ ation s lis t e d in the
s e c tio n s b e lo w tit le d ''L e v e l o f S u p e r v is o r , " e .g ., s e c r e t a r y to the
p re s id e n t o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,00 0 p e rs o n s ;
f.
T r a in e e s .
C la s s ific a tio n by L e v e l
e.
S e c r e t a r y jo b s w h ich m e e t th e ab ove c h a r a c te r is t ic s a re m atch ed at
one o f fiv e le v e ls a c c o r d in g to (a ) th e l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y 's s u p e r v is o r
w ith in the c o m p a n y 's o r g a n iz a tio n a l s tru c tu re and, (b ) the l e v e l o f the
s e c r e t a r y 's r e s p o n s ib ilit y . T h e ch art fo llo w in g the exp lan ation s o f th es e tw o
fa c to r s in d ic a te s the l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y f o r each com b in atio n o f the
fa c to r s .
a.
S e c r e t a r y to the ch a irm a n o f th e b o a rd o r p re s id e n t o f a com p an y
that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5 ,00 0 p e rs o n s ; o r
b.
S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a te o f f i c e r (o th e r than th e ch a irm a n o f
the b oard o r p r e s id e n t) o f a com p an y that e m p lo y s , in a ll,
o v e r 5,000 but fe w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e rs o n s ; o r
c.
LS—
4
S e c r e ta r y to the head o f a la r g e and im p o rta n t o r g a n iz a tio n a l
segm ent (e .g ., a m id d le m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n i
zation a l segm en t o fte n in v o lv in g as m any as s e v e r a l hundred
p e rs o n s ) o f a com pany th at e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e rs o n s .
S e c r e ta r y to the head, im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a te o f f i c e r
le v e l, o f a m a jo r s e g m e n t o r s u b s id ia ry o f a com p any that
e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s .
L e v e l o f S e c r e t a r y 's S u p e r v is o r (L S )
S e c r e t a r ie s should be m a tch ed at one o f the fo u r LS le v e ls d e s c r ib e d
b e lo w a c c o rd in g to the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y 's s u p e r v is o r w ith in the com pany
o r g a n iz a tio n a l s tru c tu re.
LS—1
S e c r e t a r y to the s u p e r v is o r o r head o f a s m a ll
unit (e .g ., f e w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ); o r
b.
LS—2
a.
o r g a n iz a tio n a l
S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e rv is o r y s ta ff s p e c ia lis t, p r o fe s s io n a l
e m p lo y e e , a d m in is tr a tiv e o f f ic e r o r a s s is ta n t, s k ille d te c h n icia n
o r e x p e rt.
(N O T E :
Many
com p an ies a s s ig n s te n o g r a p h e r s ,
r a th e r than s e c r e t a r ie s as d e s c r ib e d a b o v e , to th is l e v e l o f
s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e rv is o r y w o r k e r .)
a.
S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u tiv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e rs o n w h ose re s p o n
s ib ilit y is not e q u iv a le n t to one o f the s p e c ific le v e l situ ation s in
the d e fin itio n fo r LS —
3, but w h ose o r g a n iz a tio n a l unit n o r m a lly
n u m b ers at le a s t s e v e r a l d ozen e m p lo y e e s and is u su ally d iv id e d
in to o r g a n iz a tio n a l s e gm en ts w h ich a r e o fte n , in tu rn , fu r th e r
su b d ivid ed . In s om e c o m p a n ie s , th is l e v e l in clu d es a w id e ran ge
o f o r g a n iz a tio n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o th e r s , on ly one o r tw o ; or
b.
LS—3
S e c r e t a r y to the head o f an in d iv id u a l p lan t, fa c to r y , e tc ., (o r
o th e r e q u iv a le n t le v e l o f o f f ic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, fe w e r
than 5 ,0 0 0 p e rs o n s .
a.
S e c r e t a r y to th e ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p re s id e n t o f a com pany
that e m p lo y s , in a ll, f e w e r than 100 p e rs o n s ; o r
b.
S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a te o f f i c e r (o th e r than c h a irm a n o f the
b o a rd or p r e s id e n t) o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100
but fe w e r than 5 ,00 0 p e rs o n s ; o r
c.
S e c r e t a r y to the head (im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the o f f ic e r l e v e l) o v e r
e ith e r a m a jo r c o r p o r a te w id e fu n ctio n al a c tiv ity (e .g ., m a rk e tin g ,
r e s e a r c h , o p e r a tio n s , in d u s tr ia l r e la tio n s , e tc .) o r a m a jo r
g e o g r a p h ic o r o r g a n iz a tio n a l segm e n t (e . g . , a r e g io n a l h ea d q u a r
t e r s ; a m a jo r d iv is io n ) o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll,
o v e r 5, 000 but f e w e r than 25, 000 e m p lo y e e s ; o r
S e c r e t a r y to the head o f
(o r o th e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l
o v e r 5 ,00 0 p e rs o n s ; o r
d.
N O T E : Th e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r " used in the ab ove LS d e f
in itio n r e fe r s to th ose o ffic ia ls who h a ve a s ig n ific a n t c o r p o r a te w id e p o lic y
m ak in g r o le w ith r e g a r d to m a jo r com p an y a c t iv it ie s .
T h e t it le " v ic e
p r e s id e n t , " though n o rm a lly in d ic a tiv e o f th is r o le , does not in a ll ca s e s
id e n tify such p o s itio n s . V ic e p re s id e n ts w h o s e p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y is to
act p e rs o n a lly on in d iv id u a l cas e s o r tr a n s a c tio n s (e .g ., a p p ro v e o r deny
in d iv id u a l loan o r c r e d it a c tio n s ; a d m in is te r in d iv id u a l tr u s t accou n ts; d i
r e c t ly s u p e rv is e a c le r ic a l s ta ff) a r e not c o n s id e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e
o f f i c e r s " f o r p u rp o ses o f applyin g the d e fin itio n .
L e v e l o f S e c r e t a r y 's R e s p o n s ib ility ( L R )
T h is fa c to r evalu ates the n a tu re o f th e w o rk r e la tio n s h ip b etw een
the s e c r e t a r y and the s u p e r v is o r , and th e e xten t to w h ich the s e c r e t a r y is
e x p e c te d to e x e r c is e in itia tiv e and ju d g m en t. S e c r e t a r ie s should be m atch ed
at L R —1 o r L R — d e s c r ib e d b e lo w a c c o r d in g to th e ir l e v e l o f r e s p o n s ib ilit y .
2
L e v e l o f R e s p o n s ib ility 1 (L R —1)
P e r fo r m s v a r ie d s e c r e t a r ia l d u ties in clu d in g o r c o m p a ra b le to m ost
o f the fo llo w in g :
a.
A n s w e rs te le p h o n e s,
com ing m a il.
b.
A n s w e rs telep h on e req u e sts w h ich h a ve stan d a rd a n s w e r s .
r e p ly to req u e sts b y sen d in g a f o r m le t t e r .
c.
R e v ie w s c o r re s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d a , and r e p o r ts p r e p a r e d by
oth ers fo r the s u p e r v is o r 's s ig n a tu re to en s u re p r o c e d u r a l and
ty p o g ra p h ic a l a c c u ra c y .
d.
M aintains s u p e r v is o r 's
in stru cted .
e.
T y p e s , takes and tr a n s c r ib e s d ic ta tio n , and f i l e s .
an in d iv id u a l p lan t, fa c t o r y , e tc .,
o f o f f ic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll,
g re e ts
p erson a l
c a le n d a r
and
c a ll e r s ,
m a k es
and
opens
in
M ay
ap p oin tm en ts
as
SEC RET ARY— Continue d
STENOGRAPHER— Continued
L e v e l o f R e s p o n s ib ility 2 ( L R —2)
S te n o g ra p h e r, S e n io r
P e r f o r m s d u ties d e s c r ib e d under L R —1 and, in ad d itio n p e r fo r m s
ta s k s r e q u ir in g g r e a t e r ju d g m e n t, in it ia tiv e , and know ledge o f o f f ic e functions
in clu d in g o r c o m p a ra b le to m o s t o f the fo llo w in g :
a.
S c r e e n s te le p h o n e and p e rs o n a l c a lle r s , d e te rm in in g w h ich can
b e han d led b y th e s u p e r v is o r 's su b ord inates o r o th e r o ff ic e s .
b.
A n s w e r s r e q u e s ts w h ich r e q u ire a d e ta ile d k n o w le d g e o f o f
f i c e p r o c e d u r e s o r c o lle c tio n o f in fo rm a tio n f r o m file s o r
o th e r o f f i c e s .
M a y sign rou tin e c o rre s p o n d e n c e in own o r
s u p e r v is o r 's n a m e.
c.
C o m p ile s o r a s s is ts in c o m p ilin g p e r io d ic
o f g e n e r a l in s tr u c tio n s .
d.
S c h ed u le s te n ta tiv e appointm ents without p r io r c le a r a n c e .
As
s e m b le s n e c e s s a r y b ack grou n d m a t e r ia l fo r sch ed u led m e e tin g s .
M a k e s a r ra n g e m e n ts fo r m e e tin g s and c o n fe r e n c e s .
e.
E x p la in s s u p e r v is o r 's r e q u ire m e n ts to o th e r e m p lo y e e s in s u p e r
v i s o r 's unit. (A ls o ty p e s , tak es d ic ta tio n , and f i l e s . )
D icta tio n in v o lv e s a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la ry
such as in le g a l b r ie f s o r r e p o rts on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h . M ay also set up
and m ain ta in f ile s , k e ep r e c o r d s , e tc .
r e p o rts on the b a s is
T h e fo llo w in g ta b u la tio n shows the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y f o r each
LS and L R c om b in a tio n :
L e v e l o f s e c r e t a r y 's
______ s u p e r v is o r ______
P e r f o r m s s te n o g ra p h ic duties re q u irin g s ig n ific a n tly g r e a te r in
depen den ce and r e s p o n s ib ilit y than s te n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l, as e vid en ced by
the fo llo w in g :
W o rk r e q u ir e s a high d e g r e e o f s te n o gra p h ic speed and
a c c u r a c y ; a th orou gh w o rk in g k n o w led g e o f g e n e r a l b u sin ess and o ffic e p r o
c e d u re ; and o f the s p e c ific b u sin ess o p e r a tio n s , o r g a n iz a tio n , p o lic ie s ,
p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o r k flo w , e tc . U s e s th is k n o w led g e in p e rfo r m in g s te n o
g ra p h ic duties and r e s p o n s ib le c le r ic a l ta s k s such as m ain tain in g fo llo w
up f ile s ; a s s e m b lin g m a t e r ia l f o r r e p o r ts , m em o ra n d a , and le tte r s ; c o m
p o s in g s im p le le t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l in s tru c tio n s ; rea d in g and routing in com in g
m a il; and a n sw erin g rou tin e q u e s tio n s , e tc .
T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P I S T
P r im a r y duty is to typ e copy o f v o ic e r e c o r d e d d icta tio n w h ich does
not in v o lv e v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y such as that used in
le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o rts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h . M ay a ls o ty p e fr o m w ritte n
cop y. M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , k e ep s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m o th er r e la t iv e ly
rou tin e c le r ic a l ta s k s .
(See S ten o g ra p h e r d e fin itio n fo r w o rk e rs in v o lv e d
w ith shorthand d ic ta tio n .)
L e v e l o f s e c r e t a r y 's r e s p o n s ib ilit y
T Y P IS T
L R —1
LS—1
,
LS—2.
LS—3.
LS —
4.
OR
C la s s
C la s s
C la s s
C la s s
E
D
C
B
L R —2
C la s s
C la s s
C la s s
C la s s
D
C
B
A
STENO G RAPH ER
P r i m a r y duty is to ta k e d icta tio n using shorthand, and to tr a n s c r ib e
th e d ic ta tio n .
M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r itte n copy.
M a y o p e r a te f r o m a
s te n o g r a p h ic p o o l.
M a y o c c a s io n a lly tr a n s c r ib e fr o m v o ic e r e c o rd in g s ( if
p r im a r y duty is t r a n s c r ib in g f r o m r e c o r d in g s , see T r a n s c r ib in g -M a c h in e
T y p is t ).
N O T E : T h is jo b is d is tin g u is h e d f r o m that of a s e c r e t a r y in that a
s e c r e t a r y n o r m a lly w o rk s in a c o n fid e n tia l re la tio n s h ip w ith on ly one m a n a g e r
o r e x e c u tiv e and p e r fo r m s m o r e re s p o n s ib le and d is c r e tio n a r y task s as
d e s c r ib e d in the s e c r e t a r y jo b d e fin itio n .
U s e s a t y p e w r it e r to m ak e co p ie s o f v a r io u s m a te r ia ls o r to m ake
out b ills a fte r c a lc u la tio n s have b een m ad e by an oth er p e rs o n . M ay include
ty p in g o f s te n c ils , m a ts , o r s im ila r m a te r ia ls fo r use in duplicating
p rocesses.
M a y do c l e r ic a l w o rk in v o lv in g lit t le s p e c ia l tra in in g , such
as k e ep in g s im p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r ts , o r s o rtin g and
d is trib u tin g in c o m in g m a il.
C la s s A . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f th e fo llo w in g : T yp in g m a te r ia l
in fin a l fo r m when it in v o lv e s c om b in in g m a t e r ia l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u rc e s ; o r
r e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r c o r r e c t s p e llin g , s y lla b ic a tio n , punctuation, e tc ., o f te c h
n ic a l o r unusual w o rd s o r fo r e ig n lan guage m a te r ia l; o r planning layout
and typ in g o f c o m p lic a te d s ta tis tic a l ta b le s to m a in ta in u n ifo rm ity and
b a la n ce in sp acin g.
M a y ty p e rou tin e fo r m le t t e r s , v a r y in g d eta ils to suit
c irc u m s ta n c e s .
C la s s B . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : C opy typing fr o m
rou gh o r c le a r d ra fts ; o r rou tin e ty p in g o f fo r m s , in s u ra n ce p o lic ie s , e tc .;
o r s e ttin g up s im p le s tan d a rd ta b u la tio n s; o r cop yin g m o r e co m p lex ta b le s
a lr e a d y set up and s p a c ed p r o p e r ly .
F IL E C L E R K
S te n o g ra p h e r, G e n e r a l
keep
D ic ta tio n in v o lv e s a n o r m a l rou tin e v o c a b u la ry . M a y m ain ta in f ile s ,
s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o th e r r e la t iv e ly rou tin e c le r ic a l ta s k s .
F i l e s , c la s s ifie s , and r e t r ie v e s m a t e r ia l in an e s ta b lis h e d filin g
s y s te m . M a y p e r fo r m c le r ic a l and m anual task s r e q u ir e d to m aintain file s .
P o s itio n s a re c la s s ifie d in to le v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g d e fin ition s .
FILE CLERK— Continued
ORDER CLERK— Continued
C la s s A . C la s s ifie s and in d e x e s f ile m a t e r ia l such as c o r r e s p o n d
e n ce, r e p o r ts , te c h n ic a l d ocu m en ts, e tc ., in an e s ta b lis h e d filin g s y s te m
con tainin g a n u m b er o f v a r ie d su b je ct m a tte r f ile s .
M a y a ls o f i l e this
m a te r ia l. M a y k e ep r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s typ es in con ju nction w ith the f ile s .
M ay le a d a s m a ll g ro u p o f lo w e r l e v e l f ile c le r k s .
adequacy o f in fo rm a tio n r e c o rd e d ; a s c e r ta in in g c r e d it ratin g o f c u s to m e r;
fu rn is h in g c u s to m e r w ith ack n o w led gem en t o f r e c e ip t o f o r d e r ; fo llo w in g - u p
to s ee that o r d e r is d e liv e r e d by the s p e c ifie d date o r to le t c u s to m e r know
o f a d ela y in d e liv e r y ; m ain ta in in g o r d e r f i l e ; ch eck in g shipping in v o ic e
a g a in s t o r ig in a l o r d e r .
C la s s B . S o r t s , c o d e s , and file s u n c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by s im p le
(s u b je ct m a t t e r ) h ead in gs o r p a r tly c la s s ifie d m a t e r ia l by fin e r su bheadings.
P r e p a r e s s im p le r e la te d in d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e aid s.
A s re q u e sted ,
lo c a te s c le a r ly id e n tifie d m a t e r ia l in f ile s and fo r w a r d s m a te r ia l. M ay p e r
fo r m r e la te d c l e r i c a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m ain ta in and s e r v ic e f ile s .
E xclu d e w o rk e rs paid on a c o m m is s io n b a s is o r w h ose duties in clu d e
any o f the fo llo w in g : R e c e iv in g o r d e r s f o r s e r v ic e s r a th e r than fo r m a t e r ia l
o r m e rc h a n d is e ; p ro v id in g cu s to m e rs w ith c o n s u lta tiv e a d v ic e using k n o w l
ed ge g a in e d fr o m e n g in e e rin g or e x te n s iv e te c h n ic a l tr a in in g ; e m p h a s izin g
s e llin g s k ills ; handling m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e as an in t e g r a l p a rt o f the jo b .
C la s s C . P e r f o r m s rou tin e filin g o f m a t e r ia l that has a lr e a d y b een
c la s s ifie d o r w h ich is e a s ily c la s s ifie d in a s im p le s e r ia l c la s s ific a t io n
s y s te m (e . g . , a lp h a b e tic a l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l).
A s r e q u e s te d ,
lo c a te s r e a d ily a v a ila b le m a t e r ia l in f ile s and fo r w a r d s m a te r ia l; and m ay
f i l l out w ith d ra w a l c h a rg e . M a y p e r fo r m s im p le c le r ic a l and m anual tasks
re q u ire d to m ain ta in and s e r v ic e f ile s .
P o s itio n s
d e fin itio n s :
M ESSENGER
P e r f o r m s v a r io u s rou tin e duties such as running e rr a n d s , o p e ra tin g
m in o r o f f ic e m a c h in e s such as s e a le r s o r m a ile r s , opening and d is trib u tin g
m a il, and o th e r m in o r c le r ic a l w o rk . E x c lu d e p o s itio n s that r e q u ir e o p e ra tio n
o f a m o to r v e h ic le as a s ig n ific a n t duty.
a re
c la s s ifie d
into
le v e ls
a c c o r d in g
to
the
fo llo w in g
C la s s A . Handles o r d e r s that in v o lv e m ak in g ju d gm en ts such as
ch o osin g w h ich s p e c ific p rod u ct o r m a t e r ia l f r o m the e s ta b lis h m e n t's p ro d u ct
lin e s w ill s a tis fy the c u s to m e r's n e e d s , o r d e te rm in in g the p r ic e to be quoted
when p r ic in g in v o lv e s m o r e than m e r e ly r e f e r r in g to a p r ic e lis t o r m ak in g
som e s im p le m a th e m a tic a l c a lc u la tio n s .
C la s s B . H andles o r d e r s in v o lv in g ite m s w h ich have r e a d ily id e n
t if ie d uses and a p p lic a tion s . M ay r e f e r to a c a ta lo g , m a n u fa c tu re r 's m an u al,
o r s im ila r docum ent to in su re that p r o p e r ite m is s u p p lied o r to v e r i f y
p r ic e o f o r d e re d ite m .
A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K
S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R
O p e ra te s a te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd o r co n so le used w ith a p r iv a te
b ra n ch exch a n g e (P B X ) s y s te m to r e la y in c o m in g , o u tgo in g , and in tr a s y s te m
c a lls .
M a y p r o v id e in fo rm a tio n to c a lle r s , r e c o r d and tr a n s m it m e s s a g e s ,
keep r e c o r d o f c a lls p la c e d and t o ll c h a r g e s . B e s id e s o p e ra tin g a telep h on e
s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le , m a y a ls o ty p e o r p e r fo r m rou tin e c l e r ic a l w o rk
(typ in g o r rou tin e c l e r ic a l w o rk m a y occu p y the m a jo r p o rtio n o f the w o r k e r 's
tim e , and is u s u a lly p e r fo r m e d w h ile at the s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le ). C h ie f o r
lead o p e r a to r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one o p e r a to r a re
exclu d ed . F o r an o p e r a to r who a ls o acts as a r e c e p tio n is t, s e e S w itch b oa rd
Ope r ato r - R e c e p tio n i s t .
S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T
A t a s in g le - p o s itio n te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le , acts both as
an o p e r a to r — s e e S w itc h b o a rd O p e r a to r — and as a r e c e p tio n is t. R e c e p tio n is t's
w o rk in v o lv e s such d u ties as g r e e tin g v is it o r s ; d e te rm in in g natu re o f v i s i t o r 's
b u sin ess and p r o v id in g a p p ro p ria te in fo rm a tio n ; r e f e r r in g v is it o r to a p p ro
p ria te p e rs o n in the o r g a n iz a tio n o r c on tactin g that p e rs o n by te le p h o n e and
a rra n g in g an ap p oin tm en t; k e ep in g a lo g o f v is it o r s .
ORDER C LERK
R e c e iv e s w r itte n o r v e r b a l c u s to m e r s ' p u rch ase o r d e r s f o r m a t e r ia l
o r m e r c h a n d is e f r o m c u s to m e rs o r s a le s p e o p le .
W o rk ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s
som e com b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g d u ties: Q uoting p r ic e s ; d e te rm in in g a v a ila
b ilit y o f o r d e r e d ite m s and s u g g e s tin g su bstitu tes when n e c e s s a r y ; a d v is in g
e x p e c te d d e liv e r y date and m eth od o f d e liv e r y ; r e c o r d in g o r d e r and c u s to m e r
in fo rm a tio n on o r d e r s h e e ts ; ch eck in g o r d e r sh eets f o r a c c u r a c y and
P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e accou n ting c l e r i c a l task s such as p o s tin g to
r e g is t e r s and le d g e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank accou n ts; v e r if y in g the in te r n a l c on
s is te n c y , c o m p le te n e s s , and m a th e m a tic a l a c c u r a c y o f accou n ting d ocu m en ts;
a s s ig n in g p r e s c r ib e d accounting d is trib u tio n c o d e s ; ex a m in in g and v e r if y in g
fo r c le r ic a l a c c u ra c y v a rio u s ty p es o f r e p o r t s , l is t s , c a lc u la tio n s , p o s tin g ,
e tc .; o r p re p a rin g s im p le o r a s s is tin g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a te d jo u rn a l
v o u c h e rs .
M ay w o rk in e ith e r a m anual o r au tom ated accou n tin g s y s te m .
T h e w o rk re q u ire s a k n o w le d g e o f c l e r i c a l m eth od s and o ffic e
p r a c t ic e s and p ro c e d u re s w h ich r e la te s to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s in g and r e
c o rd in g o f tra n s a c tio n s and accounting in fo rm a tio n .
W ith e x p e r ie n c e , the
w o r k e r ty p ic a lly b e co m e s fa m ilia r w ith the b oo k k eep in g and accou n ting te r m s
and p ro c e d u r e s used in the a s s ig n e d w o r k , but is not r e q u ir e d to have a
k n o w led g e o f the fo r m a l p rin c ip le s o f b o o k k e e p in g and accoun ting.
P o s itio n s
d e fin itio n s :
a re
c la s s ifie d
into
le v e l s
on the
b a s is
o f the fo llo w in g
C lass A . U n d er g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s accoun ting c l e r i c a l
o p e ra tio n s w h ich r e q u ire the a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m en t, fo r
e x a m p le , c le r ic a lly p r o c e s s in g c o m p lic a te d o r n o n r e p e titiv e accou n tin g t r a n s
a c tio n s , s e le c tin g am ong a su b stan tial v a r ie t y o f p r e s c r ib e d accou n ting codes
and c la s s ific a t io n s , o r tr a c in g tr a n s a c tio n s th rou gh p re v io u s accou n ting
a ction s to d e te rm in e so u rc e o f d is c r e p a n c ie s .
M a y be a s s is te d b y one o r
m o r e c la s s B accounting c le rk s .
C lass B .
U n der c lo s e s u p e rv is io n , fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s
and s ta n d a rd ize d p ro c e d u r e s , p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e rou tin e accou n tin g
c l e r i c a l o p e ra tio n s , such as p ostin g to le d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o rk s h e e ts
ACCOUNTING CLERK— Continued
P A Y R O L L CLERK— Continued
w h e r e id e n tific a tio n o f ite m s and lo c a tio n s o f p ostin gs a re c le a r ly in d ica ted ;
c h eck in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p le te n e s s o f sta n d a rd ize d and r e p e titiv e r e c o rd s
o r accou n tin g d ocu m en ts; and cod ing docum ents using a fe w p r e s c r ib e d
accou n tin g co d e s .
lis tin g s a g ain st s o u rc e r e c o r d s ; tr a c in g and c o r r e c tin g e r r o r s in lis tin g s ;
and a s s is tin g in p re p a r a tio n o f p e r io d ic s u m m a ry p a y r o ll r e p o r ts . In a nonautom ated p a y r o ll s y s te m , com putes w a g e s . W o rk m a y r e q u ire a p r a c tic a l
k n o w led g e o f g o v e rn m e n ta l r e g u la tio n s , com pany p a y r o ll p o lic y , o r the
co m p u te r s y s te m f o r p r o c e s s in g p a y r o lls .
B O O K K E E P IN G - M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R
O p e ra te s a b o o k k e e p in g m ach in e (w ith o r without a t y p e w r it e r k e y
b o a r d ) to k e ep a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s tra n s a c tio n s .
C la s s A . K e e p s a set o f r e c o rd s re q u irin g a k n o w le d g e o f and
e x p e r ie n c e in b a s ic b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s , and f a m ilia r it y w ith the stru c tu re
o f the p a r tic u la r accou n tin g s y s te m used.
D e te rm in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and
d is trib u tio n o f d eb it and c r e d it ite m s to be used in each phase o f the w o rk .
M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , b alan ce s h e e ts , and o th e r r e c o r d s by hand.
C la s s B . K e e p s a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e phases o r s e ctio n s o f a
s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g little kn ow ledge o f b a s ic b ookk eep in g. P h a ses
o r s e c tio n s in c lu d e accoun ts p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s to m e rs * accounts (not in
cluding a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d under m achine b i l l e r ) , cost d is
tr ib u tio n , e x p e n s e d is trib u tio n , in v e n to ry c o n tro l, e tc . M ay check o r a s s is t
in p r e p a r a tio n o f t r i a l b a la n ce s and p re p a r e c o n tro l sheets f o r the accounting
d e p a rtm e n t.
M A C H IN E B I L L E R
P r e p a r e s s ta te m e n ts , b ills , and in v o ic e s on a m achine o th e r than
an o r d in a r y o r e le c t r o m a t ic t y p e w r it e r . M ay a lso k eep r e c o r d s as to b illin g s
o r ship p ing c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o th e r c le r ic a l w o rk in c id e n ta l to b illin g
o p e r a tio n s . F o r w a g e study p u rp o s e s , m achine b ille r s a r e c la s s ifie d by type
o f m a c h in e , as fo llo w s :
B illin g - m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a s p e c ia l b illin g m ach in e (c o m b in atio n
ty p in g and adding m a c h in e ) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s f r o m c u s to m e rs *
p u rch a s e o r d e r s , in t e r n a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , shipping m e m o ra n d a , e tc .
U s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a tio n o f p re d e te rm in e d discounts and shipping c h a rg es
and e n tr y o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s io n s , w h ich m ay o r m ay not be com puted on
the b illin g m a c h in e , and to ta ls w h ich a re a u to m a tic a lly accu m u lated by
m a c h in e . T h e o p e r a tio n u su ally in v o lv e s a la r g e num ber o f carb o n c op ies o f
the b i l l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is o fte n done on a fan fo ld m ach in e.
KEY ENTRY O PERATO R
O p e ra te s k e y b o a r d -c o n tr o lle d data e n try d e v ic e such as keypunch
m ach in e o r k e y - o p e r a te d m a g n e tic tap e o r d isk e n c o d e r to tr a n s c r ib e
data into a fo r m su itab le fo r c om p u te r p r o c e s s in g . W o rk re q u ire s s k ill in
o p e ra tin g an a lp h a n u m eric k e y b o a rd and an u n derstandin g o f tr a n s c r ib in g
p ro c e d u r e s and r e le v a n t data e n try equ ip m en t.
P o s itio n s
d e fin itio n s :
a re
c la s s ifie d
into
l e v e ls
on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g
C la s s A . W o rk r e q u ire s the a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e rie n c e and judgm ent
in s e le c tin g p ro c e d u r e s to be fo llo w e d and in s e a rc h in g f o r , in te r p re tin g ,
s e le c tin g , o r coding ite m s to be e n te r e d fr o m a v a r ie t y o f s o u rc e docum ents.
On o c c a s io n m a y a ls o p e r fo r m rou tin e w o rk as d e s c r ib e d fo r class B.
N O T E : E xclu d ed a re o p e r a to r s above c la s s A using the k e y en try
c o n tro ls to a c c e s s , re a d , and e valu ate the substance o f s p e c ific r e c o rd s to
take su b stan tive a c tio n s , o r to m ake e n tr ie s re q u irin g a s im ila r le v e l o f
k n o w led g e.
C la s s B . W o rk is routin e and r e p e titiv e . U n d er c lo s e s u p e rv is io n
o r fo llo w in g s p e c ific p ro c e d u r e s o r d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s , w o rk s fr o m
v a r io u s s ta n d a rd ize d s o u rc e docum ents w h ich have b een coded and req u ire
lit t le o r no s e le c tin g , c od in g, o r in te r p re tin g o f data to be e n te re d . R e fe r s
to s u p e r v is o r p ro b le m s a r is in g f r o m e rro n e o u s ite m s , c o d e s , o r m is s in g
in fo rm a tio n .
Professional and Technical
C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS
B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a b ookkeeping m ach in e (w ith o r
w ith ou t a t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a rd ) to p re p a r e c u s to m e rs ' b ills as p a rt o f the
accoun ts r e c e iv a b le o p e r a tio n . G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s the sim u ltaneou s e n try o f
fig u r e s on c u s to m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . T he m achine a u to m a tic a lly accu m u lates
fig u r e s on a n u m b er o f v e r t i c a l colum ns and com putes and u su ally p rin ts
a u to m a tic a lly the debit o r c r e d it b a la n ce s .
Does not in v o lv e a k n ow ledge
o f b o o k k e e p in g .
W o rk s f r o m u n ifo rm and standard typ es o f s a le s and
c r e d it s lip s .
P A Y R O L L C LERK
P e r f o r m s the c le r i c a l ta s k s n e c e s s a r y to p ro c e s s p a y r o lls and to
m a in ta in p a y r o ll r e c o r d s . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P r o c e s s in g
w o r k e r s ' tim e o r p ro d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; adjustin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s fo r changes
in w a g e r a te s , s u p p lem e n ta ry b e n e fits , o r ta x dedu ctions; e d itin g p a y r o ll
A n a ly z e s b u sin ess p ro b le m s to fo rm u la te p ro c e d u r e s fo r s o lv in g
th em by use o f e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g equ ip m en t. D e v elo p s a com p lete
d e s c r ip tio n o f a ll s p e c ific a tio n s n eed ed to en ab le p r o g r a m m e r s to p re p a re
r e q u ir e d d ig ita l com p u ter p r o g r a m s . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g :
A n a ly z e s s u b je c t-m a tte r o p e ra tio n s to be autom ated and id e n tifie s conditions
and c r it e r ia r e q u ir e d to a c h ie v e s a tis fa c to r y r e s u lts ; s p e c ifie s nu m ber and
ty p es o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and docum ents to be used; ou tlin e s actions to be
p e r fo r m e d by p e rs o n n e l and c om p u ters in s u ffic ie n t d e ta il f o r p re s e n ta tio n
to m a n agem en t and fo r p ro g r a m m in g (ty p ic a lly th is in v o lv e s p re p a ra tio n o f
w o rk and data flo w c h a rts ); c o o rd in a te s the d e ve lo p m e n t o f te s t p ro b le m s and
p a r tic ip a te s in t r i a l runs o f n ew and r e v is e d s y s te m s ; and reco m m en d s
equipm en t changes to obtain m o r e e ffe c t iv e o v e r a ll o p e ra tio n s .
(N O T E :
W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g both s ys te m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m in g should be
c la s s ifie d as s y s te m s an alysts i f th is is the s k ill used to d e te rm in e th e ir pay.)
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESS— Continued
COMPUTER PROGRAMMER, BUSINESS— Continued
D oes not inclu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily re s p o n s ib le f o r the m an
agem en t o r s u p e rv is io n o f o th e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s ,
o r s y s te m s an a lysts p r im a r ily c o n ce rn e d w ith s c ie n tific o r e n g in e e rin g
p ro b le m s .
lan gu a ge, cause the m an ipu lation o f data to a c h ie v e d e s ir e d r e s u lts . W o rk
in v o lv e s m ost o f the fo llo w in g : A p p lie s k n o w le d g e o f c om p u te r c a p a
b ilit ie s , m a th e m a tic s , lo g ic e m p lo y e d by c o m p u te rs , and p a r tic u la r sub
je c t m a tte r in v o lv e d to an a lyze ch a rts and d ia g ra m s o f the p r o b le m to
be p ro g ra m m e d ; d evelo p s sequ ence o f p r o g r a m s te p s; w r ite s d e ta ile d flo w
ch arts to show o r d e r in w h ich data w i l l be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e rts th es e
ch arts to coded in stru ctio n s f o r m a ch in e to fo llo w ; te s ts and c o r r e c t s
p r o g r a m s ; p re p a re s in stru ctio n s fo r o p e r a tin g p e rs o n n e l d uring p ro d u c tio n
run; a n a ly z e s , r e v ie w s , and a lte r s p r o g r a m s to in c r e a s e o p e ra tin g e f f i
c ie n c y o r adapt to n ew r e q u ire m e n ts ; m a in ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e
v e lo p m e n t and r e v is io n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g both s y s te m s a n a l
y s is and p ro g ra m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as s y s te m s an a lysts i f th is is
the s k ill used to d e te rm in e th e ir p a y .)
F o r w age study p u rposes, s ys te m s an alysts a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s :
C la s s A . W o rk s in d ep en d en tly o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on
c o m p lex p ro b le m s in v o lv in g a ll phases o f s ys te m s a n a ly s is . P r o b le m s a re
c o m p le x b eca u se o f d iv e r s e s o u rc e s o f input data and m u ltip le -u s e r e q u ir e
m en ts o f output data.
( F o r e x a m p le , d e ve lo p s an in te g r a te d p ro d u ction
sch ed u lin g, in v e n to ry c o n tro l, cost a n a ly s is , and s a le s a n a lys is r e c o r d in
w h ich e v e r y ite m o f each typ e is a u to m a tic a lly p r o c e s s e d th rou gh the fu ll
s y s te m o f r e c o r d s and a p p ro p ria te fo llo w u p action s a re in itia te d by the
c o m p u te r.) C o n fe rs w ith p e rs o n s co n ce rn e d to d e te rm in e the data p r o c e s s in g
p ro b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t-m a tte r p e rs o n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f new o r
r e v is e d s y s te m s o f data p r o c e s s in g o p e ra tio n s . M ak es r e c o m m e n d a tio n s , i f
n eed ed , f o r a p p ro v a l o f m a jo r s ys te m s in s ta lla tio n s o r changes and fo r
ob tain in g equ ip m en t.
Does not include e m p lo y e e s p r i m a r i l y re s p o n s ib le fo r the m a n
agem en t o r s u p e rv is io n o f o th e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s ,
o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r im a r ily c o n ce rn e d w ith s c ie n t ific and/or e n g in e e rin g
p r o b le m s .
F o r w age study p u rp o s es , p r o g r a m m e r s
M a y p ro v id e fu n ctio n al
who a re a s s ig n e d to a s s is t.
d ir e c tio n to lo w e r
a r e c la s s ifie d
as
fo llo w s :
l e v e l s y s te m s an alysts
C la s s B . W o rk s in d ep en d en tly o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on
p ro b le m s that a re r e la t iv e ly u n co m p licated to a n a ly z e , plan, p r o g r a m , and
o p e ra te . P r o b le m s a re o f lim ite d c o m p le x ity b eca u se s o u rc e s o f input data
a re hom ogen eou s and the output data a re c lo s e ly r e la te d .
(F o r e x a m p le ,
d e ve lo p s s y s te m s f o r m a in ta in in g d e p o s ito r accounts in a bank, m ain ta in in g
accounts r e c e iv a b le in a r e t a il e s ta b lis h m en t, o r m ain ta in in g in v e n to ry
accounts in a m an u factu rin g o r w h o le s a le e s ta b lis h m e n t.)
C o n fe rs w ith
p e rs o n s c o n ce rn e d to d e te rm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p ro b le m s and a d v is e s
s u b je c t- m a tte r p e rs o n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f the data p r o c e s s in g sys te m s
to be a p p lied .
OR
W o rk s on a segm e n t o f a c o m p le x data p r o c e s s in g sch em e o r
s y s te m , as d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A . W o rk s in d ep en d en tly on rou tin e a s s ig n
m en ts and r e c e iv e s in s tru c tio n and guidance on c o m p le x a s s ig n m e n ts . W o rk
is r e v ie w e d fo r a c c u r a c y o f ju d gm en t, co m p lia n c e w ith in s tru c tio n s , and to
in s u re p r o p e r alig n m en t w ith the o v e r a ll s y s te m .
C la ss A . W o rk s in d ep en d en tly o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n
on c o m p le x p ro b lem s w h ich r e q u ir e c o m p eten c e in a ll phases o f p r o
g ra m m in g concepts and p r a c t ic e s .
W o rk in g f r o m d ia g ra m s and ch arts
w h ich id e n tify the nature o f d e s ir e d r e s u lt s , m a jo r p r o c e s s in g step s to
be a c c o m p lish e d , and the re la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r io u s step s o f the p r o b
le m s o lv in g routin e; plans the fu ll ran ge o f p r o g r a m m in g actio n s n eed ed
to e ffic ie n t ly u tiliz e the com p u ter s y s te m in a c h ie v in g d e s ir e d end p ro d u c ts .
A t this le v e l, p ro g r a m m in g is d iffic u lt b e ca u s e c om p u te r e q u ip
m en t m ust be o rg a n ize d to p ro d u ce s e v e r a l in t e r r e la t e d but d iv e r s e p r o d
ucts fr o m num erous and d iv e r s e data e le m e n ts .
A w id e v a r ie t y and e x
te n s iv e num ber o f in te rn a l p r o c e s s in g a c tio n s m u st o c c u r.
T h is r e q u ir e s
such actions as d evelo p m en t o f com m on o p e ra tio n s w h ich can be r e
used, e s tab lish m en t o f lin k age p oin ts b e tw e e n o p e r a tio n s , ad ju stm ents to
data when p ro g r a m re q u ire m e n ts e x c e e d c o m p u te r s to r a g e c a p a c ity , and
su b stan tial m anipulation and r e s e q u e n c in g o f data e le m e n ts to f o r m a
h ig h ly in teg ra te d p ro g r a m .
M ay p ro v id e fu n ction al d ir e c tio n
a re assign ed to a s s is t.
to lo w e r l e v e l
p r o g r a m m e r s who
C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS
C lass B . W o rk s in d ep en d en tly o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on
r e la t iv e ly sim p le p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le s e g m e n ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s .
P r o g r a m s (o r s e g m e n ts ) u sually p r o c e s s in fo r m a tio n to p ro d u ce data in tw o
o r th re e v a r ie d sequences o r fo r m a ts . R e p o rts and lis tin g s a re p ro d u ced by
r e fin in g , adapting, a r ra y in g , o r m ak in g m in o r add ition s to o r d e letio n s f r o m
input data w h ich a re r e a d ily a v a ila b le .
W h ile n u m erou s r e c o r d s m a y be
p r o c e s s e d , the data have been r e fin e d in p r i o r a ctio n s so th at the a c c u ra c y
and sequencing o f data can be te s te d b y using a fe w rou tin e c h eck s. T y p ic a lly ,
the p r o g r a m d eals w ith routine r e c o rd k e e p in g o p e r a tio n s .
C o n v e rts statem en ts o f b u sin ess p r o b le m s , ty p ic a lly p re p a r e d by a
s y s te m s a n a lys t, into a sequence o f d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s w h ich a re r e
q u ire d to s o lv e the p ro b le m s by au tom atic data p r o c e s s in g equipm en t.
W o rk in g fr o m ch arts o r d ia g ra m s , the p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s the p r e
c is e in s tru c tio n s w h ich , when e n te r e d into the c om p u te r s y s te m in coded
W o rk s on c o m p lex p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A ) under
c lo s e d ire c tio n o f a h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r .
M a y a s s is t
h ig h e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r by in d ep en d en tly p e r fo r m in g le s s d iffic u lt task s
a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g m o r e d iffic u lt task s under f a i r l y c lo s e d ire c tio n .
C la s s C . W o rk s under im m e d ia te s u p e rv is io n , c a r r y in g out a n alyses
as a s s ig n e d , u su ally o f a s in g le a c tiv ity .
A s s ig n m e n ts a re d e sig n e d to
d e v e lo p and expand p r a c t ic a l e x p e r ie n c e in the a p p lic a tio n o f p ro c e d u r e s and
s k ills r e q u ire d fo r s y s te m s a n a ly s is w o rk . F o r e x a m p le , m a y a s s is t a h ig h e r
l e v e l s y s te m s an alyst by p re p a r in g the d e ta ile d s p e c ific a tio n s r e q u ir e d by
p r o g r a m m e r s f r o m in fo rm a tio n d e v e lo p e d by the h ig h e r l e v e l an alyst.
OR
COMPUTER PROGRAMMER, BUSINESS— Continued
COMPUTER OPERATOR— Continued
M ay gu id e o r in s tr u c t lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s .
C la s s C . M a k e s p r a c t ic a l ap p lication s o f p ro g r a m m in g p r a c t ic e s
and con cep ts u s u a lly le a r n e d in fo r m a l tra in in g c o u rs e s .
A s s ig n m e n ts
a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p c o m p eten c e in the a p p lication o f stan dard p r o
c e d u re s to rou tin e p r o b le m s .
R e c e iv e s c lo s e s u p e rv is io n on new asp ects
o f a s s ig n m e n ts ; and w o r k is r e v ie w e d to v e r if y its a c c u ra c y and c o n fo rm a n ce
w ith r e q u ir e d p r o c e d u r e s .
CO M PUTER O PE RATO R
In a c c o r d a n c e w ith o p e r a tin g in s tru c tio n s , m o n ito rs and o p e ra te s
the c o n tro l c o n so le o f a d ig it a l c om p u te r to p ro c e s s data. E x e c u te s runs by
e ith e r s e r ia l p r o c e s s in g (p r o c e s s e s one p r o g r a m at a t im e ) o r m u lti
p r o c e s s in g (p r o c e s s e s tw o o r m o r e p ro g r a m s s im u lta n e o u s ly). T h e fo llo w in g
duties c h a r a c t e r iz e the w o r k o f a com p u ter o p e ra to r:
- Stu d ies
n eed ed .
o p e r a tin g
- L o a d s eq u ip m en t
p a p e r, e t c .).
in s tru c tio n s
with
to
re q u ire d
d e te rm in e
ite m s
equ ip m en t
(ta p e s ,
ca rd s,
setup
d is k s ,
- S w itc h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x illia r y equipm en t into s y s te m .
- S ta rts and o p e r a te s com p u ter.
C la s s B . In ad d ition to e s ta b lis h e d p ro d u c tio n runs, w o rk a s s ig n
m en ts in clu d e runs in v o lv in g new p r o g r a m s , a p p lic a tio n s , and p ro c e d u re s
(i . e . , situ ation s w h ich r e q u ir e the o p e r a to r to adapt to a v a r ie t y o f p ro b le m s ).
A t th is l e v e l, the o p e r a to r has the tr a in in g and e x p e rie n c e to w o rk f a ir ly
in d ep en d en tly in c a r r y in g out m o s t a s s ig n m e n ts . A s s ig n m e n ts m ay req u ire
the o p e r a to r to s e le c t f r o m a v a r ie t y o f stan dard setup and o p era tin g
p ro c e d u r e s .
In resp on d in g to co m p u te r output in s tru c tio n s o r e r r o r con
d itio n s , a p p lie s stan d a rd o p e ra tin g o r c o r r e c t iv e p ro c e d u r e s , but m ay
d e via te fr o m stan dard p ro c e d u r e s when stan dard p ro c e d u r e s f a il i f d evia tion
does not m a t e r ia lly a lt e r the com p u ter unit's p ro d u ction p lan s. R e fe r s the
p r o b le m o r ab orts the p r o g r a m w hen p ro c e d u r e s ap p lied do not p ro v id e a
solu tion . M a y guide lo w e r l e v e l o p e r a to r s .
C la s s C . W o rk as s ign m e n ts a re lim ite d to e s ta b lis h e d prod u ction
runs (i . e . , p r o g r a m s w h ich p re s e n t fe w o p e ra tin g p r o b le m s ).
A ssign m en ts
m a y c o n sis t p r im a r ily o f o n -th e -jo b tra in in g (s o m e tim e s augm ented by
c la s s r o o m in s tr u c tio n ). W hen le a r n in g to run p r o g r a m s , the s u p e rv is o r o r a
h ig h e r le v e l o p e r a to r p r o v id e s d e ta ile d w r itte n o r o r a l guidance to the
o p e r a to r b e fo r e and du ring the run. A f t e r the o p e r a to r has gained e x p e rie n c e
w ith a p r o g r a m , h o w e v e r , the o p e r a to r w o rk s f a i r l y independently in
ap p lyin g stan dard o p e ra tin g o r c o r r e c t iv e p r o c e d u r e s in responding to
c o m p u te r output in s tru c tio n s o r e r r o r con d ition s, but r e fe r s p ro b lem s to a
h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a to r o r the s u p e r v is o r when stan dard p ro c e d u re s fa il.
P E R I P H E R A L E Q U IP M E N T O P E R A T O R
- R esp on d s to o p e r a tin g and com p u ter output in s tru c tio n s .
- R e v ie w s e r r o r m e s s a g e s and m akes c o r r e c tio n s d uring o p e ra tio n
o r r e f e r s p r o b le m s .
O p e ra te s p e r ip h e r a l equ ip m en t w h i c h d ir e c t ly supports d ig ita l
c o m p u te r o p e r a tio n s . Such equ ip m en t is un iquely and s p e c ific a lly design ed
f o r c o m p u te r a p p lic a tio n s , but n eed not be p h y s ic a lly o r e le c t r o n ic a lly
con n ected to a c o m p u te r.
P r i n t e r s , p lo tt e r s , c a rd rea d/ p u n ch es, tape
r e a d e r s , tap e units o r d r iv e s , disk units o r d r iv e s , and data d isp la y units
a re e x a m p le s o f such equ ip m en t.
- M a in ta in s o p e r a tin g r e c o r d .
M a y te s t- r u n n ew o r m o d ifie d p ro g r a m s . M a y a s s is t in m o d ify in g
s y s te m s o r p r o g r a m s .
T h e s c o p e o f this d e fin itio n includes tr a in e e s w o rk in g
to b e c o m e f u lly q u a lifie d c o m p u te r o p e r a to r s , fu lly q u a lifie d c om p u te r
o p e r a to r s , and le a d o p e r a to r s p ro v id in g te c h n ica l a s s is ta n c e to lo w e r l e v e l
o p e r a to r s . It ex c lu d e s w o r k e r s who m o n ito r and o p e ra te r e m o te te r m in a ls .
T h e fo llo w in g duties c h a r a c te r iz e the w o rk o f a p e r ip h e r a l equipm ent
o p e r a to r :
C la s s A . In a d d ition to w o rk assign m en ts d e s c r ib e d f o r a c la s s B
o p e r a to r (s e e b e lo w ) the w o rk o f a c la s s A o p e r a to r in v o lv e s at le a s t one
o f the fo llo w in g :
- L o a d in g p r in te r s and p lo tte r s w ith c o r r e c t p a p e r; adjusting
c o n tro ls f o r f o r m s , th ic k n e s s , te n s io n , p rin tin g d en sity , and
lo c a tio n ; and unloading h ard copy.
- D e v ia te s f r o m s tan d a rd p ro c e d u re s to avoid the lo s s o f in f o r
m a tio n o r to c o n s e r v e com p u ter tim e even though the p ro c e d u r e s
ap p lie d m a t e r ia lly a lt e r the com p u ter unit's p ro d u ction p lan s.
- L a b e llin g tap e r e e ls , d is k s , o r c a rd d eck s.
- T e s t s new p r o g r a m s , a p p lic a tio n s , and p ro c e d u r e s .
- S ettin g c o n tro ls w h ich re g u la te o p e ra tio n o f the equipm en t.
- A d v is e s p r o g r a m m e r s
te c h n iq u e s .
and
s u b je c t-m a tte r
e x p e rts
on
- C heckin g la b e ls and m ounting and d ism ou ntin g
r e e ls o r d isk s on s p e c ifie d units o r d r iv e s .
setup
- O b s e r v in g p a n el lig h ts f o r w a rn in gs
ta k in g a p p ro p ria te action .
- A s s is t s in (1 ) m a in ta in in g , m o d ify in g , and d e v e lo p in g o p e ra tin g
s y s te m s o r p r o g r a m s ; (2) d e ve lo p in g o p e ra tin g in s tru c tio n s and
te c h n iq u e s to c o v e r p r o b le m situ ation s; and/or (3 ) sw itch in g to
e m e r g e n c y backup p ro c e d u r e s (such a s s is ta n c e r e q u ir e s a w o rk in g
k n o w le d g e o f p r o g r a m lan gu a ge, com p u ter fe a tu r e s , and s o ftw a re
s y s t e m s ).
An
o p e r a to r at th is l e v e l
ty p ic a lly guides
lo w e r
and
erro r
d esign a ted tape
in d icatio n s and
- E xa m in in g ta p e s , c a r d s , o r o th e r m a t e r ia l fo r c r e a s e s ,
o r o th e r d e fe c ts w h ich could cause p r o c e s s in g p ro b le m s .
tea rs,
T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x c lu d e s w o r k e r s (1 ) who m o n ito r and o p e ra te a
c o n tro l c o n so le (s e e co m p u te r o p e r a to r ) o r a r e m o te te r m in a l, o r (2) w hose
duties a r e lim ite d to o p e r a tin g d e c o lla t e r s , b u r s t e r s , s e p a r a to r s , o r s im ila r
equ ip m en t.
l e v e l o p e r a to r s .
33
COMPUTER D ATA LIBRARIAN
ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN
M ain tain s lib r a r y o f m e d ia (ta p e s , d is k s , c a r d s , c a s s e t te s ) used
fo r au tom atic data p r o c e s s in g a p p lic a tio n s . T h e fo llo w in g o r s im ila r duties
c h a r a c te r iz e the w o rk o f a c o m p u te r data lib r a r ia n : C la s s ify in g , c a ta lo g in g ,
and s to r in g m e d ia in a c c o rd a n c e w ith a s ta n d a rd ize d s y s te m ; upon p r o p e r
r e q u e s ts , r e le a s in g m e d ia fo r p r o c e s s in g ; m a in ta in in g r e c o r d s o f r e le a s e s
and retu rn s ; in s p e c tin g retu rn e d m e d ia f o r dam age o r e x c e s s iv e w e a r to
d e te rm in e w h e th e r o r not th ey n eed r e p la c in g . M a y p e r fo r m m in o r r e p a ir s
to d am aged ta p e s .
W ork s on v a rio u s typ es o f e le c t r o n ic equ ip m en t and r e la te d d e v ic e s
by p e r fo r m in g one o r a com b in ation o f the fo llo w in g : In s ta llin g , m a in ta in in g ,
r e p a ir in g , o v e rh a u lin g, tro u b le s h o o tin g , m o d ify in g , c o n s tru c tin g , and te s tin g .
W o rk re q u ire s p r a c t ic a l ap p lica tion o f te c h n ic a l k n o w led g e o f e le c t r o n ic s
p r in c ip le s , a b ility to d e te rm in e m a lfu n c tio n s , and s k ill to put equ ip m en t in
re q u ire d o p e ra tin g con dition.
T h e equipm ent— con sistin g o f e it h e r m any d iffe r e n t kinds o f c irc u its
o r m u ltip le rep e titio n o f the sam e kind o f c ir c u it— in c lu d e s , but is not lim ite d
to , the fo llo w in g : (a ) E le c tr o n ic tr a n s m ittin g and r e c e iv in g equ ip m en t (e .g .,
r a d a r, ra d io , t e le v is io n , telep h on e, s o n a r, n a v ig a tio n a l a id s ), (b ) d ig it a l and
an alog co m p u te rs , and (c ) in d u s tria l and m e d ic a l m e a s u rin g and c o n tro llin g
equ ip m en t.
D RAFTER
C la s s A . P la n s the g ra p h ic p re s e n ta tio n o f c o m p le x ite m s having
d is tin c tiv e d e s ig n fe a tu re s that d if fe r s ig n ific a n tly fr o m e s ta b lis h e d d ra ftin g
p re c e d e n ts .
W o rk s in c lo s e support w ith the d e sig n o r ig in a t o r , and m ay
rec o m m e n d m in o r d e sig n ch an ges. A n a ly z e s the e ffe c t o f each change on the
d e ta ils o f f o r m , function, and p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s o f com ponen ts and
p a rts . W o rk s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s is ta n c e . C o m p le te d w o rk
is r e v ie w e d by d esig n o r ig in a to r f o r c o n s is te n c y w ith p r io r e n g in e e rin g
d e te rm in a tio n s . M a y e ith e r p r e p a r e d ra w in g s o r d ir e c t t h e ir p re p a r a tio n by
lo w e r l e v e l d r a ft e r s .
T h is c la s s ific a tio n exclu d es r e p a ir e r s o f such stan dard e le c t r o n ic
equ ip m en t as com m on o ffic e m ach in es and hou seh old ra d io and t e le v is io n
s e ts ; p rod u ction a s s e m b le rs and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duty is
s e r v ic in g e le c tr o n ic te s t in s tru m e n ts ; te c h n ic ia n s who have a d m in is tr a tiv e
o r s u p e r v is o r y re s p o n s ib ility ; and d r a ft e r s , d e s ig n e r s , and p r o fe s s io n a l
e n g in e e rs .
P o s itio n s
d e fin itio n s :
C la s s B . P e r f o r m s non rou tin e and c o m p le x d ra ftin g ass ign m e n ts
that r e q u ir e the a p p lic a tio n o f m o s t o f the s ta n d a rd ize d d ra w in g tech n iqu es
r e g u la r ly used.
D uties ty p ic a lly in v o lv e such w o rk as:
P r e p a r e s w o rk in g
d ra w in g s o f s u b a s s em b lie s w ith ir r e g u la r sh ap es, m u ltip le fu n ctio n s, and
p r e c is e p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n com p on en ts; p r e p a r e s a r c h ite c tu r a l
d ra w in g s f o r con stru ctio n o f a b u ild in g in clu d in g d e ta il d ra w in g s o f foun da
tio n s , w a ll s e c tio n s , flo o r p la n s, and r o o f.
U s e s a c c e p te d fo r m u la s and
m anuals in m ak ing n e c e s s a r y com p u tation s to d e te rm in e q u a n tities o f
m a te r ia ls to be used, loa d c a p a c itie s , s tre n g th s , s t r e s s e s , e tc .
R e c e iv e s
in itia l in s tr u c tio n s , r e q u ire m e n ts , and a d v ic e f r o m s u p e r v is o r .
C o m p le te d
w o rk is ch eck ed fo r te c h n ic a l adequacy.
a re c la s s ifie d
into
le v e ls
on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g
C lass A . A p p lie s advanced te c h n ic a l k n o w led ge to s o lv e unusually
c o m p le x p ro b lem s (i. e ., th ose that t y p ic a lly cannot be s o lv e d s o le ly by
r e fe r e n c e to m a n u fa c tu re rs ' m anuals o r s im ila r d ocu m en ts) in w o rk in g on
e le c t r o n ic equipm ent.
E xa m p les o f such p ro b le m s in clu d e lo c a tio n and
d e n s ity o f c ir c u it r y , e le c tr o m a g n e tic ra d ia tio n , is o la tin g m a lfu n c tio n s , and
fre q u en t e n g in e e rin g changes. W o rk in v o lv e s :
A d e ta ile d un derstand in g o f
the in te r r e la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u its ; e x e r c is in g independent ju d gm en t in p e r
fo r m in g such task s as m aking c ir c u it a n a ly s e s , c a lc u la tin g w a v e fo r m s ,
tr a c in g rela tio n sh ip s in s ign a l flo w ; and r e g u la r ly using c o m p le x te s t in
stru m en ts (e .g ., dual t r a c e o s c illo s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , d e v ia tio n m e t e r s ,
p u lse g e n e r a to r s ).
C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d e ta il d ra w in g s o f s in g le units o r p a rts fo r
e n g in e e rin g , c o n stru c tio n , m an u fa ctu rin g, o r r e p a ir p u rp o s e s .
Types of
d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d in clu d e is o m e t r ic p r o je c t io n s (d e p ic tin g th r e e d im en sio n s
in a c c u ra te s c a le ) and s e c tio n a l v ie w s to c la r ify p o s itio n in g o f com ponents
and co n ve y n eed ed in fo rm a tio n .
C o n s o lid a te s d e ta ils fr o m a n u m b er o f
s o u rc e s and adjusts o r tra n s p o s e s s c a le as r e q u ire d . S u gg ested m eth od s o f
ap p roach , a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n ts , and a d v ic e on s o u rc e m a te r ia ls a r e g ive n
w ith in it ia l a s s ig n m e n ts . In s tru c tio n s a r e le s s c o m p le te when as s ign m e n ts
r e c u r . W o rk m a y be s p o t-c h e c k e d d uring p r o g r e s s .
W o rk m a y be r e v ie w e d by s u p e r v is o r (fre q u e n tly an e n g in e e r o r
d e s ig n e r ) fo r g e n e ra l c om p lia n ce w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s .
M ay p ro v id e
te c h n ic a l guidance to lo w e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n s .
C la s s B . A p p lie s c o m p re h e n s iv e te c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e c o m
p le x p ro b le m s (i. e ., th ose that ty p ic a lly can be s o lv e d s o le ly by p r o p e r ly
in te r p r e tin g m a n u fa c tu re r s ' m anuals o r s im ila r d ocu m en ts) in w o rk in g on
e le c t r o n ic equipm ent. W o rk in v o lv e s : A f a m ilia r it y w ith the in t e r r e la t io n
ships o f c irc u its ; and judgm ent in d e te rm in in g w o rk s equ en ce and in s e le c tin g
to o ls and te s tin g in s tru m e n ts , u su ally le s s c o m p le x than th ose used by the
c la s s A tech n icia n .
D R A F T E R -T R A C E R
C op ies plans and d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d by o th e rs by p la c in g tr a c in g
cloth o r p a p e r o v e r d ra w in g s and tr a c in g w ith pen o r p e n c il.
(D oes not
in clu d e tr a c in g lim ite d to plans p r im a r ily c o n s is tin g o f s tra ig h t lin e s and a
la r g e s c a le not re q u irin g c lo s e d e lin e a tio n .)
R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id an ce, as r e q u ir e d , f r o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r
l e v e l te c h n icia n , and w o rk is r e v ie w e d f o r s p e c ific c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p ted
p r a c t ic e s and w o rk as s ign m e n ts .
M a y p r o v id e te c h n ic a l guidance to lo w e r
le v e l tech n icia n s.
AND /O R
C lass C . A p p lie s w o rk in g te c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to p e r f o r m s im p le o r
rou tin e tasks in w o rk in g on e le c t r o n ic equ ip m en t, fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in
s tru c tio n s w h ich c o v e r v ir t u a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W o rk ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s such
P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e t it iv e d ra w in g s o f e a s ily v is u a liz e d ite m s .
W o rk is c lo s e ly s u p e rv is e d du rin g p r o g r e s s .
34
ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN— Continued
MAINTENANCE ELEC TRICIAN— Continued
ta s k s as: A s s is t in g h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n icia n s by p e r fo r m in g such a c tiv itie s as
r e p la c in g c om p on en ts, w ir in g c ir c u it s , and tak in g te s t r e a d in g s ; r e p a ir in g
s im p le e le c t r o n ic e q u ip m en t; and using to o ls and com m on te s t in stru m en ts
(e . g . , m u ltim e t e r s , audio s ig n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tube t e s t e r s , o s c illo s c o p e s ). Is
not r e q u ir e d to be f a m ilia r w ith the in te r r e la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s .
T h is
k n o w le d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y be a c q u ire d th rou gh assign m en ts d e sig n e d to in
c r e a s e c o m p e te n c e (in clu d in g c la s s r o o m tr a in in g ) so that w o r k e r can advance
to h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n icia n .
equ ip m en t; w o rk in g
w ir in g o r e le c t r ic a l
and m e a s u rin g and
ten a n ce e le c t r ic ia n
th rou gh a fo r m a l
R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id an ce, as r e q u ire d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r
l e v e l te c h n ic ia n .
W o rk is ty p ic a lly spot ch eck ed , but is g iv e n d e ta ile d
r e v ie w w hen n ew o r ad va n ced a s sign m en ts a re in v o lve d .
R E G IS T E R E D I N D U S T R IA L N U R S E
A r e g is t e r e d n u rs e w ho g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v ic e under g e n e r a l m e d ic a l
d ir e c tio n to i l l o r in ju re d e m p lo y e e s o r o th e r p e rson s who b e c o m e i l l o r
s u ffe r an a c c id e n t on the p r e m is e s o f a fa c to r y o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m en t.
D uties in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : G ivin g f i r s t aid to the i l l o r
in ju re d ; atten d in g to subsequent d re s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; k eep in g
r e c o r d s o f p a tie n ts tr e a te d ; p re p a r in g accid en t re p o rts f o r co m p en s a tio n o r
o th e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s is tin g in p h y s ic a l exam in a tion s and h ealth e v a lu a tio n s o f
a p p lica n ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and planning and c a r r y in g out p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g
h e a lth ed u c a tio n , a c c id e n t p re v e n tio n , eva lu a tio n o f plant e n v ir o n m e n t, o r
o th e r a c t iv it ie s a ffe c tin g the h ealth , w e lfa r e , and s a fe ty o f a ll p e rs o n n e l.
N u rs in g s u p e r v is o r s o r head n u rs e s in e s tab lish m en ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than
one n u rs e a r e exc lu d e d .
Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant
M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R
P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n tr y duties n e c e s s a r y to con stru ct and m ain ta in
in g ood r e p a ir b u ild in g w o o d w o rk and equipm ent such as b in s , c r ib s , coun ters,
b e n c h e s , p a r titio n s , d o o r s , f lo o r s , s t a ir s , c a s in g s , and t r im m ad e o f w ood
in su e s ta b lis h m e n t.
n
W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P la n n in g and
la y in g out o f w o r k f r o m b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s , m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s tru c tio n s ;
u sin g a v a r i e t y o f c a r p e n te r 's han d tools, p o rta b le p o w e r to o ls , and stan dard
m e a s u rin g in s tr u m e n ts ; m ak in g stan dard shop com putations r e la tin g to d i
m en s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e le c tin g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r the w o rk . In g e n
e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ain ten a n ce c a r p e n te r r e q u ire s rounded tr a in in g and
e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic es h ip o r e q u iv a le n t
tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .
M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N
P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f e le c t r ic a l tra d e functions such as the in
s ta lla tio n , m a in te n a n c e , o r r e p a ir o f equipm en t f o r the g e n e ra tio n , d i s t r i
b u tion , o r u tiliz a tio n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s ta b lis h m en t. W o rk in v o lv e s
m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : In s ta llin g o r r e p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie t y o f e le c t r ic a l
equ ip m en t such as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s fo r m e r s , s w itc h b o a rd s , c o n t r o lle r s ,
c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , h eatin g units, conduit s y s te m s , o r o th e r t r a n s
m is s io n e q u ip m en t; w o rk in g fr o m b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s , la y o u ts , o r o th e r
s p e c ific a tio n s ; lo c a tin g and d ia g n o s in g tro u b le in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s te m o r
stan dard com p u tation s r e la tin g to loa d re q u ire m e n ts o f
equ ip m en t; and using a v a r ie t y o f e le c t r ic ia n 's handtools
te s tin g in s tru m e n ts . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in
r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e usu ally ac q u ire d
a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e rie n c e .
M A IN T E N A N C E P A I N T E R
P a in ts and r e d e c o r a te s w a lls , w o o d w o rk , and fix tu r e s o f an e s ta b
lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : K n o w le d g e o f s u rfa c e p e c u lia r itie s
and ty p es o f paint r e q u ir e d f o r d iffe r e n t a p p lic a tio n s ; p re p a r in g s u rfa c e fo r
p ain tin g by r e m o v in g old fin is h o r by p la c in g putty o r f i l l e r in n a il holes
and in t e r s t ic e s ; and a p p lyin g paint w ith s p ra y gun o r b ru sh . M ay m ix c o lo r s ,
o ils , w h ite le a d , and o th e r paint in g r e d ie n ts to obtain p r o p e r c o lo r o r con
s is te n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m ain ten an ce p a in te r r e q u ire s rounded
tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ire d th ro u gh a f o r m a l a p p re n tic es h ip o r
e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .
M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H IN IS T
P ro d u c e s re p la c e m e n t p a rts and n ew p a rts in m ak in g r e p a ir s o f
m e ta l p a rts o f m e c h a n ic a l equ ip m en t o p e r a te d in an e s ta b lis h m en t. W o rk in
v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In te r p r e tin g w r itte n in s tru c tio n s and s p e c ific a
tio n s ; planning and la y in g out o f w o rk ; using a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in is t's handto o ls and p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ; settin g up and o p e ra tin g standard
m ach in e to o ls ; shaping o f m e ta l p a rts to c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; m aking standard
shop com p u tations r e la tin g to d im e n sio n s o f w o rk , to o lin g , fe e d s , and speeds
o f m a ch in in g; k n o w le d g e o f the w o rk in g p r o p e r tie s o f the com m on m e ta ls ;
s e le c tin g stan dard m a t e r ia ls , p a r ts , and equ ip m en t r e q u ir e d fo r th is w o rk ;
and fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a rts into m e c h a n ic a l equ ip m en t. In g e n e r a l, the
m a c h in is t's w o rk n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rounded tr a in in g in m a c h in e-sh o p
p r a c t ic e u su ally a c q u ire d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic es h ip o r equ ivalen t
tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .
M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M A C H IN E R Y )
R e p a irs m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n ic a l equ ip m en t o f an esta b lish m en t.
W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E x a m in in g m a ch in es and m ec h a n ic a l
equipm en t to d ia g n ose s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d is m a n tlin g o r p a r tly d ism an tlin g
m a ch in es and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e the use o f handtools in
s c ra p in g and fittin g p a r ts ; r e p la c in g b ro k e n o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts w ith ite m s
ob tain ed fr o m stock ; o r d e r in g the p ro d u c tio n o f a rep la c e m e n t p a rt by a
m ach in e shop o r sending the m ach in e to a m ach in e shop f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s ;
p re p a r in g w r itte n s p e c ific a tio n s f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r f o r the p rod u ction o f
p a rts o r d e r e d f r o m m a ch in e shops; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; and m aking a ll
n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm ents f o r o p e ra tio n . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f a m a c h in e ry
m a in ten an ce m ec h a n ic r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e rie n c e usually
a c q u ire d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tra in in g and e x
p e r ie n c e .
E x c lu d e d fr o m th is c la s s ific a t io n a re w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y
duties in v o lv e s e ttin g up o r ad ju stin g m a c h in e s .
M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M O T O R V E H IC L E )
R e p a irs a u to m o b ile s , b u s e s, m o to rtr u c k s , and tr a c to r s o f an e s ta b
lis h m e n t.
W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xa m in in g au tom otive
equipm en t to d iagn ose s o u rc e o f tr o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g equipm ent and p e r
fo r m in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e the use o f such handtools as* w re n c h e s , gau ges,
MAINTENANCE MECHANIC (MOTOR VEHICLE)— Continued
MAINTENANCE TRADES HELPER
d r i l l s , o r s p e c ia liz e d equ ip m en t in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a r ts ; r e p la c in g
b ro k en o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts f r o m stock ; g rin d in g and adjustin g v a lv e s ; r e
a s s e m b lin g and in s ta llin g the v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h ic le and m ak in g
n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts; and alig n in g w h e e ls , ad ju stin g b ra k e s and lig h ts , o r
tig h te n in g b od y b o lts . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m o to r v e h ic le m ain ten an ce
m ec h a n ic r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ire d th rou gh
a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .
A s s is ts one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k ille d m ain ten an ce tr a d e s , by
p e r fo r m in g s p e c ific o r g e n e ra l d u ties o f l e s s e r s k ill, such as k e ep in g a
w o r k e r supplied w ith m a te r ia ls and t o o ls ; c le a n in g w o rk in g a r e a , m a c h in e ,
and equ ip m en t; a s s is tin g jo u rn ey m a n by h old in g m a te r ia ls o r to o ls ; and
p e r fo r m in g o th e r u n sk illed task s as d ir e c te d by jo u rn ey m a n .
T h e kind o f
w o rk the h e lp e r is p e rm itte d to p e r f o r m v a r ie s f r o m tr a d e to tr a d e :
In
som e tra d e s the h e lp e r is con fin ed to su p p lyin g, lif t in g , and h o ld in g m a te r ia ls
and t o o ls , and clean in g w o rk in g a r e a s ; and in o th e rs he is p e r m itte d to
p e r fo r m s p e c ia liz e d m achine o p e r a tio n s , o r p a rts o f a tr a d e that a r e a ls o
p e r fo r m e d by w o r k e r s on a fu ll- tim e b a s is .
T h is c la s s ific a t io n d o e s
not i n c l u d e
c u s to m e r s ' v e h ic le s in au to m o b ile r e p a ir shops.
m ec h a n ic s
who
r e p a ir
M A IN T E N A N C E P I P E F I T T E R
M A C H IN E - T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M )
In s ta lls o r r e p a ir s w a t e r , s te a m , g a s , o r o th e r ty p es o f p ip e and
p ip e fittin g s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : L a y in g
out w o rk and m e a s u rin g to lo c a te p o s itio n o f pip e fr o m d ra w in g s o r o th e r
w r itte n s p e c ific a tio n s ; cutting v a r io u s s iz e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t len gth s w ith
c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e ty le n e t o r c h o r p ip e -c u ttin g m a c h in e s ; th re a d in g
pipe w ith stock s and d ie s ; b ending p ip e by h a n d -d riv e n o r p o w e r - d r iv e n
m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g p ip e w ith cou p lin gs and fa s te n in g p ip e to h a n g ers ;
m ak in g stan dard shop com p u tation s r e la tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flo w , and s iz e o f
pipe r e q u ir e d ; and m ak in g stan dard te s ts to d e te rm in e w h eth e r fin is h e d p ip es
m e e t s p e c ific a tio n s .
In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m ain ten an ce p ip e fit t e r
r e q u ire s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ire d th ro u gh a fo r m a l
a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . W o r k e r s p r im a r ily
e n gaged in in s ta llin g and r e p a ir in g b u ild in g s a n itation o r h eatin g s y s te m s
a re e x c lu d e d .
S p e c ia liz e s in o p e ra tin g one o r m o r e than one ty p e o f m ach in e
to o l (e . g . , jig b o r e r , grin d in g m a c h in e , en gin e lath e, m illin g m a c h in e ) to
m ach in e m e ta l fo r use in m aking o r m a in ta in in g j i g s , fix tu r e s , cutting to o ls ,
g a u g es , o r m e ta l d ies o r m old s u sed in shapin g o r fo r m in g m e ta l o r
n o n m e ta llic m a te r ia l (e .g ., p la s tic , p la s t e r , ru b b e r, g la s s ).
W o rk ty p ic a lly
in v o lv e s : Plan n in g and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt m a c h in in g o p e r a tio n s w h ich
r e q u ir e c o m p lica te d setups o r a h igh d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; s e ttin g up m ach in e
to o l o r to o ls (e .g ., in s ta ll cutting to o ls and adju st g u id e s , s to p s , w o rk in g
ta b le s , and o th e r co n tro ls to handle the s iz e o f sto c k to be m ach in ed ;
d e te rm in e p ro p e r fe e d s , sp eed s, to o lin g , and o p e r a tio n sequ en ce o r s e le c t
th ose p r e s c r ib e d in d ra w in g s , b lu e p rin ts , o r la y o u ts ); using a v a r ie t y o f
p r e c is io n m ea su rin g in s tru m e n ts ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts during
m ach in in g o p e ra tio n to a c h ie v e r e q u is ite d im e n sio n s to v e r y c lo s e t o le r a n c e s .
M a y be re q u ire d to s e le c t p r o p e r c o o la n ts and cu ttin g and lu b r ic a tin g o ils ,
to r e c o g n iz e when to o ls n eed d r e s s in g , and to d r e s s to o ls . In g e n e r a l, the
w o rk o f a m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r (t o o lr o o m ) at the s k ill l e v e l c a lle d f o r in
th is c la s s ific a tio n re q u ire s e x te n s iv e k n o w le d g e o f m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o l
ro o m p r a c t ic e u sually a c q u ire d th rou gh c o n s id e r a b le o n - th e - jo b tr a in in g and
e x p e r ie n c e .
M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T - M E T A L W O R K E R
F a b r ic a t e s , in s t a lls , and m ain ta in s in good r e p a ir the s h e e t-m e ta l
equipm en t and fix tu r e s (such as m ach in e g u a rd s , g r e a s e pans, s h e lv e s ,
lo c k e r s , tan k s, v e n t ila t o r s , ch u tes, d u cts, m e ta l r o o fin g ) o f an e s ta b lis h m en t.
W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g out a ll ty p es o f
s h e e t- m e ta l m a in ten an ce w o rk f r o m b lu e p rin ts , m o d e ls , o r o th e r s p e c ific a
tio n s ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a tin g a ll a v a ila b le ty p e s o f s h e e t-m e ta l w o rk in g
m a c h in e s ; using a v a r ie t y o f handtools in cu ttin g, b en d in g, fo r m in g , shapin g,
fittin g , and a s s e m b lin g ; and in s ta llin g s h e e t-m e ta l a r t ic le s as r e q u ire d . In
g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m ain ten a n ce s h e e t-m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s rounded
tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ire d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r
e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .
M IL L W R IG H T
In s ta lls new m ach in es o r h ea vy e qu ip m en t, and d is m a n tle s and
in s ta lls m a ch in es o r h e a v y equ ip m en t when changes in the plan t layou t a re
re q u ire d . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g out w o rk ;
in te r p r e tin g b lu e p rin ts o r o th e r s p e c ific a tio n s ; using a v a r ie t y o f handtools
and r ig g in g ; m ak in g stan dard shop com p u tations r e la tin g to s t r e s s e s , stren gth
o f m a t e r ia ls , and c e n te r s o f g r a v it y ; alig n in g and b a lan cin g equ ip m en t;
s e le c tin g stan dard t o o ls , equ ip m en t, and p a rts to be used; and in s ta llin g and
m ain ta in in g in good o r d e r p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n equ ip m en t such as d r iv e s and
sp eed r e d u c e r s .
In g e n e r a l, the m illw r ig h t 's w o rk n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a
rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e in the tr a d e a c q u ire d th rou gh a fo r m a l
a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e .
F o r c r o s s -in d u s tr y w age study p u r p o s e s , th is c la s s ific a t io n does not
in clu d e m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r s (t o o lr o o m ) e m p lo y e d in to o l and d ie job b in g
shops.
T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R
C onstructs and r e p a ir s j i g s , fix t u r e s , cuttin g t o o ls , g a u g e s , o r
m e t a l d ies o r m old s used in shaping o r fo r m in g m e t a l o r n o n m e ta llic
m a t e r ia l (e .g ., p la s tic , p la s te r , ru b b e r, g la s s ).
W o r k ty p ic a lly i n v o lv e s :
P la n n in g and la y in g out w o rk a c c o r d in g to m o d e ls , b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s , o r
o th e r w r itte n o r o r a l s p e c ific a tio n s ; u n d erstan d in g the w o rk in g p r o p e r t ie s o f
com m on m eta ls and a llo y s ; s e le c tin g a p p ro p ria te m a t e r ia ls , t o o ls , and
p r o c e s s e s re q u ire d to co m p lete ta s k ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y shop com p u tatio n s;
settin g up and o p e ra tin g v a rio u s m a c h in e to o ls and r e la te d e qu ip m en t; using
v a r io u s to o l and die m a k e r 's handtools and p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ;
w o rk in g to v e r y c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; h e a t - tr e a t in g m e t a l p a rts and fin is h e d to o ls
and d ies to ach ie v e re q u ire d q u a litie s ; fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a rts to p r e
s c r ib e d to le r a n c e s and a llo w a n c e s .
In g e n e r a l, the t o o l and die m a k e r 's
w o rk r e q u ire s rounded tr a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o lr o o m p r a c t ic e
u su ally a cq u ired th rou gh fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and
e x p e r ie n c e .
F o r c r o s s -in d u s tr y w age study p u r p o s e s , th is c la s s ific a t io n does not
in clu d e to o l and die m a k e rs who (1 ) a r e e m p lo y e d in to o l and die job b in g
shops o r (2) p rod u ce fo r g in g d ies (d ie sin k ers^
STATIONARY ENGINEER
SHIPPER AND RECEIVER— Continued
O p e ra te s and m a in ta in s and m ay a lso s u p e rv is e the o p e ra tio n o f
s ta tio n a r y en g in es and eq u ip m en t (m ec h a n ic a l o r e le c t r ic a l) to supply the
e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r , heat, r e fr ig e r a t io n , o r a ir con d ition in g. W o r k in v o lv e s : O p e ra tin g and m ain tain in g equ ip m en t such as
s te a m e n g in e s , a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a to r s , m o to r s , tu rb in e s , v e n tila tin g
and r e f r ig e r a t in g e q u ip m en t, s te a m b o ile r s and b o ile r - fe d w a te r pum ps;
m ak in g equ ip m en t r e p a ir s ; and k eep in g a r e c o r d o f o p e ra tio n o f m a c h in e r y ,
te m p e r a tu r e , and fu e l con su m p tion .
M ay a lso s u p e rv is e th e s e o p e r a tio n s .
H ead o r c h ie f e n g in e e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo yin g m o r e than one e n g in e e r
a r e e x c lu d e d .
R e c e iv e r s ty p ic a lly a re r e s p o n s ib le f o r m o s t o f the fo llo w in g :
V e r if y in g the c o r r e c tn e s s o f in c o m in g sh ipm en ts by co m p a rin g ite m s and
q u a n tities unloaded a g a in st b ills o f la d in g , in v o ic e s , m a n ife s ts , stora g e
r e c e ip ts , o r o th e r r e c o r d s ; ch eck in g fo r d am aged g ood s ; in su rin g that
good s a r e a p p ro p ria te ly id e n tifie d f o r rou tin g to d ep a rtm en ts w ithin the
e s ta b lis h m e n t; p re p a r in g and k eep in g r e c o r d s o f good s r e c e iv e d .
S h ip p er
R e c e iv e r
S h ip p er and r e c e iv e r
B O IL E R T E N D E R
F i r e s s ta tio n a r y b o ile r s to fu rn is h the e s ta b lis h m en t in w h ich e m
p lo y e d w ith heat, p o w e r , o r stea m .
F e e d s fu e ls to f i r e by hand o r
o p e r a te s a m e c h a n ic a l s to k e r , g a s , o r o il b u rn e r; and checks w a t e r and
s a fe ty v a lv e s . M a y c le a n , o il, o r a s s is t in r e p a ir in g b o ile r r o o m equ ip m en t.
Material Movement and Custodial
T R U C K D R IV E R
D r iv e s a tru c k w ith in a c ity o r in d u s tria l a r e a to tr a n s p o r t
m a t e r ia ls , m e r c h a n d is e , e q u ip m en t, o r w o r k e r s betw een v a r io u s ty p es o f
e s ta b lis h m e n ts such as: M a n u fa ctu rin g p la n ts, fr e ig h t d ep o ts, w a r e h o u s e s ,
w h o le s a le and r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n ts , o r b etw een r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n ts and
c u s to m e r s ' houses o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s .
M ay a ls o loa d o r unload tru c k
w ith o r w ith ou t h e lp e r s , m ak e m in o r m e c h a n ic a l r e p a ir s , and k e ep tru c k in
good w o rk in g o r d e r .
S a le s route and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r iv e r s a re e x c lu d e d .
F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s ,
ra te d c a p a c ity o f tr u c k , as fo llo w s :
tr u c k d r iv e r s
a re c la s s ifie d by type and
T r u c k d r iv e r , lig h t tru c k
(s tr a ig h t tr u c k , u n der IV 2 tons, u su ally 4 w h ee ls )
T r u c k d r iv e r , m e d iu m tru ck
(s tr a ig h t tr u c k , IV 2 to 4 tons in c lu s iv e , usually 6 w h e e ls )
T r u c k d r iv e r , h e a v y tru c k
(s tr a ig h t tr u c k , o v e r 4 to n s , u su ally 10 w h e e ls )
T r u c k d r iv e r , t r a c t o r - t r a i l e r
S H IP P E R A N D R E C E IV E R
P e r f o r m s c l e r i c a l and p h y s ic a l task s in con nection w ith shipping
goods o f the e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ich e m p lo y e d and r e c e iv in g in c o m in g
sh ip m en ts.
In p e r fo r m in g d a y -to -d a y , routine ta s k s , fo llo w s e s ta b lis h e d
g u id e lin e s . In han d lin g unusual n onrou tine p r o b le m s , r e c e iv e s s p e c ific g u id
ance fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r o th e r o ff ic ia ls .
M ay d ire c t and c o o rd in a te the
a c tiv itie s o f o th e r w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in handling goods to be shipped o r b ein g
r e c e iv e d .
S h ip p ers ty p ic a lly a r e re s p o n s ib le fo r m ost o f the fo llo w in g :
V e r if y in g that o r d e r s a r e a c c u r a te ly f ille d by com p a rin g ite m s and q u a n tities
o f good s g a th e re d f o r sh ip m en t a g a in s t docum ents; in su rin g that shipm en ts
a re p r o p e r ly p a c k a g e d , id e n tifie d w ith shipping in fo rm a tio n , and lo a d e d into
tr a n s p o r tin g v e h ic le s ; p r e p a r in g and k eep in g r e c o rd s of goods ship p ed, e .g .,
m a n ife s ts , b ills o f la d in g .
F o r w a g e study p u rp o s e s , w o r k e r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s :
W A R E HO US E M A N
A s d ir e c te d , p e r fo r m s a v a r ie t y o f w a re h o u s in g duties w h ich req u ire
an un derstandin g o f the e s ta b lis h m e n t's s to r a g e p la n . W o rk in v o lv e s m ost
o f the fo llo w in g : V e r if y in g m a te r ia ls (o r m e r c h a n d is e ) a g ain st re c e iv in g
d ocu m en ts, noting and r e p o rtin g d is c r e p a n c ie s and ob viou s d a m a ges; routing
m a te r ia ls to p r e s c r ib e d s to r a g e lo c a tio n s ; s to r in g , s ta c k in g , o r p a lle tiz in g
m a te r ia ls in a c c o rd a n c e w ith p r e s c r ib e d s to r a g e m eth od s; re a rr a n g in g and
tak in g in v e n to r y o f s to r e d m a t e r ia ls ; ex a m in in g s to r e d m a te r ia ls and r e
p o r tin g d e te r io r a t io n and d am age; r e m o v in g m a t e r ia l f r o m s to ra g e and
p r e p a r in g it f o r sh ip m en t. M a y o p e ra te hand o r p o w e r tru c k s in p e rfo r m in g
w a re h o u s in g d u ties.
E xclu d e w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duties in v o lv e shipping and r e
c e iv in g w o rk (s e e S h ip p er and R e c e iv e r and Shipping P a c k e r ), o r d e r fillin g
(s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ) , o r o p e ra tin g p o w e r tru c k s (s e e P o w e r - T r u c k O p e ra to r ).
O RD ER F IL L E R
F i l l s shipping o r t r a n s fe r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d goods fr o m s to re d
m e r c h a n d is e in a c c o rd a n c e w ith s p e c ific a tio n s on s a le s s lip s , c u s to m e rs '
o r d e r s , o r o th e r in s tr u c tio n s .
M a y , in a d d ition to f illin g o r d e r s and in
d ic a tin g ite m s f ille d o r o m itte d , k e ep r e c o r d s o f ou tgoing o r d e r s , re q u is itio n
a d d itio n a l stock o r r e p o r t sh o rt su p p lies to s u p e r v is o r , and p e r fo r m oth er
r e la te d d u ties.
S H IP P IN G P A C K E R
P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p ro d u cts f o r shipm en t o r s to r a g e by p lacin g th em
in shipping c o n ta in e r s , the s p e c ific o p e ra tio n s p e r fo r m e d b ein g dependent
upon the ty p e , s iz e , and n u m b er o f units to be p a c k ed , the ty p e o f con tain er
e m p lo y e d , and m eth od o f sh ip m en t. W o rk r e q u ir e s the p la c in g o f ite m s in
shipping c o n ta in e rs and m a y in v o lv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : K n o w led ge
o f v a r io u s ite m s o f stock in o r d e r to v e r i f y content; s e le c tio n o f ap p ro p ria te
ty p e and s iz e o f c o n ta in e r; in s e r tin g e n c lo s u r e s in c o n ta in e r; using e x c e ls io r
o r o th e r m a t e r ia l to p re v e n t b re a k a g e o r d a m a ge; c lo s in g and sea lin g
c o n ta in e r; and ap p lyin g la b e ls o r e n te rin g id e n tify in g data on con tain er.
P a c k e r s who a ls o m ak e w ood en b o x es o r c ra te s a re exclu d ed .
M A TE R IA L HANDLING LABORER
GUARD— Continued
A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a re h o u s e , m an u factu rin g p lan t, s to r e , o r
o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t w h ose duties in v o lv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g :
L o a d in g and un loading v a r io u s m a te r ia ls and m e rc h a n d is e on o r f r o m fr e ig h t
c a r s , tr u c k s , o r o th e r tr a n s p o r tin g d e v ic e s ; unpacking, s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g
m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s to r a g e lo c a tio n ; and tr a n s p o r tin g
m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e b y handtruck, c a r , o r w h e e lb a r r o w .
L on gsh ore
w o r k e r s , w ho lo a d and unload s h ip s , a re exclu d ed .
Guards e m p lo y e d by e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich p r o v id e p r o te c tiv e
v ic e s on a con tra ct b a s is a re in clu d ed in th is o ccu p atio n .
P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R
O p e ra te s a m a n u a lly c o n tr o lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c t r ic - p o w e r e d tru c k
o r t r a c t o r to tr a n s p o r t goods and m a te r ia ls o f a ll kinds about a w a r e h o u s e ,
m an u factu rin g p lan t, o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t.
F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s
tru c k , as fo llo w s :
a r e c la s s ifie d by ty p e o f p o w e r -
F o r k lif t o p e r a to r
P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a to r (o th e r than f o r k lift )
ser
F o r w age study p u rp o s es , gu ards a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s :
C lass A . E n fo r c e s re g u la tio n s d e s ig n e d to p re v e n t b re a c h e s o f
s e c u r ity .
E x e r c is e s ju dgm ent and uses d is c r e tio n in d e a lin g w ith e m e r
g e n c ie s and s e c u rity v io la tio n s en c o u n te red .
D e te rm in e s w h eth e r f i r s t
res p o n s e should be to in te rv e n e d ir e c t ly (a s k in g f o r a s s is ta n c e when d e e m e d
n e c e s s a r y and tim e a llo w s ), to k e ep situ ation under s u r v e illa n c e , o r to r e
p o r t situation so that it can be handled by a p p ro p ria te a u th o rity .
D uties
r e q u ir e s p e c ia liz e d tra in in g in m eth od s and te c h n iq u e s o f p r o te c tin g s e c u r ity
a r e a s . C om m o n ly, the gu ard is r e q u ir e d to d e m o n s tra te continuing p h y s ic a l
fitn e s s and p r o fic ie n c y w ith f ir e a r m s o r o th e r s p e c ia l w eap on s.
C lass B . C a r r ie s out in s tru c tio n s p r i m a r i l y o r ie n te d to w a r d in
su rin g that e m e r g e n c ie s and s e c u r ity v io la tio n s a re r e a d ily d is c o v e r e d and
r e p o r te d to ap p ro p ria te au th ority. In te r v e n e s d ir e c t ly on ly in s itu ation s w h ich
r e q u ir e m in im a l action to s a fe g u a rd p r o p e r ty o r p e rs o n s .
D uties r e q u ir e
m in im a l tra in in g .
C om m o n ly , the gu ard is not r e q u ir e d to d e m o n s tra te
p h y s ic a l fitn e s s . M ay be a rm e d , but g e n e r a lly is not r e q u ir e d to d e m o n s tra te
p r o fic ie n c y in the use o f fir e a r m s o r s p e c ia l w eap on s.
J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R
GUARD
P r o t e c t s p r o p e r ty f r o m th e ft o r d a m a ge , o r p e rs o n s fr o m h a za rd s
o r in t e r fe r e n c e . D uties in v o lv e s e r v in g at a fix e d p o s t, m ak ing rounds on
foot o r by m o to r v e h ic le , o r e s c o r tin g p e rs o n s o r p r o p e r ty . M a y be d ep u tized
to m ak e a r r e s t s .
M a y a ls o h elp v is it o r s and c u s to m e rs by a n sw erin g
q u estio n s and g iv in g d ire c tio n s .
C leans and keep s in an o r d e r l y con d ition fa c to r y w o rk in g a r e a s and
w a s h ro o m s , o r p r e m is e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a rtm en t house, o r c o m m e r c ia l o r
o th e r es ta b lis h m en t. Duties in v o lv e a c o m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : S w ee p in g ,
m op p in g o r scru b b in g, and p o lis h in g f lo o r s ; r e m o v in g ch ip s, tr a s h , and o th e r
r e fu s e ; dusting equipm en t, fu r n itu r e , o r fix tu r e s ; p o lis h in g m e ta l fix tu r e s o r
tr im m in g s ; p ro v id in g supplies and m in o r m ain ten an ce s e r v i c e s ; and clean in g,
la v a t o r ie s , s h o w e rs , and r e s tr o o m s .
W o r k e r s who s p e c ia liz e in w in dow
w ash in g a re e x c lu d e d .
Service Contract
Act Surveys
T h e fo llo w in g a r e a s a r e s u r
v e y e d p e r io d ic a lly fo r use in a d m in
is t e r in g the S e r v ic e C o n tra c t A c t
o f 1965.
S u rv e y r e s u lts a r e pub
lis h e d in r e le a s e s w h ich a re a v a ila
b le , at no c o s t, w h ile su p p lies la st
f r o m any o f the B L S r e g io n a l o ffic e s
shown on the b ack c o v e r .
A la s k a (s ta te w id e )
A lb a n y , Ga.
A le x a n d r ia —L e e s v i l l e , L a .
A lp e n a —
Standish—T a w a s C ity , M ic h .
Ann A r b o r , M ic h .
A tla n tic C ity , N .J .
A u gu sta, G a.— .C .
S
A u s tin , T e x .
B a k e r s fie ld , C a lif.
B aton R o u g e , L a .
B a ttle C r e e k , M ic h .
B ea u m on t—P o r t A r th u i—O r a n g e , T e x .
B eau m on t—P o r t A rth u r—O ra n g e
and L a k e C h a r le s , T e x . —L a .
B ilo x i—G u lfp o rt and P a s c a g o u la —
M o s s P o in t, M is s .
B in g h a m ton , N .Y .
B ir m in g h a m , A la .
B lo o m in g to n — in c e n n e s , Ind.
V
B r e m e r to n — h elton , W a sh .
S
B r u n s w ic k , Ga.
C e d a r R a p id s , Io w a
C h am p aign —U rb an a—R an tou l, 111.
C h a r le s to n —N o r th C h a rle s to n —
W a lt e r b o r o , S .C .
C h a r lo tte —G a s to n ia , N .C .
C h eyen n e, W y o .
C la r k s v ille —H o p k in s v ille , T e n n .— y.
K
C o lo r a d o S p r in g s , C o lo .
C o lu m b ia — u m te r, S .C .
S
C olu m b u s, G a.—A la .
C olu m b u s, M is s .
D e c a tu r, 111.
D es M o in e s , Io w a
Duluth— u p e r io r , M inn .—W is .
S
E l P a s o — la m o g o r d o —L a s C r u c e s ,
A
T e x . —N . M e x .
E u gen e— p r in g fie ld —M e d fo r d , O r e g .
S
F a y e t t e v il l e , N .C .
F o r t L a u d e rd a le —H o lly w o o d
and W e s t P a lm B ea ch —
B o c a Raton, F la .
F o r t Sm ith , A r k .— k la.
O
F r e d e r ic k —H ag ers town—
C h am b ersb u rg , M d .—P a.
G o ld s b o ro , N .C .
Grand Isla n d — a s tin g s , N e b r.
H
Guam , T e r r it o r y o f
H a r ris b u r g —Leb an on , P a .
K n o x v ille , Tenn.
L ared o , Tex.
Las V egas—
Ton opah , N ev .
L im a , Ohio
L it t le R o c k ^ N o rth L it t le R o c k , A r k .
L o g a n s p o rt^ P e r u , Ind.
L o r a in —E ly r ia , Ohio
L o w e r E a s te rn S h o re , M d.— a .— el.
V
D
M acon , Ga.
M ad ison , W is.
M ain e (s ta te w id e )
M a n s fie ld , Ohio
M c A lle n —P h a rr—E dinburg
and B r o w n s v ille —H a rlin g e n —
San B en ito , T e x .
M e rid ia n , M is s .
M id d le s e x , M onm outh, and
O cean C o s ., N .J.
M o b ile — e n s a c o la —P a n a m a C ity ,
P
A la .—F la .
M ontana (s ta te w id e )
N a s h v ille —D avid son , Tenn.
N ew B ern — a c k s o n v ille , N .C .
J
N ew H a m p sh ire (s ta te w id e )
N ew London—N o r w ic h , Conn.—R .I.
N o rth Dakota (s ta te w id e )
N o rth e rn N ew Y o r k
N o rth w e s t T e x a s
O rla n d o , F la .
O xn ard — im i V a lle y —V e n tu ra , C a lif.
S
P e o r ia , 111.
P h o en ix , A r iz .
P in e B lu ff, A r k .
P u e b lo , C olo.
P u e rto R ic o
R a le ig h — urham , N .C .
D
R eno, N ev .
S a lin a, K ans.
S a lin as— e a s id e —M o n t e r e y , C a lif.
S
Sandusky, O hio
Santa B a rb a r a —
Santa M a r ia —
L o m p o c , C a lif.
Savannah, Ga.
S e lm a , A la .
S h re v e p o r t, L a .
South D akota (s ta te w id e )
Southern Idaho
Southw est V ir g in ia
Spokane, W ash.
S p r in g fie ld , 111.
S tockton , C a lif.
T a c o m a , W ash .
Tam pa—
St. P e t e r s b u r g , F la .
T o p e k a , K an s.
T u cson —D o u g la s , A r iz .
T u ls a , O k la.
U p p e r P e n in s u la , M ich .
V e rm o n t (s ta te w id e )
V ir g in Isla n d s o f the U.S.
W a co and K ille e n —T e m p le , T e x .
W a te r lo o — e d a r F a lls , Iow a
C
W e s t V ir g in ia (s ta te w id e )
W ic h ita F a lls —Law ton—A ltu s ,
T e x .— k la.
O
W ilm in g to n , D e l.—N .J .—M d.
Y akim a—R ich lan d — en n ew ick —
K
P e n d le to n , W a sh .— r e g .
O
ALSO A V A IL A B L E —
A n annual r e p o r t on s a la r ie s fo r
accoun tan ts, a u d ito rs , c h ie f accou n t
ants, a tto rn e y s , jo b a n a lys ts , d i r e c
to r s o f p e rs o n n e l, b u y e rs , c h e m is ts ,
e n g in e e r s , e n g in e e rin g tech n icia n s,
d r a ft e r s , a n d c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s
is a v a ila b le .
O r d e r as B L S B u lle
tin 1980, N a tio n a l S u rv e y o f P r o
fe s s io n a l, A d m in is tr a tiv e , T e c h n ic a l
and C le r ic a l P a y , M a rc h 1977, $ 2.40
a cop y, fr o m any o f the B L S r e
g io n a l s a le s o f fic e s shown on the
b ack c o v e r , o r fr o m the S u p e rin
tendent o f D ocu m en ts, U .S. G o v e r n
m en t P r in tin g O ffic e , W ash ington ,
D .C . 20402.
Area Wage
Surveys
A lis t o f the la te s t b u lle tin s a v a ila b le is p re s e n te d b e lo w .
B u lletin s
m a y be p u rch a s e d f r o m any o f th e B L S re g io n a l o ffic e s shown on the back
c o v e r , o r fr o m the S u perin ten den t o f D ocu m ents, U.S. G overn m en t P r in tin g
O ffic e , W a sh in g to n , D .C . 20402.
M ak e checks payab le to Su perintendent o f
D ocu m en ts.
A d ir e c t o r y o f o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e s u r v e y s , c o v e r in g the y e a rs
1970 th rou gh 1976, is a v a ila b le on req u e st.
A rea
B u lle tin num ber
and p r i c e *
A k r o n , O h io , D e c . 1977........... ................................... -................. 1950-70,
A lb an y—Sch en ectady—T r o y , N . Y . , Sept. 1977 --------------------- 1950-52,
Anaheirrv-Santa Ana—G a rd en G r o v e ,
C a lif., O c t. 1977________________________________________________ 1950-60,
A tla n ta , G a ., M a y 1977----------------------------------------------------- 1950-17,
B a lt im o r e , M d ., A u g . 1977----------------------------------------------1950-39,
B illin g s , M o n t., Ju ly 1977 1 ---------------------------------------------- 1950-40,
B irm in g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1978------------------------------------------- 2025-15,
B oston , M a s s ., A u g . 1977 ------------------------------------------------- 1950-50,
B u ffa lo , N .Y . , O ct. 1977 --------------------------------------------------- 1950-58,
C anton, O h io , M a y 1977 1 -------------------------------------------------- 1950-28,
C h attan ooga, T en n .—G a ., Sept. 1977 ---------------------------------- 1950-44,
C h ic a g o , 111., M a y 1977 1................................................................ 1950-41,
C in c in n a ti, O h io - K y .—In d ., July 1 9 7 7 1 ------------------------------ 1950-45,
C le v e la n d , O h io , Sept. 1977 1 -------------------------------------------- 1950-53,
C olu m b u s, O h io , O c t. 1977_____________________________________
1950-64,
C orpu s C h r is t i, T e x . , July 1977 1 _____________________________ 1950-35,
D a lla s - F o r t W o r th , T e x . , O c t. 1977__________________________ 1950-65,
D aven p ort—R o c k Isla n d — o lin e , Iow a—111., F eb . 1978-------- 2 0 25 -6 ,
M
D ayton , O h io , D e c . 1 9 7 7 1-------------------------------------------------- 1950-71,
D ayton a B ea ch , F la . , A u g . 1977 1______________________________ 1950-43,
D e n v e r—B o u ld e r , C o lo ., D e c . 1977 1---------------------------------- 1950-74,
D e tr o it, M ic h ., M a r . 1 9 78 ______________________________________ 2025-11,
F r e s n o , C a lif. , June 1977 ______________________________________ 1950-30,
G a in e s v ille , F la . , Sept. 1977 1------------------------------------------- 1950-46,
G r e e n B a y , W is . , July 1 977____________________________________ 1950-36,
G r e e n s b o ro — in s to n -S a le n > -H ig h P o in t,
W
N .C ., A u g . 1977 1 ..................... ........................................... ......... 1950-42,
G r e e n v ille — p a rta n b u rg , S .C ., June 1977 ------------------------- 1950-33,
S
H a r t fo r d , C onn., M a r . 1978 1 -------------------------------------------- 2025-14,
H ou ston , T e x ., A u g . 1977 1 _____________________________________ 1950-48,
H u n t s v ille , A l a . , F e b . 1978_______________________________ _____ 2025 -4 ,
In d ia n a p o lis , In d ., O c t. 1977___________________________________
1950-56,
J a ck son , M is s . , Jan. 1978______________________________________ 20 25 -1 ,
J a c k s o n v ille , F la . , D e c . 1977__________________________________ 1950-67,
K an sas C ity , M o .—K a n s ., S ept. 1977--------------- ----- ------------ 1950-54,
L o s A n g e le s —L on g B ea ch , C a lif., O ct. 1977---------------------- 1950-61,
L o u i s v i l l e , K y.—In d ., N o v . 1 9 7 7 1______________________________ 1950-66,
M e m p h is , T enn.—A r k .—M i s s ., N o v . 1977--------------------------- 1950-63,
80 cents
80 cents
$1.00
$1.20
$1.20
$1.00
80 cents
$1.20
$1.00
$1 .1 0
70 cents
$1.40
$1.20
$1.40
$1.00
$1.00
$1 .2 0
70 cents
$1.10
$1.00
$1.40
$1.20
70 cents
$1.00
70 cents
$1.10
70 cents
$1 .2 0
$1.40
70 cents
$1.00
70 cents
70 cents
$1.00
$1.20
$1.20
70 cents
A rea
M ia m i, F la . , O ct. 1977_________________________________________
M ilw a u k e e , W is ., A p r . 1978 1__________________________________
M in n ea p o lis —St. P a u l, M inn.— is ., Jan. 1978 1_____________
W
N a s s a u -S u ffo lk , N . Y . , June 1977 _____________________________
N e w a rk , N .J ., Jan. 1978 1______________________________________
N e w O r le a n s , L a ., Jan. 1978__________________________________
N e w Y o r k , N .Y . - N . J . , M a y 1977______________________________
N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B each —P o rts m o u th , V a.—
N .C ., M a y 1977 ________________________________________________
N o r fo lk —V ir g in ia B e a c h -P o r ts m o u th and
N e w p o rt N ew s— am p ton , V a .—N .C ., M a y 1977____________
H
N o rth e a s t P e n n s y lv a n ia , A u g . 1977 1__________________________
O k lah om a C ity , O k la ., A u g. 1977 1 ___________________________
O m aha, N e b r .—Io w a , O ct. 1977 1 ______________________________
P a te rso n r-C lifto n —P a s s a ic , N .J ., June 1977 ________________
P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . - N . J . , N o v . 1977____________________________
P itts b u r g h , P a ., Jan. 1978____________________________________
P o r tla n d , M a in e , D ec. 1977__________________________________
P o r tla n d , O r e g .—W a sh ., M a y 1977 1__________________________
P o u g h k e e p s ie , N .Y . , June 1977 _______________________________
P o u g h k e e p s ie —K in gston — ew b u rg h , N .Y . , June 1976_______
N
P r o v id e n c e — a rw ic k —P a w tu c k e t, R .I.—
W
M a s s ., June 1977 1 _____________________________________________
R ich m on d , V a ., June 1977 1 ___________________________________
St. L o u is , M o.—ELI., M a r . 1978 ________________________________
S a cra m e n to , C a lif., D ec. 1 9 77 1_______________________________
Sagin aw , M ic h ., N o v . 1977____________________________________
Salt L a k e C ity—O gden , Utah, N o v . 1977______________________
San A n to n io , T e x ., M a y 1978___________________________________
San D ie g o , C a lif., N o v . 1977 1_________________________________
San F r a n c is c o — aklan d, C a lif., M a r . 1978 1________________
O
San J o s e , C a lif., M a r . 1 9 78 1__________________________________
S eattle—E v e r e t t , W a sh ., D ec. 1977___________________________
South B en d, In d ., A u g. 1977 1 __________________________________
T o le d o , O h io -M ic h ., M a y 1977________________________________
T re n to n , N .J ., Sept. 1977______________________________________
U tic a -R o m e , N .Y . , July 1977 1 ________________________________
M
W a sh in gton , D .C .— d.—V a . , M a r . 1978 1 ____________________
W ic h ita , K a n s ., A p r . 1978_____________________________________
W o r c e s t e r , M a s s ., A p r . 1978 1________________________________
Y o r k , P a ., F e b . 1978 1__________________________________________
B u lle tin num ber
and p r i c e *
1950-57, $ 1.00
2025-18, $ 1.40
2025-2,
$1.40
1950-27, $ 1.00
$1.40
2025-7,
2025-5,
$ 1.00
1950-31, $ 1.20
1950-20, 70 cents
1950-21,
1950-38,
1950-49,
1950-55,
1950-34,
1950-62,
2025-3,
1950-69,
1950-32,
1950-25,
1900-55,
1950-22,
1950-23,
2025-13,
1950-72,
1950-59,
1950-68,
2025-17,
1950-73,
2025-10,
2025-9,
1950-75,
1950-51,
1950-18,
1950-47,
1950-37,
2025-12,
2025-16,
2025-19,
2025-8,
* Prices are determined by the Government Printing O ffice and are subject to change.
1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.
70 cents
1.10
$
$
1.10
1.10
70 cents
$ 1.20
$ 1.10
70 cents
$ 1.20
70 cents
55 cents
$
$
1.20
$
1.10
$ 1.20
$ 1.00
70 cents
80 cents
70 cents
$ 1.10
$1.40
$ 1.20
80 cents
$ 1.10
80 cents
70 cents
$ 1.10
$ 1.40
80 cents
$
1.10
$ 1.10
Postage and Fees Paid
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Washington, D.C. 20212
Third Class Mail
Official Business
Penalty for private use, $300
Lab-441
Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices
Region I
Region I
I
Region l t
i
Region IV
1603 JFK Federal Building
Government Center
Boston, Mass 02203
Phone: 223-6761 (AreaCode617)
Suite 3400
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New York, N Y. 10036
Phone: 399-5406 (AreaCode212)
3535 Market Street,
P .0 Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101
Phone: 596-1154 (AreaC ode215)
Suite 540
>371 Peachtree St., N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Phone: 881 -4418 (Area Code 404)
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