Full text of Area Wage Survey : Area Wage Survey: South Bend, Indiana, Metropolitan Area, August 1980 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 3000-36

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L_£L.'St. ‘3000-34  Area Wage Survey  South Bend, Indiana, Metropolitan Area August 1980  U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin 3000-36   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  South Bend  St. Joseph  Marshall  SOUTHWEST MISSOURI STATP UNIVERSITY LIBRARY  U.3. DEPOSITORY COPY  2  0  J9QJ  Preface  This bulletin provides results of an August 1980 survey of occupational earnings in the South Bend, Indiana, Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. The survey was made as part of the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ annual area wage survey program. It was conducted by the Bureau’s regional office in Chicago, 111., under the general direction of Lois L. Orr, Assistant Regional Commissioner for Operations. The survey could not have been accomplished without the cooperation of the many firms whose wage and salary data provided the basis for the statistical information in this bulletin. The Bureau wishes to express sincere appreciation for the cooperation received. Unless specifically identified as copyright, material in this publication is in the public domain and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced without permission. Note:  Also available for the South Bend area are listings of union wage rates for seven selected building trades. Free copies of these are available from the Bureau’s regional offices. (See back cover for addresses.)   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Area Wage Survey  South Bend, Indiana, Metropolitan Area August 1980  U.S. Department ot Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary  Contents  ^rFTo^  Page  Page  Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner Introduction...............................................................  November 1980 Bulletin 3000-36  For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C, 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover. Price $1.75. Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents G.P.O.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  2  Tables: Earnings, all establishments: A- 1. Weekly earnings of office workers.............................. A- 2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers................................................. A- 3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex ............................................................... A- 4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers ........................................... A- 5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers ...................................................... A- 6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex.................................. A- 7. Indexes of earnings and percent increases for selected occupational groups............................  Tables—Continued A- 8.  3 5  g 7 g  9 9  A- 9.  A-10.  A-11.  Average pay relationships within establish­ ments for office clerical occupations ..................... 10 Average pay relationships within establish­ ments for professional and technical occupations......................................................... 10 Average pay relationships within establish­ ments for maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant occupations.......................................... 11 Average pay relationships within establish­ ments for material movement and custodial occupations............................................... 11  Appendixes: A. Scope and method of survey . B. Occupational descriptions <  Introduction  This area is 1 of 71 in which the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and related benefits. (See list of areas on inside back cover.) In each area, earnings data for selected occupations (A-series tables) are collected annually. Information on establishment practices and supplementary wage benefits (B-series tables) is obtained every third year. This report has no B-series tables. Each year after all individual area wage surveys have been completed, two summary bulletins are issued. The first brings together data for each metropoli­ tan area surveyed; the second presents national and regional estimates, projected from individual metropolitan area data, for all Standard Metropoli­ tan Statistical Areas in the United States, excluding Alaska and Hawaii. A major consideration in the area wage survey program is the need to describe the level and movement of wages in a variety of labor markets, through the analysis of (1) the level and distribution of wages by occupation, and (2) the movement of wages by occupational category and skill level. The program develops information that may be used for many purposes, including wage and salary administration, collective bargaining, and assistance in determining plant location. Survey results also are used by the U.S. Depart­ ment of Labor to make wage determinations under the Service Contract Act of 1965. A-series tables  Tables A-l through A-6 provide estimates of straight-time weekly or hourly earnings for workers in occupations common to a variety of manufacturing and   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  nonmanufacturing industries. The occupations are defined in appendix B. For the 31 largest survey areas, tables A-12 through A-17 provide similar data for establishments employing 500 workers or more. Table A-7 provides indexes and percent changes in average hourly earnings for office clerical workers, electronic data processing workers, industrial nurses, skilled maintenance trades workers, and unskilled plant workers. Where possible, data are presented for all industries and for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing separately. Data are not presented for skilled maintenance workers in nonmanufacturing because the number of workers employed in this occupational group in nonmanufacturing is too small to warrant separate presentation. This table provides a measure of wage trends after elimination of changes in average earnings caused by employment shifts among establish­ ments as well as turnover of establishments included in survey samples. For further details, see appendix A. Tables A-8 through A-11 provide measures of average pay relationships within establishments. These measures may differ considerably from the pay relationships of overall area averages published in tables A-l through A-6. See appendix A for details. Appendixes  Appendix A describes the methods and concepts used in the area wage survey program and provides information on the scope of the survey. Appendix B provides job descriptions used by Bureau field representatives to classify workers by occupation.  Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in South Bend, Ind., August 1980  Occupation and industry division  Number of workers  388  Median*  Middle range*  103 15  231.50 247.50 200.00 329.00  215.00- 298.00 179.00- 224.00  31 19  40.0 40.0 40.0  263.00 277.00 239.50  241.50 241.50 220.50  216.50- 301.00 220.50- 320.50 200.00- 278.50  224.00 268.50 192.00  190.00- 274.50 232.00- 295.00 182.00- 214.50  40.0 40.0 40.0  237.00 268.50 208.50  39.5 40.0 39.5  253.50 264.50 216.50  241.50 247.50 221.00  216.50- 274.00 224.50- 280.00 169.50- 226.50  91  39.5 39.5  228.50 229.00  217.50 217.50  202.00- 251.50 202.00- 253.00  25  39.5 39.5  232.50 197.00  220.00 190.00  172.00- 210.00  31 23  58  29 57 29  39.5 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.0 39.5 39.5 39.0 39.5 39.0  223.50 192.00 199.00 204.50 192.00 214.50 220.00 207.00 179.00 177.00  196.50 189.00  191.00 160.00 195.00 207.00 184.50 161.00 144.00  25  39.5  205.50  180.50  154.00- 263.50  16  40.0  152.50  136.00  130.00- 170.00  23  39.5  167.00 194.00  140  150  160  180  200  220  240  260  280  300  320  340  360  380  400  420  440  460.  140  150  160  180  200  220  240  260  280  300  320  340  360  380  400  420  440  460  480  " 1  3  1  -  ~  “ “ 1  30 9 21  49 27 22  62 44 18  60 45 15  -  “  -  “  -  3  1  “  3  9 4 5  “  8  -  8  19 1 18 7 7  “  1  ~  1  14 4 10  11 9 2  6 3 3  8 8  21 13 8  22 22  -  10 9 1  12 9 3 3  10 9 1 1  7 5 2 2  15 15  5 4 1  4 1 3  1 1  4 4  1 1  -  _  _  7 6 1  4 4  2 2  1 1  2 2  -  -  -  _  4 4  3 3  -  -  3 2 1  _  2  -  7 5 2  -  -  1  -  2  7 5 2 2  4 3 1 1  _  2 1 1  _ _ _ 3 3  4 4  3 3  1 1  -  1 1  1 1  _  -  -  _ _ _  _  1 1  1  1  _ 1  _  _ _  1  _  _  29 27  17 17  11 10  7 7  6 6  3 3  -  -  1 1  1 1  _ _  _ _  _ _  _ _  “  -  9 9  7 7  3 3  2 1  5 5  '  5  8  ~  _ -  _ -  _  “  ~  -  '  -  _ -  _ -  9 9  7 7  3 3  1 1  3 3  -  -  8  -  -  -  _ _  _ _  _  _  -  _  _  _  35 24 11  13 6 7  12 12  14 9 5  1 1  3 3  1 1  1 1  3  _  _  _ _  -  _ 3  _  -  _ _  3  -  -  4 4  -  2 1 1  13 10 3  9 2 7  8 8  1 1  1 1  3 3  1 1  1 1  _ _  -  -  _ _  _  -  -  _  _  3  -  -  4 4  -  11 6 5  22 8  4  4  3  -  “  -  -  1 1  -  -  -  -  ' -  _  3 3  _  _  -  _  _  _  2 2  9 4  5 3  1  1 -  -  11 11  -  -  -  -  -  _ -  _ _  _ _  _  -  _  _ _  5  2  -  -  11  -  -  -  -  -  -  _  _  _  _  “  4  _  1  1  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  _  _  _  3  5  -  1  2  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  _  _  _  _  4  3  3  1  3  3  -  1  1  -  _  _  _  _  8  6 2 4  2 1 1  -  2  -  -  -  1  _  -  -  -  -  -  2  1 1  8  33 26 7  -  1  _ _  _ _ _  3  17 17  6 4  10 8  4 4  10 8  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  10  14  -  12 5  6  5  9  2  6 “ 1  8 8  17 14 3 3  14 13  ~  152.00- 230.50  10 6 4  30 28 2 1  6 6  21  10 9  31 27 4  ~  10  10 10  2 5  47 43 4 2  “  “  160.00 196.00  130  144.00- 191.00 136.00- 161.00  132.50- 263.50  40.0  120  163.50- 236.00 167.50- 239.50 159.00- 222.50  174.50 179.00  -  130  165.00- 225.50  184.50 186.00  15  115 and under 120  174.50- 278.00 170.50- 209.00  39.5 39.5  34  Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings (in dollars) of  "  23  129  File clerks, class B.........................  Mean2  250.50 262.00 218.00 335.00  101  Typists, class B...............................  Weekly e arnings (in dol ars)1  39.5 39.5 39.5 40.0  84 40 44  Manufacturing...............................  Average weekly hours' (stand­ ard)  -  -  -  _  3  _ 3  Switchboard operator63 33 30 Order clerks........................................ Manufacturing...............................   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  50 44  40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0  185.00 196.00 173.00 199.00 198.00  175.00 178.50 159.00 185.50 181.50  160.00- 179.50 172.00- 179.50 150.00- 180.50 176.00- 234.50 173.00- 234.50  -  -  -  -  -  3  -  3 3  -  -  :  -  _ _ _  -  Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in South Bend, Ind., August 1980 —Continued  Occupation and industry division  Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufacturing........................ Public utilities............................  Number of workers  342 177 165 29  Average weekly hours' (stand­ ard)  40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0  Weekly earnings (in dollars)'  Mean2  200.50 210.00 190.50 252.00  Median2  184.00 194.00 173.00 200.00  Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings (in dollars) of  Middle range2  163.50179.50156.00160.00-  220.00 233.50 200.00 401.00  115 and under 120  120 130  2 2  2 2  13 13  ~  -  “  Accounting clerks, class A........... Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufacturing.......................  129 61 68  40.0 40.0 40.0  215.50 235.00 198.00  207.00 230.00 200.00  185.00- 243.00 205.00- 256.50 160.50- 220.50  -  -  -  -  Accounting clerks, class B........... Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufacturing.......................  213 116 97  40.0 40.0 39.5  191.50 197.00 185.00  179.50 184.00 170.00  156.00- 192.00 166.00- 204.00 150.00- 181.50  2  2  12  2  2  12  66 50 16  40.0 40.0 40.0  239.00 236.00 250.00  229.00 230.50 228.00  203.50- 256.00 200.50- 256.00 208.50- 255.00  -  Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufacturing........................  “  -  2 2  Key entry operators.......................... Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufacturing.......................  141 77 64  40.0 40.0 39.5  210.50 223.00 195.50  199.00 210.00 173.00  173.00- 222.00 182.00- 240.50 163.50- 213.00  -  “  5  Key entry operators, class A........ Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufacturing........................  61 41 20  40.0 40.0 39.5  245.50 245.00 246.50  222.00 228.00 220.00  208.00- 253.00 216.50- 253.00 205.00- 223.00  -  -  -  80 36 44  39.5 39.5 40.0  184.00 198.50 172.50  174.50 181.00 173.00  166.00- 196.50 172.50- 210.00 158.50- 184.50  -  -  -  -  -  -  _ 5  5 5  200  180  240  220  260  240  220  280  260  340  320  300  280  320  300  340  360  380  400  420  440  460  360  380  400  420  440  460  480  1  9  -  -  -  -  1  -  -  -  -  1  5  -  9  -  -  -  ”  1  2  -  2  -  -  1  -  1  4  -  4  -  -  1  -  1  2  -  4  -  -  -  -  2  -  -  -  -  64 23 41 7  68 44 24  52 28 24  23 15 8  27 17 10  8 6 2  7 7  3 3  3  1  5 5  “  ~  “  ~  "  ~  19 2 17 6  6 1 5  7 ± 7  11 4 7  12 4 8  34 14 20  20 12 8  23 13 10  5 3 2  6  2  1  “  29 21 8  12 2 10  53 19 34  56 40 16  18 14 4  3 3  4 4  3 3  1  1  2  -  1  5 5  5 5  12 7 5  12 8  13 11  4 4  5 3  2  -  "  9 1 8  38 16 22  19 13 6  26 14 12  19 12 7  11  1  1  2  “ '  2  2  18  9  1  1  2  2  5 5  13  ” 2  -  7 1 6  36 16 20  14 8 6  13  1  2  7  -  -  35 22 13  1  See footnotes at end of tables.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  200  180  160  160  150  140  1 1  Key entry operators, class B........  150  140  130  4  5 “ ~  -  -  -  “  “  1  —-  Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in South Bend, Ind., August 1980  Occupation and industry division  Computer systems analysts (business)........................................ Manufacturing...............................  Number of workers  Average weekly hours' (stand­ ard)  Weekly earnings (in dollars)'  Mean2  Median2  Middle range2  128 43  40.0 40.0  423.50 434.00  422.50 429.00  377.00- 468.00 393.00- 474.00  52 22  40.0 40.0  479.00 481.00  475.50 474.00  448.00- 507.00 452.00- 503.50  Computer systems analysts (business), class B.................... Manufacturing...............................  49 18  40.0 40.0  400.00 400.50  408.50 401.50  Computer programmers (business).. Manufacturing...............................  93 35  40.0 40.0  312.00 363.50  Computer programmers (business), class A.................... Manufacturing...............................  19 17  40.0 40.0  Computer operators.......................... Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufacturing.......................  85 41 44  Computer operators, class A.......  Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings (in dollars) of — 150 and under 160  160  170  180  200  220  240  260  280  300  320  340  360  380  400  420  440  460  480  500  170  180  200  220  240  260  280  300  320  340  360  380  400  420  440  460  480  500  520  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  381.00- 422.50 384.50- 422.50  -  -  -  -  -  291.00 365.50  259.00- 359.00 283.00- 423.50  -  -  -  410.50 413.50  422.00 424.50  379.00- 441.50 379.00- 442.50  _  -  -  -  -  -  40.0 40.0 40.0  246.50 272.00 222.50  231.50 267.00 198.50  196.50- 280.50 233.00- 290.00 180.50- 226.50  2  2  4  _  2  _ 2  4  17 1 16  10 6 4  17  39.5  276.00  262.50  243.00- 302.50  -  -  -  -  2  Computer operators, class B....... Manufacturing.............................. Nonmanufacturing.......................  45 27 18  40.0 40.0 39.5  265.50 271.00 257.50  251.50 267.00 224.00  219.00- 287.50 233.00- 289.00 198.50- 280.00  2  1  -  2  1  5 1 4  4 3 1  Computer operators, class C.......  23  40.0  187.50  187.50  180.50- 197.50  2  -  3  12  4  Drafters................................................ Manufacturing...............................  188 146  40.0 40.0  303.00 315.00  306.50 314.50  245.00- 344.50 268.50- 349.50  -  4 2  7  -  15 7  Drafters, class A.............................  59  40.0  370.50  350.00  338.50- 424.00  -  -  -  -  -  Drafters, class B............................ Manufacturing...............................  64 52  40.0 40.0  303.50 319.50  306.50 321.50  263.00- 336.00 298.50- 338.00  -  -  -  -  Drafters, class C............................ Manufacturing...............................  50 36  40.0 39.5  241.50 260.50  225.50 271.00  200.00- 290.00 225.00- 292.50  7  -  4 2  10 6  _  _  Computer systems analysts (business), class A..................... Manufacturing.............................  Registered industrial nurses............ Manufacturing..............................  <  21 40.0 289.00 284.00 256.50- 300.00 21 40.0 289.00 284.00 256.50- 300.00 _ • Workers were distributed as follows: 3 at $520.00 to $540.00; and 2 at $540.00 to $560.00. * • Workers were distributed as follows: 7 at $520.00 to $540.00; 3 at $540.00 to $560.00; and 1 at $560.00 to $580.00. See footnotes at end of tables.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  11 *5  '  3  -  520 and over  17 -  5  11 5  Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, In South Bend, Ind., August 1980  Sex,* occupation, and industry division  Number of workers  Weekly hours' (stand­ ard)  Weekly earnings (in dollars)'  Office occupations women  Secretaries, class B................................................. Manufacturing..........................................................  Manufacturing.......................................................... Nonmanufacturing..................................................  Sex,* occupation, and industry division  Number of workers  Weekly hours' (stand­ ard)  Weekly earnings (in dollars)'  23  39.5  194.00  386 285 101  39.5 39.5 39.5  250.50 262.00 217.50  62 32 30  40.0 40.0 40.0  184.50 195.50 173.00  50  40.0  263.00  48 44  40.0 40.0  197.50 198.00  327 172 155 28  40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0  200.00 208.50 190.00 255.50  Accounting clerks, class A...................................... Manufacturing..........................................................  118 57 61  40.0 40.0 40.0  214.00 231.50 198.00  Accounting clerks, class B....................................... Manufacturing..........................................................  209 115 94  40.0 40.0 39.5  191.50 197.00 185.00  60 45 15  40.0  233.00  40.0  238.50  19  40.0  239.50  84 40 44  40.0 40.0 40.0  237.00 268.50 208.50  101 78 23  39.5 40.0 39.5  253.50 264.50 216.50  95 91  39.5 39.5  228.50 229.00  Manufacturing..........................................................  39 25  39.5 39.5  232.50 197.00  Manufacturing.......................................................... Public utilities.......................................................  Payroll clerks..................................................................  31 23  39.5 39.0  223.50 192.00  Nonmanufacturing...................................................  129  39.5  199.00  Manufacturing.......................................................... Nonmanufacturing...................................................  136 77 59  39.5 40.0 39.5  210.50 223.00 193.50  40.0 40.0 39.5  247.00 245.00 251.50  39.5 39.5 40.0  183.00 198.50 170.50  192.00 72 43 29  39.5 39.5 39.0  214.50 220 00 207.00  Nonmanufacturing...................................................  58 41 17  57 29  39.5 39.0  179.00 177.00  Nonmanufacturing...................................................  78 36 42  Nonmanufacturing.............. ....................................  34  39.5  186.00  File clerks, class B...................................................  25  39.5  205.50  16  40.0  152.50  47 21  40.0 40.0  482.00 483.50  Computer systems analysts (business), class B................................................ Manufacturing..........................................................  37 15  40.0 39.5  402.00 402.00  Computer programmers (business)........................... Manufacturing..........................................................  58 28  40.0 40.0  324.00 364.00  17 15  40.0 40.0  409.50 412.50  Computer programmers (business), class B................................................  30  40.0  301.50  Nonmanufacturing...................................................  48 28 20  40.0 40.0 40.0  258.00 285.00 220.00  Manufacturing..........................................................  30 18  40.0 40.0  268.00 290.00  176 140  40.0 40.0  308.00 319.00  Computer systems analysts  Computer programmers (business), class A................................................  58  40.0  371.00  Drafters, class B...................................................... Manufacturing.........................................................  59 50  40.0 40.0  309.00 323.00  Manufacturing..........................................................  45 33  40.0 40.0  245.00 264.00  37 24  40.0 40.0  232.00 225.00  Computer operators, class B.......... .......................  15  39.5  261.00  Manufacturing..........................................................  21 21  40.0 40.0  289.00 289.00  Professional and technical occupations - women  Computer systems analysts Manufacturing..........................................................  See footnotes at end of tables.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Weekly earnings (in dollars)'  Computer operators.................................................... Nonmanufacturing..................................................  occupations - men  Number of workers  Weekly hours' (stand­ ard)  Sex,* occupation, and industry division  Switchboard operator-  . . . _ Manufacturing..........................................................  Manufacturing..........................................................  Average (mean*)  Average (mean*)  Average (mean*)  6  101 37  40.0 40.0  431.00 445.50  Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers In South Bend, Ind., August 1980 H ourly earn ngs (in dollars )4 Occupation and industry division  Number of workers  Mean*  Median2  Middle range2  Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of 6.40 Under and 6.40 under 6.60  6.60  6.80  7.00  7.20  7.40  7.60  7.80  8.00  8.20  8.40  8.60  8.80  9.00  9.20  9.40  9.60  10.00  10.40  10.80  11.20  11.60  6.80  7.00  7.20  7.40  7.60  7.80  8.00  8.20  8.40  8.60  8.80  9.00  9.20  9.40  9.60  10.00  10.40  10.80  11.20  11.60  12.00  Maintenance carpenters................... Manufacturing...............................  33 31  9.82 9.86  9.50 9.48-10.83 9.50 9.48-10.83  -  Maintenance electricians.................. Manufacturing...............................  172 168  9.96 10.04  10.28 9.48-10.91 10.39 9.48-10.91  3 3  -  -  Maintenance machinists................... Manufacturing...............................  29 29  9.22 9.22  10.10 7.15-10.28 10.10 7.15-10.28  *3 3  -  -  Maintenance mechanics (machinery)................................... Manufacturing...............................  282 261  8.83 9.06  9.48 7.05- 9.96 * • 46 9.48 7.50- 9.96 26  -  8 8  Maintenance mechanics (motor vehicles).............................. Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufacturing........................ Public utilities............................  196 47 149 93  9.77 9.72 9.79 11.02  10.28 10.28 10.27 11.63  Maintenance pipefitters.................... Manufacturing...............................  108 108  10.64 10.64  Millwrights........................................... Manufacturing...............................  148 148  10.50 10.50  Maintenance trades helpers............  27  7.51  Machine-tool operators (toolroom)... Manufacturing...............................  69 69  Tool and die makers......................... Manufacturing...............................  116 116  7.71-11.63 9.22-10.89 7.63-11.63 11.58-11.63  _  _  -  -  2 2  -  2 2  -  -  6 6  -  28 28  1  -  4  8 8  _  -  -  -  -  10.89 10.28-10.89 10.89 10.28-10.89  -  -  -  -  10.50 10.28-10.89 10.50 10.28-10.89  4  22  4  22 6  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  6.59- 7.95  -  8  -  10  -  -  9.37 9.37  10.36 8.11-10.36 10.36 8.11-10.36  2 2  -  -  -  -  -  10.73 10.73  11.26 10.16-11.30 11.26 10.16-11.30  -  -  -  -  _  _  6.81  68  67 67  ♦ * Workers were distributed as follows: 26 under $5.80; 8 at $5.80 to $6.00; 8 at $6.00 to $6.20; and 4 at $6.20 to $6.40 See footnotes at end of tables.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  7  Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in South Bend, Ind., August 1980 Hourly earnings (in dollars)4 Occupation and industry division  Truckdrivers........................................ Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufactunng........................ Public utilities............................  Number of workers  462 179 283 127  Mean2  8.65 7.51 9.37 11.50  Median2  7.97 7.35 7.97 11.58  Middle range2  7.71-11.58 6.13- 8.74 7.71-11.58 11.58-11.58 6.30- 6.56  Truckdrivers, light truck................  17  5.90  6.55  Truckdrivers, medium truck..........  128  9.50  8.74 7.97-11.58  Truckdrivers, tractor-trailer........... Manufacturing...............................  160 96  8.38 6.53  8.00 6.13-11.58 6.13 6.13- 6.44 5.43- 6.73 6.30- 6.73  Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings (in dollars) of — 3.10 and under 3.20  3.20  3.40  3.80  4.20  4.60  5.00  5.40  5.80  6.20  6.60  7.00  7.40  7.80  8.20  8.60  9.00  9.40  9.80  10.20  10.60  11.00  11.40  3.40  3.80  4.20  4.60  5.00  5.40  5.80  6.20  6.60  7.00  7.40  7.80  8.20  8.60  9.00  9.40  9.80  10.20  10.60  11.00  11.40  11.80  _  _  2  1  _  1  -  “  2  1  1  ~  _  " -  1  -  -  2  1  4 4 _  “  -  _ “ -  68 68 "  13 4 9 “  _ ~  -  13  '  35 35 ■  8 8 “ '  ~ ■  10 10 10  ■  ~ '  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  14  -  -  -  -  -  -  54  -  4 "  -  “  ~  10  '  '  49  -  ■  '  '  -  -  -  -  -  “  -  23 17 6  84 84  78 29 49  “  -  -  _ “  -  -  -  -  1  45  1 ”  21 21  18 14 4  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  14  _ -  _ -  _  _ “  _  4 4  “  68 68  "  “  3 3  -  -  2  “  “  -  6 6  6 2  4 4  17 17  4 4  -  "  4 “  "  —  2 2  _ -  -  117 117 117  '  Shippers.............................................. Manufacturing...............................  45 35  6.25 6.57  6.73 6.73  Receivers............................................ Manufacturing...............................  39 27  7.14 7.49  6.30 7.15  5.66- 8.78 6.05- 9.28  _ -  _ “  -  -  2 2  -  4 “  4 4  6 2  4 4  “  2 2  2  -  4 2  4 4  -  ~  7 7  -  Shippers and receivers......................  37  6.47  5.12  4.84- 9.28  -  -  5  -  2  4  11  -  -  -  -  -  1  -  -  -  13  1  -  -  -  -  -  Warehousemen.................................. Manufacturing...............................  223 216  8.92 8.92  9.69 9.69  9.19- 9.69 9.19- 9.69  -  "  -  4 4  2 2  -  “  -  “  16 16  26 26  -  2  "  “  48 43  124 124  "  -  ~  -  1 1  Order fillers......................................... Manufacturing...............................  217 61  7.09 7.91  7.61 8.76  5.54- 7.61 6.80- 8.76  _ -  _  4  “  -  “  44  8 8  -  “  14 14  -  108  -  -  **  35 35  4 4  “  ~  -  ”  _  '  Shipping packers................................ Manufacturing...............................  119 108  6.67 6.86  6.95 6.95  5.54- 6.95 5.54- 6.95  -  -  1  4  2  25 24  -  8 8  48 48  ”  1  “  24 24  -  ■  '  '  ■  -  -  -  “  4 4  2  -  Material handling laborers................ Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufacturing........................  252 148 104  8.09 7.06 9.55  7.97 6.86- 8.58 6.86 6.29- 8.43 7.97 7.97-11.58  _  _ “  “  4 4  “  ”  ~  "  24 24  32 32  41 41  4 4  45 45  2 2  -  “  “  ■  '  ■  “ '  -  “  -  54  -  '  46 ~ 46  Forklift operators................................ Manufacturing...............................  319 303  7.79 7.91  7.84 7.93  6.70- 9.77 6.85- 9.77  _  _  _  _  -  -  -  78 78  12 12  “  17 17  18 18  26 26  18 18  84 84  -  -  24 24  -  -  28 12  -  -  8 8  -  -  6 6  -  ”  “  “  “  Guards................................................. Manufacturing...............................  79 73  7.98 8.31  9.49 9.49  7.61- 9.49 7.61- 9.49  1  _ -  1  1 1  1 1  ”  1 1  3 3  11 11  -  8 8  "  ”  41 41  "  '  '  ‘  -  -  _ -  -  -  7 7  4  *-  Guards, class B..............................  29  6.57  7.61  4.00- 8.44  1  -  1  7  1  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  11  -  8  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  Janitors, porters, and cleaners........ Manufacturing............................... Nonmanufacturing........................  458 219 239  5.47 7.55 3.57  4.48 6.85 3.25  3.25- 6.85 6.49- 9.01 3.10- 3.50  97  66 8 58  40 2 38  15  14  6 4 2  14 12 2  8 5 3  38 38  39 36 3  4  77 77  26 26  -  -  4  4 3 1  -  -  1 1  -  14  9 7 2  -  15  -  -  -  97  ~  -  -  -  See footnotes at end of tables.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  8  -  -  _  “  ~  54  -  -  _  -  -  “  “  -  “ ”  Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, In South Bend, Ind., August 1980 Sex,* occupation, and industry division  Number of workers  Average (mean*) hourly earnings (in dollars)4  Maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant occupations - men  Number of workers  Average (mean*) hourly earnings (in dollars)4  Machine-tool operators (toolroom) Manufacturing.............................  Maintenance carpenters. Manufacturing............  33 31  9.82 9.86  Maintenance electricians Manufacturing............  171 167  9.96 10.03  Maintenance machinists. Manufacturing...........  29 29  9.22 9.22  Maintenance mechanics (machinery)................. Manufacturing...........  282 261  8.83 9.06  Maintenance mechanics (motor vehicles).......... Manufacturing............ Nonmanufacturing.... Public utilities........  196 47 149 93  9.77 9.72 9.79 11.02  Maintenance pipefitters.. Manufacturing...........  108 108  10.64 10.64  Millwrights............ Manufacturing.  148 148  10.50 10.50  27  7.51  Maintenance trades helpers  Sex,® occupation, and industry division  Tool and die makers. Manufacturing.....  116 116  Truckdrivers, light truck  Average (mean*) hourly earnings (in dollars)  9.37 9.37  Warehousemen... Manufacturing  204 199  8.87 8.86  10.73 10.73  Order fillers...........  212  7.10  Shipping packers. Manufacturing  95 90  6.95 7.06  Material handling laborers....................... Manufacturing..........................................  246 143  8.10 7.05  Forklift operators.................................... Manufacturing.......................................  310 294  7.82 7.95  78 73  8.04 8.31  Material movement and custodial occupations - men Truckdrivers....................... Manufacturing.............. Nonmanufacturing...... Public utilities...........  Number of workers  Sex,3 occupation, and industry division  462 179 283 127  8.65 7.51 9.37 11.50  17  5.90  Truckdrivers, medium truck.  128  9.50  Truckdrivers, tractor-trailer.. Manufacturing.....................  160 96  8.38 6.53  Shippers............... Manufacturing.  33 25  6.51 6.82  Receivers............. Manufacturing.  35 27  Shippers and receivers.  28  Guards...................................................... Manufacturing......................... Guards, class B................................. Janitors, porters, and cleaners............................ Manufacturing..................................... . Nonmanufacturing.......................................  6.68 6.03 7.58 3.79  137 31  4.18 7.33  Material movement and custodial occupations - women  7.03 7.49 6.93  28 319 188 131  Janitors, porters, and cleaners Manufacturing.......................  See footnotes at end of tables.  Table A-7. Indexes of earnings and percent increases for selected occupational groups, South Bend, Ind., selected periods All industries Period*  Indexes (August 1977 = 100): August 1979............................................................................................................ August 1980..................................................................................... Percent increases: March 1972 to March 1973................................................................................... March 1973 to March 1974................................................................................... March 1974 to March 1975................................................................................... March 1975 to March 1976....................................................... March 1976 to August 1977: 17-month increase.............................................................................................. Annual rate of increase...................................................................................... August 1977 to August 1978................................................................................ August 1978 to August 1979.................................................................. August 1979 to August 1980.................................................................................  Office clerical  Electronic data processing  118.2 130.7 4.7 6.3 6.1 7.6 11.5 8.0 8.8 8.6 10.6  Manufacturing  Industrial nurses  Skilled mainte­ nance  Unskilled plant  Office clerical  114.2 124.4  117.0 130.5  119.4 133.5  122.0 135.8  117.8  o  8.7 7.3  2.0 9.1 6.8 8.1  6.7 7.7 8.5 7.3  6.7 7.2 8.1 9.3  9.7 6.8 6.2 7.5 8.9  12.8 8.9 8.3 8.0 11.5  16.4 11.3 8.9 9.6 11.8  15.7 10.8 8.7 12.2 11.3  o  See footnotes at end of tables.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  9  Nonmanufacturing  Electronic data processing  Industrial nurses  Skilled mainte­ nance  Unskilled plant  113.5 123.4  117.0 130.5  119.8 134.1  120.4 135.8  3.3 7.4 5.2 7.6  (*)  2.0 9.1 6.9 8.0  6.3 8.0 8.7  6.9 7.3 7.3  12.2 8.5 8.4 8.7  7.5 5.2 5.7 7.4 8.7  12.8 8.9 8.3 8.0 11.5  16.2 11.2 9.2 9.7 11.9  o  e>  (•) C) («)  22.7 15.5 9.3 10.2 12.8  Office clerical  Electronic data processing  Industrial nurses  Unskilled plant  («)  (•)  («)  o  o  o  c)  o  5.9 5.6 7.3 7.6  («)  («)  (*)  («)  (*)  (•)  («)  («)  («)  c)  c)  («) («)  10.4 <«) («)  C)  C)  o  9.0  Table A-8. Average pay relationships within establishments for office clerical occupations, South Bend, Ind., August 1980 Office clerical occupation being compared  Class A Secretaries, class A.............................................................................................................. Secretaries, class B.............................................................................................................. Secretaries, class C.............................................................................................................. Secretaries, class D.............................................................................................................. Stenographers, general........................................................................................................ Typists, class A.................................................................................................................... Typists, class B..................................................................................................................... File clerks, class B.....................«......................................................................................... File clerks, class C................................................................................................................ Messengers........................................................................................................................... Switchboard operators......................................................................................................... Switchboard operator-  Stenog­ raphers  Secretaries  Occupation which equals 100  100 121 149 137 191 149 193  o o 202 147  Class B  Class C  100 119 123 153 <•» 140 «  Class D  File clerks  Typists  General  Class A  100 101 109 121 o 126 101  100 124 101 105 137 97  Class B  Class B  Class C  Switch­ Switch­ board Messen­ board operator gers operators -recep­ tionists  Accounting clerks Class A  Payroll clerks  Class B  Key entry operators Class A  Class B  100  c)  130 122 132 169 148 166 118  o 161 134  100 119  o 104 o n 138 118  106 120 120 146 c) 103 81 107 135 117 101 122 116 134 155 102 86 102 114 133 99 84 109 121 138 Key entry operators, class A.............................................................................................. 106 132 129 156 145 NOTE: This matrix table shows the average (mean) relationship of earnings within establishments between any two occupations compared. Earnings for an occupation in the column heading are expressed as a percent of the earnings for an occupation in the table stub at the point where the data lines for the two intersect. For example, a value of 122 indicates that earnings for the occupation directly above in the heading are 22 percent greater than earnings for the occupation directly to Accounting clerks, class A................................................................................................... Accounting clerks, class B..................................................................................................  100  o o 118 <•>  100  o  110 90  100 106 0  100 73  100  c) 95 85 97 89 o • 100 72 92 84 100 75 85 74 88 99 99 121 105 84 104 95 86 101 88 73 88 r> 69 85 79 72 ,95 103 94 90 o o o 93 124 92 88 106 103 100 87 the left in the stub. Similarly, a value of 85 indicates earnings for the occupation earnings for the occupation in the stub. See appendix A for method of computation. See footnotes at end of tables.  100 100 88 90 107 100 122 100 100 124 in the heading are 15 percent below  Table A-9. Average pay relationships within establishments for professional and technical occupations, South Bend, Ind., August 1980 Professional and technical occupation being compared  Occupation which equals 100  Computer systems analysts (business) Class A  Computer systems analysts (business), class A.................................................................................................. Computer systems analysts(business), class B.................................................................................................. Computer programmers (business), class A ................................................................................................ Computer operators, class A..................................................................................... Computer operators, class B..................................................................................... Computer operators, class C.....................................................................................  Class B  Drafters  Computer operators  Class A  Class A  143 154 (#) 116 128 142 138  100 120 (•) 76 86 99 101  Class B  Class C  Registered in­ dustrial nurses  Class A  Class B  Class C  100 124 147 128  100 120 109  100 98  100 C)  100  114 170 217  C)  C)  112 143 158 163 See table A-8 for description of these pay relationships and appendix A for method of computation. See footnotes at end of tables.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Computer pro­ grammers (busi­ ness)  o  184 (*) C)  124 155 158  10  68 77 95 94  c) o o c)  100  Table A-10. Average pay relationship, within e,tabll,hments for maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant occupations. South Bend, Ind., August 1980  Occupation which equals 100  Mechanics Carpenters  Electricians  Machinists Machinery  Maintenance carpenters....... Maintenance electricians...... Maintenance machinists....... Maintenance mechanics (machinery).......................... Maintenance mechanics (motor vehicles).......... ........ Maintenance pipefitters......... Millwrights................................ Maintenance trades helpers .. Machine-tool operators (toolroom).. Tool and die makers..,  Motor vehicles  Pipefitt€  100 99 96  100 97  100  99  101  104  100  100 99 100 (*)  100 100 100 108  c) c) 102 c)  101 101 101 111  100 100 100 106  100 100 o  o 96  105 97  o «  109 98  112 97  97  Millwrights  Trades helpers  Machinetool operators (toolroom)  Tool and die makers  100 C)  Table A-11. Average pay relationships within establishments for material movement and custodial occupations. South Bend, Ind., August 1980 Material movement and custodial occupation being compared Truckdrivers  Occupation which equals 100 Light truck  Medium truck  T ractor trailer  Receivers  Warehouse men  Truckdrivers, light truck Truckdrivers, medium truck Truckdrivers, tractor-trailer Shippers Receivers Shippers and receivers Warehousemen Order fillers Shipping packers Material handling laborers Forklift operators Guards, class B Janitors, porters, and cleaners See table A-8 for description of these pay relationships and appendix A for method of computation See footnotes at end of tables.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Shippers and  11  Order fillers  Shipping packers  Material han  Guards Forklift operators  Class B  Janitors, por ters, and cleaners  Footnotes  1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 The mean is computed for each job by totaling the earnings of all workers and dividing by the number of workers. The median designates position—half of the workers receive the same or more and half receive the same or less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by two rates of pay; one-fourth of the workers earn the same or less than the lower of these rates and one-fourth earn the same or more than the higher rate. 3 Earnings data relate only to workers whose sex identification was provided by the establishment. 4 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 5 Estimates for periods ending prior to 1976 relate to men only for skilled maintenance  and  unskilled plant workers. All other estimates relate to men and women.  6 Data do not meet publication criteria or data not available.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  12  Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey  In each of the 71 areas1 currently surveyed, the Bureau obtains wages and related benefits data from representative establishments within six broad industry divisions: Manufacturing; transportation, communication, and other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Government operations and the construction and extractive industries are excluded. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of workers are also excluded because of insufficient employment in the occupations studied. Appendix table 1 shows the number of establishments and workers estimated to be within the scope of this survey, as well as the number actually studied. J Bureau field representatives obtain data by personal visits at 3-year intervals. In each of the two intervening years, information on employment and occupational earnings only is collected by a combination of personal visit, mail questionnaire, and telephone interview from establishments participating in the previous survey. A sample of the establishments in the scope of the survey is selected for study prior to each personal visit survey. This sample, minus establishments which go out of business or are no longer within the industrial scope of the survey, is retained for the following two annual surveys. In most cases, establishments new to the area are not considered in the scope of the survey until the selection of a sample for a personal visit survey The sampling procedures involve detailed stratification of all establishments within the scope of an individual area survey by industry and number of employees. From this stratified universe a probability sample is selected, with each establishment having a predetermined chance of selection. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than small establishments is selected. When data are combined, each establishment is weighted according to its probability of selection so that unbiased estimates are generated. For example, if one out of four establishments is selected, it is given a weight of 4 to represent itself plus three others. An alternate of the same original probability is chosen in the same industry-size classification if data are not availabte from the original sample member. If no suitable substitute is available additional weight is assigned to a sample member that is similar to the missing unit. Occupations and earnings  Occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries, and are of the following types: (1) Office clerical- (2) professional and technical; (3) maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant; and (4) material   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  movement and custodial. Occupational classification is based on a uniform set of job  d“lgnedt.t0 take acc°unt of interestablishment variation in duties within the same job Occupations selected for study are listed and described in appendix B Unless otherwise indicated, the earnings data following the job titles are for all industries combined. Earnings data for some of the occupations listed and described, or for some industry divisions within the scope of the survey, are not presented in the Asenes tables because either (I) data were insufficient to provide meaningful statistical results, or (2) there is possibility of disclosure of individual establishment data. Separate men s and women s earnings data are not presented when the number of workers not  identified by sex is 20 percent or more of the men or women identified in an occupation. arnings data not shown separately for industry divisions are included in data for all industries combined. Likewise, for occupations with more than one level, data are included in the overall classification when a subclassification is not shown or information to subclassify is not available. Occupational employment and earnings data are shown for full-time workers ie those hired to work a regular weekly schedule. Earnings data exclude premium pay for ar^exHnrwf hi W°?C week“ds- holidays, and late shifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded, but cost-of-living allowances and incentive bonuses are included. Weekly hours for office clerical and professional and technical occupations refer to the standard workweek (rounded to the nearest half hour) for which employees receive regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime at regular and/or premium rates). Average weekly earnings for these occupations are rounded to the nearest half dollar. Vertical lines within the distribution of workers on some A-tables indicate a change in the size of the class intervals. These surveys measure the level of occupational earnings in an area at a particular time. Changes in an occupational average over time reflect, in addition to earnings changes, factors such as changes in proportions of workers employed by high- or lowwage firms, or high-wage workers advancing to better jobs and being replaced by new workers at lower rates. Such shifts in employment could decrease an occupational average even though most establishments in an area increase wages during the year. Changes in earnings of occupational groups, shown in table A-7, are better indicators of wage trends than are earnings changes for individual jobs within the groups. ye^a®e earnin8s reflect composite, areawide estimates. Industries and establish­ ments differ in pay level and job staffing, and thus contribute differently to the estimates  for each job. Pay averages may fail to reflect accurately the wage differential among jobs in individual establishments. Average pay levels for men and women in selected occupations should not be assumed to reflect differences in pay of the sexes within individual establishments. Factors which may contribute to differences include progression within established rate ranges (only the rates paid incumbents are collected) and performance of specific duties within the general survey job descriptions. Job descriptions used to classify employees in these surveys usually are more generalized than those used in individual establish­ ments and allow for minor differences among establishments in specific duties performed. . . Occupational employment estimates represent the total in all establishments within the scope of the study and not the number actually surveyed. Because occupational structures among establishments differ, estimates of occupational employment obtained from the sample of establishments studied serve only to indicate the relative importance of the jobs studied. These differences in occupational structure do not affect materially the accuracy of the earnings data. Wage trends for selected occupational groups  Indexes in table A-7 measure wages at a given time, expressed as a percent of wages during the base period. Subtracting 100 from the index yields the percent change in wages from the base period to the date of the index. The percent increases in table A-7 relate to wage changes between the indicated dates. Annual rates of increase, where shown, reflect the amount of increase for 12 months when the time span between surveys was other than 12 months. These computations are based on the assumption that wages increased at a constant rate between surveys. The indexes and percent increases are based on changes in average hourly earnings of men and women in establishments reporting the trend jobs in both the current and previous year (matched establishments). The data are adjusted to remove the effects on average earnings of employment shifts among establishments and turnover of establish­ ments included in survey samples. The percent increases, however, are still affected by factors other than wage increases. Hirings, layoffs, and turnover may affect an establishment average for an occupation when workers are paid under plans providing a range of wage rates for individual jobs. In periods of increased hiring, for example, new employees may enter at the bottom of the range, depressing the average without a change in wage rates. Occupations used to compute wage trends are: Office clerical Secretaries Stenographers, senior Stenographers, general Typists, classes A and B File clerks, classes A, B, and C Messengers  Switchboard operators Order clerks, classes A and B Accounting clerks, classes A and B Payroll clerks Key entry operators, classes A and B  Electronic data processing Computer systems analysts, classes A, B, and C   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Computer programmers, classes A, B, and C Computer operators, classes A, B, C  Industrial nurses Registered industrial nurses Skilled maintenance Carpenters Electricians Painters Machinists  Mechanics (machinery) Mechanics (motor vehicle) Pipefitters Tool and die makers Unskilled plant  Janitors, porters, and cleaners  Material handling laborers  Percent changes for individual areas in the program are computed as follows: 1. Average earnings are computed for each occupation for the 2 years being compared. The averages are derived from earnings in those establishments which are in the survey both years; it is assumed that employment remains unchanged. 2. Each occupation is assigned a weight based on its proportionate employment in the occupational group. 3. These weights are used to compute group averages. Each occupation’s average earnings (computed in step 1) are multiplied by its weight. The products are totaled to obtain a group average. 4. The ratio of group averages for 2 consecutive years is computed by dividing the average for the current year by the average for the earlier year. The result— expressed as a percent—less 100 is the percent change. The index is computed by adding 100 to the most recent percent increase, multiplying the total by the previous year’s index number, and dividing the product by 100 to obtain the current index value. For a more detailed description of the method used to compute these wage trends, see ‘Improving Area Wage Survey Indexes,’ Monthly Labor Review, January 1973, pp. 52­ 57. Average pay relationships within establishments  Tables A-8 through A-11 present occupational pay relatives derived from compari­ sons of job averages within individual establishments. The method of computation is as follows: 1.A pay relative for any two occupations is computed for each establishment in which they are found by dividing the average earnings for one occupation by the average for the other and multiplying by 100 (e.g., $5 divided by $4 = 1.25 times 100 = 125).  2. Each pay relative is weighted by the number of workers in the two occupations compared and by the weight assigned to the establishment to represent establish­ ments not included in the survey sample.  addition, the mix of establishments used in the comparisons may differ between the two methods. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions  Tabulations on selected establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions (B-series tables) are not presented in this bulletin. Information for these tabulations is collected at 3-year intervals. These tabulations on minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced office workers; shift differentials; scheduled weekly hours and days; paid holidays; paid vacations; and health, insurance, and pension plans are presented (in the B-series tables) in previous bulletins for this area.  3. The weighted pay relatives for all establishments reporting the two occupations are summed and divided by the total of the weights to produce the average pay relatives shown in the tables. Occupational pay relationships measured in this manner yield considerably different results than those produced by using overall survey averages such as those shown in tables A-l through A-6. The former measure the average pay relationships found within establishments; the latter measure the relationships among job averages in an area. In  1 Includes 70 areas surveyed under the Bureau’s regular program plus Poughkeepsie-KingstonNewburgh, N. Y., which is surveyed under contract. In addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administra­ tion of the U.S. Department of Labor.  Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in South Bend, Ind.,1 August 1980  Industry division*  All divisions.. Manufacturing........................................... Nonmanufacturing.................................... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities5.......................... Wholesale trade"................................... Retail trade"........................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate*.. Services*7..............................................  Minimum employment in establish­ ments in scope of study  Number of establishments  Within scope of study*  Within scope of study4  Studied  Studied  Number  Percent  -  214  93  39,638  100  27,148  50 ”  78 136  29 64  22,400 17,238  57 43  15,988 11,160  50 50 50 50 50  19 17 58 18 24  ■  13 2,969 7 2,596 8 1,581 4 782 20 7,717 19 4,445 9 2,674 7 1,920 14 2,297 6 1,417 4 Includes all workers in all establishments with total employment (within the area) at or above the minimum limitation. 5 Abbreviated to ‘public utilities’ in the A-series tables. Taxicabs and services incidental to water transportation are excluded. South Bend’s local-transit system is municipally operated and is excluded by definition from the scope of the survey.  February 1974, consists of Marshall and St. Joseph Counties. The ‘workers within scope of study’ estimates provide a reasonably accurate descriptions the size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison with other statistical series to measure employment trends or levels since (1) planning of wage surveys requires establishment data compiled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied, and (2) small establishments are excluded from the scope of the survey. * The 1972 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual was used to classify establishments by industry division. All government operations are excluded from the scope of the survey. 5 Includes all establishments with total employment at or above the minimum limitation. All outlets (within the area) of nonmanufacturing companies are considered as one establishment when located within the same industry division.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Workers in establishments  * Separate data for this division are not presented in the A-series tables, but the division is represented in the ‘all industries’ and ‘nonmanufacturing’ estimates. 7 Hotels and motels; laundries and other personal services; business services; automobile repair, rental, and parking; motion pictures; nonprofit membership organizations (excluding religious and charitable organizations); and engineering and architectur­ al services.  15  Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions  The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau’s wage surveys is to assist its field representatives in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits grouping occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau’s job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau’s field representatives are instructed to exclude working supervisors; apprentices; and part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. Handicapped workers whose earnings are reduced because of their handicap are also excluded. Learners, beginners, and trainees, unless specifically included in the job description, are excluded.  d.  Assistant-type positions which entail more difficult or more responsible technical, administrative, or supervisory duties which are not typical of secretarial work, e.g., Administrative Assistant, or Executive Assistant;  e.  Positions which do not fit any of the situations listed in the sections below titled ‘Level of Supervisor,’ e.g., secretary to the president of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 persons;  f-  Trainees.  Classification by Level. Secretary jobs which meet the required characteristics are  Office SECRETARY  Assigned as a personal secretary, normally to one individual. Maintains a close and highly responsive relationship to the day-to-day activities of the supervisor. Works fairly independently receiving a minimum of detailed supervision and guidance. Performs varied clerical and secretarial duties requiring a knowledge of office routine and understanding of the organization, programs, and procedures related to the work of the supervisor. Exclusions. Not all positions that are titled ‘secretary’ possess the above characteristics. Examples of positions which are excluded from the definition are as follows: a.  Positions which do not meet the ‘personal’ secretary concept described above;  b.  Stenographers not fully trained in secretarial-type duties;  c.  Stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of professional, technical, or managerial persons;   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  matched at one of five levels according to (a) the level of the secretary’s supervisor within the company’s organizational structure and, (b) the level of the secretary’s responsibility. The tabulation following the explanations of these two factors indicates the level of the secretary for each combination of the factors. Level ofSecretary’s Supervisor (LS) LS-1  Secretary to the supervisor or head of a small organizational unit (e.g., fewer than about 25 or 30 persons); or Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, professional employee, administrative officer or assistant, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE: Many companies assign stenographers, rather than secretaries as described above, to this level of supervisory or nonsupervisory worker.)  LS-2 a-  b.  Level ofSecretary’s Responsibility (LR) This factor evaluates the nature of the work relationship between the secretary and the supervisor, and the extent to which the secretary is expected to exercise initiative and judgment. Secretaries should be matched at LR-1 or LR-2 described below according to their level of responsibility.  Secretary to an executive or managerial person whose responsibility is not equivalent to one of the specific level situations in the definition for LS-3, but whose organizational unit normally numbers at least several dozen employees and is usually divided into organizational segments which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or two; or Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc., (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, fewer than 5,000 persons.  LR-1 Performs varied secretarial duties including or comparable to most of the following:  LS-3 a. b. c.  d. e.  a. Answers telephones, greets personal callers, and opens incoming mail. bAnswers telephone requests which have standard answers. May reply to requests by sending a form letter. c. Reviews correspondence, memoranda, and reports prepared by others for the supervisor’s signature to ensure procedural and typographical accura­ cy. d. Maintains supervisor’s calendar and makes appointments as instructed. e. Types, takes and transcribes dictation, and files.  Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in all, fewer than 100 persons; or Secretary to a corporate officer (other than chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 persons; or Secretary to the head (immediately below the officer level) over either a major corporatewide functional activity (e.g., marketing, research, oper­ ations, industrial relations, etc.) or a major geographic or organizational segment (e.g., a regional headquarters; a major division) of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000 employees; or Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc., (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, over 5,000 persons; or Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational segment (e.g., a middle management supervisor of an organizational segment often involving as many as several hundred persons) of a company that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons.  LR-2 Performs duties described under LR-1 and, in addition performs tasks requiring greater judgment, initiative, and knowledge of office functions including or compara­ ble to most of the following: a. b.  LS-4 a. b. c.  c.  Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 persons; or Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000 persons; or Secretary to the head, immediately below the corporate officer level, of a major segment or subsidiary of a company that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons.  d. e-  The following tabulation shows the level of the secretary for each LS and LR combination:  NOTE: The term ‘corporate officer’ used in the above LS definition refers to those officials who have a significant corporatewide policy-making role with regard to major company activities. The title ‘vice president,’ though normally indicative of this role, does not in all cases identify such positions. Vice presidents whose primary responsibili­ ty is to act personally on individual cases or transactions (e.g., approve or deny individual loan or credit actions; administer individual trust accounts; directly supervise a clerical staff) are not considered to be ‘corporate officers’ for purposes of applying the definition.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Screens telephone and personal callers, determining which can be handled by the supervisor’s subordinates or other offices. Answers requests which require a detailed knowledge of office procedures or collection of information from files or other offices. May sign routine correspondence in own or supervisor’s name. Compiles or assists in compiling periodic reports on the basis of general instructions. Schedules tentative appointments without prior clearance. Assembles necessary background material for scheduled meetings. Makes arrange­ ments for meetings and conferences. Explains supervisor’s requirements to other employees in supervisor’s unit. (Also types, takes dictation, and files.)  LS-1. LS-2. LS-3. LS-4.  1  LR-1 Class E Class D Class C Class B  LR-2 Class D Class C Class B Class A  *  STENOGRAPHER  FILE CLERK  Primary duty is to take dictation using shorthand, and to transcribe the dictation. May also type from written copy. May operate from a stenographic pool. May occasionally transcribe from voice recordings (if primary duty is transcribing from recordings, see Transcribing-Machine Typist). NOTE-. This job is distinguished from that of a secretary in that a secretary normally works in a confidential relationship with only one manager or executive and performs more responsible and discretionary tasks as described in the secretary job definition.  Files, classifies, and retrieves material in an established filing system. May perform clerical and manual tasks required to maintain files. Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions. Class A. Classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc., in an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks.  Stenographer, Senior. Dictation involves a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc., OR Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsibility than stenographer, general, as evidenced by the following: Work requires a high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; a thorough working knowledge of general business and office procedure and of the specific business operations, organiza­ tion, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as maintaining follow-up files; assembling material for reports, memoranda, and letters; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc.  Class B. Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Class C. Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numerical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. May perform simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. MESSENGER  Stenographer, General. Dictation involves a normal routine vocabulary. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks.  Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. Exclude positions that require operation of a motor vehicle as a significant duty.  TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE TYPIST  Primary duty is to type copy of voice recorded dictation which does not involve varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as that used in legal briefs or reports on scientific research. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. (See Stenographer definition for workers involved with shorthand dictation.)  SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR  Operates a telephone switchboard or console used with a private branch exchange (PBX) system to relay incoming, outgoing, and intrasystem calls. May provide information to callers, record and transmit messages, keep record of calls placed and toll charges. Besides operating a telephone switchboard or console, may also type or perform routine clerical work (typing or routine clerical work may occupy the major portion of the worker’s time, and is usually performed while at the switchboard or console). Chief or lead operators in establishments employing more than one operator are excluded. For an operator who also acts as a receptionist, see Switchboard Operator-Receptionist.  TYPIST  Uses a typewriter to make copies of various materials or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little* special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail.  SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST  Class A. Performs one or more of the following: Typing material in final form when it involves combining material from several sources; or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language material; or planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances.  At a single-position telephone switchboard or console, acts both as an operator—see Switchboard Operator—and as a receptionist. Receptionist’s work involves such duties as greeting visitors; determining nature of visitor’s business and providing appropriate information; referring visitor to appropriate person in the organization or contacting that person by telephone and arranging an appointment; keeping a log of visitors. ORDER CLERK  Class B. Performs one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; or routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc.; or setting up simple standard tabulations; or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Receives written or verbal customers’ purchase orders for material or merchandise from customers or sales people. Work typically involves some combination of the following duties: Quoting prices; determining availability of ordered items and  18  suggesting substitutes when necessary; advising expected delivery date and method of delivery; recording order and customer information on order sheets; checking order sheets for accuracy and adequacy of information recorded; ascertaining credit rating of customer; furnishing customer with acknowledgement of receipt of order; following up to see that order is delivered by the specified date or to let customer know of a delay in delivery; maintaining order file; checking shipping invoice against original order. Exclude workers paid on a commission basis or whose duties include any of the following: Receiving orders for services rather than for material or merchandise; providing customers with consultative advice using knowledge gained from engineering or extensive technical training; emphasizing selling skills; handling material or merchan­ dise as an integral part of the job. Positions are classified into levels according to the following definitions: Class A. Handles orders that involve making judgments such as choosing which specific product or material from the establishment’s product lines will satisfy the customer’s needs, or determining the price to be quoted when pricing involves more than merely referring to a price list or making some simple mathematical calculations. Class B. Handles orders involving items which have readily identified uses and applications. May refer to a catalog, manufacturer’s manual, or similar document to insure that proper item is supplied or to verify price of ordered item. ACCOUNTING CLERK  Performs one or more accounting clerical tasks such as posting to registers and ledgers; reconciling bank accounts; verifying the internal consistency, completeness, and mathematical accuracy of accounting documents; assigning prescribed accounting distribution codes; examining and verifying for clerical accuracy various types of reports, lists, calculations, posting, etc.; or preparing simple or assisting in preparing more complicated journal vouchers. May work in either a manual or automated accounting system. The work requires a knowledge of clerical methods and office practices and procedures which relates to the clerical processing and recording of transactions and accounting information. With experience, the worker typically becomes familiar with the bookkeeping and accounting terms and procedures used in the assigned work, but is not required to have a knowledge of the formal principles of bookkeeping and accounting. Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions: Class A. Under general supervision, performs accounting clerical operations which require the application of experience and judgment, for example, clerically processing complicated or nonrepetitive accounting transactions, selecting among a substantial variety of prescribed accounting codes and classifications, or tracing transactions through previous accounting actions to determine source of discrepancies. May be assisted by one or more class B accounting clerks. Class B. Under close supervision, following detailed instructions and standardized procedures, performs one or more routine accounting clerical operations, such as posting to ledgers, cards, or worksheets where identification of items and locations of postings are clearly indicated; checking accuracy and completeness of standardized and repetitive records or accounting documents; and coding documents using a few prescribed accounting codes.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  PAYROLL CLERK  Performs the clerical tasks necessary to process payrolls and to maintain payroll records. Work involves most of the following-. Processing workers’ time or production records; adjusting workers’ records for changes in wage rates, supplementary benefits, or tax deductions; editing payroll listings against source records; tracing and correcting errors in listings; and assisting in preparation of periodic summary payroll reports. In a nonautomated payroll system, computes wages. Work may require a practical knowl­ edge of governmental regulations, company payroll policy, or the computer system for processing payrolls. KEY ENTRY OPERATOR  Operates keyboard-controlled data entry device such as keypunch machine or keyoperated magnetic tape or disk encoder to transcribe data into a form suitable for computer processing. Work requires skill in operating an alphanumeric keyboard and an understanding of transcribing procedures and relevant data entry equipment. Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions: Class A. Work requires the application of experience and judgment in selecting procedures to be followed and in searching for, interpreting, selecting, or coding items to be entered from a variety of source documents. On occasion may also perform routine work as described for class B. NOTE: Excluded are operators above class A using the key entry controls to access, read, and evaluate the substance of specific records to take substantive actions, or to make entries requiring a similar level of knowledge. Class B. Work is routine and repetitive. Under close supervision or following specific procedures or detailed instructions, works from various standardized source documents which have been coded and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be entered. Refers to supervisor problems arising from erroneous items, codes, or missing information.  Professional and Technical COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESS  Analyzes business problems to formulate procedures for solving them by use of electronic data processing equipment. Develops a complete description of all specifica­ tions needed to enable programmers to prepare required digital computer programs. Work involves most of the following-. Analyzes subject-matter operations to be automated and identifies conditions and criteria required to achieve satisfactory results; specifies number and types of records, files, and documents to be used; outlines actions to be performed by personnel and computers in sufficient detail for presentation to management and for programming (typically this involves preparation of work and data flow charts); coordinates the development of test problems and participates in trial runs of new and revised systems; and recommends equipment changes to obtain more effective overall operations. (NOTE: Workers performing both systems analysis and programming should be classified as systems analysts if this is the skill used to determine their pay.)  programs; prepares instructions for operating personnel during production run; analyzes, reviews, and alters programs to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirements; maintains records of program development and revisions. (NOTE: Workers performing both systems analysis and programming should be classified as systems analysts if this is the skill used to determine their pay.) Does not include employees primarily responsible for the management or supervision of other electronic data processing employees, or programmers primarily concerned with scientific and/or engineering problems. For wage study purposes, programmers are classified as follows:  Does not include employees primarily responsible for the management or supervision of other electronic data processing employees, or systems analysts primarily concerned with scientific or engineering problems. For wage study purposes, systems analysts are classified as follows: Class A. Works independently or under only general direction on complex problems involving all phases of systems analysis. Problems are complex because of diverse sources of input data and multiple-use requirements of output data. (For example, develops an integrated production scheduling, inventory control, cost analysis, and sales analysis record in which every item of each type is automatically processed through the full system of records and appropriate followup actions are initiated by the computer.) Confers with persons concerned to determine the data processing problems and advises subject-matter personnel on the implications of new or revised systems of data processing operations. Makes recommendations, if needed, for approval of major systems installations or changes and for obtaining equipment. May provide functional direction to lower level systems analysts who are assigned to assist.  Class A. Works independently or under only general direction on complex problems which require competence in all phases of programming concepts and practices. Working from diagrams and charts which identify the nature of desired results, major processing steps to be accomplished, and the relationships between various steps of the problem solving routine; plans the full range of programming actions needed to efficiently utilize the computer system in achieving desired end products. At this level, programming is difficult because computer equipment must be organized to produce several interrelated but diverse products from numerous and diverse data elements. A wide variety and extensive number of internal processing actions must occur. This requires such actions as development of common operations which can be reused, establishment of linkage points between operations, adjustments to data when program requirements exceed computer storage capacity, and substantial manipulation and resequencing of data elements to form a highly integrated program. May provide functional direction to lower level programmers who are assigned to assist.  Class B. Works independently or under only general direction on problems that are relatively uncomplicated to analyze, plan, program, and operate. Problems are of limited complexity because sources of input data are homogeneous and the output data are closely related. (For example, develops systems for maintaining depositor accounts in a bank, maintaining accounts receivable in a retail establishment, or maintaining inventory accounts in a manufacturing or wholesale establishment.) Confers with persons concerned to determine the data processing problems and advises subjectmatter personnel on the implications of the data processing systems to be applied, OR Works on a segment of a complex data processing scheme or system, as described for class A. Works independently on routine assignments and receives instruction and guidance on complex assignments. Work is reviewed for accuracy of judgment, compliance with instructions, and to insure proper alignment with the overall system.  Class B. Works independently or under only general direction on relatively simple programs, or on simple segments of complex programs. Programs (or segments) usually process information to produce data in two or three varied sequences or formats. Reports and listings are produced by refining, adapting, arraying, or making minor additions to or deletions from input data which are readily available. While numerous records may be processed, the data have been refined in prior actions so that the accuracy and sequencing of data can be tested by using a few routine checks. Typically, the program deals with routine recordkeeping operations, OR Works on complex programs (as described for class A) under close direction of a higher level programmer or supervisor. May assist higher level programmer by independently performing less difficult tasks assigned, and performing more difficult tasks under fairly close direction. May guide or instruct lower level programmers.  Class C. Works under immediate supervision, carrying out analyses as assigned, usually of a single activity. Assignments are designed to develop and expand practical experience in the application of procedures and skills required for systems analysis work. For example, may assist a higher level systems analyst by preparing the detailed specifications required by programmers from information developed by the higher level analyst. COMPUTER PROGRAMMER, BUSINESS  Converts statements of business problems, typically prepared by a systems analyst, into a sequence of detailed instructions which are required to solve the problems by automatic data processing equipment. Working from charts or diagrams, the program­ mer develops the precise instructions which, when entered into the computer system in coded language, cause the manipulation of data to achieve desired results. Work involves most of the following-. Applies knowledge of computer capabilities, mathemat­ ics, logic employed by computers, and particular subject matter involved to analyze charts and diagrams of the problem to be programmed; develops sequence of program steps; writes detailed flow charts to show order in which data will be processed; converts these charts to coded instructions for machine to follow; tests and corrects   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Class C. Makes practical applications of programming practices and concepts usually learned in formal training courses. Assignments are designed to develop competence in the application of standard procedures to routine problems. Receives close supervision on new aspects of assignments; and work is reviewed to verify its accuracy and conformance with required procedures. COMPUTER OPERATOR  In accordance with operating instructions, monitors and operates the control console of a digital computer to process data. Executes runs by either serial processing  20  (processes one program at a time) or multiprocessing (processes two or more programs simultaneously). The following duties characterize the work of a computer operator: * * * * * *  Studies operating instructions to determine equipment setup needed. Loads equipment with required items (tapes, cards, disks, paper, etc.). Switches necessary auxiliary equipment into system. Starts and operates computer. Responds to operating and computer output instructions. Reviews error messages and makes corrections during operation or refers problems. Maintains operating record.  May test-run new or modified programs. May assist in modifying systems or programs. The scope of this definition includes trainees working to become fully qualified computer operators, fully qualified computer operators, and lead operators providing technical assistance to lower level operators. It excludes workers who monitor and operate remote terminals. Class A. In addition to work assignments described for a class B operator (see below) the work of a class A operator involves at least one of the following:  *  Deviates from standard procedures to avoid the loss of information or to conserve computer time even though the procedures applied materially alter the computer unit’s production plans. Tests new programs, applications, and procedures. Advises programmers and subject-matter experts on setup techniques. Assists in (1) maintaining, modifying, and developing operating systems or programs; (2) developing operating instructions and techniques to cover problem situations; and/or (3) switching to emergency backup procedures (such assistance requires a working knowledge of program language, computer features, and software systems).  An operator at this level typically guides lower level operators. Class B. In addition to established production runs, work assignments include runs involving new programs, applications, and procedures (i.e., situations which require the operator to adapt to a variety of problems). At this level, the operator has the training and experience to work fairly independently in carrying out most assignments. Assignments may require the operator to select from a variety of standard setup and operating procedures. In responding to computer output instructions or error condi­ tions, applies standard operating or corrective procedures, but may deviate from standard procedures when standard procedures fail if deviation does not materially alter the computer unit’s production plans. Refers the problem or aborts the program when procedures applied do not provide a solution. May guide lower level operators. Class C. Work assignments are limited to established production runs (i.e., programs which present few operating problems). Assignments may consist primarily of on-thejob training (sometimes augmented by classroom instruction). When learning to run programs, the supervisor or a higher level operator provides detailed written or oral   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  guidance to the operator before and during the run. After the operator has gained experience with a program, however, the operator works fairly independently in applying standard operating or corrective procedures in responding to computer output instructions or error conditions, but refers problems to a higher level operator or the supervisor when standard procedures fail. PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT OPERATOR  Operates peripheral equipment which directly supports digital computer operations. Such equipment is uniquely and specifically designed for computer applications, but need not be physically or electronically connected to a computer. Printers, plotters, card read/punches, tape readers, tape units or drives, disk units or drives, and data display units are examples of such equipment. The following duties characterize the work of a peripheral equipment operator:  * * * *  Loading printers and plotters with correct paper; adjusting controls for forms, thickness, tension, printing density, and location; and unloading hard copy. Labelling tape reels, disks, or card decks. Checking labels and mounting and dismounting designated tape reels or disks on specified units or drives. Setting controls which regulate operation of the equipment. Observing panel lights for warnings and error indications and taking appropriate action. Examining tapes, cards, or other material for creases, tears, or other defects which could cause processing problems.  This classification excludes workers (1) who monitor and operate a control console (see computer operator) or a remote terminal, or (2) whose duties are limited to operating decollates, bursters, separators, or similar equipment. COMPUTER DATA LIBRARIAN  Maintains library of media (tapes, disks, cards, cassettes) used for automatic data processing applications. The following or similar duties characterize the work of a computer data librarian: Classifying, cataloging, and storing media in accordance with a standardized system; upon proper requests, releasing media for processing; maintaining records of releases and returns; inspecting returned media for damage or excessive wear to determine whether or not they need replacing. May perform minor repairs to damaged tapes. DRAFTER  Performs drafting work requiring knowledge and skill in drafting methods, proce­ dures, and techniques. Prepares drawings of structures, mechanical and electrical equipment, piping and duct systems and other similar equipment, systems, and assemblies. Uses recognized systems of symbols, legends, shadings, and lines having specific meanings in drawings. Drawings are used to communicate engineering ideas, designs, and information in support of engineering functions. The following are excluded when they constitute the primary purpose of the job: *  Design work requiring the technical knowledge, skill, and ability to conceive or originate designs;  • • • •  Class E. Working under close supervision, traces or copies finished drawings, making clearly indicated revisions. Uses appropriate templates to draw curved lines. Assign­ ments are designed to develop increasing skill in various drafting techniques. Work is spot-checked during progress and reviewed upon completion.  Illustrating work requiring artistic ability; Work involving the preparation of charts, diagrams, room arrangements, floor plans, etc.; Cartographic work involving the preparation of maps or plats and related materials, and drawings of geological structures; and Supervisory work involving the management of a drafting program or the supervision of drafters.  NOTE: Exclude drafters performing elementary tasks while receiving training in the most basic drafting methods. ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN  Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions.  Works on various types of electronic equipment and related devices by performing one or a combination of the following: Installing, maintaining, repairing, overhauling, troubleshooting, modifying, constructing, and testing. Work requires practical applica­ tion of technical knowledge of electronics principles, ability to determine malfunctions, and skill to put equipment in required operating condition. The equipment—consisting of either many different kinds of circuits or multiple repetition of the same kind of circuit—includes, but is not limited to, the following: (a) electronic transmitting and receiving equipment (e.g., radar, radio, television, tele­ phone, sonar, navigational aids), (b) digital and analog computers, and (c) industrial and medical measuring and controlling equipment. This classification excludes repairers of such standard electronic equipment as common office machines and household radio and television sets; production assemb­ lers and testers; workers whose primary duty is servicing electronic test instruments; technicians who have administrative or supervisory responsibility; and drafters, designers, and professional engineers. Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions:  Class A. Works closely with design originators, preparing drawings of unusual, complex or original designs which require a high degree of precision. Performs unusually difficult assignments requiring considerable initiative, resourcefulness, and drafting expertise. Assures that anticipated problems in manufacture, assembly, installation, and operation are resolved by the drawings produced. Exercises independent judgment in selecting and interpreting data based on a knowledge of the design intent. Although working primarily as a drafter, may occasionally perform engineering design work in interpreting general designs prepared by others or in completing missing design details. May provide advice and guidance to lower level drafters or serve as coordinator and planner for large and complex drafting projects. *  Class B. Prepares complete sets of complex drawings which include multiple views, detail drawings, and assembly drawings. Drawings include complex design features that require considerable drafting skill to visualize and portray. Assignments regularly require the use of mathematical formulas to compute weights, load capacities, dimensions, quantities of materials, etc. Working from sketches and verbal information supplied by an engineer or designer, determines the most appropriate views, detail drawings, and supplementary information needed to complete assignments. Selects required information from precedents, manufacturers’ catalogs, and technical guides. Independently resolves most of the problems encountered. Supervisor or designer may suggest methods of approach or provide advice on unusually difficult problems.  Class ,4. Applies advanced technical knowledge to solve unusually complex problems (i.e., those that typically cannot be solved solely by reference to manufacturers’ manuals or similar documents) in working on electronic equipment. Examples of such problems include location and density of circuitry, electromagnetic radiation, isolating malfunctions, and frequent engineering changes. Work involves: A detailed understan­ ding of the interrelationships of circuits; exercising independent judgment in perfor­ ming such tasks as making circuit analyses, calculating wave forms, tracing relation­ ships in signal flow; and regularly using complex text instruments (e.g., dual trace oscilloscopes, Q-meters, deviation meters, pulse generators). Work may be reviewed by supervisor (frequently an engineer or designer) for general compliance with accepted practices. May provide technical guidance to lower level technicians.  NOTE: Exclude drafters performing work of similar difficulty to that described at this level but who provide support for a variety of organizations which have widely differing functions or requirements. Class C. Prepares various drawings of parts and assemblies, including sectional profiles,’ irregular or reverse curves, hidden lines, and small or intricate details. Work requires use of most of the conventional drafting techniques and a working knowledge of the terms and procedures of the industry. Familiar or recurring work is assigned in general terms; unfamiliar assignments include information on methods, procedures, sources of information, and precedents to be followed. Simple revisions to existing drawings may be assigned with a verbal explanation of the desired results; more complex revisions are produced from sketches which clearly depict the desired product.  Class B. Applies comprehensive technical knowledge to solve complex problems (i.e., those that typically can be solved solely by properly interpreting manufacturers’ manuals or similar documents) in working on electronic equipment. Work involves: A familiarity with the interrelationships of circuits; and judgment in determining work sequence and in selecting tools and testing instructions, usually less complex than those used by the class A technician. Receives technical guidance, as required, from supervisor or higher level technician, and work is reviewed for specific compliance with accepted practices and work assignments. May provide technical guidance to lower level technicians.  Class D. Prepares drawings of simple, easily visualized parts or equipment from sketches or marked-up prints. Selects appropriate templates and other equipment needed to complete assignments. Drawings fit familiar patterns and present few technical problems. Supervisor provides detailed instructions on new assignments, gives guidance when questions arise, and reviews completed work for accuracy.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  22  Class C. Applies working technical knowledge to perform simple or routine tasks in working on electronic equipment, following detailed instructions which cover virtually all procedures. Work typically involves such tasks as: Assisting higher level technicians by performing such activities as replacing components, wiring circuits, and taking test readings; repairing simple electronic equipment; and using tools and common test instruments (e.g., multimeters, audio signal generators, tube testers, oscilloscopes). Is not required to be familiar with the interrelationships of circuits. This knowledge, however, may be acquired through assignments designed to increase competence (including classroom training) so that worker can advance to higher level technician. Receives technical guidance, as required, from supervisor or higher level technician. Work is typically spot-checked, but is given detailed review when new or advanced assignments are involved.  Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishment. Work involves the following-. Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.  REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL NURSE  MAINTENANCE MACHINIST  A registered nurse gives nursing service under general medical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination ofthefollowing-. Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. Nursing supervisors or head nurses in establishments employing more than one nurse are excluded.  Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following-. Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for this work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist’s work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.  Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant MAINTENANCE CARPENTER  Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIAN  Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following-. Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, control­ lers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general,   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MAINTENANCE PAINTER  MAINTENANCE MECHANIC (MACHINERY)  Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following-. Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shops; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a machinery maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprentice­ ship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MAINTENANCE MECHANIC (MOTOR VEHICLE)  Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an establishment. Work involves most of the following-. Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and aligning wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the motor vehicle maintenance mechanic requires  rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. This classification does not include mechanics who repair customers’ vehicles in automobile repair shops.  trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools, and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis.  MAINTENANCE PIPEFITTER  Specializes in operating one or more than one type of machine tool (e.g., jig borer, grinding machine, engine lathe, milling machine) to machine metal for use in making or maintaining jigs, fixtures, cutting tools, gauges, or metal dies or molds used in shaping or forming metal or nonmetallic material (e.g., plastic, plaster, rubber, glass). Work typically involves-. Planning and performing difficult machining operations which require complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; setting up machine tool or tools (e.g., install cutting tools and adjust guides, stops, working tables, and other controls to handle the size of stock to be machined; determine proper feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence or select those prescribed in drawings, blueprints, or layouts); using a variety of precision measuring instruments; making necessary adjustments during machining operation to achieve requisite dimensions to very close tolerances. May be required to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils, to recognize when tools need dressing, and to dress tools. In general, the work of a machine-tool operator (toolroom) at the skill level called for in this classification requires extensive knowledge of machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through considerable on-thejob training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, this classification does not include machinetool operators (toolroom) employed in tool and die jobbing shops.  MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR (TOOLROOM)  Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following-. Laying out work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe­ cutting machines; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. MAINTENANCE SHEET-METAL WORKER  Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following-. Planning and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheetmetal working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.  TOOL AND DIE MAKER  Constructs and repairs jigs, fixtures, cutting tools, gauges, or metal dies or molds used in shaping or forming metal or nonmetallic material (e.g., plastic, plaster, rubber, glass). Work typically involves-. Planning and laying out work according to models, blueprints, drawings, or other written or oral specifications; understanding the working properties of common metals and alloys; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes required to complete task; making necessary shop computations; setting up and operating various machine tools and related equipment; using various tool and die maker’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; working to very close tolerances; heat-treating metal parts and finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; fitting and assembling parts to prescribed tolerances and allowances. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, this classification does not include tool and die makers who (1) are employed in tool and die jobbing shops or (2) produce forging dies (die sinkers).  MILLWRIGHT  Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following-. Planning and laying out work; interpreting blueprints or other specifica­ tions; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; aligning and balancing equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright’s work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.  STATIONARY ENGINEER  Operates and maintains one or more systems which provide an establishment with such services as heat, air-conditioning (cool, humidify, dehumidify, filter, and circulate air), refrigeration, steam or high-temperature water, or electricity. Duties involve: Observing and interpreting readings on gauges, meters, and charts which register various aspects of the system’s operation; adjusting controls to insure safe and efficient operation of the system and to meet demands for the service provided; recording in logs  MAINTENANCE TRADES HELPER  Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  24  various aspects of the system’s operation; keeping the engines, machinery, and equipment of the system in good working order. May direct and coordinate activities of other workers (not stationary engineers) in performing tasks directly related to operating and maintaining the system or systems. The classification excludes head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer; workers required to be skilled in the repair of electronic control equipment; and workers in establishments producing electricity, steam, or heated or cooled air primarily for sale.  Shippers typically are responsible for most of the following: Verifying that orders are accurately filled by comparing items and quantities of goods gathered for shipment against documents; insuring that shipments are properly packaged, identified with shipping information, and loaded into transporting vehicles; preparing and keeping records of goods shipped, e.g., manifests, bills of lading. Receivers typically are responsible for most of the following: Verifying the correct­ ness of incoming shipments by comparing items and quantities unloaded against bills of lading, invoices, manifests, storage receipts, or other records; checking for damaged goods; insuring that goods are appropriately identified for routing to departments within the establishment; preparing and keeping records of goods received. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows:  BOILER TENDER  Tends one or more boilers to produce steam or high-temperature water for use in an establishment. Fires boiler. Observes and interprets readings on gauges, meters, and charts which register various aspects of boiler operation. Adjusts controls to insure safe and efficient boiler operation and to meet demands for steam or high-temperature water. May also do one or more of the following: Maintain a log in which various aspects of boiler operation are recorded; clean, oil, make minor repairs or assist in repairs to boilerroom equipment; and, following prescribed methods, treat boiler water with chemicals and analyze boiler water for such things as acidity, causticity, and alkalinity. The classification excludes workers in establishments producing electricity, steam, or heated or cooled air primarily for sale.  Shipper Receiver Shipper and receiver WAREHOUSEMAN  As directed, performs a variety of warehousing duties which require an understanding of the establishment's storage plan. Work involves most of the following: Verifying materials (or merchandise) against receiving documents, noting and reporting discrep­ ancies and obvious damages; routing materials to prescribed storage locations; storing, stacking, or palletizing materials in accordance with prescribed storage methods; rearranging and taking inventory of stored materials; examining stored materials and reporting deterioration and damage; removing material from storage and preparing it for shipment. May operate hand or power trucks in performing warehousing duties. Exclude workers whose primary duties involve shipping and receiving work (see Shipper and Receiver and Shipping Packer), order filling (see Order Filler), or operating power trucks (see Power-Truck Operator).  Material Movement and Custodial TRUCKDRIVER  Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or workers between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Salesroute and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckd rivers are classified by type and rated capacity of truck, as follows:  ORDER FILLER  Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties.  Truckdriver, light truck (straight truck, under 1 1/2 tons, usually 4 wheels) Truckdriver, medium truck (straight truck, 1 1/2 to 4 tons inclusive, usually 6 wheels) Truckdriver, heavy truck (straight truck, over 4 tons, usually 10 wheels) Truckdriver, tractor-trailer  SHIPPING PACKER  Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.  SHIPPER AND RECEIVER  Performs clerical and physical tasks in connection with shipping goods of the establishment in which employed and receiving incoming shipments. In performing day-to-day, routine tasks, follows established guidelines. In handling unusual nonrou­ tine problems, receives specific guidance from supervisor or other officials. May direct and coordinate the activities of other workers engaged in handling goods to be shipped or being received.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  25  Class A. Enforces regulations designed to prevent breaches of security. Exercises judgment and uses discretion in dealing with emergencies and security violations encountered. Determines whether first response should be to intervene directly (asking for assistance when deemed necessary and time allows), to keep situation under surveillance, or to report situation so that it can be handled by appropriate authority. Duties require specialized training in methods and techniques of protecting security areas. Commonly, the guard is required to demonstrate continuing physical fitness and proficiency with firearms or other special weapons.  MATERIAL HANDLING LABORER  A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establish­ ment whose duties involve one or more of the following-. Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshore workers, who load and unload ships, are excluded. POWER-TRUCK OPERATOR  Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of powertruck, as follows:  Class B. Carries out instructions primarily oriented toward insuring that emergencies and security violations are readily discovered and reported to appropriate authority. Intervenes directly only in situations which require minimal action to safeguard property or persons. Duties require minimal training. Commonly, the guard is not required to demonstrate physical fitness. May be armed, but generally is not required to demonstrate proficiency in the use of firearms or special weapons.  Forklift operator Power-truck operator (other than forklift)  JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER  GUARD  Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following-. Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded.  Protects property from theft or damage, or persons from hazards or interference. Duties involve serving at a fixed post, making rounds on foot or by motor vehicle, or escorting persons or property. May be deputized to make arrests. May also help visitors and customers by answering questions and giving directions. Guards employed by establishments which provide protective services on a contract basis are included in this occupation. For wage study purposes, guards are classified as follows:   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  26  Service Contract Act Surveys The following areas are surveyed per­ iodically for use in administering the Service Contract Act of 1965. Survey results are published in releases which are available, at no cost, while supplies last from any of the BLS regional offices shown on the back cover. Alaska (statewide) Albany, Ga. Albuquerque, N. Mex. Alexandria-Leesville, La. Alpena-Standish-Tawas City, Mich. Ann Arbor, Mich. Asheville, N.C. Atlantic City, N.J. Augusta, Ga.-S.C. Austin, Tex. Bakersfield, Calif.  Baton Rouge, La. Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange and Lake Charles, Tex.-La. Biloxi-Gulfport and PascagoulaMoss PointrMiss. Binghamton, N.Y. Birmingham, Ala. Bremerton-Shelton, Wash. Brunswick, Ga. Cedar Rapids, Iowa Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul, 111. Charleston-North CharlestonWalterboro, S.C. Cheyenne, Wyo. Clarksville-Hopkinsville, Tenn.-Ky.   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Colorado Springs, Colo. Columbia-Sumter, S.C. Columbus, Ga.-Ala. Columbus, Miss. Connecticut (statewide) Dothan, Ala. Duluth-Superior, Minn.-Wis. El Paso-Alamogordo-Las Cruces, Tex.-N. Mex. Eugene-Springfield-Medford, Oreg. Fayetteville, N.C. Fort Smith, Ark.-Okla. Fort Wayne, Ind. F rederick-Hagersto wnChambersburg, Md.-Pa. Gadsden and Anniston, Ala. Goldsboro, N.C. Guam, Territory of Knoxville, Tenn.  La Crosse-Sparta, Wis. Laredo, Tex. Lexington-Fayette, Ky. Lima, Ohio Little Rock-North Little Rock, Ark. Logansport-Peru, Ind. Lower Eastern Shore, Md.-Va.-Del. Macon, Ga. Madison, Wis. Maine (statewide) Mansfield, Ohio McAllen-Pharr-Edinburg and Brownsville-Harlingen- San Benito, Tex. Meridian, Miss.  Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties, N.J. Mobile-Pensacola-Panama City, Ala Fla. Montana (statewide) Montgomery, Ala. Nashville-Davidson, Tenn. New Bern-Jacksonville, N.C. New Hampshire (statewide) North Dakota (statewide) Northern New York Northwest Texas Orlando, Fla. Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura, Calif. Peoria, 111. Pine Bluff, Ark. Pueblo, Colo. Puerto Rico Raleigh-Durham, N.C. Reno, Nev. Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif. Salina, Kans. Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc, Calif. Savannah, Ga. Selma, Ala. Sherman-Denison, Tex. Shreveport, La. South Dakota (statewide) Southeastern Massachusetts Southern Idaho Southwest Virginia Spokane, Wash.  Springfield, 111. Stockton, Calif. Tacoma, Wash. Topeka, Kans. Tucson-Douglas, Ariz. Tulsa, Okla. Upper Peninsula, Mich. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, Calif. Vermont (statewide) Virgin Islands of the U.S. Waco and Killeen-Temple, Tex. Waterloo-Cedar Falls, Iowa West Virginia (statewide) Western and Northern Massachusetts Wichita Falls-Lawton-Altus, Tex.Okla. Y akima-Richland-KennewickPendleton, Wash.-Oreg. ALSO A VAILABLE—  An annual report on salaries for ac­ countants, auditors, chief accountants, attorneys, job analysts, directors of per­ sonnel, buyers, chemists, engineers, en­ gineering technicians, drafters, and cler­ ical employees is available. Order as BLS Bulletin 2045, National Survey of Professional, Administrative, Technical and Clerical Pay, March 1979, $3.00 a copy, from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the back cover, or from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.  Area Wage Surveys A list of the latest bulletins available is presented below. Bulletins may be purchased from any of the BLS regional offices shown on the back cover, or from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402. Make checks payable to Superin­ tendent of Documents. A directory of occupational wage surveys, covering the years 1970 through 1977, is available on request.  Area Akron, Ohio, Dec. 1978 ............................................................ Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N.Y., Sept. 1979.......................... Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, Calif., Oct. 1979.......... Atlanta, Ga., May 1980 ........................................................... Baltimore, Md., Aug. 1979 ...................................................... Billings, Mont., July 1980'....................................................... Birmingham, Ala., Mar. 1978 .................................................. Boston, Mass., Aug. 1979 ........................................................ Buffalo, N.Y., Oct. 1979 .......................................................... Canton, Ohio, May 1978 .......................................................... Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga., Sept. 1979.................................... Chicago, 111., May 1980'............................................................ Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.—Ind., July 1980 ................................ Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 1979....................................................... Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 1979...................................................... Corpus Christi, Tex., July 1980................................................ Dallas—Fort Worth, Tex., Dec. 1979........................................ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111., Feb. 1980'.. Dayton, Ohio, Dec. 1979 ........................................................... Daytona Beach, Fla., Aug. 1980' ............................................. Denver—Boulder, Colo., Dec. 1979.......................................... Detroit, Mich., Mar. 1980 ......................................................... Fresno, Calif., June 1980' ......................................................... Gainesville, Fla., Sept. 1979........................................................ Gary—Hammond—East Chicago, Ind., Oct. 1979'................ Green Bay, Wis., July 1980 ........................................................ Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point, N.C., Aug. 1979 Greenville—Spartanburg, S.C., June 1980 .............................. Hartford, Conn., Mar. 1980'..................................................... Houston, Tex., Apr. 1980'......................................................... Huntsville, Ala,, Feb. 1980'........................................................ Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 1979...................................................... Jackson, Miss., Jan. 1980 .......................................................... Jacksonville, Fla., Dec. 1979'.................................................. Kansas City, Mo.—Kans., Sept. 1979'...................................... Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif., Oct. 1979 .......................... Louisville, Ky.—Ind., Nov. 1979 ..............................................   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis  Bulletin number and price* 2025-63 2050-46 2050-48 3000-21 2050-42 3000-31 2025-15 2050-50 2050-65 2025-22 2050-39 3000-26 3000-32 2050-47 2050-61 3000-28 2050-67 3000- 5 2050-64 3000-33 2050-72 3000- 7 3000-30 2050-45 2050-60 3000-22 2050-49 3000-16 3000-19 3000-18 3000-14 2050-54 3000- 2 2050-69 2050-58 2050-59 2050-66  $1.00 $1.50 $1.50 $2.25 $1.75 $2.00 $0.80 $1.75 $2.25 $0.70 $1.50 $3.25 $2.25 $1.75 $2.25 $1.75 $2.25 $2.25 $2.00 $1.75 $2.25 $2.25 $2.00 $1.50 $2.25 $1.75 $1.50 $1.75 $2.25 $3.25 $2.25 $2.25 $1.75 $2.25 $2.75 $2.25 $2.00  Area Memphis, Tenn.—Ark.—Miss., Nov. 1979'....................................................... Miami, Fla., Oct. 1979 ........................................................................................... Milwaukee, Wis., Apr. 1980 ................................................................................. Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.—Wis., Jan. 1980 ............................................... Nassau—Suffolk, N.Y., June 1980 ....................................................................... Newark, N.J., Jan. 1980'........................................................................................ New Orleans, La., Oct. 1979 .................................................................................. New York, N.Y.—N.J., May 1980 ....................................................................... Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth, Va.—N.C., May 1980 ....................... Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1978 ...................................................................... Northeast Pennsylvania, Aug. 1979'..................................................................... Oklahoma City, Okla., Aug. 1979 ....................................................................... Omaha, Nebr.—Iowa, Oct. 1979 ......................................................................... Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J., June 1980'................................................... Philadelphia, Pa.—N.J., Nov. 1979'.................................................................... Pittsburgh, Pa., Jan. 1980 ...................................................................................... Portland, Maine, Dec. 1979 ................................................................................... Portland, Oreg.—Wash., May 1979 ...................................................................... Poughkeepsie, N.Y., June 1980'............................................................................ Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N.Y., June 1979.................................... Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket, R.I.—Mass., June 1980 ............................ Richmond, Va., June 980'...................................................................................... St. Louis, Mo.—111., Mar. 1980.............................................................................. Sacramento, Calif., Dec. 1979 ................................................................................ Saginaw, Mich., Nov. 1979'.................................................................................... Salt Lake City—Ogden, Utah, Nov. 1979 ............................................................ San Antonio, Tex., May 1980'................................................................................ San Diego, Calif., Nov. 1979 .................................................................................. San Francisco—Oakland, Calif., Mar. 1980 ....................................................... San Jose, Calif., Mar. 1980 .................................................................................... Seattle—Everett, Wash., Dec. 1979'...................................................................... South Bend, Ind., Aug. 1980.................................................................................. Toledo, Ohio—Mich., May 1980 .......................................................................... Trenton, N.J., Sept. 1979........................................................................................ Utica—Rome, N.Y., July 1978 .............................................................................. Washington, D.C.—Md.—Va„ Mar. 1980 .......................................................... Wichita, Kans., Apr. 1980' .................... ............................................................... Worcester, Mass., Apr. 1980' ................................................................................ York, Pa., Feb. 1980................................................................................................  Bulletin number and price* 2050-56 2050-55 3000-10 3000- 1 3000-29 3000- 8 2050-53 3000-24 3000-20  $2.25 $2.25 $2.25 $2.25 $2.00 $3.25 $2.25 $2.25 $1.75  2025-21 2050-32 2050-37 2050-51 3000-34 2050-57 3000- 3 2050-63 2050-27 3000-35 2050-35 3000-27 3000-23 3000-12 2050-71 2050-52 2050-62 3000-17 2050-70 3000- 9 3000- 6 2050-68 3000-36 3000-13 2050-40 2025-34 3000- 4 3000-15 3000-25 3000-11  $0.80 $1.75 $1.50 $1.50 $2.25 $3.00 $2.25 $1.75 $1.75 $2.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.25 $2.25 $1.75 $1.75 $2.00 $2.00 $2.00 $2.25 $2.00 $2.25 $1.75 $1.75 $1.50 $1,00 $2.25 $2.25 $2.00 $1.75  * Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change. 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. \"N  Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor  U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212  Third Class Mail U.S.MAIL  Official Business Penalty for private use, $300  Lab-441  Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I  Region II  Region III  Region IV  1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617)  Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N Y. 10036 Phone: 944-3121 (Area Code 212)  3535 Market Street, P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 596-1154 (Area Code 215)  Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St.. N.E. Atlanta, Ga. 30367 Phone: 881-4418 (Area Code 404)  Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont  New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands  Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia  Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee  Region V  Region VI  Regions VII and VIII  Regions IX and X  9th Floor, 230 S. Dearborn St. Chicago. III. 60604 Phone. 353-1880 (Area Code 312)  Second Floor 555 Griffin Square Building Dallas. Tex. 75202 Phone: 767-6971 (Area Code 214)  Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 15th Floor Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)  450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif 94102 Phone. 556-4678 (Area Code 415)  Arkansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas  VII  VIII  IX  X  Iowa Kansas Missouri Nebraska  Colorado Montana North Dakota South Dakota Utah Wyoming  Arizona California Hawaii Nevada  Alaska Idaho Oregon Washington  Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio Wisconsin   https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis