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Oayton £ Montgomery Cq, r-ubuc library ol PX6 1971 document collection AR EA WAGE SURVEY T h e S avan n ah , G eo rg ia , M e tro p o lita n A rea, M ay 1971 B u lle tin 1 6 8 5 - 7 2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR / Bureau o f L a b o r S tatistics BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IS T IC S R E G IO N A L O F F IC E S ALASKA R egion I R egion 111 R egion IV 341 N in th A ve., Rm. 1 0 25 N ew Y o rk , N .Y . 10001 4 0 6 Penn S quare B u ild in g 1317 F ilb e r tS t. 1371 Peachtree S t. N E . B oston , Mass. 0 2 2 0 3 Phone: 2 2 3 -6 7 6 1 (A rea C ode 617) P hone: 9 7 1 -5 4 0 5 (A re a C ode 212) P h ila d e lp h ia , Pa. 19107 P hone: 5 9 7 -7 7 9 6 (A rea C ode 215) A tla n ta , Ga. 3 0 3 0 9 R egion V R egion 11 1 6 0 3 -A F ederal B u ild in g G o v e rn m e n t C enter Region V I 219 S o u th D earborn S t. 1 1 00 C om m erce S t., R m . 6 B 7 C hicago, III. 6 0 6 0 4 Dallas, T e x . 7 5 2 0 2 P hone: 3 5 3 -7 2 3 0 (A rea C ode 312) Phone: 7 4 9 -3 5 1 6 (A rea Code 214) R egions V II and V III w ill be serviced b y Kansas C ity . R egions IX and X w ill be serviced b y San Francisco. Regions V II and V III S u ite 54 0 P hone: 5 2 6 -5 4 1 8 (A rea Code 404) R egions IX and X Federal O ffic e B u ild in g 911 W a ln u t S t., 10 th F lo o r 4 5 0 G old en Gate Ave. Kansas C ity , M o . 6 4 1 0 6 P hone: 374-2481 (A re a C ode 81 6) San Francisco, C a lif. 9 4 1 0 2 B ox 3 6 0 1 7 P hone: 5 5 6 -4 6 7 8 (A rea C ode 415) U.S. DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR J. D. Hodgson, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTIC S Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner AREA WAGE SURVEY T h e S a v a n n a h , G e o rg ia , M e tro p o lita n A re a , M a y 1971 B u lle tin 1 6 8 5 - 7 2 A ugu st 1971 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 — Price 30 cents P re fa c e C o n te n ts Page T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s p r o g r a m o f a n n u a l o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s is d e s ig n e d to p r o v i d e d a ta o n o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s , a nd e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s an d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s . It y i e l d s d e t a ile d d a t a b y s e l e c t e d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n f o r e a c h o f th e a r e a s s tu d ie d , f o r g e o g r a p h ic r e g i o n s , and f o r th e U n ite d S t a te s . A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the p t o g r a m is th e n e e d f o r g r e a t e r in s ig h t in to ( l ) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t io n a l c a t e g o r y an d s k i l l l e v e l , and (2 ) th e s t r u c tu r e an d l e v e l o f w a g e s a m o n g a r e a s a nd in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s . I n t r o d u c t i o n -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s --------------------------------------------T a b le s : 1. 2. A. E s t a b lis h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b e r s tu d ie d --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I n d e x e s o f s ta n d a r d w e e k ly s a l a r i e s an d s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , and p e r c e n t s o f c h a n g e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s --------------------------------------O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s : A -l. O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n a nd w o m e n ------------------------------------A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n and w o m e n ---------------------------------A - 3 . O f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t io n s — m e n a n d w o m e n c o m b i n e d ---------------------------------------A - 4 . M a in te n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a t i o n s ---------------A - 5 . C u s t o d ia l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t io n s — A p p e n d ix . O c c u p a t io n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------- T h is b u ll e t in p r e s e n t s r e s u l t s o f th e s u r v e y in S a va n n a h , G a . , in M a y 1 9 7 1 . T h e S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a , a s d e fin e d b y th e B u r e a u o f th e B u d g e t th r o u g h J a n u a r y 1 968, c o n s i s t s o f C h a th a m C o u n ty . T h is s tu d y w a s c o n d u c t e d b y th e B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e in A t la n t a , G a . , u n d e r th e g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f D o n a ld M . C r u s e , A s s i s t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r f o r O p e r a t io n s . a reas. NOTE: S im ila r t a b u la t io n s a r e a v a ila b le (S e e in s i d e b a c k c o v e r . ) U n io n s c a l e s , th e S a va n n a h a r e a , b u ild in g t r a d e s . iii f o r o th e r in d ic a t iv e o f p r e v a i l i n g p a y l e v e l s in a r e a l s o a v a ila b le f o r s e v e n s e l e c t e d 3 5 6 7 t ' co o A t th e en d o f e a c h s u r v e y , an in d iv id u a l a r e a b u l le t in p r e s e n t s th e s u r v e y r e s u l t s . A f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f a ll o f th e in d iv id u a l a r e a b u ll e t in s f o r a ro u n d o f s u r v e y s , tw o s u m m a r y b u ll e t in s a r e i s s u e d . T h e f i r s t b r i n g s d a ta f o r e a c h o f th e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s s tu d ie d in to o n e b u lle t in . T h e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s i n f o r m a t io n w h ic h h a s b e e n p r o j e c t e d f r o m in d iv id u a l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a d a ta to r e l a t e t o g e o g r a p h ic r e g i o n s and th e U n ite d S t a te s . N in e ty a r e a s c u r r e n t l y a r e in c lu d e d in th e p r o gram . In e a c h a r e a , i n f o r m a t io n o n o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s is c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly an d o n e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s b ie n n ia lly . 1 4 11 In tro d u c tio n e it h e r (1) e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n is t o o s m a l l t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h d a ta t o m e r i t p r e s e n t a t io n , o r (2) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t d a ta . E a r n in g s d a ta n o t s h o w n s e p a r a t e ly f o r in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s a r e in c lu d e d in a l l i n d u s t r ie s c o m b i n e d d a ta , w h e r e s h o w n . L i k e w i s e , d a ta a r e in c lu d e d in th e o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w h e n a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f s e c r e t a r i e s o r t r u c k d r i v e r s is n o t s h o w n o r in f o r m a t io n to s u b c l a s s i f y is n o t a v a ila b le . T h is a r e a is 1 o f 9 0 in w h ic h th e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r 's B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s c o n d u c t s s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d b e n e f it s on an a r e a w id e b a s i s . 1 T h is b u ll e t in p r e s e n t s c u r r e n t o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s i n f o r m a t io n o b t a in e d l a r g e l y b y m a i l f r o m th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s v i s i t e d b y B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s in th e l a s t p r e v i o u s s u r v e y f o r o c c u p a t io n s r e p o r t e d in th a t e a r l i e r s tu d y . P e r s o n a l v i s i t s w e r e m a d e to n o n r e s p o n d e n t s a n d t o t h o s e r e s p o n d e n t s r e p o r t in g u n u s u a l c h a n g e s s in c e th e p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p lo y m e n t a n d e a r n in g s d a ta a r e s h o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in th e g iv e n o c c u p a t io n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la t e s h if t s . N o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d , b u t c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a llo w a n c e s a n d in c e n t iv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k ly h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , a s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t io n s , r e f e r e n c e is to th e s ta n d a r d w o r k w e e k ( r o u n d e d t o th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r ) f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a t r e g u la r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t io n s h a v e b e e n r o u n d e d t o th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r . In e a c h a r e a , d a ta a r e o b ta in e d f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s : M a n u fa c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f in a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m t h e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s a nd th e c o n s t r u c t i o n an d e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th a n a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d b e c a u s e th e y te n d to f u r n is h i n s u f f ic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . S e p a r a t e ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f th e b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv i s i o n s w h ic h m e e t p u b lic a t i o n c r i t e r i a . T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e th e l e v e l o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s in an a r e a a t a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r is o n s o f in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r tim e m a y n ot r e f le c t e x p e c te d w a ge ch a n g e s. The a v e r a g e s f o r in d iv id u a l j o b s a r e a f f e c t e d b y c h a n g e s in w a g e s an d e m p lo y m e n t p a t t e r n s . F o r e x a m p le , p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y h ig h - o r l o w - w a g e f i r m s m a y c h a n g e o r h ig h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d v a n c e to b e t t e r j o b s a nd b e r e p l a c e d b y n e w w o r k e r s a t l o w e r r a t e s . S u ch s h ift s in e m p lo y m e n t c o u ld d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e e v e n th o u g h m o s t e s t a b lis h m e n t s in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s d u r in g th e y e a r . T r e n d s in e a r n in g s o f o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , s h o w n in t a b le 2 , a r e b e t t e r in d i c a t o r s o f w a g e t r e n d s th a n in d iv id u a l j o b s w ith in th e g r o u p s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c t e d on a s a m p le b a s i s b e c a u s e o f th e u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . To o b ta in o p t im u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e th a n o f s m a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s is s tu d ie d . In c o m b in in g th e d a ta , h o w e v e r , a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t . E s t i m a t e s b a s e d o n th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e la t in g t o a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e in d u s t r y g r o u p in g an d a r e a , e x c e p t f o r t h o s e b e lo w th e m in im u m s i z e s tu d ie d . O c c u p a t io n s and E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y a r e c o m m o n t o a v a r i e t y o f m a n u fa c t u r in g an d n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s , a n d a r e o f th e f o llo w in g t y p e s : ( l ) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l ; (3) m a in t e n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t ; a nd (4) c u s t o d i a l a n d m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t. O c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d o n a u n if o r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e a c c o u n t o f in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u tie s w ith in th e s a m e jo b . T h e o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y a r e l i s t e d a nd d e s c r i b e d in th e a p p e n d ix . T h e e a r n in g s d a ta f o llo w in g th e j o b t i t le s a r e f o r a ll i n d u s t r ie s c o m b i n e d . E a r n in g s d a ta f o r s o m e o f th e o c c u p a t io n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w ith in o c c u p a t io n s , a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , b e c a u s e T h e a v e r a g e s p r e s e n t e d r e f l e c t c o m p o s i t e , a r e a w id e e s t i m a tes. I n d u s t r ie s a n d e s t a b lis h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l a n d jo b s t a ffin g a n d , th u s , c o n t r ib u t e d i f f e r e n t l y t o th e e s t im a t e s f o r e a c h jo b . T h e p a y r e la t io n s h ip o b t a in a b le f r o m th e a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l t o r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y th e w a g e s p r e a d o r d i f f e r e n t i a l m a in t a in e d a m o n g j o b s in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . S i m i l a r l y , d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n a n d w o m e n in a n y o f th e s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s h o u ld n o t b e a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y t r e a t m e n t o f th e s e x e s w ith in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . O th e r p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s w h ic h m a y c o n t r ib u t e t o d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y f o r m e n a nd w o m e n in c lu d e : D i f f e r e n c e s in p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b lis h e d r a te r a n g e s , s in c e o n ly th e a c tu a l 1 Included in the 90 areas are four studies conducted under contract with the New York State r a t e s p a id in c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ; a n d d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c d u tie s Department of Labor. These areas are Binghamton (New York portion only); Rochester (o ffice occu p e r f o r m e d , a lth o u g h th e w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a p p r o p r i a t e l y w ith in pations only); Syracuse; and Utica—Rome. In addition, the Bureau conducts more lim ited area studies th e s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g in 77 areas at the request of the Wage and Hour Division of the U. S. Department of Labor. 1 2 e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a lly m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d th a n t h o s e u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s a n d a llo w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e s p e c i f i c d u t ie s p e r f o r m e d . O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o t a l in a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s tu d y an d n ot th e n u m b e r a c t u a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s , th e e s t im a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m th e s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d s e r v e o n ly to i n d ic a t e th e r e la t iv e im p o r t a n c e o f th e j o b s s tu d ie d . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e d o n o t a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y th e a c c u r a c y o f th e e a r n in g s d a ta . E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s a nd S u p p le m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s T a b u la t io n s o n s e l e c t e d e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s an d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ( B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in th is b u lle t in . I n fo r m a t io n f o r t h e s e ta b u la tio n s is c o l l e c t e d b ie n n ia lly . T h e s e t a b u la t io n s o n m in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r in e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s ; s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ; p a id h o l i d a y s ; *p a id v a c a t i o n s ; a nd h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , a nd p e n s io n p la n s a r e p r e s e n t e d (in th e B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) in p r e v i o u s b u ll e t in s f o r th is a r e a . T a b le 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts an d w o rk e rs w ith in s c o p e o f s u rv e y an d n u m b e r s tu d ie d in S a v a n n a h , G a., by m a jo r in d u s try d iv is io n ,2 M a y 1971 Minimum employment in esta b lish ments in scope of study Industry division A ll d ivision s------------------- ------------------- --------Manufacturing___________________________________ Nonmanufacturing-----------------------------------------------Transportation, com m unication, and other public u t ilit ie s * ------------------------------W holesale t r a d e * ......... ........................ - -----R etail trade 6________________________________ Finance, insurance, and real es ta te 6---------S ervices 6 7 ----------------------------------------------------- _ Number of establishm ents W orkers in establishm ents Within scope of study4 Within scope o f study 3 Studied Studied Number Percent 129 59 24, 165 100 17. 703 50 - 48 81 25 34 13, 164 11, 001 54 46 10, 929 6, 774 50 50 50 50 50 11 15 39 6 10 8 5 13 3 5 __________________ 14 5 19 5 3 3, 195 408 2, 089 690 392 3, 1, 4, 1, 390 120 549 102 840 1 The Savannah Standard M etropolitan Statistical A rea, as defined by the Bureau of the Budget through January 1968, co n sists of Chatham County. The "w ork ers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table p rovide a reasonably accu rate d e scrip tio n o f the size and com p osition of the labor fo r c e included in the survey. The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to s erve as a b a sis o f com p a rison with other em ploym ent indexes fo r the area to m easure em ploym ent trends o r levels since (1) planning of wage surveys req u ires the use o f establishm ent data com piled con sid era b ly in advance o f the p a y roll p eriod studied, and (2) sm all establishm ents are excluded fro m the scope of the survey. 2 The 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial C la ssifica tion Manual was used in cla ssifyin g establishm ents by industry d ivision . * Includes a ll establishm ents with total em ploym ent at or above the minimum lim itation. A ll outlets (within the area) o f com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto rep a ir se rv ice , and m otion picture theaters are con sid ered as 1 establishm ent. 4 Includes a ll w orkers in all establishm ents with total em ploym ent (within the area) at o r above the minimum lim itation. * A bbreviated to "public u tilities" in the A -s e r ie s tables. T axicabs and s e rv ice s incidental to water transportation w ere excluded. Savannah's transit system is m unicipally operated and is excluded by definition fro m the scope of the study. 4 This industry d ivision is represented in estim ates fo r "a ll in d u stries" and "nonm anufacturing" in the S eries A tables. Separate presentation of data fo r this division is not made fo r one o r m ore of the follow ing reasons: (1) Em ploym ent in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sam ple was not designed initially to p erm it separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation, and (4) there is p o ssib ility of d isclo su re o f individual establishm ent data. 7 Hotels and m otels; laundries and other p erson a l s e rv ice s ; business s e rv ice s ; autom obile repair, rental, and parking; m otion p ictu res; nonprofit m em bership organizations (excluding religiou s and charitable organizations); and engineering and a rch itectu ral s e rv ice s . A lm ost th ree-fifth s of the w orkers within scope of the survey in the Savannah area w ere em ployed in m anufacturing firm s. The follow ing presents the m ajor industry groups and sp ecific industries as a percen t of all manufacturing: Industry groups S pecific industries P aper and allied p ro d u c ts -------- 35 T ransportation equipm ent-------- 21 F ood and kindred p ro d u cts ------- 13 Lum ber and wood products------- 10 C hem icals and allied p ro d u cts ---------------------------------- 9 P a p erm ills, except building p a p e r_________________________ 30 M illw ork, plywood and related products---------------------- 8 A ir cra ft and p a r ts --------------------- 7 Industrial c h e m ica ls ----------------- 7 M otor veh icles and equipm ent-------------------------------- 7 Ship and boatbuilding and re p a irin g --------------------------------- 7 This inform ation is based on estim ates of total em ploym ent d erived fro m un iverse m ateria ls com piled p r io r to actual survey. P rop ortion s in variou s industry division s m ay d iffer from p rop ortion s based on the results of the survey as shown in table 1 above. W a g e T r e n d s fo r S e le c te d O c c u p a tio n a l G ro u p s P r e s e n t e d in t a b l e 2 a r e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , and in a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f s e l e c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s . The in d e x e s a r e a m e a s u r e o f w a g e s at a g i v e n t i m e , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t o f w a g e s d u r i n g the b a s e p e r i o d . S u b t r a c t i n g 100 f r o m the i n d e x y i e l d s th e p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e i n w a g e s f r o m th e b a s e p e r i o d to th e d a t e o f the i n d e x . The p e r c e n t a g e s o f ch a n g e o r i n c r e a s e r e la t e to w age c h a n g e s b e t w e e n th e i n d i c a t e d d a t e s . Annual rates of in c r e a s e , w h ere s h o w n , r e f l e c t th e a m o u n t o f i n c r e a s e f o r 12 m o n t h s w h e n th e t i m e p e r i o d b e t w e e n s u r v e y s w a s o t h e r than 12 m o n t h s . T h e s e c o m p u t a t i o n s w e r e b a s e d o n th e a s s u m p t i o n th at w a g e s i n c r e a s e d at a c o n s t a n t r a t e betw een s u rv e y s . T h e s e e s t i m a t e s a r e m e a s u r e s o f c h a n g e in a v e r a g e s f o r th e a r e a ; t h e y a r e n o t i n t e n d e d t o m e a s u r e a v e r a g e p a y c h a n g e s in the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in th e a r e a . s h o w s th e p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e . T h e i n d e x i s th e p r o d u c t o f m u l t i p l y i n g the b a s e y e a r r e l a t i v e ( 1 0 0 ) b y th e r e l a t i v e f o r th e n e x t s u c c e e d i n g y e a r and c o n t i n u i n g t o m u l t i p l y ( c o m p o u n d ) e a c h y e a r ' s r e l a t i v e b y the p r e v io u s y e a r 's in dex. F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , th e w a g e t r e n d s r e l a t e to r e g u l a r w e e k l y s a l a r i e s f o r the n o r m a l w o r k w e e k , e x clu siv e of earn in gs fo r o v e r t im e . F o r p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , t h e y m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c l u d i n g p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and late sh ifts. T h e p e r c e n t a g e s are b a s e d on data f o r s e l e c t e d k ey o c c u p a t i o n s and i n c l u d e m o s t o f th e n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t j o b s w ith in each group. L im itation s o f D a ta M ethod o f C om puting T h e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e , as m e a s u r e s of c h a n g e in a r e a a v e r a g e s , a r e i n f l u e n c e d b y : ( l ) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and w a g e c h a n g e s , (2) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s i n p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i v i d u a l w o r k e r s w h i l e i n the s a m e j o b , and (3) c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e w a g e s du e t o c h a n g e s i n th e l a b o r f o r c e r e s u l t i n g f r o m l a b o r t u r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s i o n s , f o r c e r e d u c t i o n s , and c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith d i f f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s . C h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e c a n c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w it h o u t a c t u a l w a g e c h a n g e s . It i s c o n c e i v a b l e ’ thg.t e v e n th o u g h a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in an a r e a g a v e w a g e i n c r e a s e s , a v e r a g e w a g e s m a y have d e c lin e d b e c a u s e lo w e r - p a y i n g e s ta b lis h m e n ts e n t e r e d th e a r e a o r e x p a n d e d t h e i r w o r k f o r c e s . S im ilarly, wages m a y h a v e r e m a i n e d r e l a t i v e l y c o n s t a n t , y e t th e a v e r a g e s f o r an a r e a m a y have r is e n c o n s id e r a b ly b e c a u s e h ig h e r -p a y in g e s ta b lish m e n ts e n t e r e d th e a r e a . E a c h o f th e f o l l o w i n g k e y o c c u p a t i o n s w it h in an o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p w as a s s ig n e d a c o n sta n t w eig h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r t io n a te e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p : Office clerical (men and women): Office clerical (men and women)— Skilled maintenance (men): Carpenters Bookkeeping-machine Continued Electricians Secretaries operators, class B Machinists Stenographers, general Cledts, accounting, classes Mechanics Stenographers, senior A and B Switchboard operators, classes Mechanics (automotive) Cledts, file, classes Painters A and B A , B, and C Tabulating-machine operators, Pipefitters Cledts, order Tool and die makers class B Cledcs, payroll Typists, classes A and B Comptometer operators Unskilled plant (men): Keypunch operators, classes Janitors, porters, and cleaners Industrial nurses (men and women): A and B Laborers, material handling Nurses, industrial (registered) Office boys and girls The p l i e d b y th e in the g r o u p w e re related g a t e f o r th e T h e u s e o f c o n s t a n t e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h t s e l i m i n a t e s th e e f f e c t o f c h a n g e s i n th e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d i n e a c h j o b i n c l u d e d in th e d a t a . The p e r ce n ta g e s o f change r e f le c t on ly changes in a v e r a g e p a y f o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r s . T h e y a r e not i n f l u e n c e d b y c h a n g e s in s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s , a s s u c h , o r b y p r e m i u m p a y for o v ertim e. W h e r e n e c e s s a r y , d a t a w e r e a d j u s t e d to r e m o v e f r o m th e i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e a n y s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t c a u s e d b y c h a n g e s i n th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . avera ge (m ean) ea rn in gs f o r e a ch o ccu p a tio n w e re m u lti o c c u p a t i o n a l w e i g h t , and th e p r o d u c t s f o r a l l o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e tota led . The aggregates fo r 2 con secu tiv e yea rs b y d i v i d i n g th e a g g r e g a t e f o r th e l a t e r y e a r b y th e a g g r e ea rlier year. T h e r e s u l t a n t r e l a t i v e , l e s s 100 p e r c e n t , 4 5 T a b le 2. s e le c te d In d e x e s o f s ta n d a rd w e e k ly s a la r ie s o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s a n d s tr a ig h t-tim e h o u rly e a rn in g s fo r in S a v a n n a h , 6 a ., M a y 1 9 7 0 a n d M a y 1 9 7 1 , a n d p e rc e n ts o f c h a n g e 1fo r s e le c te d p e rio d s P eriod O ffice c le r ic a l (men and w om en) Industrial nu rses (men and w om en) Skilled m aintenance trades (m en) U nskilled plant w o rk e rs (m en) Indexes (May 1967=100) May 1970_________________________________________ May 1971_________________________________________ 117.7 125.2 (*) (2 ) 117.3 122.2 112.6 119.4 Indexes (May 1961=100) May 1967_____________________________ _________ May 1971_________________________________________ 118.6 148.5 0 (2 ) 122.5 149.8 121.6 145.2 P e rce n ts of change 1 June 1960 to May 1961: 11 -m onth ch an ge_____________________________ Annual rate of change________________________ 2.0 2.2 (2 ) (2 ) 2.8 3.1 3—2.3 3—2.5 May 1961 to June 1962: 13-m onth in cr e a s e __________ . ____ _ . Annual rate of in c r e a s e ______________________ 4.7 4.3 (2 ) (2 ) 5.8 5.3 5.3 4.9 June 1962 to May 1963: 11-m onth in cr e a s e ___________________________ Annual rate of in c r e a s e ______________________ 2.3 2.5 (2 ) (2 ) 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 May May May May May May May May 2.7 4. 2 .5 2.9 6.7 5.0 5.0 6.4 (2 ) ( > ( > () ( > ( ) (2) (2 ) 3.0 3. 4 3.6 3.6 3.1 7.4 6.0 4.2 3.2 3.1 2.2 4.9 7.7 4.7 3—.2 6.0 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 to to to to to to to to May May May May May May May May 1964___________________________ 1965_______- - - - _____ 1966___________________________ 1967__________ - — __________ 1968---------------------------------------1969________ ____ 1970___________________________ 1971___________________________ 1 A ll changes a re in cr e a s e s unless otherw ise indicated. 2 Data do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . 3 This d eclin e la rg e ly re fle cts shifts in em ploym ent betw een h igh- and lo w -w a g e decrea ses. establishm ents rather than wage NOTE: M ost p re v io u sly published indexes fo r the Savannah area used May 1961 as the b ase p erio d . They can be con verted to the new b ase p e rio d by dividing them by the corresp on d in g index num bers fo r May 1967 on the May 1961 b ase p e rio d as shown in the table. (The resu lt should be m ultiplied by 100.) 6 A. O c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s T a b le A -1. O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s —m en and w o m e n ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s for s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s st u d i e d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y division, S a v a n n a h , Weekly earnings 1 (standard) S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , a n d i n d u s t r y di vision Number of * M edian2 Middle range2 (standard) * $ 65 weekly M ean 2 G a ., May 1971) N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s of— 70 75 80 and under 70 75 80 85 * 85 90 - - 90 95 * 95 r 100 100 i 105 » t $ 110 115 120 - - - - - 105 110 115 120 125 $ 125 * 130 - 130 I-- J 135 1*0 - - 135 1*0 1 2 t 1*5 $ 150 - - 1*5 150 1 3 $ 155 if 160 - 165 - 155 160 and 165 over HEM CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A 15 *0 .0 $ 1*7.00 $ 1*8.50 $ $ 137.50-160.00 1 1 - - - 3 1 2 WOMEN BILLERS, MACHINE (BILLING M A C H I N E ) ------------------------------------ 21 39.5 10 0 .0 0 93.50 91.00-102.50 C L E R K S , A C C O U N T I N G , C L A S S A ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------- 3* 25 39.0 39.5 126.00 131.50 132.00 13*.00 103.00-1*3.00 126.50-1*3.00 _ C L E R K S , A C C O U N T I N G , C L A S S B ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 67 52 15 39.5 39.5 39.5 10 0 .0 0 10 1.0 0 10 2 .0 0 89.00-108.00 89.50-108.00 75.00-109.00 1 1 - * * CLERKS, 20 28 PAYROLL --------------------------- 107.00 10 * .0 0 87.00-129,50 - - 2 2 110.50 10*.00-118.50 - - - - 2 2 _ - 5 OPERATORS, CLASS B ---------- 3* 37.0 8 8 .0 0 8 8 .0 0 96.00 - 12 1 127.50 137.50 165.50 126.00 120.50 138.50 161.50 106.00-152.50 10*.50-1*0.50 121.00-161.50 157.00-16*.00 _ 78 *3 16 39.0 39.0 38.5 *0 .0 S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S B ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------- 25 16 38.0 38.5 127.00 117.00 126.50 118.00 112.50-139.50 108.00-129.00 _ S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S C ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 49 30 19 39.0 *0 .0 38.0 138.50 1 *2 .0 0 133.00 1 *0 .0 0 1*7.50 125.00 122.00-160.50 129.00-160.50 110.00-161.00 S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S D ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------- 38 28 39.0 39.0 107.50 101.50 10 1.0 0 S T E N O G R A P H E R S , G E N E R A L ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 88 60 28 39.5 39.5 39.5 112.50 106.00 126.00 10*.50 103.50 12 2 .0 0 8 *.00- - 1 1 - - 2 10 - 5 6 1 1 3 3 1 1 * - - 5 5 * * * 3 * 4 3 1 6 17 17 12 8 * 1 1 _ “ 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 i i 2 - 2 - 1 2 2 1 - - - 6 5 4 - 1 2 2 - - - 6 13 2 8 - i 4 * 7 8 6 7 7 - 10 9 8 7 1 6 3 2 1 4 3 1 1 5 7 8 10 8 2 4 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 3 3 12 2 10 8 2 1 - _ _ - - - “ 1 1 _ _ * 3 3 * - 1 1 * 1 * 1 1 1 “ 3 - 2 - i i - 1 1 * 6 2 1 1 3 5 7 3 5 5 - * 1 2 1 1 1 * 2 2 i i - 8 3 3 5 - * * 3 2 2 - 1 1 " 1 1 1 1 - 1 - * - - 3 3 1 1 “ 1 1 * - - 7 - 1 3 1 2 _ 2 7 1 1 * _ _ - - - 2 2 - - - - _ * * 7 2 5 5 2 2 2 2 1 3 11 10 25 6 1 22 5 9 6 5 4 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 i 2 3 1 2 6 2 2 7 6 1 1 - 1 - - 3 3 2 2 - 1 1 - - _ _ - - - - - - - - _ 1 - - - - 2 17 3 6 12 3 * - 2 2 - 5 5 3 - 2 5 _ - l - - 5 2 - 1 * 1 17 7 7 3 7 3 3 1 1 1 - 2 2 83.00 91.00 79.0083.00- 90.50 97.50 _ - - 85.00 91.00 3 2 3 1 - *0.0 *0.0 8 5 2 2 - 55 25 3 3 4 4 12 * .0 0 T Y P I S T S , C L A S S B -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- * - 5 83.00-109.00 92.50-12*.00 77.50- 92.50 5 5 1 - * * 6 9*.50-125.00 5 - 1 1 - 92.50 107.50 87.00 - _ * _ 107.50 _ 3 _ 95.50 105.50 8*.50 _ - 2 - 109.50 _ _ _ - - 38.0 1 1 - _ 39.5 39.5 *0.0 * 1 2 99.50-112.50 10*.00-161.00 66 2 1 3 * 1 0 0 .0 0 - 1 2 1 . 0 0 32 17 15 - 2 _ ------------------ 3 2 3 3 88.50-118.00 90.00-113.00 1 0 1.0 0 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSM A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 6 6 111.50 S E C R E T A R I E S --------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------ of ta bles * * 39.5 KEYPUNCH at e n d 3 3 39.5 A fo o t n o t e s 4 96.50 CLASS See _ 102.50 98.50 OPERATORS, SENIOR - - KEYPUNCH STENOGRAPHERS, ---------- 2 _ - 1 1 - - 1 “ 2 * - 5 12 2 6 1 5 5 - 1 1 7 T a b le A -2 . P ro fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s —m en and w o m e n ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s for s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s st u d i e d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y division, S a v a n n a h , W eekly earnings 1 (standard) N um ber of workers S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , a n d i n d u s t r y di vision S A ve rage w eek ly h ou rs1 (standard) M ean 2 M e d ia n 2 S s U n d e r 115 $ and 115 under M iddle r a n g e 2 120 S $ G a ., May 1971) r e c e i v i n g straight- t i m e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s of— N u m b e r of w o r k e r s t $ t $ * * * * S * 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 CO MPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS B ---------- 18 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS B ----------------------- 16 O MEN 15 40.0 $ 136.50 $ 135.50 $ $ 127.00-144.00 1 5 1 5 - 2 1 - - - 1 - 147.50 144.00 133.00-159.00 - - 1 5 1 2 2 1 - 1 - 1 - - 2 142.00 147.50 135.00-157.50 1 - 2 1 3 - 2 - 6 - - O 37.5 2 WOMEN NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) ---- See f o o t no te s T a b le A -3 . at e n d of tables. O f f i c e , p ro fe s s io n a l, a n d t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a t i o n s — m e n a n d w o m e n c o m b in e d ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s for s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t ud ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y division, Average O c c u p a t i o n a n d i n d u s t r y divi si on OFFICE Number of workers Savannah, O c c u p a t io n a n d in d u s tr y d iv is io n OFFICE OCCUPATIONS C L E R K S , A C C O U N T I N G , C L A S S A ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------- 49 37 39.5 39.5 132.50 135.00 - Weekly hours 1 (standard) CONTINUED OFFICE 85.00 91.00 137.00 50 30 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 8 .0 1 3 9 .0 0 1 4 2 .0 0 1 3 4 .0 0 1 0 7 .5 0 1 0 1 .5 0 COMPUTER DRAFTSMEN, S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S C -------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------- C L E R K S , P A Y R O L L ---------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------- 25 16 39.5 39.5 110.00 114.00 S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S 0 -------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------- 38 3 9 .0 28 3 9 .0 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A ------------------- 29 39.5 112.00 OPERATORS, CLASS B ------------------ 35 37.0 88.50 88 60 28 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 1 1 2 .5 0 KEYPUNCH S T E N O G R A P H E R S , G E N E R A L -------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- 19 39.0 CO CO STENOGRAPHERS, 66 3 8 .0 1 0 9 .5 0 o o 116.50 40.0 40.0 1 2 7 .0 0 1 1 7 .0 0 40.0 at e n d of tables. 55 25 3 8 .5 49 S e e fo ot no te s T Y P I S T S , C L A S S B -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 4 0 .0 --------------------------------------------------------- SENIOR ----------------------------------- 20 1 0 6 .0 0 1 2 6 .0 0 CONTINUED 95.50 105.50 84.50 3 8 .0 CLERKS, Weekly earnings 1 (standard) 39.5 39.5 40.0 17 101.00 101.50 100.50 - Weekly hours 1 (standard) 32 17 15 25 16 1 2 2 .0 0 1 3 8 .0 0 1 6 5 .0 0 39.5 39.5 39.5 GIRLS OCCUPATIONS S E C R E T A R I E S , C L A S S B ------- -- ---------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------- 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 of SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSM A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------- 122 78 44 72 55 17 AND Number O c c u p a t i o n a n d i n d u s t r y division S E C R E T A R I E S --------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------ C L E R K S , A C C O U N T I N G , C L A S S B ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------- BOYS 1971) Average Weekly earnings 1 (standard) O O 39.5 OCCUPATIONS Number of 00 rvi r-i 21 $ 100.00 OFFICE Ga., May Ave rage Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) BILLERS, MACHINE (BILLING M A C H I N E ) ------------------------------------ ORDER - PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS OPERATORS, B ---------- 19 37.5 ----------------------- 16 40.0 147.50 N U R S E S , I N D U S T R I A L ( R E G I S T E R E D ) ---M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------- 15 15 40.0 40.0 142.00 142.00 CLASS B CLASS 8 T a b le A -4 . M a in te n a n c e and p o w e rp la n t o c c u p a tio n s ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s for s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t ud ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y division. Savannah, $ 1.90 $ 2.00 t 2.10 » 2.20 t 2.30 $ 2.90 S 2.50 * 2.60 $ 2.80 t 2.90 $ 3.00 $ % 2.70 3. 1 0 3.20 $ 3. 3 0 * 3.90 $ 3. 6 0 $ 3.80 9.00 t 9.20 4- 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.90 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3. 2 0 3.30 3. 9 0 3.60 3. 8 0 9.00 9.20 9.90 9.60 over - - - - ~ - - 2 - “ ~ ~ ” 22 22 ~ - 3 3 - - 1 1 ~ " 1 1 2 * _ 2 l 1 - * 1 2 2 1 1 9 9 29 29 12 12 6 6 70 70 20 20 4 9 - _ 5 3 2 1 11 11 16 16 10 10 4 4 _ 2 2 8 7 1 1 “ 10 10 1 1 3 ~ 5 5 9 5 i ( o - >0 and under t 4- M iddle range 2 i 4- S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , a n d i n d u s t r y di vision o $ 1.80 M e d ia n 2 1971) N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s of— H ourly e arn in gs3 Num ber M ean ^ Ga., May and HEN C A R P E N T E R S . M A I N T E N A N C E --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- 33 29 $ 9.01 9 . OB $ 9.33 9.39 $ 3.789.05- $ 9.37 9.37 ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- 150 199 9.15 9.19 9.33 9.33 3.B13.82- 9.38 9.38 FIREMEN, STATIONARY BOILER M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- 79 69 3.23 3.22 3.79 3.76 1.981.97- 3.99 3.96 MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE ( M A I N T E N A N C E ) ---------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- 90 29 3.72 3.71 3.71 3.69 3.063.05- 9.35 9.35 M E C H A N I C S , M A I N T E N A N C E ---M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- 280 276 3.98 3.97 9.05 9.09 3.673.66- 9.35 9.35 _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - O I L E R S ---------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- 93 93 3.95 3.95 3.66 3.66 3.273.27- 3.79 3.74 - - - “ 2 2 - “ PIPEFITTERS, MAINTENANCE — M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------- 119 119 9.33 9.33 4.35 9.35 9.329.32- 9.39 9.39 S e e fo o t n o t e s at e n d of tables. “ 2 2 1 1 1 8 8 13 13 8 _ 7 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 10 10 _ - - - “ “ 9 _ - “ 2 2 4 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 28 28 57 57 27 27 18 18 116 116 _ 2 2 7 7 5 5 _ 25 25 - - - ~ _ “ - 3 3 12 12 " 6 2 * 82 82 13 13 9 9 9 T a b le A -5 . C u s t o d i a l an d m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s for s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s st u d i e d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y division, S a v a n n a h , * 1.60 S e x , o c c u p a t i o n , a n d i n d u s t r y d i vision Mean 2 M edian2 May 1971) N u m b e r of w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g straight - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s of— Hourly earnings3 Number workers G a ., $ 1.70 $ 1.80 $ 1.90 * 2.00 * 2.10 $ 2.20 t 2.40 » 2.50 2. 4 0 2.50 2.60 7 6 2 2 5 - $ 2. 3 0 s 2.60 $ 2.70 * 2.80 * 3.00 t 3.10 $ 3.20 t 3.30 $ 3.40 $ 3. 5 0 t .90 3.60 S 3.70 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3. 6 0 3.70 3.80 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 “ 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 6 6 4 4 3 3 4 1 4 - - 4 - - 1 2 1 6 4 3 1 2 - _ _ - - 22 _ 1 - - - - - 1 - and under Middle range 2 - 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 - 2.30 $ 3.80 and over MEN GUARDS AND WA TC HM EN MANUFACTURING — GUARDS MANUFACTURING WATCHMEN MANUFACTURING 62 56 $ 2.71 2.70 $ 2.66 2.66 $ 2.102.15- $ 3.44 3.41 8 6 3 3 “ 5 5 - “ 31 3.10 3.29 2.58- 3.53 - - - - - - - ------------------------- 23 2.20 2.08 1.82- 2.66 - 6 3 - 5 - - 1 2 - 4 3 - - 1 J A N I T O R S , P O R T E R S , A N D C L E A N E R S --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------- AA9 116 1.95 2.38 1.69 2.40 1.652.02- 2.09 2.69 246 1 34 5 15 6 13 13 34 27 11 5 1 1 2 “ 1 - 11 11 22 22 7 1 5 _ - " 16 12 _ - 28 13 - - L A B O R E R S , M A T E R I A L H A N D L I N G --------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 359 229 130 2.3A 2.41 2.22 2.16 2.39 1.95 1.851.791.86- 3.01 3.02 2.29 8 8 56 53 3 57 8 49 33 8 25 17 9 8 14 11 3 28 17 11 6 1 5 - _ - - - 8 7 1 - - 61 61 - _ - 20 20 - 1 - 19 18 1 _ - 8 8 1 - 10 - - - ---------------------------- 41 2.54 2.54 2.32- 2.83 - - 4 - - - 5 8 - R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S ------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 26 20 2.71 2.48 2.65 2.16 2.082.07- 3.18 3.05 - _ _ - - - - 4 4 _ - 8 8 - - SHIPPING CLERKS SHIPPING AND ORDER FILLERS 2 1 6 - - 1 1 1 1 2 - 1 1 - - 4 4 5 - - 3 5 63 25 38 5 5 2 1 1 9 9 - 33 33 “ 17 3.45 3.49 2.70- 4.16 " - - - - - 4 ------ 19 3.19 3.02 2.68- 3.85 - - - - 1 - - - - - TRUCKDRIVERS ----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 273 105 168 2.46 2.84 2.22 2.44 2.84 2.09 1.932.651.86- 2.79 3.24 2.72 12 48 14 9 - i - 14 8 9 8 1 5 47 29 13 16 5 12 11 1 10 - 4 4 “ TR UC KD RI VE RS , LIGHT (UNDER 1 - 1 / 2 T O N S ) ---------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 56 A6 2.05 1 • 88 1.87 1.86 1.801.79- 2.06 1.97 5 4 9 9 20 19 5 5 6 5 T R U C K D R I V E R S , M E D I U M (1 -1 /2 TO A N D I N C L U D I N G A T O N S ) ------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 113 38 75 2.45 2.97 2.18 2.26 3.23 1.98 1.892.841.86- 3.22 3.27 2.29 - TRUCKORIVERS, HEAVY (OVER A TONS T R A I L E R T Y P E ) ------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------- A5 33 2.61 2.76 2.49 2.99 2.212.43- 3.06 3.09 T R U C K E R S , P O W E R ( F O R K L I F T ) ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------- 281 273 2.92 2.91 3.14 3.13 2.682.68- A9 29 2.20 2.58 1.95 2.94 1.671.99- -------------------------- RECEIVING CLERKS 5 i _ i i _ _ “ “ _ ~ 24 8 16 “ 11 1 5 5 1 1 3 1 3 28 9 3 “ 3 28 9 3 - _ _ “ - 3.26 3.25 - - 12 12 4 4 35 35 2.97 3.04 18 1 i i 3 6 6 3 3 _ _ _ 5 - 4 _ 2 1 1 - - - - 5 5 1 1 4 ” 2 “ 8 8 i _ i - - i i 11 11 6 6 2 1 - - _ 6 6 5 - - - - _ _ - 4 - “ - 1 1 1 - - 4 1 1 - - - - - - - **5 8 6 2 2 2 1 1 - - - - ” 2 2 1 1 2 5 _ _ _ _ 24 24 3 1 2 2 2 1 1 - - - - ~ 2 2 1 1 - “ _ _ - - * ** See Workers Workers fo ot no te s were were di st ri bu te d a s foll ow s: di st ri bu te d a s foll ow s: at e n d of tables 4 at $ 4 . 1 0 to $ 4 . 2 0 ; 2 at $ 3 . 8 0 to $ 3 . 9 0 ; and and 2 at $ 4 . 6 0 to $ 4 . 7 0 . 3 at $ 4 . 5 0 to $ 4 . 6 0 . 9 - *6 2 1 9 9 7 7 _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - 51 51 6 6 12 12 109 109 10 10 8 8 - 6 9 7 7 2 2 WOMEN J A N I T O R S , P O R T E R S , A N D C L E A N E R S --M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------- - _ 4 4 - 22 - - _ - _ 10 Footnotes 1 S ta n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , an d th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 T h e m e a n is c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h j o b b y t o t a lin g th e e a r n in g s o f a ll w o r k e r s a nd d iv id in g b y th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d ia n d e s ig n a t e s p o s i t i o n — h a lf o f th e e m p l o y e e s s u r v e y e d r e c e i v e m o r e th a n th e r a t e s h o w n ; h a lf r e c e i v e l e s s th a n th e r a t e s h o w n . T h e m i d d le r a n g e is d e fin e d b y 2 r a t e s o f p a y ; a fo u r t h o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s th an th e l o w e r o f t h e s e r a t e s and a f o u r t h e a r n m o r e th a n th e h ig h e r r a t e . 3 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a nd f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h if t s . Appendix. Occupational Descriptions The prim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the B ureau's wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in cla ssifyin g into appropriate occupations w orkers who are em ployed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and from area to area. This perm its the grouping of occupational wage rates representing com parable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishm ent and interarea com parability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descrip tion s, the Bureau's field econom ists are instructed to exclude working sup ervisors; apprentices; learners; beginners; trainees; and handicapped, p art-tim e, tem porary, and probationary w orkers. O FFIC E BILLER, MACHINE CLERK, FILE Class A . In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter file s , cla ss ifie s and indexes file m aterial such as corresp on den ce, rep orts, technical d ocu m ents, etc. May also file this m aterial. May keep record s of various types in conjunction with the file s . May lead a sm all group of low er level file clerk s. P repares statements, b ills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or e le ctro m atic typew riter. May also keep record s as to billings or shipping charges or perform other cle rica l work incidental to billing operations. F or wage study purposes, b ille rs , m achine, are cla ssified by type of m achine, as follow s: B iller, machine (billing m achine). Uses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott F ish er, Burroughs, e tc., which are com bination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from cu stom ers' purchase ord ers, internally prepared ord e rs, shipping m em o randums, etc. Usually involves application of predeterm ined discounts and shipping ch arges, and entry of n ecessa ry extensions, which m ay or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are autom atically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold m achine. B iller, machine (bookkeeping m achine). Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott F ish er, Remington Rand, etc., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare cu stom ers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves t;he sim ulta neous entry of figu res on cu stom ers' ledger record . The machine autom atically accumulates figures on a number of vertical colum ns and com putes, and usually prints autom atically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works fro m uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E lliott F ish er, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash R egister, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a re co rd of business transactions. Class A. Keeps a set of record s requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping p rinciples, and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determ ines proper record s and distribution of debit and credit item s to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated rep orts, balance sheets, and other record s by hand. Class B. Keeps a record of one or m ore phases or sections of a set of re co rd s usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, cu stom ers' accounts (not including a sim ple type of billing d escrib ed under b ille r, m achine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory con trol, etc. May check or a ssist in preparation of trial balances and prepare con trol sheets for the accounting department. CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A. Under general d irection of a bookkeeper or accountant, has resp onsibility for keeping one or m ore sections of a com plete set of books or record s relating to one phase of an establishm ent's business transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; and requires judgment and ex p e ri ence in making proper assignations and allocations. May a ssist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; and may d irect cla ss B accounting clerk s. C lass B. Sorts, cod es, and file s unclassified m aterial by sim ple ( subject matter) head ings or partly cla ssifie d m aterial by finer subheadings. P repares sim ple related index and c r o s s -r e fe r e n c e aids. As requested, locates cle a rly identified m aterial in file s and forw ards m aterial. May perform related cle rica l tasks required to maintain and service file s. Class C . P erform s routine filing of m aterial that has already been cla ssifie d or which is ea sily cla ssifie d in a sim ple serial cla ssification system (e .g ., alphabetical, ch ronological, or num erical). As requested, locates readily available m aterial in files and forw ards m a terial; and m ay fill out withdrawal charge. P erform s simple cle rica l and manual tasks r e quired to maintain and service file s. CLERK, ORDER R eceives cu stom ers' ord ers for m aterial or m erchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any com bination of the follow in g: Quoting p rice s to cu stom ers; making out an order sheet listing the item s to make up the o rd e r; checking p rices and quantities of item s on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled . May check with credit department to determ ine credit rating of cu stom er, acknowledge receipt of ord ers from cu stom ers, follow up ord ers to see that they have been filled , keep file of ord ers received , and check shipping invoices with original ord e rs. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of com pany em ployees and enters the n ecessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w ork ers' earnings based on time or production re co rd s; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing inform ation such as w o rk e r's name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions fo r insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and a ssist paym aster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating m achine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR P rim ary duty is to operate a Com ptom eter to p erform mathematical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk , which may involve f r e quent use of a Com ptom eter but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of other duties. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR C lass A . Operates a num erical a n d /or alphabetical or com bination keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docum ents to keypunch tabulating ca rd s. P erform s same tasks as low er level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application of coding skills and the making of some determ inations, for exam ple, locates on the source document the item s to be punched; extracts inform ation fro m several docum ents; and searches for and interprets inform ation on the document to determ ine inform ation to be punched. May train inexperienced op erators. Class B. Under supervision, perform s one or m ore routine accounting operations such as posting sim ple journal vouchers or accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher reg isters; reconcilin g bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers con trolled by general led gers, or posting sim ple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowl edge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in office s in which the m ore routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several w orkers. 11 12 SECRETARY— Continued KEYPUNCH OPERATOR— Continued C lass B. Under close supervision or follow ing s p ecific procedures or instructions, tra n scrib es data from source documents to punched ca rd s. Operates a num erical a nd/or alphabetical or com bination keypunch m achine to keypunch tabulating ca rd s. May verify ca rd s. Working from various standardized source docum ents, follow s specified sequences which have been coded or p rescrib ed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problem s arising from erroneous item s or cod es, m issing inform ation, e tc., are referred to sup ervisor. d. S ecreta ry to the head of an individual plant, fa ctory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that em ploys, in all, over 5,000 p e rs o n s ; or e. S ecreta ry to the head of a large and important organizational segm ent (e .g ., a middle management sup ervisor of an organizational segm ent often involving as many as several hundred persons) of a com pany that em ploys, in all, over 25, 000 p e rs o n s . Class C OFFICE BOY OR GIRL P erform s various routine duties such as running errands, operating m inor office m a chines such as sealers or m a ilers , opening and distributing m ail, and other m inor cle rica l work. SECRETARY A ssigned as personal s ecreta ry, norm ally to one individual. Maintains a close and highly responsive relationship to the d a y -to-d a y work activities of the su p ervisor. Works fa ir ly inde pendently receiving a minimum of detailed supervision and guidance. P erform s varied cle rica l and s ecreta ria l duties, usually including m ost of the follow ing: (a) R eceives telephone ca lls, personal ca lle rs, and incom ing m ail, answers routine inquiries, and routes the technical inquiries to the proper p ersons: (b) establishes, m aintains, and rev ises the su p e rv iso r's file s ; (c) maintains the su p erv isor's calendar and makes appointments as instructed; (d) relays m essages fro m super v isor to subordinates; (e) review s corresp on d en ce, m em orandum s, and reports p repared by others for the s u p ervisor's signature to assure procedural and typographic accu racy; and (f) perform s stenographic and typing work. May also p erform other c le rica l and secreta rial tasks of com parable nature and difficulty. The work typically requires knowledge of office routine and understanding of the organization, p rogram s, and p rocedu res related to the work of the supervisor. Exclusions Not all positions that are titled "s e c re ta ry " p ossess the above ch a ra cte ristics. Examples of positions which are excluded from the definition are as fo llo w s: (a) P ositions which do not m eet the "p erson a l" secreta ry concept d escrib ed above; (b) stenographers not fully trained in secreta rial type duties; (c) stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of p rofessional, technical, or m anagerial persons; (d) se cre ta ry positions in which the duties are either substantially m ore routine or substantially m ore com p lex and responsible than those ch aracterized in the definition; and (e) assistant type positions which involve m ore d ifficult or m ore responsible technical, admin istrative, sup ervisory, or specialized c le r ic a l duties which are not typical of secreta rial work. N OTE: The term "corp ora te o ffi c e r ," used in the level definitions follow ing, refers to those officia ls who have a significant corporate-w id e policym aking role with regard to m ajor com pany a ctivities. The title "v ice p res id en t," though norm ally indicative of this ro le , does not in all cases identify such positions. V ice presidents whose prim ary resp onsibility is to act p er sonally on individual cases or transactions (e .g ., approve or deny individual loan or credit actions; adm inister individual trust accounts; d irectly supervise a c le rica l staff) are not con sidered to be "corp ora te o ffic e r s " for purposes of applying the follow ing level definitions. Class A a. S ecreta ry to the chairm an of the board or president of a com pany that em ploys, in all, over 100 but few er than 5,000 p e rs o n s ; or b. S ecreta ry to a corporate o ffice r (other than the chairm an of the board or president) of a com pany that em ploys, in all, over 5, 000 but few er than 25, 000 p e rs o n s ; or c. S ecreta ry to the head (im m ediately below the corporate o ffice r level) of a m ajor segm ent o r subsidiary of a com pany that em ploys, in all, over 25,000 p erson s. Class B a. S ecreta ry to the chairm an of the board or president of a com pany that em ploys, in all, few er than 100 p e rs o n s ; or b. S ecreta ry to a corporate o ffice r (other than the chairm an of the board or president) of a com pany that em ploys, in all, over 100 but few er than 5,000 p e rs o n s ; or c. S ecreta ry to the head (im m ediately below corp orate-w id e functional activity (e .g ., m arketing, tions, etc.) o r a m ajor geographic o r organizational a m ajor division) of a com pany that em ploys, in em p loy ees; or the o ffice r level) over either a m ajor resea rch , operations, industrial re la segm ent (e .g ., a regional headquarters; all, over 5,000 but few er than 25,000 a. S ecreta ry to an executive or m anagerial p erson whose resp onsibility is not equivalent to one of the sp e cific level situations in the definition fo r cla ss B, but whose subordinate staff norm ally numbers at least severa l dozen em ployees and is usually divided into organizational segments which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In som e com panies, this level includes a wide range of organizational ech elon s; in oth ers, only one o r two; o£ b. S ecreta ry to the head of an individual plant, fa cto ry, etc. (or other equivalent level of officia l) that em ploys, in all, few er than 5, 000 p e rs o n s . C lass D a. S ecreta ry to the su p ervisor or head of a sm all organizational unit (e .g ., few er than about 25 or 30 p erson s); o £ b. S ecretary to a non supervisory staff sp e cia list, p rofession a l em ployee, adm inistra tive o ffic e r , or assistant, skilled technician o r expert. (NOTE; Many com panies assign stenographers, rather than se cre ta rie s as d escrib ed above, to this level of su p ervisory or non supervisory w orker.) STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL P rim a ry duty is to take dictation involving a norm al routine vocabulary from one or m ore persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May maintain file s , keep sim ple re c o rd s , or p erform other relatively routine cle rica l tasks. May operate fro m a stenographic pool. Does not include tra n scrib in gmachine work, (See transcribin g-m achine o p e ra to r.) STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR P rim a ry duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal b riefs or reports on scien tific re se a rch fro m one or m ore persons either in short hand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine; and transcribe dictation. May a lso type fro m written copy. May also set up and maintain file s , keep re c o rd s, etc. OR P erform s stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and re sp o n si bility than stenographers, general as evidenced by the follow ing: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and accu ra cy; and a thorough working knowledge of general business and office p rocedu res and of the s p ecific business operations, organization, p o licie s, p roced u res, file s , workflow , etc. Uses this knowledge in perform ing stenographic duties and responsible cle rica l tasks such as, maintaining followup file s ; assem bling m aterial fo r rep orts, m em orandum s, letters, e tc.; com posing sim ple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incom ing m ail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does not include transcribin g-m achine work. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR C lass A . Operates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard handling incom ing, outgoing, intraplant or office ca lls. P e rfo r m s full telephone inform ation s e rv ice o r handles com plex ca lls, such as con feren ce, co lle ct, ove rse a s, or sim ilar ca lls, either in addition to doing routine work as d escrib ed fo r switchboard op era tor, cla ss B, or as a fu ll-tim e assignm ent. ("F u ll" telephone inform ation s e rv ice o ccu rs when the establishm ent has varied functions that are not readily understandable fo r telephone inform ation p u rp oses, e .g ., because of overlapping or interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent p rob lem s as to which extensions are appropriate fo r ca lls.) Class B . Operates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard handling incom ing, outgoing, intraplant o r office ca lls. May handle routine long distance ca lls and re c o rd tolls. May p e rfo rm lim ited telephone inform ation se rv ice . ("L im ited " telephone inform ation se rv ice o ccu rs if the functions of the establishm ent s e rv ice d are readily understandable fo r telephone inform ation p urposes, or if the requests are routine, e .g ., giving extension num bers when s p e cific names are furnished, or if com p lex ca lls are re fe rre d to another op erator.) 13 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR— Continued In addition to perform ing duties of operator on a sin gle-p osition or m onitor-type sw itch board, acts as receptionist and may also type or p erform routine cle rica l work as part of regular duties. This typing or cle rica l work may take the m ajor part of this w o rk e r's time while at switchboard. Class C. Operates sim ple tabulating or e le ctrica l accounting machines such as the so rte r, reproducing punch, colla tor, e tc., with s p e cific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagram s and som e filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for exam ple, individual sorting or collating runs or repetitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A . Operates a variety of tabulating or electrica l accounting m achines, typically including such m achines as the tabulator, calculator, interp reter, co lla to r, and others. P erform s com plete reporting assignm ents without close supervision, and p erform s difficult w iring as required. The com plete reporting and tabulating assignm ents typically involve a variety of long and com plex reports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type r e quiring som e planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a m ore experienced operator, is typically involved in training new op erators in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagram s and operating sequences of long and com plex rep orts. Does not include working su p ervisors p erform ing tabu’lating-m achine operations and d a y-today supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-m achine operators. Class B . Operates m ore difficult tabulating or electrica l accounting machines such as the tabulator and ca lcu la tor, in addition to the s o rte r, rep rod u cer, and colla tor. This work is p erform ed under s p ecific instructions and may include the perform ance of some wiring from diagram s. The work typically involves, for exam ple, tabulations involving a repetitive accounting e x e r c is e , a com plete but sm all tabulating study, or parts of a longer and m ore com plex rep ort. Such reports and studies are usually of a recu rrin g nature where the p ro cedures are w ell established. May a lso include the training of new em ployees in the basic operation of the machine. P rim a ry duty is to tra n scrib e dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribin g-m achine re c o rd s. May also type from written copy and do sim ple cle rica l work. W orkers transcribin g dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal b riefs or reports on scien tific resea rch are not included. A w orker who takes dictation in short hand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine is cla ssifie d as a stenographer, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out bills after ca lcu la tions have been made by another person. May include typing of sten cils, m ats, or sim ilar m ate rials fo r use in duplicating p ro ce s s e s. May do cle rica l work involving little special training, such as keeping sim ple re c o rd s , filing re co rd s and rep orts, or sorting and distributing incom ing m ail. Class A . P erfo rm s one or m ore of the follow ing: Typing m aterial in final form when it involves combining m aterial fro m several sou rces or responsibility fo r co r re ct spelling, syllabication, punctuation, e tc., of technical or unusual w ords or foreign language m aterial; and planning layout and typing of com plicated statistical tables to maintain uniform ity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances. Class B . P erfo rm s one or m ore of the follow ing: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of fo rm s, insurance p o lic ie s, e tc.; and setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying m ore com plex tables already setup and spaced p roperly. P R O F E S S IO N A L A N D T E C H N IC A L COMPUTER OPERATOR COMPUTER PROGRAMER, BUSINESS M onitors and operates the con trol con sole of a digital com puter to p ro ce s s data according to operating instructions, usually prepared by a p rog ra m er. W ork includes m ost of the follow ing: Studies instructions to determ ine equipment setup and operations; loads equipment with required item s (tape r e e ls , ca rd s, etc.); switches n ecessa ry auxiliary equipment into circ u it, and starts and operates com puter; m akes adjustments to com puter to c o r r e c t operating p roblem s and m eet special conditions; review s e r r o r s made during operation and determ ines cause or re fe rs p roblem to su p ervisor or p rog ra m er; and maintains operating re co rd s. May test and a ssist in correctin g p rogram . Converts statements of business p rob lem s, typically prepared by a system s analyst, into a sequence of detailed instructions which are required to solve the p roblem s by automatic data p ro ce ssin g equipment. Working fro m charts or diagram s, the p rog ra m er develops the p re cis e instructions which, when entered into the com puter system in coded language, cause the m anipu lation of data to achieve d esired results. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: A pplies knowledge of computer cap abilities, m athem atics, lo g ic em ployed by com puters, and particular subject m atter involved to analyze charts and diagram s of the problem to be program ed. D evelops sequence of p rogram step6, w rites detailed flow charts to show ord er in which data w ill be p ro ce s s e d ; con verts these charts to coded instructions fo r m achine to follow ; tests and c o r r e c t s p rog ra m s; prepares instructions fo r operating p ersonnel during production run; analyzes, review s, and alters program s to increase operating e fficie n cy or adapt to new requirem ents; maintains re co rd s of p rogram developm ent and rev ision s. (NOTE: W orkers perform ing both system s analysis and p r o gram ing should be cla ss ifie d as system s analysts if this is the skill used to determ ine their pay.) F or wage study p urposes, com puter op erators are cla ss ifie d as follow s: C lass A . Operates independently, or under only general d irection, a com puter running program s with m ost of the following ch a ra cteristics: New p rogram s are frequently tested and introduced; scheduling requirem ents are of cr itica l im portance to m inim ize downtime; the p rogra m s are of com plex design so that identification of e r r o r sou rce often requires a working knowledge of the total program , and alternate program s m ay not be available. May give d irection and guidance to low er level op erators. C lass B. Operates independently, or under only general d irection, a com puter running program s with m ost of the follow ing ch a ra cteristics: M ost of the p rogram s are established production runs, typically run on a regularly recurring b a sis; there is little or no testing of new program s required; alternate p rogram s are provided in ca se original p rogram needs m ajor change or cannot be co rrected within a reasonable tim e. In com m on e r r o r situations, diagnoses cause and takes c o r re ctiv e action. This usually involves applying prev iou sly p r o gram ed co r re ctiv e steps, or using standard c o r re ctio n techniques. Does not include em ployees p rim a rily responsible fo r the management or supervision of other e lectron ic data p ro ce ssin g (EDP) em p loyees, o r prog ra m ers p rim arily concerned with scien tific a n d /o r engineering prob lem s. F o r wage study purp oses, p rog ra m ers are cla ss ifie d as follow s: C lass A . W orks independently o r under only general d irection on com p lex problem s which require com petence in all phases of program ing concepts and p ra ctice s. W orking fro m dia gram s and charts which identify the nature of d esired results, m ajor p ro ce ssin g steps to be a ccom plished, and the relationships between variou s steps of the p rob lem solving routine; plans the full range of program ing actions needed to efficiently utilize the com puter system in achieving d esired end products. OR Operates under d irect s u p e rv is io n s com puter running program s or segm ents of program s with the ch a ra cteristics d escrib ed for cla ss A. May a ssist a higher level operator by inde pendently perform ing less difficult tasks assigned, and perform ing difficult tasks following detailed instructions and with frequent review of operations p erform ed . C lass C . W orks on routine program s under clo s e supervision. Is expected to develop working knowledge of the com puter equipment used and ability to detect p roblem s involved in running routine p rogra m s. Usually has receiv ed som e form a l training in com puter operation. May a ssist higher level operator on com plex program s. At this level, program ing is d ifficult because com puter equipment must be organized to produce severa l interrelated but d iverse products fro m numerous and diverse data elem ents. A wide va riety and extensive number of internal p ro ce ssin g actions m ust o cc u r. This requires such actions as developm ent of com m on operations which can be reused, establishm ent of linkage points between operations, adjustments to data when p rogram requirem ents exceed com puter storage capacity, and substantial manipulation and resequencing of data elem ents to fo rm a highly integrated p rogram . May provide functional d irection to low er le v e l p ro g ra m e rs who are assigned to a ssist. 14 COMPUTER PROGRAMER, BUSINESS— Continued COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESS— Continued Class B. W orks independently or under only general direction on relatively sim ple p rog ra m s, or on sim ple segm ents of com plex prog ra m s. P ro g ra m s (or segments) usually p ro ce s s inform ation to produce data in two or three varied sequences or form ats. Reports and listings are produced by refining, adapting, arraying, or making m inor additions to or deletions from input data which are readily available. While numerous record s may be p ro ce s s e d , the data have been refined in p rio r actions so that the a ccu ra cy and sequencing of data can be tested by using a few routine ch ecks. T ypically, the p rogram deals with routine record -k eep in g type operations. OR W orks on com p lex p rogra m s (as d escrib ed for cla ss A) under clo se d irection of a higher lev el p rog ra m er or su p ervisor. May a ssist higher le ve l prog ra m er by independently p e r form ing less d ifficult tasks assigned, and perform ing m ore difficult tasks under fa irly clo se direction. May guide or instruct low er level p rog ra m ers. OR Works on a segm ent of a com plex data p ro ce ssin g schem e or system , as d escrib ed for cla ss A. Works independently on routine assignm ents and receiv es instruction and guidance on com plex assignm ents. Work is review ed fo r accu ra cy of judgment, com pliance with in structions, and to insure p rop er alinement with the overall system . Class C. Works under im m ediate supervision, ca rryin g out analyses as assigned, usually of a single activity. A ssignm ents are designed to develop and expand p ra ctica l experience in the application of p roced u res and skills required fo r system s analysis work. F o r example, m ay a ssist a higher le ve l system s analyst by preparing the detailed specification s required by p rog ra m ers from inform ation developed by the higher level analyst. DRAFTSMAN C lass C. Makes p ra ctica l applications of program ing p ra ctices and concepts usually learned in form a l training cou rses. A ssignm ents are designed to develop com petence in the application of standard proced u res to routine prob lem s. R eceives clo s e supervision on new aspects of assignm ents; and w ork is review ed to v e r ify its a ccu ra cy and con form an ce with required p roced u res. COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESS Analyzes business p roblem s to form ulate p roced u res fo r solving them by use of electron ic data p rocessin g equipment. D evelops a com plete descrip tion of all specifications needed to enable p rog ra m ers to p rep are required digital com puter p rog ra m s. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Analyzes su bject-m atter operations to be automated and identifies conditions and c r ite ria required to achieve satisfa ctory resu lts; sp ecifies number and types of re c o rd s, file s, and documents to be used; outlines actions to be p erform ed by personnel and com puters in sufficient detail fo r presentation to management and for program ing (typically this involves preparation of work and data flow ch arts); coordin ates the developm ent of test p roblem s and participates in trial runs of new and rev ised system s; and recom m ends equipment changes to obtain m ore effective overall operations. (NOTE; W orkers perform ing both system s analysis and program ing should be c la s sified as system s analysts if this is the skill used to determ ine their pay.) Does not include em ployees p rim a rily resp onsible fo r the management or supervision of other electron ic data p rocessin g (EDP) em p loyees, or system s analysts p rim a rily con cerned with scien tific or engineering p roblem s. F or wage study p u rp oses, maintaining accounts receivable in a retail establishm ent, or maintaining inventory accounts in a manufacturing or. w holesale establishm ent.) C onfers with persons con cerned to determ ine the data p rocessin g problem s and advises subject-m atter personnel on the im plications of the data p rocessin g system s to be applied. system s analysts are cla ss ifie d as follow s; Class A . W orks independently or under only general d irection on com p lex problem s involving all phases of system s analysis. P rob lem s are com plex because of diverse sou rces of input data and m ultip le-u se requirem ents of output data. (F or exam ple, develops an inte grated production scheduling, inventory con trol, cost analysis, and sales analysis re co rd in which every item of each type is autom atically p ro ce s s e d through the full system of record s and appropriate followup actions are initiated by the com puter.) Confers with persons co n cerned to determ ine the data p rocessin g p roblem s and advises subject-m atter personnel on the im plications of new o r rev ised system s of data p rocessin g operations. Makes r e c o m m endations, if needed, fo r approval of m ajor system s installations o r changes and for obtaining equipment. May provide functional d irection to low er level system s analysts who are assigned to as sist. C lass B . W orks independently or under only general d irection on p roblem s that are rela tively uncom plicated to analyze, plan, p rog ra m , and operate. P rob lem s are of lim ited com plexity because sou rces of input data are hom ogeneous and the output data are c lo s e ly related. (F or exam ple, develops system s for maintaining depositor accounts in a bank, C lass A . Plans the graphic presentation of com plex item s having distinctive design features that differ significantly fro m established drafting p recedents. W orks in clo se sup port with the design origin ator, and m ay recom m end m inor design changes. Analyzes the effect of each change on the details of fo rm , function, and positional relationships of co m ponents and parts. W orks with a minimum of su p ervisory a ssistance. Completed w ork is review ed by design origin ator fo r con sisten cy with p rio r engineering determ inations. May either prepare drawings, o r d irect their preparation by low er le ve l draftsm en. Class B . P e rfo rm s nonroutine and com p lex drafting assignm ents that require the appli cation of m ost of the standardized drawing techniques regularly used. Duties typically in volve such work as; P re p a re s working drawings of subassem blies with irreg u la r shapes, m ultiple functions, and p re cis e positional relationships between com ponents; prepares a rch i tectural drawings fo r con struction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, wall section s, flo o r plans, and roof. U ses accepted form ulas and manuals in making n ecessary computations to determ ine quantities of m aterials to be used, load cap a cities, strengths, stre ss e s, etc. R eceives initial instructions, requirem ents, and advice fro m supervisor. Completed work is checked fo r technical adequacy. C lass C. P rep a res detail drawings of single units or parts fo r engineering, construction, m anufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include iso m e tric p rojection s (depicting three dim insions in accu rate scale) and sectional views to cla rify positioning of com ponents and convey needed inform ation. C onsolidates details fro m a number of sources and adjusts or transposes sca le as required. Suggested m ethods of approach, applicable p receden ts, and advice on source m aterials are given with initial assignm ents. Instructions are le ss com plete when assignm ents recu r. W ork m ay be sp ot-ch ecked during p ro g re ss. DRAFTSM AN-TRACER C opies plans and drawings p repared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawings and tracing with pen or p encil. (Does not include tracing lim ited to plans p rim arily consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring clo s e d elin ea tion .) a n d /or P rep a res sim ple or repetitive drawings of ea sily visualized item s. during p ro g re ss . W ork is c lo s e ly supervised NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (R egistered) A re g istered nurse who gives nursing se rv ice under general m ed ical d irection to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who becom e ill or suffer an accident on the p rem ises of a fa ctory o r other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination of the follow ing: Giving firs t aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent d ressing of em p loyees' in ju ries; keeping re co rd s of patients treated; preparing accident reports fo r com pensation or other p u rp oses; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em p loyees; and planning and c a r r y ing out p rogram s involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environm ent, or other a ctivities affecting the health, w elfa re, and safety of all personnel. M A IN T E N A N C E A N D P O W E R P L A N T CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE— Continued P e rfo r m s the carpentry duties n ecessa ry to construct and maintain in good repair building woodw ork and equipment such as bins, cr ib s , cou nters, benches, partitions, d o o rs, flo o rs , sta irs, casin gs, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, m od els, or verbal instructions using a variety of ca rp en ter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop computations relating to dim ensions of w ork; and selecting m aterials n ece ssa ry fo r the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form a l apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. 15 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (Maintenance)— Continued P erform s a variety of e le ctrica l trade functions such as the installation, maintenance, or rep a ir of equipment for the generation, distribution, or utilization of e le ctric energy in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the follow ing: Installing or repairing any of a variety of e le ctrica l equipment such as gen era tors, tra n sform ers, sw itchboards, co n tro lle rs , circuit break e r s , m otors, heating units, conduit system s, or other transm ission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specification s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le ctrica l system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirem ents of w iring or e le ctrica l equipment; and using a variety of electricia n 's handtools and m easuring and testing instrum ents. In general, the work of the maintenance e lectricia n requires rounded train ing and experien ce usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and exp erien ce. the various assem blies in the vehicle and making n ecessary adjustments; and alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the w ork of the automotive m echanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al appren ticesh ip or equivalent training and experien ce. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and m ay also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or electrica l) to supply the establishm ent in which em ployed with pow er, heat, refrig era tion , or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air c o m p re s so rs , gen erators, m otors, turbines, ventilating and r e fr ig erating equipment, steam b o ile rs and b o ile r -fe d water pumps; making equipment rep a irs; and keeping a re c o rd of operation of m achinery, tem perature, and fuel consumption. May a lso su perv ise these operations. Head or ch ief engineers in establishm ents em ploying m ore than one engineer are excluded. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER F ires stationary b oilers to furnish the establishment in which em ployed with heat, power, or steam . Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, or gas or o il burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, o il, or a ssist in repairing b o ile rro o m equipment. H ELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES A ssists one or m ore w ork ers in the skilled maintenance tra d e s, by p erform ing sp ecific or general duties of le s s e r skill, such as keeping a w orker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning .working area, m achine, and equipment; assisting journeym an by holding m aterials or to o ls ; and perform ing other unskilled tasks as d irected by journeym an. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to p erform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is con fined to supplying, lifting, and holding m aterials and tools and cleaning working a reas; and in others he is perm itted to p erform specialized machine operation s, or parts of a trade that are also p erform ed by w orkers on a fu ll-tim e b asis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM S pecializes in the operation of one or m ore types of machine to o ls , such as jig b o re rs , cylin drical or surface grin d ers, engine lathes, or m illing m achines, in the construction of m achine-shop tools, gages, jig s , fixtures, or d ies. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Plan ning and p erform ing difficult machining operations; p rocessin g item s requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of a ccu ra cy; using a variety of p recision m easuring instrum ents; selecting feed s, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making n ecessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite toleran ces or dim ensions. M a yb e required to recognize when tools need d r e s s ing, to d ress tools, and to select p roper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. F or c r o s s industry wage study p u rp oses, m achine-tool op era tors, toolro o m , in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssification . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE P roduces replacem ent parts and new parts in making rep a irs of m etal parts of m echan ical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Interpreting written instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of m a chinist's handtools and p recision m easuring instrum ents; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of m etal parts to close toleran ces; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of w ork, tooling, feed s, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the com m on m etals; selecting standard m ateria ls, parts, and equipment required for his work; and fitting and assem bling parts into m echanical equipment. In general, the m achinist's work norm ally requires a rounded training in m achine-shop pra ctice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R epairs m achinery or m echanical equipment of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Examining machines and m echanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling m achines and p erform ing repairs that m ainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacem ent part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for m ajor rep a irs; preparing written specifications for m ajor repairs or fo r the production of parts ord ered from machine shop; reassem bling m achines; and making all n ece ssa ry adjustments fo r operation. In general, the work of a maintenance m echanic r e quires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. Excluded from this cla ssification are w orkers whose prim ary duties involve setting up or adjusting m achines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new m achines or heavy equipment, and dism antles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves m ost of the f o l low ing: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specification s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to s tr e ss e s, strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting stand ard to o ls , equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good ord er power transm ission equipment such as drives and speed red u cers. In general, the m illw right's work norm ally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER L ubricates, with o il or grease, the moving parts or wearing surfaces equipment of an establishm ent. of m echanical PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and red ecorates w alls, woodw ork, and fixtures of an establishm ent. Work in volves the follow ing: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required fo r different applications; preparing surface for painting by rem oving old finish or by placing putty or fille r in nail holes and in terstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May m ix c o lo r s , o ils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain p roper co lo r or con sistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPE FITTER , MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs w ater, steam , gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Laying out of work and m easuring to lo cate position of pipe from drawings or other written specification s; cutting various sizes of pipe to co rre ct lengths with ch isel and ham m er or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; thread ing pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or p ow er-d riven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to p re ssu re s, flow , and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determ ine whether finished pipes m eet specification s. In general, the w ork of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experien ce usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. W orkers p rim a rily engaged in installing and repairing building sanita tion or heating system s are excluded. PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good ord er. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installing or r e pairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or p lu m b e r's snake. In general, the w ork of the maintenance plum ber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (Maintenance) SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE R epairs autom obiles, buses, m otortrucks, and tra ctors of an establishm ent. Work in volves m ost of the follow ing: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipment and perform ing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as w renches, gages, d rills , or specialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installing F a b rica tes, in stalls, and maintains in good repair the sheet-m etal equipment and fix tures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lo ck e rs , tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-m etal maintenance w ork from blueprints, m odels, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal working m achines; using a variety of 16 SH EE T-M E TAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE----Continued TOOL AND DIE MAKER--- Continued handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; and installing sheetm etal a rticles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-m etal w orker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. using a variety of tool and die m ak er's handtools and p re cisio n m easuring instrum ents; under standing of the working properties of com m on m etals and a lloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making n ecessa ry shop computations relating to dimensions of w ork, speeds, feed s, and tooling of m achines; heat-treating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to clo se toleran ces; fitting and assem bling of parts to p re scrib e d toleran ces and allow ances; and selecting appropriate m ateria ls, to o ls, and p ro ce s s e s. In general, the tool and die m ak er's work requires a rounded training in m achine-shop and toolroom p ractice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experien ce. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die m aker; jig m aker; tool m aker; fixture m aker; gage maker) Constructs and repairs m achine-shop to o ls , gages, jig s , fixtures or dies for forgin gs, punching, and other m eta l-form in g work. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from m od els, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; F or cro ss-in d u stry wage study purposes, tool and die m akers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this cla ssification . C U S T O D IA L A N D M A T E R IA L M O V E M E N T GUARD AND WATCHMAN Guard. P e rfo r m s routine p olice duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining o rd er, using arm s or fo rce where n ecessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of em ployees and other persons entering. Watchman. Makes rounds of p rem ises period ica lly in protecting property against fire , theft, and illega l entry. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress) Cleans and keeps in an ord erly condition fa cto ry working areas and w ashroom s, or p rem ises of an o ffice , apartment house, or com m ercia l or other establishm ent. Duties involve a com bination of the follow ing: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing flo o rs ; rem oving chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing m etal fixtures or trim m ings; providing supplies and m inor maintenance s e rv ice s ; and cleaning lavatories, show e rs , and restroom s. W orkers who specialize in window washing are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; w a re houseman or warehouse helper) A w orker em ployed in a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or from freight ca rs , trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage location; and transporting m aterials or m erchandise by handtruck, ca r, or w heelbarrow . Longshorem en, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer ord ers for finished goods from stored m erchandise in a cco r d ance with specifications on sales slip s, cu stom ers' o rd e rs , or other instructions. May, inaddition to filling ord ers and indicating item s filled or om itted, keep record s of outgoing o rd e rs , requi sition additional stock or report short supplies to su p ervisor, and p erform other related duties. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK P rep ares m erchandise fo r shipment, or re ce iv e s and is responsible for incom ing ship ments of m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work in volves: A knowledge of shipping p roced u res, p ra ctice s, routes, available means of transportation, and rate; and preparing r e c ords of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping ch arges, and keeping a file of shipping re c o rd s. May d irect or a ssist in preparing the m erchandise for ship ment. R eceiving work in v olv es: V erifying or directing others in verifying the co rre ctn e ss of shipments against bills of lading, in v oices, or other re c o rd s; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to prop er departments; and maintaining h e ce ssary record s and file s. F or wage study purposes, w orkers are cla ssifie d as follow s: R eceiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, m erchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishm ents such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, w arehouses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or between retail establishm ents and cu sto m e rs' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without h elpers, make minor m echanical rep a irs, and keep truck in good working ord er. D riv e r-sa le sm e n and o v e r-th e -ro a d d rivers are excluded. F or wage study p u rp oses, tru ckd rivers are cla ssifie d by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (T ra cto r-tra ile r should be rated on the basis of tra ile r capacity.) T ru ckdriver (com bination of sizes listed separately) T ru ckd river, light (under IV2 tons) T ru ckd river, medium (1 Vz to and including 4 tons) T ru ckd river, heavy (over 4 tons, tra iler type) T ru ckd river, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra ile r type) TRUCKER, POWER PACKER, SHIPPING P repares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping con tain ers, the s p ecific operations perform ed being dependent upon the type, s ize , and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Knowl edge of various items of stock in ord er to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using e x ce lsio r or other m aterial to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. P ackers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. Operates a manually controlled gasolin e- or e le ctric-p o w e re d truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. F o r wage study p urposes, w orkers are cla ss ifie d by type of truck, as follow s: T ru ck er, power (forklift) T ru ck er, power (other than forklift) A r e a W a g e S u rv ey s A l i s t o f the l a t e s t a v a i l a b l e b u l l e t i n s i s p r e s e n t e d b e l o w . A d i r e c t o r y o f a r e a w a g e s t u d i e s i n c l u d i n g m o r e l i m i t e d s t u d i e s c o n d u c t e d at the r e q u e s t o f th e W a g e a n d H o u r D i v i s i o n o f th e D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r is a v a i l a b l e o n r e q u e s t . B u l l e t i n s m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m th e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . , 2 0 4 0 2 , o r f r o m a n y o f th e B L S r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s s h o w n o n th e i n s i d e f r o n t c o v e r . Area A k r o n , O h i o , J u l y 1 9 7 0 ______________________________________ A l b a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , N . Y . , M a r . 197 1 1_________ A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . , M a r . 197 1------------------------------------A l l e n t o w n —B e t h l e h e m —E a s t o n , P a . —N . J . , M a y 197 0 1— A t l a n t a , G a . , M a y 1 9 7 1 - .................................. ............................... B a l t i m o r e , M d . , A u g . 1 9 70 1_______________________________ B e a u m o n t r - P o r t A r t h u i —O r a n g e , T e x . , M a y 1971 1 ----B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . , J u l y 19 70 ______________________________ B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1971 1___________________________ B o i s e C i t y , I d a h o , N o v . 1 9 7 0 * ____________________________ B o s t o n , M a s s . , A u g . 1 9 7 0 1 _____________________________-— B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t . 1970 1................................................................ B u r l i n g t o n , V t . , M a r . 197 1 1----------------------------------------------C a n t o n , O h i o , M a y 1 9 7 1 _____________________________________ C h a r l e s t o n , W . V a . , M a r . 197 1---------------------------------------C h a r l o t t e , N . C . , J a n . 1 9 7 1 ........... ........................... .......... ........ C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . - G a . , S e p t . 1 9 7 0 * -----------------------------C h i c a g o , 111., J u n e 1 9 7 0 _____________________________________ C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o —K y . —I n d . , F e b . 197 1 1---------------------------C l e v e l a n d , O h i o , S e p t . 19 70 1---------------------------------------------C o l u m b u s , O h i o , O c t . 1970 1----------------------------------------------D a l l a s , T e x . , O c t . 1 9 70 1 ----------------------------------------------------D a v e n p o r t —R o c k I s l a n d —M o l i n e , I o w a —111., F e b . 197 1--------------------------------------------------------------------------------D a y t o n , O h i o , D e c . 19 70 1----------------------------------------------------D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1970 ----------------------------------------------------D e s M o i n e s , I o w a , M a y 1 9 7 1 ---------------------------------------------D e t r o i t , M i c h . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 __________________________________ F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t . 19 70 1 -------------------------------------------G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u l y 1 9 7 0 1---------------------------------------------G r e e n v i l l e , S . C . , M a y 1 9 7 0 ------------------------------------------------H o u s t o n , T e x . , A p r . 1971 1-------------------------------------------------I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d ., O c t . 1970 1_____________________________ J a c k s o n , M i s s . , J a n . 1971 1________________________________ J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 19 70 1------------------------------------------K a n s a s C i t y , M o . - K a n s . , S e p t . 1 9 70 1-----------------------------L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N . H . , J u n e 1 9 70 1-----------L i t t l e R o c k - N o r t h L i t t l e R o c k , A r k . , J u l y 1 9 70 1-------L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h a n d A n a h e i m —S a n t a A n a G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1971 1_____________________ L o u i s v i l l e , K y . —I n d ., N o v . 1 9 7 0 -----------------------------------------L u b b o c k , T e x . , M a r . 197 1---------------------------------------------------M a n c h e s t e r , N . H . , J u l y 1 9 70 1 ____________________________ M e m p h i s , T e n n . —A r k . , N o v . 1 9 7 0 --------------------------------------M i a m i , F l a . , N o v . 1970 1____________________________________ M i d l a n d a n d O d e s s a , T e x . , J a n . 197 1-------------------------------M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , M a y 1 9 7 0 1---------------------------------------------M i n n e a p o l i s —St. P a u l , M i n n . , J a n . 197 1--------------------------- Data on establishment Bulletin nu m ber and p r i c e 1 6 60-8 8, 30 c e n t s 1685-5 4, 35 c e n t s 1685-5 8, 30 c e n t s 1660-83, 35 c e n t s 1685-6 9, 40c e n t s 1 6 8 5 - 1 8, 50 c e n t s 1685-6 8, 35 c e n t s 16 85-6, 30 c e n t s 1685-6 3, 40 c e n t s 1685-2 1, 35 c e n t s 1 6 8 5 - 1 1, 50 c e n t s 1685-4 3, 50 c e n t s 1685-5 9, 35 c e n t s 1685-71, 30 c e n t s 1685-5 7, 30c e n t s 1685-4 8, 30 c e n t s 1685-1 0, 35 c e n t s 1660-9 0, 60 c e n t s 1685-53, 45c e n t s 1 6 85-2 8, 50 c e n t s 1685-3 3, 40c e n t s 1685-2 2, 50c e n t s 1 6 8 5 - 5 1, 1685-45, 1685-4 1, 1685-70, 1660-58, 1685-2 5, 16 85-4 , 1660-79, 1685-67, 1685-3 1, 1685- 39, 1685-3 7, 1 6 8 5 - 16, 1660-8 2, 16 85-1 , 30c e n t s 40ce n ts 35c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 40ce n ts 35c e n t s 35c e n t s 45 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 1 6 85-6 6, 1685-27, 1685-6 0, 16 85-2, 1685- 30, 1685-2 9, 1 6 85-4 0, 1660-74, 1685-44, 50 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 40cen ts 30 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 40 c e n t s practices and supplementary wa ge provisions are also presented. Area M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h . , J u n e 1 9 70 1_____ N e w a r k an d J e r s e y C i t y , N . J . , J a n . 197 1-----------------------N e w H a v e n , C o n n . , J a n . 197 1_______________________________ N e w O r l e a n s , L a . , J a n . 197 1 1_____________________________ N e w Y o r k , N . Y . , A p r . 1 9 7 0 1___________ __________ _________ N o r f o l k —P o r t s m o u t h a n d N e w p o r t N e w s — H a m p t o n , V a . , J a n . 1971 1 ------------------------------------------------O k l a h o m a C i t y , O k l a . , J u l y 1 9 7 0 ---------------------------------------O m a h a , N e b r . - I o w a , S e p t . 1 9 70 1 _________________________ P a t e r s o n —C l i f t o n —P a s s a i c , N . J . , J u n e 19 70 1___________ P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . - N . J . , N o v . 1 9 7 0 ________________________ P h o e n i x , A r i z . , M a r . 19 70 1________________________________ P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , J a n . 197 1 1 ________________________________ P o r t l a n d , M a i n e , N o v . 1 9 7 0 _________________________________ P o r t l a n d , O r e g . - W a s h . , M a y 19 70 1______________________ P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t —W a r w i c k , R . I . - M a s s . , M a y 1 9 7 0 ____________ __________________ ________________________ R a l e i g h , N . C . , A u g . 1 9 7 0 1__________________________________ R i c h m o n d , V a . , M a r . 1 9 7 1 __________________________________ R o c h e s t e r , N .Y . (o f fic e o c cu p a tio n s only), A u g . 1 9 7 0 ______________________________________________________ R o c k f o r d , 111., M a y 1970 1 __________________________________ St. L o u i s , M o . —111., M a r . 1 9 7 1 * ___________________________ S a lt L a k e C i t y , U t a h , N o v . 1 9 70 1_________________________ S a n A n t o n i o , T e x . , M a y 1 9 7 0 _______________________________ S an B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r s i d e —O n t a r i o , C a l i f . , D e c . 19 70 1____________________________________________________ S a n D i e g o , C a l i f . , N o v . 1 9 7 0 ------------------------------------------------S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , O c t . 1 9 7 0 ----------------------S a n J o s e , C a l i f . , A u g . 1 9 7 0 -------------------------------------------------S a v a n n a h , G a . , M a y 1 9 7 1 ____________________________________ S c r a n t o n , P a . , J u l y 1 9 70 1___________________________________ S e a t t l e —E v e r e t t , W a s h . , J a n . 197 1 1______________________ S i o u x F a l l s , S. D a k . , D e c . 1970 1---------------------------------------S o u t h B e n d , I n d ., M a r . 1 9 7 1 ------------------------------------------------S p o k a n e , W a s h . , J u n e 19 70 1 ----------------------------------------------S y r a c u s e , N . Y . , J u l y 1 9 7 0 ---------------------------------------------------T a m p a —St. P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . , N o v . 1 9 7 0 --------------------------T o l e d o , O h i c m M i c h . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 ____________________________ T r e n t o n , N . J . , S e p t . 1 9 70 1 _________________________________ U t i c a —R o m e , N . Y . , J u l y 1 9 7 0 ______________________________ W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . —M d . —V a . , A p r . 197 1---------------------------W a t e r b u r y , C o n n . , M a r . 197 1---------------------------------------------W a t e r l o o , I o w a , N o v . 1 9 7 0 * ________________________________ W i c h i t a , K a n s . , A p r . 1 9 7 1 __________________________________ W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , M a y 1 9 70 1 ____________________________ Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1 9 7 1 _________________________________________ Y o u n g s t o w n —W a r r e n , O h i o , N o v . 1 9 7 0 ------------------------------ B ulletin n u m b e r an d p r i c e 1660-85, 1685-4 7, 1685-3 5, 1 6 85-3 6, 1660-8 9, 35 40 30 40 75 cents cents cents cents cents 1685-4 6, 16 85-5, 1 6 8 5 - 14, 1660-8 7, 1685-3 4, 1660-70, 1685-4 9, 1 6 8 5 - 19 , 1660-77, 35 30 35 45 50 35 50 30 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents 40 c e n t s 1660-72, 1 6 8 5 - 12. 1685-62, 30 c e n t s 35c e n t s 30 c e n t s 16 85-7 , 1660-75, 1685-6 5, 1685-26, 16 60-71, 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 1685-42, 1 6 85-2 0, 1685-2 3, 1 6 8 5 - 13, 1685-72, 16 85-3 , 1685-52, 1685- 38, 1685-6 1, 1660-8 6, 16 85-8 , 1 6 8 5 - 17, 1660-56, 1 6 8 5 - 15, 16 85-9 , 1685-5 6, 1685-5 5, 1685-3 2, 1685-64, 1660-7 8, 1 6 85-5 0, 1685-24, 40c e n ts 30 c e n t s 40 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35c e n t s 35 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35c e n t s 30 c e n t s 40 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s U.S. DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS W ASHING TO N, D.C. 20212 O F F IC IA L BUSINESS PE NALTY FOR PRIV ATE USE, $300