The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Saginaw, Michigan, Metropolitan Area, November 1976 Bulletin 1900-74 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics S A G IN A W Saginaw & Preface T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s r e s u lts o f a N o v e m b e r 1976 s u r v e y o f oc c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s and s u p p lem e n ta ry w a g e b e n e fits in the S agin aw , M ic h ig a n , Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a (S a gin aw C oun ty). T h e s u r v e y w as m ad e as p a rt o f the B u reau o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s ' annual a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m , w h ich is d e sig n e d to y ie ld data f o r in d iv id u a l m e tro p o lita n a r e a s as w e ll as n a tio n a l and r e g io n a l e s tim a te s f o r a ll Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s in the U n ited S ta te s , e xclu d in g A la s k a and H a w a ii. A m a jo r c o n s id e r a tio n in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is the n eed to d e s c r ib e th e l e v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r ie t y o f la b o r m a r k e ts , th rou gh th e a n a ly s is o f (1) the le v e l and d is trib u tio n o f w a g e s by oc c u p a tio n , and (2 ) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s by oc c u p a tio n a l c a te g o r y and s k ill le v e l. The p ro gra m d e v e lo p s in fo rm a tio n that m a y be u sed fo r m any p u r p o s e s , in cluding w a g e and s a la r y a d m in is tr a tio n , c o lle c t iv e b a r g a in in g , and a s s is ta n c e in d e te rm in in g plant lo c a tio n . S u rv e y r e s u lts a ls o a r e u sed by the U .S. D ep a rtm en t o f L a b o r to m ake w a g e d e t e r m in a tio n s under the S e r v ic e C o n tra c t A c t o f 1965. C u r r e n tly , 84 a r e a s a r e inclu d ed in th e p r o g r a m . (S ee lis t o f a r e a s on in s id e b ack c o v e r .) In each a r e a , occu p a tio n a l e a rn in g s data a r e c o lle c te d an nually. In fo r m a tio n on e s ta b lis h m ent p r a c t ic e s and s u p p lem e n ta ry w a g e b e n e fits is ob tained e v e r y th ird y e a r. E ach y e a r a fte r a ll in d iv id u a l a r e a w a g e s u rv e y s have b een c o m p le te d , tw o s u m m a ry b u lle tin s a r e is s u e d . Th e f i r s t b rin g s to g e th e r data fo r each m e tro p o lita n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; the second p re s e n ts n a tion a l and r e g io n a l e s tim a te s , p r o je c t e d fr o m in d iv id u a l m e tro p o lita n a r e a data. T h e S agin aw s u r v e y w as con du cted by the B u re a u 's r e g io n a l o f f ic e in C h ic a g o , 111., under the g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n o f L o is L . O r r , A s s is ta n t R e g io n a l C o m m is s io n e r fo r O p e ra tio n s . T h e s u r v e y could not h a ve b een a c c o m p lis h e d w ithout the c o o p e r a tio n o f the m any f ir m s w h o s e w a g e and s a la r y data p ro v id e d th e b a s is f o r the s ta tis tic a l in fo rm a tio n in th is b u lle tin . The B u reau w is h e s to e x p r e s s s in c e r e a p p re c ia tio n fo r th e c o o p e ra tio n r e c e iv e d . Bulletin 1900-74 February 1977 Area Wage Survey: Saginaw, Michigan, Metropolitan Area November 1976 Contents U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, Ray Marshall, Secretary ^ BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Julius Shiskin, Commissioner page I n t r o d u c t io n ___________ _________________________ __________ 2 Page T a b le s — C on tin u ed B. T a b le s : A. E a r n in g s : A - l - W e e k ly e a r n in g s o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s . . . A - 2 . W e e k ly e a r n in g s o f p r o fe s s io n a l and t e c h n ic a l w o r k e r s ________________ A - 3 . A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f o f f i c e , p r o f e s s io n a l, and t e c h n ic a l w o r k e r s , b y s e x ______________________ A - 4 . H o u r ly e a r n in g s o f m a in te n a n c e , t o o lr o o m , and p o w e r p la n t w o r k e r s __________________________________ A -5 . H o u r ly e a r n in g s o f m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u s to d ia l w o r k e r s __________________________________ A - 6 . A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f m a in te n a n c e , t o o lr o o m , p o w e r p la n t, m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t , and c u s to d ia l w o r k e r s , b y s e x --------------A - 7 . P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s , a d ju s te d f o r e m p lo y m e n t s h i f t s _________________ 3 E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v is io n s : B - l . M in im u m e n tr a n c e s a la r ie s f o r in e x p e r ie n c e d t y p is t s and c l e r k s _______________ _______________ B-2. L a t e shift p a y p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e m a n u f a c t u r i n g pl a n t w o r k e r s ___________________________________ B -3 . S ch e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs and d a y s o f fu ll- tim e fir s t - s h ift w o r k e r s __________________________________ A n n u a l p a id h o lid a y s f o r f u l l - t i m e 4 4 B -4 . 8 9 10 5 w o r k e r s ___________________________________ 11 B - 5 . P a i d v a c a t i o n p r o v i s i o n s for f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s ______________________ 12 5 B - 6 . H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n p r o v is io n s f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s __________________________________ 15 6 A p p e n d ix A . A p p e n d ix B . S c o p e and m e th o d o f s u r v e y ------------ 17 O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ____________ 22 7 1 For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, U .S . Government Printing O ffic e, Washington, D. C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS R egional O ffices listed on back cover. Price 75 cents. Make checks payable to Superintendent o f Documents. Introduction n u r s e s , s k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s w o r k e r s , and u n s k ille d p la n t w o r k e r s . W h e r e p o s s ib le , d a ta a r e p re s e n te d fo r a l l in d u s t r ie s , m a n u fa c tu r in g , and n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g . T h is ta b le p r o v id e s a m e a s u r e o f w a g e t r e n d s a f t e r e lim in a t io n o f c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s c a u s e d b y e m p lo y m e n t s h ifts a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n ts as w e l l a s t u r n o v e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts in c lu d e d in s u r v e y s a m p le s . F o r fu r t h e r d e t a ils , s e e a p p e n d ix A . T h is a r e a is 1 o f 84 in w h ic h th e U .S. D e p a rtm e n t o f L a b o r 's B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s c o n d u cts s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la te d b e n e fit s . In th is a r e a , d a ta w e r e o b ta in e d by p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u re a u f i e l d e c o n o m is t s to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa c tu r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n i c a tio n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s tr y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m t h e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s and th e c o n s tr u c tio n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts h a v in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d b e c a u s e o f in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d . S e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f th e b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s w h ic h m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . B - s e r i e s ta b le s T h e B - s e r i e s t a b le s p r e s e n t in fo r m a tio n on m in im u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; la te s h ift p a y p r o v is io n s and p r a c t ic e s f o r p la n t w o r k e r s in m a n u fa c tu r in g ; and d a ta s e p a r a t e ly f o r p la n t and o f f i c e w o r k e r s on s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs and d a y s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s ; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s . A - s e r ie s ta b le s T a b le s A - l th ro u g h A - 6 p r o v id e e s t im a t e s o f s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r w o r k e r s in o c c u p a tio n s c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s . O c c u p a tio n s w e r e s e le c t e d f r o m th e fo llo w in g c a t e g o r i e s : (a ) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l , (b ) p r o fe s s io n a l and t e c h n ic a l, (c ) m a in te n a n c e , t o o lr o o m , and p o w e r p la n t, and (d ) m a te r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s to d ia l. In th e 31 l a r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , t a b le s A - l a th ro u g h A - 6 a p r o v id e s i m i l a r d ata f o r e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g 500 w o r k ers or m ore. T a b le A -7 p r o v id e s p e r c e n t c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e le c t r o n ic d ata p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , in d u s tr ia l A p p e n d ix e s A p p e n d ix A d e s c r ib e s th e m e th o d s and c o n c e p ts u s e d in th e a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m . It p r o v id e s in fo r m a t io n on th e s c o p e o f th e a r e a s u r v e y , on th e a r e a 's in d u s t r ia l c o m p o s it io n in m a n u fa c t u r in g , and on la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e . A p p e n d ix B p r o v id e s jo b d e s c r ip t io n s u sed b y B u re a u f i e l d e c o n o m is t s to c l a s s i f y w o r k e r s b y o c c u p a tio n . 2 A. Earnings T ab le A-1. W e e k ly earnings of o ffice w o rkers in S a g in a w , M ic h ., N o v e m b er 1976 W eek ly earnings 1 (standard) N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f— s A verage w eekly houre1 (standard] O ccupation and in d u s try d iv is io n s 90 s s s s s s s $ s $ s s s s s s S 5 100 llo 120 130 140 ISO 160 170 180 190 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 360 110 120 130 140 150 160 17 Q 180 190 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 34Q 360 38Q over 10 10 10 13 15 15 16 1 7 10 13 8 11 7 and under 100 ALU s WORKERS $ 157 ------- ---------------------- SECRETARIES N O NM ANUFACTURING — SE C R E TA R IE S* CLASS SEC R E TA R IE S. CLASS N O NM ANUFACTURING SEC R ETA R IE S. STENOGRAPHERS. T Y PIS T S. CLASS A T Y PIS T S. CLASS B 1 5 3 .5 0 ■ 2 9 7 .5 0 16 0 .0 0 1 4 0 .5 0 ■ 2 2 4 .5 0 ----------- 27 3 9 .0 2 2 8 .0 0 17 9.50 1 5 0 .0 0 -3 1 4 .0 0 C « 70 37 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 2 2 4 .0 0 2 5 1.00 1 4 0 .0 0 ■2 9 4 .5 0 12 16 7 .0 0 14 2.50 1 2 7 .5 0 ■1 9 1 .5 0 6 37 3 8 .0 2 1 0 .5 0 2 1 4.00 2 0 5 .0 0 -2 3 3 .5 0 46 4 0 .0 19 1.00 16 1.50 1 4 0 .0 0 -2 4 6 .5 0 21 3 9 .5 14 6.50 14 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 -1 5 7 .0 0 20 4 0 .0 17 9.00 14 6.50 1 2 3 .0 0 -2 4 5 .5 0 42 3 8 .5 13 5.50 12 8.50 1 0 8 .0 0 •1 5 4 .5 0 0 SE N IO R N O NM ANUFACTURING 2 3 2 .0 0 3 8 . 01 1 7 9 . 5 0 3 9 .0 B - CLASS 2 3 3 .0 0 81 ----------- -------------- 12 18 3 4 10 10 12 F ILE CLERKS. CLASS B 28 3 8 .0 1 2 2 .0 0 11 9 .5 0 112.00 - 1 3 0 . 5 0 4 F ILE CLERKS, CLASS C 44 3 9 .0 11 3.50 11 4.50 1 1 0 .5 0 -1 1 4 .5 0 10 3 9 .5 15 7.00 14 0.00 100.00 - 2 0 4 . 0 0 7 3 2 6 6 11 5 28 1 11 15 11 3 3 10 2 4 5 1 3 1 - 13 5 2 SW ITCHBOARD OPERATORS 17 SW ITCHBOARD OPE R A TO R -R E CE PTIO NISTS' 45 3 9 .5 14 5 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 0 8 .0 0 -1 5 2 .0 0 7 5 3 21 4 0 .0 17 5 .5 0 15 2.00 15 2.00 -2 2 8 .0 0 24 3 9 .0 11 8.50 11 5 .5 0 1 0 3 .0 0 -1 3 0 .5 0 7 5 3 9 8 .0 0 -1 4 6 .0 0 6 2 3 - 13 1 3 9 .5 2 1 6 .5 0 2 21.00 16 4.50 ' -2 6 8 .5 0 2 2 13 15 65 4 0 .0 2 3 8 .0 0 2 5 1 .5 0 18 0.00 ' -2 9 4 .0 0 7 10 - 7 66 3 15 19 4 .5 0 17 3.00 1 5 0 .0 0 -2 5 2 .0 0 2 2 10 3 9 .0 9 4 5 14 10 113 25 3 9 .0 13 6 .0 0 14 10 16 17 8 2 13 1 .5 0 13 1.00 13 4 .5 0 112.00 4 0 .0 M ANUFACTURING NONM ANUFACTURING OR DE R CLERKS, ACC O U NTIN G CLASS CLERKS. M AN UFACTUR ING CLERKS, M AN U FACTU R IN G 12 3.50 A ---------------------CLASS B - ------------ — N O NM ANUFACTURING PAYRO LL CLERKS M AN U FACTU R IN G B CLASS * ------- --------— N O NM ANUFACTURING ACCO U NTIN G — ~ -1 5 3 .5 0 1 3 1 .0 0 -1 4 0 .0 0 88 3 9 .0 14 0.00 1 3 0 .0 0 112.00 -1 5 6 .5 0 37 4 0 .0 1 7 2 .0 0 15 9.00 1 2 6 .5 0 16 2.00 15 7.50 1 1 5 .0 0 - 18 4 .5 0 1 5 9 .5 0 6 14 10 -206.00 9 2 20 6 .0 0 8 1 2 1 5 2 .5 0 -1 9 9 .0 0 16 4 10 6 12 6 2 2 3 2 2 21 16 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 60 26 3 9 .5 16 5.00 15 4 .5 0 12 4 .0 0 *2 0 9 .0 0 12 2 19 4 .0 0 2 1 8 .0 0 1 3 4 .0 0 -2 2 8 .0 0 1 2 4 0 .0 34 3 9 .0 14 3.00 13 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 '- 1 6 7 . 5 0 11 2 2 OPERATORS, M ANU FACTU R IN G See footn otes CLASS B • --------------------- at end o f ta b le s . 3 21 8 ------------------------------- N O NM ANUFACTURING ,v 2 11 NONMANUFACTURING -----------------KEYPUNCH 2 3 5 15 6 22 3 3 2 1 T a b le A -2 . W e e k ly earnings of professional and technical w orkers in S a g in a w , M ic h ., N o vem ber 1976 W eek ly earnings 1 (standard) O c c u p a t io n and Number of in d u s t r y d iv is io n N u m ber o f w o r k e r s re c e iv in g s tra ig h t-tim e w e e k ly earn in gs o f— % $ A verage w eekly hours1 (standard 130 M ean 1 M edian 2 M iddle range2 $ S S S S S $ s S I S S $ S S S 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 320 340 360 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 289 290 300 320 340 360 380 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 10 10 1 1 3 3 • 1 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 - 3 3 - 2 2 . 1 1 3 3 • • _______ ALL S 150 and under 14Q W ORKERS $ D R A F T E R S . C L A S S 8 ----------— -----------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------- ---------------------------- 66 66 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 D R A F T E R S . C L A S S C ------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------- --— ------ — — 24 24 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 C LASS 8 ---------- — O O 3 9 .5 O PERATO RS* <0 23 C O M PU TE R S 140 $ 2 9 9 .5 0 1 9 1 .5 0 -3 1 7 .5 0 1 2 7 4 .0 0 2 7 4 .0 0 2 9 1 .5 0 2 9 1 .5 0 2 1 4 .0 0 -3 2 3 .0 0 2 1 4 .0 0 - 3 2 3 .0 0 • 1 8 4 .5 0 1 8 4 .5 0 1 6 4 .0 0 1 6 4 .0 0 1 5 8 .5 0 -2 0 2 .5 0 1 5 8 .5 0 -2 0 2 .5 0 • * 1 2 1 1 - . * * 3 3 3 3 9 9 1 4 1 2 6 3 2 3 3 9 9 13 13 S 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 ' S e e fo o tn o te s ' at end o f t a b le s . Table A -3 . Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Saginaw , M ich., Novem ber 1976 A verage (m ean 2 ) A v e rage (m ean 2 ) Sex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n O FFICE OCCUPATIONS - Number of W eek ly heurs 1 (standard) W eek ly earnings 1 (standard) WOMEN $ 157 3 9 .0 Sex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n O F F IC E OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— C O N T I N U E D Number of woikeis W eek ly hours 1 (standard) R S E C H cT A K ltS * CLASS C 27 3 9 .0 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n O F F IC E OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— C O N T I N U E O W eekly hours 1 [standard) W eek ly earnings 1 (standard) - $ $ O PE R A TO R -R E C E PTIO N ISTS- 21 CLASS Sex, - 2 3 3 .0 0 SWITCHB OARD SEC R E TA R IE S * W eek ly earnings1 (standard) A verage (m e an 2 ) Number of workers 26 1 7 5 .5 0 2 2 8 .0 0 37 MvwwUN 1 IH u v L C o h j t jj M •*Hv» l j j IUNAL ANU Tt v i l W 1 L A L <59 21 3 9 .5 42 3 B .5 105 1 4 6 .5 0 L/HAr 1tH 3 9 .5 22 UKAr 1 1 3 5 .5 0 M AN UFAC TUR IN G S e e fo o tn o te s ----------------------------------- at end o f t a b le s . 4 20 4 0 .0 1 5 6 .5 0 j i \>l A j j D v L nJ J v , Ai „ ^ 3 3 Table A -4 . H ourly earnings of m a in ten a n c e , toolroom , and p o w e rp la n t w orkers in S a g in a w , M ic h ., N o vem b er 1976 N O T E : D a ta f o r m a in te n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t w o r k e r s do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . Table A -5. Hourly earnings of m aterial movement and custodial workers in S aginaw , M ich ., November 1976 Hourly earnings N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a ig h t - tim e l o u r l y e a r n in g s o f --- * Number of O c c u p a tio n and in d u s try d iv is io n . Mean 2 M ed ian 2 M iddle range 2 i 2 .20 2 .3 0 2 . AO 2 . AO 2 .5 0 1 $ $ $ S $ s s s s $ S S 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 A . 00 A . 20 A .A0 4.60 S A .8 0 s 2 .6 0 S 3 . A0 $ 2 .5 0 5 .2 0 5 .6 0 6 .0 0 6 . A0 S 6 .8 0 S 7 .2 0 2 .6 0 2 .8 0 ? ,o p 3 .2 0 3 . A0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 A . 00 A . 20 A .A 0 A .6 0 A .8 0 5 .2 0 5 ,6 0 £ .0 0 6.A Q 6 .8 0 7 ,2 0 7 .6 0 ------- s $ t 7 .6 0 and u n d er 2 .30 8.0Q ALL W O R K E R S $ $ $ $ 28 NUNMANUr A v 1UK 1No 1 UK 1 V tK j 9 MCU 1KUvrV * MA1t H 1AL “ A N U LIN u L A d UKLK j JANITORS, PORTERS, S e e fo o tn o te s " “** "" " A N O C L E A N E R S ----- 502 5*85 6 .6 8 6 »2 6 * 6*85 5 .5 5 - 6 .6 8 6 5 9 7 at end o f t a b le s . 5 9 11 5 12 3 1 1 7 16 3 - 25 13 21 62 287 - - Table A -6 . Average hourly earnings of m aintenance, toolroom , pow erplant, m aterial m ovem ent, and custodial w orkers. by sex, in S aginaw , M ich., Novem ber 1976 S ex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n m a t e r ia l movem ent O C C U P A T IO N S and - Number of workers A v erage (m ean 2 ) hourly earnings4 Sex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers M A T E R I A L M O V t M E N T AN D C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN— C O N T I N U E D c u s t o d ia l MEN $ $ JAN 1 TUK j t ' U K 1t n j i ANU b L C A N tr.3 • N u N H A N U i A L ! UK 1N o R E C E IV IN G CLERKS ------------------------------------------------- 16 H A N D L IN G S e e fo o tn o te s LABORERS — — — 158 74 3 .9 4 69 4 .8 8 3 .1 6 6 .0 0 M A T E R IA L M A T E R IA L A verage (m e a n * ) hourly earnings4 6 .1 9 MOVEMENT AND C U S T O D IA L J A N I T O R S . P O R T E R S . AND C L E A N E R S — N O N M A N U F A C T U R IN G ---------- ---------------- ------------- at end o f t a b le s . 6 30 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, adjusted for em ploym ent shifts, in Saginaw, M ich ., for selected periods In d u s tr y and o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p (m e n and w o m e n c o m b in e d ) N o v e m b e r 1974 to N o v e m b e r 1975 A l l in d u s t r ie s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l ____ ___ __ ______________________ E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g __ _ _____ ____ ___________ In d u s t r ia l n u r s e s ___________ _____________________ S k ille d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s ___ ________ _ _______ U n s k ille d p lan t w o r k e r s , _____________________________ * D a ta do not m e e t p u b licatio n c r it e r ia . 7 N o v e m b e r 1975 to N o v e m b e r 1976 7.9 * * * 7.2 * * * 10.1 10.2 B. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Table B-1. M inim um entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks in Saginaw , M ich ., November 1976 I n e x p e r ie n c e d t y p is t s M in im u m w e e k ly s t r a ig h t - t im e s a l a r y 5 A ll in d u s tr ie s B a s e d on s ta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 7 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s ESTAB LISH M E N TS e s t a b l is h m e n t s s t u d ie d h av in g a — — — ------- $100*00 $ 1 0 5 .0 0 $ 1 1 0 .0 0 $ 1 1 5 .0 0 $1 2 0 .0 0 $ 1 2 5 .0 0 $13 0 .0 0 $ 1 3 5 .0 0 $1 4 0 .0 0 $ 1 4 5 .0 0 $ 1 5 0 .0 0 $ 1 5 5 .0 0 $1 6 0 .0 0 UN DE R UN DE R UN DE R UN DE R UNDER UN DE R UN DE R UN DE R UNDER UNDER UNDER UN DE R UN DE R $1 0 5 .0 0 $110*00 $1 1 5 .0 0 $1 2 0 .0 0 $ 1 2 5 .0 0 $ 1 3 0 .0 3 $13 5 .0 0 $14 0 .0 0 $14 5 .0 0 $15 0 .0 0 $ 1 5 5 .0 0 $16 0 .0 0 $16 5 .0 0 A ll s c h e d u le s A ll s c h e d u le s A ll s c h e d u le s 40 37*/2 XXX 39 XXX XXX 40 60 21 7 3 27 10 9 17 9 5 _ - - 1 1 5 - - _ _ - - 1 1 3 3 - - - 10 7 _ • - - - 1 1 - — — -------— — — ----------------— — — ---------------------- -------------------------— ----------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- E S T A B L I S H M E N T S W H I CH D I D NOT E M P L O Y W ORKERS I N T H I S C A T E G O R Y --------------------- - - * 1 1 6 . - - - 1 — 6 * E S T A B L I S H M E N T S H A V I N G NO S P E C I F I E D M I N I M U M ----------------------------— ---------— ------------- h - 2 - 2 1 1 - 1 - - * * * • * * 1 1 - - 6 1 1 1 - 2 - - 1 6 1 6 1 2 1 1 1 * 6 1 6 * * 1 1 * 1 3 1 1 • 1 1 * 6 1 - 1 1 “ 3 2 XXX 1 13 6 XXX 7 XXX XXX 7 12 XXX 35 20 5 XXX 15 XXX XXX S e e fo o tn o te s a t end o f t a b le s . B a s e d on s ta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 7 o f— A ll in d u s tr ie s 39 XXX S 8 7 . 5 0 ----------- ------------------- ------ANO UN DE R $ 9 0 . 0 0 ------------------AN D UN DE R $ 9 2 . 5 0 ----------- ------AND UN DE R $ 9 5 . 0 0 ------- ----------AND UN DE R $ 9 7 . 5 0 ------------------AN D UNDER $ 1 0 0 . 0 0 ------------------AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g M a n u fa c tu rin g s p e c if ie d M INIMUM UN DE R $ 8 7 .5 0 $ 9 0 .0 0 $ 9 2 .5 0 $ 9 5 .0 0 $ 9 7 .5 0 40 21 60 O th e r in e x p e r ie n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s 6 Nonm a nuf a c tu r in g M a n u fa c tu rin g 8 Late s h ift pay provisions for fu ll-tim e m a n u factu rin g plant w o rke rs in S a g in a w , M ic h ., N ovem ber 1976 ( A l l f u l l - t i m e m a n u fa c tu r in g p la nt w o r k e r s = 100 p e r c e n t ) W o r k e r s on la t e s h ifts A ll w o rk ers 8 T h ir d s h ift S eco n d s h ift 9 9 .3 9 5 .6 2 8 .8 9 9 .3 1 3.1 9 5 .6 9 .A 8 2 .9 3 .2 rvj 18.6 9 .9 1 8 .1 5 .0 S eco n d s h ift PE R C E N T IN e st a b l is h m e n t s w it h OF la t e SH IFT P R O V ISIO N S ---------- UNIFO RM UNIFO RM PAY 86.2 - CO W I T H NO P A Y D I F F E R E N T I A L F O R L A T E S H I F T WORK ---------W I T H P A Y D I F F E R E N T I A L F OR L A T E S H I F T WORK ----------------U N I F O R M C E N T S - P E R - H O U R D I F F E R E N T I A L -------------------------U N I F O R M P E R C E N T A G E D I F F E R E N T I A L ---------------------------------OT H ER D I F F E R E N T I A L --------------------------------------------------------------AVERAGE T h ir d s h ift WORKERS 1 00 • Table B -2 . 1.9 2 6 .9 - 1 2 .9 12.9 .5 11.8 .5 D IFFE R E N TIA L C E N T S - P E R - H O U R D I F F E R E N T I A L -----------------------------P E R C E N T A G E D I F F E R E N T I A L --------------------------------------- 1 9 .2 5 .0 1 3 .6 10.0 P E R C E N T OF WORKERS BY T Y P E AND AMOUNT OF P A Y D I F F E R E N T I A L UNIFO RM C E N T S -P E R -H O U R S 7 C E N T S --------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 C E N T S -----------------------------------------------------------------------------15 CENTS 2 0 C E N T S -----------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1 C E N T S -------------------------------- — ----------------------------------------2 3 C E N T S -----------------------------------------------------------------------------2 5 C E N T S -----------------------------------------------------------------------------3 0 C E N T S -----------------------------------------------------------------------------UNIFO RM P E R C E N T A G E ! 5 P E R C E N T ---------------------------------------------------------------------------7 PERCENT — — — —— — — — — — — — — — 10 PERCENT 1.1 1.6 1 .9 2.8 2.6 .7 2. A 86.2 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------- - .2 - 1.1 2.8 .A .3 .A .A . - .A • (9 ) .3 - - 2.6 2.0 •8 - .A 1.6 8 1 .0 S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s . 9 2 6 .9 - .2 (9 ) (9 ) 11.8 Table B -3 . Scheduled w e e k ly hours and days of fu ll-tim e firs t-s h ift w o rkers in S a g in a w , M ic h ., N ovem ber 1976 P la n t w o r k e r s Ite m P E R C E N T OF WO RK ER S BY W E E K L Y H OUR S AND a ll 30 32 35 36 37 38 40 42 44 45 46 47 52 55 f u l l - t im e A l l in du stries O ffic e w o r k e r s M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing P u b lic u tilitie s 100 100 100 A ll in du stries M anufacturing Nonm anufacturing P u b lic u tilitie s S CH E D U L E D DAY S workers ----------------------- H O U R S - 6 D A Y S ------------------------------------------1 / 2 H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ------- -------------------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S -------- -------- -------------------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S -------- -------1 / 2 H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ---------- --------------- -------1 / 2 H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ---------- -----------------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S --------------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ------------------------------------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S -------- ----------------- ----------------H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ----------------- ------ — --------------H O U R S - 5 1 / 2 D A Y S ---------------------------------H O U R S - 5 O A Y S ------------------------------------------H O U R S - 6 D A Y S ------------ — — — — — — — — — H O U R S - 6 O A Y S ------- — — 100 (1 0 ) 1 - 1 - 1 (1 0 ) 92 95 2 (1 0 ) - 3 100 1 - . 4 9 - - - 25 6 - 99 73 (1 0 ) - 1 1 3 1 2 (1 0 ) - 6 9 91 - - 1 1 - (1 0 ) - * - - 2 * * 4 0 .2 3 9 .6 4 0 .0 3 9 .1 (1 0 ) (1 0 ) - - 65 1 1 lo o - 100 100 • * - - 2 4 43 13 38 - 65 35 — • - A V E R A G E S CH E D U L E D W E E K L Y HOURS ALL WEEKLY WORK SCHEDULES --------------------- 4 0 .1 See footnote at end o f t a b le s . 10 3 9 .8 3 8 .5 , 3 8 .4 T a b le B -4 . A nnual paid holidays for fu ll-tim e w o rkers in S a g in a w , M ic h ., N o vem b er 1976 O ffic e w o r k e r s P la n t w o r k e r s Item A ll in d u strie s PE R C E N T IN N o n m an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s A ll in d u strie s M an u fa c tu rin g N on m an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s 100 100 100 100 100 100 (1 0 ) WO RKERS ----------------------- 100 100 E S T A B L I S H M E N T S N OT P R O V I D I N G P A I D H O L I D A Y S ------------------------------------------ESTAB LISHM E N TS P R O V ID IN G P A I D H O L I D A Y S ------------------------------------------- 2 - 16 - • 1 * 98 100 84 100 99 100 99 100 1 2 .8 1 3 .5 8 *3 1 0 .5 1 1 .3 1 3 .0 9 .5 1 0 .6 (1 0 ) 1 19 2 2 - - ALL IN OF M an u fa c tu rin g F U LL-T IM E AVERAGE NUMBER F OR WORKERS PR O VID ING WO RKERS OF PA ID H O LID AYS IN ESTAB LISHM E N TS H O L I D A Y S ------ -------- -------- -------- P E R C E N T OF WORKERS BY NUMBER OF P A I D H O L I D A Y S P R O V I D E D 3 H O L I D A Y S -----------------------------------------------------6 H O L I D A Y S ----------------- ----------------- ------------------P L U S 1 H A L F D AY ------------------------------------P L U S 2 H A L F O A Y S ---------- ---------- ------ ------ - 7 2 1 2 HOLID AYS — — — — — — — ------- P L U S 3 H A L F D A Y S ---------------------------------8 HOLIDAYS — — — — — — — — — — P L U S 1 H A L F D ^ Y ----------------P L U S 2 H A L F D A Y S ---------------9 H O LID AYS *— -— —— — — — ------10 h o l i d a y s — — — — — — — — — — P L U S 2 H A L F D A Y S ---- — ---— ---11 H O L I D A Y S — — — — — — — — — --12 H O L I D A Y S ---- — ---------------13 H O L I D A Y S ----- — ---------------P L U S 1 H A L F D AY ------------------------------------1A H O L I D A Y S — — — — — — — — — 15 H O L I D A Y S ------------ — -------------------------------P E R C E N T OF WORKERS P A I D H O LID AY TIM E 3 1 - - - 4 5 3 - - 2 2 2 8 3 6 . . 2 ■- 12 4 11 - - 14 16 67 - 7 31 - - 70 83 - - - - - - (1 0 ) 10 (1 0 ) (1 0 ) 3 3 (1 0 ) 2 (1 0 ) 3 27 1 4 10 3 (1 0 ) 1 32 - 11 * (1 0 ) • • • • • (1 0 ) 10 1 * 6 6 i - 2 * * * * * * * i 4 (1 0 ) 3 54 3 7 6 * * • 14 33 * * * * 3 6 • i 61 1 * * 65 • * BY T O T A L P R O V I D E D 11 6 6 D A Y S OR M O R E --------------------------- -------- -------1 / 2 O A Y S OR MORE — -------------------------------7 D A Y S OR M O R E ------— --------------------------— — 8 D A Y S OR M O R E ------------'------------- ------------------8 1 / 2 D A Y S OR MORE — ------ — — — — — 9 D A Y S OH M O R E --------------------------------------------10 O A Y S OR M O R E ------------------- — ------------------1 1 D A Y S OR M O R E ----------------- --— — — — 1 2 D A Y S OR M O R E ---------------------------------- -------1 3 D A Y S OR M O R E ------— ------ -------- -------- -------1 3 1 / 2 D A Y S OR MORE — — — — — — 14 D A Y S OR MORE ------------------------------------------15 DAY S 100 84 100 66 98 64 92 99 99 99 90 90 99 99 41 37 86 97 94 23 7 7 98 98 98 98 98 98 95 94 81 79 92 77 90 70 70 83 83 52 - 86 85 81 78 31 31 - 51 - 32 46 36 33 32 See footn otes at end o f ta b les. 99 89 89 1 11 100 89 89 89 89 89 86 85 75 69 63 63 61 99 100 89 89 98 90 82 82 98 73 98 98 69 98 15 33 33 15 1 * 1 * * T ab le B -5 . Paid vacation provisions for fu ll-tim e w orkers in S a g in a w , M ic h ., N ovem ber 1976 P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s Item A U in d u strie s PERCENT ALL OE FU LL-T IM E M an u fa c tu rin g N o n m an u factu rin g 100 P u b lic u tilitie s A ll in d u stries M an u fa c tu rin g N o n m an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s lo o 100 lo o 100 100 (1 0 ) - (1 0 ) • lo o lo o - WORKERS WORKERS ----------------------- 100 100 E S T A B L I S H M E N T S NOT P R O V I D I N G P A I O V A C A T I O N S ----------------------------------------IN ESTAB LISH M E N TS P R O V ID IN G P A I O V A C A T I O N S ----------------------------------------L E N G T H - O F - T I M E P A Y M E N T --------------------P E R C E N T A G E P A Y M E N T ----------------------- ------ 1 - 6 - 99 9A 5 100 100 9A 9A 9A 100 99 99 6 * “ * A 7A 6 32 - 67 - 3 57 <10> A 81 (1 0 ) * * * * 1A 53 31 69 - (1 0 ) 77 IN AMOUNT 6 OF P A IO VACATION 3 MONTHS OF S E R V I C E S UNOER 1 WEEK --------------------------------------1 W E E K --------------------- -----------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS -----------2 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------- Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E : 1 WEEK — — — — — — — — — O VER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS -----------2 W E E K S -------------------------------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS -----------3 WEEKS — -----------------— — ------ -----Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E : 1 WEEK ---------------------------------------------------- A 1 1 2 75 3 82 3 37 (1 0 ) (1 0 ) 60 A (1 0 ) 9 A 83 A (1 0 ) 12 3 1 1 * - O VER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS -----------3 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------- (1 0 ) Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E : 1 WEEK ---------------------------------------------------O VER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS -----------2 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------O VER 2 AND UN DE R 3 WEEKS ----------3 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------OVER 3 ANO UNDER A WEEKS -----------A WEEKS 3 1 2 3 21 73 (1 0 ) 1 10 86 (1 0 ) - 1 1 20 12 10 1 - * * 10 - 8A 100 1 - * • 3 2 2 3 82 17 - 3 3 - 6 lo o - 66 72 (1 0 ) - * A - 5 - 31 (10> 67 66 18 (1 0 ) 5 A - 100 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E : 1 WEEK ---------------------------------------------------- 6 2 90 (1 0 ) 5 - 85 11 99 - 8A (1 0 ) • 65 (1 0 ) - 8 72 6 37 32 • 61 5 1 1 * 3 A (1 0 ) 12 86 - 1 9 - 2 89 9 - 7 — 92 1 * 3A - - 1 99 - 1 1 1 2 - - 60 32 7 28 61 9 93 1 99 - 5 - « 1 2 (1 0 ) - - 60 32 7 28 9A 100 (1 0 ) (1 0 ) (1 0 ) 5A 1 AO - 5 (1 0 ) S e e fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le s . - 100 76 15 * 20 UNDER — — OV ER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS -----------2 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------O VER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS -----------3 W E E K S ------------------------------------------- -----5 20 2 WEEKS -----------— — — — — O VER 1 AND 2 WEEKS — 100 - A F T E R : 12 1 Y E A R OF S E R V I C E : 1 WEEK ---------------------------------------------------O VE R 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS -----------2 WEEKS -------------------------------------------------O VER 2 AND UNOER 3 WEEKS -----------3 WEEKS — — — — — — — — — — 2 99 99 61 9 • 25 - 1 - 5 - (1 0 ) (1 0 ) 85 100 2 66 12 9 - - Table B -5 . Paid vacation provisions for fu ll-tim e w o rkers in S a g in a w , M ic h ., N ovem ber 1 9 7 6 — C ontinu ed P la n t w o r k e r s Item A ll in d u strie s M a n u fa c tu rin g O ffic e w o r k e r s N o n m an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s A ll in d u strie s M an u fa c tu rin g N on m an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s A M O U N T OF P A I D V A C A T I O N A F T E R 12CONTINUtD 10 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E : 1 WEEK — — — — — — — — — 2 W E E K S ----------- — --------------O V E R 2 AND U N O E R 3 W E E K S ------3 W E E K S ----------------------------O V E R 3 AND U N D E R A W E E K S ------A W E E K S ----------------------------- 5 17 71 1 12 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E ! 1 WE E K -----------------------------2 WEEKS — — — — — — O V E R 2 AND U N D E R 3 W E E K S ------3 W E E K S ----------------------------O V E R 3 AND U N D E R A W E E K S ------A W E E K S ----------------------------- 1 3 3 19 72 1 15 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E : 1 W E E K -----------------------------2 W E E K S ----------------------------O V E R 2 AN D U N D E R 3 W E E K S ------3 W E E K S ----------------------------O V E R 3 AN D U N O E R A W E E K S ------A W E E K S ----------------------------O V E R A AN D U N O E R 5 W E E K S ------5 W E E K S ----------------------------- 1 2 10 3 80 3 1 20 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E ! 1 WE E K -----------------------------2 W E E K S ----------- ----------------O V E R 2 AND U N D E R 3 W E E K S --- — 3 W E E K S ----------------------------O V E R 3 AND U N D E R A W E E K S ------A W E E K S ---------------------------S W E E K S ---- -----------------------O V E R 5 AN D U N D E R 6 W E E K S — — 6 W E E K S ----------------------------25 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E ! 1 W E E K -----------------------------2 W E E K S ---------------------------------------------------- -- ----------O V E R 2 ANO U N D E R 3 W E E K S ----------------3 W E E K S ------------------------------------------------------------------O V E R 3 ANO U N D E R A W E E K S ----------------A W E E K S ------------------------------------------------------------------O V E R A AN D U N D E R 5 W E E K S ----------------5 W E E K S ------------------------------------------------------------------O V E R 5 AND U N D E R 6 W E E K S ----------------6 W E E K S ------------------------------------------------------------------7 W E E K S ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - A 2 6 7 8A 1 - 1 3 10 85 1 - 1 7 3 8A 3 1 1 1 4 2 17 70 3 (10) 1 1 3 10 81 3 1 9 1 81 3 (10) A • 86 10 . 9 A 7 19 61 9 * 2 98 * (10) (10) (10) 28 (10) 71 1 1 17 82 (10) (10) (10) A0 1 58 . 1 * (10) (10) 6 13 72 3 (lo) 99 * (10) A A 51 32 6 3 26 1 57 2 6 17 9 - 2 98 - * 7 3 55 3A - (10) 1 - 5 5 27 61 (10) 6 * * (10) (10) - - - • • 1A 3 2A 2 - (10) - 98 A8 - * - 1 S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le s . - 99 - 1 1 1 6 1 86 3 - (10) - 85 10 (10) A A 51 32 - 1 1 3 1 (10) A (10) 99 * 60 11 * 13 - A 7 19 61 9 6 13 72 3 7 (10) 26 (10) 66 1 5 - 21 - 73 (10) • 10 85 1 100 . • 2 98 • 2 98 5 _ - - (10) • 9 (10) 31 1 58 2 98 - - • . (10) (10) • • T able B -5 . Paid vacation provisions fo r fu ll-tim e w o rkers in S a g in a w , M ic h ., N ovem ber 1 9 7 6 — C ontinu ed O ffic e w o r k e r s P la n t w o r k e r s Item A ll in d u strie s M a n u fa c tu rin g N o n m an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s A ll in d u strie s M a n u fa c tu rin g N o n m an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s A M O U N T O F PA 10 V A C A T I O N A F T E R 12CONTINUED 30 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E : (10) 9 u lF F K ° * *" * L 3 1 (10) 21 31 73 59 1 i 86 Kl l ''j u lF L F K '* W i (10) m 2 98 " 7 WEEK** maximum vacation available : (10) 1 l uprui. WC.C.K J 5 f i L L i 'J <io> L 1 2 31 -> LJ i S e e fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le s . 9 14 66 73 (10) (10) (10) 58 1 98 Table B -6 . H e a lth , insurance, and pension plans for fu ll-tim e w o rke rs in S a g in a w , M ic h ., N o vem b er 1976 P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s Item A ll in d u strie s M a n u fa c tu rin g N o n m an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s A l l in d u strie s M an u fa c tu rin g N o n m an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s P E RC EN T OF WORK ER S ALL F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S ---- ----- --- 100 100 100 100 100 loo 100 100 IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S P R O V I D I N G AT L E A S T O N E OF T H E B E N E F I T S S H O W N B E L O W 13---------------------------- 99 100 90 100 99 100 99 100 loo 100 98 93 99 97 95 88 100 100 L I F E I N S U R A N C E ----------------- --- ---N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S — --- --- ----- 97 94 100 99 79 70 A C C I D E N T A L D E A T H AN D D I S M E M B E R M E N T I N S U R A N C E ------ --- --N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S --------------- 93 91 99 99 59 47 69 67 86 79 99 97 71 59 67 66 SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE OR S I C K L E A V E OR B O T H 14------ — ---- 98 100 86 100 98 98 97 100 91 90 99 99 44 39 (10) 55 52 82 82 26 20 1 1 22 33 75 94 55 35 5 1 31 67 20 3 38 65 LONG-TERM DISABILITY I N S U R A N C E -----------------------------— N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S ---- ---------- 72 70 83 82 14 2 (10) 53 49 79 76 26 19 1 1 H O S P I T A L I Z A T I O N I N S U R A N C E -----------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S --------------- 99 94 100 99 90 68 100 98 99 89 100 95 99 83 100 99 S U R G I C A L I N S U R A N C E --------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S ---- --- ------ 99 94 100 99 90 68 100 98 99 89 100 95 99 83 100 99 M E D I C A L I N S U R A N C E --- ------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S ------- --- --- 98 94 100 99 87 68 100 98 99 89 100 95 99 83 100 99 ----------- — --------------- 23 18 15 14 6b 43 100 98 93 51 97 31 88 72 100 99 D E N T A L I N S U R A N C E -----------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S ---- ---------- 82 81 91 91 32 26 98 98 66 62 81 81 51 43 98 98 94 93 99 99 68 62 98 98 92 89 91 91 94 88 99 99 S I C K N E S S AN D A C C I D E N T insurance — — — — — — — — — -----------S I C K L E A V E (FULL PA Y A N D N O W A I T I N G P E R I O D ) --------------------SI C K L E A V E ( P A R T I A L PA Y OR W A I T I N G P E R I O D ) --------------------noncontributory plans major medical insurance noncontributory plans p e n s i o n --------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S ------ -------- retirement S e e fo o tn o te s 3 do) do) at end o f t a b le s . 15 Footnotes A l l o f th e s e sta n da rd fo o tn o te s m a y not apply to this b u ll e tin . 1 Standard hours r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r which e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p ay f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r and/or p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th ese w e e k l y h o u rs. 2 T h e m e a n is c om pute d f o r eac h j o b by to talin g the e a r n in g s o f all w o r k e r s and d i v i d i n g by the nu m b er o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d i a n d e s i g n a te s p o s itio n — h a lf o f the w o r k e r s r e c e i v e m o r e and h a l f r e c e i v e l e s s than the r a t e shown. T h e m i d d l e r a n g e is d e fin e d by tw o r a t e s o f pay: a fourth o f the w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s than the l o w e r o f th es e r a t e s and a fou rth e a r n m o r e than the h ig h e r r a t e . 3 E a r n i n g s data r e l a t e o n ly to w o r k e r s w h o s e s e x id e n ti f i c a ti o n was p r o v i d e d b y the e s ta b l i s h m e n t. 4 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . 5 F o r m a l l y established m in im u m reg u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e h iring s a la r ie s that a r e paid f o r s ta n dard w o r k w e e k s . 6 E x c lu d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l jo b s such as m e s s e n g e r . 7 D ata a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r all standa rd w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n stan da rd w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d . 8 Includes all pla nt w o r k e r s in e s ta b l i s h m e n ts c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e s h ifts , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h o s e f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r l a te s hifts , e v e n though the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e not c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e s h ifts . 16 9 L e s s than 0.05 p e r c e n t . 10 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t . 11 A l l c o m b in a tio n s o f f u ll and h a l f d ays that add to the s a m e amount a r e c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a to tal o f 10 days in cludes th ose with 10 fu ll d ays and no h a l f d ay s, 9 f u ll days and 2 h a lf d a y s , 8 f u ll days and 4 h a lf d a y s, and so on. P r o p o r t i o n s then w e r e cum ula te d. 12 Inclu d es p ay m e n t s o t h e r than " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " such as p e r c e n t a g e o f annual e a r n in g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , c o n v e r t e d to an e q u iv a le n t ti m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d as 1 w e e k ' s pay . P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e a r e ch o se n a r b i t r a r i l y and do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t in d iv id u al p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n ; f o r e x a m p l e , changes in p r o p o r t i o n s at 10 y e a r s include changes b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s t i m a t e s a r e cum u lative. Thus, the p r o p o r t i o n e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' pay a f t e r 10 y e a r s in c lu d e s th ose e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' p ay a f t e r f e w e r y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . 13 E s t i m a t e s l i s t e d a f te r ty pe o f b e n e f i t a r e f o r all plans f o r wh ich at l e a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p l o y e r . "N on contrib utory p l a n s " inclu de o n ly th ose fin a n c e d e n t i r e l y b y the e m p l o y e r . E x c lu d e d a r e l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d plans, such as w o r k e r s d i s a b i l i t y c om p en s ation , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t . 14 U n du pli c ated to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ran ce shown s e p a r a t e l y b e l o w . S ic k l e a v e plans a r e l i m i t e d to th ose w h ic h d e f i n i t e l y e s ta b l i s h at l e a s t the m i n i m u m number o f d a y s ' pay that each e m p l o y e e can e x p e c t. I n f o r m a l s i c k l e a v e allo w a n c e s d e t e r m i n e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s i s a r e e x clud ed . Appendix A a ll in d u s tr ie s c om b in ed . E a rn in g s data f o r s o m e o f the o ccu p atio n s lis te d and d e s c r ib e d , o r f o r s o m e in d u s try d iv is io n s w ith in the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y , a re not p r e s e n te d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b le s , b e c a u s e e ith e r (1 ) e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n is to o s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it p re s e n ta tio n , o r (2 ) th e r e is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t data. S e p a ra te m e n 's and w o m e n 's e a rn in g s data a r e not p r e s e n te d when the n u m b er o f w o r k e r s not id e n tifie d b y s e x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f the m en o r w o m en id e n t ifie d in an occu p a tio n . E a rn in g s data not shown s e p a r a t e ly f o r in d u s try d iv is io n s a r e in c lu d e d in data f o r a ll in d u s tr ie s com b in ed . L ik e w is e , data a r e in c lu d e d in th e o v e r a l l c la s s ific a t io n w hen a s u b c la s s ific a tio n o f e l e c t r o n ic s te c h n ic ia n s , s e c r e t a r i e s , o r t r u c k d r iv e r s is not shown o r in fo rm a tio n to s u b c la s s ify is not a v a ila b le . A r e a w a g e and r e la te d b e n e fits data a re ob ta in ed b y p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u rea u f i e l d r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s at 3 - y e a r in t e r v a ls . 1 In e a c h o f the in t e r v e n in g y e a r s , in fo r m a tio n on e m p lo y m e n t and o c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s is c o lle c te d b y a c o m b in a tio n o f p e r s o n a l v is it , m a il q u e s tio n n a ire , and te le p h o n e i n t e r v ie w f r o m e s ta b lis h m e n ts p a r tic ip a tin g in th e p r e v io u s s u r v e y . In ea c h o f th e 8 4 1 2 a re a s c u r r e n tly s u r v e y e d , data a r e o b ta in ed fr o m r e p r e s e n ta tiv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s ix b ro a d in d u s try d iv is io n s : M a n u fa ctu rin g ; tr a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u ra n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s try g rou p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e stu d ies a r e g o v e rn m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tru c tio n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts h a vin g f e w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a re o m itte d b e ca u s e o f in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e o ccu p atio n s stu d ied . S e p a ra te ta b u la tion s a re p r o v id e d f o r ea c h o f the b ro a d in d u s try d iv is io n s w h ich m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r it e r ia . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a rn in g s data a r e shown f o r fu ll- t im e w o r k e r s , i . e , , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly sch ed u le. E a rn in g s data e x c lu d e p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o rk on w e e k en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . N o n p ro d u c tio n bon u ses a r e e x c lu d e d , but c o s t - o f- liv in g a llo w a n c e s and in c e n tiv e b on u ses a r e in c lu d e d . W e e k ly hou rs f o r o ffic e c l e r i c a l and p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l occ u p a tio n s r e f e r to the stan d a rd w o rk w e e k (rou n d ed to th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r ) f o r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f p ay f o r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r and/or p r e m iu m r a t e s ). A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a rn in g s f o r th e s e occu p atio n s a r e rounded to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . T h e s e s u r v e y s a re con du cted on a s a m p le b a s is . T h e sa m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s in v o lv e d e ta ile d s t r a tific a tio n o f a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in the s c o p e o f an in d iv id u a l a r e a s u r v e y by in d u s try and n u m b er o f e m p lo y e e s . F r o m th is s t r a t ifie d u n iv e r s e a p r o b a b ility s a m p le is s e le c t e d , w ith each e s ta b lis h m e n t h a vin g a p r e d e te r m in e d chance o f s e le c tio n . T o o b ta in op tim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g r e a t e r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than s m a ll e s ta b lis h m en ts is s e le c te d . W hen data a r e c o m b in e d , e a c h e s ta b lis h m e n t is w e ig h te d a c c o r d in g to its p r o b a b ility o f s e le c tio n , so that u n biased e s tim a te s a re g e n e ra te d . F o r e x a m p le , i f one out o f fo u r e s ta b lis h m e n ts is s e le c te d , it is g iv e n a w e ig h t o f fo u r to r e p r e s e n t i t s e l f plus th r e e o th e rs . A n a lte r n a te o f th e s a m e o r ig in a l p r o b a b ility is chosen in the s a m e in d u s t r y - s iz e c l a s s i f i c a tio n i f data a r e not a v a ila b le f r o m the o r ig in a l s a m p le m e m b e r . I f no s u ita b le su b stitu te is a v a ila b le , a d d itio n a l w e ig h t is a s s ig n e d to a s a m p le m e m b e r that is s i m ila r to th e m is s in g unit. T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the l e v e l o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a rn in g s in .an a r e a at a p a r t ic u la r t im e . C o m p a ris o n s o f in d iv id u a l oc c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r tim e m a y not r e f le c t e x p e c te d w a g e ch an ges. T h e a v e r a g e s f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s a r e a ffe c t e d b y changes in w a g e s and e m p lo y m e n t p a tte rn s . F o r e x a m p le , p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y h ig h - o r lo w - w a g e fir m s m a y chan ge, o r h ig h -w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d van ce to b e t t e r jo b s and be r e p la c e d b y n ew w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a te s . Such s h ifts in e m p lo y m e n t could d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e e v e n though m o s t e s ta b lis h m e n ts in an a r e a in c r e a s e w a g e s d u rin g th e y e a r . C han ges in e a rn in g s o f o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s , shown in ta b le A - 7, a r e b e t t e r in d ic a to r s o f w a g e tr e n d s than a r e e a rn in g s chan ges fo r in d iv id u a l jo b s w ith in th e g ro u p s. O ccu p ation s and e a rn in g s O ccu p a tion s s e le c te d f o r study a r e c om m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m an u fa c tu r in g and n o n m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s , and a r e o f th e fo llo w in g ty p e s : (1 ) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; (2 ) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (3 ) m a in te n a n c e , to o lr o o m , and p o w e r p la n t; and (4 ) m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u s to d ia l. O c c u p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo rm set o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to ta k e accou n t o f in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in du ties w ith in th e s a m e jo b . O ccu p a tion s s e le c te d f o r study a re lis t e d and d e s c r ib e d in ap p en d ix B . U n le s s o t h e r w is e in d ic a te d , the e a rn in g s data fo llo w in g the jo b t it le s a r e f o r A v e r a g e e a rn in g s r e f l e c t c o m p o s ite , a r e a w id e e s tim a te s . In d u s trie s and e s ta b lis h m e n ts d if f e r in p ay l e v e l and jo b s ta ffin g , and thus co n trib u te d iffe r e n t ly to th e e s tim a te s f o r ea c h jo b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f le c t a c c u r a te ly th e w a g e d iffe r e n t ia l am ong jo b s in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts . A v e r a g e p a y le v e ls f o r m en and w o m en in s e le c te d occu p atio n s should not be a s s u m ed to r e f l e c t d iffe r e n c e s in p ay o f the s e x e s w ith in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts . F a c t o r s w h ich m a y c on trib u te to d iffe r e n c e s in c lu d e p r o g r e s s io n w ith in e s ta b lis h e d ra te ra n g es (on ly the ra te s p aid in cu m b en ts a r e c o lle c t e d ) and p e r fo r m a n c e o f s p e c ific d u ties w ith in the g e n e r a l s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n s . Job d e s c r ip tio n s used to c la s s ify e m p lo y e e s in th e s e s u r v e y s u s u a lly a r e m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th o s e u sed in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts and a llo w f o r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong e s ta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c ific d u ties p e r fo r m e d . 1 Personal visits were on a 2-year c y cle before July 1972. 2 Included in the 84 areas are 14 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Austin, T e x .; Binghamton, N . Y . —P a .; Birmingham, A la .; Fort Lauderdale—H ollyw ood and West Palm Beach—Boca Raton, F la .; Lexington—Fayette, K y.; Melbourne—T itu sville—Cocoa, Fla.; N orfolk—Virginia Beach—_ Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, V a . —N. C. ; Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N . Y . ; Raleigh Durham, N. C .; Stamford, Conn.; Syracuse, N. Y . ; U tica—Rome, N . Y . ; and Westchester County, N . Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more lim ited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request o f the Employment Standards Administration o f the U. S. Department o f Labor. 17 O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in th e s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m b er a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o c c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e s am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts d if fe r , e s tim a te s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ta in ed f r o m th e s a m p le o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te the r e la t iv e im p o rta n c e o f th e jo b s stu d ied . These d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s tru c tu re do not a ffe c t m a t e r ia lly the a c c u r a c y o f th e e a rn in g s data. P e r c e n t changes fo r in d iv id u a l a r e a s in th e p r o g r a m as fo llo w s : com puted 1. E a ch o c c u p a tio n is a s s ig n e d a w e ig h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r tio n a te e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n a l grou p in the base y e a r. 2. T h e s e w e ig h ts a r e used to com pute g ro u p a v e r a g e s . E a c h o c c u p a tio n 's a v e r a g e (m e a n ) e a rn in g s is m u ltip lie d b y its w e ig h t. T h e p ro d u cts a r e to ta le d to obtain a group a vera ge. 3. T h e r a tio o f grou p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u tiv e y e a r s is com p u ted b y d iv id in g th e a v e r a g e f o r th e c u rre n t y e a r b y th e a v e r a g e f o r the e a r l i e r y e a r . T h e re s u lt— e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t— le s s 100 is th e p e rc e n t change. W a g e tr e n d s fo r s e le c te d o c c u p a tio n a l grou p s T h e p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s p r e s e n te d in ta b le A - 7 a r e b a s e d on changes in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a rn in g s f o r e s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r tin g the tr e n d jo b s in both th e c u rre n t and p re v io u s y e a r (m a tc h e d e s ta b lis h m e n ts ). T h e data a re a d ju sted to r e m o v e the e ffe c t on a v e r a g e e a rn in g s o f e m p lo y m e n t sh ifts am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts and tu r n o v e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts in clu d ed in s u r v e y s a m p le s . T h e p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a r e s t ill a ffe c te d b y fa c to r s o th e r than w a g e in c r e a s e s . H ir in g s , la y o ffs , and tu r n o v e r m a y a ffe c t an e s ta b lis h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an occ u p a tio n w hen w o r k e r s a re p aid under plans p r o v id in g a ra n g e o f w a g e r a te s f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s . In p e rio d s o f in c r e a s e d h ir in g , f o r e x a m p le , n ew e m p lo y e e s e n te r at th e b o tto m o f the ra n g e , d e p r e s s in g th e a v e r a g e w ith ou t a change in w a g e r a te s . a re F o r a m o r e d e ta ile d d e s c r ip tio n o f th e m eth od used to com pute th e s e w a g e tr e n d s , s e e "Im p r o v in g A r e a W a g e S u rv e y I n d e x e s ," M on th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , J an u ary 1973, pp. 52 -57 . E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s T h e p e rc e n t chan ges r e la te to w a g e chan ges b e tw e e n the in d ic a te d d a te s . W hen th e tim e span b e tw e e n s u r v e y s is o th e r than 12 m on th s, that w a g e s in c r e a s e at a constant annual ra te s a r e shown. (It is assu m e ra te b e tw e e n s u r v e y s .) T h e in c id e n c e o f s e le c te d e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p lem e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s is stu d ied f o r plan t w o r k e r s and o f f ic e w o r k e r s . P la n t w o r k e r s in c lu d e n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s and w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s en g a g ed in n o n o ffic e fu n c tio n s . (C a f e t e r ia w o r k e r s and rou te w o r k e r s a r e ex c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s tr ie s , but in c lu d e d in n o n m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s .) O ffic e w o r k e r s in c lu d e n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s and w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s p e r fo r m in g c le r i c a l o r r e la te d fu n c tio n s . L e a d w o r k e r s and tr a in e e s a re in c lu d e d am ong n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s . A d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s and c o n s tru c tio n w o r k e r s u tiliz e d as s e p a ra te w o rk fo r c e s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m both th e plant and o f f ic e w o r k e r c a t e g o r ie s . O ccu p ation s u sed to com pute w a g e tre n d s a r e : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l (m e n and w o m e n ): E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g (m en and w o m e n )— C ontinued S e c r e t a r ie s S t e n o g ra p h e rs , g e n e r a l S t e n o g ra p h e rs , s e n io r T y p is t s , c la s s e s A and B F i l e c le r k s , c la s s e s A , B , and C M ess e n g e rs O r d e r c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B A c c o u n tin g c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B P a y r o l l c le r k s K eyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s , c la s s e s A and B T a b u la tin g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B C o m p u te r p r o g r a m m e r s , c la s s e s A , B , and C C o m p u te r o p e r a t o r s , c la s s e s A , B , and C E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g (m en and w o m e n ): C o m p u te r s y s te m s a n a ly s ts , c la s s e s A , B , and C M in im u m e n tra n c e s a la r ie s (ta b le B - l ) . M in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r ie s f o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s r e la t e o n ly to the e s ta b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . B e c a u s e o f the o p tim u m s a m p lin g te c h n iq u e s used and th e p r o b a b ility that la r g e e s ta b lis h m en ts a r e m o r e lik e ly than s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts to have fo r m a l en tra n ce r a te s ab ove the s u b c le r ic a l l e v e l , the ta b le is m o r e r e p r e s e n ta tiv e o f p o lic ie s in m e d iu m and la r g e e s ta b lis h m e n ts . In d u s tr ia l n u rs e s (m en and w o m e n ): R e g is t e r e d in d u s tr ia l n u rs e s S h ift d iffe r e n t ia ls — m a n u fa c tu rin g (ta b le B - 2 ) . D ata w e r e c o lle c te d on p o lic ie s o f m a n u fa c tu rin g e s ta b lis h m e n ts r e g a r d in g pay d iffe r e n tia ls fo r plant w o r k e r s on la te s h ifts . E s ta b lis h m e n ts c o n s id e r e d as having p o lic ie s a r e th o s e w h ich (1 ) h a ve p r o v is io n s in w r itin g c o v e r in g the o p e r a tio n o f late s h ifts , o r (2 ) h a ve o p e r a te d la te s h ifts at any tim e d uring the 12 m onths p r e c e d in g a s u r v e y . W h en e s ta b lis h m e n ts h a ve s e v e r a l d iffe r e n tia ls w h ich v a r y b y jo b , the d if fe r e n t ia l a p p lyin g to th e m a jo r it y o f the plant w o r k e r s is r e c o r d e d . W hen e s ta b lis h m e n ts have d if fe r e n t ia ls w h ich apply on ly to c e rta in h ou rs o f w o r k , th e d iffe r e n t ia l ap p lyin g to the m a jo r it y o f the sh ift hours is reco rd ed . S k ille d m a in te n a n c e (m en and w o m e n ): C a rp e n te r s E le c t r ic ia n s P a in t e r s M a c h in is ts M e c h a n ic s (m a c h in e r y ) M e c h a n ic s (m o to r v e h ic le ) P ip e f it t e r s T o o l and die m a k e r s F o r p u rp o s e s o f th is study, a la te s h ift is e ith e r a secon d (e v e n in g ) s h ift w h ich ends at o r n e a r m id n igh t o r a th ir d (n ig h t) s h ift w h ich s ta r ts at o r n e a r m id n igh t. U n s k ille d plant (m en and w o m e n ): J a n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s M a t e r ia l handling la b o r e r s D iffe r e n t ia ls f o r s e co n d and th ir d s h ifts a r e s u m m a r iz e d s e p a r a t e ly f o r (1 ) e s ta b lis h m e n t p o lic ie s (an e s ta b lis h m e n t's d iffe r e n tia ls a re w e ig h te d by 18 a ll plant w o r k e r s in the e s ta b lis h m e n t at th e tim e o f the s u r v e y ) and (2 ) e f fe c t iv e p r a c t ic e s (an e s ta b lis h m e n t's d iffe r e n t ia ls a r e w e ig h te d by plant w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d s h ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y ). S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u rs; p a id h o lid a y s ; p a id v a c a tio n s ; and h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p en sion p la n s . P r o v is io n s w h ich a p p ly to a m a jo r it y o f the plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t a r e c o n s id e r e d to ap p ly to a ll plant o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s in the e s ta b lis h m e n t; a p r a c t ic e o r p r o v is io n is c o n s id e r e d n o n e x is te n t w hen it a p p lie s to le s s than a m a jo r it y . H o lid a y s ; v a c a tio n s ; and h e a lth , in s u ra n c e , and p e n s io n p lans a r e c o n s id e r e d a p p lic a b le to e m p lo y e e s c u r r e n t ly e lig ib le f o r th e b e n e fits as w e ll as to e m p lo y e e s who w i l l e v e n tu a lly b e c o m e e lig ib le . S ch ed u led w e e k ly hours and days (ta b le B - 3 ) . S ch ed u led w e e k ly hours and days r e f e r to th e n u m b er o f hou rs and days p e r w e e k w h ich f u ll tim e f i r s t (d a y ) s h ift w o r k e r s a r e e x p e c te d to w o r k , w h eth e r p a id f o r at s t r a ig h t - t im e o r o v e r t im e ra te s . P a id h o lid a y s (ta b le B - 4 ). H o lid a y s a re in clu d ed o n ly i f th ey a r e g ra n te d an nually on a f o r m a l b a s is (p r o v id e d f o r in w r itte n f o r m o r e s ta b lis h e d b y c u s to m ) and e m p lo y e e s a r e p a id f o r th e tim e o ff. T h e y a re in c lu d e d e v e n though in a p a r tic u la r y e a r th ey f a ll on a n o n w o rk d ay and e m p lo y e e s a r e not g ra n te d a n oth er day o ff. D ata a r e ta b u la ted to show th e p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r s who (1 ) a r e g ra n te d s p e c ific n u m b ers o f w h ole and h a lf h o lid a y s and (2 ) a re g ra n te d s p e c ifie d am ounts o f to ta l h o lid a y tim e (w h ole and h a lf h o lid a y s a r e a g g r e g a te d ). P a id v a c a tio n s (ta b le B - 5 ) . E s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r t th e ir m eth od o f c a lc u la tin g v a c a tio n p ay (tim e b a s is , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , fla t- s u m p a y m e n t, e t c .) and th e am ount o f v a c a tio n p a y g ra n te d . O n ly b a s ic fo r m a l p lans a r e r e p o r te d . V a c a tio n b on u s es , v a c a tio n -s a v in g s p la n s , and "e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t ic a l" b e n e fits b eyon d b a s ic p lans a r e exc lu d e d . F o r ta b u la tin g v a c a tio n p ay g ra n te d , a ll p r o v is io n s a r e e x p r e s s e d on a tim e b a s is . V a c a tio n p ay c a lc u la te d on o th e r than a tim e b a s is is c o n v e r te d to its e q u iv a le n t tim e p e r io d . T w o p e rc e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , fo r e x a m p le , is ta b u la ted as 1 w e e k 's v a c a tio n pay. A ls o , p r o v is io n s a ft e r each s p e c ifie d le n g th o f s e r v ic e a r e r e la te d to a ll plant o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t r e g a r d le s s o f le n gth o f s e r v i c e . V a c a tio n p lans c o m m o n ly p r o v id e f o r la r g e r amount o f v a c a tio n pay as s e r v ic e le n g th e n s. Counts o f plant o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s by le n g th o f s e r v ic e w e r e not o b ta in e d . T h e tab u la tion s o f v a c a tio n pay g ra n te d p r e s e n ts , t h e r e f o r e , s t a t is t ic a l m e a s u re s o f th e s e p r o v is io n s r a th e r than p ro p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s a c tu a lly r e c e iv in g s p e c ific b e n e fits . H e a lth , in s u ra n c e , and p en sion p lans (ta b le B - 6 ). H ea lth , in s u ra n c e , and p e n s io n p lans in clu d e plans f o r w h ich the e m p lo y e r pays e ith e r a ll o r p a rt o f the c o s t. T h e c ost m a y be (1 ) u n d e rw ritte n b y a c o m m e r c ia l in s u ra n ce com p an y o r n o n p ro fit o r g a n iz a tio n , (2 ) c o v e r e d b y a union fund to w h ich th e e m p lo y e r has c o n trib u ted , o r (3 ) b o rn e d ir e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f o p e r a tin g funds o r a fund set a s id e to c o v e r the cost. A plan is in c lu d e d e v e n though a m a jo r it y o f the e m p lo y e e s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t do not ch o ose to p a r tic ip a te in it b e ca u s e th ey a r e r e q u ir e d to b e a r p a r t o f its cost (p r o v id e d th e c h o ic e to p a r tic ip a te is a v a ila b le o r w i l l e v e n tu a lly b e c o m e a v a ila b le to a m a jo r it y ). L e g a l l y r e q u ir e d p lan s such as s o c ia l s e c u r ity , r a i l roa d r e t ir e m e n t , w o r k e r s ' d is a b ility c o m p en s a tio n , and te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in s u ra n ce 3 a r e exc lu d e d . th ro u gh L if e in s u ra n ce in c lu d e s fo r m a l p lans p r o v id in g in d e m n ity (u s u a lly an in s u ra n c e p o lic y ) in ca s e o f death o f the c o v e r e d w o r k e r . A c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e r m e n t is lim ite d to plans w h ich p r o v id e b e n e fit p a y m e n ts in c a s e o f death o r lo s s o f lim b o r sigh t as a d ir e c t r e s u lt o f an a c c id en t. S ic k n e s s and a c c id en t in s u ra n c e in c lu d e s o n ly th ose p lans w h ich p r o v id e that p r e d e te r m in e d cash p aym en ts be m ad e d ir e c t ly to e m p lo y e e s who lo s e tim e f r o m w o rk b e ca u s e o f illn e s s o r in ju r y , e .g ., $ 50 a w e e k fo r up to 26 w e e k s o f d is a b ility . S ic k le a v e plans a r e lim it e d to fo r m a l p la n s 4 w h ich p r o v id e f o r con tinuin g an e m p lo y e e 's p ay d u rin g a b sen ce f r o m w o rk b e ca u s e o f illn e s s . D ata c o lle c te d d is tin g u is h b e tw e e n (1 ) p lans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pay w ith no w a itin g p e r io d , and (2 ) plans w h ich e ith e r p r o v id e p a r tia l pay o r r e q u ir e a w a itin g p e r io d . L o n g - t e r m d is a b ility in s u ra n ce p lans p r o v id e paym en ts to to ta lly d is a b le d e m p lo y e e s upon the e x p ir a tio n o f t h e ir p aid s ic k le a v e an d/or s ic k n ess and a c c id e n t in s u ra n c e , o r a ft e r a p r e d e te r m in e d p e r io d o f d is a b ility (ty p ic a lly 6 m o n th s ). P a y m e n ts a r e m ad e until the end o f the d is a b ility , a m a x im u m a g e , o r e lig ib ilit y f o r r e t ir e m e n t b e n e fits . F u ll o r p a r tia l p a y m en ts a r e a lm o s t a lw a ys red u c e d b y s o c ia l s e c u r ity , w o r k e r s ' d is a b ility co m p en s a tio n , and p r iv a t e p e n s io n b e n e fits p a y a b le to the d is a b le d e m p lo y e e . H o s p ita liz a tio n , s u r g ic a l, and m e d ic a l in s u ra n c e plans r e p o r te d in th e s e s u r v e y s p r o v id e fu ll o r p a r t ia l p a ym en t fo r b a s ic s e r v ic e s r e n d e r e d . 3 Temporary disability insurance which provides benefits to covered workers disabled by injury or illness which is not work-connected is mandatory under State laws in California, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. Establishment plans which m eet only the legal requirements are excluded from these data, but those under which (1) employers contribute more than is le g a lly required or (2 ) benefits exceed those specified in the State law are included.In Rhode Island, benefits are paid out of a State fund to which only employees contribute. In each of the other three States, benefits arepaid either from a State fund or through a private plan: State fund financing: In California, only employees contribute to the State fund; in New Jersey, employees and employers contribute; in New York, employees contribute up to a specified maximum and employers pay the difference between the em ployees' share and the total contribution required. Private plan financing: In California and New Jersey, employees cannot be required to contribute more than they would if they were covered by the State fund; in New York, employees can agree to contribute more i f the State mles that the additional contribution is commensurate with the benefit provided. Federal legislation (Railroad Unemployment Insurance A c t) provides temporary disability insurance benefits to railroad workers for illness or injury, whether work-connected or not. The legislation requires that employers bear the entire cost o f the insurance. 4 An establishment is considered as having a form al plan if it specifies at least the minimum number of days o f sick lea ve available to each em ployee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. H o s p ita liz a tio n in s u ra n c e c o v e r s h o s p ita l r o o m and b o a r d and m a y c o v e r o th e r h o s p ita l e x p e n s e s . S u r g ic a l in s u ra n ce c o v e r s s u r g e o n s ' fe e s . M e d ic a l in s u ra n ce c o v e r s d o c t o r s ' fe e s f o r h o m e , o f f ic e , o r h o s p ita l c a lls . P la n s r e s t r ic t e d to p o s t - o p e r a t iv e m e d ic a l c a r e o r a d o c to r 's c a r e f o r m in o r a ilm e n ts at a w o r k e r 's p la c e o f e m p lo y m e n t a r e not c o n s id e r e d to be m e d ic a l in s u ra n c e . "d e d u c tib le ” (e . g . , $ 5 0 ) be m e t b e fo r e b e n e fits b e gin , (2 ) has a c oin su ra n c e fe a tu r e that r e q u ir e s the in s u re d to p a y a p o r tio n (e . g . , 20 p e r c e n t) o f c e r ta in e x p e n s e s , and (3 ) has a s p e c ifie d d o lla r m a x im u m o f b e n e fits (e .g ., $ 10, 000 a y e a r ). M a jo r m e d ic a l in s u ra n ce c o v e r a g e a p p lie s to s e r v ic e s w h ich go beyon d the b a s ic s e r v ic e s c o v e r e d under h o s p ita liz a tio n , s u r g ic a l, and m e d ic a l in s u ra n c e . M a jo r m e d ic a l in s u ra n c e t y p ic a lly (1 ) r e q u ir e s that a R e tir e m e n t p e n s io n p lans p r o v id e f o r r e g u la r p aym en ts to the r e t ir e e f o r l if e . In clu d ed a r e d e fe r r e d p r o fit - s h a r in g p lan s w h ich p r o v id e the op tion o f p u rch a s in g a lif e t im e annuity. D en ta l in s u ra n ce plans p r o v id e n o r m a l d e n tal s e r v ic e b e n e fits , u s u a lly f o r f illin g s , e x tr a c tio n s , and X - r a y s . P la n s w h ich p r o v id e b e n e fits o n ly f o r o r a l s u r g e r y o r r e p a ir in g a c c id en t d a m a ge a r e not r e p o rte d . 20 Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers w ithin scope of survey and number studied in S aginaw , M ic h .,' November 1976 N u m b e r o f e stab lish m en ts M in im u m em ploym en t in e s t a b lis h m ents in scope o f study In d u stry d iv isio n W o r k e r s in establish m en ts W ith in scope o f study W ith in scope o f stu d y 7 Studied T o t a l4 Studied N um ber ALL D IV IS IO N S ------------------------------------------------------------- ______________________________________________________ N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------- — ------------------------ ----------------------T R A N S P O R T A T I O N . C O M M U N I C A T I O N , AND O T H E R P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S 5 ----------------------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------------------------------------------------R E T A I L TRADE ----------------------------------------------------------------F I N A N C E . I N S U R A N C E . AND R E A L E S T A T E --------------- m a n u f a c t u r in g SERVKES ......................................... P e rc e n t F u ll-t im e plant w o r k e r s F u ll-t im e o ffic e w o r k e r s T o t a l4 . 121 so 4 2 ,8 4 4 100 2 9 ,2 4 4 5 ,1 9 5 3 7 ,0 1 3 50 - 50 71 21 3 1 ,3 0 8 1 1 ,5 3 6 73 27 2 4 ,8 1 4 4 ,4 3 0 2 ,6 7 8 2 .5 1 7 2 8 ,5 5 0 8 ,4 6 3 50 50 50 50 50 5 7 37 6 1 ,0 2 6 1 ,1 0 2 2 <6 ) <6 > <7 > <6 > 2 ,2 9 6 543 4 ,0 9 1 1 ,0 4 4 489 39 4 3 20 a 6 11 6 2 .7 1 5 833 5 .7 2 3 1 .4 1 6 849 13 3 2 <6 > <6 > <6 > <6 ) 1 T h e S ag in a w Stan d ard M e tro p o lita n S ta tistic a l A r e a , as defin ed by the O ffic e o f M a n a g e m e n t and B ud get th rough F e b r u a r y 1974, c o n sists o f S a g in a w County. T h e " w o r k e r s w ithin scope o f stu dy" e stim a te s show n in this ta b le p ro v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u ra te d e s c rip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o sitio n o f the la b o r f o r c e inclu d ed in the s u r v e y . E s tim a te s a r e not intended, h o w e v e r, f o r c o m p a ris o n w ith oth er e m p lo y m e n t in d exes to m e a s u r e em p lo y m en t tre n d s o r le v e ls sin c e (1 ) plan n in g o f w a g e s u rv e y s r e q u ir e s e sta b lish m e n t d ata co m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in advance o f the p a y r o ll p e rio d studied, and (2 ) s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e exclu d ed fr o m the sco p e o f the s u rv e y . 4 T h e 1967 edition o f the Stan d ard In d u s tria l C la s s ific a t io n M a n u a l w a s u se d to c la s s ify e s ta b lish m e n ts b y in d u stry d iv is io n . 3 In clu d es a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith total em p loym en t at o r above the m in im u m lim ita tio n . A l l o utlets (w ith in the a r e a ) o f c o m p an ies in in d u s trie s such as tra d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o tio n p ic tu re th e a te rs a re c o n s id e re d as 1 esta b lish m e n t. 4 In clu d es ex e c u tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, p a r t -t im e , and o th e r w o r k e r s exclu ded fr o m the s e p a ra te p lan t and o ffic e c a t e g o r ie s . 5 A b b r e v ia t e d to "p u b lic u t ilit ie s " in the A - and B - s e r i e s t a b le s . T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in cid en tal to w a t e r tra n s p o rta tio n a re ex c lu d e d . S a g in a w 's t r a n s it s y ste m is m u n ic ip a lly owned and is e x c lu d e d b y d e fin itio n fr o m the sco p e o f the study. i T h is d iv is io n is re p r e s e n t e d in e s tim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g " in the A - s e r i e s t a b le s , and f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " in the B - s e r i e s t a b le s . S e p a ra te p rese n ta tio n o f d ata is not m a d e f o r one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1 ) E m p lo y m e n t is too s m a ll to p ro v id e enough d a ta to m e r it se p a ra te study, (2 ) the s a m p le w a s not d e s ig n e d in itia lly to p e r m it s e p a ra te p resen tatio n , (3 ) r e s p o n s e w a s in su ffic ie n t o r inadequate to p e r m it se p a ra te p re se n ta tio n , and (4 ) th e re is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d ivid u al e sta b lish m e n t d ata. 7 W o r k e r s fr o m this en tire d iv is io n a re re p re s e n te d in e s tim a te s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g 11 in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s , but fr o m the r e a l estate p o rtio n on ly in e stim a te s fo r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g " in the B - s e r i e s t a b le s . S e p a ra te p re se n ta tio n o f d a ta is not m a d e f o r one o r m o r e o f the r e a s o n s giv e n in footnote 6. 8 H o te ls and m o t e ls ; la u n d rie s and oth er p e r s o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; au tom obile r e p a ir , re n ta l, and p a rk in g ; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o rg a n iz a tio n s (e x c lu d in g r e lig io u s and c h a rita b le o r g a n iz a t io n s ); and e n g in e e rin g and a r c h ite c tu ra l s e r v ic e s . L a b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g re e m e n t c o v e ra g e T h e fo llo w in g tabu lation show s the p e rc e n t o f fu ll-t im e plant and o ffic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in e sta b lish m e n ts in the S a gin aw a r e a in w h ich a union co n tra c t o r co n tracts c o v e re d a m a jo r it y o f the w o r k e r s in the re s p e c tiv e c a t e g o r ie s , N o v e m b e r 1976: In d u s tria l c o m p o sitio n in m a n u fa c tu rin g A l l i n d u s t r ie s ______________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g _________________ N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ____________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s ____________ A lm o s t t h r e e -fo u r t h s o f the w o r k e r s w ithin sco p e o f the s u r v e y in the S agin aw a r e a w e r e em p lo y ed in m a n u fa c tu rin g f i r m s . T h e fo llo w in g p re s e n ts the m a jo r in d u stry gro u p s and s p e c ific in d u s trie s as a p e rc e n t o f a ll m a n u fa c tu rin g : In d u stry g ro u p s S p e c ific in d u strie s P r i m a r y m e t a l in d u s t r ie s ______ 43 T ra n s p o r t a t io n eq u ip m e n t______ 37 M a c h in e ry , excep t e le c t r ic a l _ 8 Iro n and s te e l f o u n d r i e s ________ 43 M o to r v e h ic le s and e q u ip m e n t _______________________ 3 6 O ffic e w o r k e r s 89 98 39 98 28 65 14 A n e s ta b lis h m e n t is c o n s id e re d to have a c o n tract c o v e rin g all plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r it y o f such w o r k e r s is c o v e re d by a la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g re e m e n t. T h e r e fo r e , a ll o th e r p lan t o r o ffic e w o r k e r s a r e e m p lo y ed in e s ta b lish m e n ts that e ith e r do not h ave la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tracts in e ffe c t, o r have c o n tracts that apply to fe w e r than h a lf o f th e ir plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s . E s tim a te s a re not n e c e s s a r ily re p re s e n ta tiv e o f the extent to w h ich a ll w o r k e r s in the a r e a m a y b e c o v e re d b y the p r o v is io n s o f la b o r-m a n a g e m e n t a g re e m e n ts , b e c a u s e s m a ll e sta b lish m e n ts a re ex clu d ed and the in d u s tria l scope o f the s u r v e y is lim ite d . T h is in fo rm a tio n is b a s e d on e stim a te s o f total e m p lo y m en t d e r iv e d fro m u n iv e r s e m a t e r ia ls co m p ile d b e fo r e actu al s u r v e y . P r o p o r t io n s in v a rio u s in d u stry d iv is io n s m a y d iffe r fr o m p ro p o rtio n s b a s e d on the r e s u lt s o f the s u rv e y as shown in appendix ta b le 1. P la n t w o r k e r s 21 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r im a r y p u rp o s e o f p r e p a r in g jo b d e s c r ip tio n s f o r the B u re a u 's w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s is t its f ie ld s ta ff in c la s s ify in g in to a p p ro p ria te o ccu p atio n s w o r k e r s who a r e e m p lo y e d under a v a r ie t y o f p a y r o ll t it le s and d iffe r e n t w o rk a r ra n g e m e n ts fr o m e s ta b lis h m e n t to e s ta b lis h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is p e r m its th e g ro u p in g o f o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e r a te s r e p r e s e n tin g c o m p a ra b le jo b con tent. B e c a u s e o f th is em p h a s is on in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t and in t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b ilit y o f o c c u p a tio n a l con ten t, the B u re a u 's jo b d e s c r ip tio n s m a y d if fe r s ig n ific a n tly f r o m th o s e in use in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts o r th o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o th e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p lyin g th e s e jo b d e s c r ip tio n s , the B u re a u 's f ie ld e c o n o m is ts a r e in s tr u c te d to e x c lu d e w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s ; a p p re n tic e s ; le a r n e r s ; b e g in n e rs ; t r a in e e s ; and h a n d icap ped , p a r t - t im e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a tio n a r y w o r k e r s . OFFICE SECRETARY S E C R E T A R Y — C ontinued A s s ig n e d as p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a lly to one in d iv id u a l. M a in ta in s a c lo s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s iv e re la tio n s h ip to th e d a y -to -d a y w o rk o f th e s u p e r v is o r . W o rk s f a i r l y in d e p e n d e n tly r e c e iv in g a m in im u m o f d e ta ile d s u p e rv is io n and g u id an ce. P e r f o r m s v a r ie d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l d u tie s , u su a lly in clu d in g m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : a n s w e rs p e rs o n s ; d. e. R e v ie w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d u m s , and r e p o rts p r e p a r e d by o th e rs f o r th e s u p e r v is o r 's s ig n a tu re to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and ty p o g ra p h ic accu racy; a. R e c e iv e s te le p h o n e c a lls , p e r s o n a l c a lle r s , and in c o m in g m a il, rou tin e in q u ir ie s , and rou te s te c h n ic a l in q u irie s to the p r o p e r b. c. in s tr u c te d ; E s ta b lis h e s , m a in ta in s , and r e v is e s the s u p e r v is o r 's f ile s ; M ain ta in s th e s u p e r v is o r 's c a le n d a r and m ak es ap p oin tm en ts as R e la y s m e s s a g e s f r o m s u p e r v is o r to s u b o rd in a te s ; f. P e r f o r m s s te n o g ra p h ic and ty p in g w o r k . M a y a ls o p e r f o r m o th e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l task s o f c o m p a ra b le n a tu re and d iffic u lty . T h e w o rk t y p ic a lly r e q u ir e s k n o w le d g e o f o f f ic e rou tin e and u n derstan d in g o f the o r g a n iz a tio n , p r o g r a m s , and p ro c e d u r e s r e la te d to the w o rk o f th e s u p e r v is o r . B eg in n in g w ith c a le n d a r y e a r 1976 s u r v e y s , th e B u rea u has g ro u p ed o ccu p atio n s stu d ied in its a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s into jo b fa m ilie s in o r d e r to p r e s e n t in fo rm a tio n on r e la te d occu p a tio n s in s e q u e n c e . Job fa m ilie s h a ve not b e en tit le d , h o w e v e r , s in c e d oin g so m igh t h a ve added ex tra n eo u s e le m e n ts to th e jo b m a tch in g p r o c e s s . T h e B u re a u has a ls o r e v is e d s e v e r a l o c c u p a tio n a l t it le s . usual w o r d o r d e r and a r e m o r e d e s c r ip t iv e o f the s u r v e y jo b s . T h e r e v is e d t it le s m o r e n e a r ly r e f l e c t R e v is e d o c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s a r e b e in g in tro d u c e d th is y e a r fo r : O r d e r c le r k ; p a y r o ll c le r k ; s w itc h b o a rd o p e r a to r ; s w itc h b o a rd o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t io n is t ; tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e ty p is t (p r e v io u s ly t it le d tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r ); m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a to r (t o o lr o o m ); and t o o l and d ie m a k e r . T h e y a r e th e r e s u lt o f the B u re a u 's p o lic y o f p e r io d ic a lly r e v ie w in g a r e a w a g e s u r v e y o c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s in o r d e r to tak e into account te c h n o lo g ic a l d e v e lo p m e n ts and to c la r ify d e s c r ip tio n s so that th e y a r e m o r e r e a d ily u n d erstoo d and u n ifo rm ly in t e r p r e te d . E v en though the r e v is e d d e s c r ip tio n s r e f l e c t b a s ic a lly the s a m e o ccu p atio n s as p r e v io u s ly d e fin e d , s o m e r e p o r tin g changes m ay o c c u r b e ca u s e o f the r e v is io n s . 22 SEC RE T ARY— Continue d SEC RET ARY— Continue d E x c lu s io n s N ot a ll c h a r a c t e r is t ic s . a r e as fo llo w s : p o s itio n s that a r e t it le d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the ab ove E x a m p le s o f p o s itio n s w h ich a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m th e d e fin itio n a. P o s itio n s d e s c r ib e d a b o v e ; b. w h ich do not m e e t th e " p e r s o n a l" s e c re ta ry con cep t 4. S e c r e t a r y to th e head o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, fa c t o r y , e tc . (o r o th e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) th at e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,00 0 p e r s o n s ; o r of p ro 5. S e c r e t a r y to th e head o f a la r g e and im p o rta n t o r g a n iz a tio n a l s e g m e n t (e . g . , a m id d le m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n iz a tio n a l s e g m e n t o fte n in v o lv in g as m an y as s e v e r a l hu ndred p e r s o n s ) o r a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . S te n o g ra p h e rs not fu lly tr a in e d in s e c r e t a r ia l- t y p e d u ties; c. S te n o g ra p h e rs s e r v in g as o f f ic e fe s s io n a l, te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n s ; a s s is ta n ts to a g ro u p 3. S e c r e t a r y to the h ead , im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the o f f i c e r l e v e l , o v e r e it h e r a m a jo r c o r p o r a te w id e fu n c tio n a l a c t iv it y ( e . g . , m a rk e tin g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a tio n s , in d u s tr ia l r e la tio n s , e t c . ) o r a m a jo r g e o g r a p h ic o r o r g a n iz a tio n a l s e g m e n t (e . g . , a r e g io n a l h e a d q u a rte r s ; a m a jo r d iv is io n ) o f a com p an y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 but f e w e r than 25, 000 e m p lo y e e s ; o r d. S e c r e t a r y p o s itio n s in w h ich th e du ties a r e e ith e r s u b s ta n tia lly m o r e ro u tin e o r s u b s ta n tia lly m o r e c o m p le x and r e s p o n s ib le than th o s e c h a r a c t e r iz e d in th e d e fin itio n ; e. A s s is ta n t - ty p e p o s itio n s w h ich in v o lv e m o r e d iffic u lt o r m o r e r e s p o n s ib le te c h n ic a l, a d m in is tr a tiv e , s u p e r v is o r y , o r s p e c ia liz e d c l e r ic a l d u ties w h ich a r e not ty p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r ia l w o rk . N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u sed in th e l e v e l d e fin itio n s fo llo w in g , r e f e r s to th o s e o f f ic ia ls who h a ve a s ig n ific a n t c o r p o r a te w id e p o lic y m a k in g r o le w ith r e g a r d to m a jo r com p an y a c t iv it ie s . T h e t it le " v i c e p r e s i d e n t , " th ough n o r m a lly in d ic a tiv e o f th is r o le , does not in a ll c a s e s id e n tify such p o s itio n s . V ic e p r e s id e n ts w h o s e p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y is to act p e r s o n a lly on in d iv id u a l c a s e s o r tr a n s a c tio n s ( e . g . , a p p ro v e o r deny in d iv id u a l lo a n o r c r e d it actio n ^ ; a d m in is te r in d iv id u a l tr u s t accou n ts; d ir e c t ly s u p e r v is e a c l e r i c a l s ta ff) a r e not c o n s id e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r p u rp o s e s o f a p p lyin g th e fo llo w in g l e v e l d e fin itio n s . C la s s A 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e c h a irm a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a com p an y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a te o f f i c e r (o th e r than th e c h a irm a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t) o f a com p any that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 but f e w e r than 25, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y to the h ead , im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a te o f f i c e r l e v e l , o f a m a jo r s e g m e n t o r s u b s id ia ry o f a com p an y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . C la s s B 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e c h a irm a n o f th e b o a r d o r p re s id e n t o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, f e w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r C la s s C 1. S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u tiv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n w h ose r e s p o n s ib ilit y is not e q u iv a le n t to one o f th e s p e c ific l e v e l situ a tion s in th e d e fin itio n f o r c la s s B , but w h ose o r g a n iz a tio n a l unit n o r m a lly n u m b e rs at le a s t s e v e r a l d o ze n e m p lo y e e s and is u su a lly d iv id e d into o r g a n iz a tio n a l s e g m e n ts w h ich a r e o fte n , in tu rn , fu r th e r su b d ivid ed . In s o m e c o m p a n ie s , th is l e v e l in clu d es a w id e ra n g e o f o r g a n iz a tio n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o t h e r s , o n ly one o r tw o ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y to th e head o f an in d iv id u a l p la n t, fa c t o r y , e tc . (o r o th e r e a u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, fe w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p erson s. C la s s D 1. S e c r e t a r y to th e s u p e r v is o r o r head unit (e . g . , f e w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ); oj: o f a s m a ll o r g a n iz a tio n a l 2. S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s ta ff s p e c ia lis t , p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in is tr a tiv e o f f i c e r , o r a s s is ta n t, s k ille d te c h n ic ia n , o r e x p e r t . (N O T E : M an y c o m p a n ie s a s s ig n s te n o g r a p h e r s , r a th e r than s e c r e t a r ie s as d e s c r ib e d a b o v e , to th is l e v e l o f s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e rv is o r y w o r k e r . ) STENO G RAPH ER P r i m a r y duty is to ta k e d ic ta tio n u sin g shorth and , and to tra m s c rib e th e d ic ta tio n . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r itte n cop y. M a y o p e r a te f r o m a s te n o g ra p h ic p o o l. M a y o c c a s io n a lly tr a n s c r ib e f r o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s ( i f p r im a r y duty is t r a n s c r ib in g f r o m r e c o r d in g s , s e e T ra m s c rib in g -M a c h in e T y p is t ). N O T E : T h is jo b is d is tin g u is h e d fr o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in th at a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a lly w o rk s in a c o n fid e n tia l r e la tio n s h ip w ith o n ly one m a n a g e r o r e x e c u tiv e and p e r fo r m s m o r e r e s p o n s ib le and d is c r e tio n a r y ta s k s as d e s c r ib e d in th e s e c r e t a r y jo b d e fin itio n . S te n o g ra p h e r, G e n e r a l 2. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a te o f f i c e r (o th e r than th e c h a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p r e s id e n t) o f a com p an y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r keep D ic ta tio n in v o lv e s a n o r m a l rou tin e v o c a b u la r y . M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o th e r r e l a t i v e l y rou tin e c l e r i c a l ta s k s . STENOGRAPHER— Continued F IL E CLERK— Continued S te n o g ra p h e r, S e n io r D ic ta tio n in v o lv e s a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d vocabularysuch as in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r ts on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o set up and m a in ta in f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , e tc . C la s s B . S o r t s , c o d e s , and f i l e s u n c la s s ifie d m a t e r ia l b y s im p le (s u b je c t m a t t e r ) h ead in gs o r p a r t ly c la s s ifie d m a t e r ia l by fin e r su b head ings. P r e p a r e s s im p le r e la te d in d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s . A s re q u e s te d , lo c a te s c le a r ly id e n tifie d m a t e r ia l in f il e s and fo r w a r d s m a te r ia l. M a y p e r fo r m r e la te d c le r i c a l ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i le s . OR P e r f o r m s s te n o g ra p h ic d u ties r e q u ir in g s ig n ific a n tly g r e a t e r in d ep en d en ce and r e s p o n s ib ilit y than s te n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l, as e v id e n c e d by th e fo llo w in g : W o rk r e q u ir e s a high d e g r e e o f s te n o g ra p h ic sp eed and a c c u r a c y ; a th orou g h w o rk in g k n o w le d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s in e s s and o f f ic e p r o c e d u re ; and o f the s p e c ific b u s in e s s o p e r a tio n s , o r g a n iz a tio n , p o lic ie s , p ro c ed u re s , f i l e s , w o r k flo w , etc. U s e s th is k n o w le d g e in p e r fo r m in g s te n o g ra p h ic d u ties and r e s p o n s ib le c le r i c a l task s such as m a in ta in in g fo llo w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b lin g m a t e r ia l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o ra n d u m s , and le t t e r s ; c o m p o s in g s im p le le t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l in s tr u c tio n s ; re a d in g and rou tin g in c o m in g m a il; and a n s w e rin g rou tin e q u e s tio n s , e tc . T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P I S T P r i m a r y duty is to typ e c o p y of v o ic e r e c o r d e d d ic ta tio n w h ich does not in v o lv e v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o c a b u la r y such as that used in le g a l b r ie f s o r r e p o r ts on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r itte n cop y. M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , k e ep s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o th e r r e la t iv e ly rou tin e c l e r i c a l ta s k s . (S ee S te n o g ra p h e r d e fin itio n fo r w o r k e r s in v o lv e d w ith sh orth and d ic ta tio n .) T Y P IS T U s e s a t y p e w r it e r to m ak e c o p ie s o f v a r io u s m a t e r ia ls o r to m ak e out b ills a ft e r c a lc u la tio n s h a ve b e en m ad e by an oth er p e rs o n . M a y in clude ty p in g o f s te n c ils , m a ts , o r s im ila r m a t e r ia ls fo r use in d u p lica tin g p ro cesses. M a y do c le r ic a l w o rk in v o lv in g lit t le s p e c ia l tr a in in g , such as k e ep in g s im p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r tin g and d is trib u tin g in c o m in g m a il. C la s s A . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : T y p in g m a t e r ia l in fin a l fo r m when it in v o lv e s c om b in in g m a t e r ia l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s ib ilit y f o r c o r r e c t s p e llin g , s y lla b ic a t io n , punctu ation , e tc ., o f t e c h n ic a l o r unusual w o rd s o r fo r e ig n lan gu a ge m a t e r ia l; o r plan n in g lay ou t and ty p in g o f c o m p lic a te d s ta t is t ic a l ta b le s to m a in ta in u n ifo rm ity and b a la n ce in s p a c in g . M a y ty p e rou tin e fo r m le t t e r s , v a r y in g d e ta ils to suit c ir c u m s ta n c e s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : C op y ty p in g f r o m rou gh o r c le a r d r a fts ; o r rou tin e ty p in g o f f o r m s , in s u ra n c e p o lic ie s , e tc .; o r s e ttin g up s im p le s tan d a rd ta b u la tio n s; o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p le x ta b le s a lr e a d y set up and s p a c ed p r o p e r ly . F IL E C L E R K F i l e s , c l a s s ifie s , and r e t r ie v e s m a t e r ia l in an e s ta b lis h e d filin g s y s te m . M ay p e r fo r m c l e r ic a l and m anu al ta s k s r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in f ile s . P o s itio n s a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g d e fin itio n s . C la s s A . C la s s ifie s and in d e x e s f ile m a t e r ia l such as c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r ts , te c h n ic a l d ocu m en ts, e tc ., in an e s ta b lis h e d f ilin g s y s te m con tain in g a n u m b er o f v a r ie d s u b je ct m a tte r f ile s . M a y a ls o f i l e th is m a t e r ia l. M a y k e ep r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p es in con ju n ction w ith the f ile s . M a y le a d a s m a ll g ro u p o f lo w e r l e v e l f ile c le r k s . C la s s C . P e r f o r m s rou tin e filin g o f m a t e r ia l that has a lr e a d y b een c la s s ifie d o r w h ich is e a s ily c la s s ifie d in a s im p le s e r i a l c la s s ific a t io n s y s te m (e . g . , a lp h a b e tic a l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l). A s re q u e s te d , lo c a te s r e a d ily a v a ila b le m a t e r ia l in f i l e s and fo r w a r d s m a te r ia l; and m a y f i l l out w ith d ra w a l c h a r g e . M a y p e r f o r m s im p le c l e r i c a l and m anual tasks r e q u ir e d to m a in ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . M ESSENGER P e r f o r m s v a r io u s rou tin e d u ties such as running e rr a n d s , o p e ra tin g m in o r o f f ic e m a c h in e s such as s e a le r s o r m a i l e r s , op en in g and d is trib u tin g m a il, and o th e r m in o r c l e r i c a l w o rk . E x c lu d e p o s itio n s that r e q u ir e o p e r a tio n o f a m o to r v e h ic le as a s ig n ific a n t duty. S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s a te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le used w ith a p r iv a t e b ra n c h e xch a n g e (P B X ) s y s te m to r e la y in c o m in g , o u tg o in g , and in t r a s y s te m c a lls . M a y p r o v id e in fo r m a tio n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and tr a n s m it m e s s a g e s , k e e p r e c o r d o f c a lls p la c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s id e s o p e r a tin g a te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le , m a y a ls o ty p e o r p e r f o r m ro u tin e c l e r i c a l w o rk (ty p in g o r rou tin e c le r i c a l w o rk m a y occu p y th e m a jo r p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r 's t im e , and is u s u a lly p e r fo r m e d w h ile at the s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le ). C h ie f o r le a d o p e r a to r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one o p e r a to r a re e x c lu d e d . F o r an o p e r a t o r who a ls o acts as a r e c e p tio n is t, se e S w itc h b o a rd O p e r a t o r - R e c e p t io n is t . S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T At a an o p e r a to r — w o rk in v o lv e s b u s in e s s and p r ia t e p e r s o n a r ra n g in g atn s in g le - p o s it io n te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o le , acts both as s e e S w itc h b o a rd O p e r a t o r and as a r e c e p tio n is t. R e c e p tio n is t's such d u ties as g r e e tin g v i s i t o r s ; d e te rm in in g natu re o f v i s i t o r 's p r o v id in g a p p ro p ria te in fo r m a tio n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r to a p p ro in th e o r g a n iz a tio n o r c on ta ctin g th at p e r s o n b y te le p h o n e and ap p oin tm en t; k e ep in g a lo g o f v i s i t o r s . ORDER CLERK R e c e iv e s w r itte n o r v e r b a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u rc h a s e o r d e r s fo r m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e f r o m c u s to m e rs o r s a le s p e o p le . W o rk ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s som e c o m b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g d u tie s : Q u oting p r ic e s ; d e te rm in in g a v a ila b ilit y o f o r d e r e d ite m s and s u g g e s tin g su b stitu tes w hen n e c e s s a r y ; a d v is in g e x p e c te d d e liv e r y date and m eth od o f d e l i v e r y ; r e c o r d in g o r d e r and c u s to m e r in fo r m a tio n on o r d e r s h e e ts ; ch e c k in g o r d e r sh e e ts fo r a c c u r a c y and ad equ acy o f in fo r m a tio n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r ta in in g c r e d it ratin g o f c u s to m e r; fu rn is h in g c u s to m e r w ith a c k n o w le d g e m e n t o f r e c e ip t o f o r d e r ; fo llo w in g - u p to s e e that o r d e r is d e liv e r e d by the s p e c ifie d date o r to le t c u s to m e r know o f a d e la y in d e liv e r y ; m a in ta in in g o r d e r f i l e ; ch eck in g shipping in v o ic e a g a in s t o r ig in a l o r d e r . ORDER CLERK— Continued BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE O PERATO R E x c lu d e w o r k e r s p a id on a c o m m is s io n b a s is o r w h ose d u ties in clu d e any o f th e f o llo w in g : R e c e iv in g o r d e r s f o r s e r v ic e s r a th e r than f o r m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e ; p r o v id in g c u s to m e rs w ith c o n s u lta tiv e a d v ic e u sing k n o w le d g e g a in e d f r o m e n g in e e r in g o r e x te n s iv e te c h n ic a l tr a in in g ; e m p h a s iz in g s e llin g s k ills ; han d lin g m a t e r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e as an in t e g r a l p a r t o f the jo b . O p e ra te s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (w ith o r w ith out a t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s tr a n s a c tio n s . P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s : a re c la s s ifie d in to le v e ls a c c o r d in g to the fo llo w in g C la s s A . H an dles o r d e r s that in v o lv e m a k in g ju d gm en ts such as c h o o s in g w h ich s p e c ific p ro d u c t o r m a t e r ia l f r o m the e s ta b lis h m e n t's p ro d u ct lin e s w i l l s a t is fy th e c u s to m e r 's n e e d s , o r d e te rm in in g the p r ic e to be qu oted w hen p r ic in g in v o lv e s m o r e than m e r e ly r e f e r r in g to a p r ic e lis t o r m ak in g s o m e s im p le m a th e m a tic a l c a lc u la tio n s . C la s s B . H an dles o r d e r s in v o lv in g ite m s w h ich have r e a d ily id e n t if i e d u ses and a p p lic a tio n s . M a y r e f e r to a c a ta lo g , m a n u fa c tu re r 's m an u a l, o r s i m i l a r d ocu m en t to in s u re that p r o p e r ite m is s u p p lied o r to v e r i f y p r ic e o f o r d e r e d ite m . A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e accou n tin g c l e r i c a l ta s k s such as p o s tin g to r e g i s t e r s and le d g e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank accou n ts; v e r if y in g the in te r n a l c o n s is te n c y , c o m p le te n e s s , and m a th e m a tic a l a c c u r a c y o f accou n ting docu m en ts; a s s ig n in g p r e s c r ib e d accou n tin g d is trib u tio n c o d e s ; ex a m in in g and v e r if y in g f o r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s ty p es o f r e p o r t s , lis t s , c a lc u la tio n s , p o s tin g , e tc .; o r p r e p a r in g s im p le o r a s s is tin g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a te d jo u rn a l vou ch ers. M a y w o rk in e ith e r a m anu al o r au tom ated accoun ting s y s te m . T h e w o r k r e q u ir e s a k n o w le d g e o f c le r i c a l m eth od s and o ffic e p r a c t ic e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h ich r e la te s to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s in g and r e c o rd in g o f tr a n s a c tio n s and accou n tin g in fo rm a tio n . W ith e x p e r ie n c e , the w o r k e r t y p ic a lly b e c o m e s f a m ilia r w ith the b o o k k e e p in g and accou n tin g t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u sed in the a s s ig n e d w o r k , but is not r e q u ir e d to h ave a k n o w le d g e o f th e f o r m a l p r in c ip le s o f b o o k k e e p in g and accou n tin g. P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a s is o f th e fo llo w in g C la s s A . U n d er g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s accou n tin g c le r i c a l o p e r a tio n s w h ich r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m e n t, fo r e x a m p le , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s in g c o m p lic a te d o r n o n r e p e titiv e accou n tin g t r a n s a c tio n s , s e le c tin g am ong a s u b stan tial v a r ie t y o f p r e s c r ib e d accou n tin g codes and c la s s ific a t io n s , o r t r a c in g tr a n s a c tio n s though p re v io u s accou n tin g a ction s to d e te r m in e s o u rc e o f d is c r e p a n c ie s . M a y be a s s is te d b y one o r m o r e c la s s B a ccou n tin g c le r k s . C la s s B . U n d er c lo s e s u p e r v is io n , fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s and s ta n d a rd iz e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e rou tin e accou n ting c l e r i c a l o p e r a tio n s , such as p o s tin g to le d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o rk s h e e ts w h e re id e n tific a tio n o f ite m s and lo c a tio n s o f p o s tin g s a r e c l e a r ly in d ic a te d ; c h e c k ing a c c u r a c y and c o m p le te n e s s o f s ta n d a rd ize d and r e p e t it iv e r e c o r d s or accou n tin g d ocu m en ts; and cod in g d ocu m ents u sing a fe w p r e s c r ib e d a c c o u n t ing co d e s . C la s s A . K e e p s a set o f r e c o r d s r e q u ir in g a k n o w led g e o f and e x p e r ie n c e in b a s ic b o o k k e e p in g p r in c ip le s , and f a m ilia r it y w ith the s tru c tu re o f the p a r t ic u la r a ccou n tin g s y s te m u sed . D e te rm in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is trib u tio n o f d eb it and c r e d it ite m s to be used in each phase o f the w o rk . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , b a la n ce s h e e ts , and o th e r r e c o r d s by hand. C la s s B . K e e p s a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e p h ases o r s e c tio n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a lly r e q u ir in g l i t t l e k n o w le d g e o f b a s ic b oo k k eep in g . P h a s e s o r s e c tio n s in clu d e accoun ts p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s to m e r s ' accounts (not in clu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d under m a ch in e b i l l e r ) , c ost d is tr ib u tio n , e x p e n s e d is trib u tio n , in v e n t o r y c o n tr o l, e tc . M a y check o r a s s is t in p r e p a r a tio n o f t r i a l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n tro l s h eets f o r the accoun ting d e p a rtm e n t. M A C H IN E B I L L E R P r e p a r e s s ta te m e n ts , b i l l s , and in v o ic e s on a m ach in e o th e r than an o r d in a r y o r e le c t r o m a t ic t y p e w r it e r . M a y a ls o k e ep r e c o r d s as to b illin g s o r sh ip p in g c h a rg e s o r p e r f o r m o th e r c l e r i c a l w o rk in c id e n ta l to b illin g o p e r a tio n s . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , m a c h in e b i l l e r s a r e c la s s ifie d by typ e o f m a c h in e , as fo llo w s : B illin g - m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a s p e c ia l b illin g m ach in e (c o m b in a tio n ty p in g and adding m a c h in e ) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s fr o m c u s to m e r s ' p u rch a s e o r d e r s , in t e r n a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , shipping m e m o ra n d u m s , e tc . U s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a tio n o f p r e d e te r m in e d d iscou n ts and shipping c h a rg es and e n tr y o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s io n s , w h ich m a y o r m a y not be com p u ted on th e b illin g m a c h in e , and to ta ls w h ich a r e a u to m a tic a lly accu m u lated by m a c h in e . T h e o p e r a tio n u su a lly in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m b er o f ca rb o n c o p ie s o f the b i l l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is o fte n done on a fa n fo ld m a ch in e. B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e b i l l e r . U s e s a b oo k k eep in g m ach in e (w ith o r w ith ou t a t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s to m e r s ' b ills as p a r t o f the accoun ts r e c e iv a b le o p e r a tio n . G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s the sim u ltan eo u s e n tr y o f fig u r e s on c u s to m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m a c h in e a u to m a tic a lly a c cu m u lates fig u r e s on a n u m b er o f v e r t i c a l colu m n s and com p u tes and u s u a lly p rin ts a u to m a tic a lly the debit o r c r e d it b a la n c e s . D oes not in v o lv e a k n o w le d g e o f b o o k k e e p in g . W o rk s f r o m u n ifo rm and stan d a rd ty p es o f s a le s and c r e d it s lip s . P A Y R O L L CLERK P e r f o r m s th e c l e r i c a l ta s k s n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o lls and to m a in ta in p a y r o ll r e c o r d s . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s ' t im e o r p ro d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; a d ju stin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s f o r changes in w a g e r a te s , s u p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fits , o r ta x d ed u ction s; e d itin g p a y r o ll lis tin g s a g a in s t s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; t r a c in g and c o r r e c t in g e r r o r s in lis tin g s ; and a s s is tin g in p r e p a r a tio n o f p e r io d ic s u m m a ry p a y r o ll r e p o r ts . In a nonau tom ated p a y r o ll s y s te m , com p u tes w a g e s . W o rk m a y r e q u ir e a p r a c t ic a l k n o w le d g e o f g o v e r n m e n ta l r e g u la tio n s , com p an y p a y r o ll p o lic y , o r the c o m p u te r s y s te m f o r p r o c e s s in g p a y r o lls . KEYPUNCH O PERATO R TAB U LATIN G -M AC H IN E O PERATO R— Continued O p e ra te s a keypunch m a c h in e to r e c o r d o r v e r i f y a lp h a b e tic an d/or n u m e r ic data on ta b u la tin g c a r d s o r on tap e. f r o m th is d e fin itio n a r e w o rk in g s u p e r v is o r s . A ls o e x c lu d e d a re o p e r a to r s o f e le c t r o n ic d ig it a l c o m p u te rs , e v e n though th ey m a y a ls o o p e r a te e l e c t r i c accou n tin g m a c h in e equ ip m en t. P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on th e b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la s s A . W o rk r e q u ir e s th e a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m en t in s e le c tin g p r o c e d u r e s to be fo llo w e d and in s e a rc h in g f o r , in t e r p r e tin g , s e le c tin g , o r cod in g ite m s to be k eyp u n ch ed f r o m a v a r ie t y o f s o u rc e d ocu m en ts. On o c c a s io n m a y a ls o p e r f o r m s o m e rou tin e keypunch w o rk . M a y t r a in in e x p e r ie n c e d keypunch o p e r a to r s . C la s s B . W o rk is rou tin e and r e p e t it iv e . U n d er c lo s e s u p e rv is io n o r fo llo w in g s p e c ific p ro c e d u r e s o r in s tr u c tio n s , w o rk s f r o m v a r io u s stan d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d ocu m ents w h ich h a ve b e en cod ed , and fo llo w s s p e c ifie d p r o c e d u r e s w h ich h a ve b een p r e s c r ib e d in d e ta il and r e q u ir e lit t le o r no s e le c t in g , co d in g , o r in t e r p r e tin g o f data to be r e c o r d e d . R e fe r s to su p e r v i s o r p r o b le m s a r is in g fr o m e rr o n e o u s ite m s o r codes o r m is s in g in fo rm a tio n . T A B U L A T IN G - M A C H I N E O P E R A T O R c u la to r, O p e ra te s one o r a v a r ie t y o f m a c h in e s such as the ta b u la to r , c a l c o lla t o r , in t e r p r e t e r , s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c in g punch, e tc . E x c lu d e d are c la s s ifie d into l e v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la s s A . P e r f o r m s c o m p le te r e p o r tin g and ta b u la tin g a s s ign m e n ts in clu d in g d e v is in g d iffic u lt c o n tro l p a n e l w ir in g u n der g e n e r a l s u p e rv is io n . A s s ig n m e n ts t y p ic a lly in v o lv e a v a r i e t y o f lon g and c o m p le x r e p o rts w h ich o fte n a r e ir r e g u la r o r n o n r e c u r r in g , r e q u ir in g s o m e p lan n in g o f the natu re and s equ en cin g o f o p e r a tio n s , and th e use o f a v a r i e t y o f m a c h in e s . Is t y p ic a lly in v o lv e d in tr a in in g n ew o p e r a to r s in m a c h in e o p e ra tio n s o r tr a in in g lo w e r l e v e l o p e r a to r s in w ir in g f r o m d ia g ra m s and in the o p e r a tin g sequ en ces o f lon g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s . D oes not in clu d e p o s itio n s in w h ich w ir in g r e s p o n s ib ilit y is lim it e d to s e le c tio n and in s e r tio n o f p r e w ir e d b o a rd s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s w o rk a c c o r d in g to e s ta b lis h e d p ro c e d u r e s and under s p e c ific in s tr u c tio n s . A s s ig n m e n ts t y p ic a lly in v o lv e c o m p le te but rou tin e and r e c u r r in g r e p o r ts o r p a r ts o f l a r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x r e p o r ts . O p e ra te s m o r e d iffic u lt ta b u la tin g o r e l e c t r i c a l accou n tin g m a ch in es such as the ta b u la to r and c a lc u la to r , in ad d ition to th e s im p le r m a ch in es used by c la s s C o p e r a t o r s . M a y be r e q u ir e d to do s o m e w ir in g fr o m d ia g ra m s . M a y t r a in n ew e m p lo y e e s in b a s ic m a c h in e o p e r a tio n s . C la s s C . U n d e r s p e c ific in s tr u c tio n s , o p e r a te s s im p le tab u la tin g o r e le c t r ic a l a ccou n tin g m a c h in e s such as th e s o r t e r , in t e r p r e t e r , re p ro d u c in g punch, c o lla t o r , e tc . A s s ig n m e n ts t y p ic a lly in v o lv e p o r tio n s o f a w o rk unit, f o r e x a m p le , in d iv id u a l s o r tin g o r c o lla tin g ru n s, o r r e p e t it iv e o p e r a tio n s . M ay p e rfo r m s im p le w ir in g f r o m d ia g r a m s , and do s om e filin g w o rk . PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , B U SINE SS A n a ly z e s b u s in e s s p r o b le m s to fo r m u la te p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o lv in g th em by use o f e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g equ ip m en t. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le te d e s c r ip tio n o f a ll s p e c ific a tio n s n e e d e d to en a b le p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u ir e d d ig it a l c o m p u te r p r o g r a m s . W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : A n a ly z e s s u b je c t - m a t te r o p e r a tio n s to be au tom ated and id e n tifie s con d ition s and c r i t e r i a r e q u ir e d to a c h ie v e s a t is fa c t o r y r e s u lt s ; s p e c ifie s n u m b er and ty p e s o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d ocu m ents to be used ; o u tlin e s a c tio n s to be p e r fo r m e d by p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u te rs in s u ffic ie n t d e ta il f o r p re s e n ta tio n to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m in g (t y p ic a lly th is in v o lv e s p r e p a r a tio n o f w o rk and data flo w c h a r ts ); c o o rd in a te s the d e v e lo p m e n t o f te s t p r o b le m s and p a r tic ip a te s in t r i a l runs o f new and r e v is e d s y s te m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s equ ip m en t chan ges to ob ta in m o r e e f fe c t iv e o v e r a l l o p e r a tio n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g both s y s te m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as s y s te m s a n a lys ts i f th is is the s k ill u sed to d e te rm in e t h e ir p a y .) C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , B U SIN E S S— C ontinued F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , s y s te m s a n a ly s ts a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la s s A . W o rk s in d e p e n d e n tly o r under o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s in v o lv in g a ll p h a ses o f s y s te m a n a ly s is . P r o b le m s a re c o m p le x b e c a u s e o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u ltip le - u s e r e q u ir e m en ts o f output d ata. (F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s an in te g r a te d p ro d u c tio n s c h e d u lin g , in v e n t o r y c o n tr o l, c o s t a n a ly s is , and s a le s a n a ly s is r e c o r d in w h ich e v e r y ite m o f e a c h ty p e is a u to m a tic a lly p r o c e s s e d th ro u gh th e fu ll s y s te m o f r e c o r d s and a p p ro p ria te fo llo w u p a c tio n s a re in itia te d by the c o m p u te r.) C o n fe r s w ith p e rs o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e te r m in e th e data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t - m a t te r p e r s o n n e l on th e im p lic a tio n s o f new o r r e v is e d s y s te m s o f data p r o c e s s in g o p e r a tio n s . M a k e s r e c o m m e n d a tio n s , i f n e e d e d , f o r a p p ro v a l o f m a jo r s y s te m s in s ta lla tio n s o r changes and fo r ob ta in in g e qu ip m en t. M a y p r o v id e fu n c tio n a l who a r e a s s ig n e d to a s s is t. D oes not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o th e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r s y s te m s a n a lys ts p r im a r ily c o n c e rn e d w ith s c ie n t ific o r e n g in e e rin g p r o b le m s . d ir e c tio n to lo w e r l e v e l s y s te m s an a lysts C la s s B . W o rk s in d e p e n d e n tly o r u n der o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on p r o b le m s that a r e r e la t iv e l y u n c o m p lic a te d to a n a ly z e , p la n , p r o g r a m , and o p e r a te . P r o b le m s a r e o f lim it e d c o m p le x ity b e ca u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a r e h o m o gen eo u s and th e output data a r e c lo s e ly r e la te d . ( F o r e x a m p le , 26 COM PUTER SYSTEMS A N A LYS T, BUSINESS— Continued COM PUTER PROGRAM MER, BUSINESS— Continued d e v e lo p s s y s te m s fo r m a in ta in in g d e p o s ito r accou n ts in a bank, m a in ta in in g accoun ts r e c e iv a b le in a r e t a il e s ta b lis h m e n t, o r m a in ta in in g in v e n to r y accou n ts in a m a n u fa c tu rin g o r w h o le s a le e s ta b lis h m e n t.) C o n fe r s w ith p e rs o n s c o n c e rn e d to d e te rm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t - m a t te r p e rs o n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f the data p r o c e s s in g s y s te m s to be a p p lie d . A t th is l e v e l , p r o g r a m m in g is d iffic u lt b e ca u s e co m p u te r e q u ip m en t m u st be o r g a n iz e d to p ro d u c e s e v e r a l in t e r r e la t e d but d iv e r s e p r o ducts f r o m n u m erou s and d iv e r s e data e le m e n ts . A w id e v a r ie t y and e x t e n s iv e n u m b er o f in te r n a l p r o c e s s in g a ctio n s m u st o c c u r . T h is r e q u ir e s such a ctio n s as d e v e lo p m e n t o f com m o n o p e r a tio n s w h ich can be r e u sed , e s ta b lis h m e n t o f lin k a g e p oin ts b e tw e e n o p e r a tio n s , ad ju stm en ts to data w h en p r o g r a m r e q u ire m e n ts e x c e e d c o m p u te r s to r a g e c a p a c ity , and s u b s ta n tia l m a n ip u la tio n and re s e q u e n c in g o f data e le m e n ts to fo r m a h ig h ly in t e g r a te d p r o g r a m . OR W o rk s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p le x data p r o c e s s in g s c h e m e o r s y s te m , as d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A . W o rk s in d ep en d en tly on rou tin e a s s ig n m e n ts and r e c e iv e s in s tr u c tio n and gu id an ce on c o m p le x a s s ig n m e n ts . W o r k is r e v ie w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p lia n c e w ith in s tr u c tio n s , and to in s u re p r o p e r a lig n m e n t w ith th e o v e r a ll s y s te m . C la s s C . W o rk s under im m e d ia te s u p e r v is io n , c a r r y in g out a n a ly s e s as a s s ig n e d , u s u a lly o f a s in g le a c tiv ity . A s s ig n m e n ts a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p and expan d p r a c t ic a l e x p e r ie n c e in the a p p lic a tio n o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u ir e d f o r s y s te m s a n a ly s is w o rk . F o r e x a m p le , m a y a s s is t a h ig h e r l e v e l s y s te m s a n a ly s t b y p r e p a r in g the d e ta ile d s p e c ific a tio n s r e q u ir e d b y p r o g r a m m e r s f r o m in fo r m a tio n d e v e lo p e d by th e h ig h e r l e v e l a n a lys t. M a y p r o v id e fu n c tio n a l d ir e c tio n a r e a s s ig n e d to a s s is t. C la s s B . W o rk s in d e p e n d e n tly o r under o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on r e la t iv e ly s im p le p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le s e g m e n ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s (o r s e g m e n ts ) u su a lly p r o c e s s in fo r m a tio n to p ro d u ce data in tw o o r th r e e v a r ie d se q u e n c e s o r fo r m a ts . R e p o rts and lis tin g s a re p ro d u c ed by r e fin in g , ad ap tin g, a r r a y in g , o r m a k in g m in o r a d d ition s to o r d e le tio n s fr o m input data w h ich a r e r e a d ily a v a ila b le . W h ile n u m erou s r e c o r d s m a y be p r o c e s s e d , th e data h a ve b e en r e fin e d in p r i o r a ctio n s so that the a c c u r a c y and s eq u en cin g o f data can be te s te d b y u sing a fe w rou tin e ch eck s. T y p ic a lly , the p r o g r a m d e a ls w ith rou tin e r e c o r d k e e p in g o p e r a tio n s . C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , B U SIN E S S OR C o n v e r ts s ta te m e n ts o f b u s in e s s p r o b le m s , ty p ic a lly p r e p a r e d by a s y s te m s a n a ly s t, in to a s e q u en ce o f d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s w h ich a r e r e q u ir e d to s o lv e th e p r o b le m s b y a u to m a tic data p r o c e s s in g equ ip m en t. W o rk in g f r o m c h a rts o r d ia g r a m s , th e p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s th e p r e c is e in s tr u c tio n s w h ich , when e n te r e d in to the c o m p u te r s y s te m in cod ed la n g u a g e , cau se th e m an ip u la tion o f data to a c h ie v e d e s ir e d r e s u lt s ._ W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : A p p lie s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u te r c a p a b i l i t i e s , m a th e m a tic s , lo g ic e m p lo y e d by c o m p u te rs , and p a r t ic u la r su b je c t m a t t e r in v o lv e d to a n a ly z e c h arts and d ia g ra m s o f th e p r o b le m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e lo p s sequ en ce o f p r o g r a m s te p s ; w r it e s d e ta ile d flo w ch a rts to show o r d e r in w h ich data w i l l be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r ts th e s e c h a rts to cod ed in s tru c tio n s f o r m a c h in e to fo llo w ; te s ts and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s tru c tio n s f o r o p e r a tin g p e rs o n n e l d u rin g p ro d u c tio n run; a n a ly z e s , r e v ie w s , and a lte r s p r o g r a m s to in c r e a s e o p e r a tin g e f f i c ie n c y o r adapt to n ew r e q u ir e m e n ts ; m a in ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e lo p m e n t and r e v is io n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g both s y s te m s a n a l y s is and p r o g r a m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as s y s te m s a n a ly s ts i f th is is the s k ill u sed to d e te r m in e t h e ir p a y .) D oes not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o th e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r ily c o n c e rn e d w ith s c ie n t ific an d/or e n g in e e rin g p r o b le m s . F o r w a g e study p u rp oses, p ro g ra m m e rs a r e c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la s s A . W o rk s in d e p en d en tly o r u n der o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s w h ich r e q u ir e c o m p e te n c e in a ll p h a ses o f p r o g ra m m in g c o n cep ts and p r a c t ic e s . W o rk in g f r o m d ia g ra m s and c h arts w h ich id e n tify th e n a tu re o f d e s ir e d r e s u lt s , m a jo r p r o c e s s in g steps to b e a c c o m p lis h e d , and th e r e la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r io u s step s o f th e p r o b le m s o lv in g ro u tin e ; p lans th e fu ll ra n g e o f p r o g r a m m in g a c tio n s n eed ed to e ffic ie n t ly u tiliz e th e c o m p u te r s y s te m in a c h ie v in g d e s ir e d end p ro d u c ts . to lo w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s who W o rk s on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A ) under c lo s e d ir e c tio n o f a h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M a y a s s is t h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r b y in d e p e n d e n tly p e r fo r m in g le s s d iffic u lt task s a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g m o r e d iffic u lt ta s k s under f a i r l y c lo s e d ir e c tio n . M a y gu id e o r in s tr u c t lo w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C la s s C . M a k e s p r a c t ic a l a p p lic a tio n s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c t ic e s and c o n cep ts u s u a lly le a r n e d in f o r m a l tr a in in g c o u r s e s . A s s ig n m e n ts a r e d e s ig n e d to d e v e lo p c o m p e te n c e in the a p p lic a tio n o f s tan d a rd p r o c e d u re s to rou tin e p r o b le m s . R e c e iv e s c lo s e s u p e rv is io n on new a s p e cts o f a s s ig n m e n ts ; and w o rk is r e v ie w e d to v e r i f y its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo rm a n c e w ith r e q u ir e d p r o c e d u r e s . CO M PUTER O PERATO R M o n ito r s and o p e r a te s th e c o n tro l c o n s o le o f a d ig it a l c o m p u te r to p r o c e s s d ata a c c o r d in g to o p e r a tin g in s tr u c tio n s , u su a lly p r e p a r e d b y a p r o g r a m m e r . W o rk in c lu d e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : S tu dies in s tr u c tio n s to d e te rm in e e qu ip m en t setup and o p e r a tio n s ; lo a d s equ ip m en t w ith r e q u ir e d ite m s (tap e r e e ls , c a r d s , e t c .); s w itc h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia r y equ ip m en t into c ir c u it , and s ta r ts and o p e r a te s c o m p u te r; m a k es ad ju stm en ts to c o m p u te r to c o r r e c t o p e r a tin g p r o b le m s and m e e t s p e c ia l co n d itio n s ; r e v ie w s e r r o r s m a d e d u rin g o p e r a tio n and d e te rm in e s cau se o r r e f e r s p r o b le m to s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m a in ta in s o p e r a tin g r e c o r d s . M a y te s t and a s s is t in c o r r e c t in g p r o g r a m . For w age study p u rposes, c o m p u te r o p e r a to r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la s s A . O p e ra te s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s : N ew p r o g r a m s a r e fr e q u e n tly te s te d and in tro d u c e d ; s ch ed u lin g r e q u ire m e n ts a re COM PUTER O PERATO R— Continued D RAFTER— Continued o f c r i t i c a l im p o r ta n c e to m in im iz e d ow n tim e; th e p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p le x d e s ig n so that id e n tific a tio n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o fte n r e q u ir e s a w o rk in g k n o w le d g e o f the to ta l p r o g r a m , and a lte r n a te p r o g r a m s m a y not b e a v a ila b le . M a y g iv e d ir e c tio n and gu id an ce to lo w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . m a t e r ia ls to be u sed , lo a d c a p a c itie s , s tr e n g th s , s t r e s s e s , e tc . R e c e iv e s in it ia l in s tr u c tio n s , r e q u ir e m e n ts , and a d v ic e f r o m s u p e r v is o r . C o m p le te d w o rk is c h eck ed f o r te c h n ic a l ad equ acy. C la s s B . O p e ra te s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r u n der o n ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s ; M o s t o f th e p r o g r a m s a r e e s ta b lis h e d p ro d u c tio n ru n s, t y p ic a lly run on a r e g u la r ly r e c u r r in g b a s is ; th e r e is lit t le o r no te s tin g o f n ew p r o g r a m s r e q u ir e d ; a lte r n a te p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v id e d in c a s e o r ig in a l p r o g r a m n eed s m a jo r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d w ith in a r e a s o n a b ly s h o rt tim e . In com m o n e r r o r s itu a tio n s , d ia g n o s e s cau se and ta k e s c o r r e c t iv e a c tio n . T h is u s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lyin g p r e v io u s ly p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t iv e s te p s , o r using s tan d a rd c o r r e c t io n te c h n iq u e s . OR O p e ra te s u n der d ir e c t s u p e r v is io n a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith th e c h a r a c t e r is t ic s d e s c r ib e d f o r c la s s A . M ay a s s is t a h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a to r b y in d ep en d en tly p e r fo r m in g le s s d iffic u lt ta s k s a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt ta s k s fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in s tr u c tio n s and w ith fre q u e n t r e v ie w o f o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d . e x p e c te d a b ility to r e c e iv e d o p e r a to r C la s s C . W o rk s on rou tin e p r o g r a m s u n der c lo s e s u p e rv is io n . Is to d e v e lo p w o rk in g k n o w le d g e o f th e c o m p u te r equ ip m en t used and d e te c t p r o b le m s in v o lv e d in running rou tin e p r o g r a m s . U s u a lly has s o m e fo r m a l tr a in in g in c o m p u te r o p e r a tio n . M a y a s s is t h ig h e r l e v e l on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . D RAFTER C la s s A . P la n s th e g ra p h ic p r e s e n ta tio n o f c o m p le x ite m s h a vin g d is tin c tiv e d e s ig n fe a tu r e s that d if fe r s ig n ific a n tly f r o m e s ta b lis h e d d ra ftin g p r e c e d e n ts . W o rk s in c lo s e su p p ort w ith th e d e s ig n o r ig in a t o r , and m a y re c o m m e n d m in o r d e s ig n c h an ges. A n a ly z e s th e e ffe c t o f ea c h change on the d e ta ils o f f o r m , fu n ctio n , and p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s o f com ponen ts and p a r ts . W o rk s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s is ta n c e . C o m p le te d w o rk is r e v ie w e d by d e s ig n o r ig in a t o r f o r c o n s is te n c y w ith p r i o r e n g in e e rin g d e te rm in a tio n s . M a y e it h e r p r e p a r e d ra w in g s o r d ir e c t th e ir p r e p a r a tio n by lo w e r l e v e l d r a ft e r s . C la s s B . P e r f o r m s n o n rou tin e and c o m p le x d ra ftin g ass ign m e n ts that r e q u ir e th e a p p lic a tio n o f m o s t o f th e s ta n d a rd iz e d d ra w in g te c h n iq u e s r e g u la r ly used. D uties t y p ic a lly in v o lv e such w o rk as: P r e p a r e s w o rk in g d ra w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith ir r e g u la r s h a p e s , m u ltip le fu n c tio n s , and p r e c is e p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n c om p on en ts; p r e p a r e s a r c h ite c tu r a l d ra w in g s f o r c o n stru c tio n o f a b u ild in g in c lu d in g d e ta il d ra w in g s o f fou n d a tio n s , w a ll s e c tio n s , f lo o r p la n s , and r o o f. U s e s a c c e p te d fo r m u la s and m anuals in m ak in g n e c e s s a r y com p u tation s t o d e te rm in e q u a n titie s o f C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d e ta il d ra w in g s o f s in g le units o r p a rts f o r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s tru c tio n , m a n u fa c tu rin g , o r r e p a ir p u rp o s e s . Types of d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d in c lu d e i s o m e t r ic p r o je c t io n s (d e p ic tin g th re e d im e n sio n s in a c c u ra te s c a le ) and s e c tio n a l v ie w s to c l a r i f y p o s itio n in g o f com ponen ts and c o n ve y n e e d e d in fo r m a tio n . C o n s o lid a te s d e ta ils f r o m a n u m b er o f s o u r c e s and ad ju sts o r tr a n s p o s e s s c a le as r e q u ir e d . S u g g e sted m eth od s o f ap p ro a c h , a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n ts , and a d v ic e on s o u r c e m a te r ia ls a r e g iv e n w ith in it ia l a s s ig n m e n ts . In s tru c tio n s a r e le s s c o m p le te w hen a s sign m en ts r e c u r . W o rk m a y be s p o t-c h e c k e d d u rin g p r o g r e s s . D R A F T E R -T R A C E R C o p ie s p lans and d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d b y o th e rs by p la c in g tr a c in g c lo th o r p a p e r o v e r d ra w in g s and tr a c in g w ith pen o r p e n c il. (D oes not in clu d e t r a c in g lim it e d to p lan s p r i m a r i l y c o n s is tin g o f s tr a ig h t lin e s and a la r g e s c a le not r e q u ir in g c lo s e d e lin e a tio n .) AND /O R P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e t it iv e d ra w in g s o f e a s ily v is u a liz e d ite m s . W o r k is c lo s e ly s u p e r v is e d du ring p r o g r e s s . E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N W o rk s on v a r io u s ty p e s o f e le c t r o n ic e q u ip m en t and r e la te d d e v ic e s b y p e r fo r m in g one o r a c o m b in a tio n o f th e fo llo w in g : In s ta llin g , m a in ta in in g , r e p a ir in g , o v e r h a u lin g , tr o u b le s h o o tin g , m o d ify in g , c o n s tru c tin g , and te s tin g . W o r k r e q u ir e s p r a c t ic a l a p p lic a tio n o f te c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e o f e le c t r o n ic s p r in c ip le s , a b ility to d e te r m in e m a lfu n c tio n s , and s k ill to put equ ip m en t in r e q u ir e d o p e r a tin g c on d ition . T h e equ ip m en t— c o n s is tin g o f e it h e r m a n y d iffe r e n t kinds o f c irc u its o r m u ltip le r e p e titio n o f th e s a m e kind o f c ir c u it — in c lu d e s , but is not lim ite d to , the fo llo w in g : (a ) E le c t r o n ic tr a n s m ittin g and r e c e iv in g equ ip m en t (e . g . , r a d a r , r a d io , t e le v is io n , te le p h o n e , s o n a r , n a v ig a tio n a l a id s ), (b ) d ig ita l and a n alog c o m p u te rs , and (c ) in d u s tr ia l and m e d ic a l m e a s u rin g and c on t r o llin g equ ip m en t. T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x c lu d e s r e p a ir e r s o f such stan d a rd e le c t r o n ic equ ip m en t as com m o n o f f ic e m a c h in e s and h o u seh old ra d io and t e le v is io n s e ts ; p ro d u c tio n a s s e m b le r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h o s e p r im a r y duty is s e r v ic in g e le c t r o n ic t e s t in s tr u m e n ts ; te c h n ic ia n s who h ave a d m in is tr a tiv e o r s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ilit y ; and d r a ft e r s , d e s ig n e r s , and p r o fe s s io n a l e n g in e e r s . P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . are c la s s ifie d into le v e l s on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la s s A . A p p lie s ad van ced t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e unusually c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , th o s e th at t y p ic a lly cannot be s o lv e d s o le ly by r e fe r e n c e to m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m anu als o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n ts ) in w o rk in g on ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN— Continued ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN— Continued e le c t r o n ic e qu ip m en t. E x a m p le s o f such p r o b le m s in clu d e lo c a tio n and d e n s ity o f c ir c u it r y , e le c t r o m a g n e tic r a d ia tio n , is o la t in g m a lfu n c tio n s , and fre q u e n t e n g in e e r in g chan ges. W o rk in v o lv e s : A d e ta ile d u n derstan d in g o f the in t e r r e la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s ; e x e r c is in g indep en d en t ju d g m en t in p e r fo r m in g such ta s k s as m ak in g c ir c u it a n a ly s e s , c a lc u la tin g w a v e fo r m s , tr a c in g re la tio n s h ip s in s ig n a l flo w ; and r e g u la r ly u sing c o m p le x te s t in stru m e n ts ( e . g . , dual t r a c e o s c illo s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , d e v ia tio n m e t e r s , p u lse g e n e r a t o r s ). W o r k m a y be r e v ie w e d b y s u p e r v is o r (fr e q u e n tly an e n g in e e r o r d e s ig n e r ) f o r g e n e r a l c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s . M a y p r o v id e te c h n ic a l gu id an ce to lo w e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n s . C la s s C . A p p lie s w o rk in g te c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to p e r f o r m s im p le o r rou tin e ta s k s in w o rk in g on e le c t r o n ic equ ip m en t, fo llo w in g d e ta ile d in s tru c tio n s w h ich c o v e r v ir t u a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W o rk t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s such ta s k s as: A s s is t in g h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n s b y p e r fo r m in g such a c t iv it ie s as r e p la c in g c om p on en ts, w ir in g c ir c u it s , and tak in g te s t re a d in g s ; r e p a ir in g s im p le e le c t r o n ic eq u ip m en t; and using to o ls and com m o n te s t in s tru m e n ts (e . g . , m u lt im e t e r s , audio s ig n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tube t e s t e r s , o s c illo s c o p e s ). Is not r e q u ir e d to be f a m ilia r w ith the in t e r r e la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s . T h is k n o w le d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y be a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a s s ign m e n ts d e sig n e d to in c r e a s e c o m p eten c e (in c lu d in g c la s s r o o m tr a in in g ) so that w o r k e r can ad vance to h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n . R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n c e , as r e q u ir e d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n . W o r k is t y p ic a lly spot c h eck ed , but is g iv e n d e ta ile d r e v ie w w hen n ew o r ad van ced a s s ig n m e n ts a r e in v o lv e d . R E G IS T E R E D I N D U S T R IA L N U R S E C la s s B . A p p lie s c o m p re h e n s iv e te c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to s o lv e c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , th o s e that ty p ic a lly can be s o lv e d s o le ly by p r o p e r ly in t e r p r e tin g m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m anuals o r s im ila r d ocu m en ts) in w o rk in g on e le c t r o n ic e qu ip m en t. W o rk in v o lv e s : A f a m ilia r it y w ith the in t e r r e la t io n ships o f c ir c u it s ; and ju d gm en t in d e te rm in in g w o rk sequ en ce and in s e le c tin g to o ls and te s tin g in s tru m e n ts , u s u a lly le s s c o m p le x than th o s e used b y the c la s s A te c h n ic ia n . A r e g is t e r e d n u rse who g iv e s n u rs in g s e r v i c e under g e n e r a l m e d ic a l d ir e c tio n to i l l o r in ju re d e m p lo y e e s o r o th e r p e rs o n s who b e c o m e i l l o r s u ffe r an a c c id e n t on the p r e m is e s o f a fa c t o r y o r o th e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D uties in v o lv e a com b in a tio n o f the fo llo w in g : G iv in g f i r s t aid to the i l l o r in ju re d ; atten d in g to subsequent d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; k eep in g r e c o r d s o f p a tie n ts tr e a te d ; p r e p a r in g a c c id e n t r e p o r ts f o r c om p en s a tion o r o th e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s is tin g in p h y s ic a l e x a m in a tio n s and h e a lth e v a lu a tio n s o f a p p lica n ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and plan n in g and c a r r y in g out p r o g r a m s in v o lv in g h e a lth ed u ca tion , a c c id e n t p r e v e n tio n , e v a lu a tio n o f plant e n v iro n m e n t, o r o th e r a c t iv it ie s a ffe c tin g th e h e a lth , w e l f a r e , and s a fe ty o f a ll p e rs o n n e l. N u rs in g s u p e r v is o r s o r head n u rs e s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one n u rs e a r e exc lu d e d . R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ir e d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n , and w o rk is r e v ie w e d f o r s p e c ific c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s and w o r k a s s ig n m e n ts . M a y p r o v id e te c h n ic a l guidance to lo w e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n s . MAINTENANCE, TOOLROOM, AND POWERPLANT M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC I A N — C ontinued P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n try duties n e c e s s a r y to c o n stru c t and m a in ta in in g ood r e p a ir b u ild in g w o o d w o rk and equ ip m en t such as b in s , c r ib s , c o u n te rs , b e n c h e s , p a r titio n s , d o o rs , f lo o r s , s t a ir s , c a s in g s , and t r im m ad e o f w o od in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g out o f w o rk fr o m b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s , m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s tr u c tio n s ; using a v a r i e t y o f c a r p e n te r 's h a n d too ls, p o r ta b le p o w e r to o ls , and stan d a rd m e a s u rin g in s tru m e n ts ; m ak in g stan d a rd shop com pu tations r e la tin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e le c tin g m a t e r ia ls n e c e s s a r y f o r the w o rk . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f the m ain ten an ce c a r p e n te r r e q u ir e s roun ded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . w ir in g o r e le c t r ic a l equ ip m en t; and u sin g a v a r ie t y o f e le c t r ic ia n 's handtools and m e a s u rin g and te s tin g in s tru m e n ts . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten a n ce e le c t r ic ia n r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC I A N P e r f o r m s a v a r ie t y o f e le c t r ic a l tr a d e fu nctions such as the in s ta lla tio n , m a in te n a n c e , o r r e p a ir o f equ ip m en t fo r the g e n e ra tio n , d i s t r i b u tion , o r u tiliz a tio n o f e le c t r ic e n e r g y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In s ta llin g o r r e p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie t y o f e le c t r ic a l equ ip m en t such as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w itc h b o a rd s , c o n t r o lle r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o to r s , h eatin g units, conduit s y s te m s , o r o th e r t r a n s m is s io n e q u ip m en t; w o rk in g fr o m b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in g s , la y o u ts , o r o th e r s p e c ific a tio n s ; lo c a tin g and d ia g n osin g tro u b le in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s te m o r equ ip m en t; w o rk in g stan dard com p u tation s r e la tin g to loa d r e q u ire m e n ts o f M A IN T E N A N C E P A I N T E R P a in ts and r e d e c o r a te s w a lls , w o o d w o rk , and fix tu r e s o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s th e fo llo w in g : K n o w le d g e o f s u r fa c e p e c u lia r it ie s and ty p e s o f paint r e q u ir e d f o r d iffe r e n t a p p lic a tio n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r fa c e fo r p ain tin g by r e m o v in g o ld fin is h o r b y p la c in g putty o r f i l l e r in n a il h o les and in t e r s t ic e s ; and ap p lyin g paint w ith s p ra y gun o r b ru sh . M a y m ix c o lo r s , o ils , w h ite le a d , and o th e r p ain t in g r e d ie n ts to obtain p r o p e r c o lo r o r con s is te n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten a n ce p a in te r r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H IN IS T P r o d u c e s re p la c e m e n t p a rts and new p a rts in m ak ing r e p a ir s o f m e t a l p a rts o f m e c h a n ic a l equ ip m en t o p e r a te d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : In te r p r e tin g w r itte n in s tru c tio n s and s p e c if ic a tio n s ; plann ing and la y in g out o f w o rk ; using a v a r i e t y o f m a c h in is t's handtools 29 M AINTENANCE MACHINIST— Continued M AINTENANCE P IP E F IT T E R — Continued and p r e c is io n m e a s u rin g in s tr u m e n ts ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a tin g sta n d a rd m a c h in e to o ls ; shapin g o f m e t a l p a r ts to c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; m ak in g s tan d a rd shop com p u tation s r e la tin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , to o lin g , fe e d s , ana sp eed s o f m a c h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f th e w o rk in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the com m o n m e t a ls ; s e le c tin g s ta n d a rd m a t e r ia ls , p a r ts , and e qu ip m en t r e q u ir e d f o r th is w o rk ; and fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a r ts in to m e c h a n ic a l e qu ip m en t. In g e n e r a l, the m a c h in is t's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a roun ded tr a in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p p r a c t ic e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . m e e t s p e c ific a tio n s . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m ain ten an ce p ip e f it t e r r e q u ir e s rou n ded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . W o rk ers p r im a r ily e n g a g e d in in s ta llin g and r e p a ir in g b u ild in g s a n ita tio n o r h eatin g s y s te m s a r e e x c lu d e d . M A I N T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M A C H IN E R Y ) R e p a ir s m a c h in e r y o r m e c h a n ic a l equ ip m en t o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n ic a l e q u ip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d is m a n tlin g o r p a r t ly d is m a n tlin g m a c h in e s and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e th e use o f han d tools in s c ra p in g and fittin g p a r ts ; r e p la c in g b ro k e n o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts w ith ite m s ob ta in ed f r o m s to c k ; o r d e r in g th e p ro d u c tio n o f a re p la c e m e n t p a r t by a m a c h in e shop o r sen d in g th e m a c h in e to a m a c h in e shop f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p r e p a r in g w r itte n s p e c ific a tio n s f o r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r f o r th e p ro d u c tio n o f p a r ts o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e sh ops; r e a s s e m b lin g m a c h in e s ; and m ak in g a ll n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm en ts f o r o p e r a tio n . In g e n e r a l, the w o r k o f a m a c h in e r y m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . E x c lu d e d f r o m th is c la s s ific a t io n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r im a r y d u ties in v o lv e s e ttin g up o r a d ju stin g m a c h in e s . M A I N T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M O T O R V E H IC L E ) R e p a ir s a u to m o b ile s , b u s e s , m o to r tr u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E x a m in in g a u to m o tiv e e q u ip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g equ ip m en t and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e the use o f such han d tools as w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c ia liz e d e q u ip m en t in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a r ts ; r e p la c in g b ro k e n o r d e fe c t iv e p a r ts f r o m s to c k ; g rin d in g and a d ju stin g v a lv e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g and in s ta llin g th e v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h ic le and m ak in g n e c e s s a r y a d ju s tm e n ts ; and a lig n in g w h e e ls , a d ju stin g b ra k e s and lig h ts , o r tig h te n in g b od y b o lts . In g e n e r a l, th e w o r k o f th e m o to r v e h ic le m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s roun ded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rou gh a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . T h is c la s s ific a t io n does not in c lu d e m e c h a n ic s who r e p a ir c u s to m e r s ' v e h ic le s in a u to m o b ile r e p a ir shops. M A IN T E N A N C E P IP E F IT T E R In s ta lls o r r e p a ir s w a t e r , s te a m , g a s , o r o th e r ty p e s o f p ip e and p ip e fittin g s in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : L a y in g out w o r k and m e a s u rin g to lo c a te p o s itio n ox p ip e f r o m d ra w in g s o r o th e r w r itte n s p e c ific a tio n s ; cutting v a r io u s s iz e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t len gth s w ith c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e ty le n e t o r c h o r p ip e -c u ttin g m a c h in e s ; th re a d in g p ip e w ith stock s and d ie s ; b en d in g p ip e by h a n d -d riv e n o r p o w e r - d r iv e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b lin g p ip e w ith cou p lin gs and fa s te n in g p ip e to h a n g e rs ; m ak in g s tan d a rd shop com p u tation s r e la tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flo w , and s iz e o f p ip e r e q u ir e d ; and m ak in g stan d a rd te s ts to d e te r m in e w h e th e r fin is h e d p ip es M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T -M E T A L W O R K E R F a b r ic a t e s , in s t a lls , and m a in ta in s in g ood r e p a ir the s h e e t- m e t a l e q u ip m en t and fix tu r e s (su ch as m a c h in e g u a rd s , g r e a s e pans, s h e lv e s , lo c k e r s , ta n k s, v e n t ila t o r s , c h u tes , d u cts, m e t a l r o o fin g ) o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o rk in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g out a ll ty p es o f s h e e t- m e t a l m a in te n a n c e w o rk f r o m b lu e p r in ts , m o d e ls , o r o th e r s p e c if ic a tio n s ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a tin g a ll a v a ila b le ty p e s o f s h e e t- m e ta l w o rk in g m a c h in e s ; u sing a v a r ie t y o f h a n d tools in cu ttin g, b en d in g , fo r m in g , sh ap in g, fittin g , and a s s e m b lin g ; and in s ta llin g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t ic le s as re q u ire d . Tp g e n e r a l, th e w o rk o f th e m a in te n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u ir e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro u g h a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M IL L W R IG H T In s ta lls n ew m a c h in e s o r h e a v y eq u ip m en t, and d is m a n tle s and in s ta lls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m en t w h en chan ges in the p lan t la y ou t a re r e q u ir e d . W o r k in v o lv e s m o s t o f th e fo llo w in g : P la n n in g and la y in g out w o rk ; in t e r p r e tin g b lu e p rin ts o r o th e r s p e c ific a t io n s ; u sing a v a r ie t y o f h and tools and r ig g in g ; m a k in g s ta n d a rd shop com p u tation s r e la tin g to s t r e s s e s , s tre n g th o f m a t e r ia ls , and c e n te r s o f g r a v it y ; a lig n in g and b a la n cin g equ ip m en t; s e le c tin g s ta n d a rd t o o ls , e q u ip m en t, and p a r ts to b e used; and in s ta llin g and m a in ta in in g in g ood o r d e r p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n equ ip m en t such as d r iv e s and speed red u cers. In g e n e r a l, the m ill w r i g h t 's w o r k n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a rou n ded tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e in th e tr a d e a c q u ir e d th ro u gh a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R A s s is t s one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in -th e s k ille d m a in ten an ce t r a d e s , by p e r fo r m in g s p e c if ic o r g e n e r a l d u ties o f l e s s e r s k ill, such as k e e p in g a w o r k e r s u p p lied w ith m a t e r ia ls and to o ls ; c le a n in g w o rk in g a r e a , m a c h in e , and e q u ip m en t; a s s is tin g jo u rn e y m a n b y h o ld in g m a te r ia ls o r to o ls ; and p e r fo r m in g o th e r u n s k ille d ta s k s as d ir e c t e d b y jo u rn ey m a n . T h e kind o f w o r k th e h e lp e r is p e r m itte d to p e r f o r m v a r ie s f r o m tra d e to tr a d e : In s o m e tr a d e s th e h e lp e r is c on fin e d to s u p p ly in g , lift in g , and h old in g m a te r ia ls and t o o ls , and c le a n in g w o rk in g a r e a s ; and in o th e rs he is p e r m itte d to p e r f o r m s p e c ia liz e d m a c h in e o p e r a tio n s , o r p a r ts o f a tr a d e that a re a lso p e r fo r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u ll- t im e b a s is . M A C H IN E - T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M ) S p e c ia liz e s in o p e r a tin g one o r m o r e than one typ e o f m ach in e t o o l (e . g . , ji g b o r e r , g rin d in g m a c h in e , e n g in e la th e , m illin g m a c h in e ) to m a c h in e m e t a l f o r use in m a k in g o r m a in ta in in g j i g s , fix tu r e s , cutting t o o ls , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o ld s u sed in shapin g o r fo r m in g m e t a l o r n o n m e ta llic m a t e r ia l (e . g . , p la s t ic , p la s t e r , ru b b e r, g la s s ). W o rk t y p ic a lly in v o lv e s : P la n n in g and p e r fo r m in g d iffic u lt m a c h in in g o p e r a tio n s w h ich r e q u ir e c o m p lic a te d setups o r a high d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; se ttin g up m a c h in e M ACHINE-TOOL OPERATO R (TOOLROOM)— Continued TO O L AND DIE M AKER— Continued t o o l o r to o l s ( e . g . f i n s t a l l cutting to o l s and adjust gu id es , sto p s, w o r k i n g t a b l e s , and o t h e r c o n tr o ls to handle the s i z e o f s to c k to be m ac h in e d ; d e t e r m i n e p r o p e r f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t i o n s e quence o r s e l e c t •■hose p r e s c r i b e d in d r a w i n g s , b l u e p rin ts , o r l a y o u t s ) ; using a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s tr u m e n ts ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y ad justm ents dur ing m ac h in in g o p e r a t i o n to a c h ie v e r e q u i s i t e d im e n s i o n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s . M a y be r e q u i r e d to s e l e c t p r o p e r coola nts and cutting and l u b r i c a ti n g o i l s , to r e c o g n i z e wh en to o l s ne e d d r e s s i n g , and to d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) at the s k i l l l e v e l c a l l e d f o r in this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n r e q u i r e s e x t e n s i v e k n o w le d g e o f m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u suall y a c q u i r e d th ro ugh c o n s i d e r a b l e o n - t h e - j o b t r a i n i n g and ex p erien ce. w o r k i n g to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; h e a t - t r e a t i n g m e t a l p a r ts and f in is h e d to o ls and d ies to a c h i e v e r e q u i r e d q u a l i t i e s ; fittin g and a s s e m b l i n g p arts to p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s and a l l o w a n c e s . In g e n e r a l , the t o o l and die m a k e r ' s w o r k r e q u i r e s rounded tr a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u sually a c q u i r e d th ro u gh f o r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e qu iv a le n t tr a i n i n g and experien ce. F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e study p u r p o s e s , this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n does not inclu de t o o l and die m a k e r s who (1) a r e e m p l o y e d in t o o l and die job b in g shops o r (2) p r o d u c e f o r g i n g d ie s (die s i n k e r s ) . S T A T IO N A R Y E N G IN EE R F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e study p u r p o s e s , th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n does not in clude m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o l r o o m ) e m p l o y e d in t o o l and die job b ing shops. O p e r a t e s and m ain ta in s and m a y als o s u p e r v i s e the o p e r a t i o n o f s t a t i o n a r y e n g in e s and equip m en t ( m e c h a n i c a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) to supply the e s ta b l i s h m e n t in w h ich e m p l o y e d w ith p o w e r , h e at, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a i r con ditionin g. W o r k i n v o l v e s : O p e r a t i n g and m ain ta in in g equip m en t such as s t e a m e n g in e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b in e s , v e n tila t in g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g equ ip m en t, s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r pum ps; m a k in g equipm en t r e p a i r s ; and k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t i o n o f m a c h i n e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , and f u e l con su mption. M a y als o s u p e r v i s e th es e o p e r a t i o n s . H e ad o r c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one e n g i n e e r are excluded. T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R C o n s tr u c ts and r e p a i r s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cutting t o o l s , g a u g es , o r m e t a l d ies o r m o l d s used in shaping o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a l l i c m a t e r ia l (e .g ., p la stic, p la s te r, rubber, g la ss). W o rk typ ica lly in v o lv e s : P la n n in g and l a y i n g out w o r k a c c o r d i n g to m o d e l s , b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , o r o t h e r w r i t t e n o r o r a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u ndersta ndin g the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a l s and a l l o y s ; s e l e c t i n g a p p r o p r i a t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , and p r o c e s s e s r e q u i r e d to c o m p le t e ta sk ; m ak in g n e c e s s a r y shop com puta tions; s e ttin g up and o p e r a t i n g v a r i o u s m a c h in e t o o l s and r e l a t e d equipm en t; using v a r i o u s t o o l and die m a k e r ' s handtools and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g in s tr u m e n ts ; B O IL E R T E N D E R F i r e s s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r s to f u r n is h the e s ta b lis h m e n t in wh ich e m p l o y e d w ith heat, p o w e r , o r s te a m . F e e d s fuels to f i r e by hand o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n i c a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r ; and checks w a t e r and s a f e ty v a l v e s . M a y c le a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m equ ip m en t. MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL T R U C K D R IV E R S H I P P I N G A N D R E C E I V I N G C L E R K — Continued D r i v e s a tr u c k w ith in a c ity o r i n d u s t r i a l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e , equ ip m en t, o r w o r k e r s b e tw e e n v a r i o u s ty p es o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts such as: M a n u fa ctu rin g p la nts, f r e i g h t de po ts , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a l e and r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , o r b e tw e e n r e t a i l e s ta b l i s h m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ' ho uses o r p l a c e s o f b u s in e s s . M a y als o lo a d o r unload tr u c k w ith o r with out h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n i c a l r e p a i r s , and k e e p tr u c k in good w o r k i n g o r d e r . S a l e s - r o u t e and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c l u d e d . i n v o l v e s : A k n o w le d g e o f shipping p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t i c e s , r ou te s , a v a i l a b l e m e a n s o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , and r a t e s ; and p r e p a r i n g r e c o r d s o f the goods ship ped, m a k in g up b i l l s o f la d in g , p os tin g w e i g h t and shipping c h a r g e s , and k e e p in g a f i l e o f ship ping r e c o r d s . M a y d i r e c t o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r i n g the m e r c h a n d i s e f o r ship m en t. R e c e i v i n g w o r k i n v o l v e s : V e r i f y i n g o r d i r e c t i n g o t h e rs in v e r i f y i n g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f s hip m en ts against b i l l s o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , o r o t h e r r e c o r d s ; checking f o r s h o r t a g e s and r e j e c t i n g d a m a g e d good s ; routing m e r c h a n d i s e o r m a t e r i a l s to p r o p e r d e p a rtm e n ts ; and m a in ta in in g n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and file s . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r i v e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y s i z e and typ e o f e q u ip m e n t, as f o l l o w s : ( T r a c t o r - t r a i l e r should be rate d on the b a s is o f t r a i l e r c a p a c i t y .) T ru ck d river, T ru ck d river, T ru ck d river, T ru ck d river, F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as fo l l o w s : li ght tr u c k (under IV 2 to n s ) m e d i u m tr u c k ( I V 2 to and in clu d in g 4 to ns) h e a v y tr u c k ( t r a i l e r ) ( o v e r 4 to n s ) h e a v y tru c k (o t h e r than t r a i l e r ) ( o v e r 4 to n s ) Shipping c l e r k R e ce iv in g clerk Sh ipping and r e c e i v i n g c l e r k S H IP P IN G AN D R E C E IV IN G C L E R K WAREHOUSEMAN P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d i s e f o r ship m en t, o r r e c e i v e s and is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r i n c o m i n g sh ip m en ts o f m e r c h a n d i s e o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l s . Shipping w o r k A s d i r e c t e d , p e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f w a r e h o u s i n g duties whic h r e q u i r e an u ndersta nding o f the e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s s t o r a g e p l a n . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t 31 WAREHOUSEMAN— Continued M A T E R IA L HANDLING LABORER— Continued o f the f o l l o w i n g : V e r i f y i n g m a t e r i a l s ( o r m e r c h a n d i s e ) ag ainst r e c e i v i n g d oc u m e n ts , noting and r e p o r t i n g d i s c r e p a n c i e s and obvious d a m a g e s ; routing m a t e r i a l s to p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n s ; s t o r i n g , s tack ing , o r p a l l e t i z i n g m a t e r i a l s in a c c o r d a n c e w it h p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e m et h o d s ; r e a r r a n g i n g and ta kin g i n v e n t o r y o f s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s ; e x a m in in g s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s and r e p o r tin g d e t e r i o r a t i o n and d a m a g e ; rem ovin g m a te ria l fr o m s t o r a g e and p r e p a r i n g it f o r shipm en t. M a y o p e r a t e hand o r p o w e r tr u c k s in p e r f o r m i n g w a r e h o u s in g duties. c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o t h e r t r a n s p o r t i n g d e v i c e s ; un packing, s h e lv in g , o r p l a c i n g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e l o c a t io n ; and t r a n s p o r t i n g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e by handtr uck, c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w . Longshore w o r k e r s , who lo a d and unload ship s, a r e e x c l u d e d . E xc lu d e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y duties i n v o l v e shipping and r e c e i v i n g w o r k ( s e e Shipping and R e c e i v i n g C l e r k and Shipping P a c k e r ) , o r d e r f i l l i n g ( s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ) , o r o p e r a t i n g p o w e r tr u c k s ( s e e P o w e r - T r u c k O p e r a t o r ) . PO W E R -TRU C K O PE RA TO R O p e r a t e s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o l l e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d tr u c k o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t goods and m a t e r i a l s o f a l l kinds about a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu rin g plant , o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. F o r wage tr u c k , as f o l l o w s : study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d by ty pe o f p o w e r - ORDER F IL L E R F i l l s shipping o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d goods f r o m s t o r e d mr rch a n d is e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c i f i c a t i o n s on s a le s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r o t h e r i n s tr u c tio n s . M a y , in ad dition to f i l l i n g o r d e r s and in d ic atin g ■terns f i l l e d o r o m i t t e d , k e ep r e c o r d s o f ou tg oing o r d e r s , r e q u i s i t i o n a d d i ti o n a l stock o r r e p o r t sho rt s u p p li es to s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t e d duties. SH IPPIN G P A C K E R P r e p a r e s f in is h e d p ro d u c ts f o r ship m en t o r s t o r a g e by p la c i n g th e m in shipping c o n t a i n e r s , the s p e c i f i c o p e r a tio n s p e r f o r m e d b e in g dependent upon the t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f units to be p ac k ed , the ty p e o f c on ta in e r e m p l o y e d , and m eth o d o f ship m ent. W o r k r e q u i r e s the p la c in g o f i t e m s in shipping c o n ta in e r s and m a y i n v o l v e one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : K n o w l e d g e o f v a r i o u s i t e m s o f stoc k in o r d e r to v e r i f y content; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r i a t e typ e and s i z e o f c on ta in e r ; i n s e r t i n g e n c l o s u r e s in c on ta in e r ; using e x c e l s i o r o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c lo s i n g and s e a l i n g con tain e r; and ap p lyin g la b e ls o r e n te r i n g id e n tify in g data on c on ta in e r . P a c k e r s who a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a te s a r e exclu ded. M A T E R I A L H A N D LIN G L A B O R E R A w o r k e r e m p l o y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m an u fac tu rin g plant, s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t w h o s e duties i n v o l v e one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g and unloading v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s and m e r c h a n d i s e on o r f r o m f r e i g h t F o rk lift operator P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r ( o t h e r than f o r k l i f t ) GUARD AND W A TC H M A N G u a r d . P e r f o r m s routine p o l i c e d u tie s , e i t h e r at f i x e d post o r on t o u r , m a in ta in in g o r d e r , using a r m s o r f o r c e w h e r e n e c e s s a r y . Includes guards who a r e s tatio n e d at g ate and check on i d e n tity o f e m p l o y e e s and other persons en terin g . W a t c h m a n . M a k e s rounds o f p r e m i s e s p r o p e r t y ag ain s t f i r e , t h e ft, and i l l e g a l e n tr y . periodically in p r o t e c t i n g J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R C leans and k e ep s in an o r d e r l y con dition f a c t o r y w o r k i n g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r tm e n t house, o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o t h e r e s ta b l i s h m e n t. Duties i n v o l v e a c o m b in a tio n o f the f o l l o w i n g : S w ee p in g , m o p p in g o r s c ru b b in g , and p o l i s h i n g f l o o r s ; r e m o v i n g chips, t r a s h , and ot h e r r e f u s e ; dusting e q u ip m en t, f u r n i t u r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e t a l f i x t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v i d i n g supplies and m i n o r m a in te n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and cleanin g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s who s p e c i a l i z e in win dow w as h in g a r e e x c l u d e d . Area Wage Surveys A list o f the latest available bulletins is presented below. A d irectory of area wage studies including m ore lim ited studies conducted at the request of the Employment Standards Adm inistration of the U.S. Department of Labor is available on request. Bulletins may be purchased from any of the BLS regional offices shown on the back cover o r fro m the Superintendent o f Documents, U.S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington, D.C. 20402 A re a Akron, Ohio, Dec. 1975____________________________________________ Albany^ Schenectady—Tro y, N .Y., Sept. 1976______________________ Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grove, Calif., Oct. 1976____________ Atlanta, Ga., May 1976____________________________________________ Austin, Tex., Dec. 19751 _________________________________________ Baltimore, Md., Aug. 1976________________________________________ Billings, Mont., July 1976_________________________________________ Binghamton, N .Y r -P a ., July 1976 1________________________________ Birmingham, Ala., Mar. 19761____________________________________ Boston, Mass., Aug. 1976_________________________________________ Buffalo, N.Y ., Oct. 1976__________________________________________ Canton, Ohio, May 1976___________________________________________ Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga., Sept. 1976_______________________________ Chicago, 111., May 1976____________________________________________ Cincinnati, Ohio—K y.—Ind., Mar. 1976____________________________ Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 1976_______________________________________ Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 1976________________________________________ Corpus Christi, Tex., July 1976__________________________________ Dallas—F o r t Worth, Tex., Oct. 1976______________________________ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa-Ill., Feb. 1976____________ Dayton, Ohio, Dec. 1975________________________________________ _ Daytona Beach, Fla., Aug. 1976___________________________________ Denver—Boulder, Colo., Dec. 1976________________________________ Detroit, Mich., Mar. 19761________________________________________ F o r t Lauderdale—Hollywood and West Palm Beach— Boca Raton, Fla., Apr. 1976____________________________________ Fresno, Calif., June 1976______________________ __________________ Gainesville, Fla., Sept. 1976____________________________________ _ Green Bay, Wis., July 1976_______________________________________ Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point, N.C., Aug. 1976_______ Greenville—Spartanburg, S.C., June 1976 1_______________________ Hartford, Conn., Mar. 1976_______________________________________ Houston, Tex., Ap r. 1976_________________________________________ Huntsville, Ala., Feb. 1976 _______________________________________ Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 1976______________________________________ Jackson, Miss., Feb. 1976_________________________________________ Jacksonville, Fla., Dec. 1975_____________________________________ Kansas City, Mo,—Kans., 'Sept. 1976 1____________________________ Lexington—Fayette, Ky., Nov. 19751______________________________ Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif., Oct. 1975 1 ____________________ Louisville, Ky.—Ind., Nov. 1976___________________________________ Melbourne—Titusville—Cocoa, Fla., Aug. 1975___________________ Memphis, Tenn,—Ar k,—Miss., Nov. 1975__________________________ * Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change. 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Bulletin number and p ric e * 1850-80, 1900-59, 1900-67, 1900-30, 1850-83, 1900-52, 1900-39, 1900-49, 1900-11, 1900-53, 1900-70, 1900-28, 1900-57, 1900-32, 1900-7, 1900-62, 1900-68, 1900-41, 1900-63, 1900-25, 1850-73, 1900-45, 1900-73, 1900-15, 45 cents 55 cents 75 cents 85 cents 75 cents 85 cents 55 cents 85 cents 95 cents 85 cents 75 cents 55 cents 55 cents $1.05 75 cents 95 cents 75 cents 55 cents 85 cents 55 cents 45 cents 45 cents 85 cents $1.25 1900-20, 1900-29, 1900-54, 1900-37, 1900-47, 1900-36, 1900-14, 1900-26, 1900- 17, 1900-58, 1900-8, 1850-81, 1900-60, 1850-84, 1850-86, 1900-69, 1850-54, 1850-85, 55 cents 55 cents 45 cents 55 cents 65 cents 85 cents 55 cents 85 cents 55 cents 75 cents 55 cents 45 cents $1.05 75 cents $1.15 55 cents 65 cents 45 cents A re a Bulletin number and p r ic e * M iam i, F la ., Oct. 1976____________________________________________ 1900-66, 75 cents Milwaukee, W is., A p r. 1976______________________________________ 1900-22, 85 cents Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.—W is., Jan. 1976____________________ 1900-3, 95 cents Nassau-Suffolk, N .Y ., June 1976_________________________________ 1900-35, 85 cents Newark, N.J., Jan. 1976_____________________________________ ____ 1900-10, 85 cents New Orleans, La., Jan. 1976_____________________________________ 1900-2, 75 cents New York, N .Y ^ N .J ., May 1976._________________________________ 1900-48, $1.05 Norfolk—V irgin ia Beach—Portsmouth, V a ^ N .C ., May 19761____ 1900-27, 85 cents Norfolk—V irgin ia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 19761 .________________________________ 1900-33, 85 cents Northeast Pennsylvania, Aug. 1976_______________________________ 1900-43, 65 cents Oklahoma City, Okla., Aug. 1976__________________ ,______________ 1900-42, 55 cents Omaha, N ebr,—Iowa, Oct. 1976____________________________________ 1900-61, 55 cents Paterson—Clifton—P assaic, N.J., June 1976______________________ 1900-38, 55 cents Philadelphia, P a,—N.J., Nov. 1976 1______________________________ 1900-64, $1.10 Pittsburgh, Pa., Jan. 19761 ______________________________________ 1900-1, $1.15 Portland, Maine, Dec. 1976 1_____________________________________ 1900-72, 85 cents Portland, O reg,—Wash., May 1976________________________________ 1900-51, 75 cents Poughkeepsie, N .Y ., June 1976___________________________________ 1900-50, 45 cents Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N .Y ., June 1976_____________ 1900-55, 55 cents P roviden ce—Warwick—Pawtucket, R .1,-M ass., June 1976________ 1900-31, 75 cents Raleigh—Durham, N.C., Feb. 1976________________________________ 1900-18, 55 cents Richmond, Va., June 1976_________________________________________ 1900-34, 65 cents St. Louis, Mo.—111., M ar. 19761 __________________________________ 1900- 19, $1.25 Sacramento, C alif., Dec. 1976____________________________________ 1900-71, 55 cents Saginaw, M ich., Nov. 1976 1______________________________________ 1900-74, 75 cents Salt Lake City—Ogden, Utah, Nov. 1976___________________________ 1900-65, 55 cents San Antonio, Tex., May 1976___________________ _________ __________ __________ __________ San Diego, C alif., Nov. 1975______________________________________ 1850-77, 45 cents San F ran cisco—Oakland, C alif., M ar. 1976_______________________ 1900-9, 95 cents San Jose, C alif., M ar. 1976_______________________________________ 1900-13, 75 cents Seattle—E verett, Wash., Jan. 1976________________________________ 1900-6, 65 cents South Bend, Ind., M ar. 1976_____________ ________________________ 1900-5, 55 cents Stamford, Conn., May 1976*______________________________________ 1900-40, 85 cents Syracuse, N .Y ., July 1976_________________________________________ 1900-44, 55 cents Toledo, Ohio—M ich., May 1976____________________________________ 1900-24, 55 cents Trenton, N.J., Sept. 1976__________________________________________ 1900-56, 55 cents Utica^Rom e, N .Y ., July 19751____________________________________ 1850-48, 80 cents Washington, D.C,—Md,—Va., M ar. 1976___________________________ 1900- 12, 8 5 cents W estchester County, N .Y ., May 1976____________________________ 1900-46, 55 cents Wichita, Kans., A p r. 1976________________________________________ 1900-21, 55 cents W o rcester, M ass., A p r. 1976____________________________________ 1900- 16, 55 cents Y ork, P a., Feb. 1976______________________________________________ 1900-4, 55 cents 1900-23, U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I Region IV Region II Region III 3535 Market Street, Suite 3400 1603 JFK Federal Building Suite 540 Government Center 1515 Broadway 1371 Peachtree St., N.E. P.O. Box 13309 New York, N.Y. 10036 Atlanta Ga. 30309 Boston, Mass. 02203 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 881-4418 (Area Code 404) Phone: 662-5406 (Area Code 212) Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617) Phone: 596-1154 (Area Code 215) Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Region VI Region V Regions VII and VIII Regions IX and X Second Floor 450 Golden Cate Ave. 9th Floor, 230 S. Dearborn St. Federal Office Building Box 36017 555 Griffin Square Building 911 Walnut St., 15th Floor Chicago, III. 60604 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Dallas, Tex. 75202 Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312) Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415) Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214) Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) Illinois IX X VII VIII Indiana Arkansas Arizona Alaska Michigan Louisiana Iowa Colorado California Idaho Kansas Montana Minnesota New Mexico Hawaii Oregon Missouri North Dakota Oklahoma Ohio Washington Nevada Nebraska South Dakota Wisconsin Texas Utah Wyoming
@FedFRASER