The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
^ . 3 Area Wage Survey Bulletin 2025-75 ; Sacramento, California, Metropolitan Area December 1978 Preface T h is b u lle tin p r o v i d e s r e s u l t s o f a D e c e m b e r 1978 s u r v e y o f o c c u p a tional e arn in g s in the S a c r a m e n t o , C a l i f o r n i a , Standard M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s tical A r e a . T h e s u r v e y was m ad e as p a r t o f the B u re au o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s ' annual a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m . It was condu cted by the B u r e a u 's r e giona l o f f i c e in San F r a n c i s c o , C a l i f . , under the g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n of Susan H oll a nd , A s s i s t a n t R e g i o n a l C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r O p e ra t io n s . The s u r v e y could not have b e en a c c o m p l i s h e d with out the c o o p e r a t i o n o f the m an y f i r m s w h o s e w a g e and s a l a r y data p r o v i d e d the b as is f o r the s t a t i s t i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n in t h i s bulle tin. T h e B u re au w is h e s to e x p r e s s s i n c e r e a p p r e c i a ti o n f o r the c o o p e r a t i o n r e c e i v e d . M a t e r i a l in this p u b lic atio n is in the public d o m a in and m a y be r e p r o d u c e d with ou t p e r m i s s i o n o f the F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t. P le a s e cred it the B u re au publication. of Labor S t a tis tic s and cite the name and number of this Note: A v a i l a b l e f o r the S a c r a m e n t o a r e a a r e l i s t i n g s o f union w a g e r a te s f o r build ing t r a d e s , p rin tin g t r a d e s , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s , l o c a l t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e l p e r s , and g r o c e r y s t o r e e m p l o y e e s . F r e e c o p ie s o f th e s e a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m the B u r e a u 's r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s . (S e e b ac k c o v e r for ad d resses.) Area Wage Survey Sacramento, California, Metropolitan Area December 1978 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Contents Page Page Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood Commissioner June 1979 Bulletin 2025-75 Fo r sal* b y tha Superintendent of D ocu ments, U S . Government Printing Office, W a s h in g to n .D C 20402. G P O Bookstores, or B L Sfor Regional Offices listed on back cover. Digitized FRASER Price $ 1 00 Make checks paysble to Superin http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ tendent of Documents. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis I n t r o d u c t i o n ____________________________________________ 2 T ablest A. E a r n i n g s , all e s ta b lis h m e n ts : A - l . W e e k l y e a r n in g s o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s __ 3 A - 2 . W e e k l y e a r n in g s o f p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ica l w o r k e r s _______________ 5 A - 3. A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n in g s o f o f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and te c h n ica l w o r k e r s , b y s e x __________ 6 A - 4. H o u rly e a r n in g s o f m a in te n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p la n t w o r k e r s ________________________________ 7 A - 5. H o u r l y e a r n in g s o f m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s to d ia l w o r k e r s __ 8 A - 6. A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s o f m ain te n an c e , t o o l r o o m , p o w e r plant, m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t , and c u s tod ia l w o r k e r s , b y s e x __________ 9 A - 7. P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s in a v e r a g e h o u rly e a r n in g s , adjusted f o r e m p l o y m e n t shif ts , f o r s e l e c t e d occup atio nal g r o u p s __________________ 10 A p p e n d ix A . Appendix B. Scope and m eth od o f s u r v e y _________ 11 O c c u p ation al d e s c r i p t i o n s ____________ 14 Introduction T h i s a r e a is 1 o f 75 in w h ich the U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s conducts s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e l a t e d b e n e f i ts . (S e e l i s t o f a r e a s on i n s id e b a c k c o v e r . ) In e a c h a r e a , oc c u p atio n al e a r n in g s data ( A - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) a r e c o l l e c t e d annually. I n f o r m a t i o n on e s t a b l is h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e f i ts ( B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) is obta ined e v e r y t h i r d y e a r . T h i s r e p o r t has no B - s e r i e s t a b le s . E a c h y e a r a f t e r a l l in d iv id u a l a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s h a ve b e en c o m p l e t e d , tw o s u m m a r y b u lle tin s a r e is s u e d . T h e f i r s t b r i n g s t o g e t h e r data f o r each m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; the s e co n d p r e s e n t s n a tion al and r e g i o n a l e s t i m a t e s , p r o j e c t e d f r o m i n d iv id u a l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a data, f o r a l l Standard M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s in the U n ite d S t a te s , e xc lu d in g A l a s k a and H a w a i i . A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is the need t o d e s c r i b e the l e v e l and m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s in a v a r i e t y o f l a b o r m a r k e t s , th ro ugh the a n a ly s is o f ( 1) the l e v e l and d is tr ib u t io n o f w a g e s by oc c u p atio n, and (2) the m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s by o c c u p a tio n a l c a t e g o r y and s k i l l l e v e l . T h e p r o g r a m d e v e l o p s i n f o r m a t i o n that m a y b e used f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s , including w a g e and s a l a r y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a i n i n g , and a s s i s t a n c e in d e t e r m i n i n g pla nt l o c a t io n . S u r v e y r e s u lt s a ls o a r e used b y the U.S. D e p a r t m en t o f L a b o r to m a k e w a g d d e t e r m i n a t i o n s un der the S e r v i c e C o n t ra c t A c t o f 1965. A - s e r i e s ta b les T a b l e s A - l th rough A -6 p r o v i d e e s t i m a t e s o f s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y o r ho u r ly e arn in g s f o r w o r k e r s in o c c u p atio n s c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m anufactu rin g and no nm anufa cturing i n d u s t r i e s . F o r the 31 l a r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , ta b le s A -8 th ro ugh A - 13 p r o v i d e s i m i l a r data f o r e s ta b l i s h m e n ts e m p l o y i n g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e . T a b l e A - 7 p r o v i d e s p e r c e n t changes in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , in d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , s k i l l e d m ainte n ance t r a d e s w o r k e r s , and un sk ille d plant w o r k e r s . W h e r e p o s s i b l e , data a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l i n d u s t r i e s and f o r m a n u f a c tu r in g and nonmanufacturing s e p a r a t e l y . Data a r e not p r e s e n t e d f o r s k i l l e d m ain te n an c e w o r k e r s in no nm anu fa cturin g b e c a u s e the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d in this occup atio nal g ro u p in no n m an u fa ctu rin g is to o s m a l l to w a r r a n t s e p a ra t e p re s e n ta tio n . T h i s ta b l e p r o v i d e s a m e a s u r e o f w a g e tr e n d s a f t e r e lin im a tio n o f changes in a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s caus e d by e m p l o y m en t shifts among e s ta b lis h m e n ts as w e l l as t u r n o v e r o f e s ta b l i s h m e n ts included in s u r v e y s a m p le s . F o r f u r t h e r d e t a i l s , s ee appendix A. Ap p e n d ix e s Ap p end ix A d e s c r i b e s the m e t h o d s and c on c e p ts used in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m and p r o v i d e s i n f o r m a t i o n on the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . Ap p end ix B p r o v i d e s jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s m i s t s to c l a s s i f y w o r k e r s by occup ation. used by B u re a u f i e l d e c o n o A. Earnings T ab le A-1. W e e k ly earnings of office w orkers in S acram ento, C a lif., D ecem ber 1978 Weekly earnings (standard) Average weekly houn1 (itandard) O c c u p a tio n and i n d u s t r y d iv i s i o n N um ber o f w o rk ers re c e iv in g stra ig h t-tim e w eek ly earnings of— 100 Mean2 110 A LL 357 101 256 42 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S B -------------------------------N ON M A N U FA C TU R IN C ----------------------------------------- 81 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S C -------------------------------NONMANUE A C T U R I N 6 ----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------------- 3 9 . 5 2 50.00 39. 5 261.00 40.0 45.50 40.0 304.50 242.50 267.00 235.00 297.00 207.00229.00204.50285.50- 285.50 291.00 284.00 318.50 39.5 39.5 2 57.00 248.00 242.00 2 37.00 222.00214.50- 291.50 283.00 40.0 266.50 40. 0 2 63 .0 0 40.0 301.50 268.50 263.50 2 97.00 227.00214.00285.50- 299.00 297.00 318.50 40. 0 245.50 40.0 258.50 40. 0 235.50 242.50 264.50 235.00 199.00231.00183.00- 280.00 282.50 276.50 247.50 203.50 2 47.50 278.00 190.50182.50225.00256.50- 278.00 267. 278.00 286.00 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S D -------------------------------M A N U F A C TU R IN G ------------------------------------------------NONMANUF A C T U R I N C ---------------------------------------- 1 35 60 75 S TE N O G R A P H E R S ---------------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R IN G ------------------------------------------------N O N M A N UE A C TU R IN G --------------------------------- ------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------------- 87 32 55 27 39.5 39. 0 40.0 40.0 238.00 232.50 241.00 277.50 60 35 39.5 2 3 8 . 50 2 5 0 . 00 2 0 3 . 5 0 - 2 7 8 . 0 0 237. 232. 50- 27 8 .0 0 256. GE NER AL ----------------------------------------------------------------- n o n m an u factu r in g STENOGRAPHERS. SENIOR 280 2 32 186. 175. 168. 155. 144. 0 0 - 2 3 0 . 0 0 138. 0 0 - 2 1 9 . 5 0 T Y P I S T S . C L A S S A ------------------------------------------N O N M A N UF A C T UR IN G ---------------------------------------- 148 146 188. 1 89 . 178. 178. 152. 0 0 - 2 3 0 . 0 0 1 52. 0 0 - 2 3 0 . 0 0 TYP ISTS . 132 86 184. 153. 155. 137. 137 . 0 0 - 2 0 6 . 5 0 136 , 0 0 - 1 5 5 . 5 0 1 36 . 134, 126. 126. 116. 5 0- 13 8 .0 0 116. 5 0 - 1 2 6 . 5 0 135. 135. 122. 122. 116 . 5 0 - 1 3 2 . 5 0 116 , 5 0 - 1 3 2 . 5 0 B ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- n o n m an ufactur in g F I L E C L E R K S --------------------------------------------------------------N ON M A N U FA C T U R IN G ---------------------------------------F I L E C L E R K S . C L A S S B ------------------------------N ON M A N U FA C TU R IN G --------------------------------------- 67 S W IT C H BO A R D O P E R AT O R S ---------------------------------N O N M A N UF A C TU R IN G ---------------------------------------- 108 160. 156. 158. 158. 112. 0 0 - 1 9 5 . 0 0 112. 00-184.00 S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T S N O N M A N UF A C TU R IN G --------------------------------------- 109 86 1 85 . 1 79 . 178. 178. 138. 0 0 - 1 9 2 . 0 0 138. 0 0 - 1 8 4 . 0 0 206. 2 94 . 205. 0 0 - 2 4 1 .0 0 225. 5 0- 30 0 .5 0 ORDER C L E R K S ----------------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C TU R IN G -----------------------------------------------ORDER CLERKS. 130 140 150 160 170 180 1 90 200 210 220 230 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 62 24 38 15 12 9 CLASS A ---------------------------- 21 7 14 , 220 261. 24 3 21 32 10 24 8 28 10 11 10 25 18 16 1 15 8 3 21 17 40 40 20 17 17 30 30 11 11 32 32 28 28 22 22 13 13 20 20 25 25 21 15 14 2 222.00-230.00 S ee footn otes at end o f ta b les. 24 10 14 10 10 181.00-276.50 ----------------------------- T Y P I S T S --------------------------------------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C TU R IN G ---------------------------------------- CLASS 120 WORKERS S E C R E T A R I E S ---------------------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C TU R IN G ------------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------------- STENOGRAPHERS. 110 and under Median 2 3 20 20 Table A-1. W eekly earnings of office workers in Sacram ento, Calif., December 1978— Continued N um ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g stra ig h t-tim e w eek ly earnings o f— N O c c u p a tio n and i n d u s t r y d iv i s i o n tuu of worken Average weekly hour!1 (itandard) s Median2 Middle range 2 s S s ■*. S s*. S S s % % s % * .> s % S s s s s 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 260 2 80 300 3 20 340 360 1 20 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 260 280 3 00 320 340 360 380 ~ 13 2 1 12 “ 2 1 36 12 - - 14 16 _ 1 8 31 23 ~ - - 23 43 18 25 68 2 66 31 3 28 17 6 11 70 7 63 24 1 23 - 31 52 1 51 9 9 8 50 13 37 3 3 1 72 3 69 30 30 - 78 5 73 10 - 50 3 47 10 - - - - 7 15 8 21 25 18 16 7 6 i - 9 7 2 - 24 1 23 15 2 18 18 3 3 9 9 _ _ 15 23 3 20 3 - - - _ - _ 8 - - 100 Mean2 and under 110 A L L WORKERS— CONTINUED ORDER C L E R K S - CONTINUED $ $ 167.00-294.50 670 109 566 39. 5 202.50 40. 0 249.50 39. 5 194.00 195.50 230.00 184.00 168.00-227.50 202.50-304.00 168.00-218.50 A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S A ---------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------------ 259 62 197 30 39.5 40.0 39.0 40.0 216.00 273.00 198.00 225.00 207.00 261.50 195.50 244.00 177.00-240.50 221.00-314.50 168.00-218.50 174.50-264.00 - - - - - - 7 - - - - A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S R ---------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------ 387 92 345 4 0.0 194.50 40. 0 214.50 40.0 192.50 184.00 190.00 184.00 161.00-223.50 179.00-300.50 160.00-219.50 _ - 1 1 8 8 24 24 P A Y R O L L C L E R K S -------------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------ 71 52 40. 0 219.00 39. 5 216.50 201.50 195.50 185.00-226.50 184.00-229.50 - - - K E Y E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S -----------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N ON MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------ 340 32 308 40. 0 182.00 39. 5 214.00 40. 0 178.50 168.00 195.50 162.00 138.00-209.00 179.00-276.00 138.00-199.00 KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S A ---------N ON MA N U F A C T U RI N G ------------------------------------------ 1 34 1 10 39.5 39.5 217.50 218.50 206 1 98 4 0.0 153.00 40. 0 152.00 A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S ----------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------NONM ANUF A C T U R I N E ------------------------------------------ CLASS K EY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S B ---------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------ O $ 205.00 109 CLERKSt O $ 216.00 B ------------------------------ ORDER 226.00 226.00 144.00 142.00 - - - - - 2 2 - 31 23 44 - - - - - 31 23 44 184.50-264.00 185.00-264.00 _ _ - - - - - - 127.50-167.00 126.50-163.00 - 23 23 44 44 - 31 31 See footnotes at end o f tables. 4 - 8 21 - 18 3 16 - 25 9 23 14 9 - - 31 1 30 - 35 3 32 15 15 49 5 44 47 3 44 28 13 15 33 1 32 16 4 12 34 1 33 6 10 61 - - - 6 10 61 - 8 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 12 10 14 9 11 6 4 4 4 2 2 1 2 2 5 5 _ _ - - 12 1 11 10 2 8 59 3 56 13 5 8 37 4 33 23 3 20 3 1 2 14 2 12 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 14 - - 4 4 1 47 5 42 14 1 1 _ 4 i 19 16 20 17 - - 15 12 13 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 45 40 9 9 11 10 10 8 44 44 9 7 18 17 3 3 3 2 l 1 - - 2 2 5 5 - 1 1 1 - - 2 - - - - _ - - - _ _ _ - - _ - - - 6 3 2 2 _ _ _ - - - - - - - 4 _ _ _ 12 12 - _ - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - Table A -2 . W eekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Sacramento, C alif., December 1978 W eekly earnings1 Number of workers Occupation and in d u stry d iv is io n Average weekly hours1 (standard) Num ber o f w o rk ers r e c e iv in g stra ig h t-tim e w eek ly earn in gs o f— % Mean2 Middle range 2 Median 2 -------- OPERATORS. CLASS 8 C OM PU TE R O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S C N O N M A N UF A C T UR IN G --------------------------- W o rk e rs w e re distrib u ted as fo llo w s : s 383.50 $ 38 2 . 5 0 $ 39.0 46 39.5 308.50 299.50 260.50-350.00 31 39. 5 3 01 .5 0 295.50 256.50-347.00 1 14 98 39.5 214.00 39. 5 207.00 205.00 202.50 184.00-246.03 184.00-214.50 7 7 45 39. 5 212.50 199.00 184.00-246.50 4 200 210 s 220 s S 230 240 % % 250 260 s 270 S 280 s s 300 3 20 s 340 s 3 60 S % S 380 400 420 440 and 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 420 - 7 2 i *4 8 5 1 1 1 - - 320 340 360 1 - 9 1 3 3 80 440 o ver 400 300 $ 334.00-406.00 - - - - 2 - 7 5 17 17 10 10 32 32 7 7 2 1 1 3 6 10 1 6 1 1 i i _ i i - 29 29 - 9 - 47 45 40. 0 193.00 40. 0 194.00 202.50 202.50 184.00-205.00 184.00-205.00 3 3 96 290.50 300.00 234.00-341.03 2 o (B U S IN E S S ) C OMP UTE R OP E R A T O R S NONHANUF A C T U R IN G * under 180 25 O PROGRAMMERS CO MPU TE R PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) . C L A S S B ---------------------------------------------------------------- C OM PU TE R S s s 190 WORKERS CO MP U TE R S YS TE M S A N A L Y S T S ( B U S I N E S S ) -------------------------------------CO MPU TE R $ 180 Under . j and 170 ALL S 170 4 2 4 1 at $440 to $460; and 3 at $520 to $540. See footn otes at end o f tables. 5 6 4 1 3 7 4 6 3 - 1 7 3 1 7 3 - - - 12 9 _ 5 1 3 1 1 1 - - 1 - - - - - 9 7 “ “ - 2 3 8 “ i 1 9 7 1 4 5 5 8 12 11 10 6 1 - - Table A -3 . Average w eekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Sacram ento, C alif., December 1978 Average (mean'*) Sex , 5 o c c u p a t i o n , OFFICE and i n d u s t r y d iv is io r OCCUPATIONS - of workers Weekly hours (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) $ 2 5 0 .0 0 2 6 1 .0 0 2 4 5 .5 0 3 0 4 .5 0 357 101 2 56 42 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S B ------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------- 81 3 9 . 5 2 5 7 .0 0 3 9 .5 2 4 8 .0 0 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S C ------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------------- 86 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 S E C R E T A R I E S . C L A S S 0 ------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------S T E N O G R A P H E R S --------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------------- 70 33 135 60 75 87 32 55 3 9.5 3 9.5 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 3 9.5 3 9.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 3 9.5 4 0.0 S T E N O G R A P H E R S . GE NERA L ------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------- o S E N I O R ---------------- o STENOGRAPHERS. Se x , 3 o c c u p a t i o n , a nd i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n 2 6 6 .5 0 2 6 3 .0 0 3 01 .5 0 2 4 5 .5 0 2 5 8 .5 0 2 3 5 .5 0 2 3 8 .0 0 2 3 2 .5 0 2 4 1 .0 0 2 7 7 .5 0 2 3 8 .5 0 2 3 7 .0 0 2 3 6 .5 0 T Y P I S T S -------------------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------- 280 2 32 3 9.5 3 9.5 1 86 .5 0 1 7 5 .5 0 T Y P I S T S . C L A S S A -----------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------- 148 146 4 0.0 40. 0 1 8 8 .5 0 1 89 .0 0 3 9.5 3 9.5 1 84 .5 0 1 5 3 .0 0 hours' Weekly earnings1 (standard) OF FI CE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— C O N T I N U E D 136. 1 34. F I L E C L E R K S . C L A S S B ------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------- 135 1 35. . S WI T C H B O A R D OP E R A T O R S ---------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------- 100 S WI T C H B O A R D OPERA T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T S N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------- 109 C LERKS. CLASS 185 , 179, 86 . 220 260. A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S A -------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------------------------A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S B --------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------C L E R K S ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nonmanufacturing KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S . C L A S S A N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------ W eek ly hours1 earnings3 (standard) 131 107 3 9.5 3 9.5 2 2 7 .0 0 2 2 7 .0 0 69 58 3 9.5 3 9.5 2 1 9 .0 0 2 0 9 .0 0 P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN C OMPUT E R PROGRAMMERS 6 19 98 521 3 9.5 4 0.0 3 9.5 , 202 243. 194 . (BUSINESS) 30 214. 265. 198. 225. 373 42 331 194. 214. 191. 190 222 220 . . COMPUT E R OPERATORS. CLASS B -------- 37 3 9.0 2 1 5 .0 0 D R A F T E R S ----------------------------------------------------------- 88 4 0.0 2 9 4 .5 0 ---------------- 3 30 4 0.0 3 4 8 .0 0 4 0.0 4 0.0 2 06 .0 0 2 0 3 .5 0 ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L O C C U P A T I O N S - WOMEN COMPUT ER O P E R A T O R S N ON MA N U F A C T U RI N G COMPUT E R O P E R A T O R S . 6 Weekly standard) KEY E N T R Y O P E R A T O R S : MA N U F A C T U R I N G --------- COMPUT E R O P E R A T O R S N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G B ----------------------------- A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S ---------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------- and in d u s t r y d iv is io n 159 , 154, 89 ORDER C L E R K S ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------manufacturing ORDER Se x , 3 o c c u p a ti o n , Number of workers OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— C O N T I N U E D F I L E C L E R K S --------------------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------- See footnotes at end o f tables. Weekly (standard) PAYROLL T Y P I S T S . C L A S S B -----------------------------NONMANUF A C T U R I N 6 ---------------------------- Number of workers WOMEN S E C R E T A R I E S -------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------NONMANUF A C T U R I N 6 ---------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ---------------------- Average (mean2) Average (mean2) Number CLASS C Table A -4 . Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in Sacramento, Calif., December 1978 Hourly earnings * Num ber o f w o rk ers re c e iv in g stra ig h t-tim e h ourly earn in gs o f— Occupation and in du stry d iv is io n M ean 2 s s 5 * 4 4 % 4 s 4 s s S 6 .8 0 6 .9 0 7 .0 0 7 .2 0 7 .4 0 7 .6 0 ! 1 .80 * 6 .7 0 8 .0 0 8 .2 0 8 .4 0 8 .6 0 8 . 80 9 .0 0 9 .2 0 9 . 40 9 .8 0 1 0 . 2 0 10 .6 0 1 1 .0 0 6 .6 0 6 .7 0 6 .8 0 6 .9 0 7 .0 0 7 .2 0 7 .4 0 7 .6 0 7 .8 0 8 .0 0 8 .2 0 8 .4 0 8 .60 8 .8 0 9 .0 0 9 .2 0 9 .4 0 9 .8 0 1 0 .2 0 1 0 . 12 5 - 16 6 6 - 46 19 _ _ _ 8 16 6 6 30 19 - - - 4 --------5-------- 1 ------- and under Middle range 2 and O o ----------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- tr ic ia n s 1 27 103 8.51 8.43 8 . 39 8 . 21 7.69- 8.24 7.917.50- 8.45 8.45 - - - “ - 8.26 8.21 - _ _ - _ 12 15 8 8 26 “ ” ~ “ ~ 12 15 8 8 26 _ _ - _ _ 5 _ _ 5 1 - - 1 - - 11 - - 4 - - 5 - 1 - - 30 - MAI NTENANCE MECHANI CS ( M A C H I N E R Y ) M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------------------------------------------- 192 172 8.14 8.11 8 . 21 8 . 21 MA I N T ENA N C E MECHANI CS ( MOT OR V E H I C L E S ) -------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ----------NONMANUF A C T U R I N G — PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 194 56 138 100 9.61 9.43 9.6C 9.53 9.74 9.64 10.32 10.33 8 . 3 0 - 10.33 8.24-10.64 8.60-10.33 8.3010.33 S TAT IONARY ENGINEERS MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------NONMANUF A C T U R I N G 113 87 26 9.50 9.82 8.41 10.79 1 0. 79 7.97 8.21-10.79 8.27-10.79 7.59-10.41 * s 6 .6 0 over WORKERS carpenters MAI NTENANCE e l e c MANUFACTURI NG $ 6 .5 0 o o ALL maintenance s W o r k e rs w e re d istrib u te d as fo llo w s : 7.997.86- 5 - - 3 - 5 5 - 95 _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ 11 5 _ - - - 11 - - *5 5 4 at $6 to $6.10; and 1 at $6.20 to $6.30. 7 i _ 75 _ 4 3 4 3 41 12 12 16 16 30 See footn otes at end o f ta b les. 14 _ 3 - _ ~ 4 8 4 - _ 12 _ _ “ 12 11 - 13 4 19 16 - 9 3 - 67 - 56 - 11 11 _ _ _ 2 12 - - 12 - 2 5 _ 4 4 _ “ 3 3 - 5 8 67 _ 16 16 13 2 11 59 _ 52 - 7 Table A -5 . Hourly earnings of m aterial m ovement and custodial workers in Sacramento, C alif., December 1978 Hourly earnings 4 O c c u p a t i o n a nd i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n AL L Number of workers Num ber o f w o rk ers r e c e iv in g stra ig h t-tim e hou rly earnings o f— 3.20 Mean2 Median2 Middle range 2 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.60 8.00 5.40 5.80 6.20 6.60 7.00 7.40 7.80 8.20 8.60 9.00 0.40 s under 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.60 5.00 5.40 5.80 6,20 6.60 7.00 7.40 7.80 8.20 8.60 9.00 9.40 9.8010.2010.6011.00 14 14 26 26 - ii i 10 29 29 - 200 20 180 160 15 15 3 34 34 Under WORKERS 1.102 317 785 383 $ 8.72 8.21 8.92 8.54 $ 8 . 84 8.65 9 . 54 9.54 $ $ 7 . 2 3 - 9.66 7 .2 3- 8.65 7 .2 1 - 10.05 7 .0 0 - 9.66 - 4 4 - - - - 2 ~ 2 12 12 - 2 2 - ------------------- 31 6.05 6.15 5.57- 7.02 - - - - - - - 6 - 5 11 - - 9 T R U C K D R I V E R S . MEDIUM TRUCK ---------------NO NMA NU FAC TUR IN G ------------------------------------------ 183 111 7.99 7.94 8 . 55 8 . 84 7.217.21- 8.84 8.84 - 4 4 - _ - - - 6 2 9 9 4 - 10 10 _ - - 21 21 8.65 ii - - 117 - “ - - 29 29 - “ 43 7 36 TR U C K O R IV E R S -------------------------------------------------------------MA NU FA C TU RI NG -------------------------------------------------NONMA NU FAC TUR ING -----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------------TRUCK0RIVERS. LIGHT TRUCK “ - - ------------------- 192 7.77 7.00 7.00- T R U C K O R I V E R S . T R A C T O R - T R A I L E R -------MA NU FA C TU RI NG -------------------------------------------------NO NHA N UF A C TU RI N G ------------------------------------------ 6 34 140 494 9 . 33 8.31 9.62 9.66 8.65 9.66 8.6 5- 10.05 7 .3 4- 8.65 8 . 9 6 - 10.81 S H IP P E R S ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 7.81 8 . 15 6.68- 8 . 19 R E C E IV E R S ---------------------------------------------------------------------NO NHA N UF A C TU RI N G ------------------------------------------ 83 73 7.26 7 . 29 7.63 7.63 6.426.42- 8.19 8 . 19 S H IP P E R S --------------------------------- 49 7.49 7.23 6.73- 8.45 WAREHOUSEMEN -------------------------------------------------------------MA NU FA C TU RI NG -------------------------------------------------NO NHA N UF A C TU RI N G ------------------------------------------ 400 144 256 7.44 6.93 7.72 7.81 6.74 8 . 19 6.745.927.63- 8 . 19 8.17 8.19 _ M A T E R IA L HA N D L IN G L A B O R E R S ---------------------MA NU FA CT UR IN G -------------------------------------------------N ON M A NU FAC TUR IN 6 ------------------------------------------ 352 180 172 6.75 5.84 7.70 6.45 5.05 6 . 45 4.9 24 .7 76 .4 5- 8 . 55 6.62 9.76 2 F O R K L I F T OP E RAT OR S -------------------------------------------MA NU FA CT UR IN G -------------------------------------------------NONMA NU FAC TUR ING -----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------------ 6 22 437 185 71 7 . 24 6.51 8.99 8.95 6. 6. 9. 9. 96 52 24 66 6.316.098.207.58- 7.92 6.96 9 . 66 9.66 86 6.33 6 . 30 5.58- 7.00 ii - - - - - - - - 15 2 25 2 16 35 6.46 8 . 14 4.53- 8 . 14 - - - 1 4 4 - - 6 - - - 2 - -------------------------------------------------- 84 6.32 6 . 30 5.58- 7.00 ii - - - - - J A N I T O R S . P O R T E R S . AND C L E A N E R S ------MA NU FA CT U RI NG -------------------------------------------------NO NMA NU FAC TU RIN G ------------------------------------------ 840 141 699 4.77 6 . 26 4.47 4 . 50 5.76 4 . 50 4.505.764.50- 5. 37 6.62 4.80 65 1 64 26 5 29 19 7 - - - - - - 26 5 29 19 7 338 TRUCKDRIVERS. 9.8010.2010.60 and H EAV Y AND R E C E I V E R S TRUCK - - - - - - 2 2 - - “ “ 1 1 - - 1 1 - 3 1 - - - - 3 3 31 “ - ~ - 3 1 26 1 _ _ 2 _ “ 2 - _ _ 2 - - - - - 2 - - - 2 _ _ _ - _ - - - - - _ _ 1 5 31 27 2 1 1 5 5 12 12 15 4 10 10 - 30 - 28 - - - _ 5 18 - 5 18 84 84 - 2 2 - - 249 153 96 37 1 68 44 - 79 79 - - - 20 20 - - - - - - 148 18 130 - - - - 38 8 - - 18 22 22 _ 172 12 160 79 - - 143 91 52 79 - 130 130 19 5 - - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - 8 - 4 - 3 4 33 3 3 4 33 - - 10 3 16 - 5 31 20 14 49 - 197 30 20 20 - 49 1 79 6 240 20 220 220 13 13 14 1 37 36 1 - 18 89 32 _ _ 1 8 8 - 3 - 2 2 2 - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ 15 - - - - - - - - - - - 21 21 7 - 48 - _ _ _ - - 15 4 32 - - - 24 - 85 - - - 1 24 - 7 48 92 1 45 97 64 25 19 30 - 35 77 9 - 92 145 97 64 - - - - 1 1 25 10 20 - 19 - 35 77 - - 25 - - - - 46 9 - - - - - - 15 - - - - - - 18 - - - - - - - 16 - - - 15 - - - - 4 4 18 18 2 - - “ guards: M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------GUARDS. CLASS GUARDS, CLASS MA NUF AC TUR ING * A ----------------------------------------------- W o rk ers w ere at $3 to $3.20. See footnotes at end o f ta b les. 8 338 122 3 119 - 15 2 25 - 36 9 27 78 59 19 30 12 18 43 17 26 20 18 2 - - - - - _ - _ _ - _ - - - - - - Table A -6 . Average hourly earnings of m a in ten an ce, toolroom pow erplant, m aterial m ovem ent, and custodial w o rkers, by sex, in Sacram ento, C a lif., D ecem ber 1978 Average Sex, (mean5 ) occupation, and in du stry d ivis ion Sex, 3 occupation, and industry d ivision earnings4 C A RP E N T E RS --------------------------------- 36 $ 8 .1 6 MA I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N S --------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------------------------------- 127 103 8 .5 1 8 . A3 MA I N T E N A N C E ME C HA N I C S ( M A C H I N E R Y ) MA NU F A C T U RI NG ------------------------------------------------- 192 172 8 . 1A 8 .1 1 maintenance mechanics ( MOT OR V E H I C L E S ) ----------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------NONMANUF A C T U R I N 6 -----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S -----------------------------------S T A T I O N A R Y E N G I N E E R S --------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U RI N G ------------------------------------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n e ------------------------------------------ 1 96 56 138 100 113 87 26 9 .6 1 9 . A3 9 .6 8 9 .5 3 9 .5 0 9 .8 2 8 . A1 M A T E R I A L MOVEMENT AND C U S T O O I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - HEN T R U C K O R I V E R S -----------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U RI N G -----------------------------N ONMA N U F A C T U RI N E ---------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ----------------TRUCKORIVERS. LIGHT TRUCK T R U C K D R I V E R S . MEDI UM T RUCK N ON MA N U F A C T U R I N E ----------------------TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY T RUCK Average (m e a n 2 ) hourly earnings4 M A T E R I A L MOVEMENT ANO C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN— C O N T I N U E D M A I N T E N A N C E * T OOLROOM* AND P O U E R P L A N T O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN MA I N T E N A N C E Number of workers TRUCKDRIVERS - CONTINUED $ 9 .3 3 8 .3 1 9 .6 2 T R U C K O R I V E R S . T R A C T O R - T R A I L E R ------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N E ------------------------------------------ 6 3A 1 AO A9A S H I P P E R S ------------------------------------------------------------------------- AA 7 .8 0 R E C E I V E R S ---------------------------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N E ------------------------------------------ 83 73 7 .2 6 7 .2 9 --------------------------------- A9 7 . A9 WAREHOUSEMEN ------------------------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N E ------------------------------------------ 390 136 25A 7 . AA 6 .9 3 7 .7 2 M A T E R I A L H A N D L I N G L A B O R E R S ---------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N E ------------------------------------------ 332 177 155 6 .6 7 5 .8 A 7 .6 1 F O R K L I F T OP E R A T O R S -------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N E -----------------------------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------------------------ 599 A1A 185 71 7 .2 7 6 .5 0 8 .9 9 8 .9 5 GUARDS -----------------------------------------------------------------------------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------- 387 83 A . A1 6 .3 A A ----------------------------------------------- 32 6 .6 5 SHIPPERS AND R E C E I V E R S 1 .1 0 2 317 785 383 8 .7 2 8 . 21 8 .9 2 8 .5 A 31 6 .0 5 GUARDS. 7 .9 9 7 .9 A 6 U AR 0 S . CLASS B : MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------- 81 6 .3 3 J A N I T O R S . P O R T E R S . AND C L E A N E R S -------MA N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------N O N MA N U F A C T U R I N E ------------------------------------------ 670 113 557 A .7 A 6 .3 2 A .A 2 183 111 192 7 .7 7 See footnotes at end o f tables. 9 CLASS T a b le A -7 . P ercent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for e m p lo ym e n t sh ifts, fo r selected occupational groups in S acram en to , C a lif., for selected periods In du stry and occupational group 5 D ecem ber 1974 D ecem b er 1975 D ecem ber 1976 to to to to D ecem ber 1975 D ecem b er 1976 D ecem ber 1977 D ece m b er 1978 8.3 D ecem b er 1977 A ll in du stries: O ffic e c l e r i c a l ____________________________ __________ E le c tro n ic data p r o c e s s in g ______________ __________ In d u stria l n u rses______________________________________ S k illed m aintenance tra d es . . . ____________________ U n skilled plant w o rk ers (6 ) 8.7 8.0 6.6 (? ) (6 ) 9.7 9.0 8.8 (? ) (6) 8.4 7.8 6.9 (? ) (6 ) 8.2 8.4 M anufacturing: O ffic e c l e r i c a l ________________________________________ E le c tro n ic data p r o c e s s in g . ____________ ________ In du stria l n u rses____________________________________ S killed m aintenance tra d es__________________________ U n skilled plant w o r k e r s ______________________________ (? ) (? ) (6 ) 8.7 7.9 (? ) (6 ) 10.1 9.1 (? ) (? ) (6) 8.1 9.6 (? ) (? ) (6) 8.3 8.6 Nonmanufac tu rin g: O ffic e c l e r i c a l_______________ _________ __________ E le c tr o n ic data p ro c e s s in g __________________________ In d u stria l n u rses______________________________________ U nsk illed plant w o r k e r s ______________________________ 7.6 (? ) (6 ) 7.9 7.3 (? ) (6 ) 8.9 8.1 (? ) (6) 6.8 7.0 (? ) (6 ) 8.3 (?) Footnotes 1 Standard hours r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r which em p loy ees r e c e iv e th e ir re g u la r s tra ig h t-tim e s a la ries (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e rtim e at re g u la r and/or prem iu m r a te s ), and the earn in gs co rresp o n d to these w eek ly hours. 2 Th e m ean is com puted fo r each jo b by tota lin g the earn in gs o f a ll w o r k e r s and d ivid in g by the number o f w o rk e rs . Th e m edian design ates position — h alf o f the w o rk e rs r e c e iv e the sam e o r m o re and h alf re c e iv e the sam e o r le s s than, the rate shown. Th e m id dle ran ge is defined by two rates o f pay; a fourth o f the w o rk e rs ea rn the sam e o r le s s than the lo w e r o f these ra tes and a fourth ea rn the sam e o r m o re than the h igh er rate. 3 E arn in gs data re la te only to w o rk ers w hose sex id e n tifica tio n w as p r o v i d e d by the establishm ent. 4 Exclu des prem iu m pay fo r o ve rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olida ys, and late shifts. 5 E stim ates fo r period s ending p rio r to 1976 re la te to m en only fo r sk ille d m aintenance and unskilled plant w o rk ers. AH other estim ates re la te to m en and wom en. 6 Data do not m eet publication c r ite r ia o r data not a va ila b le. 10 Appendix A . Scope and Method of Survey In eac h o f the 75 1 a r e a s c u r r e n t l y s u r v e y e d , the B u re a u obtains w a g e s and r e l a t e d b e n e f i t s d a ta f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b lis h m e n ts w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s : M an u fa c t u rin g ; tr a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e tr a d e ; r e t a i l tr a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n ce , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . G o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s t ru c tio n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s a r e e x c lu d e d . E s ta b lis h m e n ts ha vin g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e also e x clu d ed b e c a u s e o f in s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n s studied. A p p e n d i x table 1 shows the nu m b er o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and w o r k e r s e s t i m a t e d to be w ith in the s c o p e o f this s u r v e y , as w e l l as the n u m b e r a c t u a l l y studied. and p o w e r p l a n t; and (4) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and cu s tod ial. O ccup ation al c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n i fo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e sig n e d to take account o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in duties w ith in the s am e job . O c c u p a tion s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in app endix B. U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e in d ic ate d , the e a r n i n g s data f o l l o w i n g the job t i t l e s a r e f o r all in d u s tr i e s c o m b in e d . E a r n i n g s data f o r s o m e o f the o c c u p a tio n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e in d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s within the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y , a r e not p r e s e n t e d in the A - s e r i e s ta b les b ecause e i t h e r ( 1) e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n is too s m a l l to p r o v i d e enough data to m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r ( 2 ) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f individual e s t a b l i s h m e n t d ata . S e p a r a te m e n ' s and w o m e n ' s e a r n in g s data a r e not p r e s e n t e d when the n u m b er o f w o r k e r s not i d e n tif ie d b y s e x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f the m e n o r w o m e n i d e n t i f i e d in an oc c u p atio n. E a r n in g s data not shown s e p a r a t e l y f o r in d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s a r e included in data f o r all in d u s tr ie s c o m b in e d . L i k e w i s e , f o r o ccup atio ns with m o r e than one l e v e l , data a r e included in the o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w h en a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is not shown o r i n f o r m a t i o n to s u b c l a s s i f y is not a v a i l a b l e . B u r e a u f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s obtain data by p e r s o n a l v i s i t s at 3 - y e a r i n t e r v a l s . In e a c h o f th e tw o i n t e r v e n i n g y e a r s , i n f o r m a t i o n on e m p l o y m e n t and o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s o n l y is c o l l e c t e d b y a c om b in atio n o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a i l q u e s t i o n n a i r e , and te l e p h o n e i n t e r v i e w f r o m e s ta b lis h m e n ts p a r t i c i p a t i n g in the p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . A s a m p l e o f th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the s c o p e of the s u r v e y is s e l e c t e d f o r stud y p r i o r to e a c h p e r s o n a l v i s i t s u r v e y . T h is s a m p l e , l e s s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h i c h g o out o f b u s in e s s o r a r e no l o n g e r w ith in the i n d u s tr ia l s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , is r e t a i n e d f o r the f o l l o w i n g two annual s u r v e y s . In m o s t c a s e s , e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ne w to the a r e a a r e not c o n s i d e r e d in the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y u n til the s e l e c t i o n o f a s a m p le f o r a p e r s o n a l v i s i t s u r v e y . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a r e shown f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th os e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y sched ule . E a r n in g s data e x c lu d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k en d s, h o lid ays , and la t e s h if ts . N o n p r o d u c tio n bon us es a r e exclud ed , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a l l o w a n c e s and i n c e n t i v e b on uses a r e included. W e e k l y hours f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l oc c up atio ns r e f e r to the standard w o r k w e e k (rou n de d to the n e a r e s t h a lf hour) f o r w h ich e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r and/or p r e m i u m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n in g s f o r th e s e occupations a r e roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r . V e r t i c a l l i n e s w ith in the d is trib u tio n of w o r k e r s on s o m e A - t a b l e s in d ic a te a chan ge in the s i z e o f the c la s s i n t e r v a l s . T h e s a m p l i n g p r o c e d u r e s i n v o l v e d e t a i l e d s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f all e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f an in d iv id ual a r e a s u r v e y b y in d u s tr y and number o f em p lo ye e s . F r o m this s t r a t i f i e d u n i v e r s e a p r o b a b i l i t y s a m p l e is s e l e c t e d , w i t h e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t havin g a p r e d e t e r m i n e d chan ce o f s e l e c t i o n . T o o b ta in o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m in i m u m cost, a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e than s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s is s e l e c t e d . Wh en data a r e c o m b in e d , each e s t a b l i s h m e n t is w e i g h t e d a c c o r d i n g to its p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i o n so th at u n b ia s e d e s t i m a t e s a r e g e n e r a t e d . F o r e x a m p l e , i f on e out o f f o u r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s is s e l e c t e d , i t is g i v e n a w e i g h t o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t i t s e l f plus t h r e e o t h e r s . A n a l t e r n a t e o f the s a m e o r i g i n a l p r o b a b i l i t y is c h o se n in the s a m e i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i f data a r e not a v a ila b le f r o m the o r i g i n a l s a m p l e m e m b e r . I f no s u ita b le sub stitute is a v a ila b le , ad d ition al w e i g h t is a s s i g n e d to a s a m p l e m e m b e r that is s i m i l a r to the m i s s i n g unit. O c c u p a tio n s and e a r n i n g s tu r in g O ffic e O c c u p a tio n s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c and n o n m a n u fa c t u rin g in d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f the f o l l o w i n g ty p e s ; ( 1) c l e r i c a l ; (2 ) p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ica l; (3) m a in te n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , 1 Included in the 75 areas are 5 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Birmingham, A la.; Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, V a.—N .C .; Poughkeepsie-'-Kingston—Newburgh, N .Y .; and Utica—Rome, N .Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more lim ited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of Digitized the for FRASER U. S. Department of Labor. T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the l e v e l o f oc c u p a tio n a l e arnin gs in an a r e a at a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r i s o n s o f ind iv id u al o c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r t i m e m a y not r e f l e c t e x p e c te d w a g e ch an ge s . T h e a v e r a g e s f o r individual jobs a r e a f f e c t e d b y ch an ge s in w a g e s and e m p l o y m e n t p a tte r n s . F o r e x a m p le , p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y high- o r l o w - w a g e f i r m s m a y change, o r h i g h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y advance to b e t t e r jo b s and be r e p l a c e d by new w o r k e r s at l o w e r r a t e s . Such shifts in e m p l o y m e n t could d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e e v e n though m o s t e s ta b l i s h m e n ts in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s d u r in g the y e a r . C h an ge s in e a r n in g s o f o c c u p a tio n a l g roup s, shown in table A - 7 , a r e b e t t e r i n d i c a t o r s o f w a g e tr e n d s than a r e e arn in g s changes f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s w i th i n the g ro u p s . A v e r a g e e a r n i n g s r e f l e c t c o m p o s i t e , a r e a w i d e e s t i m a t e s . In dustr ies and e s ta b l i s h m e n ts d i f f e r in p ay l e v e l and jo b staffin g , and thus con tribut e d i f f e r e n t l y to the e s t i m a t e s f o r eac h j o b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y the w a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l amon g jo b s in ind ivid ual e s ta b lis h m en ts . 11 A v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in s e l e c t e d oc c up atio ns should no t be a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y o f the s e x e s w ith in ind ivid ual e s ta b l i s h m e n ts . F a c t o r s w h ic h m a y c on trib u te to d i f f e r e n c e s include p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b l i s h e d rate r a n g e s (o n l y the r a te s p aid incum bents a r e c o l l e c t e d ) and p e r f o r m a n c e o f s p e c i f i c duties w ith in the g e n e r a l s u r v e y job d e s c r i p t i o n s . Job d e s c r i p t i o n s used to c l a s s i f y e m p l o y e e s in th e s e s u r v e y s u s u a lly a r e m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than th ose used in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts and a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s am on g e s ta b l i s h m e n ts in s p e c i f i c duties pe r f o r m e d . E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g S k i l l e d m a in te n a n c e C o m p u te r s y s te m s a n alysts, c l a s s e s A , B, and C C o m p u te r p r o g r a m m e r s , c l a s s e s A , B, and C C o m p u te r o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A , B, and C C arpenters E lectrician s Painters M achin ists M ech anics (m ach in ery) M ech anics (m o to r v e h ic le ) P ip efitters T o o l and d ie m a k e r s O c c u p a tio n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n ts w ith in the s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m b e r a c t u a l l y s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e oc c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e s am on g e s ta b l i s h m e n ts d i f f e r , e s t i m a t e s of o c c u p a tio n a l e m p l o y m e n t obta ined f r o m the s a m p le o f e s ta b l i s h m e n ts studied s e r v e on ly to in d ic a te the r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f the jo b s studied. These d i f f e r e n c e s in oc c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e do not a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s data. In d u s tr ia l n u rs e s U n s k i l l e d plant R e g i s t e r e d in d u s tr ia l n u rs e s J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and clean ers M a t e r i a l ha nd lin g l a b o r e r s W a g e tr e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d oc c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s p r e s e n t e d in ta b le A - 7 a r e b a s e d on changes in a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s o f m e n and w o m e r in e s ta b l i s h m e n ts r e p o r t i n g the tr e n d jobs in both the c u r r e n t and p r e v i o u s y e a r (m a tc h e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ) . T h e data a r e adju ste d to r e m o v e the e f f e c t s on a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f e m p l o y m e n t shifts am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts and t u r n o v e r o f e s ta b l i s h m e n ts inclu ded in s u r v e y s a m p l e s . T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a r e s t i l l a f f e c t e d by f a c t o r s o t h e r than w a g e i n c r e a s e s . H i r i n g s , l a y o f f s , and t u r n o v e r m a y a f f e c t an e s ta b l i s h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an oc c u p atio n when w o r k e r s a r e paid un der plans p r o v i d i n g a ran g e o f w a g e ra te s f o r in d iv id u al j o b s . In p e r i o d s o f i n c r e a s e d h i r i n g , f o r e x a m p l e , n e w e m p l o y e e s m a y e n t e r at the b o tt o m o f the range, d e p r e s s i n g the a v e r a g e with out a change in w a g e r a te s . T h e p e r c e n t chan ges r e l a t e to w a g e c han ges b e tw e e n the in d ic a te d d ate s . Wh en the t i m e span be tw e e n s u r v e y s is o t h e r than 12 m onths, annual rate s a r e shown, (it is a s s u m e d that w a g e s i n c r e a s e at a con stant rate b e tw e e n s u r v e y s . ) P e r c e n t changes f o r i as f o l l o w s : areas in the p r o g r a m a r e c om p ute d 1. A v e r a g e e a r n in g s a r e c o m p u te d f o r e a c h o c c u p a tio n f o r the 2 y e a r s b eing c o m p a r e d . T h e a v e r a g e s a r e d e r i v e d f r o m e a r n in g s in th os e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h ic h a r e in the s u r v e y both y e a r s ; i t is a s s u m e d that e m p l o y m e n t r em ain s unchanged. 2. E ac h occupation is a s s i g n e d a w e i g h t b as e d on its p r o p or tion ate e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p in the base y e a r . 3. T h e s e w e ig h ts a r e u s e d to c om p u te g ro u p a v e r a g e s . E a c h o c c u p a tio n 's a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s (c o m p u te d in ste p 1) is m u lti p l i e d b y its w e ig h t. T h e p ro d u c ts a r e t o ta l e d to obtain a group a v e r a g e . 4. The r a tio o f group a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t i v e y e a r s is com puted b y d iv id in g the a v e r a g e f o r the c u r r e n t y e a r b y the a v e r a g e f o r the e a r l i e r y e a r . T h e r e s u l t — e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t — l e s s 100 is the p e r c e n t chan ge. O ccup ation s used to com pute w a g e t r e n d s a r e : O ffic e c le r ic a l O f f i c e c l e r i c a l — Continued S ecretaries Stenographers, g en e ra l S ten ograph ers, senior T yp ists, cla sses A and B F ile cle rk s , classes A, B, and C M essengers S w itc h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s O r d e r cle rk s , classes A and B A c c o u n ti n g c l e r k s , c l a s s e s A and B B ookkeepin g-m achin e o p e r a to r s , class B P a y r o ll clerks K e y entry o p erators, c l a s s e s A and B F o r a m o r e d e ta ile d d e s c r i p t i o n o f the m e t h o d u s e d to com p ute th es e w a g e tr e n d s , see " I m p r o v i n g A r e a W a g e S u r v e y I n d e x e s , " M o n th l y L a b o r R e v i e w , January 1973, pp. 52-57. E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s T ab ulations on s e l e c t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ( B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) a r e not p r e s e n t e d in this b u lle tin . I n f o r m a t i o n f o r th ese tabulations is c o l l e c t e d at 3 - y e a r , i n t e r v a l s . T h e s e ta b u latio n s on m i n i m u m entran ce s a l a r i e s f o r i n e x p e r i e n c e d o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; s h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s ; scheduled w e e k l y h o u r s and d a y s; p a id h o l i d a y s ; p aid v a c a t i o n s ; and health, ins u ran ce , and pe n s ion p la n s a r e p r e s e n t e d (in the B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) in p r e v i o u s bull etins f o r this a r e a . A p p en d ix ta b le 1. Establishm ents and w orkers w ith in scope of survey and num ber studied in S a c ra m e n to , C a lif.,' Decem ber 1978 In du stry d ivis ion 2 M inim um em ploym en t in e sta b lish m ents in scope o f study * L L D I V I S I O N S -----------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------------------------------------t r a n s p o r t a ti o n * c o m m u n i c a t i o n N um ber of establishm ents W ithin scope o f study * 451 50 ~ Studied Studied Num ber P e rc e n t 89.954 100 44,580 89 362 24 87 19.286 70.668 21 79 10.643 33.937 20 34 183 58 67 10 9 35 10 23 1 1. 058 3.344 37.338 8.626 10.302 12 42 10 11 9.497 1.428 15,377 3.760 3.875 i n * and OT H E R P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S 5 -------------------------------WHOL E S A L E T R A D E 6 ----------------------------------------------R E T A I L T R A D E 6 ---------------------------------------------------F I N A N C E . I N S U R A N C E . AND REAL E S T A T E 6 ----------S E R V I C E S 6 7 --------------------------------------------------------- 50 50 50 50 50 1 The S acra m en to Standard M etropolitan S ta tistica l A re a , as defined by the O ffic e o f M an agem ent and Budget through Feb ru a ry 1974, consists o f P la c e r , S acra m en to, and Y o lo Counties. The "w o r k e rs within scope o f stu dy" estim ates shown in this table p rovid e a reason ably accurate d escrip tio n o f the siz e and co m position o f the la b o r fo rc e included in the su rvey. E stim ates are not intended, h o w eve r, fo r co m p a rison with other em ploym ent in dexes to m easu re em ploym en t tren ds o r le v e ls sin ce (1) planning o f w age su rveys re q u ir e s establish m en t data co m p iled c o n s id era b ly in advance o f the p a y ro ll p erio d studied, and (2 ) sm all esta blish m en ts a re exclu ded fro m the scope o f the su rvey. 2 The 1972 ed itio n o f the Standard Indu strial C la s s ific a tio n Manual was used in c la s s ify in g establish m ents by industry d ivision . H o w e ver, a ll governm en t o p era tion s a re exclu ded fr o m the scope o f the survey. 3 Includes a ll establish m ents with total em ploym ent at o r above the m inim um lim ita tio n . A ll ou tlets (within the a re a ) o f companies in in du stries such as tra d e, W ork ers in establishm ents W ithin scope o f study 4 4 fin ance, auto re p a ir s e r v ic e , and m otion pictu re theaters are co n sid ered as one establish m ent. 4 Includes a ll w o rk e rs in a ll establish m ents w ith total em ploym en t (within the a r e a ) at or above the m inim u m lim ita tion . 5 A b b revia ted to "pu b lic u t ilitie s " in the A - s e r ie s tables. Taxicabs and s e r v ic e s in ciden tal to w a te r tra n sporta tion are exclu ded. S acra m en to's tran sit sy stem is p u blicly o p era ted and is exclu ded by definition fr o m the scope o f the study. 6 Separate presen tation o f data is not made fo r this division . 7 H otels and m o tels; lau ndries and oth er perso n a l s e r v ic e s ; business s e rv ic e s ; autom obile r e p a ir , re n ta l, and parking; m otion p ictu re s; n on profit m em bersh ip o rga n izatio n s (exclu din g re lig io u s and ch aritable o rga n iza tio n s ); and en gin eerin g and a rc h itectu ra l s e r v ic e s . 13 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r the Bu r e a u 's w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its f i e l d s ta f f in c l a s s i f y i n g into a p p ro b a t e oc c u p atio n s w o r k e r s who a r e e m p l o y e d un der a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l ti t l e s and d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t to e s t a b l i s h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h i s p e r m i t s the g ro u p in g o f o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e r a te s r e p r e s e n t i n g c o m p a r a b l e j o b content. B e c a u s e o f this e m phasis on i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t and i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f oc c u p atio n al content, the B u r e a u 's job d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m th ose in use in in d iv id u al e s ta b l i s h m e n ts o r th os e p r e p a r e d f o r ot h e r p u r p o s e s . In ap ply in g th es e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , the B u r e a u 's f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e in s tr u c te d to e x c lu d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t i c e s ; and p a r tt i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s . H an dic apped w o r k e r s w h o s e e arnings a r e re d u c e d b e c a u s e o f t h e i r ha ndic ap a r e als o e xc lu d e d . L e a r n e r s , b e g i n n e r s , and t r a i n e e s , u n less s p e c i f i c a l l y included in the job d e s c r i p t i o n s , a r e e x c lu d e d . Office SECRETARY S E C R E T A R Y — Continued A s s i g n e d as a p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a l l y to one in d iv id u al. M a i n tains a c l o s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p to the d a y - t o - d a y a c t i v i t i e s o f the s u p e r v i s o r . W o r k s f a i r l y in d ep end ently r e c e i v i n g a m i n i m u m o f d e ta ile d s u p e r v i s i o n and gu id an c e . P e r f o r m s v a r i e d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l duties r e q u i r i n g a k n o w l e d g e o f o f f i c e routin e and u n de rs tand in g o f the o r g a n i z a t i o n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e l a t e d to the w o r k o f the s u p e r v i s o r . E x c l u s i o n s — Continued E x c lu s io n s e. P o s i t i o n s which do not f i t any o f the s itu ations l i s t e d in the s ections b e lo w title d " L e v e l o f S u p e r v i s o r , " e . g . , s e c r e t a r y to the p re s i d e n t o f a com p any that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; f. Tra in ees. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n by L e v e l N o t all p o s itio n s that a r e ti tl e d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the above c h a r acteristics. E x a m p l e s o f p o s itio n s w h ic h a r e e xclu d ed f r o m the d e fin itio n are as f o l l o w s ; a. P o s i t i o n s w h ich do not m e e t d e s c r i b e d above; the " p e r s o n a l " s e c r e t a r y con ce p t b. S t e n o g r a p h e r s not f u l l y t r a i n e d in s e c r e t a r i a l - t y p e duties; c. S t e n o g r a p h e r s s e r v i n g as o f f i c e as s is ta n t s to a g ro u p o f f e s s i o n a l , t e c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n s ; S e c r e t a r y job s wh ich m e e t the above c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e m a tc h e d at one o f f i v e l e v e l s a c c o r d in g to (a) the l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y ' s s u p e r v i s o r w it h in the c o m p a n y 's o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e and, (b) the l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y ' s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . T h e c h a r t f o l l o w i n g the e xp lan ation s o f th es e tw o f a c t o r s ind ic ate s the l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y f o r eac h c o m b in a tio n o f the factors. L e v e l o f S e c r e ta ry 's S u perviso r (LS) d. pro A s s i s t a n t - t y p e p o s itio n s w h ic h e n ta il m o r e d i f f i c u l t o r m o r e r e s p o n s ib le t e c h n ic a l, a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , o r s u p e r v i s o r y duties which a r e not t y p i c a l o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k , e . g . , A d m i n i s t r a t i v e A s s i s t ant, o r E x e c u t i v e A s s i s t a n t ; S e c r e t a r i e s should be m atc h e d at one o f the f o u r L S l e v e l s d e s c r i b e d b e l o w a c c o r d i n g to the l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y ' s s u p e r v i s o r w ith in the c o m p a n y o r g a n i z a t i o n a l str u c tu re. L S —1 a. S e c r e t a r y to the s u p e r v i s o r o r head o f a s m a l l o r g a n i z a t i o n a l unit ( e . g . , f e w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; o r S E C R E T A R Y — Continued S E C R E T A R Y — Continued C la s s ific a tio n by L e v e l— Continued C l a s s i f i c a t i o n by L e v e l — Continued b. LS-2 a. b. LS-3 S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u t i v e o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is not e q u iv a le n t to one o f the s p e c i f i c l e v e l situ ations in the d e f i n i t i o n f o r L S - 3 , but w h o s e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l unit n o r m a l l y n u m b e r s at l e a s t s e v e r a l d o ze n e m p l o y e e s and is u s u a lly d i v i d e d into o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n ts wh ic h a r e often , in turn, f u r t h e r s u b d i v i d e d . In s o m e c o m p a n ie s , this l e v e l includes a w i d e range o f o r g a n i z a t i o n a l e c h e lo n s; in o t h e r s , o n ly one o r two; o r S e c r e t a r y to the head o f an in d iv id ual plant, f a c t o r y , e tc ., ( o r o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p l o y s , in all, f e w e r than 5, 0 0 0 p e r s o n s . a. S e c r e t a r y to the c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d or p r e s i d e n t o f a c om p an y th at e m p l o y s , in all , f e w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r b. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o th e r than c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c om p an y that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r c. L S —4 S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v i s o r y staff s p e c i a l i s t , p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e r o r as sis ta nt, s k i l l e d te c h n icia n o r expert, (N O T E : M a n y c o m p a n ie s a s s ig n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , r a t h e r than s e c r e t a r i e s as d e s c r i b e d ab ove, to this l e v e l o f s u p e rv is o r y o r n on su pervisory w o rk e r,) S e c r e t a r y to the head o f an in div id ual plant, f a c t o r y , e tc ., ( o r o t h e r e q u i v a l e n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r e. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f a l a r g e and i m p o r t a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m i d d l e m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v i s o r o f an o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ofte n i n v o l v i n g as m a n y as s e v e r a l hundred p e r s o n s ) o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 25, 000 p e r s o n s . b. c. L e v e l of S e c r e t a ry 's R esp o n sib ility (L R ) T h is f a c t o r e v a lu a te s the nature o f the w o r k rela tio n sh ip b etw een the s e c r e t a r y and the s u p e r v i s o r , and the extent to whic h the s e c r e t a r y is e x p e c te d to e x e r c i s e i n i t i a t i v e and ju d g m e n t. S e c r e t a r i e s should be matc hed at L R —1 o r L R —2 d e s c r i b e d b e l o w a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r l e v e l o f r e s p o n s ib ilit y . L e v e l o f R e s p o n s i b i l i t y 1 ( L R —1) P e r f o r m s v a r i e d s e c r e t a r i a l duties including o r c o m p a ra b le to m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : S e c r e t a r y to the head ( i m m e d i a t e l y b e lo w the o f f i c e r l e v e l ) o v e r e i t h e r a m a j o r c o r p o r a t e w i d e functional a c t i v i t y ( e . g . , m a r k e t i n g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t i o n s , in d u s tr ia l r e l a t i o n s , e t c . ) o r a m a j o r g eo g r a p h ic o r org a n iza tion a l segm ent (e.g., a reg io n a l headquar t e r s ; a m a j o r d i v i s i o n ) o f a com p any that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 5, 000 but f e w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 e m p l o y e e s ; o r d. a. p o s i t i o n s . V i c e p r e s i d e n t s w h o s e p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is to act p e r s o n a l l y on ind iv id u al c a s e s o r tr a n s a c ti o n s ( e . g . , a p p ro v e o r deny individual loan o r c r e d i t actions; a d m i n i s t e r ind iv id u al tr u s t accoun ts; d i r e c t l y s u p e r v i s e a c l e r i c a l s taff) a r e not c o n s i d e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r purposes o f applyin g the d e fin itio n . S e c r e t a r y to the c h a i r m a n o f the b oard of p r e s i d e n t o f a com p any th at e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5 ,000 p e r s o n s ; o r A n s w e r s te le p h o n e s , c o m in g m a i l . b. A n s w e r s te le p h on e r e q u e s t s w h ich h a ve standard a n sw er s . r e p l y to r e q u e s t s by sending a f o r m l e t t e r . c. R e v i e w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d a , and r e p o r t s p re p a r e d by o t h e rs f o r the s u p e r v i s o r ' s s ig n a tu r e to ensure p r o c e d u r a l and typograph ical accu racy. d. M aintains s u p e r v i s o r ' s in s tr u c te d . e. Types, takes greets p ersonal calendar and and t r a n s c r i b e s d ic tatio n , c a llers, makes and opens in M ay appointments as and f i l e s . L e v e l o f R e s p o n s i b i l i t y 2 ( L R —2) P e r f o r m s duties d e s c r i b e d under L R —1 and, in addition p e r f o r m s tasks r e q u i r i n g g r e a t e r ju d g m e n t, i n i t i a t i v e , and k n o w le d g e of o f f i c e functions includin g o r c o m p a r a b l e to m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r than the c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c om p an y that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 5,000 but f e w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r S e c r e t a r y to the head, i m m e d i a t e l y b e lo w the c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o f a m a j o r s e g m e n t o r s u b s id ia r y o f a c o m p a n y that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r " used in the ab ov e L S d e fi n i t i o n r e f e r s to th o s e o f f i c i a l s w h o h a ve a s i g n i f i c a n t c o r p o r a t e w i d e p o l i c y m a k i n g r o l e w ith r e g a r d to m a j o r c o m p a n y a c t i v i t i e s . The title " v ic e p re s id e n t," though n o r m a l l y i n d i c a t i v e o f this r o l e , d o e s not in all c a s e s i d e n t i f y such a. 15 a. S c r e e n s te le p h on e and p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , d e te r m i n i n g which can be handled by the s u p e r v i s o r ' s s u b ord in ate s o r other o f f i c e s . b. A n s w e r s r e q u e s t s wh ich r e q u i r e a d e ta ile d k no w ledge o f o f f i c e p r o c e d u r e s o r c o l l e c t i o n o f in f o r m a t i o n f r o m f i l e s o r other o ffic e s . M a y s ign routine c o r r e s p o n d e n c e in own o r s u p e r v i s o r ' s nam e. c. C o m p i l e s o r a s s i s t s in c o m p i l i n g p e r i o d i c o f g e n e r a l i n s tr u c tio n s . r e p o r t s on the basis S E C R E TA R Y — Continued STEN O G RAPH ER— Continued L e v e l o f R e s p o n s i b i l i t y 2 ( L R —2)— Continued o f the s p e c i f i c bus in ess o p e r a tio n s , o r g a n i z a t i o n , p o l i c i e s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o r k f l o w , e tc . U s e s this k n o w le d g e in p e r f o r m i n g s te n o g r a p h ic duties and r e s p o n s i b l e c l e r i c a l tasks such as m a i n t a i n i n g fo l l o w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b l i n g m a t e r i a l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d a , and l e t t e r s ; c o m p o s i n g s i m p l e l e t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l in str uctions; rea din g and r ou tin g i n c o m i n g m a i l ; and a n s w e r in g routin e questions, etc. d. Sc h edule s te n t a tiv e ap pointm ents withou t p r i o r c l e a r a n c e . As s e m b l e s n e c e s s a r y b ackgroun d m a t e r i a l f o r scheduled m e e t i n g s . M a k e s a r r a n g e m e n t s f o r m e e t i n g s and c o n f e r e n c e s . e. E x p la in s s u p e r v i s o r ' s r e q u i r e m e n t s to o t h e r e m p l o y e e s in s u p e r v i s o r ' s unit. ( A l s o ty p e s , takes d ic ta tio n , and f i l e s . ) TR A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T The f o l l o w i n g ta bula tion shows the l e v e l of the s e c r e t a r y f o r e a c h L S and L R c om b ination. L e v e l of s e c r e ta r y 's ______ s u p e r v i s o r _____ P r i m a r y duty is to type c o p y o f v o i c e r e c o r d e d d ic ta tio n w h ich d oes not i n v o l v e v a r i e d te c h n ica l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y such as that used in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o ty pe f r o m w r i t t e n c op y . M a y m ain ta in f i l e s , k e e p s i m p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m ot h e r r e l a t i v e l y routin e c l e r i c a l ta sks. (See S t e n o g ra p h e r d e fi n i t i o n f o r w o r k e r s i n v o lv e d with shorthand d ic tatio n .) L e v e l of s e c r e t a r y 's respon sibility L R —1 L R —2 TYP IS T C lass C lass C lass C lass LS-1 L S-2 L S -3 LS-4 E D C B C lass C lass C lass C lass D C B A U s e s a t y p e w r i t e r to m a k e c o p i e s o f v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s o r to m a k e out b i l l s a f t e r c alc ulations have b een m a d e by another p e r s o n . M a y include typing o f s te n c ils , m a ts , o r s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s f o r us e in d u p lic atin g p r o c esses. M a y do c l e r i c a l w o r k i n v o l v i n g l i t t l e s p e c i a l tr a in in g , such as k e e p in g s i m p l e r e c o r d s , f i l i n g records and r e p o r t s , o r s o r t i n g and d is tr i b u t i n g incom in g m a i l . STENOGRAPHER C l a s s A . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g ; T y p i n g m a t e r i a l in f in a l f o r m when it i n v o lv e s c o m b in in g m a t e r i a l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c o r r e c t s p e llin g , s y l l a b i c a t i o n , punctuation, e tc ., of t e c h n ic a l o r unusual w o r d s o r f o r e i g n la n gu a ge m a t e r i a l ; o r planning l a y out and ty ping o f c o m p l i c a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l ta b le s to m a in ta in u n i f o r m i t y and b alan ce in spacing. M a y type routine f o r m l e t t e r s , v a r y i n g d e ta i l s to suit circu m stan ces. P r i m a r y duty is to take d ic ta tio n using shorthand, and to t r a n s c r i b e the d ic ta tio n . M a y als o ty pe f r o m w r i t t e n c op y. M a y o p e r a t e f r o m a s te no g ra p h ic p o o l. M a y o c c a s i o n a l l y t r a n s c r i b e f r o m v o i c e r e c o r d i n g s ( i f p r i m a r y duty is t r a n s c r i b i n g f r o m r e c o r d i n g s , s e e T r a n s c r i b i n g - M a c h i n e T y p i s t ) . N O T E : T h i s jo b is d is tin g u is h e d f r o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a l l y w o r k s in a c o n fid e n t ia l r e l a t i o n s h i p with on ly one m a n a g e r o r e x e c u t i v e and p e r f o r m s m o r e r e s p o n s i b l e and d i s c r e t i o n a r y tasks as d e s c r i b e d in' the s e c r e t a r y jo b d e fin ition . C l a s s B . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g ; C o p y typing f r o m roug h o r c l e a r d r a ft s ; o r routine ty p ing o f f o r m s , i n s u r a n ce p o l i c i e s , e tc.; o r settin g up s im p le standard tab ulation s; o r c o p y in g m o r e c o m p l e x ta b le s a l r e a d y s e t up and spac ed p r o p e r l y . S t e n o g ra p h e r, G e n e r a l F IL E C LERK D ic ta tio n i n v o l v e s a n o r m a l routine v o c a b u l a r y . M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , k eep s im p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m oth e r r e l a t i v e l y routine c l e r i c a l tasks. F i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s , and r e t r i e v e s m a t e r i a l in an e s ta b lis h e d f i l i n g s y s t e m . M a y p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l tasks r e q u i r e d to m a in ta in f i l e s . P o s i t i o n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d into l e v e l s on the b a s is o f the f o l l o w i n g d e fin itio n s . S te n o g r a p h e r , S e n io r D ic ta tio n i n v o l v e s a v a r i e d te c h n ica l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y such as in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y als o s e t up and m ain ta in f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , etc . C l a s s A . C l a s s i f i e s and i n d e x e s f i l e m a t e r i a l such as c o r r e s p o n d ence, r e p o r t s , te chn ica l docum ents , e tc ., in an e s ta b l i s h e d f i l i n g s y s t e m con ta inin g a number o f v a r i e d s u b je ct m a t t e r f i l e s . M a y also f i l e this m a t e r i a l . M a y k eep r e c o r d s o f v a r i o u s ty p e s in con junction with the f i l e s . M a y le a d a s m a ll gro up o f l o w e r l e v e l f i l e c l e r k s . OR C l a s s B . S o rts, c od e s , and f i l e s u n c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l by s i m p l e (s u b j e c t m a t t e r ) headings o r p a r t l y c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l by f i n e r subheadin gs. P r e p a r e s s im p l e r e l a t e d index and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e aid s. A s requested, l o c a t e s c l e a r l y id e n tifie d m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l . May p e r f o r m r e la te d c l e r i c a l tasks r e q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n and s e r v i c e f i l e s . P e r f o r m s s te n o g r a p h ic duties r e q u i r i n g s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r inde pendence and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y than s te n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l , as e v id e n c e d by the f o l lo w in g : W o r k r e q u i r e s a high d e g r e e o f s te n o g r a p h ic speed and a c c u r a c y ; a thorough w o r k i n g k n o w l e d g e o f g e n e r a l b u siness and o f f i c e p r o c e d u r e ; and 16 F IL E C L E R K — Continued ORDER C L E R K — Continued C l a s s C . P e r f o r m s ro u tin e f i l i n g o f m a t e r i a l that has a l r e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f i e d o r w h i c h is e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s i m p l e s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n system (e.g., alphabetical, ch ron olog ica l, o r n u m erica l). A s requested, l o c a t e s r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l ; and m a y f i l l out w i t h d r a w a l c h a r g e . M a y p e r f o r m s i m p l e c l e r i c a l and m anua l tasks r e q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n and s e r v i c e f i l e s . Positions d e fin itio n s : are c la s s ifie d into le v els according to the follow ing MESSENGER C l a s s A . H an dle s o r d e r s that i n v o l v e m a k i n g judgm ents such as c h o o s in g w h ic h s p e c i f i c p ro d u c t o r m a t e r i a l f r o m the e s t a b l i s h m e n t 's p ro duct l i n e s w i l l s a t i s f y the c u s t o m e r ' s need s, o r d e t e r m i n i n g the p r i c e to be quoted when p r i c i n g i n v o l v e s m o r e than m e r e l y r e f e r r i n g to a p r i c e l i s t o r m ak ing s o m e s i m p l e m a t h e m a t i c a l c a lc u la tio n s . P e r f o r m s v a r i o u s ro u tin e duties such as running e r r a n d s , o p e r a t i n g m i n o r o f f i c e m a c h i n e s such as s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , opening and d is tr ib u t in g m ail, and o t h e r m i n o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . E x c lu d e p os itio n s that r e q u i r e o p e r a t i o n o f a m o t o r v e h i c l e as a s i g n i f i c a n t duty. C l a s s B . H an dle s o r d e r s i n v o l v i n g i t e m s w h ich ha ve r e a d i l y i d e n t i f i e d u s e s and a p p lic a tio n s . M a y r e f e r to a c a ta l o g , m a n u f a c t u r e r 's manual, o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t to in s u r e that p r o p e r i te m is sup plied o r to v e r i f y p r ic e o f o r d e r e d item . S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e ac cou nting c l e r i c a l tasks such as posting to r e g i s t e r s and l e d g e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g bank accounts; v e r i f y i n g the interna l con s i s t e n c y , c o m p l e t e n e s s , and m a t h e m a t i c a l a c c u r a c y o f accounting docum ents; a s s ig n in g p r e s c r i b e d accounting d i s tr i b u t i o n c o d e s ; e xa m in in g and v e r i f y i n g f o r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s ty p es o f r e p o r t s , l i s t s , c a lc u la tio n s , postin g, e tc .; o r p r e p a r i n g s i m p l e o r a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r i n g m o r e c o m p l i c a te d jo u rn a l vouchers. M a y w o r k in e i th e r a m anual o r au tom ated accounting s y s t e m . O p e r a t e s a t e le p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd o r c on s o le used w it h a p r i v a t e b ra n c h e xc h a n g e ( P B X ) s y s t e m to r e l a y in c o m in g, ou tgoing, and i n t r a s y s t e m c a l l s . M a y p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and t r a n s m i t m e s s a g e s , k e e p r e c o r d o f c a l l s p l a c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s i d e s o p e r a t i n g a te le p h on e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , m a y a ls o type o r p e r f o r m routin e c l e r i c a l w o r k ( t y p in g o r r ou tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y oc c up y the m a j o r p o r t i o n o f the w o r k e r ' s t i m e , and is u s u a l l y p e r f o r m e d w h i l e at the sw itc h b o a rd o r c o n s o l e ) . C h i e f o r l e a d o p e r a t o r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one o p e r a t o r are* e x c lu d e d . F o r an o p e r a t o r who als o acts as a r e c e p t i o n i s t , s e e Sw it c h b oard O p era tor-R ecep tion ist. T h e w o r k r e q u i r e s a k n o w le d g e o f c l e r i c a l m et h o d s and o f f i c e p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h ich r e l a t e s to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s i n g and r e c o r d i n g o f tr a n s a c t i o n s and ac counting i n f o r m a t i o n . W it h e x p e r i e n c e , the w o r k e r t y p i c a l l y b e c o m e s f a m i l i a r with the b o o k k e e p in g and acc ounting t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s used in the as s ig n e d w o r k , but is not r e q u i r e d to ha ve a k n o w le dg e o f the f o r m a l p r i n c i p l e s o f b oo k k e e p in g and accou nting. S W ITC H B O A R D O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T IO N IS T P o sitio n s d e fin itio n s : A t a s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n te le p h o n e s w itc h b o a rd or c o n s o l e , acts both as an o p e r a t o r — s e e S w i t c h b o a r d O p e r a t o r — and as a r e c e p t i o n i s t . Recep t i o n i s t ' s w o r k i n v o l v e s such du tie s as g r e e t i n g v i s i t o r s ; d e t e r m i n i n g nature o f v i s i t o r ' s b u s in e s s and p r o v i d i n g a p p r o p r ia t e i n fo rm a tio n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r to a p p r o p r i a t e p e r s o n in the o r g a n i z a t i o n o r con tacting that p e r s o n by t e l e phone and a r r a n g i n g an a p p oin tm en t; k e e p in g a l o g of v i s i t o r s . into levels on the b asis o f the f o llo w in g C l a s s A . U n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v i s i o n , p e r f o r m s ac counting c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s w h ich r e q u i r e the a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r i e n c e and judgment, f o r e x a m p l e , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s i n g c o m p l i c a t e d o r n o n r e p e t i t i v e accounting t r a n s a c t i o n s , s e l e c t i n g am ong a substa ntial v a r i e t y o f p r e s c r i b e d accounting c o d e s and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , o r t r a c i n g tr a n s a c t i o n s through p re v io u s ac coun ting actio ns to d e t e r m i n e s o u r c e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s . M a y be a s s is te d by one o r m o r e c l a s s B accounting c l e r k s . ORDER CLERK R e c e i v e s w r i t t e n o r v e r b a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u rch as e o r d e r s f o r m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e f r o m c u s t o m e r s o r s a le s p e o p le . W o rk ty p ica lly in vo lves s o m e c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g duties: Quoting p r i c e s ; d e t e r m i n i n g a v a i l a b i l i t y o f o r d e r e d i t e m s and s u g ge s tin g substitutes when n e c e s s a r y ; a d v i s i n g e x p e c t e d d e l i v e r y date and m ethod o f d e l i v e r y ; r e c o r d i n g o r d e r and c u s t o m e r i n f o r m a t i o n on o r d e r s h e e ts ; c h eck in g o r d e r s h e e ts f o r a c c u r a c y and a d e q u a c y o f i n f o r m a t i o n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r t a i n i n g c r e d i t r a tin g o f c u s t o m e r ; f u r n i s h i n g c u s t o m e r w i t h a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t o f r e c e i p t o f o r d e r ; f o l l o w i n g up to s e e that o r d e r is d e l i v e r e d b y the s p e c i f i e d date o r to l e t c u s t o m e r know o f a d e l a y in d e l i v e r y ; m a i n t a i n i n g o r d e r f i l e ; check ing shipping i n v o i c e against o r ig in a l o r d e r . C l a s s B . U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n , f o l l o w i n g d e ta ile d instr uctions and s ta n d a r d iz e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r f o r m s one o r m o r e routine accounting c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s , such as p os tin g to l e d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o r k s h e e ts w h e r e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f i t e m s and l o c a t i o n s o f p o s tin g s are c l e a r l y indicated; c h e c k in g a c c u r a c y and c o m p l e t e n e s s o f s ta n d a r d i z e d and r e p e t i t i v e r e c o r d s o r ac counting d o c u m e n ts ; and coding d ocum ents using a f e w p r e s c r i b e d ac counting c o d e s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a b oo kk e e p in g m a c h i n e (w ith o r w ith out a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c ti o n s . E x c l u d e w o r k e r s paid on a c o m m i s s i o n b asis o r w h o s e duties in clude any o f the f o l l o w i n g : R e c e i v i n g o r d e r s f o r s e r v i c e s r a t h e r than f o r m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e ; p r o v i d i n g c u s t o m e r s with c o n s u lta tiv e a d v ic e using k n o w l e d g e g a in e d f r o m e n g i n e e r i n g o r e x t e n s i v e te c h n ic a l tr a in in g ; e m p h a s i z i n g s e l l i n g s k i l l s ; handlin g m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e as an i n t e g r a l p a r t o f the j o b . are c la s s ifie d C l a s s A . K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u i r i n g a k n o w le d g e of e x p e r i e n c e in b a s ic b oo k k e e p in g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m i l i a r i t y with the s tructure o f the p a r t i c u l a r ac counting s y s t e m u sed . D e t e r m i n e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d e b it and c r e d i t i t e m s to be u s e d in each phase o f the w o r k . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , b a la n ce s h e e ts , and ot h e r r e c o r d s by hand. 17 B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R — Continued K E Y E N T R Y O P E R A T O R — Continued C l a s s B . K e e p s a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e p hases o r s e ctio n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a l l y r e q u i r i n g l i t t l e k n o w l e d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g . P h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s includ e accounts p a y a b le , p a y r o l l , c u s t o m e r s ' accounts (not includin g a s i m p l e ty p e o f b i l l i n g d e s c r i b e d un der m a c h i n e b i l l e r ) , c o s t d is trib u tion , e x p e n s e d is tr i b u t i o n , in v e n t o r y c o n tr o l, e tc . M a y check or a s s i s t in p r e p a r a t i o n o f t r i a l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l sheets f o r the ac counting d e p a r t m e n t . C l a s s B . W o r k is routine and r e p e t i t i v e . Under c lo s e super v i s i o n o r f o l l o w i n g s p e c i f i c p r o c e d u r e s o r i n s tr u c tio n s , w o r k s f r o m v a r io u s s ta n d a rd ize d s ou r c e docum ents w h ich h a ve b e en coded, and f o l l o w s s p e c i f i e d p r o c e d u r e s which have been p r e s c r i b e d in d e t a i l and r e q u i r e l i t t l e o r no s e l e c t i n g , coding, o r i n t e r p r e t i n g o f data to be r e c o r d e d . R e f e r s to s u p e r v i s o r p r o b l e m s a r i s i n g f r o m e r r o n e o u s i te m s o r cod e s o r m i s s i n g i n fo rm ation. M A C H IN E B IL L E R P r e p a r e s s t a te m e n ts , b i l l s , and i n v o i c e s on a m a c h i n e o t h e r than an o r d i n a r y o r e l e c t r o m a t i c t y p e w r i t e r . M a y als o k e e p r e c o r d s as to b i l l i n g s o r shipping c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n ta l to b i l l i n g operation s. F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , m a c h i n e b i l l e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d by ty pe o f m a c h i n e , as f o l l o w s : Professional and Technical C O M P U T E R SYSTEMS A N A L Y S T , A n a l y z e s business p r o b l e m s to f o r m u l a t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o l v i n g th em by us e o f e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g equ ip m en t. D e v e l o p s a c o m p l e t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f all s p e c i f i c a ti o n s need ed to enable p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u i r e d d i g i t a l c o m p u te r p r o g r a m s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : A n a l y z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a tio n s to be autom ate d and i d e n t i f i e s c on ditions and c r i t e r i a r e q u i r e d to a c h ie v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s nu m b e r and ty p es o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d ocum ents to be used ; o u tlin es actions to be p e r f o r m e d by p e rs o n n e l and c o m p u te r s in s u f f i c i e n t d e t a i l f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m i n g ( t y p i c a l l y th is i n v o l v e s p r e p a r a t i o n o f w o r k and data f l o w c h a r ts ); c o o r d i n a te s the d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b l e m s and p a r t i c i p a t e s in t r i a l runs o f new and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s e qu ip m en t changes to obtain m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a t i o n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g both s y s te m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m i n g should be c l a s s i f i e d as s y s te m s analysts i f this is the s k i l l used to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r p a y .) B i l l i n g - m a c h i n e b i l l e r . U s e s a s p e c i a l b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ( c o m b in a tio n ty ping and adding m a c h i n e ) to p r e p a r e b i l l s and i n v o i c e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r ch a s e o r d e r s , in tern a lly p re p a r e d o r d e r s , shipping m e m o r a n d a , e tc . U s u a l l y i n v o l v e s a p p lic a tio n o f p r e d e t e r m i n e d d is co unts and shipping c h a r g e s and e n tr y o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s io n s , w h ic h m a y o r m a y not be com p uted on the b i l l i n g m a c h i n e , and to tals w h ich a r e a u t o m a t i c a l l y a c c u m u la te d by m a c h in e . T h e o p e r a t i o n u s u a lly i n v o l v e s a l a r g e n u m b er o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f the b i l l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is o fte n done on a fa n fo ld m a c h i n e . B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e b i l l e r . U s e s a b oo kk e e p in g m a c h i n e (w ith o r with out a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p a r t o f the accounts r e c e i v a b l e o p e r a t i o n . G e n e r a l l y i n v o l v e s the s im u ltan e o u s e n t r y o f f i g u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' l e d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m a c h in e a u t o m a t i c a l l y ac c u m u la te s f i g u r e s on a n u m b er o f v e r t i c a l colu m n s and c om p u te s and u s u a lly p rin ts a u t o m a t i c a l l y the d e b i t o r c r e d i t b a l a n c e s . D o e s not i n v o l v e a k n o w le d g e o f b oo k k e e p in g . W o r k s f r o m u n i fo r m and standa rd ty p es o f s a le s and c re d it slips. D o e s not include e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f oth e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r s y s te m s an aly sts p r i m a r i l y c o n ce r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c o r e n g i n e e r i n g p r o b l e m s . P A Y R O L L CLERK For are cla s s ifie d into l e v e l s on alp ha be tic and/or the b as is o f the p u rp o s es , system s an alysts are c la ssified as follow ing M a y p r o v i d e fu nctional who a r e assign ed to a s s is t. C l a s s A . W o r k r e q u i r e s the a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r i e n c e and j u d g m e n t in s e l e c t i n g p r o c e d u r e s to be f o l l o w e d and in s e a r c h i n g f o r , i n t e r p r e t i n g , s e l e c t i n g , o r coding i t e m s to be k eyp unch ed f r o m a v a r i e t y o f s o u r c e docu m ents. On o c c a s i o n m a y a ls o p e r f o r m s o m e routin e keyp unch w o r k . M a y tr a i n i n e x p e r i e n c e d keypun ch o p e r a t o r s . study C l a s s A . W o r k s in dependently o r un der o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s i n v o lv in g all phas e s o f s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s . P ro b lem s are c o m p l e x b e ca u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s o f input d ata and m u l t i p l e - u s e r e q u i r e ments o f output data. ( F o r e x a m p l e , d e v e l o p s an i n t e g r a t e d p ro d u c tio n s c hed uling, i n v e n t o r y c o n tro l, c o s t a n a l y s i s , and s a l e s a n a ly s is r e c o r d in w h ic h e v e r y ite m o f each type is a u t o m a t i c a l l y p r o c e s s e d th ro ugh the full s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p ro p ria t e f o l l o w u p actions a r e in it ia te d by the c o m p u t e r . ) C o n f e r s w ith p e rs o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the data p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v is es s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the i m p l i c a t io n s o f n e w o r r e v i s e d s y s te m s of data p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t i o n s . M a k e s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , i f needed, f o r a p p ro v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s i n s ta lla tio n s o r chan ges and f o r obta ining equipment. KEY ENTRY OPERATOR P o sitio n s d e fin ition s : w ag e follo w s: P e r f o r m s the c l e r i c a l tasks n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o l l s and to m a in ta in p a y r o l l r e c o r d s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s ' t i m e o r p r o d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; adjustin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s f o r chan ges in w a g e r a t e s , s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s , o r tax d edu ctio ns; e d itin g p a y r o l l l i s t i n g s a g a in s t s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; t r a c i n g and c o r r e c t i n g e r r o r s in l i s t i n g s ; and a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r a t i o n o f p e r i o d i c s u m m a r y p a y r o l l r e p o r t s . In a nonautomated p a y r o l l s y s t e m , c om p u te s w a g e s . W o r k m a y r e q u i r e a p r a c t i c a l k n o w le d g e o f g o v e r n m e n t a l r e g u l a t i o n s , c o m p a n y p a y r o l l p o l i c y , o r the c o m p u te r s y s t e m f o r p r o c e s s i n g p a y r o l l s . O p e r a t e s a keypun ch m a c h in e to r e c o r d o r v e r i f y n u m e r ic data on tabula ting c a r d s o r on tape. B U S IN E S S d i r e c t i o n to lo w e r le v e l system s analysts C l a s s B . W o r k s ind ep end ently o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on p r o b l e m s that are r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p lic a te d to a n a l y z e , plan, p r o g r a m , and o p e r a t e . P r o b l e m s a r e o f l i m i t e d c o m p l e x i t y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a r e h o m o gen eo us and the output d a ta a r e c l o s e l y r e l a t e d . ( F o r exam ple, 18 C O M P U T E R SYSTE M S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS— Continued C O M P U T E R PR O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS— Continued d e v e l o p s s y s t e m s f o r m a i n t a i n i n g d e p o s i t o r accounts in a bank, m a in ta in in g ac cou nts r e c e i v a b l e in a r e t a i l e s ta b lis h m en t, o r m a in ta in in g in v e n t o r y accounts in a m a n u f a c t u r i n g o r w h o l e s a l e e s ta b lis h m e n t.) C o n f e r s w it h p e r sons c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the data p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v is es s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the im p l i c a t io n s o f the data p r o c e s s i n g s y s te m s to be ap p lie d. A t this l e v e l , p r o g r a m m i n g is d i f f i c u l t b e c a u s e c om p u te r equ ipm en t m u s t be o r g a n i z e d to p r o d u c e s e v e r a l i n t e r r e l a t e d but d i v e r s e pro ducts f r o m nu m erous and d i v e r s e d ata e l e m e n t s . A w i d e v a r i e t y and e x te n s i v e number o f i n t e r n a l p r o c e s s i n g ac tions m u s t o c c u r . T h i s r e q u i r e s such actions as d e v e l o p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a tio n s wh ich can be r eu se d , e s ta b lis h m en t o f l in k a g e p oin ts b e tw e e n o p e r a t i o n s , ad ju stm ents to data when p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s e x c e e d c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c ity , and substantial m anip ulation and r e s e q u e n c i n g o f data e l e m e n t s to f o r m a h ig h ly in t e g r a te d p r o g r a m . OR W o r k s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p l e x data p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m , as d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A . W o r k s in dependently on routin e a s s i g n m e n t s and r e c e i v e s i n s t r u c t i o n and guidance on c o m p l e x a s s i g n m e n t s . W o r k is r e v i e w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p l i a n c e with in s tr u c tio n s , and to i n s u r e p r o p e r a l i g n m e n t w i t h the o v e r a l l s y s te m . C l a s s C . W o r k s u n der i m m e d i a t e s u p e r v is io n , c a r r y i n g out analy s e s as a s s i g n e d , u s u a l l y o f a s in g le a c t i v i t y . A s s i g n m e n t s a r e d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p and expan d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e in the ap p lication o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k i l l s r e q u i r e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s is w o r k . F o r e x a m p l e , m a y a s s i s t a h ig h e r l e v e l s y s t e m s a n a ly s t by p r e p a r i n g the d e ta i l e d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u i r e d by p ro gra m m ers from i n f o r m a t i o n d e v e l o p e d by the h i g h e r l e v e l analy st. are M a y p r o v i d e functional d i r e c t i o n to l o w e r l e v e l a s s ig n e d to a s s i s t . p r o g r a m m e r s who C l a s s B . W o r k s ind ep end ently o r un der on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e p r o g r a m s , o r on s i m p l e s e g m e n ts o f c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n t s ) u s u a lly p r o c e s s i n f o r m a t i o n to pro d u c e data in two o r t h r e e v a r i e d s e q u e n c e s o r f o r m a t s . R e p o r t s and l i s t i n g s a r e p rod uced by r e f i n i n g , adapting, a r r a y i n g , o r m a k in g m i n o r addition s to o r d e le t io n s f r o m input data w h ic h a r e r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e . W h i l e nu m e rous r e c o r d s m a y be p r o c e s s e d , the data have b e en r e f i n e d in p r i o r actions so that the a c c u r a c y and s e q u e n c in g o f data can be te s te d b y using a f e w routine c heck s. T y p i c a l l y , the p r o g r a m d e a ls w ith r o u t i n e r e c o r d k e e p i n g o p e r a tio n s . OR COMPUTER PROGRAMMER, B USINE SS C o n v e r t s s t a t e m e n t s o f b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s , t y p i c a l l y p r e p a r e d b y a s y s t e m s an a ly s t, into a s e qu e n c e o f d e t a i l e d in s tru c tio ns w h ic h a r e r e q u i r e d tq s o l v e the p r o b l e m s b y a u tom atic data p r o c e s s i n g equipm en t. W o r k i n g f r o m c h a r ts o r d i a g r a m s , the p r o g r a m m e r d e v e l o p s the p r e c i s e in s tr u c tio n s wh ich , wh en e n t e r e d into the c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in coded lan gua ge, caus e the m a n ip u l a t i o n o f d a ta to a c h i e v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : A p p l i e s k n o w l e d g e o f c o m p u te r c a p a b i l i t i e s , m a t h e m a t i c s , l o g i c e m p l o y e d b y c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t i c u l a r s ub je ct m a t t e r in v o l v e d to an a lyz e c h a r ts and d i a g r a m s o f the p r o b l e m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e l o p s sequ e n c e o f p r o g r a m s te p s ; w r i t e s d e t a i l e d f l o w charts to show o r d e r in w h ic h data w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r t s t h e s e c h arts to cod ed in s tr u c tio n s f o r m a c h i n e to f o l l o w ; t e s t s and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s tru c tio n s f o r o p e r a tin g p e r s o n n e l d u r in g p r o d u c t i o n run; a n a l y z e s , r e v i e w s , and a l t e r s p r o g r a m s to i n c r e a s e o p e r a t i n g e f f i c i e n c y o r adapt to new r e q u i r e m e n t s ; m a in ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e l o p m e n t and r e v i s i o n s . ( N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g both s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s and p r o g r a m m i n g should be c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s an a ly s ts i f this is the s k i l l used to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r pay.) D o e s not in c lu d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d with s c i e n t i f i c and/or e n g i n e e r i n g p r o b l e m s . F o r wage stu dy p u r p o s e s , p r o g r a m m e r s are c la s s ifie d as f o l l o w s : C l a s s A . W o r k s in d ep end ently o r under o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h i c h r e q u i r e c o m p e t e n c e in all p h as e s o f p r o g r a m m i n g c o n c e p ts and p r a c t i c e s . W o r k i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and charts w h ich id e n ti f y the natu re o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g steps to be a c c o m p l i s h e d , and the r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n v a r i o u s steps o f the p r o b l e m s o l v i n g rou tin e ; pla ns the f u l l r a n g e o f p r o g r a m m i n g actio ns needed to e f f i c i e n t l y u t i l i z e the c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in a c h i e v i n g d e s i r e d end p ro d u c ts . W o r k s on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r i b e d f o r c las s A ) under c l o s e d ire c tio n o f a higher le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e rv is o r . M a y a s s i s t h ig h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r by ind ep end ently p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i f fi c u l t tasks assigned, and p e r f o r m i n g m o r e d i f f i c u l t tasks un der f a i r l y c l o s e d i r e c t i o n . M a y guide o r in s tr u c t l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C l a s s C . M a k e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic ation s o f p r o g r a m m i n g p r a c t i c e s and c on ce p ts u s u a lly l e a r n e d in f o r m a l t r a in in g c o u r s e s . A s s i g n m e n t s are d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p c o m p e t e n c e in the ap p lication o f standard p r o c e d u r e s to rou tin e p r o b l e m s . R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n on new as pects o f a s s ign m e n ts ; and w o r k is r e v i e w e d to v e r i f y its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e with requ ired procedures. COMPUTER OPERATOR M o n i t o r s and o p e r a t e s the c o n t r o l c o n s o le o f a d i g i t a l c om p u te r to p r o c e s s d ata a c c o r d i n g to o p e r a t i n g in s tr u c tio n s , u s u a lly p r e p a r e d by a p r o gram m er. W o r k in clud es m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g ; Studies in str uctions to d e t e r m i n e e qu ip m en t setup and o p e r a t i o n s ; loa ds equip m en t with r e q u i r e d i t e m s (tap e r e e l s , c a r d s , e tc . ) ; s w itc h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x i l i a r y equ ipm en t into c i r c u i t , and s ta r ts and o p e r a t e s c o m p u te r; m a k e s ad justm ents to c o m p u te r to c o r r e c t o p e r a t i n g p r o b l e m s and m e e t s p e c i a l c on ditio ns ; r e v i e w s e r r o r s m a d e d u r in g o p e r a t i o n and d e t e r m i n e s cau s e o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m to s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m a in ta in s o p e r a t i n g r e c o r d s . M a y te s t and a s s i s t in correctin g program . F o r wage study purposes, c o m p u te r operators are cla ssified as follow s; C l a s s A . O p e r a t e s ind ep end ently, o r under on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c ti o n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s with m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ; N e w p r o g r a m s a r e f r e q u e n t l y te s te d and intro du ce d ; scheduling r e q u i r e m e n t s C O M PU TE R O P E R A T O R — Continued D R A F T E R — Continued a r e o f c r i t i c a l i m p o r t a n c e to m i n i m i z e d o w n tim e ; the p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p l e x d e s i g n so that id e n t i f i c a t i o n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o fte n r e q u i r e s a w o r k i n g k n o w le d g e o f the to tal p r o g r a m , and a l t e r n a t e p r o g r a m s m a y not be a v a i l a b l e . M a y g i v e d i r e c t i o n and guid ance to l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . C l a s s C . P r e p a r e s d e ta il d r a w i n g s o f s i n g l e units o r p a r ts f o r e n g in e e r in g , const ru ction, m a n u fa c tu rin g, o r r e p a i r p u r p o s e s . Types of d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d include i s o m e t r i c p r o j e c t i o n s ( d e p i c t i n g th r e e d im e n s io n s in ac c u rate s c a l e ) and s e c t io n a l v i e w s to c l a r i f y p o s itio n in g o f com pon ents and c o n v e y needed in f o r m a tio n . C o n s o l i d a t e s d e t a i l s f r o m a n u m b er o f s o u r c e s and adjusts o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a l e as r e q u i r e d . Sugg est ed m et h o d s o f ap pro ach, a p p lic ab le p re c e d e n ts , and a d v i c e on s o u r c e m a t e r i a l s a r e g iv e n w ith in itia l as s ign m e n ts . Instructio n s a r e l e s s c o m p l e t e when a s s ig n m e n ts recur. W o r k m a y be s p ot- c h e c k e d during p r o g r e s s . C l a s s B . O p e r a t e s independently, o r under o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s with m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : M o s t o f the p r o g r a m s a r e e s ta b lis h e d p ro d u c tio n runs, t y p i c a l l y run on a r e g u l a r l y r e c u r r i n g b a s i s ; t h e r e is l i t t l e o r no t e s tin g o f new p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d ; a l te r n a t e p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v i d e d in c a s e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m needs m a j o r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d w it h in a r e a s o n a b l y s h o rt t i m e . In c o m m o n e r r o r situatio ns, d i a g n o s e s caus e and ta kes c o r r e c t i v e ac tion. T h is u s u a lly i n v o l v e s ap ply in g p r e v i o u s l y p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t i v e s tep s, o r using standa rd c o r r e c t i o n te c h n iq u e s . D R A FTE R -TR A C E R C o p ie s cloth o r pap er include tr a c i n g l a r g e s c a le not plans and d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s b y p la c in g t r a c i n g o v e r d ra w in g s and t r a c i n g w ith pen o r p e n c i l . ( D o e s not l i m i t e d to plans p r i m a r i l y c o n s i s t i n g o f s t r a i g h t l in e s and a r e q u i r i n g c l o s e d e lin e a tio n . ) AND/OR OR O p e r a t e s un der d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n a c o m p u t e r running p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A . M a y a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r by in d ep end ently p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i f f i c u l t tasks as s ign e d, and p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t tasks f o l l o w i n g d e t a i l e d in s tru c tio n s and with fr e q u e n t r e v i e w o f o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d . C l a s s C . W o r k s on routine p r o g r a m s un der c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n . Is e x p e c te d to d e v e l o p w o r k i n g k n o w le d g e o f the c o m p u te r e qu ip m en t u s e d and a b ility to d e t e c t p r o b l e m s i n v o l v e d in running routin e p r o g r a m s . U s u a l l y has r e c e i v e d s o m e f o r m a l tr a i n i n g in c o m p u te r o p e r a t i o n . M a y a s s i s t h ig h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . DRAFTER C l a s s A . P l a n s the g r a p h i c p r e s e n t a t i o n o f c o m p l e x i te m s having d i s t i n c t i v e d e s i g n f e a t u r e s that d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m e s ta b lis h e d d ra ft in g preceden ts. W o r k s in c l o s e sup por t w ith the d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r , and m a y r e c o m m e n d m i n o r d e s i g n c han ges. A n a l y z e s the e f f e c t o f each chan ge on the d e ta ils o f f o r m , function, and p o s i t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f com ponen ts and p a r t s . W o r k s w ith a m i n i m u m o f s u p e r v i s o r y a s s i s t a n c e . C o m p l e t e d w o r k is r e v i e w e d by d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g i n e e r i n g d e t e r m i n a t i o n s . M a y e i t h e r p r e p a r e d r a w in g s o r d i r e c t t h e i r p r e p a r a t i o n by low er le v e l d ra fters . C l a s s B . P e r f o r m s nonrou tine and c o m p l e x d r a ft i n g a s s ign m e n ts that r e q u i r e the a p p lic a tio n o f m o s t o f the s ta n d a r d i z e d d r a w in g techr iques r e g u l a r l y used . D uties t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e such w o r k as: P r e p a r e s w orking d ra w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b l i e s with i r r e g u l a r sha pes, m u l t i p l e fu nctions, and p r e c i s e p o s i t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e tw e e n com p on e n ts ; p r e p a r e s a r c h i t e c t u r a l d r a w in g s f o r c o n s t ru c tio n o f a build in g in cludin g d e t a i l d r a w i n g s o f foun datio ns, w a l l s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p lans, and r o o f . U s e s ac c e p ted f o r m u l a s and m anuals in m a k in g n e c e s s a r y c om p uta tions to d e t e r m i n e quantities o f m a t e r i a l s to be used, lo a d c a p a c i t i e s , s tr e n g t h s , s t r e s s e s , e tc . R e c e i v e s in itia l in s tr u c tio n s , r e q u i r e m e n t s , and a d v ic e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r . C o m p l e t e d w o r k is c h e c k e d f o r t e c h n i c a l ad equac y. P r e p a r e s s i m p l e o r r e p e t i t i v e d r a w i n g s o f e a s i l y v i s u a l i z e d i te m s . W o r k is c l o s e l y s u p e r v i s e d during p r o g r e s s . E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N W o r k s on v ariou s ty pes o f e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t and r e l a t e d d e v i c e s by p e r f o r m i n g one o r a c om b ination o f the f o l l o w i n g : I n s ta llin g , m a in ta in in g , r e p a i r i n g , ov e rh au lin g, trou b le s h o otin g, m o d i f y i n g , c o n s t ru c tin g , and t e s tin g . W o r k r e q u i r e s p r a c t i c a l ap p lication o f te c h n i c a l k n o w l e d g e o f e l e c t r o n i c s p r i n c i p l e s , ab ility to d e t e r m i n e m a lfu n c tio n s , and s k i l l to put equip m en t in r e q u i r e d o p e r a tin g condition. The equipment— c on sis tin g o f e i t h e r m a n y d i f f e r e n t kinds o f c i r c u i t s o r m u l t i p l e r ep e titio n o f the s am e kind o f c i r c u i t — i n c lu d e s , but is not l i m i t e d to, the f o llo w in g : (a) E l e c t r o n i c t r a n s m i t t i n g and r e c e i v i n g equip m en t ( e . g . , r a d a r , ra d io , t e l e v i s i o n , te lephone, s on ar, n a v ig a tio n a l aid s ), (b) d i g i t a l and an alog c o m p u te rs , and (c ) in d u s trial and m e d i c a l m e a s u r i n g and c o n t r o l l i n g equ ip m en t. T h i s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n e x clud es r e p a i r e r s o f such s ta n dard e l e c t r o n i c e quip m en t as c om m o n o f f i c e m a c h in e s and h ousehold r a d i o and t e l e v i s i o n s ets ; pro duction a s s e m b l e r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y duty is s e r v i c i n g e l e c t r o n i c te s t in s tr u m e n ts ; te c h n ic ia n s who h a ve a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o r s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ; and d r a f t e r s , d e s i g n e r s , and p r o f e s s i o n a l en gin eers. P ositions d e fin itio n s . are c la ssified into le v els on the b asis o f the follo w in g C l a s s A . A p p l i e s advanced t e c h n i c a l k n o w l e d g e to s o l v e unusually c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , those that t y p i c a l l y can not be s o l v e d s o l e l y by r e f e r ence to m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m an uals o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n ts ) in w o r k i n g on e l e c t r o n i c equipment. E x a m p l e s o f such p r o b l e m s include lo c a t i o n and d e n s i t y o f c i r c u i t r y , e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c r ad ia tion , is o l a t i n g m a l f u n c ti o n s , and f re q u e n t e n g i n e e r i n g changes. W o r k i n v o l v e s : A d e t a i l e d un de rs tand in g o f the i n t e r r e la tio n s h ip s of c i r c u i t s ; e x e r c i s i n g in d ep end ent j u d g m e n t in p e r f o r m i n g such tasks as m aking c i r c u i t a n alyses, c a l c u l a t i n g w a v e f o r m s , t r a c i n g r e l a t i o n ships in s ign a l flow ; and r e g u l a r l y u sing c o m p l e x te s t in s tr u m e n ts ( e . g . , dual trace oscilloscope ’ Q - m e t e r s , d e v i a t i o n m e t e r s , p u ls e g e n e r a t o r s ) . E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — Continued M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R — Continued W o r k m a y be r e v i e w e d by s u p e r v i s o r ( f r e q u e n t l y an e n g i n e e r o r d e s i g n e r ) f o r g e n e r a l c o m p l i a n c e with ac c e pted p r a c t i c e s . M ay provide t e c h n i c a l g uid ance to l o w e r l e v e l te c h n icia n s . l a y in g out o f w o r k f r o m b lu e p rin ts , d r a w i n g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l instr uctions; using a v a r i e t y o f c a r p e n t e r ' s handtools, p o r ta b le p o w e r tools, and standard m e a s u r i n g in s tr u m e n ts ; m a k in g stan da rd shop com puta tions rela tin g to d i m e n s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l s n e c e s s a r y f o r the w o rk . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ain te n an c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u i r e s rounded tr ainin g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d through a f o r m a l ap p ren ticesh ip o r e qu iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . C l a s s B . A p p l i e s c o m p r e h e n s i v e te c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to s o l v e c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , th o s e that t y p i c a l l y can be solved s o l e l y by p r o p e r l y i n t e r p r e t i n g m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m anua ls o r s i m i l a r docum ents ) in w o r k i n g on e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s : A f a m i l i a r i t y with the i n t e r r e l a t i o n ships o f c i r c u i t s ; and j u d g m e n t in d e te r m i n i n g w o r k sequ ence and in s e l e c t i n g to o ls and te s ti n g in s t r u m e n t s , u s u ally l e s s c o m p l e x than th ose used by the c l a s s A te c h n ic ia n . M AIN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l guid an ce, as r e q u i r e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n icia n , and w o r k is r e v i e w e d f o r s p e c i f i c c o m p l i a n c e with a c c e p ted p r a c t i c e s and w o r k a s s i g n m e n t s . M a y p r o v i d e te chn ic al guidance to l o w e r l e v e l te c h n i c i a n s . C l a s s C . A p p l i e s w o r k i n g te c h n ica l k nowle dge to p e r f o r m s i m p l e o r rou tin e tasks in w o r k i n g on e l e c t r o n i c equipment, f o llo w in g d e ta ile d in s t r u c tions w h ich c o v e r v i r t u a l l y all p r o c e d u r e s . W o r k t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e s such tasks as: A s s i s t i n g h i g h e r l e v e l te chn ic ians b y p e r f o r m i n g such a c t i v i t i e s as r e p l a c i n g c om p on e n ts , w i r i n g c i r c u i t s , and taking test r e a d i n g s ; r e p a i r i n g s i m p l e e l e c t r o n i c e q u ip m en t; and using tools and c om m o n t e s t instr um ents ( e . g . , m u l t i m e t e r s , audio s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tube t e s t e r s , o s c i l l o s c o p e s ) . Is not r e q u i r e d to be f a m i l i a r with the in te r r e l a ti o n s h i p s o f c i r c u i t s . T h is k n o w l e d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y be a c qu ire d through as s ig n m e n ts d e s ig n e d to i n c r e a s e c o m p e t e n c e ( in c lu d in g c l a s s r o o m tr ain in g) so that w o r k e r can , ad vance to h i g h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n . R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l guid an ce, as r e q u i r e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n . W o r k is t y p i c a l l y spot checked, but is g i v e n d e ta ile d r e v i e w when new o r ad vanced a s s i g n m e n ts ar e in v o lv e d . R E G IS TE R E D IN D U S T R IA L NURSE A r e g i s t e r e d nu rs e wh o g i v e s nu rsing s e r v i c e un der g e n e r a l m e d i c a l d i r e c t i o n to i l l o r in j u r e d e m p l o y e e s o r oth e r pe rs on s who b e c o m e i l l o r s u f f e r an a c c i d e n t on the p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. D u tie s i n v o l v e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g : G iv ing f i r s t aid to the i l l o r in ju re d ; atten ding to subsequent d r e s s i n g o f e m p l o y e e s ' i n j u r i e s ; k e e p in g r e c o r d s o f p atie n ts t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r i n g ac c id en t r e p o rts f o r c om p e n s a tio n o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t i n g in p h y s i c a l e xam in a tion s and health e valuations o f ap p licants and e m p l o y e e s ; and planning and c a r r y i n g out p r o g r a m s i n v o lv in g health education , a c c i d e n t p re v e n tio n , evalu atio n o f plant e n v ir o n m e n t, o r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s a f f e c t i n g the health, w e l f a r e , and safe ty o f all p e r s o n n e l . N u r s i n g s u p e r v i s o r s o r head n u rs e s in e s tab li shm en ts e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one nu rse a r e e x c lu d e d . M A IN T E N A N C E P A IN T E R P a in t s and r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and f ix tu r e s o f an e s tab lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s the f o l l o w i n g : K n o w l e d g e o f s u r fa c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s and ty p es o f paint r e q u i r e d f o r d i f f e r e n t ap p lic atio n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r fa c e f o r painting by r e m o v i n g old fin is h o r by p la c in g putty o r f i l l e r in nail h o le s and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and applyin g paint with s p r a y gun o r brush. M ay m i x c o l o r s , o i l s , w h ite lead , and oth e r paint i n g r ed ie n ts to obtain p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s i s te n c y . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ainte n ance painter r e q u i r e s rounded tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u all y a c qu ir e d through a f o r m a l ap p re n tic es h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M A C H IN IS T P r o d u c e s r e p l a c e m e n t p arts and new p arts in m ak ing r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p arts o f m e c h a n i c a l equip m en t o p e r a te d in an e s tab lis h m en t. W ork i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : I n t e r p r e t i n g w r i t t e n instr uctions and s p e c i fic a ti o n s ; planning and la y in g out o f w o r k ; using a v a r i e t y o f m a c h in is t's handtools and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g in s tr u m e n ts ; setting up and op e ratin g standa rd m a c h in e t o o l s ; shaping o f m e t a l p arts to c l o s e t o le r a n c e s ; m aking standa rd shop com puta tions r e l a t i n g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , tooling, f e e d s , and s p ee d s o f m a c h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f the c om m o n m e t a l s ; s e l e c t i n g standa rd m a t e r i a l s , p a r ts , and equipm en t r e q u ire d f o r this w o r k ; and fittin g and a s s e m b l i n g p arts into m e c h a n i c a l equipment. In g e n e r a l , the m a c h i n i s t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a rounded tr ainin g in m a c h i n e - s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d through a f o r m a l ap p ren ticesh ip o r e qu iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant M A I N T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M ach in ery ) M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l equip m en t o f an e s tab lishm en t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n ic a l e quip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f troub le ; d is m a n tlin g o r p a r t l y d ism an tling m a c h in e s and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that m a i n l y i n v o l v e the use o f handtools in s c r a p i n g and f ittin g p a r ts ; r e p l a c i n g b ro k en o r d e f e c t i v e parts with ite m s P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n t r y duties n e c e s s a r y to c o n s t ru c t and m a in ta in in good r e p a i r b u ild in g w o o d w o r k and equipm en t such as bins, c rib s , cou n te rs , b e n c h e s , p a r t i t i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s in g s , and t r i m m ad e o f w o od in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and P e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l tr a d e functions such as the in s ta l lation, m ain te n an c e , o r r e p a i r o f equip m en t f o r the g en e ra tion , distr ibutio n, o r u ti l i z a t i o n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o lve s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : In s ta llin g o r r e p a i r i n g any o f a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l equipm en t such as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w itc h b o a rd s , c o n t r o l l e r s , c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , he ating units, conduit s y s t e m s , o r oth e r tr a n s m i s s i o n equ ip m en t; w o r k i n g f r o m b lu e p rin ts , d r a w i n g s , layouts, o r other s p e c i f i cations; l o c a t in g and d ia g n os in g tr o u b le in the e l e c t r i c a l s ys te m o r equip m en t; w o r k i n g standa rd com puta tions r e la tin g to loa d r e q u i r e m e n ts o f w i r i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l equip m ent; and using a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n ' s handtools and m e a s u r i n g and t e s tin g i n s tr u m e n ts . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ainte nance e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s rounded tr a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u ally ac quired through a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e qu iv a le n t tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . 21 M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M ach in ery)— Continued M IL L W R IG H T obtained f r o m sto ck ; o r d e r i n g the p r o d u c tio n o f a r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t by a m a c h in e shop o r sending the m a c h i n e to a m a c h i n e shop f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r the p ro d u c tion o f parts o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h i n e shops; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h i n e s ; and m a k in g all n e c e s s a r y adju stm ents f o r o p e r a t i o n . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a c h i n e r y m ainte n anc e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s roun ded tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u ally a c qu ire d thro ugh a f o r m a l a p p r e n ti c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i ence. E x c lu d e d f r o m this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y duties in v o l v e s e ttin g up o r adjustin g m a c h i n e s . I n s tall s new m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e qu ip m en t, and d i s m a n t l e s and in s ta lls m a c h in e s o r h e a v y equip m en t w h en ch an ge s in the p lant l a y o u t a r e requ ired. W o r k in v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g ; P la n n in g and l a y i n g out w o r k ; in t e r p r e t i n g b lu e p rin ts o r oth e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u sing a v a r i e t y o f handto o ls and r i g g i n g ; m a k in g standa rd shop c om p u ta tio n s r e l a t i n g to s t r e s s e s , stren gth o f m a t e r i a l s , and c e n te r s o f g r a v i t y ; a lig n in g and b a la n c in g equip m en t; s e l e c t i n g standard to o ls , equip m en t, and p a r t s to be used; and in s ta llin g and m ain ta in in g in good o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t such as d r i v e s and sp ee d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l , the m i l l w r i g h t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a rounded train in g and e x p e r i e n c e in the t r a d e a c q u i r e d th ro ugh a f o r m a l a p p r e n ti c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M o to r veh icle) R e p a i r s a u t o m o b ile s , buses, m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g ; E x a m i n i n g au t o m o tiv e equip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d i s a s s e m b l i n g e qu ip m en t and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that i n v o l v e the us e o f such handtools as w r e n c h e s , g a u g es , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e qu ip m en t in d i s a s s e m b l i n g o r f i tti n g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b ro k en o r d e f e c t i v e p a r ts f r o m stock; g r in d in g and adjustin g v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g and i n s ta llin g the v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s in the v e h i c l e and m a k in g n e c e s s a r y ad justm ents ; and ali g n in g w h e e l s , adjustin g b r a k e s and l i g h t s , o r tighte nin g body b o lts . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m o t o r v e h i c l e m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s rounded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d through a form e d ap p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t tr a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . T h i s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n does not in clude m e c h a n i c s w h o t o m e r s ' v e h i c l e s in a u to m o b ile r e p a i r shops. rep air M AIN TE N A N C E TRADES H ELPER A s s i s t s one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k i l l e d m a i n te n a n c e t r a d e s , by p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l duties o f l e s s e r s k i l l , such as k e e p i n g a w o r k e r supplied with m a t e r i a l s ahd t o o l s ; c l e a n i n g w o r k i n g a r e a , m a c h i n e , and equipm en t; a s s i s t i n g jo u r n e y m a n b y h o ld ing m a t e r i a l s o r to o l s ; and p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r un sk il led tasks as d i r e c t e d by j o u r n e y m a n . T h e kind o f w o r k the h e l p e r is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e to t r a d e : In s o m e tr a d e s the h e l p e r is con fin ed to sup plying, l i f t i n g , and h o ld ing m a t e r i a l s and to o ls , and cleanin g w o r k i n g a r e a s ; and in o t h e r s he is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m ac h in e o p e r a tio n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e that a r e a ls o p e r f o r m e d by w o r k e r s on a f u l l - t i m e b a s is . cus M A IN T E N A N C E P IP E F IT T E R I n s ta lls o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s te a m , gas, o r o t h e r ty p es o f pip e and p ip efittin g s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : L a y i n g out w o r k and m e a s u r i n g to l o c a t e p o s i ti o n o f p ip e f r o m d r a w i n g s o r oth e r w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; cutting v a r i o u s s i z e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t length s with c h i s e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y l e n e to r c h o r p i p e - c u t t i n g m a c h i n e s ; th re ad in g pipe with stocks and d ie s; bending p ip e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h in e s ; a s s e m b l i n g p ip e with cou p li n gs and fa s te n in g p ip e to h a n g er s ; m ak in g standa rd shop com puta tions r e l a t i n g to p r e s s u r e s , f l o w , and s i z e o f pipe r e q u i r e d ; and m a k i n g standa rd te s ts to d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r fin is h e d pipes m eet specificatio n s. In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ain te n a n c e p i p e f i t t e r r e q u i r e s rounded t r a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d th ro ugh a f o r m a l ap p re n tic e s h ip o r e qu iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . W orkers p rim a rily engaged in i n s ta llin g and r e p a i r i n g build in g s anit ation o r he ating s y s t e m s a r e exclud ed . M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T -M E T A L W ORKER M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T oo lro om ) S p e c i a l i z e s in o p e r a tin g one o r m o r e than one ty pe o f m a c h i n e to o l ( e . g . , j i g b o r e r , g rin d in g m a c h in e , e ng in e lath e, m i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) to m a c h i n e m e t a l f o r use in m ak in g o r m a in ta in in g j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cutting t o o l s , gau g es , o r m e t a l d i e s o r m o l d s used in shaping o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m e ta l l i c m a t e r i a l ( e . g . , p la s tic , p l a s t e r , r u b b e r , g l a s s ) . W o rk typ ica lly in vo lves; P la n n in g and p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t m a c h i n i n g o p e r a t i o n s w h ich r e q u i r e c o m p l i c a te d setups o r a high d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; s e ttin g up m a c h i n e t o o l o r to o ls ( e . g . , in s ta ll cutting tools and ad just g u id e s , sto p s, w o r k i n g t a b le s , and ot h e r c on tro ls to handle the s i z e o f s to c k to be m a c h in e d ; d e t e r m i n e p r o p e r f e e d s , speeds, to oling , and o p e r a t i o n s e q u e n c e o r s e l e c t th ose p r e s c r i b e d in d ra w in g s , bluep rin ts , o r la y o u t s ) ; using a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g in strum ents; m ak in g n e c e s s a r y ad ju s tm e n ts d u r in g m a c h i n i n g o p e r a t i o n to achieve r e q u i s i t e d i m e n s i o n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s . May be r e q u i r e d to s e l e c t p r o p e r coolants and cutting and l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s , to r e c o g n i z e when tools need d r e s s i n g , and to d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) at the s k i l l l e v e l c a l l e d f o r in this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n r e q u i r e s e x te n s iv e k n o w l e d g e o f m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u ally a c qu ire d through c o n s i d e r a b l e o n - t h e - j o b t r a i n i n g and experien ce. F a b r i c a t e s , in s t a l l s , and m a in ta in s in good r e p a i r the s h e e t - m e t a l equipm en t and f i x t u r e s (such as m a c h i n e g u ard s , g r e a s e pans, s h e l v e s , l o c k e r s , tanks, v e n t i l a t o r s , chutes, ducts, m e t a l r o o f i n g ) o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and l a y i n g out all ty p es o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a in te n a n c e w o r k f r o m b l u e p rin ts , m o d e l s , o r ot h e r s p e c i f i cations; se ttin g up and o p e r a ti n g all a v a i l a b l e ty pes o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k i n g m a c h in e s ; using a v a r i e t y o f handtools in cutting, bending, f o r m i n g , shaping, fittin g, and a s s e m b l i n g ; and i n s ta llin g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t i c l e s as r e q u i r e d . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ain te n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u i r e s rounded trainin g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u ir e d through a f o r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e qu iv ale n t tr a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e study p u r p o s e s , this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not inclu de m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o l r o o m ) e m p l o y e d in to ol and d ie jo b b in g shops. T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R C ons tru c ts and r e p a i r s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu ttin g t o o l s , g a u g es , o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o l d s used in shaping o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a l l i c m a t e r i a l ( e . g . , p l a s t i c , p l a s t e r , rub ber, g l a s s ) . W o r k t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e s : P la n n in g and la y in g o u t w o r k a c c o r d in g to m o d e l s , b lu e p rin ts , d r a w i n g s , o r oth e r w r i t t e n o r o r a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; un derstandin g the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a l s and 22 TOOL, AND DIE M A K E R — Continued S H IPPE R AND R E C E IV E R a l l o y s ; s e l e c t i n g a p p r o p r i a t e m a t e r i a l s , to o ls , and p r o c e s s e s r e q u i r e d to c o m p l e t e ta s k s ; m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y shop com puta tions; s e ttin g up and o p e r ating v a r i o u s m a c h i n e to o ls and r e l a t e d eq uip m en t; usin g v a r i o u s to ol and d i e m a k e r ' s ha nd too ls and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s tr u m e n ts ; w o r k i n g to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; h e a t - t r e a t i n g m e t a l p arts and fin is h e d t o o l s and d i e s to a c h i e v e r e q u i r e d q u a l i t i e s ; f i t t i n g and a s s e m b l i n g parts to p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r an ces and a l l o w a n c e s . In g e n e r a l , the to o l and die m a k e r ' s w o r k r e q u i r e s rounded tr a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a l l y a c q u ir e d th rough f o r m e d a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e qu iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . P e r f o r m s c l e r i c a l and p h y s i c a l tasks in connection with shipping goods o f the e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h ich e m p l o y e d and r e c e i v i n g incom in g s h ip m e n ts . In p e r f o r m i n g d a y - t o - d a y , routin e tas k s , f o l l o w s esta b lished g u i d e l i n e s . In ha ndling unusual nonroutin e p r o b l e m s , r e c e i v e s s p e c i f i c guid ance f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r ot h e r o f f i c i a l s . M a y d i r e c t and c o o rd in a te the a c t i v i t i e s o f ot h e r w o r k e r s en g ag ed in handling goods to be shipped o r being received . S h ip pers t y p i c a l l y a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : V e r ify in g that o r d e r s a r e a c c u r a t e l y f i l l e d b y c o m p a r i n g ite m s and quantities o f goods g a th e r e d f o r s h ip m e n t a g a in s t d o c u m e n ts ; insurin g that shipments a r e p r o p e r l y p a c k a ge d , id e n ti f i e d w ith shipping in f o r m a tio n , and loaded into tr a n s p o r t i n g v e h i c l e s ; p r e p a r i n g and k e e p i n g r e c o r d s o f goods shipped, e.g., m a n i f e s t s , b ills o f la d in g . F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e study p u r p o s e s , this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n does not in clu d e t o o l and d i e m a k e r s who ( 1) a r e e m p l o y e d in t o o l and d ie jo b b in g shops o r ( 2 ) p r o d u c e f o r g i n g d ie s (d ie s i n k e r s ) . S T A T IO N A R Y E NG IN EE R R e ceivers t y p i c a l l y a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : V e r i f y i n g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f i n c o m i n g sh ip m en ts b y c o m p a r i n g ite m s and qua ntit ie s unload ed ag ain s t b i l l s o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , m a n i f e s t s , s to r a g e r e c e i p t s , o r o t h e r r e c o r d s ; c h e c k in g f o r d a m a g e d goods; insuring that goods a r e a p p r o p r i a t e l y i d e n tifie d f o r ro uting to d e p a rtm e n ts within the e s ta b l i s h m e n t; p r e p a r i n g and k e e p i n g r e c o r d s o f goods r e c e i v e d . O p e r a t e s and m a i n ta i n s and m a y also s u p e r v i s e the o p e r a t i o n o f s t a t i o n a r y e n g in e s and e q u ip m en t ( m e c h a n i c a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) to sup ply the e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h i c h e m p l o y e d w ith p o w e r , heat, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a i r c o n d it io n in g . W o r k i n v o l v e s : O p e r a t i n g and m ain ta in in g e q u ip m e n t such as s t e a m e n g in e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b in e s , v e n ti l a t i n g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g e q u ip m e n t, s te a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r pum ps; m a k i n g e q u ip m e n t r e p a i r s ; and k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t i o n o f m a c h i n e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , and f u e l c on su m p tio n . M a y a ls o s u p e r v i s e th e s e o p e r a t i o n s . H e a d o r c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one e n g i n e e r are exclu ded. For wage study purposes, w orkers are classified as fo l l o w s : Shipper R eceiver Sh ipper and r e c e i v e r B O IL E R T E N D E R WAREHOUSEMAN F i r e s s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r s to furnish the e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h ich e m p l o y e d w ith he at, p o w e r , o r s te am . F e e d s fuels to f i r e b y hand o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n i c a l s t o k e r , g as, o r o i l b u rn e r; and c h e c k s w a t e r and s a f e t y v a l v e s . M a y c le a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m equip m en t. A s d i r e c t e d , p e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f w a r e h o u s i n g duties which r e q u i r e an un de rs tand in g o f the e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s s t o r a g e p l a n . W o r k i n v o lve s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : V e r i f y i n g m a t e r i a l s ( o r m e r c h a n d i s e ) ag ainst r e c e i v i n g d oc u m e n ts , noting and r e p o r t i n g d i s c r e p a n c i e s and ob vious d a m a g e s ; routing m a t e r i a l s to p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n s ; s t o r i n g , stacking, o r p a l l e t i z i n g m a t e r i a l s in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e m et h o d s ; r e a r r a n g i n g and takin g i n v e n t o r y o f s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s ; e x a m i n i n g s to r e d m a t e r i a l s and r e p o r t i n g d e t e r i o r a t i o n and d a m a g e ; r e m o v i n g m a t e r i a l f r o m s t o r a g e and p r e p a r i n g it f o r s h ip m en t. M a y o p e r a t e hand o r p o w e r truc ks in p e r f o r m i n g w a r e h o u s i n g d u tie s . Material Movement and Custodial T R U C K D R IV E R D rives a tr u c k w ith in a c ity o r in d u s tr ia l a r e a to t r a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e , equipm en t, o r w o r k e r s be tw e e n v a r i o u s ty p es o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s such as: M a n u fa c t u rin g plants, f r e i g h t d e p o ts , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a l e and r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , o r b e tw e e n r e t a i l e s ta b l i s h m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ' houses o r p l a c e s o f bu s in e s s . M a y also loa d o r unload tru c k w ith o r w it h o u t h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n i c a l r e p a i r s , and k e e p tru c k in good w o r k i n g o r d e r . S a l e s r o u t e and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c l u d e d . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , t r u c k d r i v e r s rate d c a p a c i t y o f t r u c k , as f o l l o w s : ar e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty pe E x c lu d e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y duties i n v o l v e shipping and r e c e i v ing w o r k ( s e e Ship per and R e c e i v e r and Shipping P a c k e r ) , o r d e r f i l l i n g ( s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ) , o r o p e r a t i n g p o w e r tr u c k s ( s e e P o w e r - T r u c k O p e r a t o r ) . ORDER F IL L E R F i l l s shipping o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r f i n i s h e d goods f r o m s to r e d m e r c h a n d i s e in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c i f i c a t i o n s on s a le s s lip s, c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r o t h e r in s tr u c ti o n s . M a y , in ad dition to f i l l i n g o r d e r s and indi cating i t e m s f i l l e d o r o m i tte d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f ou tg oing o r d e r s , r e q u is itio n ad d ition al s toc k o r r e p o r t s h o r t s up p li es to s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m other r e l a t e d d uties. and T r u c k d r i v e r , l i g h t tr u c k ( s t r a i g h t tru c k , u n d e r IV 2 tons, u s u a lly 4 w h e e l s ) T r u c k d r i v e r , m e d i u m tru c k ( s t r a i g h t tr u c k , IV 2 to 4 tons i n c lu s iv e , usually 6 w h e e l s ) T r u c k d r i v e r , h e a v y tru c k ( s t r a i g h t t r u c k , o v e r 4 tons, u suall y 10 w h e e l s ) T ru ck d river, tr a c to r -tr a ile r SH IP P IN G P A C K E R P r e p a r e s fi n i s h e d p ro d u c ts f o r sh ip m en t o r s t o r a g e by p lac ing them in shipping c o n ta i n e r s , the s p e c i f i c o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d b eing dependent upon the t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b er o f units to b e packed, the ty pe o f con tainer 23 SH IPPIN G P A C K E R — Continued GUARD— Continued e m p l o y e d , and m e t h o d o f s h ip m en t. W o r k r e q u i r e s the p la c in g o f i t e m s in shipping c o n t a i n e r s and m a y i n v o l v e one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : K n o w l e d g e o f v a r io u s i t e m s o f sto ck in o r d e r to v e r i f y content; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r i a t e ty pe and s i z e o f c o n ta in e r ; i n s e r t i n g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n ta in e r ; using e x c e l s i o r o r ot h e r m a t e r i a l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c l o s i n g and s e a lin g con ta in e r ; and ap p ly in g l a b e l s o r e n t e r i n g id e n tify in g data on c o n ta i n e r . P a c k e r s who also m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a t e s a r e e x c l u d e d . Guards e m p lo y e d by e s ta b l i s h m e n ts w h ic h p r o v i d e p r o t e c t i v e v i c e s on a c on tra c t b as is a r e included in th is occupation. M A T E R IA L H A N D LIN G L A B O R E R A w o r k e r e m p l o y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu rin g plant, s t o r e , o r oth e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t w h o s e duties i n v o l v e one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g and un lo ading v a r io u s m a t e r i a l s and m e r c h a n d i s e on o r f r o m f r e i g h t c a r s , tr u c k s, o r o t h e r tr a n s p o r t i n g d e v i c e s ; un packing, s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e l o c a t io n ; and tr a n s p o r t i n g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e by handtruck, c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w . Longshore w o r k e r s , who lo a d and unload ship s, a r e exc lu d e d . PO W E R -TR U C K O P E R A TO R O p e r a t e s a m a n u a l l y c o n t r o l l e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c p o w e r e d tr uck o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t good s and m a t e r i a l s o f all kinds about a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu rin g plant, o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. tr uck, F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y ty pe o f p o w e r as f o l l o w s : F o r w ag e study purposes, g u ard s are classified as ser follo w s: C la s s A . E n f o r c e s r e g u la t io n s d e s i g n e d to p r e v e n t b r e a c h e s o f secu rity. E x e r c i s e s jud gm ent and u s e s d i s c r e t i o n in d e a l i n g with e m e r gen cies a n d s e c u r i t y v io la tio n s e n c o u n te r e d . D eterm in es whether fir s t r e s p o n s e should be to i n t e r v e n e d i r e c t l y ( a s k i n g f o r a s s i s t a n c e when d e e m e d n e c e s s a r y and t i m e a llo w s ), to k e ep situation u n d e r s u r v e i l l a n c e , o r to r e p o r t situ ation so that it can be handled by a p p r o p r i a t e authorit y . D u tie s r e q u i r e s p e c i a l i z e d train in g in m ethods and te c hn iqu e s o f p r o t e c t i n g s e c u r i t y a r e a s . C o m m o n l y , the guard is r e q u i r e d to d e m o n s t r a t e con tinu ing p h y s i c a l fitn e s s and p r o f i c i e n c y with f i r e a r m s o r o t h e r s p e c i a l w e a p o n s . C la s s B . C a r r i e s out in s tr u c tio n s p r i m a r i l y o r i e n t e d to w a r d in s u r in g that e m e r g e n c i e s and s e c u r i t y v i o l a t i o n s a r e r e a d i l y d i s c o v e r e d and r e p o r t e d to a p p ro p ria t e author ity. I n t e r v e n e s d i r e c t l y o n ly in situations w h ich r e q u i r e m i n i m a l action to s a f e g u a r d p r o p e r t y o r p e r s o n s . D u tie s r e q u i r e m i n i m a l t r a in in g . C o m m o n l y , the g u ard is not r e q u i r e d to d e m o n s t r a t e p h y s i c a l fi tn e s s . M a y be a r m e d , but g e n e r a l l y is not r e q u i r e d to d e m o n s t r a t e p r o f i c i e n c y in the use o f f i r e a r m s o r s p e c i a l w e a p o n s . J A N I T O R , P O R T E R , OR C L E A N E R F o r k lift operator P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r ( o t h e r than f o r k l i f t ) GUARD P r o t e c t s p r o p e r t y f r o m th eft o r d a m a g e , o r p e r s o n s f r o m h a z a r d s o r i n t e r f e r e n c e . D utie s i n v o l v e s e r v i n g at a f i x e d post, m a k in g rounds on foo t o r by m o t o r v e h i c l e , o r e s c o r t i n g p e r s o n s o r p r o p e r t y . M a y be d epu tiz ed to m a k e a r r e s t s . M a y a ls o help v i s i t o r s and c u s t o m e r s by a n s w e r in g questions and g i v i n g d i r e c t i o n s . C leans and keep s in an o r d e r l y c o n d itio n f a c t o r y w o r k i n g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r tm e n t ho use, o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m en t. Duties i n v o l v e a c o m b in a tio n o f the f o l l o w i n g : S w ee p in g , m op p in g o r scru bbing, and p o l i s h i n g f l o o r s ; r e m o v i n g chips, tr a s h , and o t h e r r e fu s e ; dusting equipment, f u r n i t u r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e t a l f i x t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v id in g s u p p lies and m i n o r m a in te n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and c le a n in g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e rs , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s who s p e c i a l i z e in w in d o w wash ing a r e e x c lu d e d . Area Wage Surveys A l i s t o f th e l a t e s t b u l l e ti n s a v a i l a b l e is p r e s e n t e d b e l o w . B u lle tin s m a y be p u r c h a s e d f r o m any o f th e B L S r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s shown on the b ack c o v e r , o r f r o m th e S u p e r in te n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts , U.S. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . 20402. M a k e che c k s p ay ab le to Superin te ndent o f D ocum ents. A d i r e c t o r y o f o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s , c o v e r i n g the y e a r s 1970 t h ro u g h 1976, is a v a i l a b l e on req u e s t . Area B u l l e t i n nu m b e r and p r i c e * A k r o n , O h i o , D e c . 1978__________________________________________ 2025-63, $ 1.0 0 A lb a n y —Sch en e ctad y —T r o y , N . Y . , Sept. 1978 1_______________ 2025-58, $1.20 A n a h e i m —Santa Ana—G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , O c t. 1978 1 _______________________________________________ 2025-65, $ 1.3 0 A t l a n t a , G a ., M a y 1978 1---------------------------------------------------- 2025-28, $ 1 .4 0 B a l t i m o r e , M d . , A u g . 1978 1____________________________________ 2025-50, $1.50 B i l l i n g s , M o n t . , J u ly 1978_______________________________________ 2025-38, $ 1.0 0 B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1978__________________________________ 2025-15, 80 cents B o s to n , M a s s . , A u g . 1 9 7 8 1 ----------------------------------------------2025-43, $ 1.5 0 B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t . 1 9 7 8 1 _______________________________________ 2025-71, $1.30 C anto n, O h i o , M a y 1978__________________________________________ 2025-22, 70 cents C h a tt a n o o g a , T e n n . —G a . , Sept. 1978 1-------------------------------- 2025-51, $ 1.2 0 C h i c a g o , 111., M a y 1978.................................................................... 2025-32, $ 1.3 0 C i n c i n n a t i , O hio—K y .—I n d . , July 1978__________________________ 2025-39, $ 1.1 0 C l e v e l a n d , O h i o , Sept. 1978_____________________________________ 2025-49, $ 1.3 0 C o lu m b u s , O h i o , O c t . 1978 1 ---------------------------------------------- 2025-59, $ 1.5 0 C o r p u s C h r i s t i , T e x . , July 1978________________________________ 2025-29, $ 1 .0 0 D a l l a s —F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t. 1978 1________________________- 2025-52, $ 1.5 0 D a v e n p o r t—R o c k I s la n d —M o l i n e , Io w a —111., F e b . 1978-------- 2 0 2 5 -6 , 70 cents D a y to n , O h io , D e c . 1978__________________________________________ 2025-66, $ 1.0 0 D a y to n a B e a c h , F l a . , A u g . 1978________________________________ 2025-48, $1.00 D e n v e r —B o u l d e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1978_____________________________ 2025-68, $1.20 D e t r o i t , M i c h . , M a r . 1978_______________________________________ 2025-11, $ 1 .2 0 F r e s n o , C a l i f . , June 1 9 7 8 1----------------------------------------------- 2025-31, $ 1 .2 0 G a i n e s v i l l e , F l a . , Sept. 1978---------------------------------------------- 2025-45, $ 1.0 0 G r e e n B a y , W i s ., J u ly 1978 1--------------------------------------------- 2025-41, $1.20 G r e e n s b o r o —W i n s t o n - S a l e m —H i g h P o i n t , N . C . , A u g . 1978__________________________________________________ 2025-46, $ 1.0 0 G r e e n v i l l e —S p a r ta n b u r g , S . C . , June 1978_____________________ 2025-30, $ 1 .0 0 H a r t f o r d , Conn., M a r . 1978 1--------------------------------------------- 202'5-14, $ 1 .2 0 H o u s t o n , T e x . , A p r . 1978________________________________________ 2025-23, $ 1.2 0 H u n t s v i l l e , A l a . , F e b . 1 9 78----------------------------------------------- 2 0 25 -4 , 70 cents I n d i a n a p o l i s , In d ., O c t . 1978 1-------------------------------------------- 2025-57, $1.50 J a c k s o n , M i s s . , Jan. 1978-------------------------------------------------- 2 0 25 -1 , 70 cents J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 1978__________________________________ 2025-67, $1.00 K a n s a s C i t y , M o ^ - K a n s . , Sept. 1978___________________________ 2025-53, $1.30 L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h , C a l i f . , O ct. 1978 1-------------------- 2025-61, $1.50 L o u i s v i l l e , K y . —I n d . , N o v . 1978________________________________ 2025-69, $1.00 M e m p h i s , T e n n .—A r k . —M i s s ., N o v . 1978--------------------------- 2025-62, $1.00 Area M i a m i , F l a . , O c t. 1978 1 ........................................... ................... M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1 9 7 8 1_________________________________ M i n n e a p o l i s —St. P a u l , M inn.—W i s . , Jan. 1978 1______________ N a s s a u - S u f f o l k , N . Y . , June 1978 1______________________________ N e w a r k , N . J . , Jan. 1978 1...................................... N e w O r l e a n s , L a . , Jan. 1978____________________________________ N e w Y o r k , N . Y ^ N . J . , M a y 1978 1............................ N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a B e a c h —P o r t s m o u t h , V a.— N . C . , M a y 1978.............................................. ................................ N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a B e a c h —P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o r t N e w s —H a m p to n , V a.—N . C . , M a y 1978_____________ N o r t h e a s t P e n n s y l v a n i a , Au g . 1978_____________________________ O k la h o m a C i t y , O k l a . , A u g . 1978___________ __________________ O m a h a , N e b r —I o w a , O c t. 1978__________________________________ P a t e r s o n —C lifto n —P a s s a i c , N . J . , June 1978 1 _______________ P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . —N . J . , N o v . 1978_____________________________ P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , Jan. 1978______________________________________ P o r t l a n d , M a i n e , D e c . 1978 1 ____________________________ P o r t l a n d , O r e g . —W a s h . , M a y 1978______________________________ P o u g h k e e p s i e , N . Y . , June 1978 1 ______________________________ P o u g h k e e p s ie —K in g s to n —N e w b u r g h , N . Y . , June 1978 1_____ P r o v i d e n c e —W a r w i c k —P a w t u c k e t , R . I . — M a s s . , June 1978_______________________________________________ R i c h m o n d , V a . , June 1978______________________________________ St. L o u i s , M o .—111., M a r . 1978___________________________________ S a c r a m e n t o , C a l i f . , D e c . 1978___________________________________ S a gin aw , M i c h . , N o v . 1978_____________________________________ Salt L a k e C ity —O g d e n , Utah, N o v . 1 9 7 8 * ____________________ San A n to n i o , T e x . , M a y 1978____________________________________ San D i e g o , C a l i f . , N o v . 1978...................... ................................. San F r a n c i s c o —O ak la n d, C a l i f . , M a r . 1978 1___________________ San J o s e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1978 1............ .......................................... S e a ttle —E v e r e t t , W a s h . , D ec. 1978___________________________ South Ben d, Ind., A u g . 1978____________________________________ T o l e d o , O hio—M i c h . , M a y 1 9 7 8 * ________________________________ T r e n t o n , N . J . , Sept. 1978 1______________________________________ U tic a —R o m e , N . Y . , July 1978__________________________________ W a sh in g to n , D .C .—M d.—V a . , M a r . 1978 1 ____________________ W i c h i t a , K a n s . , A p r . 1978______________________________________ W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , A p r . 1 9 7 8 1 ________________________________ Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1 9 7 8 1.................................. ................................. B u lle tin nu mber and p r i c e * 2025-60, $1.30 2025-18, $1.40 2025-2, $1.40 2025-33, $1.30 2025-7, 2025-5, $1.00 2025-35, 2025-20, 70 cents 2025-21, 80 cents 2025-47, $1.00 2025-40, $1.00 2025-56, $1.00 2025-36, $1.20 2025-54, $1.30 2025-3, $1.10 2025-70, $1.20 2025-25, $1.00 2025-37, $1.10 2025-42, $1.20 2025-27, $1.40 2025-26, 80 cents 2025-13, $1.20 2025-75, $1.00 2025-64, $1.00 2025-72, $1.30 2025-17, 70 cents 2025-73, $1 .00 2025-10, $1.40 2025-9, $1.20 2025-74, $1.00 2025-44, $1.00 2025-24, $1.20 2025-55, $1,20 2025-34, $1.00 2025-12, $1.40 2025-16, 80 cents 2025-19, $1.10 2025-8, $1.10 Prices are determined by the Government Printing Office and are subject to change. Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I Region II Region 111 Region IV 1603 J F K Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (Are aC ode 617) Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: 399-5406 (A re aC ode 212) 3535 Market Street. P.0. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 596-1154 (A re aC ode 215) Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St., N.E. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone:881-4418 (Area Code 404) Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Region V Region VI Regions VII and VIII Regions IX and X 9th Floor, 230S. Dearborn St. Chicago, III. 60604 Phone: 353-1880 (A re a C o d e 312) Second Floor 555 Griffin Square Building Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: 767-69 71 (A re a C o d e 214) Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 15th Floor Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone 374-2481 (Area Code 816) 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone:556-4678 (Area Code 415) Arkansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas VII Iowa Kansas Missouri Nebraska IX Arizona California Hawaii Nevada Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio Wisconsin VIII Colorado Montana North Dakota South Dakota Utah Wyoming X Alaska Idaho Oregon Washington
@FedFRASER