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L / ^ m 2 , 7 fi. 2 7 Area Wage Surve The Richmond, Virginia, Metropolitan Area November 1967 “wof*rssrrc» APR1 document 6 1968 W a pi 1 HANOVER COLLECTION Richmond CHESTERFIELD UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR S TATIS TIC S BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES New England J ohn F v K en n ed y F e d e r a l B u ild in g G ov e rn m e n t C en ter R o o m 1 6 0 3 -B B o s t o n , M a s s . 0 22 03 T e l . : 2 2 3 -6 7 6 2 Mid-Atlantic 341 Ninth A v e . N ew Y o r k . N . Y . 10001 T e l . : 9 7 1 -5 4 0 5 Southern 1371 P e a c h t r e e St. , NE, A tla n ta , G a . 3 0309 T e l . : 5 2 6 -5 4 1 8 North Central 219 South D e a r b o r n St. C h i c a g o , 111. 6 0604 T e l . : 3 5 3 -7 2 3 0 Pacific 450 G o ld e n G a te A v e . B ox 36017 San F r a n c i s c o , C a li f. 9 4 1 0 2 T e l . : 5 5 6 -4 6 7 8 Mountain-Plains F e d e r a l O f f i c e B u ild in g T h ir d F l o o r 91 1 W a ln u t St. K a n s a s C i t y , M o . 6 41 06 T e l . : 3 7 4 -2 4 8 1 Area Wage Survey The Richmond, Virginia, Metropolitan Area November 1967 Bulletin No. 1575-27 February 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, W ashington, D.C., 2 0 4 0 2 - Price 25 cents Preface Contents Page The B ureau of Labor S ta tistics program of annual occupational wage su rv ey s in m etropolitan a re a s is d e signed to provide data on occupational earnings, and e s tablish m en t p r a c tic e s and supplem entary wage p ro vision s. It y ie ld s detailed data by selected industry division for each of the a r e a s studied, fo r geographic regions, and fo r the United S tates. A m a jo r con sideration in the p r o g ra m is the need fo r g re a te r insight into (1) the m o v e m ent of w ages by occupational category and skill level, and (2) the stru ctu re and le v e l of wages among a re a s and industry d iv is io n s . Introduction-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Wage trends for selected occupational grou ps_____________________________ Table s: 1. 2. A. A t the end of each survey, an individual area bu lletin p r e se n ts su rvey r e su lts for each area studied. A fte r com p letion of a ll of the individual area bulletins for a round of su rv ey s, a tw o -p a rt su m m ary bulletin is issu ed . The fir s t part b rin g s data for each of the m e tr o politan a r e a s studied into one bulletin. The second part p re se n ts in form ation which has been projected from in dividual m etro p o litan a re a data to relate to geographic reg io n s and the United States. B. E ig h t y -s ix a re a s cu rren tly are included in the program . In each a re a , inform ation on occupational earnin gs is c o lle c te d annually and on establish m en t p r a c tic e s and supplem entary wage p ro vision s biennially. This b u lletin p r e se n ts re su lts of the survey in Richm ond, V a. , in N o v em b er 1967. The Standard M e tr o politan S ta tistica l A rea, as defined by the Bureau of the Budget through A p ril 1967, c o n sists of the city of Richm ond; and the counties of C h esterfie ld , H anover, and H en rico . This study was conducted in the B u reau 's r e gional o ffice in New Y o rk , N. Y. , H erbert B ienstock, D i r e c to r . The study was under the gen eral direction of F r e d e r ic k W. M u e lle r, A s s is ta n t Regional D irector of O p era tio n s. 1 4 E stab lish m en ts and w orkers within scope of survey and num ber stu d ied ________________________________________________________ Indexes of standard weekly s a la r ie s and s tra ig h t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, and percen ts of in c re a se for selected p e r io d s _______________________ Occupational earnin gs: * A -l. O ffice occupations—m en and wom en_________________________ A - 2 . P r o fe ssio n a l and technical occupations—m en and wom en___________________________________________________________ A - 3 . O ffice, p r o fe ssio n a l, and technical o ccu p ation sm en and women c o m b in e d ___________________________________ A -4 . Maintenance and powerplant occupations.:_________________ A -5 . C u stodial and m a te r ia l m ovem en t o cc u p a tio n s___________ 10 11 12 E stab lish m en t p r a c tic e s and supplem entary wage p r o v is io n s :* B - l . M inim um entrance sa la r ie s for wom en office w o rk ers--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B -2 . Shift d iffe r e n tia ls ______________________________________________ B -3 . Scheduled weekly h o u r s _______________________________________ B -4 . Paid h olid ay s____________________________________________________ B -5 . Paid v a c a tio n s __________________________________________________ B -6 . Health, in su ran ce, and pension plan s______________________ B -7 . P rem iu m pay for o v ertim e w o rk ____________________________ 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 Appendix. Occupational d e sc rip tio n s______________________________________ areas. * N O T E : S im ila r tabulations a re availab le for other (See inside back c o v e r .) Union s c a le s , indicative of prevailing pay le v e ls in the Richmond a re a , are a lso available for building co n struction; printing; lo c a l-tr a n s it operating em p lo y ee s; and m otortru ck d r iv e r s , h e lp e r s, and a llied occupations. iii 4 6 9 23 Area Wage Survey The Richmond, Va., Metropolitan Area Introduction allow ances and incentive earnings are included. W here w eekly hours are rep o rted , as for office c le r ic a l occu p ation s, re fe re n c e is to the standard workw eek (rounded to the. n ea re st half hour) for which e m ployees r e c eiv e their regular stra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (exclu sive of pay for overtim e at regular a n d /o r p rem iu m r a te s ). A v erag e w eekly ea rn ings for these occupations have been rounded to the n ea re st half dollar. This a re a is 1 of 86 in which the U .S . D epartm ent of L a b o r 's Bureau of L abor S ta tistic s conducts surveys o f occupational earnings and rela ted b en efits on an areaw ide b a s is . In this a r e a , data w ere obtained by p e rso n a l v isits o f Bureau field econ om ists to r e p r e sentative esta b lish m en ts within six broad industry d iv isio n s: M anu factu rin g; tra n sp o rtation , com m u n ication , and other public u tilitie s; w h o lesale trade; re ta il trade; fin an ce, in su ran ce, and rea l esta te; and s e r v ic e s . M a jo r industry groups excluded fro m these studies are governm ent o peration s and the construction and extractive in d u stries. E stab lish m en ts having few er than a p rescrib e d number of w o rk ers are om itted b ecau se they tend to furnish insufficient em ploym ent in the occupations studied to w arran t inclusion. Separate tabulations are provided for each of the broad industry division s which m ee t pub lication c r it e r ia . The a vera ge s p resen ted r e fle c t co m p o site, areaw ide e s t i m a tes. Industries and esta b lish m en ts differ in pay level and job staffing and, thus, contribute d ifferen tly to the estim a tes for each job. The pay relation sh ip obtainable fr o m the a vera ges m ay fail to r eflect a ccu rately the wage spread or differen tial m aintained among jobs in individual esta b lish m en ts. S im ila r ly , d iffe re n ce s in average pay le v e ls for m en and wom en in any of the selected occupations should not be a ssu m ed to r e fle c t d iffe re n ce s in pay treatm ent of the sexes within individual e sta b lish m en ts. Other p o ssib le fa c to rs which m ay contribute to d ifferen ces in pay for m en and w om en include: D iffe r ences in p r o g r e ssio n within esta b lish ed rate ra n g e s, since only the actual rates paid incum bents are collected ; and d ifferen ces in specific duties p e rfo rm ed , although the w o rk ers are c la s s ifie d appropriately within the sam e su rvey job d escrip tion . Job d escription s used in cla ssifyin g em p loy ees in these su rvey s are u su ally m ore gen eralized than those used in individual esta b lish m en ts and allow for m inor differen ces among esta b lish m en ts in the sp ecific duties p erform ed . T h ese su rv ey s a re conducted on a sam ple b asis b ecau se of the u n n ec essa ry c o s t involved in surveying a ll esta b lish m en ts. To obtain optim um a cc u ra c y at m inim um c o st, a greater proportion of large than of s m a ll esta b lish m en ts is studied. In com bining the data, h ow ev er, a ll esta b lish m en ts a re given their appropriate weight. E s tim a tes based on the esta b lish m en ts studied are presen ted, th e re fo re , as rela tin g to a ll e sta b lish m en ts in the industry grouping and a r e a , except for those below the m in im u m size studied. O ccupations and Earn in gs Occupational em ploym ent estim a te s rep rese n t the total in all establish m en ts within the scope of the study and not the number actually su rveyed . B ecau se of d iffe re n ce s in occupational structure among e sta b lish m en ts, the estim a te s of occupational em ploym ent ob tained fro m the sam ple of esta b lish m en ts studied serv e only to indicate the relative im portance of the job s studied. T h ese differen ces in occupational structure do not affect m a te r ia lly the accu racy of the earnings data. The occupations selec ted for study a re com m on to a variety of m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in du stries, and a re of the follow ing typ es: (1) O ffice c le r ic a l; (2) p ro fessio n al and technical; (3) m aintenance and pow erplant; and (4) custodial and m a te r ia l m o v e m en t. O ccupational c la s s ific a tio n is based on a uniform set of job d e scrip tio n s design ed to take account of in terestab lish m en t variation in duties within the sam e jo b . The occupations selected for study are listed and d e sc rib e d in the appendix. The earnings data follow ing the job title s are fo r a ll in d u stries com bined. Earnings data fo r som e of the occupations listed and d e sc rib e d , or for som e industry division s within o cc u p a tio n s, a re not presen ted in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s, because either (1) em p loy m en t in the occupation is too sm a ll to provide enough data to m e r it p rese n ta tio n , or (2) there is p o ssib ility of d isc lo su re of individual esta b lish m en t data. E stab lish m en t P r a c tic e s and Supplem entary Wage P ro v isio n s Inform ation is p resen ted (in the B -s e r i e s tables) on selected establish m en t p ra ctic e s and supplem entary wage p ro vision s as they relate to plant and office w o r k e r s . A d m in istra tiv e, execu tive, and p ro fessio n a l e m p lo y e e s, and construction w ork ers who are utilized as a separate w ork fo rc e are excluded. "P la n t w o r k e r s " include working fo rem en and all n on su p erviso ry w orkers (including le ad m en and tra in ees) engaged in nonoffice functions. "O ffic e w o r k e r s " include working su p e rv iso r s and n on su p ervisory w o rk ers perform ing c le ric a l or rela ted functions. C afeteria w o rk ers and routem en are excluded in m anufacturing in d u stries, but included in nonmanufacturing in d u strie s. O ccu pation al em p loy m en t and earnings data a re shown for fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i. e. , those hired to work a regular w eekly schedule in the given occupational c la ssific a tio n . Earnings data exclude p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and for work on w eekends, h o lid a y s, and late s h ifts. Nonproduction bonuses are excluded, but c o s t -o f -liv in g 1 2 M in im u m entrance s a la r ie s for w om en office w o rk ers (table B - l ) relate only to the esta b lish m en ts v isite d . B ecau se of the optim um sam plin g techniques u sed , and the probab ility that la rg e e s ta b lish m ents are m ore lik e ly to have fo r m a l entrance rates for w o rk ers above the s u b c le r ic a l le v e l than sm a ll esta b lish m e n ts, the table is m o r e -r e p r e s e n ta tiv e of p o lic ie s in m edium and la rg e esta b lish m e n ts. Shift differen tial data (table B -2 ) are lim ite d to plant w o rk ers in m anufacturing in d u stries. T h is in form ation is p resen ted both in te r m s of (1) esta b lish m en t p o lic y , 1 presen ted in te r m s of total plant w orker em p loym en t, and (2) effe ctiv e p r a c tic e , p resen ted in te r m s of w o rk e rs actu ally em p loyed on the sp ecified shift at the tim e of the su rvey . In esta b lish m en ts having varied d iffe re n tia ls, the amount applying to a m a jo r ity was u sed o r , if no amount applied to a m a jo r ity , the c la s s ific a tio n " o t h e r " w as used . In esta b lish m en ts in which som e la te -s h ift hours are paid at n o rm al r a te s , a differen tial was record ed only if it applied to a m a jo r ity of the shift h ou rs. The scheduled w eek ly hours (table B -3 ) of a m a jo r ity of the fi r s t -s h i ft w o rk ers in an esta b lish m en t are tabulated as applying to all of the plant or o ffice w o rk ers of that esta b lish m en t. Scheduled w eekly hours are those which fu ll-tim e em p loy ees w ere expected to w ork , whether they w ere paid for at stra ig h t-tim e or o vertim e r a te s. Paid h olidays; paid v acation s; health, in su ra n ce, and pension plan s; and p rem iu m pay for o v ertim e work (tables B -4 through B -7 ) are treated s ta tistic a lly on the b a sis that these are applicable to all plant or office w o rk ers if a m a jo r ity of such w o rk ers are elig ib le or m ay eventually qualify for the p r a c tic e s liste d . Sums of individual item s in tables B - 2 through B - 7 m ay not equal totals b ecau se of rounding. Data on paid holidays (table B -4 ) are lim ited to data on h o li days granted annually on a fo r m a l b a s is ; i . e . , (1) are provided for in w ritten fo r m , or (2) have been esta b lish ed by cu stom . H olidays o rd in a rily granted are included even though they m ay fa ll on a non w orkday and the w orker is not granted another day off. The fir s t part of the paid h olidays table p r ese n ts the number of whole and half h olidays actu ally granted. The second part com bines whole and half holidays to show total holiday t im e . Data on health, in su ra n ce, and pen sion plans (table B -6 ) in clude those plans for which the em p lo y er pays at le a s t a part of the cost. Such plans include those u n derw ritten by a c o m m e r ic a l insurance com pany and those provided through a union fund or paid d ire c tly by the em ployer out of current operating funds or fr o m a fund set aside for this purpose. An esta b lish m en t w as con sid e red to have a plan if the m ajority of em p loyees w ere e lig ib le to be co v ered under the plan, even if le s s than a m a jo r ity elec ted to participate b ecau se e m p loyees were required to contribute tow ard the c o st of the plan. L e gally required plan s, such as w o r k m e n 's com p en sation , s o cia l s e cu rity, and railroa d retire m e n t w ere exclu ded. Sickness and accident in surance is lim ite d to that type of insurance under which p red eterm in ed cash paym ents are m ade d irec tly to the insured on a w eekly or m onthly b a s is during illn e s s or accident disability. Inform ation is p resen ted for all such plans to which the em p loyer contributes. H ow ever, in New Y o rk and New J e r s e y , which have enacted tem p o ra ry d isa b ility in su ran ce law s which req u ire e m ployer co n trib u tio n s,2 plans are included only if the em p loy er (1) con tributes m ore than is le g a lly req u ire d , or (2) p rovid es the em p loyee with benefits which exceed the r eq u ire m e n ts of the law . Tabulations of paid sick leave plans are lim ite d to fo r m a l p la n s3 which provide full pay or a proportion of the w o r k e r 's pay during absen ce fr o m work b ecau se of illn e s s . Separate tabulations a re p resen ted accord in g to (1) plans which provide full pay and no waiting p e rio d , and (2) plans which provide either partial pay or a waiting p erio d . In addition to the presentation of the proportion s of w o rk ers who are provided sick n ess and accident insurance or paid sic k le a v e , an unduplicated total is shown of w ork ers who r e c e iv e either or both types of b en efits. Catastrophe in su ran ce, s o m e tim e s r e fe r r e d to as m ajor m e d ical insurance, includes those plans which are design ed to p rotect em p loyees in case of sic k n ess and in ju ry involving expen ses beyond the norm al coverage of. h osp ita liza tio n , m e d ic a l, and su rg ic a l plan s. M ed ical insurance r e fe r s to plans providing for com p lete or partial paym ent of d o cto rs' fe e s. Such plans m ay be underw ritten by c o m m e r c ia l insurance com panies or nonprofit organ ization s or they m ay be paid for by the em p loyer out of a fund set aside for this pu rpose. Tabulations of retirem en t pension plans are lim ite d to those plans that provide regular paym ents for the rem ain d er of the w o r k e r 's life . The su m m a ry of vacation plans (table B -5 ) is lim ite d to a s ta tistic a l m ea su re of vacation p r o v isio n s. It is not intended as a m ea su re of the proportion of w o rk ers actu ally receiv in g sp e c ific b en e fits . P r o v isio n s of an esta b lish m en t for all lengths of se r v ic e w ere tabulated as applying to all plant or office w o rk ers of the e s ta b lis h m en t, r e g a r d le s s of length of s e r v ic e . P ro v isio n s for paym ent on other than a tim e b a sis w ere converted to a tim e b a s is ; for ex am p le, a paym ent of 2 percen t of annual earnings was con sidered as the equ iv alent of 1 w e ek 's pay. E stim a te s exclude v a c a tio n -sa v in g s plans and those which offer "e x te n d e d " or "s a b b a t ic a l" benefits beyond b asic plans to w o rk ers with qualifying lengths of s e r v ic e . T y p ical of such ex clu sion s are plans in the s te e l, alum inum , and can in d u stries. Data on overtim e p rem iu m pay (table B - 7 ) , the hours after which prem ium pay is re c e iv e d and the corresp o n d in g rate of pay, are presented by daily and w eekly p r o v is io n s . D aily o v ertim e r e fe r s to work in ex c ess of a sp ecified num ber of hours a day r e g a r d le s s of the number of hours worked on other days of the pay p eriod. W eekly o vertim e r e fe r s to work in e x c e s s of a sp e c ifie d num ber of hours per week r e g a r d le ss of the day on which it is p e rfo r m e d , the num ber of hours per day, or number of days w orked . 1 An establishment was considered as having a policy if conditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions shifts during the 12 months prior to the survey, or (2) had provisions in late shifts. written, it met either of the following The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer formal provisions covering contributions. if it (1) had operated late An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the written form for operating minimum number of days of sick leave available to each employee. Such a plan need not be but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. T a b le 1. E s t a b li s h m e n t s and W o r k e r s W ith in S c o p e o f S u r v e y an d N u m b e r S tu d ie d in R i c h m o n d , V a . , 1 b y M a j o r I n d u s t r y D i v is io n , 2 N o v e m b e r 196 7 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s N u m b e r o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s In d u s try d iv is io n A l l d i v i s i o n s __________ ______________________ _ M a n u fa c t u r in g _______ ______________________________ __ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ________________________ ____ ______ T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , an d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 5 _________________________ W h o l e s a le t r a d e ___________________________________ R e t a il t r a d e ............. . F in a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ________ S e rv ice s 8 ... ......... M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f s tu d y W it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y W ith in s c o p e o f stu d y 3 _ 448 50 - 145 303 50 50 50 50 50 41 71 92 49 50 S tu d ied T o t a l4 S tu d ie d P la n t O ffice N um ber P ercen t 138 9 5 ,0 0 0 100 5 9 ,1 0 0 1 6 ,8 0 0 5 7 ,0 4 0 51 87 4 5 ,5 0 0 4 9 ,5 0 0 48 52 3 3, 500 2 5 ,6 0 0 4 , 300 1 2 ,5 0 0 2 7 , 770 2 9 ,2 7 0 17 16 19 18 17 1 1 ,4 0 0 6 , 6 00 1 7 ,6 0 0 9, 000 4 , 900 12 7 19 9 5 4 , 6 00 2, 9 0 0 9, 630 2 ,6 6 0 8 , 890 5, 860 2 , 230 T o t a l4 (6) (6 ) (7) ( 6) (6 ) (6 ) ( 6) (6) 1 T h e R i c h m o n d S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l it a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , a s d e fin e d b y the B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t t h r o u g h A p r i l 1 9 6 7 , c o n s i s t s o f th e c i t y o f R i c h m o n d ; a n d the c o u n t i e s o f C h e s t e r f i e l d , H a n o v e r , an d H e n r i c o . T h e " w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s sh o w n in t h is t a b le p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s i z e an d c o m p o s i t i o n o f the l a b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e n o t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w ith o t h e r e m p l o y m e n t in d e x e s f o r the a r e a t o m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r |l e v e l s s i n c e (1) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s the u s e o f e s t a b l is h m e n t d a ta c o m p il e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f the p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d ie d , and (2 ) s m a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1967 e d i t i o n o f the S t a n d a rd I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l is h m e n t s b y in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . 3 I n c l u d e s a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m in im u m li m it a t io n . A l l o u t le t s (w ith in the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in s u c h i n d u s t r ie s a s t r a d e , f i n a n c e , a u t o r e p a i r s e r v i c e , a n d m o t i o n p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 e s t a b l is h m e n t . 4 I n c l u d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c l u d e d f r o m the s e p a r a t e p la n t a n d o f f i c e c a t e g o r i e s . 5 T a x i c a b s a n d s e r v i c e s i n c id e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n w e r e e x c l u d e d . R i c h m o n d 's g a s u t il it y i s m u n i c i p a l l y o p e r a t e d a n d is e x c l u d e d b y d e f in i t io n f r o m th e s c o p e o f the stu d y . 6 T h is in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l in d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g " in th e S e r i e s A t a b l e s , an d f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " in th e S e r i e s B t a b l e s . S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n o f d a ta f o r t h is d i v i s i o n i s n o t m a d e f o r o n e o r m o r e o f th e fo l lo w i n g r e a s o n s : (1 ) E m p lo y m e n t in th e d i v i s i o n i s t o o s m a ll t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h d a ta t o m e r i t s e p a r a t e ) s t u d y , (2 ) the s a m p le w a s n o t d e s i g n e d i n i t i a l l y t o p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n , (3) r e s p o n s e w a s i n s u f f i c i e n t o r in a d e q u a t e t o p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n , a n d (4 ) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t d a ta . 7 W o r k e r s f r o m t h is e n t ir e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n a r e r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a n d " n o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g " in the S e r i e s A t a b l e s , b u t f r o m th e r e a l e s t a t e p o r t io n o n ly in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " in th e S e r i e s B t a b l e s . S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n o f d a ta f o r t h is d i v i s i o n is n o t m a d e f o r on e o r m o r e o f th e r e a s o n s g iv e n in fo o t n o t e 6 a b o v e . 8 H o t e l s a n d m o t e l s ; la u n d r i e s an d o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i le r e p a i r , r e n t a l, a n d p a r k in g ; m o t io n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o fi t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n iz a t io n s (e x c lu d in g r e l i g i o u s a n d c h a r i t a b l e o r g a n i z a t i o n s ) ; a n d e n g in e e r in g an d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . A l m o s t o n e - h a l f o f the w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y in the R i c h m o n d a r e a w e r e e m p l o y e d in m a n u fa c t u r in g f i r m s . T h e f o l lo w i n g t a b le p r e s e n t s the m a j o r in d u s t r y g r o u p s and s p e c i f i c in d u s t r i e s a s a p e r c e n t o f a ll m a n u fa c t u r i n g : In d u stry g r o u p s S p e c i f i c i n d u s t r ie s T o b a c c o ______________________________ 21 C h e m i c a ls a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s __________________________ 20 P a p e r and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ______ 10 P r i m a r y m e t a ls i n d u s t r i e s _____ 9 F o o d an d k in d r e d p r o d u c t s _____ 9 A p p a r e l and o t h e r t e x t il e P l a s t i c m a t e r i a l s an d s y n t h e t i c s ________________________ 17 C i g a r e t t e s __________________________ 14 N o n fe rr o u s r o llin g and d r a w i n g ___________________________ 9 P a p e r b o a r d c o n t a i n e r s and b o x e s ______________________________ 5 P r in t in g and p u b l is h i n g --------------- 7 T h is in f o r m a t io n i s b a s e d on e s t i m a t e s o f t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t d e r i v e d f r o m u n i v e r s e m a te r ia ls co m p ile d p r io r to a ctu a l s u r v e y . P r o p o r t i o n s in v a r io u s in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s m a y d i f f e r f r o m p r o p o r t i o n s b a s e d o n th e r e s u l t s o f th e s u r v e y a s s h o w n in t a b le 1 a b o v e . 4 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P rese n te d in table 2 a re indexes and p ercen tages of change in a vera ge s a la r ie s of office c le r ic a l w o rk ers and in du strial n u r s e s , and in a vera ge earnings of selected plant w orker g rou ps. The indexes are a m ea su re of w ages at a given tim e , e x p r e sse d as a percen t of w ages during the b ase period (date of the area su rvey conducted between July I960 and June 1961). Subtracting 100 fr o m the index y ield s the percentage change in w ages fro m the b ase perio d to the date o f the index. The p ercen tages of change or in c re a se rela te to wage changes between the indicated d a tes. T h ese estim a te s are m e a su re s of change in a vera ges for the a re a ; they are not intended to m ea su re a verage pay changes in the esta b lish m en ts in the a re a . in the occupational group. T h e se constant w eights re fle c t b ase y ear em ploym ents w h erever p o s s ib le . The a vera g e (m ean) earnings fo r each occupation w ere m u ltip lied by the occupational weight, and the products for all occupations in the group w e re totaled. The a g g re g a te s for 2 consecutive y ea rs w ere rela ted by dividing the a ggregate fo r the la te r year by the a ggregate for the e a r lie r y e a r . The resultant re la tiv e , le s s 100 percen t, shows the p ercen tage change. The index is the product of m ultiplying the b a se y ea r rela tiv e (100) by the rela tiv e fo r the next succeeding year and continuing to m u ltiply (compound) each y e a r 's relative by the prev iou s y e a r 's index. A v e r a g e earnings fo r the following occupations w ere u sed in com puting the wage tren d s: Method of Computing Each of the selected key occupations within an occupational group was a ssig n ed a weight based on its proportionate em ploym ent Office clerical (men and women): Bookkeeping-machine operators, class B Clerks, accounting, classes A and B Clerks, file, classes A, B, and C Clerks, order Clerks, payroll Comptometer operators Keypunch operators, classes A and B Office boys and girls Table 2. Office clerical (men and women)— Continued Secretaries Stenographers, general Stenographers, senior Switchboard operators, classes A and B Tabulating-machine operators, class B Typists, classes A and B Skilled maintenance (men): Carpenters Electricians Machinists Mechanics Mechanics (automotive) Pa inters Pipefitters Tool and die makers Unskilled plant (men): Janitors, porters, and cleaners Laborers, material handling Industrial nurses (men and women): Nurses, industrial (registered) Indexes of Standard Weekly Salaries and Straight-Time Hourly Earnings for Selected Occupational Groups in Richmond, Va. , November 1967 and November 1966, and Percents of Increase for Selected Periods Indexes (December 1960=100) Industry and occupational group Percents of increase November 1966 November 1965 November 1964 November 1963 November 1962 November 1961 December 1960 February 1960 November 1967 November 1966 to to to to to to to to November 1967 November 1966 November 1965 November 1964 November 1963 November 1962 November 1961 [December 1960 A ll industries: Office clerical (men and w om en)---------------------Industrial nurses (men and w om en)---------------Skilled maintenance (men)— ---------------------- ------Unskilled plant (m e n )---------— - — -------------------— 124.6 121.8 126.8 137.8 122.6 115.2 121.6 133.6 1 .6 5 .7 4. 3 3. 1 3 .8 4. 1 3 .3 8. 5 5 .4 3.8 5 .5 4 .0 2 .6 .5 2 .6 2 .7 2 .6 3. 5 2 .3 3. 1 2. 5 1 .0 2 .6 3 .2 3 .9 1 .5 3 .5 8 .3 2 .6 3. 7 3. 4 5. 3 Manufacturing: Office clerical (men and women) — -------• ----- Industrial nurses (men and w om en)-------------------Skilled maintenance ( men)— — -------------------------Unskilled plant (men) — ---------- — --------------- ------- 120.9 121. 3 125.4 137.0 117.2 115.4 120. 1 130.9 3 .2 5 .2 4 .5 4 .7 2 .9 5 .0 3 .3 4 .0 3 .5 4 .2 5.1 5. 1 2.1 0 2 .3 3 .3 2 .8 3 .4 1 .9 3. 7 2 .0 1. 5 2 .7 3 .2 2 .8 .5 3 .2 8 .4 2 .9 3 .6 3 .2 2. 5 1 The amount of this increase reflects changes in employment among establishments with different pay levels in addition to general wage changes. 5 F o r office c le r ic a l w o rk ers and industrial n u rse s, the wage trends relate to reg u lar w eek ly sa la r ie s for the n orm al workw eek, ex clu siv e of earnin gs for o v ertim e . F o r plant w orker grou ps, they m e a su re changes in average stra ig h t-tim e hourly earn in gs, excluding p rem iu m pay for o vertim e and for work on weekends, h olid ay s, and late sh ifts. The percen ta ges are based on data for selected key occu pations and include m o st of the n u m erica lly im portant job s within each group. Changes in the labor fo rce can cause in c re a se s or d e c re a s e s in the occupational a vera ge s without actual wage changes. It is conceivable that even though all esta blish m en ts in an area gave wage in c re a s e s , average w ages m ay have declined becau se lo w e r-p a y in g establish m en ts entered the a re a or expanded their work fo r c e s . S im ila r ly , wages m ay have rem ain ed re la tiv e ly constant, yet the a vera ge s for an area m ay have r ise n con siderab ly becau se h igh er-payin g establish m en ts entered the a re a . L im ita tio n s of Data The indexes and percen tages of change, as m e a su re s of change in a re a a v e r a g e s, are influenced by: (l) general sa la ry and wage ch an ges, (Z) m e r it or other in cre a se s in pay receiv ed by indi vidual w o rk ers while in the sam e jo b , and (3) changes in average w ages due to changes in the labor force resulting fr o m labor turn o v e r , fo rc e ex p a n sion s, fo r c e reductions, and changes in the p ro p o r tions of w o rk ers em p loyed by establish m en ts with different pay le v e ls . The use of constant em ploym ent weights elim in a tes the effect of changes in the proportion of w o rk ers rep resen ted in each job in cluded in the data. The percen tages of change r e fle c t only changes in average pay for stra ig h t-tim e h ou rs. They are not influenced by changes in standard work sch ed u les, as such, or by p rem iu m pay for o v ertim e . W h ere n e c e s s a r y , data w ere adjusted to rem ove fro m the indexes and percen tages of change any significant effect caused by changes in the scope of the su rvey. 6 A. Table A-l. Occupational Earnings Office Occupations—Men and Women (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o cc u p a tio n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , R ich m o n d , V a ., N o v e m b e r 1967) W eekly earnings1 (standard) Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Average weekly hours1 (standard) •N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f— $ $ 50 M ean 2 Median 2 M iddle range 2 $ 55 $ $ 60 65 70 $ 75 l $ 80 85 % 90 i $ $ 95 lo d 1 05 i 110 % S 115 12C 130 $ S 14 G 150 i i 160 170 and under 55 180 and 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 1 05 11C 115 12C 130 140 15 C 160 170 1 80 over 5 T 5 3 4 -1 13 13 1 16 12 4 2 11 8 3 3 14 5 9 6 16 0 8 8 15 i: 5 5 19 19 - 2 1 l 1 8 8 - 9 9 - 4 2; 2 2; 8 4 4 4 1 1 - 2 1 1 L 14 7 7 7 5 1 4 4 9 3 6 6 ~ “ 2 2 “ ~ - 6 2 7 7 _ 8 ~ _ 4 - “ 4 ~ _ " 7 1 - 9 2 1 - - - - - 4 - 5 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ ~ “ “ “ ~ _ 100 MEN CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A MANUFACTURING ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 -------------CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS 8 MANUFACTURING ------------------------NGNMANUFACTURING -----------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 -------------CLERKS, ORDER -------------------------------NONMANUFACIURING ------------------ 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 $ $ 1 3 2 . 5 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 4 3 .5 0 1 4 5 .0 0 1 1 6 .5 0 1 1 3 .0 0 1 3 0 .5 0 1 3 1 . 0 0 45 33 3 9 .0 3d . 0 3 9 .5 40. C 1 0 7 .0 0 1 0 9 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 3 .5 0 1 0 3 .0 0 1 0 2 .5 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 2 1 .5 0 8 8 .5 0 -1 2 6 .0 0 9 4 .0 0 -1 2 3 .5 0 8 2 .0 0 -1 2 9 .5 0 9 7 .5 0 -1 3 3 .0 0 98 73 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 8 .5 0 8 7 .5 0 9 1 .0 0 8 6 .5 0 7 9 .5 0 -1 1 4 .5 0 7 8 .0 0 - 9 5 .0 0 1 0 1 .0 0 -1 2 3 .5 0 139 83 56 26 86 41 $‘ $ 1 1 2 .0 0 -1 5 1 .0 0 1 1 9 .0 0 -1 5 6 .5 0 1 0 5 .5 0 -1 3 0 .5 0 1 2 1 .0 0 -1 4 0 .5 0 - - - - - - - - - 2 - 2 - _ _ _ 1 - - - - 7 7 2 2 2 I 7 3 4 3 7 5 2 1 4 3 1 1 13 9 4 1 9 9 17 17 9 9 11 6 15 15 8 8 - _ - - _ _ - 1 _ - 2 2 PAYROLL --------------------------- 26 4 0 .0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 2 .5 0 - - - - - - 2 4 - - OFFICE BOYS -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------- 59 47 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 • 7 4 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 6 5 .5 0 6 3 .5 0 - 8 2 .0 0 8 4 .0 0 _ 8 8 6 6 16 12 4 1 8 5 7 S 1 1 _ _ “ “ 9 9 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B ------------------------------------------- 26 3 9 .0 9 6 .5 0 9 7 .0 0 8 7 .0 0 -1 0 4 .0 0 - 5 2 4 5 B IL LE R S, MACHINE (B ILLIN G MACHINE) ----------------------------------------------------- 54 3 9 .5 7 9 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 - 8 6 .0 0 6 2 B ILLE RS, MACHINE ( EOOKKEEPING MACHINE) ----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 111 33 3 7 .0 3 9 .0 7 5 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 7 2 .0 0 8 3 .0 0 6 3 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 - 8 5 .0 0 9 3 .0 0 _ _ _ - “ BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS A -------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 59 28 31 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 3 7 .5 9 2 .5 0 8 8 .0 0 9 6 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 8 7 .5 0 9 5 .0 0 8 3 .5 0 -1 0 5 .0 0 8 4 .0 0 - 9 4 .5 0 8 3 .5 0 -1 1 2 .5 0 _ _ - ” ~ _ _ - 4 4 22 22 18 16 48 48 20 10 4 1 2 _ _ _ _ - - - - - 12 12 10 10 14 2 12 32 32 13 3 10 72 6 66 24 82 25 57 9 59 11 48 10 43 22 21 7 CLERKS, “ A - 1 - WOMEN 1 15 19 2 48 “ 4 2 9 6 2 2 21 12 ~ 6 6 5 4 1 2 - 11 4 7 12 12 “ 8 2 6 _ _ - - ” “ 2 3 13 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 ~ 1 1 ~ 11 1 10 16 12 4 1 56 14 142 25 12 13 37 10 27 8 17 7 10 8 15 7 8 4 2 2 1 7 7 - _ _ “ - “ 8 8 - - _ 6 1 1 - 6 1 1 3 - 3 BGOKKEEPING-KACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B -------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 118 101 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 7 5 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 7 6 .5 0 7 6 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 - 7 9 .5 0 7 0 .0 0 - 7 8 .5 0 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 335 69 2 66 3 8 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 1 0 1 .0 0 1 1 3 .0 0 9 8 .0 0 1 0 2 .5 0 1 0 6 .5 0 1 0 2 .0 0 9 6 .0 0 -1 0 5 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 1 9 .5 0 9 0 .5 0 -1 0 4 .0 0 - “ CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 --------------------------- 495 110 3 85 115 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 3 8 .0 3 8 .5 8 2 .5 0 8 9 .5 0 8 0 .0 0 9 2 .5 0 7 8 .5 0 8 7 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 8 4 .0 0 7 0 . 5 0 - 8 9 .5 0 7 8 .5 0 - 9 8 .0 0 6 8 .5 0 - 8 6 .0 0 7 2 .5 0 -1 1 7 .0 0 _ 6 6 - 42 42 - 71 5 66 17 CLERKS, F IL E , CLASS A --------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 55 50 3 8 .0 3 7 .5 8 7 .5 0 8 7 .5 0 8 5 .5 0 8 2 .5 0 7 2 .0 0 -1 0 1 .5 0 7 1 .5 0 -1 0 2 .5 0 _ 1 1 5 5 4 4 11 10 5 5 x 8 6 5 3 _ 1 CLERKS, F IL E , CLASS B --------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 247 44 203 3 8 .0 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 7 2 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 7 1 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 6 8 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 - 7 8 .0 0 7 2 .0 0 - 7 8 .5 0 6 4 . 0 0 - 7 8 .0 0 - 15 53 5 48 53 29 16 13 60 18 42 20 1 19 5 3 2 2 1 1 2 See fo o t n o t e s a t end o f ta b le. - - - ~ 15 - - 53 _ _ _ _ _ ~ - - - - _ - “ ~ ~ “ “ 10 5 5 7 1 6 2 2 - 4 4 4 4 _ - - 11 11 11 4 1 3 2 14 2 12 12 _ - 2 2 _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " " “ 2 2 16 6 10 14 4 10 9 8 1 1 7 2 5 5 _ 2 _ _ _ ~ 7 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and W om en— Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , R ich m o n d , V a ., N o v e m b e r 1967) Weekly earnings1 (standard) Average weekly hours1 ( standard) S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly e a rn in g s of— $ $ 50 M ean2 ( $ 55 $ 60 $ 65 $ 70 $ 75 $ 80 85 $ 90 $ 95 100 $ 105 * lit) $ 115 120 130 $ 140 $ 150 $ 160 $ 170 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 1 05 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 130 j o 37 37 50 46 12 12 19 15 22 11 6 $ $ ! 180 Median 2 und er 55 WOMEN - CONTINUED $ 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 6 4 .5 0 6 4 .0 0 $ 6 2 .5 0 6 2 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 - 6 8 .0 0 5 9 .0 0 - 6 6 .5 0 77 53 4 0 .0 40. C 8 3 .5 0 8 9 .5 0 86.00 8 9 .0 0 7 1 .5 0 - 9 3 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 1 0 0 .5 0 CLERKS, PAYROLL -------MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUFACTURING 127 62 65 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 9 5 .5 0 9 9 .0 0 9 2 .0 0 9 2 .0 0 9 4 .5 0 8 9 .5 0 8 1 .5 0 1 1 0 .5 0 8 3 .5 0 1 1 1 .5 0 8 G .0 0 - 1 0 9 . 0 0 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS MANUFACTURING ---------NONMANUFACTURING — 183 71 112 3 9 .0 3 9 .5 3 9 .C 7 9 .0 0 7 8 .5 0 7 9 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 7 4 .5 0 7 4 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 - 8 5 .5 0 7 1 . 5 0 - 8 3 .5 0 7 1 . 0 0 - 8 6 .0 0 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A MANUFACTURING ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 164 70 94 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 8 7 .5 0 9 5 .0 0 8 2 .0 0 8 8 .5 0 9 3 .5 0 8 3 .0 0 8 0 .5 0 - 9 4 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 1 0 1 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 - 8 9 .5 0 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B MANUFACTURING ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 ------------ 278 29 249 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 7 8 .0 0 8 2 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 8 3 .0 0 7 4 . 0C 8 3 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 6 8 . 0 0 - 8 2 .5 0 7 7 . 0 0 - 8 9 .0 0 6 7 . 5 0 - 8 0 .0 0 6 8 .5 0 1 1 1 .0 0 22 69 1 22 68 79 3 7 .5 3 7 .5 6 5 .5 0 6 5 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 6 1 .5 0 - 6 8 .5 0 6 2 .0 0 - 6 8 .5 0 33 1 ,0 9 1 4 29 662 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 3 9 .5 101.00 1 0 4 .5 0 9 9 .0 0 1 1 8 .0 0 9 9 .0 0 1 0 1 .5 0 9 6 .5 0 122.00 CLERKS. F IL E , CLASS C NONMANUFACTURING — CLERKS, ORDER -----MANUFACTURING OFFICE GIRLS --------------NONMANUFACTURING SECRETARIES4 --------------------MANUFACTURING ---------NONMANUFACTURING — PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 124 114 116 70 8 8 .5 0 9 3 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 9 4 .0 0 - 1 1 1 .5 0 1 1 3 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 59 43 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 1 2 ,0 .5 0 1 1 9 .0 0 IJL8.50 1 1 7 .0 0 1 0 6 .0 0 -1 3 4 .0 0 1 0 4 .5 0 1 3 0 .0 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS B -------MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 ---------- 2 05 77 128 25 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 7 .5 3 8 .5 1 1 0 .5 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 0 .5 0 1 2 4 .0 0 1 0 9 .5 0 1 1 2 .5 0 1 0 8 .0 0 1 3 0 .5 0 9 7 .5 0 1 0 2 .5 0 9 6 .0 0 1 1 2 .5 0 - 1 2 3 .0 0 1 2 2 .0 0 1 2 4 .0 0 1 3 3 .0 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS C MANUFACTURING -----------NONMANUFACTURING -----PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 - 302 65 237 27 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 4 0 .0 10 1 .0 0 9 9 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0 9 9 .0 0 I O C .00 8 8 .5 0 8 9 .0 0 8 8 .0 0 8 8 .0 0 - 1 1 0 .0 0 1 0 9 .0 0 1 1 0 .5 0 1 4 2 .0 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS 0 MANUFACTURING -----------NONMANUFACTURINC -----PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3 - 351 102 249 38 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 4 0 .0 9 3 . 50 1 0 5 .0 0 8 8 .5 0 112 .00 8 9 .5 0 9 8 .0 0 8 5 .5 0 1 1 5 .0 0 7 9 .5 0 1 0 1 .0 0 8 9 .0 0 1 1 9 .0 0 7 7 . 5 0 - 9 6 .5 0 9 4 .0 0 1 3 3 .0 0 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL NONMANUFACTURING -----PUBLIC U T I L IT IE S 3 - 519 312 120 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 8 7 .0 0 8 7 .0 0 1 0 1 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 7 9 .5 0 1 1 3 .0 0 7 7 . 0 0 - 9 2 .5 0 7 3 .0 0 - 9 5 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 1 2 3 .0 0 STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR NONMANUFACTURING ------ 2 06 103 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 9 8 .5 0 8 9 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 8 3 .5 0 8 2 .5 0 7 9 .5 0 - 76 51 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 9 0 .5 0 9 1 .5 0 8 5 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS A NONMANUFACTURING ------ SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS A -----NONMANUFACTURINC ------------------------------ See fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le . 1 0 3 .5 0 100.00 1 1 3 .5 0 1 1 8 7 3 3 18 18 t 11 15 7 11 7 8 17 17 11 2 9 18 9 9 81 29 52 20 12 24 2 8 22 18 18 33 43 55 5 50 24 25 23 3 2 13 1 46 3 43 12 24 7 17 47 27 4 43 10 19 29 10 19 2 2 39 26 13 14 8 11 10 1 7 3 4 4 6 3 3 61 2 104 50 54 14 133 56 77 139 69 70 6 137 65 72 2 49 47 3 3 3 11 1 10 16 3 13 9 30 55 30 49 9 24 1 23 6 48 45 10 79 101 73 23 I 1 0 8 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 1 29 29 8 0 . 5 0 - 9 9 .5 0 7 8 .5 0 1 1 4 .0 0 7 7 9 7 46 11 10 7 3 28 20 14 18 3 15 2 29 3 26 2 41 11 30 1 47 18 29 5 44 15 29 1 34 13 90 26 3 13 3 11 22 11 2 22 13 34 21 22 2 2 26 7 19 3 37 15 48 26 21 6 14 7 7 31 10 21 l 30 13 6 21 2 3 1 31 11 20 1 14 11 3 32 18 14 28 10 18 17 21 17 5 16 1 10 5 5 2 12 15 6 9 9 44 43 20 16 22 5 5 7 7 6 14 5 7 15 11 8 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Wom en— Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s stu d ied on an a re a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , R ich m o n d , V a ., N o v e m b e r 1967) W eekly earnings1 (standard) 'N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s of— $ Average weekly hours1 ( standard) S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u str y d iv is io n $ 50 55 $ 60 ( 65 $ 70 $ 75 « 60 $ ! 85 > 90 & 95 100 $ 105 * * 1 10 $ 115 and u n d er 55 WOMEN - $ * 12C - 6C 65 70 75 16 16 13 13 14 14 26 12 13 31 5 26 80 65 90 95 17 7 ?0 100 105 110 115 12C 130 t 130 140 $ 140 - 15C t 150 160 S 160 190 180 over 170 % 1 70 and CONTINUED SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B -----NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 97 86 4 0 .0 4 C .C 7 2 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 $ 7 3 .0 0 7 1 .0 0 $ $ 6 4 . 0 0 - 7 9 .5 0 6 3 . 0 0 - 7 8 .5 0 SWITCHBUARD UPERATCR-RECEPTICNISTS MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 155 78 77 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 8 0 .5 0 8 5 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 7 8 .5 0 8 3 .0 0 7 3 .5 0 7 1 . 0 0 - 8 9 .0 0 7 6 . 0 0 - 9 3 .0 0 7 C . 0 0 - 8 5 . CO TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B -----------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING----------.------------------- 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 9 1 .5 0 9 1 .5 0 9 5 .5 0 9 5 .5 0 8 6 .5 0 8 7 .0 0 - 9 8 .0 0 9 8 .0 0 TABULATING-MACHINC OPERATORS, CLASS C -----------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 3 7 .0 3 7 .0 8 0 .5 0 7 8 .0 0 7 9 .0 0 7 8 .5 0 7 5 .5 0 7 5 .0 0 - 8 6 .5 0 8 5 .5 0 39. C 3 8 .0 7 9 .0 0 8 7 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 8 0 .0 0 8 3 .5 0 7 1 .0 0 6 9 . 5 0 - 8 3 .5 0 8 1 . CO- 9 5 .0 0 6 7 . 6 0 - 8 1 .0 0 7 9 . CO 8 2 .5 0 7 7 .5 0 8 7 .0 0 7 7 .5 0 8 4 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 8 4 .5 0 7 1 .0 0 - 86.0 0 7 5 . 5 0 - 8 9 .0 0 6 9 . 5 0 - 8 3 .5 0 7 3 .0 0 - 9 4 .0 0 7 0 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 7 5 .5 0 6 8 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 6 8.00 7 0 .5 0 6 4 .5 0 6 7 .5 0 6 4 .0 0 6 7 .5 0 - TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATORS, GENERAL -----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 136 52 83 4.) •0 T Y P IS T S , CLASS A ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NUNMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC U T I L IT I E S 3-------------------------- 159 28 3 7 .5 39. 3 3 7 .C 3 9 .C T Y P IS T S , CLASS B ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC U T I L IT I E S 3-------------------------- 610 103 5 07 53 3 7 .5 3 8 .5 3 7 .5 3 9 .C 49 110 7 4 .0 0 8 1 .0 0 7 3 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 21 15 21 19 14 7 14 10 12 37 37 13 13 24 4 20 19 2 1H 154 13 141 17 6 31 2 186 120 22 21 164 25 19 15 7 2 21 2l 53 17 36 23 13 10 41 17 27 9 18 1 S tandard h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d / o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ) , and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th ese w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 T he m e a n is co m p u te d fo r e a ch j o b b y tota lin g the e a r n in g s o f a ll w o r k e r s and d iv id in g b y the n u m b er o f w o r k e r s . The m ed ia n d e s ig n a t e s p o s it io n — h a lf o f the e m p lo y e e s s u r v e y e d r e c e i v e m o r e than the ra te show n;i h a lf r e c e iv e le s s than the ra te (shown. T he m id d le ra n g e is d e fin e d b y 2 r a t e s o f p a y ; a fo u rth o f the w o r k e r s e a r n le s s than the lo w e r o f th e se r a t e s and a fo u r th e a r n m o r e than the h ig h e r ra te. 3 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 4 M a y in clu d e w o r k e r s o th e r than th o se p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . 9 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Wom en (A v e r a g e st r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u str y d iv is io n , R ich m o n d , V a. , N o v e m b e r 1967) Weekly earnings1 (standard) Number S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n workers Average weekly hours1 ( standard) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly e a rn in g s o f— $ % 75 M ean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 $ 80 t $ 35 90 * $ 95 100 * % 105 110 $ 115 120 * 125 $ % 1 30 135 $ $ 14G 145 $ t 150 155 $ $ 160 170 $ 180 and u n d er 1 90 and 80 85 90 95 100 105 - - - - - - 11} 115 120 125 1 30 135 140 145 150 155 160 170 180 190 over - - - - 1 1 9 9 5 5 - 1 l - - 10 8 5 5 1 1 MEN 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 $ $ 1 6 2 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 1 6 3 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 $ $ 1 4 3 .5 0 -1 7 9 .0 0 1 4 4 .0 0 -1 7 9 .5 0 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS A MANUFACTURING — 33 29 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS 6 MANUFACTURING — 163 152 4 0 . 0 1 3 7 .5 0 4 0 . G 1 3 7 .0 0 1 3 5 .5 0 1 3 5 .5 0 12 7 . 0 0 - 1 4 9 . 5 0 1 2 7 .0 0 -1 4 7 .0 0 _ DRAFTSMEN, CLASS C MANUFACTURING - 122 114 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 1 0 8 .5 0 1 0 8 .0 0 1 1 1 .5 0 1 1 1 .0 0 1 0 C .0 0 - 1 2 0 . 0 0 9 9 .5 0 - 1 1 9 .0 0 5 5 3b . 5 1 2 0 .0 0 3 9 . C 1 2 2 .5 0 1 1 9 .0 0 1 2 1 .0 0 1 0 7 .0 0 -1 2 9 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 4 0 .5 0 _ _ - - - - “ “ 5 5 11 10 1 1 4 4 10 10 15 14 3 2 2 2 8 4 _ 11 11 9 8 8 7 18 17 27 26 29 29 9 9 8 7 9 6 12 9 17 17 1 1 - h B 24 23 15 14 9 9 6 6 4 - 1C 10 - - - - - - 9 5 6 6 6 5 11 8 5 4 2 3 3 - - UCMEN NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) -----MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 64 50 1 S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ich e m p lo y e e : to t h e se w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 F o r d e fin it io n o f t e r m s , s e e fo o t n o t e 2, ta ble A - l . r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t -t im e 7 s a la r i e s (e x c l u s i v e o f pay f o r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m 7 7 r a t e s ), 2 2 and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d 10 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o cc u p a tio n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , R ic h m o n d , V a ., N o v e m b e r 1967) Average Occupation and industry division Number of workers Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS OFFICE OCCUPATIONS B I L L E R S , MACHINE ( E I L LI N G MACHINE) --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------B I L L E R S , MACHINE (BOOKKEEPING MACHINE) --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------------------- Average 61 45 39.5 40.0 $ 83.50 81.50 111 33 37.0 39.0 75.50 84 .00 BCOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS A ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------- 60 28 32 38.5 39.5 37.5 92.50 88.00 96.00 BCOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------- 118 101 39.5 39.5 75 .00 74.00 C L E RK S , ACCOUNTING, CLASS A --MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------- 474 152 322 3 8 . 5 1 1 0 .5 0 3 9 . C 129.50 38.0 101.50 C L E RK S , ACCOUNTING, CLASS B — MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 1 2------------- 581 151 4 3C 1A 8 38.0 3 8 .5 38.0 39.C 86.00 95 .00 82.50 97.00 C L E RK S , F I L E , CLASS A ------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 2 ------------- 69 6A 29 3 3.0 3 8.0 3 9. 5 98. CD 99.00 1 2 2. 50 CLE R KS , F I L E , C L A i S B ------------MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 2 ------------- 256 AA 212 AO 38. C 3 9. 5 38. G 3 9. 0 7 4 .0 0 76.00 7 3 .5 0 92.00 CLE R KS , F I L E , CLASS NONMANUFACTURING C ---------------------------- 12 A UA 38. 0 38 . C 64.50 64.00 C L E RK S , ORDER --------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------- 175 78 97 40.0 92.00 4 0. C 1 0 2. 50 83.50 4 C.r CLE R KS , PAYROLL ----------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------NCNMANUFAC T U R I N G ---------------- 153 78 75 3 9. 0 3 9. 0 38.5 98.00 1 0 1. 00 94.50 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS ------------MANUFACTURING --------------------NUNMANUFACTURING ---------------- 18 3 71 112 3 9. 0 3 9. 5 39.0 79.00 78.50 79.00 - Average Number Weekly hours 1 (standard) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) CONTINUED O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d i v is i o n of workers OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - W eekly hours 1 (standard) W eekly earnings 1 (standard) CONTINUED KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A --------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 165 71 94 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 $ 8 8 .0 0 9 5 .5 0 8 2 .0 0 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B --------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING-------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 2 --------------------------- 281 29 252 11.6 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 7 7 .5 0 8 2 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 8 3 .0 0 OFFICE BOYS AND G IRLS-----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING--------:----------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 2 ---------------------------- 138 117 41 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 6 9 .0 0 6 9 .5 0 7 7 .5 0 SECRETARIES3------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 2 ---------------------------- 1 ,1 0 3 4 29 6 74 111 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 3 8 .0 3 9 .5 1 0 1 .5 0 1 0 4 .5 0 9 9 .5 0 1 2 0 .0 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS A ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING----------------------- -------- 59 43 3 8 .0 3 8 .0 1 2 0 .5 0 1 1 8 .5 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS B ------------------ ------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 2 ---------------------------- 206 77 129 26 3 8 .0 3 9 .0 3 7 .5 3 8 .5 1 1 0 .5 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 1 .0 0 1 2 4 .0 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS C ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 2---------------------------- 308 65 243 33 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 AO.O 1 0 1 .5 0 1 0 3 .5 0 1 0 1 .0 0 1 1 9 .5 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS D ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 2---------------------------- 356 102 254 A3 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 3 8 .0 4 0 .0 9 4 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 8 9 .5 0 1 1 5 .0 0 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING-------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L IT IE S 2--------------------------- 532 325 133 3 9 .0 3 8 .5 3 9 .5 8 8 .0 0 8 8 .5 0 1 0 3 .0 0 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS A ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 33 29 STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 208 105 3 9 .5 3 9 .0 9 9 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS B ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING-------------------------------- ------- 1 76 162 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 3 7 .5 0 1 3 7 .5 0 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS A -------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 76 51 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 9 0 .5 0 9 1 .5 0 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS C ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------- 1 23 1 14 3 9 .5 4 0 .0 1 0 8 .5 0 1 0 8 .0 0 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B -------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 97 86 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 7 2 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) -----MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 64 50 3 8 .5 3 9 .0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 2 .5 0 1 Sta nda rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e c o r r e s p o n d to th ese w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 3 M ay in clu d e w o r k e r s o th e r than th o se p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . Number of workers O c c u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d i v is i o n t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSMANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 155 78 77 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 $ 8 0 .5 0 8 5 .0 0 7 6 .0 0 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS A ------------------------------------------------~------ 28 3 8 .5 1 1 1 .0 0 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B -------------------------------- -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 1 01 91 3 8 .5 3 8 .5 9 2 .5 0 9 2 .0 0 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS C -------------------------------- ‘-----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 57 41 3 8 .0 3 7 .5 9 1 .5 0 7 8 .0 0 TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATORS, GENERAL--------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 1 35 52 83 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 8 .0 7 9 .0 0 8 7 .5 0 7 3 .5 0 T Y P IS T S , CLASS A --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING-------------- -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 2— ------------------------ 163" 53 1 10 28 3 7 .5 " 3 9 .0 3 7 .0 3 9 .0 7 9 .0 0 8 2 .5 0 7 7 .5 0 8 7 .0 0 T Y P IS T S , CLASS B --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L IT I E S 2---------------------------- 617 109 508 54 3 7 .5 3 8 .5 3 7 .5 39. Q 7 0 .0 0 7 4 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 7 6 .5 0 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS s a la r i e s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay f o r o v e r t im e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m iu m 3 9 . 5 " 1 6 2 .0 0 3 9 .5 1 6 3 .0 0 r a t e s ) , and the e a r n in g s Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u str y d iv is io n , R ich m o n d , V a. , N o v e m b e r 1967) N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly w arnings o f— Hourly earnings 1 O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d iv is io n Number of workers * * * $ * $ 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 . 9 0 2 . 0 0 2 .1 0 Middle range 2 U n der * and 1 .7 0 u n d er $ 2 .2 0 * 2 .3 0 * 2 .4 0 * 4 $ 2 . 6 0 2 .7 0 2 .5 0 2 .5 0 $ t 2 .9 0 3 .0 C $ 3 .2 0 $ 3 .3 0 S 3 .4 0 i 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .7 0 3 .8 0 3,.7 0 3 .8 0 ,o v e r and rf) o -< .0 0 $ $ 3 .1 0 l M'“ 2 Median 2 3 .2 0 3 .3 0 3.,4 0 3 .5 0 3 .6 0 3 .4 1 3 .4 4 $ 3 .5 1 3 .6 1 $ $ 3 . 3 0 - 3 .6 7 3 . 3 5 - 3 .6 8 “ i - 1 - 13 5 11 11 10 63 ? 6 6 25 24 10 10 2 “ ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE — MANUFACTURING ----------------------- 2 67 248 3 .5 6 3 .5 4 3 .6 6 3 .6 4 3 . 4 5 - 3 .7 5 3 . 4 5 - 3 .7 4 5 5 2 - _ 11 11 2 2 86 86 6 5 30 27 107 106 13 1 ENGINEERS, STATIONARY -----------MANUFACTURING ----------------------- 52 38 3 .1 6 3 .2 0 3 .0 8 3 .1 2 2 .9 6 3 .0 3 - 4 “ 14 13 3 3 4 2 - _ - 13 13 2 1 _ - - 1 - FIREMEN, STATIONARY BOILER MANUFACTURING ----------------------- 111 98 2 .3 0 2 .4 1 2 .5 2 2 .5 5 1 . 9 4 - 2 .6 6 2 . 0 6 - 2 .6 8 13 13 HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES MANUFACTURING ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 128 92 36 2 .5 7 2 .5 5 2 .6 1 2 .6 0 2 .5 7 2 .6 7 1 1 - - - - _ - - MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE -------MANUFACTURING ----------------------- 276 273 3 .5 1 3 .5 3 18 18 59 59 146 146 3 3 32 32 3 1 MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) ---------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------PU3LIC U T IL IT IE S 3 ------------ 283 61 222 188 1 6 6 6 MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE ---------MANUFACTURING ----------------------- CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE -------MANUK-AC T U R IN G ------------------------ 86 - 3 .5 3 3 .5 4 - - - 4 4 7 7 10 19 9 9 1 1 2 . 3 4 - 2 .8 4 2 . 3 1 - 2 .8 4 2 . 3 6 - 2 .8 0 4 4 4 7 4 3 6 9 4 2 7 2 3 .5 3 3 .5 3 3 .4 6 3 .4 6 - - 2 .9 5 2 .9 4 2 .9 5 2 .9 5 2 .8 4 3 .1 2 2 .7 9 2 .7 6 2 . 6 6 - 3 .4 1 2 . 5 9 - 3 .1 7 2 . 6 6 - 3 .4 3 2 . 6 6 - 3 .4 4 641 618 3 .4 4 3 .4 5 3 .5 3 3 .5 3 3 .3 9 3 .4 0 - 3 .7 4 3 .7 4 OILERS --------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------- 81 81 2 .5 0 2 .5 0 2 .4 8 2 .4 8 2 .3 3 2 .3 3 - 2 .7 8 2 .7 8 PAINTERS, MAINTENANCE -----------MANUFACTURING ----------------------- 108 87 3 .2 8 3 .4 5 3 .6 2 3 .6 3 2 .8 7 3 .5 9 - 64 64 3 .6 3 3 .6 3 3 .7 2 3 .7 2 3 .5 3 3 .5 3 - SHEET-METAL WORKERS, MAINTENANCE — MANUFACTURING ------ 3 .5 8 3 .5 8 4 - 1 1 2 2 1 - l 1 19 19 19 19 7 7 _ - 6 2 4 15 14 i 14 11 3 7 2 19 - - - 5 - 2 8 2 1 2 4 - 9 - 1 1 - - _ _ 9 9 1 1 4 4 - 5 5 6 1 1 - - - _ _ - - - 1 1 _ 3 .6 6 3 .6 7 - - 3 .7 6 3 .7 6 - E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o rk on w eek en d s, F o r d e fin it io n o f t e r m s , s e e fo o t n o t e 2, table A - l . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 14 3 - - 4 4 - 8 1 1 h o lid a y s ,, and la te sh ifts . - - * - 9 1 8 8 8 3 2 1 1 l 1 - - “ “ 13 4 9 73 _ - - 1 73 66 - _ _ * 16 6 10 10 59 1 58 58 6 37 37 “ “ 38 34 4 2 1 > 1j 21 21 15 13 7 7 13 13 8 2 6 6 56 54 8 7 139 1 38 80 89 _ 22 _ _ _ - _ _ _ - - - - 16 16 _ 21 19 19 - - - - - 2 2 66 65 _ - 3 3 - - 2 - 2 - 3 3 _ - - - 1 1 - - - - 10 10 - 41 41 - 2 2 - 4 1 - 13 " - - 13 17 13 - - 12 12 ~ - - - - “ 236 2 36 25 16 - _ _ - 12 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o cc u p a tio n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , R ich m o n d , V a ., N o v e m b e r 1967) .N um ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f— Hourly earnings 2 O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers * 1.70 * 1.80 « 1 .90 $ 2 .00 $ 2.10 S 2.20 2,. 30 S 2.40 S 2.50 2 .60 $ 2.70 $ 2.80 S 2 .90 $ 3.00 $ 3.10 % 1.50 $ 1.60 1 . 50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2 .00 2,.10 2.20 2.30 2 .40 2.50 2.60 2 .70 2.80 2.90 3 .00 3,10 3.20 3 . 30 120 21 99 22 3 19 23 13 10 12 10 2 5 1 4 - 11 10 1 - 20 20 54 52 2 - 4 4 - ~ ” “ 20 9 11 1J 1 10 7 3 4 9 - ~ 6 4 2 2 - 12 6 9 1 3 $ 1 .4 0 M ean3 M edian3 Middle range3 GUARDS AND WATCHMEN -------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 366 182 184 $ 2 .0 3 2 .3 4 1 .7 3 $ 1 .7 6 2 .3 3 1 .4 8 $ $ 1 . 4 7 - 2 .3 9 1 .7 9 - 2 .7 4 1 . 4 4 - 1 .7 0 GUARDS: MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 1 .7 8 - 3 .4 3 S 1.40 $ % 11 11 “ 73 2 .7 6 2 .9 7 WATCHMEN: MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 109 2 .0 6 2 .2 9 1 .8 5 - 2 .3 5 - 19 3 1 4 1 - 10 - 20 50 - 1 JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS -----MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 4 --------------------------- 1 ,3 3 3 48 7 8 46 81 1 .7 7 2 .0 7 1 .6 0 2 .1 5 1 .6 6 2 .1 2 1 .5 3 1 .9 9 1 .4 8 - 2 .1 0 1 . 7 7 - 2 .4 1 1 . 4 5 - 1 .7 0 1 .7 8 - 2 .6 2 37 37 363 15 348 107 42 65 16 40 5 35 6 71 45 26 14 59 40 19 1 126 113 13 4 ” 6 4 2 2 112 108 4 ~ 158 57 101 2 21 13 8 “ 166 19 147 5 ~ 34 26 8 6 JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS (WOMEN) -------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 353 86 267 1 .5 7 1 .7 3 1 .5 1 1 .4 9 1 .6 6 1 .4 7 1 .4 4 1 .5 7 1 .4 3 - 1 .6 7 2 .0 1 1 .6 1 7 7 186 13 173 30 13 17 58 30 28 11 1 10 16 16 16 7 9 11 9 11 11 - LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING -------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 4 ---------------------------- 1 ,2 3 0 630 600 244 2 .1 0 2 .1 2 2 .0 9 2 .5 6 2 .0 4 2 .0 9 1 .9 6 2 .7 2 1 .7 1 - 2 .5 3 1 .7 6 - 2 .5 1 1 . 6 4 - 2 .7 2 2 .2 7 - 2 .7 7 - 148 57 91 109 39 70 135 84 51 65 42 23 85 22 63 73 66 7 52 - 42 12 30 12 ORDER FILLERS ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 4 64 140 324 2 .1 6 2 .6 1 1 .9 6 2 .0 2 2 .7 7 1 .8 5 1 .6 8 - 2 .7 4 2 . 1 3 - 3 .1 4 1 .6 4 - 2 .0 9 - - - - 57 6 51 77 5 72 33 9 24 35 1 34 20 4 16 PACKERS, SHIPPING -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 239 158 2 .1 C 2 .3 6 2 .0 2 2 .5 6 1 .6 6 2 .0 3 - 2 .6 4 2 .6 9 28 5 43 4 20 4 13 13 RECEIVING CLERKS ----------------------- --------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 129 84 45 2 .6 4 2 .9 2 2 .1 2 2 .7 4 3 .1 0 2 .0 3 2 .0 8 2 .6 3 1 .9 5 - 3 .1 4 3 .1 6 2 .1 2 - 3 - SHIPPING CLERKS ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 83 43 2 .3 9 2 .6 5 2 .3 7 2 .7 1 1 .9 9 2 .3 3 - SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS ---------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 50 36 2 .6 2 2 .5 0 2 .7 0 2 .6 4 TRUCKDRIVERS5 --------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 4 --------------------------- 1 ,3 8 6 3 47 1 ,0 3 9 812 2 .3 7 2 .4 6 2 .6 4 TRUCKDRIVERS, LIGHT (UNDER 1 - 1 / 2 TONS) ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 104 25 79 TRUCKDRIVERS, MECIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO AND INCLUDING A TONS) --------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 4 --------------------------- 421 174 247 20 3 See fo o t n o t e s at end o f table, $ 3. 20 3 . 3 0 $ 3.40 $ 3.60 3.40 3.60 3.80 - 7 4 - - - - - “ - 2 .7 2 2 .9 9 _ _ _ “ - - 2 .3 1 2 .3 0 - 2 .9 4 2 .7 6 - _ _ - ~ - 2 .2 4 1 .9 9 2 .2 6 2 .6 3 1 .8 5 1 .8 1 1 .8 6 2 .2 1 - 2 .8 1 2 .4 9 2 .8 8 3 .1 8 8 - 1 .8 5 1 .9 0 1 .8 3 1 .7 9 1 .8 0 1 .7 8 1 .6 9 1 .7 5 1 .6 4 - 2 .4 3 1 .9 9 2 .7 5 2 .9 5 2 .4 2 1 .9 5 2 .8 4 2 .8 7 1 .9 0 1 .6 0 2 .2 9 2 .7 C - _ _ 2 - 5 5 26 26 - ~ “ 1 “ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - “ ~ _ ~ - 2 2 - 5 34 18 16 52 4 48 47 68 56 12 10 44 36 8 8 170 167 3 3 1 1 - 139 139 120 19 10 9 - _ - 56 5 51 26 17 9 11 3 8 7 7 - 1 1 ~ 3 3 - 52 14 38 18 6 12 10 1 9 7 7 10 10 5 1 1 24 24 4 4 42 42 28 28 2 2 3 3 2 2 - - - 5 - - - 16 2 14 16 16 3 3 3 3 “ 1 1 2 2 17 16 l _ 7 7 6 6 “ 7 7 “ 1 1 ” 40 37 3 5 4 1 - - 3 1 1 9 _ 13 4 _ 12 1 9 5 1 1 11 11 _ 7 7 2 2 _ - 1 1 _ 5 6 6 7 - 4 ~ 1 1 1 1 1 5 3 6 6 - 1 1 6 6 11 10 - 6 4 _ 5 1 - 1 - 1 - “ 212 1 211 204 20 18 2 1 19 14 5 2 6 2 4 84 59 25 25 71 3 68 60 124 19 105 105 196 - _ - 1 - - - - 39 14 25 25 1 1 - 73 3 70 70 1 1 - 2 “ “ - _ - 5 4 - 48 36 12 34 9 25 52 45 ” “ “ 13 1 12 6 V. 1 - 1 6 3 1 - 1 12 12 12 3 49 9 40 91 26 259 65 “ ” ~ ~ “ 203 180 1 .9 8 2 .1 3 1 .9 8 8 - 7 12 - 12 29 13 16 12 7 2 .8 7 2 .3 5 3 .1 6 3 .1 9 _ - 62 45 17 12 9 3 14 11 3 18 16 2 . 32 25 _ 26 - 73 49 24 - 1 5 4 _ - - 32 “ _ 8 8 3 9 - - - 2 .0 8 t and under 56 8 - 9 7 29 26 j 30 1 29 24 19 18 1 1 18 14 4 2 5 _ - _ _ - 28 28 28 58 58 - _ 1 1 - - ~ ~ 1 - - - - 39 39 39 - _ - - _ - _ - - - _ _ - - - - _ _ - - ~ ~ _ - _ “ - - 1 1 - - 196 196 - ~ 5 - - - - 5 - - - - 34 34 34 _ _ - - _ - _ 47 - 47 47 _ - 13 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u str y d iv is io n , R ich m o n d , V a ., N o v e m b e r 1967) ■Number o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f— Hourly earnings L $ % U n der l *A0 1 ,5 0 t and 1 • 40 un d er O c c u p a t io n 1 a n d 'in d u s t r y d i v is i o n ______ 1 . 50 TRUCKDRI VERS - 1 ,6 0 1 ,7 0 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1 ,8 0 1 ,9 0 2 ,0 0 2*l° 2 ,2 0 2 ,3 0 2#A0 2 , 5 0 2.40 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2,10 2.23 2.30 - - 9 - 15 15 - 9 6 3 11 10 1 181 - $ $ $ 2 * 6G 2 ,7 0 $ $ t % 2 ,8 0 2 ,9 C 3 ,C 0 3 * 1G 3 *2 r 2.50 2.69 2.70 2.80 2 . 90 1 - - - - 12 12 10 2 1 - - a - - - - - 50 15 35 35 10 12 10 12 34 34 3 .0 0 3 .10 $ 3.2 $ 3.40 3 ,3 0 3 .3 0 3. 40 CONTINUED $ 2 . 63 2.35 2.68 2 .7 1 $ 2.28 2.19 2.29 2.29 $ 2.231.9 92.242.24- $ 2.89 2.80 3 .51 3.52 35 1 .9 3 1. 87 1.89 1.88 1.831.83- 1 . 99 1.96 516 412 104 2.23 2.19 2.38 2.20 2.01- 2.16 2.27 1.882.17- 2.44 2.40 2.47 TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY (UVER 4 TONS, TRAILER TYPE) ----------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 1 2 3 4 -5------------------ -TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, OTHER THAN TR AILE R TYPE) ----------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------TRUCKERS, POWER ( F C R K L I F T ) MANUFACTURING -------------NONMANUFACTURING --------- 1 2 3 4 5 $ % 39 - - 4 4 - - 10 10 D ata lim it e d to m en w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e re o th e r w is e in d ica te d , E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m pa y f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and la te F o r d e fin it io n o f t e r m s , se e fo o tn o te 2, ta ble A - l . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th er p u b lic u t ilit ie s . I n c lu d e s a ll d r i v e r s , a s d e fin e d , r e g a r d le s s o f s iz e and type o f tru c k o p e r a te d . 2 7 76 76 18 8 - 4 18 8 - 4 16 14 83 11 12 2 53 53 5 sh ifts . 57 26 - 181 180 94 94 94 5 1 29 4 25 80 46 78 22 2 24 32 25 7 4 4 1 - - - 6 3.60 14 B. Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Minimum Entrance Salaries for Women Office Workers ( D i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s s t u d ie d in a l l i n d u s t r ie s an d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y m in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r y f o r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , R i c h m o n d , V a . , N o v e m b e r 1967) In e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts M a n u fa c t u r in g M in im u m w e e k ly s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r y 1 O th e r i n e x p e r i e n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s 2 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g M a n u fa c t u r in g B a s e d o n s t a n d a r d w e e k l y h o u r s 3 o f— A ll i n d u s t r ie s A ll s c h e d u le s 40 A ll s c h e d u le s 37 y2 40 N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g B a s e d on sta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f- A ll i n d u s t r ie s A ll s c h e d u le s 40 A ll s c h e d u le s 3 7 x/ 2 40 138 51 XXX 87 XXX XXX 138 51 XXX 87 XXX XXX 35 10 4 25 9 12 41 12 6 29 10 14 u n d e r $ 5 2 . 5 0 _____________ ______________________ u n d e r $ 5 5 . 0 0 ________________________ _____ ___ u n d e r $ 5 7 . 5 0 ____________________ _________ ___ u n d e r $ 6 0 . 0 0 _____________________________________ u n d e r $ 6 2 . 5 0 _____________________________________ u n d e r $ 6 5 . 0 0 ________________ ________________ u n d e r $ 6 7 . 5 0 _____________________________________ u n d e r $ 7 0 . 0 0 ________________________ _____ ___ u n d e r $ 7 2 . 5 0 _____________________________________ u n d e r $ 7 5. 0 0 _____________________________________ u n d e r $ 7 7 . 5 0 .................................................................. o v e r __________________ _______________ ______ — 1 1 2 8 7 8 2 2 2 2 _ 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 2 2 3 - 1 1 2 5 11 6 9 2 2 2 _ 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 - 1 1 2 3 9 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 - " 1 1 2 7 6 5 1 1 1 _ 2 1 _ 1 2 2 4 2 1 1 1 E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g n o s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m _______________ 36 14 XXX 22 XXX XXX 52 19 XXX 33 XXX XXX E s t a b li s h m e n t s w h ic h d id n o t e m p l o y w o r k e r s in th is c a t e g o r y _______________________________________________ ____ 67 27 XXX 40 XXX XXX 45 20 XXX 25 XXX XXX E s t a b li s h m e n t s s t u d ie d _________________________________ E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m _________________ $ 5 0 . 00 $ 5 2 . 50 $ 5 5. 00 $ 5 7 .5 0 $ 6 0 .0 0 $ 6 2 . 50 $ 6 5 .0 0 $ 6 7 . 50 $ 7 0 .0 0 $ 7 2 . 50 $ 7 5 . 00 $ 7 7 . 50 and and an d and an d and and and and an d and and - A 2 1 1 1 T h e s e s a l a r i e s r e l a t e to f o r m a l l y e s t a b l is h e d m in im u m s t a r t in g (h ir in g ) r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s th a t a r e p a id f o r E x c l u d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s s u c h a s m e s s e n g e r o r o f f i c e g i r l . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k s c o m b i n e d , an d f o r the m o s t c o m m o n s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d . sta n d a rd w o r k w e e k s . - 15 Table B-2. Shift Differentials (S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t w o r k e r s b y t y p e a n d a m o u n t o f d i f f e r e n t i a l , R ich m o n d , V a. N o v e m b e r 1967) P e r c e n t o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t w o r k e r s — In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 fo r — S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l S e c o n d s h i ft w ork T h ir d o r o t h e r s h ift w o r k A c t u a l l y w o r k in g o n — ' S e c o n d s h ift T h ir d o r o t h e r s h ift __ 7 7 .8 6 1 .4 1 5 .1 6 .5 W it h s h i f t p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l ___________________________ 7 6 .3 5 9 .8 1 4 .8 6 .1 U n i f o r m c e n t s ( p e r h o u r ) ________________________ 3 5 .8 2 7 .9 7 .4 3 .6 5 c e n t s _________ ___ _____ ___ ____ _______ 6 c e n t s ___________________________________________ 8 cen ts 9 c e n t s ___________________________________________ 10 c e n t s ____________________ ______________________ 12 c e n t s . _____ __________________________________ 1 4 % c e n t s ___ _______________________________ 1 5 c e n t s ___ ___ ___ _____ ____ _____ ________ _ 1 6 % c e n t s ______ _______________________________ 20 c e n t s __________________________________________ 2 5 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------------------------- 9 .8 4 .2 1 0 .1 6 .1 1 .2 1 .8 2 .6 2 .9 2. 3 .9 4 .3 1 0 .6 3 .2 1 .2 2 .6 2 .4 .7 2 .6 .8 .4 .1 .4 .3 .4 .1 .5 2 .0 .1 .1 - T o t a l ___________________________________________ - - - ___________________ 3 8 .9 3 1 .9 7 .4 2 .6 5 p e r c e n t ------------------------------------------------------------8 p e r c e n t ________________________________________ 1 0 p e r c e n t _______________________________________ 1 5 p e r c e n t _______________________________________ 2 .3 1 8 .2 1 8 .4 2 .3 2 7 .9 1 .7 4 .3 3 .0 2 .6 - - O t h e r f o r m a l p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l ___________________ 1 .5 - 1 .5 1.5 U n i f o r m p e r c e n t a g e _________ W it h n o s h i f t p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l _________________ ___ - 1 I n c l u d e s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e e v e n t h o u g h t h e y w e r e n o t c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e s h i f t s . s h ifts , .1 _ - - .o . ‘t a n d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g la t e s h ifts 16 Table B-3. Scheduled Weekly Hours ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y s c h e d u le d w e e k l y h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , R i c h m o n d , V a . , N o v e m b e r 1967) P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s W e e k ly h o u r s A ll in d u s t r ie s 1 2 M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 3 A ll i n d u s t r ie s 4 A l l w o r k e r s ______________________________________ 100 100 100 U n d e r 35 h o u r s _______________________________________ 35 h o u r s ...... ..................... ................... ............ ........................... 36 h o u r s ......................... ........................ ................................ — 36V4 h o u r s _____________ _______ _____ ________ _________ 37 V2 h o u r s ____ ______ _________ _______ ________________ O v e r 3 7 V2 a n d u n d e r 40 h o u r s ____________________ 40 h o u r s ...... ................................................ .................- ........ . O v e r 4 0 a n d u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s ........................... ........ ....... 4 4 h o u r s _______________________________________________ 45 h o u r s ____________________________ _____ - .......... - .......... O v e r 45 a n d u n d e r 4 8 h o u r s . --------- --------------- -------4 8 h o u r s __________________________ _________ __________ _ O v e r 4 8 h o u r s ............. .................... ............ ............................ 2 12 64 3 2 5 1 10 2 - - (5) 6 1 1 - - - 82 5 14 - 11 29 11 43 11 70 2 4 11 1 100 M a n u fa c t u r in g (5) (5) (5 ) P u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 3 100 3 21 29 46 - 42 1 57 - - - - - 1 S c h e d u le d h o u r s a r e th e w e e k l y h o u r s w h ic h a m a j o r i t y o f the f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s w e r e e x p e c t e d to w o r k , w h e t h e r th e y w e r e p a id f o r a t s t r a i g h t - t i m e o r o v e r t i m e r a t e s . 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , an d s e r v i c e s , in a d d i t io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 3 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . 4 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; fi n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d it io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 5 L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . 100 17 Table B-4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a id h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly , R ic h m o n d , V a . , N o v e m b e r 196 7) O ffic e w o r k e r s P la n t w o r k e r s Item A l l in d u s t r ie s 1 A l l w o r k e r s ________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g p a id h o l i d a y s ________________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v i d i n g n o p a id h o l id a y s l ______ ____ - ------- ------------------------------ M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 1 2 A ll in d u s t r ie s 3 M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b lic u t il it i e s 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 92 96 100 99 100 100 8 4 - (4 ) - - 5 5 27 2 2 16 1 50 2 31 22 (4 ) 1 44 1 (4 ) 1 24 3 - - 9 10 45 - - - 9 - 16 - - - (4 ) 13 1 29 1 8 1 (4 ) 20 - . . 16 16 26 26 77 77 92 94 94 96 96 N u m ber of days L e s s th a n 5 h o l i d a y s ........... ......... ............. ........................ 5 h o l i d a y s --------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------6 h o l i d a y s ________________________________________________ 6 h o l i d a y s p l u s 1 h a lf day___............................................. 6 h o l i d a y s p l u s 2 h a l f d a y s ................................................ 7 h o l i d a y s ------ ------------------- -----------------------------------------7 h o l i d a y s p l u s 1 h a l f d a y ____________________________ 8 h o l i d a y s _______________________________________________ 8 h o l i d a y s p l u s 1 h a lf d a y _ __________ _________________ 9 h o l i d a y s . _____ ___________________________________ _____ 10 h o l i d a y s _______________________________________________ n (4 ) 36 _ - 38 1 2 3 4 5 no half 9 9 19 19 55 55 82 88 90 91 92 . - 45 45 67 67 98 100 100 100 100 1 9 10 40 40 53 55 98 98 98 99 99 8 _ . 18 _ 14 74 _ _ - - _ T o t a l h o l id a y t i m e 5 10 d a y s _________ _____ ____________________________________ 9 d a y s o r m o r e _________________________________ _______ 8V2 d a y s o r m o r e ______________________________________ 8 d a y s o r m o r e _________________________________________ 7 V2 d a y s o r m o r e _______________________________ ______ 7 d a y s o r m o r e ________________________________ ______ 6 V2 d a y s o r m o r e ______________________________________ 6 d a y s o r m o r e ___________________________________ _____ 5 d a y s o r m o r e ______________________________ __________ 4 d a y s o r m o r e _______________________________ _________ 3 d a y s o r m o r e _________________________________________ 1 d a y o r m o r e ______________________________________ ____ _ _ _ 14 14 52 52 72 75 99 99 99 100 100 _ _ _ 74 74 92 92 100 100 100 100 100 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those, industry divisions shown, separately. Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. L e ss than 0. 5 percent. A ll combinations of full and half days that add to the same amount are combined; for example, the proportion of workers receiving a total of 9 days includes those with 9 full days and days, 8 full days and 2 half days, 7 full days and 4 half days, and so on. Proportions then were cumulated. 18, Table B-5. Paid Vacations1 ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r ie s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , R i c h m o n d , V a . , N o v e m b e r 1967) O ffic e w o r k e r s P la n t w o r k e r s V a c a tio n p o lic y A l l w o r k e r s _________________ ___________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 3 100 100 100 100 99 1 - 100 99 (5) - 100 99 1 - 100 100 - 14 5 4 45 13 4 6 67 2 8 _ 2 18 80 20 - A ll in d u s t r ie s 2 M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 3 100 100 100 99 92 3 4 100 91 6 3 10 22 1 3 13 26 1 53 41 40 54 (5 ) 1 (5) 2 1 31 4 59 (5 ) 3 _ 24 7 63 1 13 81 A ll in d u s t r ie s 4 M eth od o f p a y m e n t W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a id v a c a t i o n s ____________ ___________ _________ L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t _____________________ _ P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t _______ __________ _______ O t h e r ------------------------------- ------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a id v a c a t i o n s ____ ________________________ 1 A m o u n t o f v a c a tio n pay 6 A fte r 6 m o n th s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k __________________________________________ 1 w e e k _________________________________________ — ----O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ______ _______ _______ 2 w e e k s ________________________________________________ (5 ) 5 - A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k __________________________________________ 1 w e e k ________________ ________________________________ 2 w e e k s ________________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ____________ ___________ 3 w e e k s ________________________________________________ 95 5 - - _ 29 68 4 19 81 - - 44 5 50 - 6 6 84 4 - - _ 13 79 (5) 24 76 - 2 88 4 4 69 8 - 7 27 - 13 78 1 - - 19 81 - 2 88 4 4 68 1 2 98 - 8 - 7 27 - A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k __________________________________________ 1 w e e k __________________________________________________ O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s _________________________ 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _________________________ 3 w e e k s ------------------------------------------------------------------------- (5 ) 6 _ _ (5) - _ 5 1 93 (5) - _ - 2 33 64 - A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------1 w e e k ______________________________________________ — 2 w e e k s ________________________________________________ O v e r 2 and u n d e r 3 w e e k s _________________________ 3 w e e k s --------------------------- ------------------------------------------- (5 ) 4 (5) _ 2 98 - A fte r 4 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k __________________________________________ 1 w e e k ___________________________________________________ 2 w e e k s ________________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s _________________________ 3 w e e k s . ___________________________________ ___________ (5 ) 11 82 1 4 A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e U n d e r 1 w e e k __________________________________________ 1 w e e k ________________________ _____ ____ __ __ ___ __ 2 w e e k s ________________________________________________ O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________ _____________ 3 w eeks O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _____________________ __ S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b le . (5) 5 75 2 17 (5) 5 68 2 25 (5) - - - 1 100 73 4 51 1 44 (5) - 12 13 (5) - 100 - - 19 Table b-5. Paid Vacations1-----Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r ib u t io n o f p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , R i c h m o n d , V a . ,. N o v e m b e r 1967) O ffic e w o r k e r s P la n t w o r k e r s V a c a t io n p o lic y A ll in d u s t r ie s 2 M a n u fa c t u r in g M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 3 A ll i n d u s t r i e s 4 _ _ _ 30 70 - _ 1 32 6 45 5 11 _ 4 26 33 _ 1 31 7 46 5 11 _ 4 23 36 _ 1 15 2 64 5 12 1 _ 4 16 41 _ 1 14 37 4 33 3 8 1 _ 4 14 24 _ 1 14 22 P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 3 A m o u n t o f v a c a t i o n p a y 6---- C o n t in u e d A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k __________________________________________ 1 w e e k ____________________ ______________ ____________ __ _______ 2 w e e k s _________________________________ O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________________________ 3 w eeks _ ____________ _________________________ O v e r 3 an d u n d e r 4 w e e k s __________________________ 4 w e e k s _______________________________________________ (5 ) 5 32 53 5 25 54 (5 ) 9 (* ) 15 (5 ) 5 29 _ 56 5 22 57 (5 ) 9 (5 ) 15 (5 ) 5 23 60 1 10 5 17 61 2 15 _ 17 77 6 - " - (5 ) 5 22 30 1 32 9 (5 ) _ 5 15 38 2 24 15 - _ 17 8 74 - - - _ _ 17 1 81 _ - - (5 ) 36 5 95 ■ A f t e r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k _____________ ___ _______________ 1 w e e k ________ ___________ ___________________________ 2 w e e k s _ _______________ _____________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s __________________________ 3 w e e k s _ ______________________________________________ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s __________________________ 4 w e e k s ________________ ____ ______________________ _ _ 17 83 - (5 ) 36 . 5 95 - A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k _______________________________ _________ 1 w e e k ____________________________ _______________________ 2 w e e k s _________________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ------- ----------------------------3 w e e k s ___________________________ ____________________ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _ ___ _________________ 4 w e e k s _________________________________________________ O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s __________________________ _ (5 ) 39 5 95 - A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k __________________________________________ 1 w p.ek __ _ __ ___ ___ _____ 2 w eeks _ _____ ________ _ _____________________ 3 w e e k s __________________________ _____ _______ O v e r 3 an d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _ ___ __ ---- ------4 w e e k s ____ _________ _____ ___________________ O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s _ _________ _______ __ 5 w e e k s -----------------------------------------__ ___ ___ O v e r 5 a n d u n d e r 6 w e e k s ______ ___ ___________ (5) 21 11 26 _ 5 3 92 - - - _ 4 14 17 _ 5 1 94 - A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r 1 w e e k j________ _ _ ___ 1 w e e k _________________________________________________ 2 w e e k s ________ ______________________________________ 3 w e e k s ___ _______ _ _____ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s __________________________ 4 w e e k s ___________________ _ _ __________ _____ O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s _ _______________________ 5 w e e k s _______________ __ _______ __ __ _____ ___ ___ __ O v e r 6 w e e k s _________ __ ___ ___ __ ___________ S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b l e . (5) 5 22 19 5 15 20 (5) (5) 44 9 44 15 - (5) (5) (5) 46 7 8 27 11 27 1 20 Table B-5. Paid V acation s1----- Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r ie s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , R i c h m o n d , V a . , N o v e m b e r 1967) O ffic e w o r k e r s P la n t w o r k e r s V a c a t io n p o l i c y A ll in d u s t r ie s 1 2 M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 3 A ll i n d u s t r i e s 4 M a n u fa c t u r in g _ _ 17 1 81 - _ 1 14 22 _ 4 14 17 (5) 44 6 11 1 (5) 26 11 28 _ 5 1 94 - - " _ _ - P u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 3 A m o u n t o f v a c a t i o n p a y 6— C o n t in u e d A f t e r 30 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e U n d e r l! w e e k __________________________________________ 1 w e e k _ ____________________ ___ ___ — — — 2 w e e k s _ -------- -------------------- -------- ----------------------3 w e e k s __________ ________________________________ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _ ___________ __ — 4 w e e k s ------------- ----------- ------------------------------------------O v e r 4 an d u n d e r 5 w ^ e k s _________________________ 5 w e e k s ______________ _____________ ______ ______ O v e r 6 w e e k s _________ _______ _________ ___ ___ (5 ) 5 22 19 (5 ) 41 9 3 " 5 15 20 (5) 44 15 " - M a x im u m v a c a t i o n a v a il a b l e U n d e r 1 w e e k . _ ----__ ----------------------------1 w e e k _______________________________________________—— 2 w e e k s ___________ _ — -------- ----- - ------- ----3 w e e k s ______ ___ _________________ — _____ — O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s _________________________ 4 w e e k s ______________ — ----- ---------------------------------O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s ______ __ __ — — _ ----5 w e e k s ------------------ -------------- ----------------O v e r 6 w e e k s ----------------- -------------------- — — (5 ) _ 5 5 22 15 19 20 (5 ) (5) 44 41 9 3 15 - _ 17 1 81 - _ 1 14 22 (5) 44 6 10 4 14 17 (5 ) 26 11 28 5 1 94 - 2 1 Includes basic plans only. Excludes plans such as vacation-savings and those plans which offer "extended" or "sabbatical" benefits beyond basic plans to w orkers with qualifying lengths of service. Typical of such exclusions are plans in the Steel, aluminum, and can industries. 2 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and se rv ic e s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and se rv ic e s, in addition to those industry divisions, s hown separately. 5 L e ss than 0. 5 percent. 6 Includes payments other than "length of t i m e ," such as percentage of annual earnings or flat-su m paym ents, converted to an equivalent time b a sis; for exam ple, a payment of 2 percent of annual earnings was considered as 1 w eek's pay. Periods of service were chosen arbitrarily and do not necessarily reflect the individual provisions for progression. For exam ple, the changes in proportions indicated at 10 y e a rs' service include changes in provisions occurring between 5 and 10 years. Estim ates are cumulative. Thus, the proportion eligible for 3 w eek s' pay or m ore after 10 years includes those eligible for 3 w eek s' pay or m ore after fewer years of service. 21 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans (Percent of plant and office w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, 1 Richmond, Va. , November 1967) Plant workers Office workers Type of benefit Manufacturing Public utilities3 100 100 100 95 98 98 98 38 62 61 32 48 87 66 77 82 82 62 74 25 40 71 7 22 19 14 51 60 36 12 27 9 1 41 90 90 67 31 73 2 95 95 93 86 78 5 91 91 86 83 79 1 94 94 88 68 81 1 99 99 99 96 65 1 All industries 1 2 Manufacturing _ 100 100 100 Life insurance™ __ ------- ------------------ ----- _ Accidental death and dism em berm ent insurance_______ — _________________________ Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both5________ _______ _______ 92 97 48 80 Sickness and accident insurance ____ __ Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period)_______________ ____ ____ Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)-------- ---------- --------- _ 12 ________ _ __ __ Hospitalization insurance Surgical insurance_________ _ __ __ __ _ M edical in su ran ce. __ __ _ _ _____ ________________ Catastrophe insurance Retirem ent pension_____________________________ No health, insurance, or pension plan 85 85 67 45 64 4 A ll w ork ers- _ __ ______________ All industries4 Public utilities3 W orkers in establishm ents providing; 1 Includes those plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the em ployer, except those legally required, such as w orkm en's compensation, social security, and railroad retirem ent. 2 Includes data for w holesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and se rv ic e s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, communication,! and other public utilities. 4 Includes data for Kvholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and se rv ic e s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 Unduplicated total! of w orkers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are limited to thqse which definitely establish at least the minimum number of da ys' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded^ 22 Table B-7. Premium Pay for Overtime Work ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y o v e r t i m e p r e m i u m p a y provisions, Richmond, V a ., November 1967) P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s P r e m iu m pa y p o lic y A l l in d u s t r i e s 1 A l l w o r k e r s _______________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 1 2 A ll i n d u s t r i e s 3 100 100 61 81 76 61 81 76 8 53 1 14 67 4 4 20 - 76 - 39 19 24 100 M a n u fa c t u r in g P u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 2 100 100 28 44 34 28 44 34 34 - 5 39 - 72 56 66 100 D a i ly o v e r t i m e a t p r e m i u m r a t e s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g p r o v is io n s f o r d a ily o v e r t im e p a y 4 a t p r e m i u m r a t e s ___________________________________ T im e a n d o n e - h a l f __ _________________________ E ffe c tiv e a fte r ; U n d e r 7 l/2 h o u r s ___________________________ 7 V2 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------8 h o u r s ____________________________________ _ 8V2 h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g n o p r o v is io n s f o r d a ily o v e r t im e p a y a t p r e m i u m r a t e s 5 _________________ ______________ - W e e k ly o v e r t im e at p r e m iu m r a te s W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g p r o v is io n s fo r w e e k ly o v e r t im e p a y 4 at p r e m i u m r a t e s ___________________________________ T im e a n d o n e - h a l f ________________________________ E ffe c tiv e a fte r ; 35 h o u r s _____________________________________ 3 6 V4 h o u r s __________________________________ 3 7 V2 h o u r s __________________________________ 3 8 3/ 4 h o u r s __________________________________ 4 0 h o u r s _____________________________________ O v e r 4 0 a n d u n d e r 4 8 h o u r s _____________ 4 8 h o u r s _______________________ ___________ D o u b le t i m e ______________________ _____ ________ E ffe c tiv e a fte r ; 3 7 V2 h o u r s __________________________________ W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g n o p r o v is io n s fo r w e e k ly o v e r tim e pay a t p r e m i u m r a t e s 5 ____ :____________________ 1 In clu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a le 94 100 99 99 100 100 94 100 99 99 99 100 8 83 2 2 14 86 - _ _ 94 5 - 4 2 7 _ 8 _ _ ( 6) 86 (6 ) 91 - 99 1 - - - _ - ( 6) ( 6) 1 _ _ - ( 6) ____ tra d e, r e t a il tra d e , re a l esta te, and s e r v ic e s , in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 3 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service s, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 4 Includes workers in establishments covered by legislative requirements regarding premium pay for overtim e, even though such w orkers actually do not work overtim e. Graduated provisions for premium pay are classified under the first effective premium rate. For example, a plan calling for time and one-half after 8 and double time after 10 hours would be considered as time and one-half after 8 hours. Sim ilarly, a plan calling for no pay or pay at a regular rate after 35 hours and time and one-half after 40 hours would be considered as time and one-half after 40 hours. 5 Includes workers in establishments exempt from legislative requirements regarding premium pay for overtime and where, as a matter of policy, overtim e is not worked. 6 L ess than 0.5 percent. Appendix. Occupational D escriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureau*s wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude working supervisors; apprentices; learners; beginners; trainees; and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE— Continued BILLER, MACHINE columns and computes, and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are clas sified by type of machine, as follows: BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a type writer keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Biller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of pre determined discounts and shipping charges, and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles, and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, cus tomers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine). Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, etc. , which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves Hie simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger record. The m a chine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical Note: Since the last survey in this area, the Bureau has discontinued collecting data for duplicatingmachine operators and elevator operators. 23 24 CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A . Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment's busi ness transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; and may direct class B accounting cleiks. Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting work is subdivided on a functional basis among several workers. CLERK, FILE Class A . In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. Class B. Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer sub headings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers' orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Class C. Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classi fication system (e. g. , alphabetical, chronological, or numerical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Performs simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. Class A . Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application 25 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR— Continued of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B. Under close supervision or following specific procedures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc. , are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing m ail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Assigned as personal secretary, normally to one individual. Main tains a close and highly responsive relationship to the day-to-day work activities of the supervisor. Works fairly independently receiving a mini mum of detailed supervision and guidance. Performs varied clerical and secretarial duties, usually including most of the following: (a) Receives telephone calls, personal callers, and incoming mail, answers routine inquiries, and routes the technical inquiries to the proper persons; (b) establishes, maintains, and revises the supervisor's files; (c) maintains the supervisor's calendar and makes appointments as instructed; (d) relays messages from supervisor to subordinates; (e) reviews correspondence, m em oranda, and reports prepared by others for the supervisor's signature to assure procedural and typographic accuracy; and (f) performs stenographic and typing work. May also perform other clerical and secretarial tasks of com parable nature and difficulty. The work typically requires knowledge of office routine and understanding of the organization, programs, and pro cedures related to the work of the supervisor. SECRETA RY— Conti nue d Exclusions Not all positions that are titled "secretary" possess the above characteristics. Examples of positions which are excluded from the def inition are as follows: (a) Positions which do not meet the "personal" secretary concept described above; (b) stenographers not fully trained in secretarial type duties; (c) stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of professional, technical, or managerial persons; (d) secretary posi tions in which the duties are either substantially more routine or substan tially more complex and responsible than those characterized in the def inition; and (e) assistant type positions which involve more difficult or more responsible technical, administrative, supervisory, or specialized clerical duties which are not typical of secretarial work. NOTE: The term "corporate officer," used in the level definitions following, refers to those officials who have a significant corporate-wide policymaking role with regard to major company activities. The title "v ic e president," though normally indicative of this role, does notin all cases identify such positions. Vice presidents whose primary responsibility is to act personally on individual cases or transactions (e. g. , approve or deny individual loan or credit actions; administer individual trust accounts; directly supervise a clerical staff) are not considered to be "corporate officers" for purposes of applying the following level definitions. Class A a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5 ,0 0 0 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 5, 000 but fewer than 2 5 ,0 0 0 persons; or c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the corporate officer level) of a major segment or subsidiary of a company that employs, in all, over 25, 000 persons. Class B a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in all, fewer than 100 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than chairman of the hoard or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5 ,0 0 0 persons; or 26 SECRETA RY— Continued STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL— Continued c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the officer level) over either a major corporate - wi de functional activity ( e .g . , marketing, research, operations, industrial relations, e t c .) or a major geographic or organizational segment (e. g. , a regional headquarters; a major division) of a company that employs, in all, over 5 ,0 0 0 but fewer than 2 5 ,0 0 0 employees; or May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively rou tine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator. ) d. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, over 5 ,0 0 0 persons; or STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific re search from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR e. Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater inde segment (e. g. , a middle management supervisor of an organizational seg pendence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evidenced ment often involving as many as several hundred persons) of a company by the following: Work requires high degree of stenographic speed and that employs, in all, over 2 5 ,0 0 0 persons. accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general business and Class C office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in per a. Secretary to an executive or managerial person whose respon forming stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, main sibility is not equivalent to one of the specific level situations in the def taining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, inition for class B, but whose subordinate staff normally numbers at least letters, e t c .; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading several dozen employees and is usually divided into organizational segments and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level not include transcribing-machine work. includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or two; or SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR b. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, fewer than 5 ,0 0 0 persons. Class D a. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a small organizational unit (e .g . , fewer than about 25 or 30 persons); or b. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, professional employee, administrative officer, or assistant, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE: Many companies assign stenographers, rather than secretaries as described above, to this level of supervisory or nonsupervisory worker.) STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vo cabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from writ ten copy. Class A . Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. Per forms full telephone information service or handles complex calls, such as conference, collect, overseas, or similar calls, either in addition to doing routine woik as described for switchboard operator, class B, or as a full time assignment. (’’Full" telephone information service occurs when the establishment has varied functions that are not readily understandable for telephone information purposes, e .g ., because of overlapping or interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent problems as to which exten sions are appropriate for calls. ) Class B. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. May handle routine long distance calls and record tolls. May perform lim ited telephone information service. ( ’’Limited" telephone information service occurs if the functions of the establishment serviced are readily understand able for telephone information purposes, or if the requests are routine, e . g . , giving extension numbers when specific names are furnished, or if complex calls are referred to another operator.) 27 SWITCHBOARD OPERA TOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator on a single-position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical woik as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker* s time while at switchboard. TABULA TING-MACHINE OPERATOR— Continued some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a woik unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or repetitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A . Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical account ing machines, typically including such machines as the tabulator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs complete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assign ments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulatingmachine operators. Class B. Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wiring from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabulations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the pro cedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C. Operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc. , with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical woik. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenog rapher, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical woik involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and dis tributing incoming mail. Class A . Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctu ation, etc. , of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B. Performs one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, e t c .; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already setup and spaced properly. 28 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL DRAFTSMAN— Continue d DRAFTSMAN Class A . Plans the graphic presentation of complex items having distinctive design features that differ significantly from established drafting precedents. Works in close support with the design originator, and may recommend minor design changes. Analyzes the effect of each change on the details of form, function, and positional relation ships of components and parts. Works with a minimum of supervisory assistance. Completed work is reviewed by design originator for con sistency with prior engineering determinations. May either prepare drawings, or direct their preparation by lower level draftsmen. Class B. Performs nonroutine and complex drafting assignments that require the application of most of the standardized drawing tech niques regularly used. Duties typically involve such woik as: Prepares working drawings of subassemblies with irregular shapes, multiple functions, and precise positional relationships between components; prepares architectural drawings for construction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, wall sections, floor plans, and roof. Uses accepted formulas and manuals in making necessary computations to determine quantities of materials to be used, load capacities, strengths, stresses, etc. Receives initial instructions, requirements, and advice from supervisor. Completed work is checked for technical adequacy. Class C. Prepares detail drawings of single units or parts for engineering, construction, manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include isometric projections (depicting three dimensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to clarify positioning of components and convey needed information. Consolidates details from a number of sources and adjusts or transposes scale as required. MAINTENANCE Suggested methods of approach, applicable precedents, and advice on source materials are given with initial assignments. Instructions are less complete when assignments recur. Woik may be spot-checked during progress. DRAFTSMAN-TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not include tracing limited to plans primarily consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring close delineation.) and/or Prepares simple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized items. is closely supervised during progress. Woik NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medi cal direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant en vironment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE— Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Woik involves most o f the following: Plan ning and laying out of woik from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of woik; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the woik of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal ap prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 29 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES— Continued Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the in stallation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, con trollers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-tim e basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Woik involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and oper ation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are ex cluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and speci fications; planning and laying out of woik; using a variety of machinist's handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment re quired for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's woik normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal ap prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 30 MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) OILER Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the pro duction of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculi arities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 31 SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE TOOL AND DIE MAKER-— Continued Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establish ment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; volves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equip ment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qual ities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to pre scribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. gage maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Woik in- CUSTODIAL AND For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. MATERIAL MOVEMENT GUARD AND WATCHMAN JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Guard. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Watchman. Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper, warehouseman or warehouse helper) JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commerical or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and trans porting materials or merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. 32 ORDER, FILLER SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: (Order picker, stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers' orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and in dicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requi sition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of con tainer employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKD RIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of es tablishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1V 2 tons) Truckdriver, medium ( 1V2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) Area Wage Surveys A list of the latest available bulletins is presented below. A directory indicating dates of earlier studies, and the prices of the bulletins is available on request. Bulletins may be purchased from the Superintendent of Docum ents, U .S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington, D .C ., 20402, or from any of the BLS regional sales offices shown on the inside front cover. A rea Bulletin number and price 1530 -7 6, 1530 -4 2, 1530 -7 2, 1530 -5 5, 1530 -4 1, 15 30-51, 15 30 -8 3, 30cents 30 cents 20 cents 25cents 25 cents 30 cents 40 cents 1530 -8 2, 157 5 -4 , 25cents 20cents 30 cents 25 cents 20 cents 20 cents 20 cents 25 cents 30 cents 25 cents 25 cents 30 cents 30 cents Omaha, N eb r.-Iow a, Oct. 1966----------------------------------------Pater son—Clifton—P a s s a ic , N .J ., May 1967 _____________ Philadelphia, P a .-N .J ., Nov. 1966 1______________________ Phoenix, A r iz ., M ar. 1967 _______________________________ Pittsburgh, P a ., Jan. 1967 1_______________________________ Portland, Maine, Nov. 1966----------------------------------------------Portland, Or eg.—W a sh ., May 1967 _______________________ Providence—Pawtucket—W arwick, R .I.—M a s s ., May 1967 1 _________________________________________________ Raleigh, N .C ., Aug. 1967 1 _______________________________ Richmond, V a ., Nov. 1966________________________________ Rockford, 111., May 1967 __________________________________ 15 30 -1 8, 1 5 3 0 -6 7 , 15 30 -3 5, 15 30-59, 1530 -4 6, 1 5 30 -1 7, 1530 -7 9, 25cents 25cents 35cents 20cents 30cents 20cents 25cents 1530 -7 0, 15 75 -6 , 1 5 3 0 -2 3 , 15 30 -6 8, 30cents 25cents 25cents 20cents 1575- 12, 15 30 -4 5, 15 30 -3 2, 1530 -4 4, 1530 -4 8, 15 30 -2 8, 15 75 -5 , 1530 -6 6, 1530 -8 5, 15 30 -3 7, 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents 30 cents 30 cents 20 cents 25 cents 25 cents 25 cents St. Louis, M o.—111., Oct. 1966 1___________________________ Salt Lake City, Utah, D ec. 1966 1________________________ San Antonio, T ex ., June 1967 1 ___________________________ San Bernardino—River side—Ontario, C a lif., Aug. 1967 1 ________________________________________________ San D iego, C a lif., Nov. 1966 1____________________________ San F ran cisco—Oakland, C a lif., Jan. 1967 1_____________ San Jose, C a lif., Sept. 1967 1-------------------------------------------Savannah, G a ., May 1967 _________________________________ Scranton, P a ., July 1967 1 --------------------------------------------- — Seattle—Everett, W ash ., O ct. 1966________________________ 1 5 3 0 -2 7 , 1 5 3 0 -3 3 , 15 30 -8 4, 30cents 25cents 25cents 15 75 -1 0, 15 30 -2 4, 15 30 -3 6, 15 7 5 -1 5 , 15 30 -6 9, 1 5 7 5 -9 , 15 3 0 -2 2 , 30cents 25cents 30cents 25cents 20cents 25 cents 25 cents 1530 -4 3, 1530 -3 9, 1 5 30 -2 6, 1530 -7 7, 157 5 -2 , 20 25 25 20 25 cents cents cents cents cents 15 30 -6 5, 1530 -4 9, 15 30 -7 5, 1 5 7 5 -1 , 15 30-40, 15 30 -3 1, 1530 -7 8, 30 30 20 20 25 25 20 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents Sioux F a lls, S. D ak., Oct. 1966___________________________ South Bend, Ind., M ar. 1967 ______________________________ Spokane, W ash ., June 1967 1 ______________________________ Tampa—St. P etersburg, F l a ., Aug. 1 9 6 7 _______________ Toledo, Ohio—M ich., Feb. 1967 1_________________________ Trenton, N .J ., D ec. 1966 1________ ________________________ Washington, D .C .—Md.—V a ., Sept. 1 9 6 7 _________________ W aterbury, Conn., M ar. 1 9 6 7 ------------------------------------------W aterloo, Iowa, Nov. 1966 1_______________________________ W ichita, K a n s., Oct. 1966 1_____________ __________________ W o rce ste r, M a s s ., June 1 9 6 7 ____________________________ York, P a ., Feb. 1 9 67---------------------------------------------------------Youngstown—W arren, Ohio, Nov. 1966___________________ 1 5 30 -1 2, 1530 -5 7, 1530 -8 0, 15 75 -8 , 1530 -5 0, 15 30 -3 4, 15 7 5 -1 1 , 1530 -5 4, 15 30 -2 1, 15 3 0 -1 1 , 1 5 30 -8 1, 1 5 30 -4 7, 1 5 3 0 -2 9 , 20cents 20cents 25cents 25 cents 30cents 25cents 25cents 20cents 25 cents 25cents 25cents 25cents 25cents 1530 -8 6, 15 30 -6 2, 1530 -6 0, 25 cents 25 cents 20 cents 15 30-53, 15 30-71, 15 30 -3 0, 1530-74, 1530 -6 3, 1575 -3 , 15 75 -1 3, 25 cents 25 cents 30 cents 20 cents 30 cents 20 cents 30 cents Buffalo, N .Y ., D ec. 1966 1________________________________ Burlington, V t ., M ar. 1967 1 ____________________________ Canton, Ohio, Apr. 1967 _________________________________ Charleston, W. V a ., Apr. 1967 --------------------------------------Charlotte, N .C ., A p r. 1967 ______________________________ Chattanooga, T e n n .-G a ., Aug. 1967 -----------------------------Chicago, 111., Apr. 1967 1 ________________________________ Cincinnati, Ohio—K y.—Ind., M ar. 1967 --------------------------Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 1967 ------------------------------------------Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 1966 1--------------------------------------------D allas, T ex ., Nov. 1966 1------------------------- ------------------ —— 15 30 -3 8, 15 30-52, 1530 -5 8, 1530 -6 1, 15 30-64, 1575-7, 15 30-73, 1530 -5 6, 15 7 5 -1 4 , 15 30 -2 0, 1 5 30 -2 5, Davenport—Rock Island—M oline, Iowa—111., Oct. 1967 _________________________________________________ Dayton, Ohio, Jan. 1967 __________________________________ D enver, C o lo ., D ec. 1966___________________________ ______ Des M oines, Iowa, Feb. 1967 -----------------------------------------D etroit, M ich ., Jan. 1967 1 ______________________________ Fort Worth, T e x ., Nov. 1966 1___________________________ Green Bay, W is ., July 1967 ____________________________ G reen ville, S .C ., May 1967 ____________________________ Houston, T ex ., June 1 9 6 7 ________________________________ Indianapolis, Ind., D ec. 1966-------------------------------------------- 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Bulletin number and price Milwaukee, W is ., Apr. 1967 1_____________________________ Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn., Jan. 1967 1_________________ Muskegon—Muskegon H eights, M ich., May 1967 -------------Newark and Jersey City, N .J ., Feb. 1967 ______________ New Haven, Conn., Jan. 1967 _____________________________ New O rleans, L a ., Feb. 1967 1 ___________________________ New York, N .Y ., Apr. 1967 1______________________________ Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, V a ., June 1967 1______________________________ Oklahoma City, O k la ., July 1967 - —______________________ Akron, Ohio, July 1967 1 _________________________________ Albany—Schenectady^-Troy, N .Y ., Apr. 1967 ----------------Albuquerque, N. M e x ,, Apr. 1967 ______________________ Allentown—Bethlehem—Easton, Pa.—N. J ., Feb. 1967 _________________________________________________ Atlanta, G a ., May 1967 ----------------------------------------------------B altim ore, M d ., Nov. 1966 1--------------------------------------------Beaumont—Port Arthur—Orange, T ex ., May 1967 ____ Birm ingham , A la ., Apr. 1967 1 __________________________ B oise City, Idaho, July 1967 -------------------------------------------Boston, M a s s ., Sept. 1967 1--------------------------------------------- Jackson, M is s ., Feb. 1967 ______________________________ Jacksonville, F la ., Jan. 1967 1 --------------------------------------Kansas City, M o.—K a n s ., Nov. 1966____________________ Lawrence—H averhill, M a ss.—N .H ., June 1967 -------------Little Rock—North Little Rock, A r k ., July 1967 ---------Los Angeles—Long Beach and Anaheim—Santa A n a Garden G rove, C a lif., M ar. 1967 1 ___________________ Lou isville, K y .-In d ., Feb. 1967 1 _______________________ Lubbock, T e x ., June 1967 _______________________________ M anchester, N .H ., July 1967------------------------------------------M em phis, T e n n .-A r k ., Jan. 1967 ----------------------------------M iam i, F la ., D ec. 1966_____________________________ —----Midland and O dessa, T e x ., June 1967 --------------------------- A rea
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