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X < = ? ' ■ S'?##- S3 Area Wage Survey Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth and Newport News-Hampton, Virginia-North Carolina, Metropolitan Areas, May 1976 Bulletin 1900-33 U.S. Department of Labor Preface This bulletin p r o v i d e s r e s u lts of a M ay 1976 s u r v e y of o c cu p a t io n a l earn ing s and su p p le m e n t a r y w age ben efits in the Norfolk —V irg in ia Beach^ P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p or t News—Hampton, V i r g i n i a N orth C a rolina , Standard M e tr o p o lit a n S tatistical A r e a s ( c i t i e s of C h esa peak e, Hampton, N ew p ort New s, N o r f o l k , P o q u o s o n , Portsm outh, Suffolk, V irg in ia B ea ch , a n d W il lia m s b u r g , Va.; and the c oun ties o f G lo u c e s t e r , J a m e s City, and Y o rk , Va., and C u rritu ck , N. C.). The s u r v e y w as made as p a rt of the Bureau of L a b o r S t a t is t ic s ' annual a r e a w age s u r v e y p r o g r a m , w h ich is d e s ig n e d to y ie ld data f o r in div id ual m e t r o p o l ita n a r e a s as w e l l as national and r e g io n a l e s t im a t e s f o r a ll Standard M etr op olita n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s in the United States, -excluding A l a s k a and Hawaii. A m a j o r c o n s id e r a t i o n in the a r e a wage s u r v e y p r o g r a m is the n eed to d e s c r i b e the l e v e l and m o v e m e n t of w a g e s in a v a r i e t y of la b or m a r k e t s , through the a n a ly s is o f (1) the l e v e l and d is tribu tion o f w a g e s b y oc cu p a tion , and (2) the m o v e m e n t of w a g e s by oc c u p a t io n a l c a t e g o r y and s k i ll le v e l. The p r o g r a m d e v e lo p s in f o r m a t io n that m a y be u s e d f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s , including w age and s a la r y a d m in is t r a t i o n , c o l l e c t i v e b a rg a in in g , and a s s i s t a n c e in d e t e r m in in g plant lo c a tio n . S u rvey resu lts a l s o are u sed b y the U.S. D e p a r tm en t of L a b o r to m a k e w age det e rm in a tio n s under the S e r v i c e C on tract A c t o f 1965. C u r ren tly , 81 a r e a s a r e in clu d ed in the p r o gram . (See lis t of a r e a s on in side b a c k c o v e r . ) In e a c h a r ea , o c c u p a t io n a l earn ings data are c o l l e c t e d annually. In form a tion on est a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and su p p lem en ta r y w age b en efits is ob tain ed e v e r y th ird y e a r . E a ch y e a r a f t e r a l l in div id ual a r e a w age s u r v e y s have b e e n c o m p le t e d , two s u m m a r y bu lletin s a r e is s u e d . The f i r s t b r in g s to g e th e r data f o r e a c h m e t r o p o l it a n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; the s e c o n d p r e s e n t s national and r e g io n a l e s t im a t e s , p r o j e c t e d f r o m in d i v id u a l m e t r o p o l ita n a r e a data. The Norfolk —V i r g in ia B e a c h —P o r ts m o u t h and N e w p or t News—Hampton s u r v e y was con du cted b y the B u r e a u 's r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in Philadelph ia, P a ., under the g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f Ir w in L. F eig en b a u m , A s s i s tant R e g io n a l C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r O p era tion s. The s u r v e y c ou ld not have b e e n a c c o m p l i s h e d without the c o o p e r a t i o n o f the m a n y f i r m s w h os e w age and s a la r y data p r o v i d e d the b a s i s f o r the st a t is t ic a l in f o r m a t io n in this bulletin. The Bu reau w is h e s to e x p r e s s sin c e r e a p p r e c ia tio n f o r the c o o p e r a t i o n r e c e iv e d . Note: C u r r e n t r e p o r t s on oc c u p a t io n a l earn ing s in the N or folk —V i r g in ia B e a c h - P o r t s mouth and N ew port News—Ham pton a r e a s a r e a v a ila b le f o r the m ovin g and s t o r a g e (M a y 1976) and la undry and d r y clean in g (M ay 1976) in d u str ie s . A l s o a v a ilab le f o r the N or folk a r e a a r e lis tin g s o f union wage rates f o r building tr a d e s , prin ting tr a d e s , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p er a tin g e m p l o y e e s , l o c a l t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e lp e r s , and g r o c e r y store em p loyees. F r e e c o p ie s of th ese a r e a v a ilab le f r o m the B u r e a u 's r e g io n a l o f f i c e s . (See b a c k c o v e r f o r a d d r e s s e s .) Bulletin 1900-33 A rea W age Survey: September 1976 N o rfo lk-V irg in ia B each -P o rtsm o u th and U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, W. J. Usery, Jr., Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, Julius Shiskin, Commissioner New port N ew s—Hampton, Virginia—North Carolina, Metropolitan A rea, M ay 1976 C o n t e n t s Page Introduction — 2 Page T a b le s— Continued B. T a b le s : A. Ea rn in gs: 3 A - l . W eek ly earn ings o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s — A - 2 . W eek ly earn ings o f p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n ic a l w o r k e r s __________ . . . 5 A - 3 . A v e r a g e w e e k ly earn ings o f o f f i c e . p r o f e s s i o n a l , and te c h n ic a l w o r k e r s , by s e x _________________ . . . 6 A - 4 . H ou rly earn ing s o f m a in ten a n ce, t o o l r o o m , and pow erplant 7 w o r k e r s ___ _____ _______________ — A -5. H ou rly earnings o f m a t e r ia l m ov e m e n t and cus tod ia l 8 w o r k e r s ___________________________ — A - 6 . A v e r a g e h ou r ly earn ings of m a in ten an ce, t o o l r o o m , p o w e r plant, m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t , and c u s to d ia l w o r k e r s , by s e x ---------- — 10 A - l . P e r c e n t in c r e a s e s in a v er ag e h o u r ly earn ing s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p s , ad justed f o r e m p loy m en t s h i f t s ______________ 11 E s ta blis h m en t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p lem en ta r y w ag e p r o v i s i o n s : B -1. M in im u m en tran ce s a la r ie s f o r in e x p e r ie n c e d typists and c l e r k s . . ______________________ . . . B - 2 . Late shift pay p r o v i s i o n s fo r f u l l - t i m e m a nu factu ring plant w o r k e r s . . . _ _____________________ — B - 3 . Scheduled w e e k ly h ours and days of f u l l - t i m e f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s __ __________________ __ . . . B - 4 . Annual paid h olida ys f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s . __ _______ ________ ______.... B - 5 . Paid vacation p r o v i s i o n s fo r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s _________________.... B - 6 . Health, in s u r a n c e , and p en sion plan p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s __________________ ________— Appendix A. Appendix B. 12 13 14 15 16 19 Scope and m ethod o f s u r v e y _____ .... 21 O cc u p a tion a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ________ .... 26 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover. Price 85 cents. Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents. Introduction n u r s e s , sk illed m a in ten an ce t r a d e s w o r k e r s , and unskilled plant w o r k e r s . W h e re p o s s i b l e , data ar e p r e s e n te d f o r all in d u s tr ie s , m a n u factu rin g , and nonm an ufacturin g. This ta ble p r o v i d e s a m e a s u r e o f w age tr e n d s after elim in ation o f changes in a v e r a g e earnin gs c a u se d by e m p loy m en t shifts among e s t a b lis h m en ts as w e ll as t u r n o v e r o f e st a b lis h m e n t s i n cluded in s u r v e y s a m p l e s . F o r fu rther d e t a ils , see ap pendix A. This a r e a is 1 o f 84 in w hich the U.S. D epartm ent o f L a b o r ' s Bu reau o f L a b o r Statistics conduces s u r v e y s o f oc c u p a t io n a l earn ings and r e lated b e n e fit s . In this a r e a , data w e r e obtain ed by p e r s o n a l v is it s o f Bu reau fie ld e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e s e n ta tiv e est a b lis h m e n t s within six b r o a d industry d iv is io n s : M an ufacturin g; t r a n s p o r t a tio n , c o m m u n i c a tio n , and oth er pu blic u tilities ; w h o l e s a l e trad e; r eta il tr a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l estate; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in du stry g rou ps ex clu d ed f r o m th ese studies ar e g ov e r n m e n t op e r a t io n s and the c o n stru c tion and e x tr a c tiv e in du stries. E s ta b lis h m en ts having f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d num ber o f w o r k e r s a r e om itted b e c a u s e of in suffic ient e m p loy m en t in the o c c u p a t io n s studied. Separate ta bula tions are p r o v i d e d f o r each o f the b r o a d in du stry d iv is io n s w h ich m e e t pu blica tion c r i t e r i a . B - s e r i e s ta bles The B - s e r i e s ta b le s p r e s e n t in form ation on m in im u m e n tran ce s a l a r i e s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s ; late shift pay p r o v i s i o n s and p r a c t i c e s f o r plant w o r k e r s in m anu factu ring; and data se p a r a t e l y f o r plant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s on sch eduled w eek ly h ours and days o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s ; paid h o lid a y s ; paid v a c a tio n s ; and health, in s u r a n c e , and p en sion plans. A - s e r i e s ta b le s T a b le s A - l th rough A - 6 p r o v i d e es t im a te s o f s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly o r h o u r ly earn ings f o r w o r k e r s in o c c u p a t io n s c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty of m a n u f a c turing and nonm an ufacturin g in d u str ies . O cc u p a tion s w e r e s e l e c t e d f r o m the follow in g c a t e g o r i e s : (a) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l , (b) p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n ic a l , (c) m a in ten a n ce, t o o l r o o m , and pow erp la n t, and (d) m a te r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u s to d ia l. In the 31 la r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , ta b le s A - l a through A - 6 a p r o v id e s i m il a r data f o r e st a b lis h m e n t s em p loying 500 w o r k ers or m ore. A pp endixes App endix A d e s c r i b e s the m eth od s and c o n cepts u sed in the a r e a w ag e su r v e y p r o g r a m . It p r o v i d e s in form a tion on the s c o p e o f the a r e a s u r v e y , on the a r e a ' s in du stria l c o m p o s i t i o n in m a n u f a c t u r ing, and on la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e . App endix B p r o v i d e s jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s u sed by Bureau field e c o n o m i s t s to c l a s s i f y w o r k e r s by o c c u p a t io n . T a b le A - 7 p r o v i d e s p e r c e n t changes in a v e r a g e h o u r ly earn ings o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , in dustr ia l 2 A. Earnings Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 W eek ly earnings (standard) O ccu p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of worker? 1 N u m b e r of w o r k e r s receiving strai ght - t im e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s of— S w eek ly hour?* (standard) 70 M ean 2 M edian 2 M id d le ran g e2 AKIL j i $ $ 100 s no s 120 191 .50 170 .00 23 6 .5 0 vLA j j 37 1 7 7 .0 0 - 21 7 .5 0 61 1 4 3 .0 0 198 .00 1 6 7 .0 0 20 6 .0 0 131 .50-173 .00 U 357 90 100 L v ''L 1AKALj t vLA nAnUr Av 1UK il'u s t e n o g r a p h e r s , 150 160 s 170 s 180 no 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 9 u 39 12 68 102 20 82 4 84 28 56 5 85 33 52 3 84 50 34 9 87 53 34 8 25 21 22 11 11 22 13 s 190 s S 200 210 $ S % 220 230 240 22 10 46 33 11 37 1 22 2 200 210 220 230 240 250 157.50 1 3 8 .0 0 - 8 176 .00 19 34 1 34 11 23 8 8 16 16 1 U ge ne ral ------------------------- STENOGRAPHERS. SENIOR ------------------ 103 99 58 39.5 39.5 152.00 157 .50 135 .00 156 .00 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 - 170.00 189.60 1 4 3 .50-163 .00 1 5 4 .0 0 163 .00 1 1 1 .0 0 - - - - - 4 - - 23 10 22 13 - S S 250 260 280 260 280 o v e r ------------------ 27 39.5 138.50 124 .00 38 11 1 1 10 12 35 26 14 18 12 6 28 6 6 i 4 6 i 23 12 30 21 1 1 1 16 24 3 1 12 16 11 8 44 28 16 9 59 21 38 i 31 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 i 2 2 8 4 2 4 4 - - - 3 _ 2 2 14 11 2 n 3 i - d. - - - - - - - - 2 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 125 .00 JV P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S 1 11 1 8 j 140 s s s $ 130 an d $ 1 5 5 .0 0 1 2 9 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 - 457 NUNnANU' Mv 1UK irlu 1 90 S WORKERS J ^•Zj 3 80 S an d under 80 ALL $ $ 1 0 0 .5 0 123 .00 1 0 0 .00-123 .50 1 0 5 .5 0 139 .30 1 - 13 13 1 Ill 107 7 20 18 44 36 8 2 2 17 15 7 2 20 61 n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g SWITCHBOARD --------------------- --------------------- OPtRATOR-RECEPTIONISTS- 25 69 198 49 U K U t ’' LLL><i\b v UL A3 3 40.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 105.00 120.50 118.00 121.00 131 .00 96.00 109 .00 114 .00 124.50 9 2 . 0C - 9 6 . 3 0 9 5 .5 0 - 97.60 103 .00-132 .30 102 .50-127 .00 1 0 3 .5 0 -1 3 u .0 0 1 2 0 .00-134 .50 98.00-1 1 5 .0 0 - - ^ * W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: ** W orkers w ere distributed as follow s: 28 19 2 2 1 1 - 3 10 7 6 1 - 11 9 28 26 17 13 7 6 2 - 4* 38 1 43 16 15 24 15 34 43 5 38 20 14 41 3 n i n 4 2 at $280 to $ 300; and 2 at $300 to $ 320. 8 at $300 to $ 320; and 1 at $320 to $340. See footnotes at end of tables. 1 1 - 3 9 - - 3 - 2 - - - - - - i i 12 1 11 - i i 10 i - - 2 7 - - 14 13 9 8 7 2 6 Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976— Continued W e e k l y e ar n in gs 1 N u m b e r of w o r k e r s receiving st ra ig ht -t im e w e e kly e a r n i n g s of— ( s ta n d a rd ) $ umber 70 w e e k ly O c c u p a t i o n a n d i n d u s t r y division orkeR $ Ho u r 1 M ean 2 ( s ta nd ar d) M edian 2 M iddle ra n g e 2 and under S S S $ S S 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 14 0 15 0 16 0 17 0 18 0 - - - - - - - - - 10 0 n o 12 0 13 0 14 0 15 0 16 0 17 0 2 3 32 31 2 4 2 7 90 - 90 S s 10 0 80 80 S S $ S S S 1 9 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 - - - - 18 0 190 2 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 0 2 3 0 S S S 2 2 0 s 1 ---------- 2 3 0 2 4 0 2 5 0 2 6 0 - - - - and 2 4 0 2 5 0 2 6 0 2 8 0 over 2 8 0 ALL WO R K E R S — CONTINUED $ A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S * C L A S S A ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 2 1 7 3 9 .5 1 5 6 .5 0 $ 1 5 4 .0 0 $ $ 1 3 5 . 0 0 - 1 7 8 .0 0 - - 87 3 9 .5 1 7 1 .0 0 1 7 2 .5 0 , 1 5 4 . 0 0 - 1 9 3 .5 0 - - 13 0 3 9 . 5 1 4 6 .5 0 1 4 0 .5 0 1 3 4 . 0 C - 1 6 1 .0 0 - A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S . C L A S S 8 ---------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------- 3 9 9 3 9 . 5 1 1 0 . 0 0 - 1 4 0 . 0 0 - 4 30 - - 21 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS* C L A S S B ------------------------- --------P A Y R O L L C L E R K S --------- ----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------K E Y P U N C H O P E R A T O R S * C L A S S A -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------K E Y P U N C H O P E R A T O R S * C L A S S B -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------ 1 2 4 .5 0 1 2 0 .5 0 1 2 7 3 9 .5 1 2 3 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 0 7 . 0 0 - 1 3 6 . 0 0 2 7 2 3 9 .5 1 2 5 .5 0 1 2 1 .0 0 1 1 0 . 0 3 - 1 4 2 . 0 0 31 3 8 .0 1 1 9 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 0 6 . 0 0 - 1 3 7 . 5 0 6 9 3 9 .5 1 3 5 .0 0 1 3 3 .0 0 1 1 3 . 0 0 - 1 5 1 .0 0 4 7 3 9 .5 1 3 8 .0 0 1 3 8 .0 0 1 2 0 . 0 C - 1 5 5 .0 0 9 3 2 - 1 - 19 9 3 17 13 9 3 • • - • - 30 2 4 5 18 11 6 2 - - 2 * • 1 • 51 101 5 8 55 4 3 37 13 7 . - . _ 15 2 4 19 22 8 9 5 4 3 6 77 39 3 3 3 5 2 8 8 3 2 6 7 - 5 - - 11 8 9 6 5 4 5 6 3 7 5 4 1 5 14 21 - 12 “ * 6 - 74 8 • 12 • 4 2 1 - 11 - * 70 18 10 19 7 * 1 22 7 39 32 20 - . 1 1 0 .0 0 1 0 3 . 0 0 - 1 3 0 . 0 0 - - 1 3 6 .0 0 1 1 8 . 0 0 - 1 6 2 .0 0 - - 1 1 3 .0 0 1 0 3 .0 0 1 0 3 . 0 0 - 1 2 6 . 5 0 1 0 5 .5 0 9 7 .5 0 9 4 . 0 0 - 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 8 .0 0 1 3 3 .5 0 - - 50 5 4 113 1 1 7 . 5 0 - 1 4 0 . U0 S e e footnotes at en d of tables. 7 - 1 1 9 .0 0 3 9 .5 15 2 18 . 1 4 5 .5 0 31 23 5 8 6 3 8 .5 3 6 .5 14 - 5 - 3 9 .5 3 8 .5 8 - 9 29 2 9 4 5 • 4 15 4 1 2 5 - 4 9 5 2 3 5 1 4 10 17 9 1 - - - * * T * • ▼ - - - - - - - - - - - - . - 2 . 2 - Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 W e e k ly earnings (stan da rd ) N um be r of O c c u p a t i o n a n d i n du st ry division w orkers A v e ra ge w e e k ly h o u rs 1 (standard] 1 N u m b e r of w o r k e rs receiving strai g h t - t i m e w e e k l y e a rn in g s of— * $ 90 M ea n * M e d ia n ^ M id d le ran ge d ALL COMPUTER COMPUTER S $ S ANALYSTS PROGRAMMERS PROGRAMMERS $ $ 130 14 0 150 160 17 0 180 200 220 s> 24o no 120 13 0 140 15 0 16 0 17 0 18 0 200 220 24.) 260 $ 313,00 $ 71 33 251.50 t ^ l .0 0 $ $ s $ $ $ 320 340 360 380 400 28C 300 32 0 34 0 36 0 380 400 420 3 1 1 226.00-267.J0 _ 1 40.0 A 179.50 169.50 1 165.00 10 , 153.50-198.90 13 150.50-198.00 18 13 7 3 “ *" ” * “ • 143.00 14 17 154.00 154.50 133.50-178.00 122.00-147.50 A- 174 40.0 230.00 26 TECHNICIANS. TECHNICIANS. CLASS CLASS B- c- 389 7 8 234.00 40.0 220.00 151.00 237.50 133.00 6 7 2 8 N A n u r A w 1U H 1 2 6 178.00-276.50 - - - - * 1 * 16 2 1 1 20 20 37 46 118 - - 28 24 24 191.00 i 20 10 14 21 22 27 20 11 2 - 6 11 * *“ * 43 36 107 103 1 1 - * 165.00-260.00 126.50-185.50 126.00140.50 179.00178.00- - - - - - - 4 209.50 206.50 S e e footnotes at e n d of tables. - C-.9.00 40.0 * 5 129 1 4 4 class 2 26 lot 4 4 * 1 1 2 0*^0 t e c h n i c i a n s * * • 1 ■ ■■ 44 1 12 17 el e c t r o n i c s * 300 (BUSINESS), 78 59 ELECTRONICS 5 280 (BUSINESS)* 51 el e c t r o n i c s % $ 260 $ 224.50 v u M i« s 12 0 WORKERS SYSTEMS ._ U K A P 1C K by 5 * no and under 100 COMPUTER $ lo o 5 24 18 18 28 28 1 1 38 6 30 - 7 1 2 1 20 4 25 15 So i 5 “ - - - - - - Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Norfolk— Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 A verage (m e a n 2 ) A v era g e (m e a n 2 ) Sex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s try d iv is io n OFFICE SECRETARIES OCCUPATIONS - Number of woikers W eek ly h e u rs1 (standard) W eek ly earnings 1 (standard) S ex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u stry d iv is io n WOMEN ------------------------------------------------------------------- 782 327 455 79 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.0 $ 164.00 177.00 154.50 191.00 OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED j L v KL 1A K A l j ? v L CLERKS. 40.0 39.5 201.50 161.00 354 155 199 28 39.5 39.5 39.0 40.0 161.00 175.50 149.50 181.00 244 97 147 40 39.5 153.00 39.0 38.5 150.50 191.50 96 39.5 CLASS C - Sex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u stry d iv is io n W eek ly hours 1 (standard) W eek ly earnings * (standard) P R O F ES SI ON AL AND TECH NI CA L OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED -------------------- OPERATORS $ -------- ------------------------------------- — — — n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g s w it chb oar d 61 86 W eek ly earnings * (standard) 28 26 c.09.00 U W eek ly hours 2 (standard) A verage (m e a n 2 ) N um ber of workers $ FILE s w it chb oar d 37 Number of w oikeis o p e r a t o r -r — 87 39.5 120.50 r•5 121.00 — e c e p t i o n i s t s 39 - 42 UKA r 1C K v f ORDER CLERKS* CLASS 8 v L —.j j n A r iU r A v 1UK i ' > v 1c J 2 4 8 . 0P A m m r 1 l j no n m a n u f a c t u r i n g 35 a c c o unt ing c l e r k s * cl as s CLERKS* CLASS r•5 . j* yy - 153*50 A L L tv 1■'UN i ACCOUNTING 39 1 . r. r- 3 9 •5 B 123*00 rUHL1v U l l L l l l t b —J * " l'' 5 50 31 - _ *■ r- ,^ _.. ~r-vr- ^ 38.0 119.00 66 45 39.5 137.50 38*5 119.00 A 29 125 113.00 31 248 106.00 128.00 103.00 T ,,, 197 132.50 31 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL O C CU PA TI ON S - MEN COMPUTER SYSTEMS t e c h n i c i a n s OCCUPATIONS n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g - . CLASS c- 40.0 <-14.50 40.0 150.50 40.0 158.00 40.0 189*00 WOMEN ------------------------------- 25 ANALYSTS 70 See footnotes at end of tables. e l e c t r o n i c s 6 0 Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 N u m ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t-t im e h ou r ly earn in gs o f— Hourly earnings 4 M e d ia n 2 M id d le range 2 ru w M ean2 2 .6 0 2.70 2.80 and under 2.60 ^ • 2.50 S S s S $ S s S $ 3.20 3.40 3#60 3.80 4. 00 4.20 4.40 4.60 s 5.00 S 3.00 i — 4.80 $ 2.80 5.20 5 .6 0 6 .0 0 6.40 6 .8 0 7.20 7.60 8.00 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4. 20 4.40 4.60 4.80 5.00 5.20 5.6Q 6 .0 0 6 .40 6.80 7 ,?0 7.60 8.00 8.40 1 ---------- $ o Occupation and industry division 1 ---------- $ S $ 1 ---------- 1 1 -------- • N um be r of workers ALL WORKERS $ $ $ $ 1 1 1 1 n A IN 1CNANCC. L L U t I K lL lA N u * 1 ■ »3 w rA IN 1t K j * * B— M A IN 1C N A N v L . MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) - 288 5.48 5.44 4.86- - 5.84 - - - - - 3 9 20 1 1 J 1 28 46 17 39 68 12 3 17 25 - 9 4 16 57 20 31 2 16 4 7 - ] ,, - 2 - 1 6.90 MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR VEHICLES) ----------------------- n A n U r A v 1U K lIT y " MAINTENANCE SHEET-METAL WORKERS ---n A iN ILN AN Ll IKMUt3 nLLrbK5 207 5.48 5.44 6.10 36 6.28 / AO 3 54 6.01 4.86- 6.04 5.44* 5.44- 6.04 6.14 5.84- 6.01 5.84- 6.91 - - - - 4 - 16 7 3 11 ** j 1 - - - - - - - : 1 1 See footnotes at end of tables. 7 - - - - i 30 1 6 - 0 - - 2 13 n rg 8 3 - 12 Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 Hourly earnings 4 Of workers O c c u p a t i o n a n d industry division ALL N u m b e r of w o r k e r s receiving straight - t i m e h o u r l y ea r n in gs of-- Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 % 3> 2.30 S 2.40 2 2.50 2 .6 0 s 2.80 $ 3.00 S 3 .20 3 .4 0 1) 3 .6 0 S 3 .8 0 $ 4.00 5> 4 .20 $ 4.4u S 4.60 S 4.80 $ 5.00 $ 5.40 S 5.80 i 6.20 i 6 .6 0 i 7.00 * 7.40 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2 .80 3.00 3.20 3 .40 3 .60 3 .80 4 .0 0 4.20 4 •40 4.60 4.80 5.00 5,40 5.80 6.20 6.60 7 . V0 7.40 7.8c 59 59 31 6 4b 60 60 237 3 234 53 10 43 12 1 17 104 66 19 47 72 16 56 117 35 82 30 67 38 29 3 123 33 90 78 - 145 94 51 4 52 11 41 1 1 - 18 18 - 8 4 4 * 204 20 184 168 96 96 1 1 9 1 a - 2 2 - - * * 24 24 ” 14 7 14 7 147 $ 2.20 an d under WORKERS T R U C K D R I V E R S -------------------- ----- ---M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------ -----------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------ 1.854 326 1.528 549 $ 4.32 3.94 4.40 6.12 $ 3.86 3.90 3.86 5.50 $ $ 2.80- 5.50 3.5C- 4.30 2.50- 5.90 5 . 50— 7.76 - ' TRUCKDRIv e r s * li gh t tr uc k — l »JO" 161 161 161 " C.mf* 16 2.40 5 T R U C K D R I V E R S . M E D I U M T R U C K -------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------- ----------- 638 10 1 537 3.55 3.98 3.47 3.35 3.83 3.08 2.503.352.50- 4.30 4.69 4.30 11 11 5 TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK ( T R A I L E R ) ------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------ 567 67 500 335 5.62 4.12 5.82 5.96 5.50 4.25 5.50 5.50 3.963.504.303.96- 7.76 4.69 7.76 7.76 - “ * . 41 41 1 1 - 1 1 - 4 4 - 104 20 84 * 41 8 33 * 11 li - 17 17 - * * 10 0 10 0 84 67 67 - 1 « 1 * 6 6 * 4 4 - - 85 85 - - - - 29 - - 2 2 16 10 31 31 7 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 - - - “ * * • 22 22 50 13 37 59 14 45 47 4 43 19 8 11 43 27 16 “ 2 2 * 1 1 * 65 26 39 30 7 5 2 * 74 10 57 8 6 1 1 25 25 1 “ 3 3 _ * 16 16 6 1 19 19 23 13 13 “ - - 3 - _ - 19 1 18 - • 33 8 25 18 6 186 * 74 74 - - _ TRUCKDRIVERS. HEAVY TRUCK ( O T H E R T H A N T R A I L E R ) --------------- 241 4.17 J.OcT 4.30 2.81- 4.30 - 6 S H I P P I N G C L E R K S ----- -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U P I N G --------------------- 107 90 4.03 4.03 4.13 4.13 3.633.65- 4.38 4.38 - - • RECEIVING CLERKS MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------------------------------- 125 39 86 4.45 5.18 4.11 4.00 6.61 4.00 3.693.593.75- 4.95 6.61 4.55 * • * S H I P P I N G A N D R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S -----N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------- ----- 58 43 3.82 3.65 3.70 3.70 3.353.35- 4.20 4.20 - - * W A R E H O U S E M E N ------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------- ----N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------pu bl ic u t i l i t i e s ------------------ 350 203 147 80 4.36 4.10 4.73 5.55 4.12 4.12 3.91 5.93 3.914.083.753.91- 4.30 4.22 6.13 7.11 O R D E R F I L L E R S ----------- -----------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------- 235 74 4.01 3.56 3.75 4.43 3.722.30- 5.12 4.43 n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g 133 133 105 - * - * 6 6 • 2 2 6 3 3 5 5 10 5 5 18 1 17 3 3 13 2 11 - 1 6 6 1 - 4 1 1 1 - 23 4 4 4 * 1 * - - 5 5 7 5 - 7 6 1 1 11 11 2 * - 3 2 6 "" i • . * 3 1 - * 12 12 - • - * 3 3 “ 2 2 “ 6 6 “ 9 8 1 “ 42 29 13 9 9 ” 46 4 42 34 106 97 9 47 46 1 * 3 1 2 * 10 10 - 4 4 2 9 8 1 - 3 3 * 13 - - 13 11 _ * 3 3 4 10 6 13 1 71 2 - - - 4u 40 _ _ 67 - • * - - * “ . 22 ZZ - 1 “ 1 “ 4 “ 4 1 1 3 * ' 14 - _ - - - - • * - * 33 33 33 . - _ - 2 • 2 15 15 - - • - - - - - 13 13 13 28 28 - - - - - “ ' 18 L A B O R E R S ------------- --------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------------------- 1.216 590 626 3.28 3.21 3.35 2.84 2.95 2.60 2.482.642.48- 3.70 3.66 4.53 - F O R K L I F T O P E R A T O R S -------- -------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------ 538 3.85 3.82 3 3 4 3 . 8 3 3 . 6 8 204 60 3.88 4.78 3 . 9 0 3.253.252.753.91- 4.00 3.94 5.17 5.48 MATERIAL HANDLING m a n u f a c t u r i n g 4.63 358 86 272 40 23 17 94 36 56 145 14 0 5 28 6 22 105 49 56 77 75 2 91 67 24 31 29 2 17 14 - 30 21 9 . - 1 1 - 53 13 40 11 11 28 16 12 15 15 - 7 7 - 65 38 27 6 45 38 7 36 35 1 137 79 58 24 15 12 3 ' S e e footnotes at e n d of tables. 8 3 27 27 * 9 9 - - - - 2 2 - 15 15 - 24 24 - - 142 142 5 5 28 28 2 15 15 15 - Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976— Continued H o u rly ea ■nings 4 N u m b e r of w o r k e r s re ceiving straight-time h o u r l y e a r n i n g s of— $ 2.20 O c c u p a t i o n a n d industry division workers M ean2 M e d ia n 2 M id d le range ^ $ S 2.50 $ 2.60 .8 0 $ 3.00 $ 3.20 $ 3.40 $ 3.60 $ 3.80 $ 4.00 $ 4.20 $ ^ 4.40 4.60 $ 4.80 $ 5.00 $ 5.40 5 5. 80 $ 6.20 $ 6.60 5 7.00 2.50 2.60 2.80 .0 0 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 4.60 4.8o 5.00 5.40 5.80 6. 20 6.60 7.00 7.40 7.80 3 3 4 4 ~ - * * * * 10 1 * 18 * - * “ 30 21 9 1 40 33 7 6 * 2.30 $ 2.40 2.40 7.40 and under 2.30 ALL W O R K E R S — CONTINUED P O W E R - T R U C K O P E R A T O R S (OTHER T H A N F O R K L I F T ) -------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------- 87 83 $ 4.07 4.00 $ 3.39 3.39 $ 3.393.39- $ 5.32 4.25 - - - - - * 6 6 - - - 43 43 G U A R D S A N D W A T C H M E N -------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G — --------- -------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------ 563 246 38 3.72 2.91 4.50 3.64 2.35 5.28 2.402.302.65- 4.64 3.10 6.28 - 139 136 30 15 6 8 7 - 15 11 6 2 - 35 22 6 24 18 * 25 4 * 3.20 3.06 1,459 342 1,117 64 2.89 3.78 2.62 3.86 2.50 3.87 2.3c 3.94 2.302.802.303.04- 3.23 4.64 2.75 4.29 16 16 653 8 645 11 106 20 86 1 115 31 84 1 47 26 21 3 55 4 51 7 139 34 105 2 16 12 4 3 - - - - * * 11 11 * 52 1 75 - 35 18 17 14 23 15 a i 8 8 87 * 15 13 * 2 - 6 6 4 2 2 3 3 3 * 15 15 15 10 * 5 1 4 2 12 12 12 - 15 15 - - * WATCHMEN: J A N I T O R S , P O R T E R S , A N D C L E A N E R S ---M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------------------------n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S ------------------ S e e footnotes at e n d of tables. 1-0 53 12 41 14 10 4 83 81 2 2 1 1 - * * Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 Sex, 3 occupation, a n d in du st ry division m a i n t e n a n c e p o w e r p l a n t , t o o l r o o m , o c c u p a t i o n s N um ber of workers A vera ge (m ea n 2 ) hourly earnings4 and - Sex, 3 occupation, a n d i n d u st ry division ma t e r i a l mo v e m e n t and OCCUPATIONS MEN 76 52 Number of workers A vera ge (m e a n 2 ) hourly earnings4 Sex, 3 occupation, a n d i n d u st ry division $ * 346 rU bL Iv U 1 * L 11 I t s ■ " " $ 326 70 3.26 549 1 1 169 3.31 MANUFACTURING 1K U vM /N 1 V tK b ♦ L lu n 1 |K U t ' ' " nA iN ® LNANLL nAvM 1N 1 j IJ MECHANICS (MACHINERY) - 288 5.48 TRUCKDRIVERSt HEAVY *■ """ -~ a MAINTENANCE TRUCK POWER-TRUCK ^^, OPERATORS 622 3.35 536 332 3.85 3.83 (OTHER 87 83 49 36 • U'JL 1 v U 1•wi 1lu J gu ar ds and wa t c h m e n NONMANUFACTURING: m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c s l HU 1 U K V t . n 1 L L l. j / 1 K UU f t U K 1 V L. N o ? I V 1n tK 1 HAN ntA V T |K U t i ' IKAXLt.*»* 1" 3 116 •82 WATCHMENS 39 5.73 6 18 JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS -------- 285 74 HAN Ur AO 1 UK 1 l» v A verage m ea n 2 ) hourly earnings4 MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED cu s t o d i a l - MEN $ 6.31 6.56 80 Number of workers I'L v t * V iN w v L t “ r\3 — 3.20 3 0 7i 3*92 2.70 48 84 M A IN •L N AN vt. 1K A U t i MANUr A v •U K i N o n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g Tl i b o il er te n d e r s ------------------------------------------- 08 3.54 4.59 4.73 ' n tL rL “ o 37 40 34 ^ f l X r ■ XN w APiU K u v C 1 V 1 NO ---------------------------------------------------------- AND CUSTODIAL - WOMEN 4* 38 r— r~\ 4.73 26 4.48 4.40 JANITORS, U N U t'' r ILLt-K b ” S e e footnotes at e n d of tables. MATERIAL MOVEMENT OCCUPATIONS vwwMf Vs} 10 235 4.01 PORTERS. AND CLEANERS -------- 425 2.52 Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, adjusted for employment shifts, in Norfolk— Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News— Hampton, Va.—N.C., for selected periods Industry and occupational group (men and women combined) January 1972 to January 1973 January 1973 to January 1974 January 1974 to May 1975 16 -month increase Annual rate of increase May 1975 to May 1976 A ll industries: O ffice c l e r i c a l ,. _ E lectronic data p rocessin g ______________ ____ ____ Industrial n u r s e s ---- --------------- -----------------------Skilled maintenance trades *** __ ----- ---------------Unskilled plant w orkers * * * ______ ______________ ** 7.4 7.0 5.7 * 4.3 7.5 8.7 10.9 11.4 12.2 12.4 14.2 8.1 8.4 9-0 9.2 10.5 6.3 5.7 4.8 7.2 8.3 Manufacturing: Office c le r ic a l _ _______ ______ __ _______ E lectronic data p r o c e s s in g __ __ __ _________ Industrial n u r s e s __ _ ____ _____ _________ _ _ _ Skilled maintenance trades *** Unskilled plant w orkers *** _ ____ ___ ** * ** 6.3 7.6 * ** 7.9 9.2 ** ** sje* 12.3 17.3 ** sjesje ** 9.1 12.7 aje# ** *s{e 7.2 9.0 Nonmanufacturing: Office c l e r i c a l________ _________________ __ ___ E lectronic data p r o c e s s in g __ ____________________ Industrial n u r s e s ___ , ___ _ ___________ ____ Skilled maintenance trades ***____ ___________ Unskilled plant w orkers * * * ___ _____ ______ ___ 5.3 * sjoje sjcsje 6.1 5.6 * ** ** 8.3 10.9 sjesjc sjesfc ** 12.4 8.1 ** sjssje ** 9.2 6.9 ** ** ** 8.0 5.3 * * Data not available. ** Data do not m eet publication criteria . *** Percent in creases for periods ending p rior to 1976 relate to men only. 11 B. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Table B-1. Minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks in Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 Inexperienced typists Minimum weekly straight-tim e s a la r y 4 Other inexperienced c le rica l w orkers 5 Nonmanufacturing Manufactur ing A ll industries All schedules All schedules 40 48 XXX 117 6 5 13 6 - - - . - 1 - 1 - _ 1 3 - 1 - 1 1 $100.00 $105.00 $110.00 $115.00 $120.00 $125.00 $130.00 $135.00 $140.00 $145.00 $150.00 $155.00 and AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND U N D E R $ 1 0 5 . 0 0 ----------U N D E R $ 1 1 0 . 0 0 ----------U N D E R $ 1 1 5 . 0 0 ----------U N O E R $ 1 2 0 . 0 0 ----------U N D E R $ 1 2 5 . 0 0 ----------U N D E R $ 1 3 0 . 0 0 ----------U N D E R $ 1 3 5 . 0 0 ----------U N D E R $ 1 4 0 . 0 0 ----------U N D E R $ 1 4 5 . 0 0 ----------U N D E R $ 1 5 0 . 0 0 ----------U N D E R $ 1 5 5 . 0 0 ----------O V E R ------------------------ 1 « 4 1 3 _ 3 1 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 d 3 1 1 I 40 37'/2 165 48 XXX 117 XXX XXX 6 53 16 12 37 25 7 1 - - _ - - 1 3 1 * - 4 4 1 1 “ 1 2 2 XXX 19 $ 8 0 . 0 0 ---------------------------A N D u n d e r $ 8 3 . 5 0 -------------A N D U N D E R $ 8 5 . 0 0 ------------A N D U N D E R $ 8 7 . 5 0 -------- ----A N D U N D E R $ 9 0 . 0 0 -------------A N D U N D E R $ 9 2 . 5 0 ------------A N D U N D E R $ 9 5 . 0 0 ------------A N D U N D E R $ 9 7 . 5 0 -------------A N D U N D E R $ 1 0 0 . 0 0 ------------ All schedules XXX ESTABLISHMENTS h a v i n g a s p e c i f i e d M I N I M U M --------------- --------------------UNDEk $80-00 $83.50 $85.00 $87.50 $90.00 $92.50 $95.00 $97.50 40 3 7 ‘/2 165 st u d i e d 2 3 « 1 - 2 21 1 d - 3 3 1 1 - 6 2 1 1 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly hours 6 of— All schedules 40 --------------- ESTABLISHMENTS Manufacturing All industries Based on standarc weekly hours 6 of— 4 3 1 1 - 1 1 1 3 1 3 - 3 1 2 2 17 4 2 3 1 1 1 - 1 17 2 2 2 1 - - 1 - - - 1 1 • - - * - 1 1 1 - “ 1 1 1 1 1 - - “ - 1 1 3 1 ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING NO SPECIFIED M I N I M U M -------------------------------------- 23 8 XXX 15 XXX XXX 45 16 XXX 29 XXX XXX ESTABLISHMENTS WHICH DID NOT EMPLOY W O R K E R S I N T H I S C A T E G O R Y -------------- 123 34 XXX 89 XXX XXX 67 16 XXX 51 XXX XXX See - - footnotes at en d of tables. 12 1 - Table B-2. Late shift pay provisions for full-time manufacturing plant workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 (All full-time m a n u f a c t u r i n g plant w o r k e r s = 100 percent) W o r k e r s o n late shifts All w o r k e r s 7 Item S e c o n d shift PERCENT IN e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i th OF AVERAGE PAY S e c o n d shift T h i r d shift WORKERS l a te shift p r o v i s i o n s ------ W I T H N O P A Y D I F F E R E N T I A L F O R L A T E S H I F T W O R K -----W I T H P A Y D I F F E R E N T I A L F O R L A T E S H I F T W O R K ----------U N I F O R M C E N T S - P E R - H O U R D I F F E R E N T I A L ---------------U N I F O R M P E R C E N T A G E D I F F E R E N T I A L ---------------------O T H E R D I F F E R E N T I A L ---------------------------------------- UNIFORM UNIFORM T h i r d shift 90.7 87.8 13.7 5.8 2.9 87.9 72.5 15.3 .1 2.2 85.6 71.3 15.3 - .6 13.1 12.1 1.0 (9) .5 5.3 5.0 .3 - 28.9 8.2 31.3 9.0 a 6. 1 7.4 31.5 7.0 .3 .7 1. 3 1. 4 .6 (9) DIFFERENTIAL C E N T S - P E R - H O U R D I F F E R E N T I A L ------------------P E R C E N T A G E D I F F E R E N T I A L ------------------------P E R C E N T O F W O R K E R S By T Y P E A N D AMOUNT OF PAY D I F F ER EN TI AL UNIFORM CENTS-PER-HOUR* 5 CENTS 7 A N D U N D E R 8 C E N T S ----------------------------------8 C E N T S ---------------------------------------------------9 C E N T S --------------------------------------------------10 C E N T S -------------------------------------------------11 C E N T S -------------------------------------------------1 2 C E N T S -------------------------------------------------1 3 A N D U N D E R 1 4 C E N T S ----- -------------------------15 C E N T S -------------------------------------------------16 C E N T S -------------------------------------------------18 C E N T S --------- ---------------------------------------2 0 C E N T S -------------------------------------------------2 2 C E N T S -------------------------------------------------2 6 A N D U N D E R 2 7 C E N T S -------------------------------4 0 C E N T S ----- ------------ -------------------------------4 2 C E N T S -------------------------------------------------UNIFORM PERCENTAGE! 5 P E R C E N T ------------------------------------------------7 P E R C E N T ------------------------------------------------10 P E R C E N T ----- ----- ---------------- ------------------- 1.9 2.8 4.4 5.4 5.6 — 1.8 - 41.0 8.8 .8 4.7 1.1 .9 1.4 .7 4.5 .6 1.1 2.9 41.0 6*0 2.6 5.0 7.7 5.0 10.3 .2 .5 .3 - 1.2 2.2 .7 .7 6.6 - - S e e footnotes at en d of tables. 13 - .1 .8 .2 • .3 .4 - - .4 .1 .5 .1 .3 .1 .1 .2 .2 .4 2.7 .3 Table B-3. Scheduled weekly hours and days of full-time first-shift workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 Pl an t w o r k e r s Item All industries Office w o r k e r s Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 100 10 0 100 1 (10) “ (lot 3 6 1 3 - Pu b l i c utilities All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Pu b l i c utilities PERCENT OF WORKERS BY SCHEDULED WEEKLY HOURS AND DAYS 10 0 HOURS-5 DAYS ---------------------HOURS -------------------------------------- (10) 1 1 (10) 2 3 (10) 3 “ (10) 82 1 81 1 2 1 (10) 1 3 1 (10) 2 2 (10) (10) 1/2 -----------------------------------5 DAYS -----------------------------------3 2 1 / 2 HOURS-5 DAYS ---------------------3 4 1 / 2 HOURS-6 DAYS ---------------------3 5 HOURS-5 D A Y S ----- — -----------------3 7 HOURS-5 DAYS ----- ---------------------3 7 1 / 2 HOURS-5 DAYS ---------------------3 8 HOURS-5 DAYS ---------------------------3 8 3 / 4 HOURS-5 DAYS — ---------------------- ---------4 0 H O U R S ------------------------------------------------------------- --— 4 d a y s --------------------------------------------- — --------------a 42 42 44 45 46 47 48 50 da ys 5 d a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS --------------------------------------------------1 / 2 HOURS-5 DAYS ---------------------------------------HOURS --------------------------------------------------------------------5 DAYS -----------------------------------------------------------------5 1 / 2 D A Y S ------------ • ------------------------------------------HOURS-5 DAYS --------------------------------------------------HOURS-6 DAYS -------------------------------------------------1 / 2 H O U R S - 5 D A Y S ---------------------------------------HOURS --------------------------------------------------------------------5 DAYS -----------------------------------------------------------------6 D A Y S ---------------------------------------------------------- ------HOURS-5 DAYS --------------------------------------------------av e r a g e w e ek ly 1 1 - 2 “ “ (10) 93 1 91 1 2 ( 10) - - 10 0 loo 10 0 10 0 - - - - - - - - - - (10) 2 13 (10) 3 82 (10) 1 5 - 6 88 2 17 (10) 2 79 - -» T 3 31 - 73 (10) 72 86 - - - - - 86 82 88 79 66 * “ - - 3 2 1 1 4 1 10 5 5 4 - - “ - 66 “ - “ - - 4 3 1 1 * * O O ALL F U L L - T I M E WORKERS --------------- 40.1 40.6 - “ * “ * * 39.5 39.7 39.5 39.1 SCHEDULED HOURS ALL WEEKLY WORK SCHEDULES ------------------------- ■P o o 27 30 See footnote at end of tables. 14 Table B-4. Annual paid holidays for full-time workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 Pl a n t w o r k e r s Office w o r k e r s Item All industries PERCENT ALL IN OF FULL-TIME Manufacturing N o n m anuf actur ing Pu b l i c utilities All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing P u b l i c utilities 10 0 loo 10 0 100 100 100 100 5 - 9 - (10) • (1 0 ) 95 10 0 9l 10 0 99 10 0 99 100 8.0 9.3 6.8 8.6 8.5 9.8 8 .0 8.9 - - - WORKERS WORKERS --------------- NOT PROVIDING P A I D H O L I D A Y S ---------------------------IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S P R O V I D I N G P A I D H O L I D A Y S --------------------------- 100 es t a b l i s h m e n t s AVERAGE NUMBER FOR WORKERS PROVIDING OF PAID HOLIDAYS IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S H O L I D A Y S --------------------- P E RC EN T OF W O RK ER S BY NU MB ER OF P A I D H O L I D A Y S P R O V I D E D 1 2 3 4 5 H O L I D A Y ----------------------- -----------H O L I D A Y S --------- ------------------------H O L I D A Y S ----------------------------------H O L I D A Y S ----------------------------------H O L I D A Y S ----------------------------------P L U S 2 H A L F D A Y S ---------------------6 H O L I D A Y S ----------------------------------P L U S 1 h a l f O A Y ----------------------7 H O L I D A Y S ----------------------------------P L U S 1 H A L F D A Y ----------------------P L U S 2 H A L F D A Y S ---------------------P L U S 4 H A L F D A Y S ---------------------8 H O L I D A Y S ----------------------------------P L U S 2 H A L F D A Y S ---------------------9 H O L I D A Y S ----------------------------------P L U S 1 H A L F D A Y ----------------------IQ H O L I D A Y S --------------------------------11 H O L I D A Y S --------------------------------12 H O L I D A Y S --------------------------------P L U S 2 H A L F D A Y S ---------------------1 3 H O L I D A Y S --------------------------------PERCENT PAID h OF WORKERS o li day time 2 4 (10) 1 2 16 1 13 1 (10) - _ 1 (10) - _ 4 6 2 3 - 7 1 11 . . . 23 14 3 1 - 18 . 3 26 8 42 . 11 16 6 1 1 - 2 39 28 3 - (10) 1 “ - 95 93 89 88 86 70 57 55 47 27 100 100 98 98 98 90 79 79 76 50 50 43 1 1 91 87 81 79 76 52 38 35 23 10 0 10 0 10 0 8 20 6 20 1 - 10 - 1 1 2 (ip> 17 (10) 8 1 (10) 7 (10) 37 2 5 17 (10) (10) (10) (10) . • 8 (10) 7 2 21 4 57 1 1 1 3 (1 0 ) 21 9 1 (10) 9 1 43 3 • • • 13 6 - •> - 2 •44 6 30 1 (10) 1 - 3 * 1 BY T O T A L P R O V I D E D 11 1 D A Y O R M O R E -----------------------------2 D A Y S O R M O R E ----------------------------4 D A Y S O R M O R E ----------------------------5 D A Y S O R M O R E --------- ------------------6 D A Y S O R M O R E ------ ---------------------7 D A Y S O R M O R E ------ --------------------7 1 / 2 D A Y S O R M O R E ----------------------8 D A Y S O R M O R E ----------------------------9 D A Y S O R M O R E ----------------------------9 1 / 2 D A Y S O R M O R E ----------------------10 D A Y S O R M O R E ---------------------------11 d a y s O R M O R E ---------------------------12 D A Y S O R M O R t ------------- ------------1 3 D A Y S --------------------------------------- 27 21 1 (10) 100 10 0 82 72 72 70 31 31 3 - 7 7 2 1 S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s . 15 99 99 99 99 97 79 71 70 63 26 23 18 1 1 100 10 0 10 0 99 99 91 84 84 83 62 62 58 1 1 99 99 99 98 96 74 66 64 55 11 8 2 1 1 100 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 87 81 81 79 35 35 4 3 3 Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 Plant w o r k e r s Item O ffic e w o r k e r s A ll in d u s trie s M an u factu rin g N on m anufacturing P u b lic u t ilitie s A ll in d u s trie s M an u factu rin g N onm an u factu rin g P u b lic u tilitie s 10 0 10 0 100 100 10 0 lo o 10 0 100 2 - 3 - (10) - (10> 98 95 10 0 95 3 5 97 96 1 10 0 10 0 • 99 99 (10) 100 99 (10) 99 99 (10) 100 10 0 • 8 8 2 - 10 <s 1 - 6 9 2 28 5 5 23 A 10 8 - 29 26 - - * * 5 29 2 A (10) 1 YEAR OF SERVICE* U N D E R 1 W E E K ------------------------1 W E E K ---------------------------------O V E R 1 A N D U N D E R 2 W E E K S -------2 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 2 A N U U N O E R 3 W E E K S -------3 W E E K S -------------------------------- 1 68 A 22 (10) 1 1 79 59 * 36 (10) 63 1 * 59 2 YEARS OF SERVICE* I W E E K ---------------------------------O V E R 1 A N D U N D E R 2 W E E K S -------2 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 2 A N D U N D E R 3 W E E K S -------3 W E E K S ------------ ------------------- PERCENT ALL OF FULL-TIME WORKERS WORKERS --------------- IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S N O T P R O V I D I N G P A I D V A C A T I O N S -------------------------IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S P R O V I D I N G P A I O V A C A T I O N S -------------------------L E N G T H - O F - T I M E P A Y M E N T ------------P E R C E N T A G E P A Y M E N T ------------------AMOUNT OF PAID VACATION A F T E R * 12 6 MO N T H S OF SERVICE* U N D E R 1 W E E K --- --------------------1 W E E K --------------------------------O V E R 1 A N D U N D E R 2 W E E K S -------2 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 2 A N U U N O E R 3 W E E K S -------- A A 12 2 30 (10> * A6 5 A5 1 1 68 7 23 2 28 YEARS OF SERVICE* 1 W E E K --------------------------------O V E R 1 A N D U N D E R 2 W E E K S -------2 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 2 A N O U N D E R 3 W E E K S -------3 W E E K S -------------------------------- 8 6 79 3 1 7 12 76 3 3 YEARS OF SERVICE* 1 W E E K --------------------------------O V E R 1 A N D U N D E R 2 W E E K S — ----2 WEEKS — — — — — — — — — O V E R 2 A N D U N D E R 3 W E E K S — ----3 W E E K S -------------------------------- 82 3 1 5 YEARS OF SERVICE* 1 WEEK — — — — — — — — — — O V E R 1 A N D U N D E R 2 W E E K S — ----2 WEEKS — — — — — — — — — O V E R 2 A N O U N D E R 3 W E E K S -------3 WEEKS 4 W E E K S -------------------------------- 5 (10) A6 8 38 (10) 3 A 7 5 5 10 80 3 3 3 30 11 55 3 - A 64 1 (10> 8 2 83 A A (10) 6 1 60 5 24 1 S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le s . 78 9 13 “ * 28 (10) 71 1 10 6 78 6 - 6 (10) 92 1 (10) 3 (10) 93 3 (10) 7 (10) 92 1 (10) 2 2 86 9 1 1 94 1 2 1 (10) 90 3 6 2 1 96 1 1 2 88 9 * 1 1 94 1 2 1 (10) 90 3 6 2 1 96 1 1 “ 84 9 7 (10) 1 62 (10) 21 A 74 1 (10) 1 79 6 14 (10) 8 1 83 16 3 (10) 5 32 (10) 7 (10) 90 3 * 2 • * 2 39 * 7 - 92 2 * 2 93 2 3 2 93 2 3 87 2 11 Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976— Continued Pl a n t w o r k e r s Office w o r k e r s Item All industries AMOUNT OF PAID CONTINUED VACATION Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing A 1A 2 53 2 22 (10) 3 13 2 33 3 A6 1 12 Y E A R S O F S E R V I C E : 1 W E E K --------------------------------2 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 2 A N D U N D E R 3 W E E K S -------3 . W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 3 A N D U N D E R A W E E K S -------A W E E K S -------------------------------6 W E E K S --------- ---------------------- A 10 2 57 2 23 (10) 3 7 2 38 3 48 1 73 15 Y E A R S O F S E R V I C E : 1 W E E K --------------------------------2 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 2 A N D U N O E R 3 W E E K S -------3 WEEKS — — — — — — — — O V E R 3 A N D U N D E R A W E E K S -------A WEEKS — — — — — — — — — O V E R A A N D U N D E R 5 W E E K S -------6 W E E K S -------------------------------- A 7 1 A1 2 A3 (10) (10) 3 3 32 1 61 • 1 5 10 2 50 2 27 (10) * 25 All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing - (10) 12 1 64 i 22 (10) (10) A 1 27 3 6A 1 (10) 15 1 79 (10) A “ A 93 2 2 - 2 85 9 A - (10) 11 1 65 2 22 (10) (10) 2 1 28 3 6A 1 (10) 1A 1 80 1 A - A 90 - (10) 8 (10) 37 3 50 (10) (10) (10) 2 23 1 73 • 1 (10) 11 1 A3 A A1 (10) A 66 29 2 - (10) 8 (10) 12 (10) 57 1 20 (10) (10) 2 9 • 22 3 62 1 (10) 10 (10) 1A (10) 72 (10) 3 - A 2 - (10) 8 (10) 10 (10) AA 1 35 1 (10) 2 8 19 3 67 1 (10) 10 (10) 11 (10) 5A 1 22 1 Pu b l i c utilities A F T E R 12- 10 Y E A R S O F S E R V I C E : 1 WEEK 2 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 2 A N D U N D E R 3 W E E K S -------3 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 3 A N D U N D E R A W E E K S -------A W E E K S -------------------------------6 W E E K S -------------------------------- 20 Pu b l i c utilities 71 85 9 A 2 2 - 5 12 2 2 2 - OF SERVICE: — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — A N D U N D E R 3 W E E K S -------— — — — — — — — A N D U N D E R A W E E K S — ----— — — — — — — — — A N O U N D E R 5 W E E K S — ----— — — — — — — — -------------------------------- A 6 1 23 1 39 1 22 (10) 3 3 • 20 1 26 A7 1 5 9 2 26 (10) 51 2 1 - YEARS 1 WEEK 2 WEEKS O V E R :2 3 WEEKS OVER 3 A WEEKS OVER A 5 WEEKS 6 WEEKS OF SERVICE: — — — — — — — — — -------------------------------A N D U N D E R 3 W E E K S --------------------------------------A N D U N D E R A W E E K S -------— — — — — — — — A N D U N D E R 5 W E E K S -------— — — — — — — — — — — -------------------------------- A 6 1 19 (10) 26 1 A0 (10) 3 3 1A - 5 9 2 2A (10) 29 2 25 23 - 2 • 2 YEARS 1 WEEK 2 WEEKS O V E R .2 3 WEEKS OVER 3 A WEEKS OVER A 5 WEEKS 6 WEEKS 57 1 • 5 1A 2 83 7 5 3 2 • 7 • 80 9 1 - 2 7 15 9 65 1 (10) S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s . 17 5 2 - 8 3 2 9 - A 2 15 2 71 6 Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976— Continued Plant w o r k e r s Item AM OUNT OF P A ID CONTINUED 30 VACATION All industries Manufacturing Office w o r k e r s Nonmanufacturing Pu b l i c utilities All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing (10) 2 • 8 (10) 10 (10) 11 (10) 54 1 22 1 (10) 2 8 18 Pu bl ic utilities A F T E R 12- YEARS OF SERVICEt 1 W E E K --------------------------------2 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 2 A N D U N D E R 3 W E E K S -------3 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 3 A N D U N D E R 4 W E E K S -------4 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 4 A N O U N D E R 5 W E E K S -------5 W E E K S -------------------------------6 W E E K S --------- ---- ---------- ------ 4 6 1 19 (10) 25 1 40 1 MAXIMUM VACATION AVAILABLE! 1 W E E K --------------------------------2 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 2 A N D U N D E R 3 W E E K S -------3 W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R 3 A N D U N D E R 4 W E E K S -------A W E E K S -------------------------------O V E R A A N D U N D E R 5 W E E K S -------5 W E E K S -------------------------------6 W E E K S ------------ ------------------- 4 6 1 19 (10) 25 1 39 1 2 14 23 55 2 5 9 2 24 (10) 28 2 27 (10> 7 9 73 1 (10) 8 (10) 10 (10) 43 1 36 1 3 3 14 23 55 2 5 9 2 24 (10) 28 2 26 1 2 7 * 7 9 73 1 (10) 8 (10) 10 (10) 43 1 36 2 3 3 - - 7 - S e e footnotes at e n d of tables. 18 - 18 70 2 70 2 (10) 10 (10) 11 (10) 54 1 22 2 - 4 • 2 - 13 2 73 6 - 4 - 2 . 12 2 74 6 Table B-6. Health, insurance, and pension plans for full-time workers in Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1976 Pl a n t w o r k e r s Office w o r k e r s Item All industries PERCENT ALL OF FULL-TIME Manufacturing N o a m anuf actur ing Pu b l i c utilities All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Pu b l i c utilities WORKERS WORKERS --------------- 100 10 0 10 0 10 0 100 10 0 100 100 IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S P R O V I D I N G AT LEAST ONE OF THE BE NE FI TS S H O W N B E L O W 1 3 ------------------------------ 99 10 0 96 10 0 99 10 0 99 10 0 L I F E I N S U R A N C E ----------------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S ---------------- 96 66 98 8? 94 53 10 0 75 98 6d 99 79 97 63 100 79 ACCI DE NT AL DE AT H AND D I S M E M B E R M E N T I N S U R A N C E -------- -----n o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l an s ---------------- 65 AO 46 35 81 44 80 74 72 45 38 24 86 54 75 73 SICKNESS OR SICK 64 52 75 92 90 92 90 92 48 33 51 35 45 31 70 62 46 32 31 25 52 36 37 35 28 24 32 57 56 84 45 90 AND AC CIDENT INSURANCE L E A V E O R B O T H ' 4 ---------------- SI CK NE SS AND ACCIDENT I N S U R A N C E --------- ---------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S ----- -------SICK LE A V E (FULL PAY AND NO W A I T I N G P E R I O O ) — --------------------S I C K L E A V E ( P A R T I A L PA Y OR W A I T I N G P E R I O D ) ------------- -------- 8 1 14 4 7 1 9 * LONG-TERM DISABILITY I N S U R A N C E ----------------------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S ---------------- 26 16 21 13 30 19 43 41 53 41 80 69 42 30 52 45 H O S P I T A L I Z A T I O N I N S U R A N C E ------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S ---------------- 99 59 100 78 97 43 100 73 97 58 99 78 96 50 10 0 76 S U R G I C A L I N S U R A N C E ----------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS — — — ------ 99 59 100 78 97 43 10 0 73 97 58 99 78 96 50 10 0 76 MEDICAL INSURANCE NONCONTRIBUTORY 97 58 97 76 97 43 10 0 73 97 58 99 78 96 50 10 0 76 ------------------------------- 93 53 88 66 97 43 10 0 73 97 57 99 75 96 50 10 0 76 D E N T A L I N S U R A N C E -------------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y p l a n s ---------------- 11 7 5 3 15 11 44 31 9 6 5 4 11 6 50 32 RETIREMENT 76 61 89 78 66 47 66 45 81 66 94 87 76 57 74 54 ma jo r me d i c a l ---------------------------------------- plans in su ran ce NONCONTRIBUTORY PENSION n o n c o n t r i b u t o r y PLANS ----------------------P L A N S ---------------- S e e footnotes at e n d of tables. 19 Footnotes L e s s than 0.05 p e r c e n t. L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t. 11 A ll co m b in a tio n s o f fu ll and h a lf days that add to the sa m e am ount are c o m b in e d ; fo r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r tio n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a total o f 1 0 days in clu d es th ose with 10 fu ll days and no h a lf d a y s , 9 fu ll days and 2 h alf d a y s , 8 fu ll days and 4 h a lf d a y s , and so on. P r o p o r t io n s then w e r e cu m u la ted. 12 In clu d es p a ym en ts oth e r than "len g th o f t i m e , " such as p e rce n ta g e o f annual ea rn in g s o r fla t -s u m p a y m en ts, c o n v e rte d to an equ ivalent tim e b a s is ; fo r ex a m p le , 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d as 1 w e e k 's pay. P e r io d s o f s e r v ic e are ch o s e n a r b it r a r ily and do not n e c e s s a r ily r e fle c t in dividu al p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s io n ; fo r e x a m p le , ch a n ges in p r o p o r tio n s at 10 y e a r s in clu de ch a n g es b etw een 5 and 10 y e a r s . E stim a tes are cu m u la tiv e . T hus, the p r o p o r t io n e lig ib le fo r at le a s t 3 w e e k s ' pay after 10 y e a r s in clu d es th ose e lig ib le fo r at le a s t 3 w e e k s ' pay after fe w e r y ea rs o f s e r v ic e . 13 E s tim a te s lis te d a fter type o f b e n e fit are f o r all plans fo r w hich at le a s t a p a rt o f the c o s t is b o rn e by the e m p lo y e r . "N o n c o n trib u to r y p la n s " in clu de on ly th ose fin a n ced e n tir e ly by the e m p lo y e r . E x clu d ed are le g a lly r e q u ir e d p la n s, su ch as w o r k e r s d is a b ilit y co m p e n sa tio n , s o c ia l s e c u r it y , and r a ilr o a d r e tir e m e n t. 14 U n du plicated total o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s ic k le a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a ccid e n t in su ra n ce show n s e p a r a te ly b e lo w . S ick le a v e plans are lim ite d to th ose w hich d e fin ite ly e s ta b lis h at le a s t the m in im u m n u m ber o f d a y s ' pay that each e m p lo y e e can e x p e ct. In fo rm a l s ic k le a v e a llow a n ces d eterm in ed on an in dividu al b a s is are ex clu d e d . A ll o f th ese stan dard fo o tn o te s m a y not apply to this b u lletin . 9 10 1 Standard h ou rs r e fle c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th eir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a te s ), and the ea rn in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th ese w eek ly h o u r s. 2 The m ea n is com p u ted fo r ea ch jo b by totalin g the ea rn in g s o f all w o r k e r s and d iv id in g by the n um ber o f w o r k e r s . The m ed ian d e s ig n a te s p o s itio n — h a lf o f the w o r k e r s r e c e iv e m o r e and h a lf r e c e iv e le s s than the rate show n. The m id d le ran ge is d efin ed by two r a te s o f pay: a fou rth o f the w o r k e r s ea rn le s s than the lo w e r o f th ese ra te s and a fou rth earn m o r e than the h igh er r a te . 3 E a rn in gs data re la te on ly to w o r k e r s w h ose s e x id e n tifica tio n w as p rov id ed by the esta b lis h m e n t. 4 E x clu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h olid a y s , and late s h ifts. 3 F o r m a lly e s ta b lis h e d m in im u m r e g u la r s t r a ig h t-tim e h irin g s a la r ie s that a r e paid f o r stan dard w o rk w e e k s . 6 E x clu d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c le r ic a l jo b s su ch as m e s s e n g e r . 7 D ata are p r e s e n te d fo r all standard w ork w eek s co m b in e d , and fo r the m o s t c o m m o n stan dard w o rk w e e k s r e p o r te d . 8 In clu des all plant w o r k e r s in e sta b lis h m e n ts c u r re n tly op era tin g la te s h ifts, and e sta b lis h m e n ts w h ose fo r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r la te sh ifts, even though the e sta b lis h m e n ts w e r e not c u r r e n tly op era tin g la te s h ifts. 20 Appendix A all in d u strie s co m b in e d . E a rn in gs data fo r so m e o f the occu p a tio n s lis te d and d e s c r ib e d , o r fo r so m e in d u stry d iv is io n s w ithin the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y , are not p r e s e n te d in the A - s e r i e s t a b le s , b e c a u s e e ith e r (1) em p loym en t in the occu p a tio n is to o s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it p r e se n ta tio n , o r (2) th e r e is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in div idu al esta b lish m en t data. Sep arate m e n 's and w o m e n 's earn in g s data a re not p r e s e n te d when the n u m ber o f w o r k e r s not id e n tifie d by se x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f the m en o r w om en id e n tifie d in an o c cu p a tio n . E a rn in gs data not show n s e p a ra te ly fo r in d u stry d iv is io n s a re in clu d ed in data fo r a ll in d u str ie s com b in ed . L ik e w is e , data a re in clu d ed in the o v e r a ll c la s s ific a t io n when a s u b c la s s ific a tio n o f e l e c tr o n ic s te c h n ic ia n s , s e c r e t a r ie s , o r tr u c k d r iv e r s is not shown o r in form a tion to s u b c la s s ify is not a v a ila b le . A r e a w age and re la te d b e n e fits data are obtain ed by p e r s o n a l v is it s o f B u reau fie ld r e p re s e n ta tiv e s at 3 -y e a r in te r v a ls . *1 In ea ch o f the in te r v e n ing y e a r s , in fo rm a tio n on em p loym en t and o c cu p a tio n a l ea rn in g s is c o lle c te d b y a com b in a tion o f p e r s o n a l v is it , m a il q u e s tio n n a ir e , and telep h on e in t e r v iew fr o m e sta b lis h m e n ts p a rticip a tin g in the p r e v io u s s u rv e y . In ea ch o f the 8 4 2 a re a s c u r re n tly su r v e y e d , data a re obtain ed fr o m r e p re s e n ta tiv e e sta b lish m e n ts w ithin six b r o a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M an u factu rin g; tr a n s p o rta tio n , com m u n ica tio n , and oth e r p u b lic u tilitie s ; w h o le sa le tr a d e ; r e ta il tr a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v ic e s . M a jo r in d u stry grou p s e x clu d ed fr o m th e se stud ies are g overn m en t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x tr a c tiv e in d u s tr ie s . E sta b lish m en ts having fe w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m ber o f w o r k e r s a re o m itte d b e c a u se o f in s u ffic ie n t em p loym en t in the occu p a tio n s stu d ied. S ep arate ta bu la tion s are p r o v id e d fo r ea ch o f the b ro a d in d u stry d iv is io n s w h ich m eet p u b lica tion c r it e r ia . O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t and ea rn in g s data are shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o se h ir e d to w ork a re g u la r w eek ly sch ed u le. E arn in gs data e x clu d e p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t im e and fo r w ork on w eek en d s, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. N on p rod u ction b on u ses a re e x clu d e d , but c o s t -o f-li v i n g a llow a n ces and in ce n tiv e b o n u se s are in clu d ed . W eek ly h ou rs fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l and p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o ccu p a tio n s r e fe r to the stan dard w orkw eek (roun ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf h ou r) fo r w h ich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e re g u la r s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e r tim e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a te s ). A v e ra g e w eek ly ea rn in g s fo r th e se o ccu p a tion s a re rounded to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . T h e se s u rv e y s are con d u cted on a sa m p le b a s is . The sa m plin g p r o c e d u r e s in v olv e d eta iled str a tific a tio n o f all e sta b lis h m e n ts w ithin the s c o p e o f an in div idu al a r e a su r v e y by in d u stry and n u m ber o f e m p lo y e e s . F r o m th is s tr a tifie d u n iv erse a p r o b a b ility sa m p le is s e le c t e d , w ith ea ch esta b lish m en t having a p r e d e te r m in e d chance o f s e le c t io n . To obtain optim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a te r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than s m a ll e s t a b lis h m en ts is s e le c t e d . When data are c o m b in e d , ea ch esta b lish m en t is w eigh ted a c c o r d in g to its p ro b a b ility o f s e le c t io n , so that u nbiased e stim a te s are g en e ra te d . F o r e x a m p le , if one out o f fo u r e sta b lish m e n ts is s e le c t e d , it is given a w eigh t o f fo u r to r e p re s e n t it s e lf plus th ree o th e r s . An altern a te o f the sa m e o r ig in a l p r o b a b ility is ch osen in the sa m e in d u s t r y -s iz e c l a s s i f i cation i f data a r e not a v a ila b le fr o m the o r ig in a l sa m p le m e m b e r . If no su itab le su bstitu te is a v a ila b le , ad dition a l w eigh t is a s sig n e d to a sa m p le m e m b e r that is s im ila r to the m is s in g unit. T h e se su r v e y s m e a s u r e the le v e l o f occu p a tio n a l earn in g s in .an a rea at a p a r t ic u la r tim e . C o m p a r is o n s o f in d iv id u al occu p a tion a l a v e ra g e s o v e r tim e m a y not r e fle c t e x p e cte d w age ch a n g es. The a v era g es fo r in dividu al jo b s a re a ffe c te d by changes in w ag es and em p loy m en t p a ttern s. F o r ex a m p le , p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d by h ig h - o r lo w -w a g e fir m s m a y change, o r h ig h -w a g e w o r k e r s m a y ad vance to b e tte r jo b s and be r e p la c e d b y new w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a te s . Such sh ifts in em p loym en t could d e c r e a s e an o c cu p a tio n a l a v e ra g e even though m o s t e sta b lish m en ts in an a re a in c r e a s e w ages during the y e a r . C hanges in earn in g s o f o ccu p a tio n a l g r o u p s , show n in ta b le A - 7, are b e tte r in d ic a to r s o f w age tren d s than a re earn in gs changes fo r in d iv id u al jo b s w ithin the g ro u p s. O ccu p ation s and ea rn in gs O ccu p a tion s s e le c t e d fo r study are co m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa ctu rin g and n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s , and a re o f the follow in g ty p e s : (1) O ffice c le r i c a l; (2) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; (3) m a in ten a n ce, t o o lr o o m , and p ow erp la n t; and (4) m a te r ia l m ov em en t and c u s to d ia l. O ccu p a tion a l c la s s ific a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo rm set o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d esig n ed to take accou n t o f in te r e sta b lish m e n t v a ria tio n in duties w ithin the sa m e jo b . O ccu p a tion s s e le c t e d fo r study are lis te d and d e s c r ib e d in appendix B. U n less o th e r w is e in d ica te d , the ea rn in gs data fo llo w in g the jo b title s a re fo r A v e ra g e ea rn in g s r e fle c t c o m p o s ite , area w id e e s tim a te s . In du stries and e sta b lis h m e n ts d iffe r in pay le v e l and jo b sta ffin g , and thus con trib u te d iffe r e n tly to the e s tim a te s f o r ea ch jo b . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y fa il to r e fle c t a c c u r a t e ly the w age d iffe r e n tia l am ong jo b s in in dividu al e s ta b lis h m e n ts. 1 Personal visits were on a 2-year cycle before July 1972. 2 Included in the 84 areas are 14 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Austin, Tex.; Binghamton, N. Y . —Pa.; Birmingham, Ala.; Fort Lauderdale—Hollywood and West Palm Beach—Boca Raton, Fla .; Lexington—Fayette, Ky.; Melbourne—Titusville—Cocoa, Fla.; Norfolk—Virginia Beach— Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va. —N. C. ; Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N .Y .; Raleigh— Durham, N .C .; Stamford, Conn.; Syracuse, N .Y .; Utica—Rome, N .Y .; and Westchester County, N.Y. In addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies in approximately 70 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department of Labor. 21 A v e ra g e pay le v e ls fo r m en and w om en in s e le c t e d occu p a tio n s sh ou ld not be a s su m e d to r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in pay o f the s e x e s within in div idu al e sta b lis h m e n ts . F a c to r s w hich m a y con trib u te to d iffe r e n c e s in clu d e p r o g r e s s io n w ithin e s ta b lis h e d rate ran ges (only the ra tes paid in cu m b en ts a re c o lle c t e d ) and p e r fo r m a n c e o f s p e c ific duties w ithin the g e n e r a l s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n s . Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed to c la s s ify e m p lo y e e s in th e se su r v e y s u su ally a re m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th o se u sed in in dividu al esta b lis h m e n ts and a llow f o r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong esta b lish m en ts in s p e c ific duties p e r fo r m e d . O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t e s tim a te s r e p re s e n t the tota l in a ll e s t a b lish m en ts w ithin the s c o p e o f the study and not the n u m ber a ctu ally s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o c cu p a tio n a l str u c tu r e s am ong esta b lis h m e n ts d iffe r , e stim a te s o f o c cu p a tio n a l em p loy m en t obtain ed fr o m the sa m p le o f esta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e la tiv e im p o rta n ce o f the jo b s stu d ied. T h e se d iffe r e n c e s in o c cu p a tio n a l stru c tu re do not a ffe c t m a te r ia lly the a c c u r a c y o f the ea rn in g s data. P e r c e n t changes fo r in div idu al a r e a s in the p r o g r a m are com pu ted as fo llo w s : 1. E a ch o c cu p a tio n is a s sig n e d a w eigh t b a se d on its p r o p ortion a te em p loy m en t in the o c cu p a tio n a l g rou p in the base y ear. 2. T h e se w eigh ts a re u sed to com pu te g rou p a v e r a g e s . E a ch o c c u p a t io n 's a v e ra g e (m ean ) ea rn in g s is m u ltip lied by its w eigh t. The p r o d u c ts a re to ta le d to obtain a group average. 3. The ra tio o f grou p a v e r a g e s fo r 2 c o n s e cu tiv e y e a r s is com p u ted by d ividin g the a v e r a g e fo r the cu rre n t y e a r b y the a v e ra g e fo r the e a r lie r y e a r . The resu lt— e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t— le s s 100 is the p e r c e n t change. W age tr e n d s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p a tio n a l grou ps The p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s p r e s e n te d in ta b le A - 7 a re b a se d on changes in a v e r a g e h o u rly ea rn in g s fo r e sta b lis h m e n ts re p o rtin g the tren d jo b s in both the c u rre n t and p r e v io u s y e a r (m a tch ed e s ta b lis h m e n ts ). T he data are a d ju sted to r e m o v e the e ffe c t on a v e ra g e ea rn in g s o f em p loy m en t sh ifts am ong e sta b lis h m e n ts and tu r n o v e r o f esta b lis h m e n ts in clu d ed in s u r v e y s a m p le s . The p e r c e n t in c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , are s t ill a ffe c te d by fa c to r s o th e r than w age in c r e a s e s . H ir in g s , la y o ffs , and tu r n o v e r m a y a ffe ct an e sta b lis h m e n t a v e ra g e fo r an o c cu p a tio n w hen w o r k e r s a re paid under plans p r o v id in g a ran ge o f w age ra tes fo r in d iv id u al jo b s . In p e r io d s o f in c r e a s e d h irin g , fo r e x a m p le , new e m p lo y e e s en ter at the b o tto m o f the ra n g e, d e p r e s s in g the a v e r a g e w ithout a change in w age r a te s . F o r a m o r e d eta iled d e s c r ip tio n o f the m eth od u sed to com pu te th e se w age t r e n d s , se e "Im p r o v in g A r e a W age S u rvey I n d e x e s ," M onthly L a b or R e v ie w , Janu ary 1973, pp. 5 2 -5 7 . E s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e p r o v is io n s The p e r c e n t ch a n ges r e la te to w age ch a n ges b etw een the in d ica ted d a tes. When the tim e span b etw een s u rv e y s is o th e r than 12 m on th s, annual ra tes a re show n. (It is a s su m e d that w ag es in c r e a s e at a constan t rate betw een s u r v e y s .) The in c id e n c e o f s e le c t e d esta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v is io n s is stud ied fo r plant w o r k e r s and o f f ic e w o r k e r s . P lant w o r k e r s in clu d e n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s and w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s en gaged in n o n o ffic e fu n ctio n s. (C a fe te r ia w o r k e r s and route w o r k e r s a re e x clu d e d in m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s , but in clu d e d in n on m an u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s .) O ffic e w o r k e r s in clu d e n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s and w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r re la te d fu n c tio n s. L ead w o r k e r s and tr a in e e s are in clu d ed am ong n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s . A d m in is tr a tiv e , e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s and c o n s tr u c tio n w o r k e r s u tiliz e d as sep a ra te w ork fo r c e s a re e x clu d e d fr o m both the plant and o ffic e w o r k e r c a t e g o r ie s . O c c u p a tio n s u s e d to c o m p u te w a g e tr e n d s a r e : O ffic e c l e r i c a l (m en and w om en-): E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g (m en and w om en )— Continued S e c r e t a r ie s S te n o g r a p h e rs , g e n e r a l S te n o g r a p h e rs , s e n io r T y p is t s , c la s s e s A and B F ile c le r k s , c la s s e s A , B , and C M essen g ers O r d e r c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B A ccou n tin g c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B P a y r o ll c le r k s K eypunch o p e r a t o r s , c la s s e s A and B T a b u la tin g -m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s , c la s s B C om p u ter p r o g r a m m e r s , c la s s e s A , B , and C C om p u ter o p e r a t o r s , c la s s e s A , B , and C E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g (m en and w o m e n ): C om p u ter s y s te m s a n a ly s ts , c la s s e s A , B , and C M in im u m e n tra n ce s a la r ie s (table B - l ) . M in im u m en tra n ce s a la r ie s fo r o ffic e w o r k e r s r e la te on ly to the e sta b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . B e c a u se o f the op tim u m sa m p lin g tech n iq u es u sed and the p r o b a b ility that la r g e e s t a b lis h m en ts a r e m o r e lik e ly than s m a ll e sta b lis h m e n ts to have fo r m a l en tra n ce ra tes a b ove the s u b c le r ic a l le v e l, the ta b le is m o r e r e p re s e n ta tiv e o f p o lic ie s in m e d iu m and la rg e e sta b lis h m e n ts . In d u stria l n u r s e s (m en and w o m e n ): R e g is te r e d in d u stria l n u rse s Shift d iffe r e n t ia ls — m a n u fa ctu rin g (table B - 2 ) . Data w e re c o lle c te d on p o lic ie s o f m an u factu rin g e sta b lis h m e n ts r e g a rd in g pay d iffe r e n tia ls fo r plant w o r k e r s on late sh ifts . E s ta b lis h m e n ts c o n s id e r e d as having p o lic ie s a re th o se w h ich (1) have p r o v is io n s in w ritin g c o v e r in g the op e ra tio n o f late s h ifts , o r (2) have o p e r a te d late sh ifts at any tim e during the 12 m onths p r e c e d in g a s u rv e y . W hen e sta b lis h m e n ts have s e v e r a l d iffe r e n tia ls w h ich v a r y b y jo b , the d iffe r e n tia l applying to the m a jo r it y o f the plant w o r k e r s is r e c o r d e d . When esta b lis h m e n ts have d iffe r e n t ia ls w h ich apply on ly to certa in h ou rs o f w o rk , the d iffe r e n tia l applying to the m a jo r it y o f the shift h ou rs is record ed . S k illed m a in ten an ce (m en and w o m e n ): C a rp en ters E le ct r ic ia n s P a in te rs M a ch in ists M e ch a n ics (m a ch in ery ) M ech a n ics (m o to r v e h ic le ) P ip e fitte r s T o o l and die m a k e rs F o r p u rp o s e s o f th is study, a la te sh ift is e ith e r a se c o n d (even in g) sh ift w h ich ends at o r n ea r m idn igh t o r a th ird (night) sh ift w hich sta r ts at o r n ea r m idnigh t. U n sk illed plant (m en and w o m e n ): J a n ito r s , p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s M a te r ia l handling la b o r e r s D iffe re n tia ls fo r s e c o n d and th ir d sh ifts a re su m m a r iz e d s e p a r a te ly fo r (1) e sta b lis h m e n t p o li c ie s (an e s ta b lis h m e n t's d iffe r e n tia ls are w eigh ted by 22 a ll plant w o r k e r s in the esta b lish m en t at the tim e o f the su r v e y ) and (2) e ffe c t iv e p r a c t ic e s (an e s ta b lis h m e n t's d iffe r e n tia ls are w eigh ted by plant w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d sh ift at the tim e o f the su r v e y ). w h ich the e m p lo y e r has co n trib u te d , o r (3) b orn e d ir e c tly b y the e m p lo y e r out o f op era tin g funds o r a fund set asid e to c o v e r the c o s t. A plan is in clu d ed even though a m a jo r it y o f the e m p lo y e e s in an esta b lish m en t do not c h o o s e to p a rticip a te in it b e c a u s e they a re re q u ire d to b e a r pa rt o f its cost (p r o v id e d the c h o ic e to p a rticip a te is a v a ila b le o r w ill ev en tu a lly b e c o m e a v a ila b le to a m a jo r it y ). L e g a lly r e q u ire d plans su ch as s o c ia l s e c u r it y , r a il road r e tir e m e n t, w o r k e r s ' d is a b ility co m p e n sa tio n , and te m p o r a r y d is a b ility in su r a n ce 3 are e x clu d e d . S ch ed u led w eek ly h o u r s ; pa id h o lid a y s ; pa id v a c a tio n s ; and h ea lth , in s u r a n c e , and p en sion p la n s . P r o v is io n s w h ich apply to a m a jo r ity o f the plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s in an e sta b lis h m e n t a re c o n s id e r e d to apply to all plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s in the e s ta b lis h m e n t; a p r a c t ic e o r p r o v is io n is c o n s id e r e d n on ex isten t when it a p p lies to le s s than a m a jo r ity . H olid a y s; v a c a tio n s ; and h ealth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n sio n plans a re c o n s id e r e d a p p lica b le to e m p lo y e e s c u r re n tly e lig ib le fo r the b e n e fits as w e ll as to e m p lo y e e s who w ill even tu a lly b e c o m e e lig ib le . th rou gh A c c id e n ta l death and d is m e m b e r m e n t is lim ite d to plans w hich p r o v id e b en efit pa ym en ts in c a se o f death o r lo s s o f lim b o r sight as a d ir e c t re s u lt o f an a ccid e n t. S ch edu led w eek ly h ours and days (table B - 3 ) . S ch ed u led w eek ly h ou rs and days r e fe r to the n u m ber o f h ou rs and days p e r w eek w h ich fu ll tim e fir s t (day) sh ift w o r k e r s a re e x p e cte d to w o rk , w h eth er p a id fo r at s tr a ig h t-tim e o r o v e r t im e ra te s . S ick n e ss and a ccid e n t in su r a n ce in clu d es on ly th ose plans w hich p r o v id e that p r e d e te r m in e d ca sh p a ym en ts be m ade d ir e c tly to e m p lo y e e s who lo s e tim e fr o m w ork b e c a u s e o f illn e s s o r in ju ry , e .g ., $ 50 a w eek fo r up to 26 w eek s o f d is a b ility . P a id h olid a y s (table B - 4 ) . H olid ays are in clu d ed on ly i f they are gra n ted annually on a fo r m a l b a s is (p ro v id e d f o r in w ritten fo r m o r e sta b lis h e d by cu stom ) and e m p lo y e e s are paid f o r the tim e o ff. T h ey are in clu d ed even though in a p a r tic u la r y e a r they fa ll on a n onw orkd ay and e m p lo y e e s are not gra n ted an oth er day o ff. S ick le a v e plans a re lim ite d to fo r m a l p la n s 4 w hich p r o v id e fo r continu in g an e m p lo y e e 's pay during a b se n ce fr o m w ork b e c a u se o f illn e s s . Data c o lle c t e d d istin g u ish betw een (1) plans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pay w ith no w aitin g p e r io d , and (2) plans w hich e ith er p r o v id e p a rtia l pay o r r e q u ire a w aitin g p e r io d . Data a re tabu lated to show the p e r ce n t o f w o r k e r s who (1) are granted s p e c ific n u m b ers o f w hole and h a lf h olid a y s and (2) are gra n ted s p e c ifie d am ounts o f to ta l h olid a y tim e (w hole and h a lf h olid a y s a re a g g reg a ted ). L o n g -t e r m d is a b ility in su ra n ce plans p r o v id e paym ents to tota lly d is a b le d e m p lo y e e s upon the e x p ira tio n o f th e ir paid s ick lea ve a n d /o r s i c k n ess and a ccid e n t in s u r a n c e , o r a fter a p r e d e te r m in e d p e r io d o f d is a b ility (ty p ic a lly 6 m on th s). P a y m en ts a re m ade until the end o f the d is a b ility , a m a x im u m a g e, o r e lig ib ilit y fo r re tir e m e n t b e n e fits . F u ll o r p a rtia l p a y m en ts a r e a lm o s t alw ays re d u ce d by s o c ia l s e c u r it y , w o r k e r s ' d is a b ility c o m p e n sa tio n , and p r iv a te p en sion b en efits payable to the d is a b le d e m p lo y e e . P a id v a ca tion s (table B - 5 ) . E sta b lish m en ts re p o rt th e ir m eth od o f ca lcu la tin g v a ca tion pay (tim e b a s is , p e r ce n t o f annual e a r n in g s, fla t-s u m pa ym en t, e t c .) and the am ount o f v a ca tion pay g ra n ted. O nly b a s ic fo r m a l plans a re r e p o rte d . V a ca tion b o n u s e s , v a c a tio n -s a v in g s p la n s, and "e x te n d e d " o r " s a b b a t ic a l" b en efits b eyon d b a s ic plans a re ex clu d ed . H o sp ita liz a tio n , s u r g ic a l, and m e d ic a l in su ra n ce plans r e p o rte d in th e se s u r v e y s p r o v id e fu ll o r p a rtia l paym ent fo r b a s ic s e r v ic e s ren d e re d . 3 Temporary disability insurance which provides benefits to covered workers disabled by injury or illness which is not work-connected is mandatory under State laws in California, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. Establishment plans which meet only the legal requirements are excluded from these data, but those under which (1) employers contribute more than is legally required or (2) benefits exceed those specified in the State law are included. In Rhode Island, benefits are paid out of a State fund to which only employees contribute. In each of the other three States, benefits are paid either from a State fund or through a private plan: F o r tabulating v a ca tio n pay g ra n ted, all p r o v is io n s a r e e x p r e s s e d on a tim e b a s is . V a ca tio n pay ca lcu la te d on oth e r than a tim e b a s is is co n v e rte d to its equ ivalen t tim e p e r io d . Tw o p e r ce n t o f annual e a r n in g s, fo r e x a m p le , is ta bu la ted as 1 w e e k 's v a ca tion pay. State fund financing:In California, only employees contribute to the State fund; in New Jersey, employees and employers contribute; in New York, employees contribute up to a specified maximum and employers pay the difference between the employees' share and the total contribution required. A ls o , p r o v is io n s a fte r ea ch s p e c ifie d length o f s e r v ic e a re re la te d to a ll plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s in an esta b lish m en t r e g a r d le s s o f length o f s e r v ic e . V a ca tio n plans c o m m o n ly p r o v id e f o r la r g e r amount o f v a ca tio n pay as s e r v ic e len g th en s. Counts o f plant o r o ffic e w o r k e r s by length o f s e r v ic e w e r e not ob ta in ed . The tabu lation s o f v a ca tio n pay granted p r e s e n t s , t h e r e f o r e , s t a t is t ic a l m e a s u r e s o f th ese p r o v is io n s ra th er than p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s a ctu a lly r e c e iv in g s p e c ific b e n e fits . Private plan financing: In California and New Jersey, employees cannot be required to contribute more than they would if they were covered by the State fund; in New York, employees can agree to contribute more if the State rules that the additional contribution is commensurate with the benefit provided. Federal legislation (Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act) provides temporary disability insurance benefits to railroad workers for illness or injury, whether work-connected or not. The legislation requires that employers bear the entire cost of the insurance. 4 An establishment is considered as having a formal plan if it specifies at least the minimum number of days of sick leave available to each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. H ealth, in s u r a n ce , and p en sion plans (table B - 6 ) . H ealth, in s u r a n ce , and p en sion plans in clu d e plans f o r w hich the e m p lo y e r pays e ith e r all o r pa rt o f the c o s t. The c o s t m ay be (1) u n d erw ritten b y a c o m m e r c ia l in su ra n ce com pa n y o r n on p rofit o r g a n iz a tio n , (2) c o v e r e d by a union fund to L ife in su r a n ce in clu d e s fo r m a l plans p ro v id in g in dem n ity (u su ally an in su r a n ce p o lic y ) in c a se o f death o f the c o v e r e d w o r k e r . 23 H o sp ita liza tio n in su ra n ce c o v e r s h o sp ita l r o o m and b o a rd and m a y c o v e r oth e r h o sp ita l e x p e n s e s. S u r g ic a l in su ra n ce c o v e r s s u r g e o n s ' fe e s . M e d ica l in su ra n ce c o v e r s d o c t o r s ' fe e s f o r h o m e , o f f ic e , o r h osp ita l c a lls . Plans r e s t r ic t e d to p o s t -o p e r a t iv e m e d ic a l c a r e o r a d o c t o r 's c a r e fo r m in o r a ilm en ts at a w o r k e r 's p la c e o f em p loy m en t are not c o n s id e r e d to be m e d ic a l in su r a n ce . "d e d u c tib le " (e .g ., $ 5 0 ) be m et b e fo r e b en efit , b e g in , (2) has a c o in s u ra n c e fea tu re that r e q u ir e s the in su r e d to pay a p o r tio n ( e .g ., 20 p e r c e n t) o f c e rta in e x p e n s e s , and (3) has a s p e c ifie d c o lla r m a x im u m o f b e n e fits (e .g ., $ 10, 000 a y e a r ). M a jo r m e d ic a l in su ra n ce c o v e r a g e a p p lies to s e r v ic e s w hich go b eyon d the b a s ic s e r v ic e s c o v e r e d under h o s p ita liz a tio n , s u r g ic a l, and m e d ic a l in s u r a n ce . M a jo r m e d ic a l in su ra n ce ty p ic a lly (1) r e q u ir e s that a R e tire m e n t p e n sio n plans p r o v id e fo r re g u la r paym en ts to the r e tir e e fo r life . In clu ded a re d e fe r r e d p r o fit -s h a r in g plans w h ich p r o v id e the option o f p u rch a sin g a life t im e annuity. D ental in su r a n ce plans p r o v id e n o r m a l den tal s e r v ic e b e n e fit s , u su ally fo r fillin g s , e x tr a c tio n s , and X - r a y s . P la n s w h ich p r o v id e b en efits on ly fo r o r a l s u r g e r y o r re p a ir in g a ccid en t dam age a re not re p o rte d . 24 Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Norfolk— Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N .C .,1 May 1976 N u m b e r of es ta bl i s h m e n t s Minimum employment in establish m e n t s in s c o p e of st ud y In du st ry d i v i si on2 W i t h i n sc o p e of s t u d y 3 544 ALL D I V I S I O N S ---------------------------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------------------------------------------------T R AN S P OR TA TIO N, COMMUNICATION, AND OTHER p u b l i c U T I L I T I E S 5 -----------------------------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE -------------------------------------------------------------------re ta il TRADE --------------------------------------------------------------------------FI N A N C E , INSURANCE, AND HEAL E S T A T E ----------------S ERV ICE S -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- W o r k e r s in esta bl is hm en ts W i t h i n sc o p e of study Studied Total4 Studied Number Percent Full-time plant w o r k e r s 165 123,357 100 80,381 15,246 78,847 43 57 36,822 43,559 4,472 10,774 42,670 36,177 10 5 28 5 9 7,577 (6) 1,929 <6 ) 9,808 1,744 14,303 3,333 6,989 50 - 132 412 48 117 52,597 70,760 50 50 50 50 50 49 67 16 7 47 82 21 14 37 14 31 12,622 5,919 34,203 6,662 11,354 <6 ) <6 ) <6 > Full-time office w o r k e r s Total4 <6 ) ) <6 ) 1 The N orfolk —V ir g in ia B e a c h -P o r t s m o u t h and N ew port News—H am pton Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tic a l A r e a s , as d e fin e d b y the O ffic e o f M an agem en t and B u dget th rou gh F e b r u a r y 1974, c o n s is t o f the c it ie s o f C h esap eak e, H am pton, N ew p ort N ew s, N o rfo lk , P o q u o s o n , P o r ts m o u th , S u ffo lk , V ir g in ia B e a ch , and W illia m s b u r g , V a .; and the c ou n ties o f G lo u c e s t e r , Jam es C ity, and Y ork , V a ., and C u rritu ck , N .C . The " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e of stu dy" e s tim a te s show n in this table p r o v id e a re a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip t io n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e in clu d ed in the su rvey. E s tim a te s a r e n ot intended, h o w e v e r , f o r c o m p a r is o n w ith o th e r e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tre n d s o r le v e ls s in c e (1) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s es ta b lis h m en t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in adva n ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d studied, and (2) s m a ll es ta b lis h m e n ts a r e ex clu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f the su rv e y . 2 The 1967 ed ition o f the Standard In d u stria l C la s s ific a t io n M anual w as u s e d to c la s s i f y e s ta b lis h m e n ts b y in d u s tr y d iv isio n . 3 In clu d es a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith to ta l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m in im u m lim ita tio n . A ll ou tlets (w ithin the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in in d u s tr ie s s u ch as tra d e, fin a n ce, auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o tio n p ic tu r e th ea ters a r e c o n s id e r e d as 1 e sta b lish m e n t. 4 In clu d es e x e c u tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, p a r t -t im e , and o th er w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d f r o m the s e p a ra te plant and o f fi c e c a t e g o r ie s . 5 A b b r e v ia te d to "p u b lic u t ilit ie s " in the A - and B - s e r ie s t a b le s . T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in cid e n ta l to w a te r tr a n s p o r ta tio n a r e e x clu d ed . 6 T h is d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n te d in e s tim a te s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s , and f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " in the B - s e r ie s ta b le s . S epa ra te p res en ta tion o f data is not m ade f o r one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p lo y m e n t is too s m a ll to p r o v id e enough data to m e r it s e p a ra te study, (2) the sa m p le w as not d esig n ed in itia lly to p e r m it sep a ra te presen ta tion , (3) r e s p o n s e w as in s u ffic ie n t o r inadequate to p e r m it se p a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n , and (4) th e re is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d ivid u a l e s ta b lis h m en t data. 7 W o r k e r s f r o m this en tire d iv isio n a r e r e p r e s e n te d in e s tim a te s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s , but f r o m the r e a l esta te p o r tio n on ly in estim a te s f o r " a ll in d u s t r ie s " and "n on m a n u fa ctu rin g " in the B - s e r ie s ta b le s . S ep a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n of data is not m ade f o r one o r m o r e o f the re a s o n s give n in fo o tn o te 6. 8 H otels and m o t e ls ; la u n d ries and o th e r p e r s o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir , ren tal, and p a rk in g ; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o rg a n iz a tion s (exclu d in g r e lig io u s and c h a r ita b le o r g a n iz a tio n s ); and e n g in e e rin g and a r c h ite c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . L a b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t c o v e r a g e Th e fo llo w in g tabu lation show s the p e r c e n t o f fu ll- t im e plant and o f fic e w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in es ta b lis h m e n ts in the N o rfo lk —V ir g in ia B e a c h -P o r ts m o u th and N ew port N ews— H am pton a r e a s in w h ich a union c o n t r a c t o r c o n t r a c ts c o v e r e d a m a jo r it y o f the w o r k e r s in the r e s p e c t iv e c a t e g o r ie s , M ay 1976: In d u stria l c o m p o s itio n in m an u factu rin g A lm o s t o n e -h a lf o f the w o r k e r s w ithin the s c o p e of the su r v e y in the N orfolk — V ir g in ia B e a c h -P o r t s m o u t h and N ew port N ew s—H am pton a r e a s w e r e e m p lo y e d in m anu fa ctu rin g f ir m s . T h e fo llo w in g p r e s e n ts the m a jo r in d u s try g ro u p s and s p e c ific in d u s tr ie s as a p e r c e n t o f a ll m a n u fa ctu rin g: In d u stry grou ps T r a n s p o rta tio n eq u ip m e n t______52 E l e c t r ic a l equipm ent and s u p p l i e s _________________________ 11 F o o d and k in d red p r o d u c t s _____ 10 A l l in d u s t r ie s __________________ M a n u fa c tu r in g ______________ N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g __________ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s __________ S p e c ific in d u strie s Ship and b o atbu ild in g and r e p a i r in g _________________ R a d io and T V r e c e iv in g e q u ip m e n t_____________________ O ffic e w o r k e r s 49 79 24 89 13 73 9 . A n e s ta b lis h m e n t is c o n s id e r e d to have a c o n t r a c t c o v e r in g a ll plant o r o f fic e w o r k e r s if a m a jo r it y o f su ch w o r k e r s a r e c o v e r e d b y a la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g reem en t. T h e r e fo r e , a ll o th e r plan t o r o ffic e w o r k e r s a r e e m p lo y e d in e s ta b lis h m e n ts that eith er d o not have la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n tr a c ts in e ffe c t , o r have co n tr a c ts that a pp ly to fe w e r than half of th e ir plant o r o f fi c e w o r k e r s . E s tim a te s a r e not n e c e s s a r il y re p r e s e n ta tiv e of the extent to w h ich a ll w o r k e r s in the a r e a m ay b e c o v e r e d b y the p r o v is io n s of la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts , b e c a u s e s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e ex c lu d e d and the in d u stria l s co p e of the s u r v e y is lim ite d . 49 9 T h is in fo r m a t io n is b a s e d on e s tim a te s o f to ta l e m p lo y m e n t d e r iv e d f r o m u n iv e r s e m a te r ia ls c o m p ile d b e fo r e a ctu a l su rv e y . P r o p o r t io n s in v a r io u s in d u stry d iv is io n s m ay d iffe r f r o m p r o p o r t io n s b a s e d on the r e s u lts o f the s u r v e y as sh ow n in app endix table 1. Plant w o r k e r s 25 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions The p r im a r y p u rp o s e o f p re p a rin g jo b d e s c r ip tio n s fo r the B u r e a u 's w age s u r v e y s is to a s s is t its fie ld sta ff in c la s s ify in g in to a p p ro p ria te o ccu p a tio n s w o r k e r s who a re e m p lo y e d u nder a v a r ie ty o f p a y r o ll title s and d iffe r e n t w o rk a rra n g em en ts fr o m esta b lis h m e n t to esta b lish m en t and fr o m a r e a to a r e a . T his p e r m its the g rou pin g o f o c cu p a tio n a l w age ra te s re p re s e n tin g co m p a ra b le jo b con ten t. B e c a u s e o f this em p h a sis on in te r e sta b lish m e n t and in te r a r e a c o m p a ra b ility o f o c cu p a tio n a l con ten t, the B u r e a u 's jo b d e s c r ip tio n s m a y d iffe r s ig n ifica n tly fr o m th o se in use in in d iv id u a l e sta b lish m e n ts o r th o se p r e p a r e d f o r oth er p u r p o s e s . In applying th ese jo b d e s c r ip t io n s , the B u r e a u 's fie ld e c o n o m is t s a re in s tr u c te d to e x clu d e w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s ; a p p re n tice s ; le a r n e r s ; b e g in n e r s ; t r a in e e s ; and h an dicapped, p a r t -t im e , te m p o r a r y , and p r o b a tio n a r y w o r k e r s . OFFICE SECRETARY S E C R E T A R Y ----Continued A s s ig n e d as p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o rm a lly to one in d iv id u al. M ain tain s a c lo s e and h igh ly r e s p o n s iv e re la tio n s h ip to the d a y -to -d a y w ork o f the s u p e r v is o r . W o rk s fa ir ly in depen den tly r e c e iv in g a m in im u m o f d eta iled s u p e r v is io n and gu id an ce. P e r fo r m s v a r ie d c le r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l d u tie s , u su ally in clu din g m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : d. e. R ev iew s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o ra n d u m s , and r e p o rts p r e p a r e d by o th e rs fo r the s u p e r v is o r 's sign a tu re to a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l and ty p o g ra p h ic accuracy; a. R e c e iv e s telep h on e c a lls , p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , and in com in g m a il, a n sw e rs routine in q u ir ie s , and rou tes te c h n ic a l in q u iries to the p r o p e r p erson s; b. c. in stru cte d ; E s ta b lis h e s , f. P e r fo r m s ste n o g ra p h ic and typin g w o rk . M ay a lso p e r fo r m oth e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l ta sk s o f c o m p a ra b le nature and d ifficu lty . The w ork ty p ic a lly r e q u ir e s kn ow led ge o f o ffic e routine and understan din g o f the o r g a n iz a tio n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s re la te d to the w ork o f the s u p e r v is o r . m a in ta in s, and r e v is e s the s u p e r v is o r 's file s ; M aintains the s u p e r v is o r 's R ela y s m e s s a g e s fr o m s u p e r v is o r to s u b o r d in a te s; ca le n d a r and m akes appointm ents as B egin ning w ith ca len d a r y e a r 1976 s u r v e y s , the B u reau has g rou p ed occu p a tio n s stu d ied in its a r e a w age s u rv e y s into jo b fa m ilie s in o r d e r to p r e s e n t in fo rm a tio n on re la te d o ccu p a tio n s in s e q u e n c e . Job fa m ilie s have not b een title d , h o w e v e r, sin c e doing so m ight have added ex tra n eou s e le m e n ts to the jo b m a tch in g p r o c e s s . The B u reau has a lso r e v is e d s e v e r a l o c cu p a tio n a l title s . u su al w o rd o r d e r and a re m o r e d e s c r ip tiv e o f the s u r v e y jo b s . The r e v is e d title s m o r e n e a r ly r e fle c t R e v is e d o c cu p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s are b ein g in tro d u ce d th is y e a r fo r : O r d e r c le r k ; p a y r o ll c le r k ; sw itch b o a rd o p e r a t o r ; sw itch b oa rd o p e r a t o r -r e c e p t io n is t ; tr a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e ty p is t (p r e v io u s ly title d t r a n s c r ib in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r ); m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a t o r (to o lr o o m ); and t o o l and die m a k e r. Th ey a re the re su lt o f the B u r e a u 's p o lic y o f p e r io d ic a lly re v iew in g a r e a w age su r v e y o c cu p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s in o r d e r to take into accou n t te c h n o lo g ic a l d ev elop m en ts and to c la r ify d e s c r ip tio n s so that th ey a re m o r e re a d ily u n d erstood and u n ifo rm ly in te r p r e te d . Even though the r e v is e d d e s c r ip tio n s r e fle c t b a s ic a lly the sa m e occu p a tio n s as p r e v io u s ly d efin ed , so m e rep ortin g changes m ay o c c u r b e c a u s e o f the r e v is io n s . 26 S E C R E T A R Y — Continued S E C R E T A R Y — Continued E x clu s io n s Not a ll p o s itio n s that a re title d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the above c h a r a c t e r is t ic s . E x am p les o f p o s itio n s w h ich a re e x clu d e d fr o m the defin ition a r e as fo llo w s : a. P o s itio n s d e s c r ib e d a b ove; b. w hich do not m e e t the " p e r s o n a l" s e c r e t a r y con cep t S ten og ra p h ers not fu lly tr a in e d in s e c r e t a r ia l-t y p e d u ties; c . S ten og ra p h ers s e r v in g as o ffic e fe s s io n a l, t e c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n s ; a s sista n ts to a g rou p of p r o d. S e c r e ta r y p o s itio n s in w h ich the duties a r e e ith e r su bsta n tially m o r e routine o r su b sta n tia lly m o r e c o m p le x and r e s p o n s ib le than th ose c h a r a c t e r iz e d in the d efin ition ; e. A s s is ta n t-ty p e p o s itio n s w h ich in v o lv e m o r e d ifficu lt o r m o r e r e s p o n s ib le te c h n ic a l, a d m in is tra tiv e , s u p e r v is o r y , o r s p e c ia liz e d c le r i c a l du ties w h ich a re not ty p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r ia l w ork . N O T E : The t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u sed in the le v e l d efin ition s fo llo w in g , r e fe r s to th o se o ffic ia ls who have a sig n ifica n t c o rp o r a te w id e p o licy m a k in g r o le w ith r e g a rd to m a jo r com pa n y a c tiv it ie s . The title " v ic e p r e s id e n t ," though n o rm a lly in d ica tiv e o f th is r o le , does not in all c a s e s id en tify su ch p o s itio n s . V ic e p r e s id e n ts w h ose p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ility is to act p e r s o n a lly on in div idu al c a s e s o r tr a n s a ctio n s (e .g ., a p p rov e o r deny in dividu al loan o r c re d it a ctio n s ; a d m in iste r in d iv id u al tru st a c c o u n ts ; d ir e c tly s u p e r v is e a c le r i c a l sta ff) are not c o n s id e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " fo r p u rp o s e s o f applying the fo llo w in g le v e l d e fin it io n s . C la ss A 1 . S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p r e sid e n t o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 2. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a te o f f ic e r (oth er than the ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p r e s id e n t) o f a com pan y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 but fe w e r than 25, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e t a r y to the h ead , im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a t e o f f ic e r le v e l, o f a m a jo r seg m en t o r s u b s id ia r y o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . C la ss B 1 . S e c r e t a r y to the ch a irm a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s id e n t o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, fe w e r than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r 3. S e c r e ta r y to the h ead , im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the o f f ic e r le v e l, o v e r e ith e r a m a jo r co rpo rate w ide fu n ction a l a ctiv ity (e .g ., m a rk etin g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t io n s , in d u stria l r e la t io n s , e t c .) o>r a m a jo r g e o g r a p h ic o r o r g a n iz a tio n a l seg m en t ( e .g ., a r e g io n a l h e a d q u a rte rs ; a m a jo r d iv is io n ) o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 but fe w e r than 2 5 ,0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s ; o r 4. S e c r e ta r y to the h ead o f an in d iv id u al plant, fa c to r y , e tc . (o r o th e r equ ivalen t le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r 5. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f a la rg e and im portan t o rg a n iz a tio n a l seg m en t (e .g ., a m id d le m a n a gem en t s u p e r v is o r o f an o rg a n iz a tio n a l seg m en t often in v olv in g as m any as s e v e r a l hundred p e r s o n s ) o r a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . C la ss C 1 . S e c r e ta r y to an e x e cu tiv e o r m a n a g e r ia l p e r s o n w h ose r e s p o n s ib ility is not equ ivalent to on e o f the s p e c ific le v e l situ ation s in the defin ition fo r c la s s B , but w h ose o r g a n iz a tio n a l unit n o rm a lly n u m b ers at le a st s e v e r a l d ozen e m p lo y e e s and is u su a lly d iv id ed into o rg a n iz a tio n a l seg m en ts w hich a r e often , in tu rn , fu rth e r su bd ivid ed . In so m e c o m p a n ie s , this le v e l in clu d es a w ide ran ge o f o r g a n iz a tio n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o th e r s , on ly on e o r tw o; o r 2. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an in div idu al plant, fa c t o r y , e tc . (o r o th e r equ ivalent le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, fe w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s .*1 2 C la ss D 1 . S e c r e ta r y to the s u p e r v is o r o r head o f a s m a ll o r g a n iz a tio n a l unit (e .g ., fe w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ); oj: 2. S e c r e ta r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s ta ff s p e c ia lis t , p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in istra tiv e o f f i c e r , o r a s s is ta n t, s k ille d te c h n ic ia n , o r e x p e rt. (N O TE: M any co m p a n ie s a s sig n ste n o g r a p h e r s , ra th er than s e c r e t a r ie s as d e s c r ib e d a b o v e , to th is le v e l o f s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r .) STENOGRAPH ER P r im a r y duty is to take d icta tion using sh orth an d, and to tr a n s c r ib e the d icta tio n . M ay a lso type fr o m w ritten cop y . M ay o p e r a te fr o m a ste n o g ra p h ic p o o l. M ay o c c a s io n a lly tr a n s c r ib e fr o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s (if p r im a r y duty is tr a n s c r ib in g fr o m r e c o r d in g s , se e T r a n s c r ib in g -M a c h in e T y pi s t ). N O TE: T his jo b is d is tin g u ish ed fr o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a lly w o rk s in a co n fid e n tia l r e la tio n s h ip w ith on ly one m a n a g er o r e x e cu tiv e and p e r fo r m s m o r e r e s p o n s ib le and d is c r e tio n a r y ta sk s as d e s c r ib e d in the s e c r e t a r y jo b d efin ition . S te n o g ra p h e r, G e n e ra l 2. S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (oth er than the ch a irm a n o f the b o a rd o r p r e s id e n t) o f a com p a n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r keep D icta tion in v o lv e s a n o r m a l routine v o c a b u la r y . M ay m ain tain f ile s , s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m o th e r r e la t iv e ly routine c l e r i c a l ta s k s . ST E N O G R A P H E R — Continued F IL E C L E R K — Continued S ten og ra p h er, S en ior D ictation in v o lv e s a v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d vocabularysu ch as in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o rts on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h . M ay a lso set up and m ain tain f ile s , k eep r e c o r d s , e tc . C la ss B . S o r ts , c o d e s , and file s u n c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by s im p le (su b je ct m a tte r) h eadin gs o r p a rtly c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by fin e r su bh eadin gs. P r e p a r e s s im p le re la te d in dex and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s. As re q u e ste d , lo c a te s c le a r ly id e n tifie d m a te r ia l in file s and fo r w a rd s m a te r ia l. M ay p e r fo r m re la te d c l e r i c a l ta sk s re q u ire d to m aintain and s e r v ic e file s . OR P e r fo r m s ste n o g r a p h ic duties re q u irin g s ig n ifica n tly g r e a te r in depen d en ce and r e s p o n s ib ility than ste n o g r a p h e r, g e n e r a l, as e v id e n ce d by the fo llo w in g : W ork r e q u ir e s a high d e g re e o f s te n o g ra p h ic sp eed and a c c u r a c y ; a th orou g h w ork in g k n ow led ge o f g e n e r a l b u sin e s s and o ffic e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f the s p e c ifi c b u sin e s s o p e r a t io n s , o r g a n iz a tio n , p o li c ie s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o rk flo w , etc. U ses this kn ow led ge in p e r fo rm in g sten og ra p h ic du ties and r e s p o n s ib le c l e r i c a l ta sk s such as m ain taining follow u p file s ; a s s e m b lin g m a te r ia l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o ra n d u m s , and le t te r s ; co m p o s in g s im p le le t te r s fr o m g e n e r a l in s tr u c tio n s ; readin g and routing in com in g m a il; and a n sw erin g rou tin e q u e s tio n s , e tc . T R A N SC R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T P r im a r y duty is to type c o p y o f v o ic e r e c o r d e d d icta tion w hich does not in v olv e v a r ie d te c h n ic a l o r s p e c ia liz e d v o ca b u la r y su ch as that u sed in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o rts on s c ie n t ific r e s e a r c h . M ay a lso type fr o m w ritten cop y . M ay m ain tain f ile s , k eep s im p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m o th e r re la tiv e ly routine c le r i c a l ta s k s . (See S ten og ra p h er d efin ition fo r w o r k e r s in v olv ed w ith sh orth an d d icta tio n .) T Y P IST U ses a ty p e w r ite r to m ake c o p ie s o f v a r io u s m a te r ia ls o r to m ake out b ills a fter c a lcu la tio n s have been m ade by an oth er p e r s o n . M ay in clude typing o f s t e n c ils , m a ts , o r s im ila r m a te r ia ls fo r use in duplicatin g p rocesses. M ay do c le r i c a l w ork in v olv in g little s p e c ia l tra in in g , such as k eepin g sim p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r so rtin g and distribu tin g in com in g m a il. C la ss A . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : Typin g m a te r ia l in fin a l fo r m when it in v o lv e s com bin in g m a te r ia l fr o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s ib ility fo r c o r r e c t s p e llin g , s y lla b ic a tio n , pu nctuation, e t c ., o f t e c h n ica l o r unusual w o rd s o r fo r e ig n language m a te r ia l; o r planning layout and typing o f c o m p lic a te d s t a tis tic a l ta b le s to m ain tain u n iform ity and b a la n ce in sp a cin g . M ay type routine fo r m le t t e r s , v a ryin g d eta ils to suit c ir c u m s t a n c e s . C la ss B . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : C opy typing fr o m rough o r c le a r d r a fts ; o r routine typing o f fo r m s , in su ra n ce p o li c ie s , e t c .; o r settin g up sim p le stan dard ta b u la tion s; o r cop yin g m o r e c o m p le x ta bles a lrea d y set up and sp a c e d p r o p e r ly . F IL E CLE R K F il e s , c la s s if i e s , and r e tr ie v e s m a te r ia l in an e s ta b lis h e d filin g s y s te m . M ay p e r fo r m c le r i c a l and m anual ta sk s r e q u ire d to m ain tain file s . P o s itio n s a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g d efin ition s. C la ss A . C la s s ifie s and in d ex es file m a te r ia l such as c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , te c h n ic a l d o cu m e n ts, e t c ., in an e sta b lis h e d filin g s y s te m contain in g a n u m b er o f v a r ie d su b je ct m a tte r f ile s . M ay a lso file this m a te r ia l. M ay k eep r e c o r d s o f v a r io u s ty p es in con ju n ction w ith the file s . M ay lea d a s m a ll g rou p o f lo w e r le v e l file c le r k s . C la ss C . P e r fo r m s routine filin g o f m a te r ia l that has a lrea d y been c la s s ifie d o r w h ich is e a s ily c la s s ifie d in a sim p le s e r ia l c la s s ific a tio n s y s te m ( e .g ., a lp h a b e tica l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e r ic a l). A s r e q u e ste d , lo c a t e s r e a d ily a v a ila b le m a te r ia l in file s and fo r w a r d s m a te r ia l; and m ay fill out w ith draw al c h a rg e . M ay p e r fo r m sim p le c le r i c a l and m anual tasks r e q u ire d to m ain tain and s e r v ic e f ile s . M ESSENG ER P e r fo r m s v a r io u s routine duties su ch as running e r r a n d s , op era tin g m in o r o ffic e m a ch in e s such as s e a le r s o r m a ile r s , open in g and distribu tin g m a il, and oth e r m in o r c le r i c a l w o rk . E x clu d e p o s itio n s that re q u ire o p e r a tio n o f a m o t o r v e h ic le as a sig n ifica n t duty. SW ITC H B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p era tes a telep h on e s w itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le u sed with a p riv a te b ra n ch ex ch an ge (P B X ) s y s te m to re la y in c o m in g , o u tg o in g , and in tr a s y s te m c a lls . M ay p r o v id e in fo rm a tio n to c a lle r s , r e c o r d and tr a n sm it m e s s a g e s , k eep r e c o r d o f c a lls p la ce d and t o ll c h a r g e s . B e s id e s op era tin g a teleph on e sw itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le , m a y a lso type o r p e r fo r m rou tin e c le r i c a l w ork (typing o r routine c le r i c a l w ork m a y o c cu p y the m a jo r p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r 's tim e , and is u su ally p e r fo r m e d w h ile at the sw itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le ). C h ief o r lea d o p e r a t o r s in esta b lis h m e n ts em p loy in g m o r e than on e o p e r a t o r are e x clu d e d . F o r an o p e r a t o r who a lso a cts as a r e c e p t io n is t , see S w itch b oa rd O p e r a to r -R e c e p tio n is t. SW ITC H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T At a s in g le -p o s it io n telep h on e s w itch b o a rd o r c o n s o le , acts both as an o p e r a to r — se e S w itch b oa rd O p e ra to r — and as a r e c e p tio n is t. R e c e p tio n is t's w ork in v o lv e s su ch duties as g re e tin g v is it o r s ; d eterm in in g nature o f v i s it o r 's b u sin e s s and p ro v id in g a p p ro p ria te in fo rm a tio n ; r e fe r r in g v is it o r to a p p ro p ria te p e r s o n in the o r g a n iz a tio n o r con tactin g that p e r s o n by telep h on e and arra n gin g an appoin tm en t; k eepin g a log o f v is it o r s . ORDER CLERK R e c e iv e s w ritten o r v e r b a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u rc h a s e o r d e r s fo r m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e fr o m c u s to m e r s o r sa le s p e o p le . W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s som e com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g d u ties: Quoting p r ic e s ; d eterm in in g a v a ila b ility o f o r d e r e d ite m s and su g gestin g su bstitu tes when n e c e s s a r y ; ad visin g e x p e cte d d e liv e r y date and m eth od o f d e liv e r y ; r e c o r d in g o r d e r and c u s to m e r in fo rm a tio n on o r d e r sh e e ts ; ch eck in g o r d e r sh eets fo r a c c u r a c y and ad equ acy o f in fo rm a tio n r e c o r d e d ; a s ce r ta in in g c re d it rating o f c u s to m e r ; fu rn ish in g c u s to m e r w ith a ck n ow led gem en t o f r e c e ip t o f o r d e r ; fo llo w in g -u p to se e that o r d e r is d e liv e r e d by the s p e c ifie d date o r to let c u s to m e r know o f a delay in d e liv e r y ; m a in tain in g o r d e r file ; ch eck in g shipping in v o ic e against o r ig in a l o r d e r . O R D E R C L E R K — Continued B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R E x clu d e w o r k e r s p a id on a c o m m is s io n b a s is o r w h ose duties in clu d e any o f the fo llo w in g : R e c e iv in g o r d e r s f o r s e r v ic e s ra th er than f o r m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e ; p r o v id in g c u s to m e r s w ith con su lta tiv e a d v ice u sin g kn ow led ge gain ed fr o m en g in eerin g o r e x te n siv e te c h n ic a l tr a in in g ; em p h a sizin g s e llin g s k ills ; handling m a te r ia l o r m e r c h a n d is e as an in te g ra l p a rt o f the jo b . O p era tes a b ook k eep in g m a ch in e (w ith o r w ithout a ty p e w r ite r k e y b o a rd ) to k eep a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s tr a n s a c t io n s . P o s itio n s d e fin it io n s : a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls a c c o r d in g to the fo llo w in g C la ss A . H andles o r d e r s that in v olv e m akin g ju dgm en ts su ch as ch oosin g w h ich s p e c ific p ro d u ct o r m a te r ia l fr o m the e s ta b lis h m e n t's p rod u ct lin e s w ill s a tis fy the c u s t o m e r ’ s n e e d s , o r d eterm in in g the p r ic e to be qu oted w hen p r ic in g in v o lv e s m o r e than m e r e ly r e fe r r in g to a p r ic e lis t o r m aking so m e s im p le m a th e m a tic a l c a lc u la tio n s . C la ss B . H andles o r d e r s in volvin g ite m s w h ich have r e a d ily id e n tifie d u ses and a p p lic a tio n s . M ay r e fe r to a c a ta lo g , m a n u fa c tu r e r 's m anu al, o r s im ila r docu m en t to in su re that p r o p e r ite m is su pplied o r to v e r ify p r ic e o f o r d e r e d ite m . ACCOUNTIN G C LE R K P e r fo r m s on e o r m o r e accou n tin g c l e r i c a l ta sk s su ch as p ostin g to r e g is t e r s and le d g e r s ; r e c o n c ilin g bank a c c o u n ts ; v e r ify in g the in tern a l c o n s is te n c y , c o m p le t e n e s s , and m a th em a tica l a c c u r a c y o f accou n tin g d ocu m en ts; a ssig n in g p r e s c r ib e d accou n tin g d istrib u tion c o d e s ; exam in in g and v e rify in g fo r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r io u s ty p es o f r e p o r t s , lis t s , c a lc u la tio n s , p o s tin g , e t c .; o r p r e p a r in g sim p le o r a s sistin g in p r e p a r in g m o r e c o m p lic a te d jo u r n a l vou ch ers. M ay w ork in e ith e r a m anual o r au tom ated a ccou n tin g s y ste m . The w ork r e q u ire s a kn ow led ge o f c l e r i c a l m eth od s and o ffic e p r a c t ic e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h ich r e la te s to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s in g and r e c o rd in g o f tr a n s a ctio n s and accou n tin g in fo rm a tio n . W ith e x p e r ie n c e , the w o r k e r ty p ic a lly b e c o m e s fa m ilia r w ith the b ook k eep in g and accou n tin g te r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u sed in the a s sig n e d w o rk , but is not re q u ire d to have a k n ow led ge o f the fo r m a l p r in c ip le s o f b ook k eep in g and accou n tin g . P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g C la ss A . U nder g e n e r a l s u p e r v is io n , p e r fo r m s accou n tin g c le r i c a l o p e r a tio n s w h ich r e q u ire the a p p lica tion o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju d g m en t, fo r e x a m p le , c le r i c a lly p r o c e s s in g c o m p lica te d o r n o n re p e titiv e accou n tin g t r a n s a c tio n s , s e le c tin g am ong a su bstan tial v a r ie ty o f p r e s c r ib e d accou n tin g cod es and c la s s ific a t io n s , o r tr a c in g tra n s a ctio n s though p r e v io u s a ccou n tin g action s to d e te rm in e s o u r c e o f d is c r e p a n c ie s . M ay be a s s is te d b y on e o r m o r e c la s s B a ccou n tin g c le r k s . C la ss B . U nder c lo s e s u p e r v is io n , fo llo w in g d eta iled in stru ctio n s and sta n d a rd iz ed p r o c e d u r e s , p e r fo r m s one o r m o r e routine a ccou n tin g c le r i c a l o p e r a t io n s , su ch as p ostin g to le d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o rk s h e e ts w h ere id e n tifica tio n o f ite m s and lo c a tio n s o f p o s tin g s a re c le a r ly in d ica te d ; c h e c k ing a c c u r a c y and c o m p le te n e s s o f sta n d a rd ized and r e p e titiv e r e c o r d s or accou n tin g d o cu m e n ts; and codin g d ocu m en ts u sin g a few p r e s c r ib e d a c c o u n t ing c o d e s . C la ss A . K eep s a set o f r e c o r d s re q u irin g a k n ow ledge o f and e x p e r ie n c e in b a s ic b ook k eep in g p r in c ip le s , and fa m ilia r ity w ith the stru ctu re o f the p a r t ic u la r accou n tin g s y s te m u sed . D e te rm in e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is trib u tio n o f debit and c r e d it ite m s to be u sed in ea ch phase o f the w ork . M ay p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , b a la n ce sh e e ts , and o th e r r e c o r d s b y hand. C la ss B . K eeps a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e p h a ses o r se c tio n s o f a set o f r e c o r d s u su ally r e q u irin g little k n ow led ge o f b a s ic b ook k eep in g . P h a s e s o r s e c tio n s in clu d e a ccou n ts p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ' a ccou n ts (not in cluding a s im p le type o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d under m a ch in e b i lle r ), c o s t d is tr ib u tio n , ex p en se d is trib u tio n , in v e n to ry c o n t r o l, e tc . M ay ch eck o r a s s is t in p r e p a r a tio n o f t r ia l b a la n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n tr o l sh eets fo r the accou n tin g dep a rtm en t. M ACHINE B IL L E R P r e p a r e s sta tem en ts, b i lls , and in v o ic e s on a m a ch in e o th e r them an o r d in a r y o r e le c t r o m a t ic ty p e w r ite r . M ay a lso k eep r e c o r d s as to b illin g s o r shipping c h a rg e s o r p e r fo r m oth e r c l e r i c a l w ork in cid en ta l to b illin g o p e r a tio n s . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , m a ch in e b ille r s a re c la s s ifie d by type o f m a ch in e , as fo llo w s : B illin g -m a c h in e b i l l e r . U ses a s p e c ia l b illin g m a ch in e (com b in a tion typin g and adding m a ch in e ) to p r e p a r e b ills and in v o ic e s fr o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u rch a se o r d e r s , in te rn a lly p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , shipping m e m o ra n d u m s, e tc . U sually in v o lv e s a p p lica tion o f p r e d e te r m in e d d iscou n ts and shipping ch a rg es and en try o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s io n s , w h ich m ay o r m a y not be com pu ted on the b illin g m a ch in e , and to ta ls w h ich a re a u tom a tica lly accu m u la ted by m a ch in e . The o p e r a tio n u su ally in v o lv e s a la rg e n u m ber o f ca rb on c o p ie s o f the b ill b ein g p r e p a r e d and is often done on a fan fold m a ch in e. B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e b i l l e r . U ses a book k eepin g m a ch in e (with o r w ithout a ty p e w r ite r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b ills as pa rt o f the a ccou n ts r e c e iv a b le o p e r a tio n . G e n e ra lly in v o lv e s the sim u ltan eou s en try o f fig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . The m a ch in e a u tom a tica lly a ccu m u la tes fig u r e s on a n u m ber o f v e r t ic a l colu m n s and com p u tes and u su ally p rin ts a u tom a tica lly the debit o r c r e d it b a la n c e s . D oes not in v olv e a kn ow led ge o f b ook k eep in g . W ork s fr o m u n ifo rm and stan dard typ es o f s a le s and c re d it s lip s . P A Y R O L L C LE R K P e r fo r m s the c l e r i c a l ta sk s n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o lls and to m ain tain p a y r o ll r e c o r d s . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s ' tim e o r p ro d u ctio n r e c o r d s ; ad ju sting w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s fo r changes in w age r a te s , su p p lem en ta ry b e n e fit s , o r tax d e d u ction s; editing p a y r o ll lis tin g s against s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; tr a c in g and c o r r e c t in g e r r o r s in lis tin g s ; and a s s is tin g in p r e p a r a tio n o f p e r io d ic su m m a ry p a y r o ll r e p o r t s . In a n on au tom ated p a y r o ll s y s t e m , com p u tes w a g e s. W ork m a y req u ire a p r a c t ic a l k n ow led ge o f g o v e rn m e n ta l r e g u la tio n s, com p a n y p a y r o ll p o lic y , o r the c o m p u te r s y s te m fo r p r o c e s s in g p a y r o lls . K EY PU N CH O P E R A T O R T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R — Continued O p era tes a keypunch m a ch in e to r e c o r d o r v e r ify a lp h a b etic a n d /o r n u m e ric data on tabulating c a r d s o r on tape. fr o m th is d efin ition a re w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s . A ls o e x clu d e d are o p e r a t o r s o f e le c t r o n ic d ig ita l c o m p u te r s , even though th ey m a y a ls o o p e r a te e le c t r ic a ccou n tin g m a ch in e equ ipm en t. P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la ss A . W ork r e q u ir e s the a p p lica tion o f e x p e r ie n c e and ju dgm en t in s e le c tin g p r o c e d u r e s to be fo llo w e d and in s e a rc h in g fo r , in te r p r e tin g , s e le c t in g , o r cod in g ite m s to be k eyp u n ch ed fr o m a v a r ie ty o f s o u r c e d ocu m en ts. On o c c a s io n m a y a lso p e r fo r m so m e routine keypun ch w ork . M ay tr a in in e x p e r ie n c e d keypun ch o p e r a t o r s . C la ss B . W ork is routine and r e p e titiv e . U nder c lo s e s u p e r v is io n o r fo llo w in g s p e c ifi c p r o c e d u r e s o r in s t r u c t io n s , w o rk s fr o m v a r io u s stan d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d ocu m en ts w h ich have b een co d e d , and fo llo w s s p e c ifie d p r o c e d u r e s w h ich have b een p r e s c r i b e d in d eta il and re q u ire little o r no s e le c t in g , co d in g , o r in te r p r e tin g o f data to b e r e c o r d e d . R e fe r s to su p e r v is o r p r o b le m s a r is in g fr o m e r r o n e o u s ite m s o r cod es o'r m is s in g in fo rm ation . P o s itio n s d e fin it io n s . c la s s ifi e d into le v e ls on the b a s is o f the fo llo w in g C la ss A . P e r fo r m s c o m p le te r e p o rtin g and tabulating a ssign m en ts in clu din g d e v isin g d ifficu lt c o n tr o l pa n el w irin g u nder g e n e r a l su p e r v is io n . A s sig n m e n ts t y p ic a lly in v o lv e a v a r ie ty o f lon g and c o m p le x r e p o rts w h ich often a re ir r e g u la r o r n o n r e c u r r in g , r e q u irin g so m e planning o f the n ature and seq u en cin g o f o p e r a t io n s , and the u se o f a v a r ie ty o f m a ch in e s . Is t y p ic a lly in v o lv e d in tra in in g new o p e r a t o r s in m a ch in e o p e ra tio n s o r tra in in g lo w e r le v e l o p e r a t o r s in w irin g fr o m d ia g r a m s and in the op era tin g se q u e n ce s o f lon g and c o m p le x r e p o r t s . D oes not in clu d e p o s itio n s in w h ich w irin g r e s p o n s ib ility is lim ite d to s e le c t io n and in s e r tio n o f p r e w ir e d b o a r d s . C la ss B . P e r fo r m s w ork a c c o r d in g to e s ta b lis h e d p r o c e d u r e s and under s p e c ific in s tr u c tio n s . A s sig n m e n ts t y p ic a lly in v o lv e c o m p le te but routine and r e c u r r in g r e p o r ts o r p a rts o f la r g e r and m o r e c o m p le x r e p o r t s . O p e ra te s m o r e d ifficu lt tabulating o r e le c t r i c a l a ccou n tin g m a ch in es su ch as the ta b u la to r and c a lc u la to r , in ad dition to the s im p le r m a ch in es u sed by c la s s C o p e r a t o r s . M ay be r e q u ir e d to do so m e w irin g fr o m d ia g r a m s . M ay tr a in new e m p lo y e e s in b a s ic m a ch in e o p e r a t io n s . C la ss C . U n der s p e c ifi c in s t r u c t io n s , o p e r a te s sim p le tabulating o r e le c t r ic a l accou n tin g m a ch in e s su ch as the s o r t e r , in t e r p r e t e r , re p ro d u cin g punch, c o lla t o r , e tc . A s sig n m e n ts t y p ic a lly in v o lv e p o r tio n s of a w ork unit, fo r e x a m p le , in d iv id u a l s o rtin g o r c o lla tin g ru n s, o r r e p e titiv e o p e r a tio n s . M ay p e r fo r m s im p le w irin g fr o m d ia g r a m s , and do som e filin g w o rk . T A B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R c u la to r , a re O p e ra te s one o r a v a r ie ty o f m a ch in e s su ch as the ta b u la to r, c a l c o lla t o r , in t e r p r e t e r , s o r t e r , r e p ro d u c in g punch, e tc . E x clu d ed PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL C O M P U T E R SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS----Continued C O M P U T E R SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , s y s te m s an alysts a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : A n a ly ze s b u s in e s s p r o b le m s to fo r m u la te p r o c e d u r e s fo r solv in g th em by u se o f e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g equ ipm ent. D evelop s a com p le te d e s c r ip tio n o f a ll s p e c ific a tio n s n eed ed to en able p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a re r e q u ir e d d ig ita l c o m p u te r p r o g r a m s . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A n a ly zes s u b je c t -m a tte r o p e r a tio n s to be autom ated and id e n tifie s con d ition s and c r it e r i a r e q u ire d to a ch iev e s a tis fa c to r y r e s u lts ; s p e c ifie s n u m ber and ty p es o f r e c o r d s , f ile s , and d ocu m en ts to be u sed ; ou tlin es a ction s to be p e r fo r m e d by p e r s o n n e l and co m p u te rs in su ffic ie n t d etail fo r p re se n ta tio n to m a n a gem en t and fo r p r o g r a m m in g (ty p ica lly th is in v o lv e s p r e p a r a tio n o f w ork and data flo w c h a rts ); co o rd in a te s the d ev elop m en t o f te s t p r o b le m s and p a r tic ip a te s in t r ia l runs o f new and r e v is e d s y s t e m s ; and r e co m m e n d s equipm ent changes to obtain m o r e e ffe c t iv e o v e r a ll o p e r a tio n s . (N O TE: W o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g b oth ~ system s a n a ly sis and p r o g r a m m in g sh ou ld be c l a s s ifie d as sy s te m s a n alysts if th is is the s k ill u sed to d eterm in e th e ir p a y .) C la ss A . W ork s in depen den tly o r u nder on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s in v olv in g a ll p h a ses o f s y s t e m a n a ly s is . P r o b le m s are c o m p le x b e c a u s e o f d iv e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u lt ip le -u s e r e q u ir e m en ts o f output data. (F o r e x a m p le , d e v e lo p s an in teg ra ted p ro d u ctio n s ch e d u lin g , in v e n to ry c o n t r o l, c o s t a n a ly s is , and s a le s an alysis r e c o r d in w h ich e v e r y ite m o f e a ch type is a u to m a tica lly p r o c e s s e d th rough the fu ll s y s te m o f r e c o r d s and a p p rop ria te fo llo w u p a ctio n s are in itiated b y the c o m p u te r .) C o n fe rs w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e te rm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t -m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f new o r r e v is e d s y s te m s o f data p r o c e s s in g o p e r a t io n s . M akes r e co m m e n d a tio n s , if n e e d e d , fo r a p p ro v a l o f m a jo r s y s te m s in sta lla tio n s o r changes and fo r obtain in g equ ipm ent. M ay p r o v id e fu n ction a l d ir e c tio n who a re a s sig n e d to a s s is t . lo w e r le v e l sy s te m s an alysts C la ss B . W ork s in depen den tly o r u nder on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on p r o b le m s that a re r e la tiv e ly u n c o m p lica te d to a n a ly ze , pla n , p r o g r a m , and o p e r a te . P r o b le m s a re o f lim ite d c o m p le x ity b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a re h om og en eou s and the output data a re c lo s e ly re la te d . (F o r e x a m p le , D oes not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le fo r the m a n agem en t o r s u p e r v is io n o f o th e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r s y s te m s an alysts p r im a r ily c o n c e r n e d w ith s c ie n t ific o r en g in eerin g p r o b le m s . to 30 C O M P U T E R SY S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS— Continued C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS— Continued d ev e lo p s s y s te m s fo r m ain taining d e p o s ito r a ccou n ts in a bank, m ain taining a ccou n ts r e c e iv a b le in a r e ta il e sta b lis h m e n t, o r m ain taining in v en tory accou n ts in a m a n u factu rin g o r w h o le s a le e s ta b lis h m e n t.) C o n fe rs w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e te rm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d v is e s s u b je c t -m a tte r p e r s o n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f the data p r o c e s s in g sy ste m s to be a p plied. At th is le v e l, p r o g r a m m in g is d ifficu lt b e c a u s e com p u ter eq u ip m en t m u st b e o r g a n iz e d to p r o d u c e s e v e r a l in te r r e la te d but d iv e r s e p r o ducts fr o m n u m erou s and d iv e r s e data e le m e n ts . A w ide v a r ie ty and e x te n s iv e n u m b er o f in te rn a l p r o c e s s in g a ction s m u st o c c u r . T his r e q u ire s su ch a ction s as d ev elop m en t o f co m m o n o p e ra tio n s w hich can be r e u sed , esta b lish m en t o f lin kage poin ts betw een o p e r a tio n s , ad ju stm ents to data w hen p r o g r a m r e q u ire m e n ts e x c e e d co m p u te r sto ra g e c a p a city , and su bsta n tial m an ipu lation and re se q u e n cin g o f data elem en ts to fo r m a h igh ly in te g ra te d p r o g r a m . OR W ork s on a seg m en t o f a c o m p le x data p r o c e s s in g s c h e m e o r s y s te m , as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A . W ork s in depen den tly on routine a ssig n m en ts and r e c e iv e s in stru ctio n and guid an ce on c o m p le x a s sig n m e n ts . W ork is re v ie w e d fo r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m en t, c o m p lia n ce w ith in s tr u c tio n s , and to in su re p r o p e r align m en t w ith the o v e r a ll s y s te m . M ay p r o v id e fu n ction a l d ir e c tio n a re a s sig n e d to a s s is t . C la ss B . W ork s in depen den tly o r under on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n on r e la t iv e ly s im p le p r o g r a m s , o r on s im p le seg m en ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s (o r se g m e n ts ) u su ally p r o c e s s in fo rm a tio n to p ro d u ce data in two o r th re e v a r ie d se q u e n ce s o r fo r m a t s . R e p o rts and lis tin g s are p r o d u c e d by re fin in g , adapting, a r r a y in g , o r m aking m in o r additions to o r d eletion s fr o m input data w h ich are r e a d ily a v a ila b le . W hile n u m erou s r e c o r d s m ay be p r o c e s s e d , the data have b een re fin e d in p r io r action s so that the a c c u r a c y and seq u en cin g o f data can be te s te d by using a few routine c h e ck s. T y p ic a lly , the p r o g r a m d ea ls w ith routine r e co r d k e e p in g o p e r a tio n s . C la ss C . W ork s under im m e d ia te s u p e r v is io n , c a r ry in g out a n a lyses as a s sig n e d , u su ally o f a sin g le a c tiv ity . A s sig n m e n ts a re d esig n ed to d ev e lo p and expand p r a c t ic a l e x p e r ie n c e in the a p p lica tion o f p r o c e d u r e s and sk ills re q u ire d fo r s y s te m s a n a ly sis w o rk . F o r e x a m p le , m ay a s s is t a h ig h e r le v e l s y s te m s an alyst by p re p a rin g the d eta iled s p e c ific a tio n s r e q u ir e d by p r o g r a m m e r s fr o m in fo rm a tio n d e v e lo p e d by the h ig h e r le v e l an alyst. C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS OR C on v erts statem en ts o f b u sin e s s p r o b le m s , ty p ic a lly p r e p a r e d by a s y s te m s an alyst, in to a seq u en ce o f d eta iled in s tru ctio n s w h ich a re r e q u ir e d to so lv e the p r o b le m s b y au tom atic data p r o c e s s in g equ ipm ent. W orkin g fr o m ch a rts o r d ia g r a m s , the p r o g r a m m e r d ev elop s the p r e c is e in stru ctio n s w h ich , when e n tered into the com p u ter s y s te m in c od ed la n gu a ge, ca u se the m anipulation o f data to a ch iev e d e s ir e d r e s u lts . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A p p lies k n ow led ge o f c o m p u te r c a p a b i lit ie s , m a th e m a tic s , lo g ic em p lo y e d by c o m p u te r s , and p a r tic u la r su b je c t m a tte r in v olv ed to an alyze ch a rts and d ia g ra m s o f the p r o b le m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d ev elop s seq u en ce o f p r o g r a m s te p s; w rite s d eta iled flow ch a rts to show o r d e r in w h ich data w ill be p r o c e s s e d ; co n v e rts th ese ch a rts to co d e d in s tru ctio n s fo r m a ch in e to fo llo w ; te s ts and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in stru ctio n s fo r op era tin g p e r s o n n e l during p ro d u ctio n run; a n a ly z e s , r e v ie w s , and a lte r s p r o g r a m s to in c r e a s e op era tin g e f f i c ie n c y o r adapt to new re q u ire m e n ts ; m ain tains r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v elo p m en t and r e v is io n s . (N O TE: W o r k e rs p e r fo r m in g both sy s te m s an al y s is and p r o g r a m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as sy s te m s an alysts i f this is the s k ill u sed to d e te rm in e th e ir p a y.) W ork s on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A) under c lo s e d ir e c tio n o f a h ig h e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M ay a s s is t h ig h e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r by in depen den tly p e r fo r m in g le s s d ifficu lt tasks a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g m o r e d ifficu lt ta sk s under fa ir ly c lo s e d ir e c tio n . M ay guide o r in stru ct lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C la ss C . M akes p r a c t ic a l a p p lica tion s o f p ro g ra m m in g p r a c tic e s and co n c e p ts u su ally le a rn e d in fo r m a l tra in in g c o u r s e s . A ssig n m en ts a re d es ig n e d to d ev elop c o m p e te n ce in the ap p lica tion o f stan dard p r o c e d u r e s to routine p r o b le m s . R e c e iv e s c lo s e s u p e r v is io n on new a sp ects o f a s sig n m e n ts ; and w ork is re v ie w e d to v e r ify its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e w ith r e q u ire d p r o c e d u r e s . COM PUTER O PERATOR M o n ito rs and o p e r a te s the c o n tro l c o n s o le o f a dig ital c o m p u te r to p r o c e s s data a c c o r d in g to op era tin g in s tr u c tio n s , u su ally p r e p a r e d by a p r o g r a m m e r . W ork in clu d e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Studies in stru ctio n s to d e te rm in e equipm ent setup and o p e r a tio n s ; loa d s equipm ent w ith re q u ire d ite m s (tape r e e ls , c a r d s , e t c .); sw itch e s n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia ry equ ipm ent into c ir c u it , and sta rts and o p e r a te s c o m p u te r ; m a k es adju stm en ts to c o m p u te r to c o r r e c t op era tin g p r o b le m s and m e e t s p e c ia l c o n d itio n s; re v ie w s e r r o r s m ade during o p e r a tio n and d e te rm in e s ca u se o r r e fe r s p r o b le m to s u p e r v is o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m a in tain s o p e ra tin g r e c o r d s . M ay te s t and a s s is t in c o r r e c t in g p r o g r a m . D oes not in clu d e e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le f o r the m a n agem ent o r s u p e r v is io n o f oth e r e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r im a r ily c o n c e rn e d w ith s c ie n tific a n d /o r en gin eerin g p r o b le m s . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , p r o g r a m m e r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la ss A . W ork s in depen den tly o r under on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n on c o m p le x p r o b le m s w hich re q u ire c o m p e te n c e in all p h a ses o f p r o g ra m m in g co n ce p ts and p r a c t ic e s . W orkin g fr o m d ia g ra m s and ch a rts w hich id en tify the n ature o f d e s ir e d r e s u lts , m a jo r p r o c e s s in g steps to be a c c o m p lis h e d , and the r e la tio n s h ip s betw een v a r io u s steps o f the p r o b le m so lv in g rou tin e; pla n s the fu ll ran ge o f p r o g r a m m in g a ction s n eeded to e ffic ie n tly u tilize the c o m p u te r s y s te m in a ch ievin g d e s ir e d end p r o d u c ts . to lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s who For w age study p u r p o s e s , c o m p u te r op era tors are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la ss A . O p e ra te s in d ep en d en tly , o r u nder on ly g e n e r a l d ir e c tio n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s : New p r o g r a m s a re freq u en tly te s te d and in tro d u ce d ; sch ed u lin g re q u ire m e n ts are 31 C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — Continued D R A F T E R — Continued o f c r it ic a l im p o rta n ce to m in im iz e dow n tim e; the p r o g r a m s a re o f c o m p le x d esig n so that id e n tifica tio n o f e r r o r s o u r c e often r e q u ir e s a w ork in g k n ow led g e o f the to ta l p r o g r a m , and a ltern a te p r o g r a m s m ay not be a v a ila b le. M ay g iv e d ir e c tio n and guid an ce to lo w e r le v e l o p e r a t o r s . m a te r ia ls to be u sed , loa d c a p a c it ie s , stre n g th s, s t r e s s e s , e tc . R e c e iv e s in itia l in s t r u c t io n s , r e q u ir e m e n ts , and a d v ice fr o m s u p e r v is o r . C om p leted w ork is ch e ck e d fo r te c h n ic a l ad equ acy. C la ss B . O p era tes in depen den tly , o r under on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n , a co m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s ; M ost o f the p r o g r a m s are e sta b lis h e d p ro d u ctio n ru n s, ty p ic a lly run on a r e g u la r ly r e c u r r in g b a s is ; th e r e is little o r no testin g o f new p r o g r a m s re q u ire d ; a ltern a te p r o g r a m s are p r o v id e d in c a se o r ig in a l p r o g r a m n eeds m a jo r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d w ithin a re a so n a b ly sh ort tim e . In co m m o n e r r o r situ a tion s, d ia g n o se s ca u se and takes c o r r e c t iv e a ction . T h is u su ally in v o lv e s applying p r e v io u s ly p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t iv e s te p s , o r using stan dard c o r r e c t io n tech n iq u e s . OR O p e ra te s u nder d ir e c t s u p e r v is io n a co m p u te r running p r o g r a m s o r segm en ts, o f p r o g r a m s w ith the c h a r a c t e r is t ic s d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A . May a s s is t a h ig h e r le v e l o p e r a t o r by in depen den tly p e r fo r m in g le s s d ifficu lt ta sk s a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g d ifficu lt ta sk s fo llo w in g d eta iled in s tru ctio n s and w ith frequ en t r e v ie w o f o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d . e x p e cte d a b ility to r e c e iv e d op era tor C la ss C . W ork s on routine p r o g r a m s u nder c lo s e s u p e r v is io n . Is to d e v e lo p w ork in g kn ow led ge o f the c o m p u te r equ ipm ent u sed and d etect p r o b le m s in v o lv e d in running routine p r o g r a m s . U su a lly has so m e fo r m a l tra in in g in c o m p u te r o p e r a tio n . M ay a s s is t h ig h e r le v e l on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . DRAFTER C la ss A . P la n s the g ra p h ic p re se n ta tio n o f c o m p le x ite m s having d is tin c tiv e d esig n fe a tu r e s that d iffe r sig n ific a n tly fr o m e sta b lis h e d drafting p r e c e d e n ts . W ork s in c lo s e su pport w ith the d esig n o r ig in a to r , and m ay r e co m m e n d m in o r d esig n ch a n g es. A n a ly zes the e ffe c t o f ea ch change on the d eta ils o f fo r m , fu n ction , and p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s o f com p on en ts and p a r ts . W ork s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s is ta n c e . C om p leted w ork is re v ie w e d by d e sig n o r ig in a to r f o r c o n s is t e n c y w ith p r io r en g in eerin g d e te rm in a tio n s. M ay e ith e r p r e p a r e draw in gs o r d ir e c t th e ir p r e p a r a tio n by lo w e r le v e l d r a fte r s . C la ss B . P e r fo r m s n on rou tin e and c o m p le x d raftin g a ssign m en ts that re q u ire the a p p lica tion o f m o s t o f the sta n d a rd iz ed draw ing tech n iq u es r e g u la r ly u sed . D uties ty p ic a lly in v o lv e su ch w o rk as: P r e p a r e s w ork in g draw in gs o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith ir r e g u la r sh a p e s, m u ltip le fu n c tio n s, and p r e c i s e p o s itio n a l re la tio n s h ip s b etw een com p on en ts; p r e p a r e s a r c h ite ctu r a l draw in gs f o r co n s tr u c tio n o f a bu ildin g in clu din g d eta il draw in gs o f fou nda tio n s , w a ll s e c t io n s , flo o r p la n s , and r o o f. U ses a c c e p te d fo r m u la s and m anu als in m aking n e c e s s a r y com pu ta tion s t o d eterm in e qu an tities o f C la ss C . P r e p a r e s d eta il draw in gs o f sin g le units o r p a rts f o r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s tr u c tio n , m a n u fa ctu rin g , o r r e p a ir p u r p o s e s . T y p es o f draw in gs p r e p a r e d in clu d e is o m e t r ic p r o je c t io n s (d ep ictin g th re e d im en sion s in a c c u r a te s c a le ) and s e c tio n a l v iew s to c la r ify p osition in g o f com p on en ts and co n v e y n eed ed in fo rm a tio n . C o n so lid a te s d eta ils fr o m a n u m b er o f s o u r c e s and ad ju sts o r tr a n s p o s e s s c a le as r e q u ire d . S u g gested m eth od s o f a p p roa ch , a p p lica b le p r e c e d e n ts , and a d v ice on s o u r c e m a te r ia ls a re given w ith in itia l a s sig n m e n ts . In stru ction s a re le s s c o m p le te when a ssign m en ts r e c u r . W ork m ay be s p o t-c h e c k e d during p r o g r e s s . D R A F T E R -T R A C E R C op ies plans and draw in gs p r e p a r e d by o th e rs by p la cin g tra cin g cloth o r p a p er o v e r draw in gs and tr a c in g w ith pen o r p e n c il. (D oes not in clu d e tr a c in g lim ite d to plans p r im a r ily c o n s is tin g o f stra ig h t lin e s and a la rg e s c a le not re q u irin g c lo s e d e lin e a tio n .) A N D /O R P r e p a r e s s im p le o r r e p e titiv e d raw in gs o f e a s ily v is u a liz e d ite m s . W ork is c lo s e ly s u p e r v is e d during p r o g r e s s . E LE C TR O N IC S TECH N ICIAN W ork s on v a r io u s ty p es o f e le c t r o n ic equ ipm ent and rela ted d e v ic e s by p e r fo r m in g one o r a com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g : In sta llin g , m a in tain in g, r e p a ir in g , ov e rh a u lin g , tr o u b le s h o o tin g , m o d ify in g , c o n s tr u c tin g , and testin g . W ork r e q u ir e s p r a c t ic a l a p p lica tion o f te c h n ic a l k n ow led ge o f e le c t r o n ic s p r in c ip le s , a b ility to d eterm in e m a lfu n c tio n s , and s k ill to put equipm ent in r e q u ire d op era tin g con d ition . The equ ipm ent— co n s is tin g o f e ith e r m any d iffe re n t kinds o f c ir c u its o r m u ltip le re p e titio n o f the sa m e kind o f c ir c u it — in c lu d e s , but is not lim ite d to , the fo llo w in g : (a) E le c t r o n ic tr a n sm ittin g and r e c e iv in g equipm ent (e .g ., r a d a r , r a d io , te le v is io n , te le p h o n e , s o n a r , n a v iga tion a l a id s ), (b) dig ital and analog c o m p u te r s , and (c) in d u str ia l and m e d ic a l m e a su rin g and c o n tr o llin g equ ipm ent. T h is c la s s ific a t io n e x clu d e s r e p a ir e r s o f su ch standard e le c t r o n ic equ ipm ent as co m m o n o ffic e m a ch in e s and h ou seh old ra d io and t e le v is io n s e t s ; p r o d u c tio n a s s e m b le r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duty is s e r v ic in g e le c t r o n ic te s t in stru m e n ts ; te c h n ic ia n s who have a d m in istra tiv e o r s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ility ; and d r a ft e r s , d e s ig n e r s , and p r o fe s s io n a l e n g in e e r s . P o s itio n s d e fin itio n s . a re c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a s is o f the follow in g C la ss A . A p p lies ad va n ced te c h n ic a l k n ow led ge to so lv e unusually c o m p le x p r o b le m s ( i . e . , th o se that ty p ic a lly cannot be s o lv e d s o le ly by r e fe r e n c e to m a n u fa c tu r e r s ' m anu als o r s im ila r d ocu m en ts) in w ork in g on ELE C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — Continued E L E C T R O N IC S TE C H N IC IA N — Continued C la ss C . A p p lies w ork in g te c h n ic a l k n ow led ge to p e r fo r m sim p le o r routine ta sk s in w ork in g on e le c t r o n ic equ ipm en t, follow in g d eta iled in s tru c tio n s w h ich c o v e r v ir tu a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s such ta sk s as: A s s is tin g h ig h er le v e l te ch n icia n s by p e r fo r m in g such a c tiv itie s as re p la c in g co m p o n e n ts, w irin g c ir c u it s , and taking te s t rea d in g s; re p a irin g sim p le e le c t r o n ic equ ipm en t; and using to o ls and com m on te s t in stru m en ts ( e .g ., m u lt im e t e r s , audio sign a l g e n e r a t o r s , tube t e s t e r s , o s c ill o s c o p e s ) . Is not re q u ire d to be fa m ilia r w ith the in te r re la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s . T h is k n ow led g e, h o w e v e r, m a y be a c q u ir e d th rou gh a ssign m en ts d esig n ed to in c r e a s e co m p e te n ce (in clu din g c la s s r o o m tra in in g ) so that w o r k e r can advance to h ig h e r le v e l te ch n icia n . e le c t r o n ic equ ipm ent. E x a m p les o f su ch p r o b l e m s ' in clu de lo c a tio n and den sity o f c ir c u it r y , e le c tr o m a g n e tic ra d ia tion , is o la tin g m a lfu n c tio n s, and frequ en t e n g in eerin g ch a n g es. W ork in v o lv e s : A d eta iled understan din g o f the in te r re la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s ; e x e r c is in g independent ju dgm en t in p e r fo rm in g su ch ta sk s as m aking c ir c u it a n a ly s e s , ca lcu la tin g w ave fo r m s , tr a c in g re la tio n s h ip s in sig n a l flow ; and r e g u la r ly using c o m p le x te s t in stru m en ts ( e .g ., dual tr a c e o s c i l l o s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , dev iation m e t e r s , pu lse g e n e r a to r s ). W ork m a y be re v ie w e d by s u p e r v is o r (freq u en tly an e n g in eer o r d e s ig n e r ) fo r g e n e r a l c o m p lia n ce w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s . M ay p r o v id e te c h n ic a l guidan ce to lo w e r le v e l te c h n ic ia n s . R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ire d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h igh er le v e l te ch n icia n . W ork is ty p ic a lly spot ch e ck e d , but is given d eta iled r e v ie w w hen new o r ad va n ced a ssign m en ts a re in v olv ed . R E G ISTE R E D IN D U STRIA L NURSE C la ss B . A p p lies c o m p r e h e n s iv e te c h n ic a l k n ow led ge to so lv e c o m p lex p r o b le m s ( i .e ., th ose that ty p ic a lly can be s o lv e d s o le ly by p r o p e r ly in te rp re tin g m a n u fa c tu r e r s 1 m anu als o r s im ila r d ocu m en ts) in w ork in g on e le c t r o n ic equ ipm ent. W ork in v o lv e s : A fa m ilia r ity w ith the in te r r e la tio n sh ips o f c ir c u it s ; and ju dgm en t in d eterm in in g w ork seq u en ce and in s e le ctin g to o ls and testin g in stru m e n ts, u su ally le s s c o m p le x than th o se u sed by the c la s s A tech n icia n . A r e g is t e r e d n u rse who g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v ic e under g e n e r a l m e d ic a l d ir e c tio n to ill o r in ju re d e m p lo y e e s o r oth er p e r s o n s who b e c o m e ill o r s u ffe r an a ccid e n t on the p r e m is e s o f a fa c to r y o r oth er esta b lish m en t. D uties in v o lv e a com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g : G iving fir s t aid to the ill o r in ju re d ; attending to su bsequ en t d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; keeping r e c o r d s o f patien ts tr e a te d ; p re p a rin g a ccid e n t r e p o rts fo r com p en sa tion o r oth e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s is tin g in p h y s ic a l ex am in a tion s and health evalu ation s o f a p plican ts and e m p lo y e e s ; and planning and c a r ry in g out p r o g r a m s in volvin g h ealth ed u ca tion , a ccid e n t p r e v e n tio n , evalu ation o f plant en viron m en t, o r oth e r a c tiv itie s a ffectin g the h ealth, w e lfa r e , and sa fety o f all p e r so n n e l. N u rsin g s u p e r v is o r s o r head n u r s e s in e sta b lish m en ts em p loyin g m o r e than one n u rse a re e x clu d ed . R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ir e d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h igh er le v e l te c h n ic ia n , and w ork is r e v ie w e d fo r s p e c ific c o m p lia n ce w ith a c c e p te d p r a c t ic e s and w o rk a s sig n m e n ts . M ay p r o v id e te c h n ic a l guidan ce to lo w e r le v e l te c h n ic ia n s . MAINTENANCE, TOOLROOM, AND POWERPLANT M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N — Continued P e r fo r m s the ca rp en try duties n e c e s s a r y to c o n s tr u c t and m ain tain in g ood r e p a ir bu ildin g w ood w ork and equipm ent su ch as b in s , c r ib s , c o u n te r s , b e n c h e s , p a r titio n s , d o o r s , f lo o r s , s t a ir s , c a s in g s , and tr im m ade o f w ood in an e sta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lanning and layin g out o f w ork fr o m b lu e p r in ts , d ra w in g s, m o d e ls , o r v e r b a l in s tru ctio n s ; using a v a r ie ty o f c a r p e n t e r 's h a n d tools, p o rta b le p o w e r t o o ls , and stan dard m e a su rin g in stru m e n ts ; m aking stan dard shop com pu tation s relatin g to d im en sion s o f w o rk ; and s e le ctin g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r the w ork . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten an ce c a r p e n te r r e q u ire s roun ded train in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n c e . w irin g o r e le c t r ic a l equ ipm ent; and using a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic ia n 's handtools and m e a su rin g and testin g in stru m e n ts . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m a in ten an ce e le c t r ic ia n r e q u ir e s roun ded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e usu ally a c q u iic d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN TE N AN C E P A IN T E R P ain ts and r e d e c o r a t e s w a lls , w o o d w o rk , and fix tu re s o f an e s ta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s the fo llo w in g : K now ledge o f s u r fa c e p e c u lia r itie s and ty p es o f paint r e q u ire d fo r d iffe re n t a p p lica tio n s ; p re p a rin g s u r fa c e fo r painting by r em ov in g o ld fin ish o r by p la cin g putty o r f ill e r in n ail h oles and in t e r s t ic e s ; and applying paint w ith sp ra y gun o r b ru sh . M ay m ix c o lo r s , o ils , w hite lea d , and oth e r paint in g red ien ts to obtain p r o p e r c o lo r o r c o n s is te n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m ain ten an ce p a in ter r e q u ire s rounded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N P e r fo r m s a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l tra d e fu n ction s su ch as the in sta lla tio n , m a in ten a n ce, o r r e p a ir o f equipm ent fo r the g e n e ra tio n , d is t r i b u tion , o r u tiliza tion o f e le c t r ic en e rg y in an esta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In stallin g o r re p a ir in g any o f a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l equipm ent su ch as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s fo r m e r s , s w itch b o a rd s , c o n t r o lle r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , heating units, conduit s y s t e m s , o r oth er t r a n s m is s io n equ ipm ent; w ork in g fr o m b lu e p r in ts , d ra w in g s, la y o u ts , o r oth er s p e c ific a tio n s ; lo c a tin g and d ia gn osin g tr o u b le in the e le c t r ic a l s y s te m o r equipm ent; w ork in g stan dard com pu ta tion s rela tin g to loa d re q u ire m e n ts o f M AIN TE N AN C E MACHINIST P r o d u c e s re p la c e m e n t p a rts and new p a rts in m aking re p a ir s o f m e ta l p a rts o f m e c h a n ic a l equipm ent o p e r a te d in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : In terp retin g w ritten in stru ction s and s p e c if i c a tio n s ; planning and layin g out o f w o rk ; using a v a r ie ty o f m a ch in is t's handtools 33 M A IN T E N A N C E M ACH IN IST— Continued M A IN T E N A N C E P IP E F IT T E R — Continued and p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in stru m e n ts ; settin g up and op era tin g stan dard m a ch in e t o o ls ; shaping o f m e ta l p a rts to c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; m aking stan dard shop com pu ta tion s rela tin g to d im en sion s o f w o rk , to o lin g , fe e d s , ana sp eed s o f m a ch in in g; k n ow led ge o f the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the co m m o n m e ta ls ; s e le c tin g stan dard m a t e r ia ls , p a r t s , and equ ipm ent r e q u ire d fo r th is w o rk ; and fittin g and a s s e m b lin g p a rts into m e c h a n ica l equ ipm ent. In g e n e r a l, the m a c h in is t's w ork n o r m a lly r e q u ir e s a roun ded tra in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p p r a c t ic e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . m e e t s p e c ific a t io n s . In g e n e r a l, the w o rk o f the m a in ten an ce p ip e fitte r r e q u ir e s roun ded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . W o r k e r s p r im a r ily en ga ged in in sta llin g and r e p a ir in g bu ildin g sa n ita tion o r heating sy s te m s a re e x c lu d e d . M AIN TE N AN C E M ECH ANIC (M ACH IN E RY ) R e p a irs m a ch in e ry o r m e c h a n ica l equ ipm ent o f an esta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xam in in g m a ch in es and m e c h a n ica l equipm ent to d ia g n ose s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; dism a n tlin g o r p a rtly d ism a n tlin g m a ch in es and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e the use o f h an dtools in sc r a p in g and fittin g p a r t s ; re p la cin g b rok en o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts w ith ite m s obtain ed fr o m s to ck ; o r d e r in g the p r o d u ctio n o f a re p la ce m e n t p a rt by a m a ch in e sh op o r sending the m a ch in e to a m a ch in e shop fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p r e p a r in g w ritten s p e c ific a tio n s fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r fo r the p r o d u c tio n o f p a rts o r d e r e d fr o m m a ch in e sh op s; r e a s s e m b lin g m a ch in e s ; and m aking all n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts f o r o p e r a tio n . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f a m a ch in e ry m a in ten a n ce m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s roun ded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . E x clu d ed fr o m th is c la s s ific a t io n a re w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y du ties in v olv e settin g up o r ad ju sting m a ch in e s. M A IN TE N AN C E M ECH AN IC (M O TO R V E H IC L E ) R e p a ir s a u to m o b ile s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and tr a c t o r s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : E xam in ing a u tom otive equ ipm ent to d ia g n ose s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d is a s s e m b lin g equ ipm ent and p e r fo r m in g r e p a ir s that in v o lv e the use o f su ch h an dtools as w r e n c h e s , g a u g es, d r ills , o r s p e c ia liz e d equ ipm ent in d is a s s e m b lin g o r fittin g p a rts; re p la cin g b ro k e n o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts fr o m s to c k ; g rin din g and adju sting v a lv e s ; r e a s s e m b lin g and in sta llin g the v a r io u s a s s e m b lie s in the v e h ic le and m aking n e c e s s a r y a d ju stm en ts; and aligning w h e e ls , ad ju sting b ra k e s and lig h ts, o r tightening bod y b o lts . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m o t o r v e h ic le m a in ten an ce m e c h a n ic r e q u ir e s rounded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rough a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . T h is c la s s ific a t io n does not in clu d e m e c h a n ics who r e p a ir c u s t o m e r s ' v e h ic le s in a u tom ob ile r e p a ir sh op s. M A IN TE N AN C E P IP E F IT T E R In sta lls o r r e p a ir s w a te r , ste a m , g a s, o r oth er ty p es o f pipe and p ip efittin g s in an e sta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : L aying out w o rk and m e a su rin g to lo c a te p o s itio n o f pipe fr o m draw in gs o r oth er w ritten s p e c ific a t io n s ; cutting v a r io u s s iz e s o f pip e to c o r r e c t lengths with c h is e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a ce ty le n e t o r c h o r p ip e -c u ttin g m a ch in e s ; th readin g pipe w ith sto ck s and d ie s ; ben din g pip e by h a n d -d riv e n o r p o w e r -d r iv e n m a ch in e s ; a s s e m b lin g pip e w ith cou p lin g s and fa sten in g pipe to h a n g e rs; m aking stan dard sh op com pu tation s rela tin g to p r e s s u r e s , flo w , and s iz e o f pipe r e q u ire d ; and m aking standard te s ts to d e te rm in e w h eth er fin ish ed p ip es M AIN TE N A N C E S H E E T -M E T A L W O RK ER F a b r ic a t e s , in s t a lls , and m a in tain s in g ood r e p a ir the s h e e t-m e ta l equ ipm ent and fix tu re s (su ch as m a ch in e g u a rd s , g r e a s e p a n s, s h e lv e s , lo c k e r s , ta n k s, v e n t ila t o r s , ch u te s , d u cts, m e ta l r o o fin g ) o f an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lann in g and layin g out a ll ty p e s o f s h e e t-m e ta l m a in ten an ce w ork fr o m b lu e p r in ts , m o d e ls , o r oth er s p e c if i c a tio n s ; settin g up and op era tin g a ll a v a ila b le ty p es o f s h e e t-m e ta l w ork in g m a ch in e s ; using a v a r ie ty o f h an dtools in cuttin g, ben d in g , fo r m in g , sh ap ing, fittin g , and a s s e m b lin g ; and in sta llin g s h e e t-m e ta l a r t ic le s as r e q u ire d . Tn g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m a in ten an ce s h e e t-m e ta l w o r k e r r e q u ire s rounded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rou gh a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M ILLW RIG H T In sta lls new m a ch in e s o r h ea v y equ ipm en t, and d ism a n tles and in s ta lls m a ch in e s o r h eav y equ ipm ent w hen ch a n ges in the plant la you t are re q u ire d . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : P lann in g and layin g out w o rk ; in te r p r e tin g b lu e p rin ts o r oth e r s p e c ific a t io n s ; using a v a r ie ty o f h an dtools and r ig g in g ; m akin g stan dard shop com p u ta tion s rela tin g to s t r e s s e s , stren g th o f m a t e r ia ls , and c e n te rs o f g r a v ity ; a lign in g and ba la n cin g equ ipm ent; s e le c tin g stan d ard t o o l s , equ ipm en t, and p a rts to be u sed; and in sta llin g and m ain taining in g ood o r d e r p o w e r tr a n s m is s io n equ ipm ent su ch as d r iv e s and sp e e d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l, the m illw r ig h t 's w o rk n o rm a lly r e q u ir e s a rounded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e in the tra d e a c q u ir e d th rough a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r eq u ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M A IN TE N A N C E T R A D E S H E L P E R A s s is t s one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in .th e s k ille d m a in ten an ce t r a d e s , by p e r fo r m in g s p e c ifi c o r g e n e r a l duties o f l e s s e r s k ill, such as k eepin g a w o r k e r su p p lied w ith m a te r ia ls and t o o l s ; clea n in g w ork in g a r e a , m a ch in e , and equ ipm en t; a s s is tin g jo u rn e y m a n by h old in g m a te r ia ls o r t o o ls ; and p e r fo r m in g oth e r u n s k ille d ta sk s as d ir e c t e d b y jou rn ey m a n . The kind o f w ork the h e lp e r is p e r m itte d to p e r fo r m v a r ie s fr o m trad e to tra d e : In so m e tr a d e s the h e lp e r is con fin ed to su p p lyin g , liftin g , and h olding m a te r ia ls and t o o l s , and clean in g w ork in g a r e a s ; and in o th e r s he is p e r m itte d to p e r fo r m s p e c ia liz e d m a ch in e o p e r a tio n s , o r p a rts o f a trad e that are a lso p e r fo r m e d by w o r k e r s on a fu ll-t im e b a s is . M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M ) S p e c ia liz e s in op era tin g on e o r m o r e than one type o f m a ch in e t o o l ( e .g ., jig b o r e r , g rin din g m a ch in e , en gin e la th e, m illin g m a ch in e ) to m a ch in e m eta l f o r u se in m akin g o r m ain taining ji g s , fix tu r e s , cutting t o o l s , g a u g es, o r m e ta l d ies o r m o ld s u sed in shaping o r fo rm in g m e ta l o r n o n m e ta llic m a te r ia l ( e .g ., p la s t ic , p la s t e r , r u b b e r , g la s s ). W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s : Planning and p e r fo r m in g d ifficu lt m ach in in g o p e ra tio n s w h ich re q u ire c o m p lic a te d setups o r a high d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; setting up m a ch in e M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O LR O O M )— Continued T O O L AND DIE M A K E R — Continued to o l o r to o ls (e .g ., in s ta ll cutting to o ls and adjust g u id es, s to p s, w ork in g ta b le s , and oth er c o n t r o ls to handle the s iz e o f s to ck to be m a ch in ed ; d eterm in e p r o p e r fe e d s , s p e e d s , to o lin g , and o p e r a tio n seq u en ce o r s e le c t th ose p r e s c r ib e d in d ra w in g s , b lu e p r in ts , o r la y o u ts ); u sin g a v a r ie ty o f p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in stru m e n ts ; m akin g n e c e s s a r y ad ju stm en ts during m ach in in g o p e r a tio n to a ch iev e r e q u isite d im en sion s to v e ry c lo s e t o le r a n c e s . M ay be r e q u ire d to s e le c t p r o p e r coola n ts and cutting and lu b rica tin g o ils , to r e co g n iz e when to o ls n eed d r e s s in g , and to d r e s s t o o ls . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f a m a c h in e -to o l o p e r a t o r (to o lr o o m ) at the s k ill le v e l ca lle d fo r in this c la s s ific a t io n r e q u ir e s e x te n siv e k n ow led ge o f m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o l room p r a c tic e u su a lly a c q u ir e d th rou gh c o n s id e r a b le o n -t h e -jo b tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . w ork in g to v e r y c lo s e to le r a n c e s ; h e a t-tre a tin g m eta l p a rts and fin ish ed to o ls and dies to a ch ie v e re q u ire d q u a litie s ; fittin g and a ssem b lin g p a rts to p r e s c r ib e d to le r a n c e s and a llo w a n ce s . In g e n e r a l, the to o l and die m a k e r 's w o rk r e q u ir e s roun ded tra in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p and t o o lr o o m p r a c tic e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rou g h fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n c e . F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s , th is c la s s ific a tio n does not in clu d e t o o l and die m a k e rs who (1) are em p lo y e d in to o l and die job b in g shops o r (2) p r o d u c e fo r g in g d ies (die s in k e r s ). ST A TIO N A R Y EN GIN EER F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s , th is c la s s ific a t io n does not in clude m a c h in e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s (to o lr o o m ) e m p lo y e d in t o o l and die job b in g sh ops. O p era tes and m a in tain s and m ay a lso s u p e r v is e the op e ra tio n o f sta tion a ry en gin es and equ ipm ent (m e c h a n ica l o r e le c t r ic a l) to supply the e sta b lish m en t in w h ich e m p lo y e d w ith p o w e r , h eat, r e fr ig e r a tio n , o r a i r con d ition in g. W ork in v o lv e s : O p era tin g and m ain taining equipm ent su ch as stea m e n g in e s, a ir c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , tu r b in e s, ventilatin g and r e fr ig e r a tin g equ ipm en t, stea m b o ile r s and b o i le r - f e d w a ter pu m ps; m aking equipm ent r e p a ir s ; and keep in g a r e c o r d o f op era tion o f m a ch in e ry , te m p e r a tu r e , and fu el con su m p tion . M ay a lso su p e r v is e th ese o p e r a tio n s . H ead o r c h ie f e n g in e e rs in e sta b lish m e n ts em p loy in g m o r e than one e n g in eer are e x c lu d e d . TO O L AND DIE M A K E R C o n stru cts and r e p a ir s ji g s , fix tu r e s , cutting t o o l s , g a u ges, o r m eta l d ies o r m o ld s u sed in shaping o r fo r m in g m eta l o r n o n m e ta llic m a te r ia l (e .g ., p la s t ic , p la s t e r , r u b b e r, g la s s ). W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s : P lanning and la yin g out w ork a c c o rd in g to m o d e ls , b lu e p r in ts , d ra w in g s, o r oth e r w ritten o r o r a l s p e c ific a t io n s ; understan din g the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f co m m o n m e ta ls and a llo y s ; s e le ctin g a p p ro p ria te m a te r ia ls , t o o l s , and p r o c e s s e s re q u ire d to com p lete ta sk ; m akin g n e c e s s a r y shop com p u ta tion s; settin g up and o p e ra tin g v a r io u s m a ch in e to o ls and rela ted equ ipm ent; using v a r io u s t o o l and die m a k e r 's h an dtools and p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in stru m en ts; B O IL E R T E N D E R F ir e s sta tion a ry b o ile r s to fu rn ish the esta b lish m en t in w hich e m p lo y e d w ith h eat, p o w e r , o r steam . F e e d s fu els to fir e by hand o r o p e r a te s a m e c h a n ic a l s to k e r , g a s , o r o il b u r n e r ; and ch eck s w a ter and sa fety v a lv e s . M ay cle a n , o il, o r a s s is t in re p a irin g b o ile r r o o m equipm ent. MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL TR U C K D R IV E R SHIPPING AND RE CEIVIN G C LE R K — Continued D riv e s a tr u ck w ithin a city o r in d u stria l a r e a to tr a n s p o r t m a t e r ia ls , m e r c h a n d is e , equ ipm en t, o r w o r k e r s b etw een v a r io u s typ es o f e sta b lish m en ts su ch as: M an u factu rin g p la n ts, fre ig h t d ep ots, w a r e h o u s e s , w h o le s a le and re ta il e s ta b lis h m e n ts , o r b etw een r e ta il e sta b lish m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ' h ou ses o r p la c e s o f b u s in e s s . M ay a lso loa d o r unload tru ck w ith o r without h e lp e r s , m a ke m in o r m e c h a n ica l r e p a ir s , and k eep tru ck in g ood w ork in g o r d e r . S a le s -r o u t e and o v e r -t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s are e x c lu d e d . in v o lv e s : A k n ow led ge o f shipping p r o c e d u r e s , p r a c t ic e s , ro u te s, a v a ila b le m ea n s o f tr a n sp o rta tio n , and r a te s ; and p re p a rin g r e c o r d s o f the g oods sh ip p ed , m aking up b ills o f la d in g, p ostin g w eigh t and shipping c h a r g e s , and k eepin g a file o f shipping r e c o r d s . M ay d ir e c t o r a s s is t in p r e p a r in g the m e r c h a n d is e fo r sh ipm ent. R e c e iv in g w ork in v o lv e s : V e r ify in g o r d ir e c tin g o th e rs in v e r ify in g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f sh ipm ents against b ills o f la d in g, in v o ic e s , o r oth e r r e c o r d s ; ch eck in g fo r sh o rta g e s and r e je c tin g dam aged g o o d s ; routing m e r c h a n d is e o r m a te r ia ls to p r o p e r d ep a rtm en ts; and m aintaining n e c e s s a r y r e c o r d s and file s . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , tr u c k d r iv e r s are c la s s ifie d by s iz e and type o f equ ip m en t, as fo llo w s : ( T r a c t o r -t r a ile r should be rated on the b a s is o f t r a ile r c a p a city .) T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , T r u c k d r iv e r , F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : light tru ck (under IV2 ton s) m ed iu m tru ck ( 1V2 to and in clu d in g 4 ton s) h eavy tru ck (tr a ile r ) (o v e r 4 ton s) h eavy tru ck (oth er than t r a i le r ) (o v e r 4 ton s) Shipping c le r k R e c e iv in g c le rk Shipping and r e c e iv in g c le r k SHIPPING AND RE CEIVIN G C LE R K W AREH O USEM AN P r e p a r e s m e r c h a n d is e fo r sh ip m en t, o r r e c e iv e s and is r e s p o n s ib le fo r in com in g sh ipm en ts o f m e r c h a n d is e o r o th e r m a te r ia ls . Shipping w ork A s d ir e c te d , p e r fo r m s a v a r ie ty o f w a reh ou sin g duties w hich re q u ire an u nderstan din g o f the e sta b lis h m e n t's s to ra g e p la n . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t 35 W A R E H O U SE M A N — Continued M A T E R IA L H AN DLING L A B O R E R — Continued o f the fo llo w in g : V e r ify in g m a te r ia ls (o r m e r c h a n d is e ) against r e c e iv in g d o cu m e n ts, noting and r e p o rtin g d is c r e p a n c ie s and ob v iou s d a m a g e s; routing m a te r ia ls to p r e s c r ib e d sto ra g e lo c a t io n s ; s to rin g , sta ck in g, o r p a lle tiz in g m a te r ia ls in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r ib e d s to ra g e m eth od s; r e a rra n g in g and taking in v e n to ry o f s to r e d m a t e r ia ls ; exam in in g s t o r e d m a te r ia ls and r e p ortin g d e t e r io r a tio n and da m ag e; r em ov in g m a te r ia l fr o m s to ra g e and p r e p a r in g it fo r sh ipm ent. M ay o p e ra te hand o r p o w e r tru ck s in p e r fo r m in g w a reh ou sin g du ties. c a r s , tr u c k s , o r oth er tr a n sp o rtin g d e v ic e s ; u npacking, sh e lv in g , o r p la cin g m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e in p r o p e r s to ra g e lo c a tio n ; and tr a n s p o rtin g m a te r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e by h an dtruck, c a r , o r w h e e lb a r r o w . L on gshore w o r k e r s , who loa d and unload sh ip s , a re e x c lu d e d . E x clu d e w o r k e r s w h ose p r im a r y duties in v o lv e shipping and r e c e iv in g w ork (s e e Shipping and R e ce iv in g C le rk and Shipping P a c k e r ), o r d e r fillin g (se e O r d e r F il le r ) , o r op era tin g p o w e r tr u ck s (se e P o w e r -T r u c k O p e ra to r ). P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s a m anu ally c o n t r o lle d g a s o lin e - o r e le c t r ic -p o w e r e d tru ck o r t r a c t o r to tr a n sp o rt good s and m a te r ia ls o f a ll kinds about a w a r e h o u s e , m an u factu rin g plant, o r oth er esta b lis h m e n t. F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s are c la s s ifie d by type o f p o w e r tr u ck , as fo llo w s : O RD ER F IL L E R F ills shipping o r t r a n s fe r o r d e r s fo r fin ish ed g ood s fr o m s to r e d m e r c h a n d ise in a c c o r d a n c e w ith s p e c ific a tio n s on s a le s s lip s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r oth e r in s tr u c tio n s . M ay, in addition to fillin g o r d e r s and in dicatin g ite m s fille d o r o m itte d , k eep r e c o r d s o f ou tgoing o r d e r s , re q u isitio n a d d i tion a l sto ck o r r e p o rt sh ort su p p lies to s u p e r v is o r , and p e r fo r m o th e r re la te d d u tie s . SHIPPING P A C K E R P r e p a r e s fin ish e d p r o d u c ts fo r shipm ent o r sto ra g e by p la cin g them in shipping c o n ta in e r s , the s p e c ific o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d bein g dependent upon the ty p e , s iz e , and n u m b er o f units to be p a ck e d , the type o f con ta in er e m p lo y e d , and m eth od o f sh ipm en t. W ork r e q u ir e s the p la cin g o f ite m s in shipping con ta in ers and m a y in v o lv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : K now ledge o f v a r io u s ite m s o f s to ck in o r d e r to v e r ify con ten t; s e le c t io n o f a p p rop ria te type and s iz e o f c o n ta in e r; in se r tin g e n c lo s u r e s in co n ta in e r; using e x c e ls io r o r oth er m a te r ia l to p rev en t b r ea k a g e o r d a m a g e; c lo sin g and sea lin g con ta in er; and applying la b e ls o r en terin g id en tifyin g data on co n ta in e r. P a c k e r s who a ls o m ake w ood en b o x e s o r c ra te s a re e x clu d ed . M A T E R IA L HANDLING L A B O R E R A w o r k e r e m p lo y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u factu rin g plant, s t o r e , o r oth er esta b lis h m e n t w h ose duties in v olv e one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : L oad ing and unloading v a r io u s m a te r ia ls and m e r c h a n d is e on o r fr o m freig h t F o r k lift o p e r a to r P o w e r -t r u c k o p e r a t o r (oth er than fo r k lift) GUARD AND W A T C H M A N G u a rd . P e r fo r m s routine p o lic e d u tie s , e ith e r at fix e d p o s t o r on to u r , m ain taining o r d e r , using a rm s o r f o r c e w h e re n e c e s s a r y . In cludes guards who are station ed at gate and ch eck on iden tity o f e m p lo y e e s and oth e r p e r s o n s e n te r in g . W a tch m a n . M akes rounds o f p r e m is e s p r o p e r ty against f i r e , th eft, and ille g a l en try. p e r io d ic a lly in p r o te c tin g JA N IT O R , P O R T E R , O R C L E A N E R C lean s and k eep s in an o r d e r ly con d ition fa c to r y w ork in g a rea s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m is e s o f an o f f i c e , ap artm en t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r c ia l o r o th e r esta b lis h m e n t. D uties in v o lv e a com b in a tion o f the fo llo w in g : Sw eeping, m op pin g o r sc r u b b in g , and p o lish in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v in g ch ip s, tr a s h , and oth e r r e fu s e ; dusting equ ip m en t, fu rn itu r e , o r fix tu r e s ; p o lish in g m eta l fix tu re s o r tr im m in g s ; p r o v id in g su p p lies and m in o r m a in ten an ce s e r v ic e s ; and clean in g la v a t o r ie s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s who s p e c ia liz e in w indow w ashin g a re ex clu d e d . Area Wage Surveys A l is t of the la te s t a v a ila b le b u lle tin s o r b u lle tin su p p lem en ts is p r e s e n te d b e lo w . A d ir e c t o r y o f a r e a w age stu dies in clu d in g m o r e lim ite d stu dies con d u cted at the requ est of the E m ploym en t Standards A d m in is tra tio n o f the D epartm en t of L a b o r is a v a ila b le on requ est. B u lle tin s m a y be p u r c h a s e d f r o m any o f the BLS r e g io n a l o f fi c e s shown on the b a ck c o v e r . B u lletin su pplem en ts m ay be obtained w ithout c o s t , w h e re in d ica te d , fr o m BLS r e g io n a l o f fic e s . A rea Akron, Ohio, Dec. 197 5 ____________________________________________________________ Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N .Y., Sept. 1975 1_____________________________________ Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grove, C alif., Oct. 19751------------------------------------------Atlanta, G a.,May 1976____ ________________________________________________________ Austin, Tex., Dec. 1975 1___________________________________________________________ Baltim ore, Md., Aug. 1975 1 _______________________________________________________ Billings, .M ont., July 1975_________________________________________________________ Binghamton, N.Y.—Pa., July 1975 _________________________________________________ Birmingham, Ala., Mar. 1976 1____________________________________________________ Boston, M ass., Aug. 1975 1__________________________________ ______ _______________ Buffalo, N. Y .,Oct. 19751___________________________________________________________ Canton, Ohio,May 1976____________________________________________________________ Chattanooga, Tenn.—Ga., Sept. 1975 1______________________________________________ Chicago, 111., May 1976 ____________________________________________________________ Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.—Ind., Mar. 1976_____________________________________________ Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 1975________________________________________________________ Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 1975 1 _______________________________________________________ Corpus C hristi, T e x ., July 1975___________________________________________________ Dallas—F ort Worth, T e x ., Oct.' 1975 1 ________ _____________________________________ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111., Feb. 1976_____________________________ Dayton, Ohio, Dec. 1975____________________________________________________________ Daytona Beach, F la ., Aug. 1975-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Denver—B oulder, C o lo ., Dec. 1975____ ____________________________________________ Detroit, M ich ., Mar. 1976 1 ________________________________________________________ F ort Lauderdale—Hollywood and West Palm Beach— Boca Raton, Fla., Apr. 1976______________________________________________________ Fresno, Calif., June 1976____________ ______________________________________________ G ainesville, F la ., Sept. 1975 ______________________________________________________ Green Bay, W is., July 1975 1 ______________________________________________________ Greensboro—Wins ton-Salem —High Point, N.C., Aug. 197 5___________ ______________ Greenville—Spartanburg, S.C., June 1975 __________________________________________ Ha rtf ord, Conn., Mar. 1976________________________________________________________ Houston, Tex., Apr. 1976__________________________________________________________ Huntsville, A la., Feb. 1976 _________________________________ ______ ________________ Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 1975 1 _____________________________________________________ Jackson, M is s ., Feb. 1976_________________________________________________________ Jacksonville, F la ., Dec. 1975 _____________________________________________________ Kansas City, Mo.—Kans., Sept. 197 5 _______________________________________________ Lexington—Fayette, Ky., Nov. 1975 1_________ ______________________________________ Los Angeles—Long Beach, C a lif., Oct. 1975 1______________________________________ L ou isville, Ky.—Ind., Nov. 1975 __________________________________________________ Melbourne—Titusville—C ocoa, F la ., Aug. 1975_____________________________________ M em phis, Tenn.—A rk.—M iss., Nov. 1975 __________________________________________ * Prices are d e te rm in e d by th e G o v e rn m e n t P rin tin g O ffic e and are s u b je c t to change. 1 D ata on es ta b lis h m e n t pra c tic e s and s u p p le m e ntary w ag e provisions are also presented. 2 T o be surveyed. B u lletin n um ber and p r i c e * 1850-80, 1850-63, 1850-75, 1900-30, 1850-83, 1850-62, 1850-46, 1850-50, 1900-11, 1850-58, 1850-69, 1900-28, 1850-67, 1900-32, 1900-7, 1850-64, 1850-78, 1850-37, 1850-59, 1900-25, 1850-73, 1850-47, 1850-82, 1900-15, 45 cents $1.20 85 cents 85 cents 75 cents $1.30 65 cents 65 cents 95 cents $1.50 95 cents 55 cents 85 cents $1.05 75 cents $1.30 95 cents 65 cents $1.50 55 cents 45 cents 65 cents 75 cents $1.25 1900-20, 1900-29, 1850-57, 1850-44, 1850-49, 1850-42, 1900-14, 1900-26, 1900-17, 1850-66, 1900-8, 1850-81, 1850-55, 1850-84, 1850-86, 1850-79, 1850-54, 1850-85, 55 cents 45 cents $1.10 80 cents 65 cents 65 cents 55 cents 85 cents 55 cents 95 cents 55 cents 45 cents 80 cents 75 cents $1.15 45 cents 65 cents 45 cents A rea M ia m i, F l a . , O ct. 1975__________________________________________ ________________________ M ilw aukee, W is ., A p r. 1976_____________________________________________________________ M in n eap olis—St. P aul, M inn.—W is .,Jan. 1976___________________________________________ N assau—S u ffolk , N .Y ., June 1975 1_______________________________________________________ N ew ark, N .J., Jan. 1976__________________________________________________________________ New O rle a n s , L a ., Jan. 1976 ____________________________________________________________ New Y o r k , N .Y .-N .J ., M ay 1975 1 _______________________________________ ________ ______ N orfolk —V ir g in ia Beach—P o rts m o u th , V a.—N. C ., M ay 1976 1_________________________ N orfolk —V ir g in ia B each—P o rts m o u th and N ew port N ews— H am pton, V a .-N .C ., M ay 1 9 7 6 1_______________________________________________________ N orth ea st P e n n s y lv a n ia , A ug. 1975 __________________________________________________ O klahom a C ity, O k la ., A u g. 1 9 7 5 _______________________________________________________ O m aha, N ebr.—Iowa, O ct. 1 97 5__________________________________________________________ P a te rs o n —C lifton—P a s s a ic , N .J ., June 1975 1____________________________________________ P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .—N. J ., Nov. 197 5 ___________________ ______________ ___________________ P ittsb u rgh , P a ., Jan. 1976 1_____________________________________________________________ P o rtla n d , M aine, N ov. 1975______________________________________________________________ P o rtla n d , O r e g.—W a s h ., M ay 1975 ______________________________________________________ P o u g h k e e p sie , N .Y ., June 1 9 7 5 1 ________________________________________________________ P ou gh k e e p sie —King s ton—N ew burgh, N .Y ., June 1 97 5 1__________________________________ P r o v id e n c e —W arw ick—Paw tucket, R .I.—M a s s ., June 1976_____________________________ R a leigh —D urham , N .C ., F eb . 1 9 7 6 ______________________________________________________ R ich m on d , V a ., June 197 5_______________________________________________________________ St. L o u is , M o .—111., M ar. 1976 1_________________________________________________________ S a cra m e n to , C a lif ., D ec. 1975___________________________________________________________ Saginaw , M ic h ., Nov. 1975_______________________________________________________________ Salt Lake City—Ogden, Utah, Nov. 1 9 7 5 1_______________________________________________ San A n ton io, T e x ., M ay 1976 ____________________________________________________________ San D ie g o , C a lif ., Nov. 197 5_____________________________________________________________ San F r a n c is c o —Oakland, C a lif ., M a r. 1 976__ ___________________________________________ San J o s e , C a lif., M ar. 1976................................................................................................................. Seattle—E v e re tt, W ash ., Jan. 1976 ______________________________________________________ South B en d, In d ., M ar. 1976 _____________________________________________________________ S ta m fo rd , Conn. 1 2 _______________________________________________________________________ S y r a c u s e , N. Y ., July 197 5_______________________________________________________________ T o le d o , Ohio—M ic h ., M ay 1976__________________________________________________________ T ren ton , N .J., Sept. 1975 1 ___________ _________ _________________________________________ U tica—R o m e , N. Y ., July 1975 1 __________________________________________________________ W ashington, D .C .—M d.—V a ., M ai;. 1976__________________________________________________ W e s tch e s te r County, N .Y ., M ay 1975 1_________________________________________________ W ich ita, K a n s ., A p r. 197 6_____________________________________________________ £._________ W o r c e s t e r , M a s s ., A p r. 1976____________________________________________________________ Y o rk , P a ., F eb . 1976_____________________________________________________________ _____ _ B u lletin n u m ber and p r ic e * 1 8 5 0 -7 6 , 95 cen ts 1 9 0 0 -2 2 , 85 cen ts 1 9 0 0 -3 , ' 95 cen ts 1 8 5 0 -3 9 , $ 1.00 1 9 0 0 -1 0 , 85 cen ts 1 9 0 0 -2 , 75 cen ts 185 0 -4 5 , $ 1 .1 0 1 9 0 0 -2 7 , 85 cen ts 1 9 0 0 -3 3 , 85 cen ts 1 8 5 0 -5 2 , 65 cen ts 1 8 5 0 -5 1 , 6 5 cents 1850-56,* $ 1.10 1 85 0 -3 8 , 80 cents 18 5 0 -6 5 , 85 cents 1 9 0 0 -1 , $1 .1 5 1 8 5 0 -7 2 , 45 cen ts 1 8 5 0 -4 0 , 7 5 cen ts 1 8 5 0 -7 0 , 65 cen ts 1850- 68, 7 5 cen ts 1 9 0 0 -3 1 , 75 cen ts 1 9 0 0 -1 8 , 55 cen ts 1 8 5 0 -4 1 , 65 cen ts 1 9 0 0 -1 9 , $ 1 .2 5 1 8 5 0 -8 7 , 45 cents 1 8 5 0 -7 1 , 35 cen ts 1 8 5 0 -7 4 , 75 cents 1 9 0 0 -2 3 , 65 cents 1 8 5 0 -7 7 , 45 cents 1 9 0 0 -9 , 95 cen ts 1 9 0 0 -1 3 , 75 cents 1 9 0 0 -6 , 65 cents 1 9 0 0 -5 , 55 cents 1 8 5 0 -4 3 , 1 9 0 0 -2 4 , 1 85 0-6 0, 1 8 5 0 -4 8 , 1 9 0 0 -1 2 , 1 8 5 0 -5 3 , 1 9 0 0 -2 1 , 1 9 0 0 -1 6 , 1 9 0 0 -4 , 65 cents 55 cen ts $ 1 .2 0 80 cents 85 cen ts 80 cents 55 cents 55 cen ts 55 cents U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I Region II 1603 JFK Federal Building Suite 3400 Government Center 1515 Broadway Boston, Mass. 02203 New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617) Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212) C onnecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Region III 3535 Market Street, P.O. 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