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V-i-*

J> • , ,




jo m a ry C o*

Public Library

AU619J97J
DOCUMENT COLLECTION

BUREAU

OF

LABOR

S T A T IS T IC S

R E G IO N A L

O F F IC E S

ALASKA

Region I
1603-A Federal Building
G overnm ent Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: 223-6761 (Area Code 617)

Region 11

Region V
219 South Dearborn St.
Chicago, III. 60604
Phone: 353-7230 (Area Code 312)

Region VI

341 Ninth Ave., Rm. 1025
New Y o rk , N .Y . 10001
Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212)

1100 Commerce St., Rm. 6B7
Dallas, Tex. 75202
Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214)

* Regions V II and V III w ill be serviced by Kansas C ity .


* * Regions IX and X w ill be serviced by San Francisco.


Region 111
406 Penn Square B uilding
1317 F ilb e rt St.
Philadelphia, Pa. 19107
Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215)

Region IV
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree St. NE.
A tla n ta , Ga. 30309
Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404)

Regions V II and V III
Federal O ffice Building
911 W alnut St., 10th F loor
Kansas C ity , Mo. 64106
Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)

Regions IX and X
450 Golden Gate Ave.
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415)

U.S. DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR
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BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner




AR EA WAGE SURVEY
T h e N o rfo lk —P o rtsm o u th and N e w p o rt N e w s —H a m p to n ,
V irg in ia , M etro p o lita n A re a s , Jan u ary 1971
B u lle tin 1 6 8 5 -4 6
A p ril 1971
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 — Price 35 cents




C o n te n ts

P re fa c e

Page
T h e B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s p r o g r a m o f annual
o c c u p a t io n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s i s d e ­
s ig n e d t o p r o v i d e d a ta on o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s , a n d e s t a b ­
lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s . It
y i e l d s d e t a ile d d a ta b y s e l e c t e d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n f o r e a c h
o f th e a r e a s s t u d ie d , f o r g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s , a nd f o r th e
U n ite d S t a t e s .
A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in th e p r o g r a m is
th e n e e d f o r g r e a t e r in s i g h t in to ( 1 ) th e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s
b y o c c u p a t io n a l c a t e g o r y a nd s k i l l l e v e l , an d ( 2 ) th e s t r u c ­
t u r e a nd l e v e l o f w a g e s a m o n g a r e a s a n d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s .
A t th e e n d o f e a c h s u r v e y , an in d iv id u a l a r e a b u l ­
le t in p r e s e n t s th e s u r v e y r e s u l t s . A f t e r c o m p l e t i o n o f a ll
o f th e in d iv id u a l a r e a b u ll e t in s f o r a r o u n d o f s u r v e y s , tw o
s u m m a r y b u ll e t in s a r e i s s u e d .
T h e f i r s t b r i n g s d a ta f o r
e a c h o f th e m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s s t u d ie d in to o n e b u ll e t in .
T h e s e c o n d p r e s e n t s i n f o r m a t i o n w h ic h h a s b e e n p r o j e c t e d
f r o m in d iv id u a l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a d a ta t o r e l a t e t o g e o ­
g r a p h ic r e g i o n s a n d th e U n ite d S t a t e s .

I n t r o d u c t io n --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s ---------------------------------------------T a b le s :
1.

2.

A.

B.
N in e ty a r e a s c u r r e n t l y a r e in c lu d e d in th e p r o ­
g r a m . In e a c h a r e a , i n f o r m a t i o n on o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s
is c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly a n d on e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d
s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s b ie n n ia lly .
T h is b u ll e t in p r e s e n t s r e s u l t s o f th e s u r v e y in
N o r f o lk —P o r t s m o u t h a n d N e w p o r t N e w s —H a m p t o n , V a . , in
J a n u a r y 1 9 7 1 . T h e S ta n d a r d M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a s ,
a s d e f in e d b y th e B u r e a u o f th e B u d g e t t h r o u g h J a n u a r y
1968, c o n s is t o f C h e s a p e a k e , H a m p ton , N e w p o rt N e w s,
N o r fo lk , P o r ts m o u th , and V ir g in ia B e a c h C it ie s ; and Y o r k
C o u n t y . T h is s tu d y w a s c o n d u c t e d b y th e B u r e a u 's r e g i o n a l
o f f i c e in P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . , u n d e r th e g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f
I r w in L . F e ig e n b a u m , A s s i s t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r f o r
O p e r a t io n s .




1
5

E s t a b lis h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d
n u m b e r s t u d ie d __________________________________________________________
I n d e x e s o f s t a n d a r d w e e k ly s a l a r i e s a n d s t r a i g h t - t i m e
h o u r l y e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , a n d
p e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s ----------------------------------------

4

6

O c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n in g s :
A - 1.
O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n a n d w o m e n __________________________
A -2 .
P r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t io n s —m e n ----------------------A - 3 . O f fic e , p r o fe s s io n a l, and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s —
m e n a nd w o m e n c o m b i n e d ____________________________________
A -4 .
M a in t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a t i o n s -----------------------------A -5 .
C u s t o d ia l an d m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ------------------

11
12

E s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s :
B - l . M in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e
w o r k e r s ___________________________________________________________
B -2 .
S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s ------------------------------------------------------------------------B -3 .
S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ------------------------------------------------------------B -4 .
P a id h o l i d a y s ______________________________________________________
B -5 .
P a id v a c a t i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------B -6.
H e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , a n d p e n s io n p la n s ------------------------------------

14
15
16
17
18
21

A p p e n d ix .

O c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s -------------------------------------------------------------

a reas.

NOTE:
S i m i l a r t a b u la t io n s
(S e e in s i d e b a c k c o v e r . )

are

a v a ila b le

fo r

o th e r

U n io n s c a l e s , in d ic a t iv e o f p r e v a i l i n g p a y l e v e l s in
th e N o r f o l k a r e a , a r e a l s o a v a ila b le f o r b u ild in g c o n s t r u c ­
t i o n ; p r in t in g ; l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a t in g e m p l o y e e s ; a n d l o c a l
t r u c k d r iv e r s and h e lp e r s .

7
9
10

23




In tro d u c tio n
T h is a r e a is 1 o f 90 in w h ic h th e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r 's
B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s c o n d u c t s s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n in g s
a nd r e l a t e d b e n e f it s o n an a r e a w id e b a s i s . 1 In th is a r e a , d a ta w e r e
o b ta in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s t o r e p r e s e n t ­
a t iv e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s :
M anu­
f a c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ;
w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f in a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a nd r e a l e s t a t e ; and
s e r v ic e s .
M a jo r in d u s t r y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m t h e s e s t u d ie s a r e
g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t io n s a n d th e c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s .
E s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r th a n a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e
o m i t t e d b e c a u s e t h e y te n d t o f u r n is h i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p lo y m e n t in th e
o c c u p a t io n s s tu d ie d t o w a r r a n t in c l u s i o n .
S e p a r a t e t a b u la t io n s a r e
p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f th e b r o a d in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w h ic h m e e t p u b l i ­
c a t io n c r i t e r i a .

O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p lo y m e n t a n d e a r n in g s d a ta a r e s h o w n f o r
f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d t o w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k l y s c h e d u le
in th e g iv e n o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .
E a r n in g s d a ta e x c lu d e p r e ­
m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , an d
la t e s h if t s .
N o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d , b u t c o s t - o f - l i v i n g
a llo w a n c e s a n d in c e n t iv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h e r e w e e k l y h o u r s
a r e r e p o r t e d , a s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s , r e f e r e n c e is t o th e
s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k ( r o u n d e d t o th e n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r ) f o r w h ic h e m ­
p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s tr a ig h t -t im e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f p ay
f o r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ). A v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n ­
in g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t io n s h a v e b e e n r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .

T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e th e l e v e l o f o c c u p a t io n a l e a r n in g s in
an a r e a a t a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r i s o n s o f in d iv id u a l o c c u p a t io n a l
a v e r a g e s o v e r tim e m a y n ot r e f le c t e x p e c te d w a g e ch a n g e s.
The
a v e r a g e s f o r in d iv id u a l j o b s a r e a f f e c t e d b y c h a n g e s in w a g e s and
e m p lo y m e n t p a t t e r n s . F o r e x a m p le , p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d
b y h ig h - o r l o w - w a g e f i r m s m a y c h a n g e o r h ig h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y
a d v a n c e t o b e t t e r j o b s a n d b e r e p l a c e d b y n e w w o r k e r s a t lo w e r r a t e s .
S u ch s h if t s in e m p lo y m e n t c o u ld d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e
e v e n th o u g h m o s t e s t a b lis h m e n t s in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s d u r in g
th e y e a r . T r e n d s in e a r n in g s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , s h o w n in ta b le
2 , a r e b e t t e r i n d i c a t o r s o f w a g e t r e n d s th a n in d iv id u a l j o b s w ith in
th e g r o u p s .

T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c t e d on a s a m p le b a s i s b e c a u s e o f
th e u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s .
To
o b ta in o p t im u m a c c u r a c y at m i n im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f
l a r g e th an o f s m a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s i s s t u d ie d . In c o m b i n in g th e d a ta ,
h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e g iv e n t h e i r a p p r o p r ia t e w e ig h t . E s ­
t i m a t e s b a s e d o n th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s s t u d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e ,
a s r e la t in g to a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e i n d u s t r y g r o u p in g a n d a r e a ,
e x c e p t f o r t h o s e b e lo w th e m i n im u m s i z e s tu d ie d .
O c c u p a t i o n s a n d E a r n in g s
T h e o c c u p a t io n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y a r e c o m m o n t o a v a r i e t y
o f m a n u f a c t u r in g a nd n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s , a n d a r e o f th e
fo llo w in g ty p e s :
( l ) O ffic e c l e r i c a l ; ( 2) p r o fe s s io n a l and t e c h n ic a l;
(3) m a in t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p la n t ; a n d (4) c u s t o d i a l a n d m a t e r i a l m o v e ­
m e n t.
O c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d o n a u n if o r m s e t o f jo b
d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d t o ta k e a c c o u n t o f i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n
in d u t ie s w ith in th e s a m e j o b .
T h e o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s tu d y
a r e l i s t e d a n d d e s c r i b e d in th e a p p e n d ix . T h e e a r n in g s d a ta f o llo w in g
th e j o b t i t le s a r e f o r a l l in d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d . E a r n in g s d a ta f o r s o m e
o f th e o c c u p a t io n s l i s t e d a n d d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s
w ith in o c c u p a t i o n s , a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , b e c a u s e
e it h e r ( l ) e m p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n is t o o s m a l l to p r o v i d e e n o u g h
d a ta t o m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r ( 2 ) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e
o f in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t d a ta . E a r n in g s d a ta n o t s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y
f o r in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s a r e in c lu d e d in a ll in d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d d a ta ,
w h e r e s h o w n . L i k e w i s e , d a ta a r e in c lu d e d in th e o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
w h e n a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f s e c r e t a r i e s o r t r u c k d r i v e r s is n o t s h o w n
o r in f o r m a t io n to s u b c l a s s i f y i s n o t a v a ila b le .

T h e a v e r a g e s p r e s e n t e d r e f l e c t c o m p o s i t e , a r e a w id e e s t i ­
m a tes.
I n d u s t r ie s an d e s t a b lis h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l a n d j o b
s t a ffin g a n d , th u s , c o n t r ib u t e d i f f e r e n t l y to th e e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h jo b .
T h e p a y r e la t io n s h ip o b t a in a b le f r o m th e a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t
a c c u r a t e l y th e w a g e s p r e a d o r d i f f e r e n t i a l m a in t a in e d a m o n g j o b s in
in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . S i m i l a r l y , d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s
f o r m e n a n d w o m e n in a n y o f th e s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s h o u ld n o t b e
a s s u m e d t o r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y t r e a t m e n t o f th e s e x e s w ith in
in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
O t h e r p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s w h ic h m a y c o n ­
t r ib u t e to d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y f o r m e n a n d w o m e n in c lu d e : D i f f e r e n c e s
in p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b l i s h e d r a t e r a n g e s , s in c e o n ly the a c t u a l
r a t e s p a id in c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ; a n d d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c d u tie s
p e r f o r m e d , a lth o u g h th e w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a p p r o p r i a t e l y w ith in
th e s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g
e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a lly m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d th an t h o s e
u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s and a llo w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s
a m o n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e s p e c i f i c d u tie s p e r f o r m e d .

1
Included in the 90 areas are four studies conducted under contract with the New York State
Department of Labor. These areas are Binghamton (New York portion only); Rochester (office occu­
pations only); Syracuse; and Utica—Rome. In addition, the Bureau conducts more lim ited area studies
in 77 areas at the request of the Wage and Hour Division of the U. S. Department of Labor.




1

O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o t a l in
a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s tu d y and n o t th e n u m b e r
a c t u a lly s u r v e y e d .
B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e

2
a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , th e e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p lo y m e n t o b ­
ta in e d f r o m th e s a m p le o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s s tu d ie d s e r v e o n ly t o in d ic a t e
th e r e la t iv e i m p o r t a n c e o f th e j o b s s tu d ie d .
T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in
o c c u p a t io n a l s t r u c t u r e d o n o t a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y th e a c c u r a c y o f th e
e a r n in g s d a ta .
E s t a b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s a n d S u p p le m e n t a r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s
I n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d (in th e B - s e r i e s t a b le s ) o n s e l e c t e d
e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s a s th e y
r e la t e to p la n t a n d o f f i c e w o r k e r s .
D a ta f o r in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s n o t
p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e l y a r e in c lu d e d in th e e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s . "
A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s , a nd c o n s t r u c ­
t io n w o r k e r s w h o a r e u t i l i z e d a s a s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d .
" P l a n t w o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o r k in g f o r e m e n an d a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y
w o r k e r s (in c lu d in g le a d m e n and t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e f u n c ­
tio n s .
" O f f i c e w o r k e r s " in c lu d e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s a n d n o n s u p e r ­
v i s o r y w o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d f u n c t io n s .
C a fe te r ia
w o r k e r s a n d r o u t e m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s , b u t
in c lu d e d in n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u s t r i e s .
M in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s (t a b le
B - l ) r e la t e o n ly t o th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s v i s i t e d . B e c a u s e o f th e o p t im u m
s a m p lin g t e c h n iq u e s u s e d , an d th e p r o b a b i l i t y th a t l a r g e e s t a b l i s h ­
m e n t s a r e m o r e l i k e l y to h a v e f o r m a l e n t r a n c e r a t e s f o r w o r k e r s a b o v e th e s u b c l e r i c a l l e v e l th a n s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , th e t a b le is
m o r e - r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f p o l i c i e s in m e d iu m a n d l a r g e e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l d a ta (t a b le B - 2 ) a r e l i m i t e d to p la n t w o r k e r s
in m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s .
T h is i n f o r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d b o th in
t e r m s o f ( 1 ) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f t o t a l p la n t
w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t , a n d ( 2 ) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s
o f w o r k e r s a c t u a lly e m p lo y e d o n th e s p e c i f i e d s h ift at th e t i m e o f the
su rvey.
In e s t a b lis h m e n t s h a v in g v a r i e d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , th e a m o u n t
a p p ly in g to a m a j o r i t y w a s u s e d o r , i f n o a m o u n t a p p lie d to a m a j o r i t y ,
th e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o t h e r " w a s u s e d . In e s t a b lis h m e n t s in w h ic h s o m e
l a t e - s h i f t h o u r s a r e p a id at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d i f f e r e n t i a l w a s r e c o r d e d
o n ly i f it a p p lie d to a m a j o r i t y o f th e s h ift h o u r s .
T h e s c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s (t a b le B - 3 ) o f a m a j o r i t y o f th e
f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s in an e s t a b lis h m e n t a r e ta b u la te d a s a p p ly in g to
a l l o f th e p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f th a t e s t a b lis h m e n t .
S c h e d u le d
w e e k l y h o u r s a r e t h o s e w h ic h a m a j o r i t y o f f u l l - t i m e e m p l o y e e s w e r e
e x p e c t e d t o w o r k , w h e t h e r th e y w e r e p a id f o r at s t r a i g h t - t i m e o r
o v e r tim e r a te s .
P a i d h o l i d a y s ; p a id v a c a t i o n s ; a n d h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , a n d
p e n s io n p la n s ( t a b le s B - 4 th r o u g h B - 6 ) a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y on
th e b a s i s th a t t h e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f
.. An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following con­
ditions:' (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering
late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it ( l )h a d operated late
shifts dining the 12 months prior to the survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating
late shifts.




a m a j o r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e l i g i b l e o r m a y e v e n t u a lly q u a lif y f o r
th e p r a c t i c e s l i s t e d . S u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s in t a b le s B - 2 th r o u g h
B - 6 m a y n o t e q u a l t o t a ls b e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g .
D a ta o n p a id h o lid a y s (t a b le B - 4 ) a r e li m i t e d t o d a ta o n h o l i ­
d a y s g r a n t e d a n n u a lly o n a f o r m a l b a s i s ; i . e . , ( l ) a r e p r o v i d e d f o r
in w r it t e n f o r m , o r (2) h a v e b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d b y c u s t o m .
H o lid a y s
o r d i n a r i l y g r a n t e d a r e in c lu d e d e v e n th o u g h th e y m a y f a l l o n a n o n ­
w o r k d a y an d th e w o r k e r i s n o t g r a n t e d a n o t h e r d a y o f f .
T he fir s t
p a r t o f th e p a id h o lid a y s t a b le p r e s e n t s th e n u m b e r o f w h o le an d “h a lf
h o lid a y s a c t u a lly g r a n t e d . T h e s e c o n d p a r t c o m b i n e s w h o le an d h a lf
h o lid a y s to s h o w t o t a l h o lid a y t i m e .
T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t io n p la n s (t a b le B - 5 ) is l im it e d t o a
s t a t i s t i c a l m e a s u r e o f v a c a t io n p r o v i s i o n s .
It is n o t in te n d e d a s a
m e a s u r e o f th e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s a c t u a lly r e c e i v i n g s p e c i f i c b e n e ­
f i t s . P r o v i s i o n s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t f o r a l l le n g th s o f s e r v i c e w e r e
t a b u la te d a s a p p ly in g to a l l p la n t o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f th e e s t a b l i s h ­
m e n t , r e g a r d l e s s o f le n g th o f s e r v i c e .
P r o v i s i o n s f o r p a y m e n t on
o t h e r th a n a t i m e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r t e d t o a t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le ,
a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n in g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s th e e q u iv ­
a le n t o f 1 w e e k 's p a y .
O n ly b a s i c p la n s a r e in c lu d e d .
E s t im a t e s
e x c lu d e v a c a t io n b o n u s a n d v a c a t i o n - s a v i n g s p la n s a n d t h o s e w h ic h
o f f e r " e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t i c a l " b e n e f it s b e y o n d b a s i c p la n s w ith
q u a lify in g le n g t h s o f s e r v i c e . S u ch e x c l u s i o n s a r e t y p i c a l in th e s t e e l ,
a lu m in u m , a nd c a n i n d u s t r i e s .
D a ta on h e a lt h , i n s u r a n c e , an d p e n s io n p la n s (ta b le B - 6 ) i n ­
c lu d e t h o s e p la n s f o r w h ic h th e e m p l o y e r p a y s at l e a s t a p a r t o f th e
c o s t . S u ch p la n s in c lu d e t h o s e u n d e r w r it t e n b y a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e
c o m p a n y a n d t h o s e p r o v i d e d th r o u g h a u n io n fu n d o r p a id d i r e c t l y b y
th e e m p l o y e r ou t o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t in g fu n d s o r f r o m a fu n d s e t a s id e
f o r th is p u r p o s e . A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d to h a v e a p la n i f
th e m a j o r i t y o f e m p l o y e e s w a s e l i g i b l e t o b e c o v e r e d u n d e r th e p la n ,
e v e n i f l e s s th a n a m a j o r i t y e l e c t e d to p a r t i c i p a t e b e c a u s e e m p l o y e e s
w e r e r e q u i r e d to c o n t r ib u t e t o w a r d th e c o s t o f th e p la n .
L e g a lly
r e q u i r e d p la n s , s u c h a s w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y ,
a nd r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t w e r e e x c lu d e d .
S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e is l i m i t e d t o th a t ty p e o f
in s u r a n c e u n d e r w h ic h p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p a y m e n t s a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y
to th e in s u r e d d u r in g i l l n e s s o r a c c id e n t d i s a b i l i t y .
I n fo r m a t io n is
p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s u c h p la n s t o w h ic h th e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t e s . H o w ­
e v e r , in N ew Y o r k an d N e w J e r s e y , w h ic h h a v e e n a c t e d t e m p o r a r y
d i s a b i l i t y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ic h r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,
p la n s
a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f th e e m p l o y e r ( l ) c o n t r ib u t e s m o r e th an is l e g a l l y
r e q u i r e d , o r ( 2 ) p r o v i d e s th e e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e f it s w h ic h e x c e e d th e
r e q u ir e m e n t s o f th e la w .
T a b u la t io n s o f p a id s i c k le a v e p la n s a r e
^ The temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer
contributions.

3
l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p l a n s 4 w h ic h p r o v i d e f u ll p a y o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f th e
w o r k e r 's p a y d u r in g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s . S e p a r a t e
t a b u la t io n s a r e p r e s e n t e d a c c o r d i n g to ( l ) p la n s w h ic h p r o v i d e f u ll p a y
and n o w a itin g p e r i o d , a nd ( 2 ) p la n s w h ic h p r o v i d e e it h e r p a r t i a l p a y
o r a w a itin g p e r i o d . In a d d it io n to th e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f th e p r o p o r t i o n s
o f w o r k e r s w h o a r e p r o v i d e d s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e o r p a id
s i c k l e a v e , an u n d u p lic a t e d t o t a l is s h o w n o f w o r k e r s w h o r e c e i v e
e it h e r o r b o th ty p e s o f b e n e f it s .
4
An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least
minimum number of days of sick leave available to each employee.
Such a plan need not be
written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded.




M a jo r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e in c lu d e s t h o s e p la n s w h ic h a r e d e ­
s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s and i n ju r y in v o lv in g
e x p e n s e s b e y o n d th e c o v e r a g e o f b a s i c h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , m e d i c a l , and
s u r g i c a l p la n s . M e d i c a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v id in g f o r c o m ­
p le t e o r p a r t i a l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s .
D e n ta l i n s u r a n c e u s u a lly
c o v e r s f illin g s , e x t r a c t io n s , and X - r a y s .
E x c l u d e d a r e p la n s w h ic h
c o v e r o n ly o r a l s u r g e r y o r a c c i d e n t d a m a g e .
P la n s m a y b e u n d e r ­
w r it t e n b y c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o f it o r g a n iz a t i o n s
o r th e y m a y b e p a id f o r b y th e e m p l o y e r o u t o f a fu n d s e t a s id e f o r
T a b u la t io n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e li m i t e d to
the th is p u r p o s e .
t h o s e p la n s th a t p r o v i d e r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s f o r th e r e m a i n d e r o f th e
w o r k e r 's l i f e .

4

T a b le 1.
E s ta b lis h m e n ts a n d w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u rv e y a n d
by m a jo r in d u s try d iv is io n ,2 J a n u a ry 1971

n u m b e r s tu d ie d in N o r fo lk —P o rts m o u th and N e w p o r t N e w s —H a m p to n , V a , ‘

Number of es tablishm ents

Industry division

M inimum
employment
in establish ­
ments in scope
of study

W orkers in establishm ents
Within scope of study

Within scope
of study3

Studied

T o ta l4

Studied

Plant
Number

Office

Percent

T o ta l4

A ll d ivision s___________________________________

_

422

122

9 5 ,5 2 6

100

67, 056

1 1,456

6 0 ,3 2 4

Manufacturing_______________________________________
Nonmanufacturing----------------------------------------------------Transportation, com m unication, and
other public u tilitie s 5 -----------------------------------W holesale trade --------- -------------------------------R etail trade______________________________________
Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ------------Services 8 -------------------------------------------------------------

50
-

116
306

37
85

4 0 ,8 3 5
5 4 ,6 9 1

43
57

3 0 ,2 5 8
3 6 ,7 9 8

2, 549
8 ,9 0 7

30, 579
2 9 ,7 4 5

50
50
50
50
50

44
55
133
28
46

20
11
28
8
18

11,5 9 3
5, 810
28, 086
4, 379
4, 823

12
6
29
5
5

1 ,5 4 7
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )
(6 )

9, 333
1. 571
1 3,438
2, 765
2, 638

7, 508
(6 )
(6 )
(7 )
(6 )

1
The Norfolk—Portsm outh and Newport News—Hampton Standard M etropolitan Statistical A r e a s , as defined by the Bureau of the Budget through January 1968, consist of Chesapeake
Hampton, Newport N ew s, N orfolk, Portsm outh, and Virgin ia Beach C itie s; and York County. The "w o rk ers within scope of study" estim ates shown in this table provide a reasonably accurate
description of the size and com position of the labor fo rce included in the survey.
The estim ates are not intended, how ever, to serve as a basis of com parison with other employment indexes
for the area to m easu re em ployment trends or lev els since (1) planning of wage surveys requires the use of establishm ent data com piled considerably in advance of the payroll period studied,
and (2) sm all establishm ents are excluded from the scope of the survey.
4 The 1967 edition of the Standard Industrial C lassification Manual was used in classifying establishm ents by industry division.
3 Includes all establishm ents with total employment at or above the m inim um lim itation. A ll outlets (within the area) of com panies in such industries as trade, finance, auto repair service ,
and m otion picture theaters are considered as 1 establishm ent.
4 Includes executive, p ro fe ssio n a l, and other w orkers excluded from the separate plant and office categ ories.
5 Abbreviated to "pub lic u tilitie s " in the A - and B -s e r ie s ta b les. Taxicabs and serv ice s incidental to water transportation w ere excluded.
6 This industry division is represented in estim ates for " a l l in d u strie s" and "nonm anufacturing" in the Series A ta b les, and for " a l l in d u strie s" in the Series B tab les. Separate presentation
of data for this division is not m ade for one or m ore of the following reaso n s: (1) Em ploym ent in the division is too sm all to provide enough data to m erit separate study, (2) the sam ple was not
designed initially to perm it separate presentation, (3) response was insufficient or inadequate to perm it separate presentation, and (4) there is p o ssib ility of disclosu re of individual establishm ent data.
7 W ork ers from this entire industry division are represented in estim ates for " a l l in d u strie s" and "nonm anufacturing" in the Series A ta b les, but from the real estate portion only in
estim ates for "a l l in d u strie s" in the Series B ta b le s. Separate presentation of data for this division is not m ade for one or m ore of the reasons given in footnote 6 above.
8 H otels and m o te ls; laundries and other personal s e rv ic e s ; business s e rv ic e s ; automobile rep air, rental, and parking; m otion pictures; nonprofit m em bership organizations (excluding
religious and charitable organizations); and engineering and architectural s e r v ic e s .




Over tw o-fifths of the w orkers within scope of the survey in the Norfolk—Portsm outh
and Newport News—Hampton areas w ere employed in manufacturing fir m s .
The following
presents the m ajor industry groups and specific industries as a percent of all manufacturing:
Industry groups
Transportation equipm ent----------62
Food and kindred p ro d u cts_____ 7
Lum ber and wood products-------- 5
Printing and publishing_________ 5
C hem icals and allied
p ro d u cts_________________________ 4

Specific industries
Ship and boatbuilding and
rep airin g ________________________
M otor veh icles and
equipm ent----------------------------------N ew spapers_______________________
M illw ork, plywood and
related products_______________

57
4
4
3

This inform ation is based on estim ates of total employment derived from universe
m aterials com piled prior to actual survey.
Proportions in various industry divisions m ay
differ from proportions based on the resu lts of the survey as shown in table 1 above.

W a g e T ren d s

fo r S e le c te d

P r e s e n t e d in t a b le 2 a r e in d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e
in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and in d u s t r i a l n u r s e s ,
and in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f s e l e c t e d p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s .
T h e in d e x e s
a r e a m e a s u r e o f w a g e s at a g iv e n t i m e , e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t o f
w a g e s d u r in g th e b a s e p e r i o d .
S u b t r a c t in g 100 f r o m th e in d e x y i e l d s
th e p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e in w a g e s f r o m th e b a s e p e r i o d to th e d a te o f
th e in d e x .
T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e o r i n c r e a s e r e l a t e to w a g e
c h a n g e s b e t w e e n th e in d ic a t e d d a t e s .
A nnual ra te s o f in c r e a s e , w h ere
s h o w n , r e f l e c t th e a m o u n t o f i n c r e a s e f o r 1 2 m o n t h s w h e n th e t im e
p e r i o d b e t w e e n s u r v e y s w a s o t h e r th a n 12 m o n t h s . T h e s e c o m p u t a t io n s
w e r e b a s e d o n th e a s s u m p t io n th a t w a g e s i n c r e a s e d at a c o n s t a n t r a t e
b e tw e e n s u r v e y s .
T h e s e e s t i m a t e s a r e m e a s u r e s o f c h a n g e in a v e r ­
a g e s f o r th e a r e a ; th e y a r e n o t in te n d e d to m e a s u r e a v e r a g e p a y
c h a n g e s in th e e s t a b lis h m e n t s in th e a r e a .

O c c u p a tio n a l G ro u p s

s h o w s th e p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e .
T h e in d e x i s th e p r o d u c t o f m u lt ip ly in g
th e b a s e y e a r r e l a t i v e ( 1 0 0 ) b y th e r e l a t i v e f o r th e n e x t s u c c e e d i n g
y e a r and c o n t in u in g to m u lt ip ly ( c o m p o u n d ) e a c h y e a r 's r e l a t i v e b y th e
p r e v i o u s y e a r 's in d e x .
F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r ia l n u r s e s , th e w a g e
t r e n d s r e l a t e to r e g u la r w e e k ly s a l a r i e s f o r th e n o r m a l w o r k w e e k ,
e x c l u s i v e o f e a r n in g s f o r o v e r t i m e .
F o r p la n t w o r k e r g r o u p s , th e y
m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , e x c lu d in g
p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and
la t e s h i f t s .
T h e p e r c e n t a g e s a r e b a s e d o n d a ta f o r s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u ­
p a t io n s and in c lu d e m o s t o f th e n u m e r i c a l l y im p o r t a n t j o b s w ith in
each grou p.
L im it a t io n s

o f D a ta

M e th o d o f C o m p u t in g
T h e in d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e , a s m e a s u r e s
of
c h a n g e in a r e a a v e r a g e s , a r e in f lu e n c e d b y :
( 1 ) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and
w a g e c h a n g e s , ( 2 ) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i ­
v id u a l w o r k e r s w h ile in th e s a m e j o b , and (3) c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e
w a g e s due to c h a n g e s in th e la b o r f o r c e r e s u l t in g f r o m l a b o r t u r n ­
o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s io n s , f o r c e r e d u c t i o n s , and c h a n g e s in th e p r o p o r ­
t io n s o f w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d b y e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith d i f f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s .
C h a n g e s in th e l a b o r f o r c e c a n c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the
o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s w ith o u t a c tu a l w a g e c h a n g e s .
It i s c o n c e i v a b l e
th a t e v e n th o u g h a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s in an a r e a g a v e w a g e i n c r e a s e s ,
a v e r a g e w a g e s m a y h a v e d e c l i n e d b e c a u s e l o w e r - p a y i n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s
e n t e r e d th e a r e a o r e x p a n d e d t h e ir w o r k f o r c e s .
S im ila r ly , w a g es
m a y h a v e r e m a i n e d r e l a t i v e l y c o n s t a n t , y e t th e a v e r a g e s f o r an a r e a
m a y h a v e r i s e n c o n s i d e r a b l y b e c a u s e h i g h e r - p a y i n g e s t a b lis h m e n t s
e n t e r e d th e a r e a .

E a c h o f th e f o llo w in g k e y o c c u p a t io n s w ith in an o c c u p a t io n a l
g r o u p w a s a s s i g n e d a c o n s t a n t w e ig h t b a s e d o n it s p r o p o r t i o n a t e e m ­
p lo y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t io n a l g r o u p :
Office clerical (men and women):
Bookk eeping- machine
operators, class B
Clerks, accounting, classes
A and B
Clerks, file, classes
A , B, and C
Clerks, order
Clerks, payroll
Comptometer operators
Keypunch operators, classes
A and B
Messengers (office boys or
girls)

The
p lie d b y th e
in th e g r o u p
w e r e r e la t e d
g a te f o r th e

Office clerical (men and women)—
Continued
Secretaries
Stenographers, general
Stenographers, senior
Switchboard operators, classes
A and B
Tabulating-machine operators,
class B
Typists, classes A and B
Industrial nurses (men and
women):
Nurses, industrial (registered)

Skilled maintenance (men):
Carpenters
Electricians
Machinists
Mechanics
Mechanics (automotive)
Painters
Pipefitters
Tool and die makers
Unskilled plant (men):
Janitors, porters, and
cleaners
Laborers, material handling

T h e u s e o f c o n s t a n t e m p lo y m e n t w e ig h ts e lim in a t e s th e e f f e c t
o f c h a n g e s in th e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h j o b i n ­
c lu d e d in th e d a ta .
T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e r e f l e c t o n ly c h a n g e s
in a v e r a g e p a y f o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r s .
T h e y a r e n o t in f lu e n c e d b y
c h a n g e s in s ta n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s , a s s u c h , o r b y p r e m iu m p a y
fo r o v e r tim e .
W h e r e n e c e s s a r y , d a ta w e r e a d ju s te d to r e m o v e f r o m
th e in d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e any s ig n if ic a n t e f f e c t c a u s e d
b y c h a n g e s in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y .

a v e r a g e (m e a n ) e a r n in g s f o r e a c h o c c u p a t io n w e r e m u l t i ­
o c c u p a t io n a l w e ig h t, and th e p r o d u c t s f o r a ll o c c u p a t io n s
w e r e t o t a le d .
T h e a g g r e g a te s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t iv e y e a r s
b y d iv id in g th e a g g r e g a t e f o r th e l a t e r y e a r b y th e a g g r e ­
e a r lie r y e a r.
T h e r e s u l t a n t r e l a t i v e , l e s s 100 p e r c e n t ,




5

6




T a b le

2.

In d e x e s

o f s ta n d a r d

w e e k ly

s a la r ie s

and

s t r a ig h t -tim e

h o u rly e a rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d

o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s

in

N o r f o lk —P o r ts m o u th a n d N e w p o r t N e w s —H a m p to n , V a ., J a n u a r y 1 9 7 0 an d J a n u a ry 1971
a n d p e rc e n ts o f in c re a s e fo r s e le c te d p e rio d s
A ll industries
P eriod

O ffice
c le ric a l
(m en and
women)

Industrial
nurses
(m en and
women)

Skilled
m aintenance
trades
(men)

Manufacturing
Unskilled
plant
w orkers
(men)

O ffice
clerica l
(men and
women)

Industrial
nurses
(men and
women)

Skilled
m aintenance
trades
(men)

U nskilled
plant
w orkers
(men)

Indexes (June 1 9 6 7 -1 0 0 )
January 1970 - ____
- ___
January 1971_ ___ __________________________________

112.6
1 18.8

( !)
( )

118.2
127.2

116.1
121.9

(*)
( ')

C)
(l )

n

o

117.3
124.5

Indexes (June 1961=100)
January 1 9 6 7 — ___ _______________________________
January 1 9 7 1 ___ ______ -- ______ ___ ___________ —

122.4
145.4

( !)
( )

118.0
150.2

115.5
140.8

(*)
(*)

( !)
(*)

(*)

112.5
140.0

1.0
3.6
2.2
3.5
.5
1.2
4.6

(!)

P ercen ts of in crease
June 1961 to June 1 9 6 2 __
___ — — -----------------June 1962 to June 1 9 6 3 -------------------------------------------June 1963 to June 1 9 6 4 -- - _ -------------------------June 1964 to June 1 9 6 5 ____________ ______________
June 1965 to June 1 9 6 6 - ---------------------------------June 1966 to June 1 9 6 7 ____________________________
June 1967 to June 196 8 __ — — -----—
June 1968 to January 1970:
19-m onth i n c r e a s e _____ — _____________ Annual rate of i n c r e a s e — -------- _ — ---------

4.7
3.4
3.5
2.6
1.9
4.5
5.9

C)
C)
C)
( )
( )
( )
(*)

3.2
5.2
2.5
.9
2.0
2.9
6.5

3.5
.6
2.5
4 .2
1.1
2.7
5.9

(*)
(*)
(*)
( ')
( )
(*)
(*)

(*)
(*)
( ')
( )
( )
(*)

( )
(*)
( ')
( )
(*)
()
(*)

6 .3
3.9

( !)
(*)

11.1
6.9

9. 6
6.0

(*)
(*)

(*)
(l )

(*)
o

12.1
7.5

January 1970 to January 1 9 7 1 ------------------------------

5.5

(*)

7.6

5.0

(*)

o

(*)

6.1

1

n

Data do not m eet publication c r ite r ia .

N O T E : M ost p re v io u sly published indexes for the Norfolk—P ortsm outh and Newport News—Hampton
area s used June 1961 as the base period.
They can be converted to the new base period by dividing
them by the corresponding index num bers for June 1967 on the June 1961 base period as shown in the
table.
(The resu lt should be m ultiplied by 100.)
C urrent data for som e occupations are not com parable with previous y e a r 's estim ates due to
changes in the m atching of survey occupations with those in sam pled establish m en ts. Earnings declines
reported for som e job s are not the resu lt of d e cre a se s in wage rates within individual establishm en ts.
Data for table 2 above have been adjusted to elim inate the effect of d e cre a se s in averages due to changes
in the m atching p r o c e s s .

7

A.

Occupational earnings

T a b le A -1 .

O ff ic e o c c u p a tio n s —m e n a n d w o m e n

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va., January 1971)
Weekly earnings 1
(standard)
Number

Sex, occupation, and industry division

of
workers

Average
weekly
hours*
(standard)

Number of w orker s receivin g straight -tim e w eekly earnings of—
$

$
55

M ean 2

M edian 2

Middle range 2

t

$
60

65

t
70

$
75

t
80

S
85

$
90

s

t
95

100

$
105

$
no

$
115

$
120

$
125

*

S

130

1A0

t
150

$

S

160

170

and
under
60

180
and

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

125

130

1

2

2

3

8

12

140

l?o

160

170

180

MEN
$
$
$
1 5 1 .5 0 1 2 4 .0 0 -1 7 7 .5 0

$

5

2

00
■
WOMEN
BILLERS, MACHINE (BILLING
NONMANUEACTURING

41
35

4 0 .0

8 8 .5 0

8 4 .5 0

7 6 .0 0 - 1 0 4 .0 0
7 8 .5 0 -1 0 4 .0 0

46

3 8 .5

7 8 .5 0

7 3 .5 0

6 5 .0 0 - 9 5 .5 0

3 9 .5

1 0 3 .5 0

9 4 .0 0

53
38

3 9 .0
3 8 .5

8 8 .0 0
8 2 .0 0

8 4 .0 0
8 2 .0 0

ftl

/ nn
^0 0
12^*00 123 50
1 09.50 1 1 2 . 0 0 1 0 2 .0 0 -1 2 3 .0 0

6

8
8

10
10

BILLERS, MACHINE (BOOKKEEPING
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
CLA5-’ *

12

1
10

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
NONMANUFACTURING

8 0 .0 0 - 9 9 .5 0
7 8 .0 0 - 8 6 .5 0

2

11

cn
nn
8 '* 0 0

21H
fH

NONMANUFACTURING
??

^

39

T5

Jrtl

CLA^o B
3 9 .5
137

85 00

J
A

11

M

**

*

1

12

-»,

32

J9

15

^9

!? • ? ?
7 1 .5 0

^0*0

CLA-'- ’

*

0/

CLA"'"' ®

B

*

1

*

-fo Cn
72 ^0

73 50

01* "0

73* ' 0

107•50
99 *"0 1 0 3 .0 0

8 8 .5 0 -1 1 3 .0 0
9 1 .0 0 -1 1 4 .0 0

105 00
* 3 0 * '0 1 0 0 .5 0

9 0 .5 0 -1 0 4 .0 0

82 00
8 2 .5 0

7 6 .5 0 - 9 7 .0 0

nn*nn

*

8

1

1

1

13
26
1A
8

12

19

1

11

*

*
Workers were distributed as follows: 3 at $180 to $190; 3 at $190 to $200; 1 at $200 to $210; and 2 at $200 to $230.
** Not comparable with 1970 data due to changes in matching survey occupations with those in sampled establishments.
1970 average would have been at least 5 percent lower than published if the
matching process had been the same as in 1971. Other occupations may also be affected but to a lower extent.
See footnotes at end of tables.




8

T a b le A -1 .

O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s —m en and w o m e n -----C o n tin u e d

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va., January 1971)
Weekly earnings *
(standard)
Sex, occupation, and industry division

WOMEN -

Number
of
woikere

Average
weekly
[standard)

Number o f w ork ers receivin g straight -tim e w eekly earnings of—
$

S

55
Mean2

Median2

Middle range 2

$

S

60

65

$
70

S

75

s

$

80

85

$
90

$

S

95

100

$
105

s
110

$
115

s
120

s

$
125

130

$
1A0

s

S

150

160

s
170

and
under

180
and

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

-

-

-

*

8
8
-

A9

15
11
A
1

69
11
58
1

A9
16
33

69
11
58
10

38
13
25
5

30
8
22
7

-

_
-

-

-

10
10

-

-

1
-

-

_

-

125

130

1A0

150

160

170

32
13
19
3

32
11
21
1

25
1A
11
3

50
3A
16
3

A9
AO
9
1

23
IA
9
6

11
7
4
i

8
7
1
1

9
6
3
“

-

3
-

5
5

5
5

10
6

3
2

_
-

i
i

-

5
3

\2 0

180 over

CONTINUED
$
11A .00
1 2 8 .0 0
1 0 5 .5 0
1 2 0 .5 0

$
$
$
1 0 8 .0 0
9 5 .0 0 -1 3 1 .5 0
130 .0 0 1 0 7 .0 0 -1 A 5 .0 0
1 0 2 .0 0
9 2 .5 0 -1 1 6 .5 0
1 1 3 .5 0 10A .5 0 -1 3 3 .5 0

SECRETARIES ---------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------------------

566
216
350
A3

SECRETARIES, CLASS A ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------

A3
32

3 8 .5 12A.50 1 2 8 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 3 9 .0 0
3 8 .5 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 6 .5 0
8 A .0 0 -1 3 8 .5 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS B ----------------------MANUFACTURING ----------- -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------

127
33
9A

AO.O H A . 00 10A.50
9 3 .0 0 -1 3 A .0 0
3 9 .5 1A 7.00 1A5.00 1 3 3 .0 0 -1 6 7 .5 0
9 1 .5 0 -1 1 3 .0 0
AO.O 1 0 2 .5 0
9 9 .5 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS C -----------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------------------

2A2
88
15A
28

AO.O
3 9 .5
AO.O
3 9 .5

SECRETARIES, CLASS 0 ----------------------MANUFACTURING----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------

15A
8A
70

STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ----------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------------------

304
75
229
37

40 .0

SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B ------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------

3 9 .5
3 9 .5
AO. 0
AO.O

*
_

A9

-

-

_

-

-

16

2

22

-

-

-

-

-

16

2

22

10
2
8

16
16

7
3
4

5
5

A
A

6
6

1
1

15
10
5

3
2
1

8
5
3

6
5
1

A
A
*

2
2
*

1 1 3 .5 0 1 0 1 .5 0 -1 3 3 .0 0
13A.00 1 2 2 .0 0 -1 A A .5 0
9 6 .5 0 -1 1 7 .0 0
10 5 .0 0
1 1 1 .0 0 10A .50—12A .00

_
-

-

-

_
-

2
2
*

17
17
-

3
1
2
-

16
2
1A
1

15
2
13
-

30
1
29
7

26
8
18
5

18
2
16
7

1A
2
12
1

19
10
9
*

16
11
5
2

18
13
5
1

26
20
6
“

13
9
A
3

3
2
1
*

A
3
1
1

2
2

3 9 .5 10 6 .0 0 1 00.50
3 9 .0 1 1 3 .5 0 1 1 0 .5 0
9 5 .5 0
AO.O 9 7 .5 0

9 2 .5 0 -1 1 7 .5 0
9 6 .0 0 -1 3 2 .5 0
9 1 .5 0 -1 0 3 .0 0

-

-

-

6
6

6
6

10
10
-

31
9
22

23
11
12

23
10
13

5
2
3

7
6
1

11
8
3

2
1
1

3
3

7
7

17
17
“

2

1
1

-

-

-

_
-

9 6 .5 0
9 2 .0 0
3 9 .5
9 6 .0 0
9 7 .5 0
8 9 .5 0
AO.O 9 6 .5 0
3 9 .5 1 2 8 .0 0 1A 2.50

8 A .0 0 -1 0 3 .0 0
9 0 . 0 0 - 10A.5 0
8 3 .5 0 -1 0 2 .5 0
9 2 .0 0 -1 6 2 .0 0

-

_

-

78
A
7A
4

AA
8
36
3

36
7
29
7

38
23
15
“

29
9
20

21
A
17
1

11
6
5
1

9
7
2

-

-

6

1

1A

-

-

-

6
6
-

2

-

9
7
2

“

“

6
6

1
1

1A
1A

116
90

3 9 .5
3 9 .5

8A .50
8 2 .5 0

8A .00
8 3 .5 0

7 3 .5 0 - 9 8 .0 0
7 3 .5 0 - 8 9 .0 0

1
1

13
13

2
2

18
10

3
3

26
2A

18
18

i
-

9
4

16
11

5
3

3
“

1
1

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------

172
55
117

3 9 .5
3 9 .5
AO.O

8A.00
8 9 .0 0
8 1 .5 0

8 1 .5 0
9 2 .0 0
7 8 .0 0

7 3 .0 0 - 9 3 .0 0
7 7 .5 0 - 9 8 .0 0
7 2 .0 0 - 8 8 .5 0

-

2
2

11
11

51
11
AO

16
6
10

19
A
15

17
1
16

2A
17
7

10
5
5

1
1

4
4
-

8
5
3

1
1

1
1

5
5

2
2

-

-

-

•

~

TYPISTS, CLASS A -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------- --—

80
52

3 9 .0
3 9 .5

9 8 .0 0
9 7 .5 0

9A .50
9A .50

8 9 .5 0 -1 0 9 .5 0
8 9 .0 0 -1 0 7 .0 0

_

-

2
-

2
*

A
A

13
11

22
13

2
2

5
5

12
12

13
A

-

A

1
1

-

-

-

-

“

-

-

TYPISTS, CLASS B ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------

312
231

AO.O
AO.O

8A .00
8 1 .0 0

8 2 .0 0
8 1 .5 0

7 3 .5 0 - 9 5 .0 0
7 1 .0 0 - 8A.50

-

57
53

31
23

26
15

9A
91

8
8

16
7

39
18

25
8

9
1

1
1

-

-

-

3
3

-

-

2
2

-

-

See footnotes at end of tables,




1 1 7 .0 0
1 3 3 .5 0
1 0 7 .5 0
1 1 6 .5 0

1
1

-

-

2

2

9
T a b le A - 2 .

P r o fe s s io n a l a n d te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s —m e n

(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va., January 1971)
W eekly earnings
(standard)

S ex, occu p a tion , and industry division

Number
of
workers

*

N um ber o f w o rk e rs re c e iv in g s tra ig h t-tim e w eekly earnings of—
*

Average
w eek ly
hours 1
(standard)

80
M ean 2

M edian 2

M iddle range2

s

t

t

$

t

%

$

t

$

*

S

$

$

*

t

90

NONHANUFAC TURING ————

————

26

$
$
$
3 9 .5 1 3 8 .5 0 1 3 9 .0 0 1 1 7 * 0 0 -1 6 1 .0 0

45
28

4 0 .0

130 00 1 3 4 .0 0
1 2 9 .0 0 1 3 1 .5 0 1 1 0 .5 0 - 1 4 9 .0 0

30

4 0 .0

9 6 .5 0

4 0 .0

1 9 4 .j0

9 0 .5 0

8 7 . 5 0 - 1 0 8 .0 0

COMPUTER PROGRAMERS,
19"’ .0 0

COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS,
34

See footnotes at end of tables.




3 9 .5 2 3 1 .5 0 2 4 2 .5 0 1 9 9 .5 0 - 2 5 9 .0 0

t

$

100

n o

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

100

n o

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

1
1

10
8

3

1

7

-

MEN
COMPUTER OPERATORS* CLASS A ———— —

$

$

90

and
under

1
1
15

T a b le A - 3 .

O ff ic e , p r o fe s s io n a l, a n d te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s —m e n a n d w o m e n c o m b in e d

(Average straight-tim e weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division,
Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, V a ., January 1971)
Average

Occupation and industry division

Number
of
workers

Weekly
Weekly
hours * earnings 1
(standard) (standard)

Average

Occupation and industry division

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS -

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS
BILLERS, MACHINE (BILLING
NONMANUFACTURING------------------------ --—

41
35

4 0 .0
4 0 .0
3 8 .5

7 8 .5 0

25

3 9 .5

1 0 3 .5 0

4 0 .0

53
38

3 9 .0
3 8 .5

8 8 .0 0
8 2 .0 0

162
61
101

4 0 .0
3 9 .5
4 0 .0

1 2 2 .5 0
1 3 4 .5 0
1 1 5 .5 0

377
102

3 9 .5
3 9 .5

8 5 .0 0
8 7 .0 0

A0 0
4 0 .0

72 00
7 1 .5 0

4 0 .0

7 2 .5 0

■*

CLERKS? PAYROLL
MANUFACTURING —
NONMANUFACTURING

147
26
121

A0*0
4 0 .0

80
32
48

3 9 .5
3 9 .5
4 0 .0

0 3 * '0
8 7 .0 0
1 0 2 .5 0
9 9 .5 0

8 4 .0 0

117

4 0 .0

8 1 .5 0

8 5 .5 0

81

3 9 .0

9 8 .0 0

314
232

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

8 4 .0 0
8 1 .5 0

44

1 1 4 .0 0
1 2 8 .0 0
1 0 5 .5 0
4 0 .0 1 2 2 .0 0

43
32

3 8 .5
3 8 .5

1 2 4 .5 0
1 2 0 .0 0

127
33
94

4 0 .0
3 9 .5
4 0 .0

1 1 4 .0 0
1 4 7 .0 0
lO t.^O

------------------------------

155
29

11-7 cn
39 ^ 133 50
4 0 .0 1 0 8 .0 0
3 9 .5 1 1 8 .5 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS D ------------------------

154
84
70

3 9 .5
3 9 .0
4 0 .0

1 0 6 .0 0
1 1 3 .5 0
9 7 .5 0

308

40*0

9 7 .0 0

233
41

4 0 .0
3 9 .5

9 7 .5 0
1 3 0 .5 0

63

216

jtLK t 1A K ltj» l/LAoo t)

4 0 .0

8 4 .0 0




SWITCHBOARD 0PERAT0R-RECEPTI0NISTS-

3 9 .5
3 9 .5

* Not comparable with 1970 data due to changes in matching survey occupations with those in sampled establishments,
if the matching process has been the same as in 1971. Other occupations may also be affected but to a lower extent.
See footnote at end of tables.

$

0 ~ * '0

nonmanufacturing

CLERKSt ORDER ———————

CONTINUED

$
i « .o o

3 9 .5

177

567

129

Weekly
earnings 1
(standard)

172

PUBLIC UTILITIES --------------------------

CLERKS * FILE« CLASS C

Weekly
hours 1
[standard)

3 9 .5

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,

-- -

Occupation and industry division

Number
of

90

MESSENGERS (OFFICE BOYS AND GIRLS)-

BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,

Average

Weekly
earnings 1
(standard)

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS -

$
8 8 .0 0
8 8 .5 0

46

Weekly
hours 1
(standard)

CONTINUED

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B --------------

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A* -----------

Number
of

8 2 .5 0

PR0FESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL
OCCUPATIONS
1 3 8 .5 0
44

1 4 0 .5 0
4 0 .0 1 3 6 .0 0

39

4 0 .0

9 6 .5 0

38

4 0 .0

1 9 4 .5 0

30

4 0 .0

1 3 0 .0 0

' 0

3 9 .5

2 3 0 .5 0

COMPUTER PROGRAMERSy
COMPUTER PR0GRAMERS,
COMPUTER PR0GRAMERS,
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS,
D 1iiL j ^ y
A

1970 average would have been at least 5 percent lower than published

11

T a b le A - 4 .

M a in te n a n c e a nd p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a tio n s

(Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, V a ., January 1971)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of

Hourly earnings3

Sex, occupation, and industry division

Number
of
workers

S

t

$

1 .7 0 1 .8 0
M ean 2

M edian2

Middle range 2

CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE ----------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES ------------------- -

70
43
38

$
3 .8 7
3 .8 3
3 .8 7

$
3 .8 7
3 .8 5
3 .8 5

$
3 .8 2 3 .8 2 3 .8 2 -

$
3 .9 4
3 .8 9
3 .8 8

ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE ------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES ---------------------

230
172
58
54

4 .2 0
4 .1 7
4 .2 9
4 .3 2

3 .9 6
3 .8 7
4 .2 7
4 ,2 8

3 .8 3 3 .8 1 4 .2 2 4 ,2 3 -

ENGINEERS, STATIONARY ---------------------

35

3 .7 1

FIREMEN, STATIONARY BOILER ----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------

46
46

HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES --------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------

*

t

$

t

$

1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0

S

S

S

$

S

3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 5 .6 0

3
2

2
1

4 .3 6
4 .2 5
4 .4 8
4 .5 5

10
10

18
18

81
81

-

-

17
12
5

39

-

“

1

3 .7 2

3 . 3 4 - 3 .7 8

1

15

1

-

2 .5 0
2 .5 0

2 .0 5
2 .0 5

1 .9 8 - 2 .4 3
1 .9 8 - 2 .4 3

1
1

*

“

141
87

2 .7 1
2 .3 9

2 .7 6
2 .5 8

2 . 3 8 - 3 .1 5
1 .9 5 - 2 .7 9

8
8

3
3

MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE ----------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------

98
61

4 .0 9
4 .0 3

4 .2 1
3 .8 7

3 .8 1 - 4 .2 9
3 .7 6 - 4 .6 0

_

_

MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE
(MAINTENANCE) ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES ---------------------

187
62
125
108

3 .5 8
3 .3 1
3 .7 1
3 .6 9

3 .6 4
3 .0 5
3 .81
3 .8 1

3 .2 7 2 .6 5 3 .5 2 3 .5 1 -

MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE* ----------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------

101
71

3 .6 5
3 .3 6

3 .9 3
3 .4 7

2 . 9 5 - 4 .2 8
2 .5 9 - 3 .9 5

-

PAINTERS, MAINTENANCE ---------------------

28

4 .1 0

4 .0 6

3 . 9 4 - 4 .4 6

-

-

PIPEFITTERS, MAINTENANCE ---------------

65

4 .3 7

3 .8 8

3 . 8 1 - 5 .4 3

-

-

4 .2 1

3 .9 4 - 4 .2 7

4 .2 3

$

1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 2 .2 0 2 .3 0 2 . A0 2 .6 0 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0

54
34
34

34

$

and
under

3
2
2

SHEET-METAL WORKERS, MAINTENANCE

$

3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 .4 0

2

3 .8 8
3 .6 4
3 .8 9
3 .8 9

$

2 .4 0 2 .6 0 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0

*

18
18
2
2

6
6

~

4
4

-

_

-

*

”

"

“

3

15
13

-

-

-

"

“

_

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

_

_

-

-

"

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

30
20

21
21

_

2
2

“

12
12

8
8

11
11

_

19

_

10

-

-

19

"

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2
2

-

32

9
5
4
4

13
13

-

-

-

-

7
32

5
1

1

~

1

14
14

23
22

2
2

12
1
11
10

8
3
5
5

38
10
28
26

22
6
16
8

52
3
49
49

-

6

9

13
13

_

29
~

19

_

_

-

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4

-

5
5

_

-

*

4
4

18
15

2

__

_

_

*

“

_

-

13
1
12
8

-

-

-

3

18

18

-

-

9

-

9

1

5

-

2

_

10

3

-

6

9

-

-

1

-

3

3

1

-

-

6

8

22

-

5

-

-

2

-

14

-

14

-

-

-

*

3

-

-

2
-

-

28
28
-

33

6

-

-

-

-

-

-

2
2
2

“

7
7

_
-

-

-

-

_

-

2
2

-

-

4

-

-

-

-

-

23

-

-

-

-

4

“

* Not comparable with 1970 data due to changes in matching survey occupations with those in sampled establishments, 1970 average would have been at least 5 percent lower than published if the
matching process has been the same as in 1971. Other occupations may also be affected but to a lower extent.
See footnotes at end of tables.




12

T ab le A -5 .

Custodial and m aterial m ovem ent occupations

(Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.
Hourly earnings3

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a i g h t - t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s o f —
*
1 .8 0

t

$
1 90 2 . 0 0

$
2 .2 0

t

2 .1 0

2 .3 0

$
2 .4 0

$
2 .5 0

2 .6 0

$
2 .8 0

$
3 00

S
3 .2 0

3 .4 0

$
3 .6 0

S
3 .8 0

*
4 .0 0

t
4 .2 0

S
4 .4 0

4 .6 0

t
4 .8 0

1 .7 0

1 .8 0

1 .9 0

2 00 2 .1 0

2 .2 0

2 .3 0

2 .4 0

2 .5 0

2 .6 0

2 .8 0

3 .0 0

3 20 3 . 4 0

3 .6 0

3 .8 0

4 .0 0

4 .2 0

4 .4 0

4 .6 0

4 .8 0

5 .0 0

8
8

4
4

9
6
3

24
20
4

24
10
14

6
6

32
32
”

38
37
1

20
20
"

-

122
122

88
88
“

-

3
3

-

14
14

-

-

10
6
4

_

_

_
-

-

23
23
_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1
1
-

_

_

_

_

-

-

2
2
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

35

_

_

1 .6 0
workers

Mean 2 Median2

Middle range 2

t

t
1 .7 0

$

Sex, occupation, and industry division

January 1971)

%

t

i

*
and
1 . 6 0 u n d er

HEN
GUARDS AND WATCHMEN ----------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------*----

411
3 45
66

$
2 .7 1
2 .7 3
2 .5 9

$
2 .8 3
2 .8 4
2 .1 7

$
$
2 . 3 6 - 3 .1 1
2 . 4 4 - 3 .1 1
1 . 8 9 - 3 .9 2

6
6

3
3

WATCHMEN
MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------

87

2 .2 4

2 .3 3

1 .9 8 -

2 .4 9

-

-

-

6

20

-

10

-

28

2

20

-

JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS ----MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING--------------------- -------PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------------------

1 ,0 5 9
260
799
SO

2 .0 4
2 .5 4
1 .8 8
2 .4 7

1 .8 6
2 .5 7
1 .8 4
2 .5 1

1 .7 4 1 .7 9 1 .7 0 1 .8 9 -

2 .2 3
2 .9 4
1 .9 9
2 .8 7

10
~
10
-

199
5
194
-

132
66
66
14

2 92
3
289
7

50
3
47
-

82
3
79
1

21
2
19
i

34
3
31
8

24
21
3
2

21
9
12
6

40
21
19
18

31
24
7
1

80
75
5
4

4
4
4

7
7
7

9
2
7
7

LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING* ----------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------------------

989
343
6 46
198

2 .3 1
2 .3 2
2 .3 1
3 .0 0

2 .1 6
2 .3 2
2 .0 8
3 .4 0

1 .9 5 2 .0 9 1 .9 1 2 .6 0 -

2 .6 0
2 .5 3
2 .6 6
3 .4 5

_
-

114
39
75
-

62
62
-

98
19
79

1 45
31
114
“

100
50
50
20

55
23
32
*

46
42
4
-

47
45
2
2

56
26
30
28

67
34
33
33

32
15
17
13

34
8
26
-

8
8
-

-

20
20
“

1 02
1 02
102

ORDER FILLERS --------------------------------------NONHANUFACTURING -----------------------------

3 11
236

2 .7 1
2 .4 2

2 .8 7
2 .2 0

2 .0 4 1 .9 0 -

3 .2 4
3 .2 1

_

_

14
14

13
13

32
32

11
11

10
10

-

-

4
4

-

-

55
55

*

10
10

10
10

50
10

67
67

PACKERS, SHIPPING --------------------------------MANUFACTURING — -------------------------------

45
41

2 .4 2
2 .3 4

2 .0 9
2 .0 9

2 .0 2 2 .0 1 -

2 .9 0
2 .7 6

-

-

-

14
14

-

-

-

-

-

1

1

“

8
8

1

-

9
9

-

-

RECEIVING CLERKS* --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------

126
68

3 .1 4
2 .5 9

2 .7 0
2 .6 2

2 . 5 1 - 4 .3 2
2 . 3 1 - 2 .6 9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2
2

-

-

5
2

SHIPPING CLERKS* -----------------------------------

59

2 .5 4

2 .4 1

2 .3 4 -

2 .5 9

-

-

-

-

-

1

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS --------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------

47
36

2 .9 9
3 .0 8

3 .1 2
3 .2 5

2 .6 5 2 .8 2 -

3 .3 5
3 .3 7

_

-

_

_

_

_

TRUCKDRIVERS ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------------------

1 ,4 5 5
2 93
1 ,1 6 2
467

3 .0 6
2 .7 1
3 .1 5
4 .0 2

2 .7 9
2 .7 3
3 .2 9
3 .5 9

2 .1 6 2 .5 2 2 .1 3 3 .5 3 -

3 .7 6
2 .9 3
3 .9 9
4 .8 5

-

TRUCKDRIVERS, LIGHT ( UNDER
1 - 1 /2 TONS) --------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------

2 16
203

2 .0 5
2 .0 2

2 .0 7
2 .0 7

1 .8 6 1 .8 3 -

2 .1 8
2 .1 6

TRUCKDRIVERS, MEDIUM ( 1 - 1 / 2 TO
AND INCLUDING 4 TONS) ------------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------

588
155
433

2 .7 0
2 .8 1
2 .6 6

2 .5 6
2 .7 0
2 .3 2

2 .1 6 2 .5 5 2 .1 0 -

3 .5 1
2 .9 9
3 .5 3

TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS,
TRAILER TYPE) ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------------------

4 55
403
231

3 .7 6
3 .9 4
4 .1 7

3 .9 4
3 .9 8
4 .8 2

3 . 0 7 - 4 .8 2
3 . 5 5 - 4 .8 3
3 . 5 4 - 4 .8 6

”

_

-

2
2

1
1

3
3

1
-

-

_
-

39
-

-

-

-

-

-

5

23

14

2

4

5

1

-

-

4

-

-

-

-

-

_

5

_

6
6

-

3
2

6
6

8
3

14
14

1
1

3
3

1
1

_

_

•

_

38
29
9
3

131
97
34
20

59
59
-

34
6
28
24

21
4
17
4

206
13
1 93
180

34
13
21
1

75
3
72
~

7
7

-

-

2 21
2 21

11
11

14
5

2
2

_

_

15
11
4

24
20
4

45
32
13

39
39
“

11
1
10

_

*“

”

10
10
~

15
-

21
16
16

80
80
~

14
14

33
33

12
12

i
”

68
66

44
44

16
16

*

21
21

10
5
5

91
9
82

42
42

61
61

2
~

“

-

6
6

65
35
14

1
1
~

-

-

TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS,
OTHER THAN TRAILER TYPE) -------------

189

3 .6 8

3 .2 5

2 .7 5 -

4 .8 5

-

-

-

-

-

TRUCKERS, POWER (FORKLIFT) --------------MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------- --—
PUBLIC UTILITIES -------------------------

3 53
2 18
135
49

2 .7 1
2 .6 6
2 .7 9
3 .0 9

2 .6 8
2 .6 3
2 .7 3
2 .7 8

2 .1 3 1 .9 9 2 .2 8 2 .7 3 -

3 .2 2
2 .8 5
3 .2 5
3 .7 4

_

2
2
“

26
26
~

15
15
-

16
13
3
“

-

13
8

151
30
121
14

-

”

41
5
36
“

_

41
5
36




30
13
17

_

_

_

_

15
4
11

1 40
13
1 27

23
13
10

2
2
"

_

66
66
65

11
11
“

72
72
”

-

*
56
2
54

-

~

_

1

7

1
1

7
_

-

50
50

-

_

_

-

-

..

-

136
136
136

-

7

-

2

-

4

-

74

5

2

6

-

-

-

-

4

-

51
29
22

15
7
8
“

6
-

13
1
12
~

7

74
50
24
24

18
18

1
1
1

36
4
32
1

-

18
1
17
17

1
1
1

-

39
39
-

_

-

-

-

5

6

1

6
”

“

-

-

221

“

15
12
3
“

* Not comparable with 1970 data due to changes in matching survey occupations with those in sampled establishments.
matching process had been the same as in 1971. Other occupations may also be affected but to a lower extent.
See footnotes at end of tables.

_

27
25

172
11
161
“

-

_

9
7

17
6
ii
~

_

4
4

*

2
2

33
33
“

-

7
6

_

_

6
3

35
2
33
“

_

-

-

_

16
13

14
14
~

-

“

-

1

85

”

1970 average would have been at least 5 percent lower than published if the

13
T a b le A - 5 .

C u s to d ia l a n d m a te ria l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a tio n s -----C o n tin u e d

(Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va. , January 1971)
Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of-

Hourly earnings3

Sex, occupation, and industry division

Number
of
workers

Mean 2

Median2

Middle range 2

>
$
$
$
*
$
$
»
$
$
$
s
Under1 *60 1 ,7 0 1*80 1*90 2 * 00 2 *10 2 * 20 2 *30 2 *40 2 * 50 2 .6 0 2 .8 0
$
and
1 .6 0 under
______ 1.70_ 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 .0 0 2 .1 0 2^.20 2 .3 0 2 .4 0 2 . 5^0_ 2^.60^ 2 .8 0 3 .0 0

HEN -

s

$

$

s

s

s

$

$

77
52

$
3 .2 9
3 .1 5

$
3 .4 9
3 .1 8

$
$
2 .8 5 - 3 .7 4
2 .2 9 - 4 .21

342
42
300

1 .7 2
1 .8 5
1 .7 0

1 .6 9
1 .7 6
1 .6 8

1 .6 4 - 1 .8 7
1 .7 1 - 1 .93
1 .6 3 - 1 .86

14
14

14
14

WOMEN
JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS ----MANUFACTURING----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------

See footnotes at end of tables.




33
33

148
8
140

30

21

71
1
70

45
7
38

1
1

s

3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0

CONTINUED

TRUCKERS, POWER (OTHER THAN
FORKLIFT) ----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------

$

3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0

14

B.

E s ta b lis h m e n t practices and su p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p ro visio n s

T a b le

B -1 .

M in im u m

e n tra n c e

s a la r ie s f o r w o m e n

o ffic e

w o rk e rs

(Distribution of establishm ents studied in all industries and in industry divisions by m inim um entrance salary for selected categories
of inexperienced women office w o rk e rs, NorfolkHPortsm outh and Newport News—Hampton, V a . , January 1971)

Inexperienced typists
Manufacturing
Minimum weekly straight-tim e s a la r y 4

Other inexperienced clerical workers
Nonmanufacturing

Based on standard weekly hours6 of—

All
industries

All
schedules

40

Establishm ents studied____________________________________

122

37

Establishm ents having a specified m inim um ________________

33

12

10

_
-

XXX

All
schedules

Manufacturing
All
industries

40

Nonmanufacturing

Based on standard weekly hours6 of—
All
schedules

40

All
schedules

40

85

XXX

122

37

XXX

85

21

16

52

18

15

34

29

1
1
5
1
4
5
2
1
1
-

_
5
1
3
5
2
-

1
1
16
3
6
11
3
3
3
1
1
2
1

_
4
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
1

_
_
4
1
4
1
1
1
2
1

1
1
12
3
4
7
2
2
2
-

_
_
12
3
3
7
2
1
1
-

XXX

0 0 _________________________________________________
under $ 62. 50___________________________________
under $ 6 5 .0 0 ___________________________________
under $ 67. 50___________________________________
under $ 7 0 . 00___________________________________
under $ 7 2 .5 0 ___________________________________
under $ 7 5 . 00------------- -------------------------------------under $ 77. 50___________________________________
under $ 8 0 .0 0 ___________________________________
under $ 82. 50___________________________________
under $ 8 5 .0 0 ___________________________________
under $ 87. 50-----------------------------------------------------under $ 9 0 . 00___________________________________
under $ 9 2 . 50___ ___ _______________________
ov e r______________________________________________

8
1
5
7
3
1
2
1
2
1

_
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
1

Establishm ents having no specified m in im u m _______________

6

3

XXX

3

XXX

17

7

XXX

10

XXX

Establishm ents which did not em ploy w orkers
in this category_________________________________________________

83

22

XXX

61

XXX

53

12

XXX

41

XXX

Under $ 6 0 .
$ 60. 00 and
$ 6 2 .5 0 and
$ 65. 00 and
$ 6 7 . 50 and
$ 7 0 .0 0 and
$ 7 2 . 50 and
$ 7 5. 00 and
$ 7 7 .5 0 and
$ 80. 00 and
$ 8 2 .5 0 and
$ 85. 00 and
$ 8 7 . 50 and
$ 9 0 . 00 and
$ 9 2 . 50 and

See footnotes at end of tables.




1
1

3

2

1

1

2
1

-

-

-

-




T a b le B - 2 .

S h ift d iffe re n tia ls

(L a te -s h ift pay provision s for m anufacturing plant w orkers by type and amount of pay differen tial,
Norfolk—Portsm outh and Newport News—Hampton, V a ., January 1971)
(A ll plant w orkers in m anufacturing = 1 0 0 percent)
P ercen t of manufacturing plant w orkers----

L a te -s h ift pay provision

Total---------------- ---------------------------------------------------

No pay d ifferential for work on late s h ift_______
Pay differen tial for work on late s h ift__________

In establishm en ts having provision s 7
for late shifts

A ctu ally working on late shifts

Second shift

Third or other
shift

Second shift

85.9

82.6

14.8

Third or other
shift

5.3

2.2

2.2

0.5

0.1

83.8

8 0 .4

14.3

5.2

27.1

23.7

5.3

1.7

Type and amount of differen tial:
U niform cents (per h o u r)-----------------------------

_

c e n ts --------------------------------------------------------c e n ts _____________________________________
c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------7 V2 c e n t s ---------------------------------------------------9 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------------10 cen ts____________________________________
12 cen ts____________________________________
13 V3 cen ts--------------------------------------------------14, 15, or 18 cents______________________
2 0 cen ts____________________________________
2 1 cen ts------------------------------------------------------2 6 ^ / 4 cen ts--------------------------------------------------30 cents______________________________ ___

3.2
3.2
3.6
2.9

U niform pe rcen tag e_________________________

55.6

5 p e rcen t---------------------------------------------------7 percent _______________________________
10 percent_________________________________
15 percent_________________________________

4 .0
50.7
.8
-

50.7
4.0
.8

Full d a y 's pay for reduced hours--------------------------

1.2

1.2

4
5
6
7

See footnotes at end of tab les.

-

2.7
1.9
5.0

-

3.8
5.1
1.2
1.4
2.9
1.9
-

1 .0

.8

3.6
-

4.0
.4
1.6
.5

-

55.6
-

.6
.3
.3
1.0
-

.5
.6
1 .8

_
-

.3
.3
(8)
.1
.2
.2
-

.1

.1

-

(8 )
.3
.1

8.9

3.4

.3
8.6
-

3.4
-

-

-

-

.1

.1

16

T a b le B -3 .

S c h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u rs

(Percent distribution of plant and office w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by scheduled weekly hours
of f ir s t-s h ift w orkers, Norfolk—Portsm outh and Newport News—Hampton, V a . , January 1971)
Plant w orkers
W eekly hours
A ll industries

Manufacturing

-----

100

100

Under 35 h o u rs--------------------------------------------------------35 h o u rs--------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 35 and under 37*/2 hours------------------------------3 7 Y2 h o u rs----------------------------------------------------------------3 8 3/4 h o u rs----------------------------------------------------------------40 h o u rs_____________________________________________
Over 40 and under 44 hours----------------------------------44 h o u rs--------------------------------------------------------------------45 h o u rs--------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 45 hours-----------------------------------------------------------

4
1
1
6

3
2
5

A ll w orkers--------------

— -------------

See footnotes at end of tables.




-------

(’ >

77
1
3
5
2

(’ )

86
2
1
1
1

Office workers
Public utilities

100

•
•
75
13
5
7

A ll industries

Manufacturing

100

100

100

1

3
30

2
(9 )
8
3
86
-

-

8
10
81
-

Public utilities

-

67
-

17

T a b le B -4 .

P a id h o lid a y s

(Percent distribution of plant and office w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by number of paid holidays
provided annually, Norfolk—Portsm outh and Newport News—Hampton, V a ., January 1971)
Plant w orkers

O ffice workers

Item
A ll industries

A ll w orkers___________________________________

W ork ers in establishm ents providing
paid h o lid a y s______________________________________
W ork ers in establishm ents providing
no paid h o lid a y s__________________________________

Manufacturing

Public utilities

A ll industries

Manufacturing

Public utilities

100

100

100

100

100

100

93

92

99

98

100

100

7

8

1

2

-

-

1
3
14
2
10
13
45
-

8
15

1
3
53
2
10
2
18
8

1
3
27
1
17

Num ber of days
L e s s than 5 h o lid a y s----------------------------------------------5 h o lid a y s___________________________________________
6 h o lid a y s-----------------------------------------------------------------6 holidays plus 1 half day--------------------------------------7 h o lid a y s___________________________________________
7 holidays plus 1 half day--------------------------------------8 h o lid a y s------------------------------------------------------------------8 holidays plus 2 half d a y s -----------------------------------9 h o lid a y s___________________________________________
9 holidays plus 2 half d a y s -----------------------------------10 holidays----------------------------------------------------------------12 holidays----------------------------------------------------------------13 holidays__________________________________________

7
4
29
3
10
1
16
(9 )
20
(!)
(9 )
2

4

2

4
4
4
49
62
62
72
74
88
91
91
91
92
92

-

15
55
2
3

O
)
(9 )
1

_
1
11
-

27

-

-

17

59
-

32
-

-

3

3
“

3
3
3
34
52
52
69
69
96
99
99
99
100
100

3
3
3
62
62
88
88
99
100
100
100
100
100

Total holiday tim e 10
13 days-----------------------------------------------------------------------12 days or m o re ____________________________________
10 days or m o re____________________________________
9 days or m o r e _____________________________________
8 days or m o r e _____________________________________
7*/z days or m o r e ----------------------------------------------------7 days or m o r e _____________________________________
6 V2 days or m o r e __________________________________
6 days or m o r e _____________________________________
5 days or m o r e --------------------------------------------------------4 days or m o r e --------------------------------------------------------3 days or m o r e --------------------------------------------------------2 days or m o r e _____________________________________
1 day or m o re _______________________________________

See footnotes at end of tables.




2
3

23
39
40
51
53
82
85
85

86
91
93

3
5
5
60
60
76
76
91
99
99
99
99
99

1
1
2
10
28
30
40
42
95
97
97
97
97
98

18

T a b le B -5 .

P a id v a c a tio n s

(P ercent distribution of plant and office w orkers in a ll industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay p ro vision s,
Norfolk—Portsm outh and Newport New s—Hampton, V a . , January 1971)
Plant w orkers

Office workers

Vacation policy
A ll industries

A ll w ork ers____________________________________

Manufacturing

Public utilities

A ll industries

Manufacturing

Public utilities

100

100

100

100

100

100

97
93
4

97
89
8

99
99

99
99
1

100
94
6

100
100

-

3

3

1

(9)

-

-

5
11
(9 )

9
10
(9 )

4
1
-

2
37
3
2

7
23
11
"

_
24
-

2
78
1
14
(9)

3
76
2
12

1
45
(9 )
53
-

6
54
1
39
-

_
65
35
-

2
28
2
65
(9 )

3
30
3
60

1
7
1
91

6
4
4
87

5

-

-

(9 )

-

1
3
i
94

6
3
4
83

-

-

-

1
-

4
-

3

3

6
3
83
4
3

1
3
1
94
1

6
3
4
83
4

5

Method of payment
W ork ers in establishm ents providing
paid vacation s_____________________________________
L e n g th -o f-tim e p aym en t----------------------------------Percentage p a y m e n t___________________________
W ork ers in establishm ents providing
no paid vacations__________________________________

-

Amount of vacation pav 11
A fter 6 months of se rv ice
Under 1 week------------ ---------------------------------------------1 week________________________________________________
O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s _________________________
2 w e e k s----------------------------------------------------------------------A fter 1 year of serv ice
Under 1 week__________
___________________________
1 w eek -.— .
_______
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s _________________________
2 w e e k s ______________________________________________
O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s--------------------------------------

-

_
83
4
10
3

A fter 2 years of serv ice
Under 1 week— --------- — -------------------—
1 week
- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------------O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s__ ________ — ----- 2 w e e k s____ __ __ ____ ________ ___ ____ ____ _____ ___ _
O ver 2 and under 3 weeks - __________ — ______
3 w e e k s-----------------------------------------------------------------------

-

-

_
13
4
78
3
-

-

92
3

A fter 3 years of serv ice
Under 1 week_______ _______________________________
1 week________________________________________________
O ver 1 and under 2 w e e k s _________________________
2 w eek s------ ---------------- -------------------------------------- Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s _________________________
3 w e e k s----------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 4 and under 5 w e e k s____
_ . ____ . . —

2
9
5
78
2
(9 )
(9 )

3
12
9
67
4
(9 )

2
9
5
79
2

3
12
9
67
4
(9 )

6
3
83
4
-

5
-

93

A fter 4 years of service
Under 1 week___
1 week___________________________ ____
________ Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------2 w e e k s--------------------- ---------------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s _________________________
3 w e e k s------ ------------------------------------------------------------O ver 4 and under 5 w e e k s ----------------------- — — -

See footnotes at end of tables.




(’ )
(9 )

93
3

19

T a b le B -5 .

P a id v a c a tio n s -----C o n tin u e d

(P ercent distribution of plant and office w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay p ro vision s,
Norfolk—Portsm outh and Newport News—Hampton, V a . , January 1971)
Plant workers

Office workers

Vacation policy
A ll industries

Manufacturing

Public utilities

A ll industries

Manufacturing

Public utilities

Amount of vacation pay 11— Continued

A fter 5 years of service
1 week------------------------------------------------------------------------Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s-------------------------------------2 w e e k s ______________________________________________
O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s-------------------------------------3 w e e k s ______________________________________________
O ver 4 and under 5 w e e k s ________________________

5
1
80
3
9
(9)

4
1
80
5
7
-

1
1
91
4

4
32
21
37
2
1
(9 )

4
24
46
19
4
1

1
7
2
82
4
3

1
30
8
59

4
26
21
43
2
1
(9 )

4
13
46
29
4
1
“

1
6
85
4

1
26
10
61

4
20
(9 )
64
(9 )
8
(9 )
(9 )

4
7

1
5

1
16

-

-

-

84
2
1
4
3

66
(9 )
17
“

4
7

1
5

1
16

-

-

-

30
55

14
72
4

23
59

-

3

1
1
91
3
4
-

(9 )
3
82
6
9
-

-

97
-

3
-

A fter 10 years of service
1 week------------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s----------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s ________________________
3 w e e k s----------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 3 and under 4 w eek s___________ ___________
4 w e e k s______________________________________________
Over 5 and under 6 w eek s_________________________

-

-

2
“

_

24
34
37
5
~

_

4
3
93
"

After 12 years of service
1 week------------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s---------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s--------------------- ------------3 w e e k s---------------------------------------------------------------------Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s------------------------------------4 w e e k s______________________________________________
Over 5 and under 6 w eek s--------------------------------------

-

-

3

2
“

_

20
34
41
5

-

4
96
-

'

A fter 15 years of service
1 week------------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s-------------------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 3 and under 4 w e e k s-------------------------------------4 w e e k s______________________________________________
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s-------------------------------------Over 5 and under 6 w e e k s --------------------------------------

80
-

6
-

-

-

10
82
7
"

3
92
3
3
“

A fter 20 years of service
1 week------------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s --------------------------------------

Over 5 and under 6 w eek s--------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of tables.




4
20
(9 )
27
44
(9 )
1
(9 )

1

1
3

-

10
45
43

3
12
86

-

-

2

-

2 0

Table B -5.

Paid vacations---- Continued

(P ercent distribution of plant and office w orkers in a ll industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions ,
Norfolk—Portsm outh and Newport News—Hampton, V a. , January 1971)
Plant w orkers

O ffice workers

Vacation policy
A ll industries

Manufacturing

Public utilities

A ll industries

Manufacturing

Public utilities

Amount of vacation pay 11— Continued

A fter 25 years of serv ice
1 week-------------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s----------------------------------------------------------------------O ver 2 and under 3 w e e k s _________ __ - ______
3 w e e k s__________________________________________ __
4 w e e k s______________________________________________
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s _________ ________ __
5 w e e k s _________ ___________________________________
O ver 5 and under 6 w e e k s _________________________

_

_

4
19
(9 )
25
44
(’ )
4
(9 )

4
7
24
61
1
-

1
1
18
46
4
27
3

1
14
17
62
(9 )
5
-

4
19
(9 )
25
44
(9 )
4
(9 )

4
7
24
61
1

1
1
18
46
4
27
3

1
14
17
62
(9 )
5

_
10
30
57
2

2
12
56
29

4
19
(9 )
25
44
(9 )
4
(9 )

4
7
24
61

1
1
18
41
4
31
3

1
14
17
62
(9 )
5

_
10
30
57
2

_
2
12
56
30

10
30
57
2
-

2
12
56
29
-

A fter 30 vears of serv ice
1 week___
2 w e e k s _____________________________ _______________
Over 2 and under 3 weeks _
________ _____ —
3 w e e k s----------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ___________________________ ____________
O ver 4 and under 5 w e e k s _________________________
5 w e e k s____ ________________________________ _________

_

M axim um vacation available
1 week— — _______________ _____ _______ ______
2 w e e k s__________________
___________________ —
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s _________________________
3 w e e k s_________ ___ ______ __________________________
4 w e e k s ____ _
__
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ________________ ______
5 w e e k s___________________________ __________ ____ __
Over 5 and under 6 w e e k s _________________ ______

See footnotes at end of tables.




-

1

21

Table B -6.

Health, insurance, and pension plans

(Percent of plant and office w orkers in all industries and in industry divisions em ployed in establishm ents providing
health, insurance, or pension ben efits, Norfolk—Portsm outh and Newport News—Hampton, V a ., January 1971)
Plant w orkers
Type of benefit and
financing 12

A ll w orkers--------------------------------------------------------

W ork ers in establishm ents providing at
least 1 of the benefits shown b e lo w ____________

A ll industries

Manufacturing

O ffice workers
Public utilities

100

100

100

A ll industries

Manufacturing

Public utilities

100

100

100

96

96

100

99

99

100

Life in su ran ce----------------------------------------------------Noncontributory p la n s ______________________
Accidental death and dism em berm ent
insurance——— — — ———— —— — — —— — —
Noncontributory p la n s ---------------------------------Sickness and accident insurance or
sick leave or both 13--- --------------------- ---------

92
42

94
35

99
71

98
61

96
64

99
70

80
35

82
26

80
71

79
49

58
30

76
70

79

93

75

94

90

96

Sickness and accident insurance---------------N oncontributory p la n s ---------------------------Sick leave (full pay and no
waiting period)_____________________________
Sick leave (partial pay or
waiting period)---------------------------------------------

43
23

40
25

56
49

50
32

25
18

41
40

42

54

31

53

69

65

7

3

-

7

8

“

92
32
92
32
85
30
74
42
1
1
63
50

96
28
96
28
87
25
73
57
(?)
(9 )
79
75

99
77
99
77
99
77
93
75
4
4
75
43

95
49
95
49
89
49
91
48

97
64
97
64
90
64
89
62

(!)

(’ )
(*)
82
76

99
75
99
75
99
75
98
74
3
2
71
40

H ospitalization insurance---------------------------------Noncontributory p la n s ---------------------------------Surgical insurance______________________________
Noncontributory p la n s ---------------------------------M edical in su ran ce---------------------------------------------Noncontributory p la n s ---------------------------------M ajor m edical in su ran ce --------------------------------Noncontributory p la n s --------------------------------Dental in su ran ce________________________________
Noncontributory p la n s --------------------------------R etirem ent pension--------------------------------------------Noncontributory p la n s---------------------------------

See footnotes at end of tables.




(*)
79
57

22

Footnotes

All of these standard footnotes may not apply to this bulletin.

1
S t a n d a r d h o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p a y f o r o v e r t i m e at
r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , a n d th e e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e s e w e e k l y h o u r s .
2
T h e m e a n i s c o m p u t e d f o r e a c h j o b b y t o t a l i n g th e e a r n i n g s o f a l l w o r k e r s a n d d i v i d i n g b y th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d i a n d e s i g n a t e s
p o s i t i o n — h a l f o f th e e m p l o y e e s s u r v e y e d r e c e i v e m o r e th a n t h e r a t e s h o w n ; h a l f r e c e i v e l e s s th a n th e r a t e s h o w n . T h e m i d d l e r a n g e i s d e f i n e d b y
2 r a t e s o f p a y ; a f o u r t h o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n l e s s th a n th e l o w e r o f t h e s e r a t e s and a f o u r t h e a r n m o r e th a n th e h i g h e r r a t e .
3
E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and late sh ifts.
4
T h e s e s a l a r i e s r e l a t e t o f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d m i n i m u m s t a r t i n g ( h i r i n g ) r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s th at a r e p a i d f o r s t a n d a r d
w orkw eeks.
5
E x c l u d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s s u c h as m e s s e n g e r o r o f f i c e g i r l .
6
D a t a a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k s c o m b i n e d , a n d f o r the m o s t c o m m o n s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d .
7
I n c l u d e s a l l p l a n t w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g l a t e s h i f t s , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h o s e f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r la te
s h i f t s , e v e n th o u g h the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e n o t c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g l a t e s h i f t s .
8
L e s s th a n 0 . 0 5 p e r c e n t .
9
L e s s th a n 0 .5 p e r c e n t .
10 A l l c o m b i n a t i o n s o f f u l l a n d h a l f d a y s th a t a d d t o th e s a m e a m o u n t a r e c o m b i n e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a t o t a l
o f 9 d a y s i n c l u d e s t h o s e w i t h 9 f u l l d a y s a n d n o h a l f d a y s , 8 f u l l d a y s a n d 2 h a l f d a y s , 7 f u l l d a y s a n d 4 h a l f d a y s , a nd s o on . P r o p o r t i o n s th en
w e r e cu m u lated.
11 I n c l u d e s p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " s u c h as p e r c e n t a g e o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , c o n v e r t e d t o an e q u i v a l e n t
tim e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t of annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s i d e r e d as 1 w e e k 's pay. P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e c h o se n a r b it r a r ily
a n d d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t th e i n d i v i d u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p l e , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s i n d i c a t e d at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e
i n c l u d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . E s t i m a t e s a r e c u m u l a t i v e . T h u s , th e p r o p o r t i o n e l i g i b l e f o r 3 w e e k s ' p a y o r
m o r e a f t e r 10 y e a r s i n c l u d e s t h o s e e l i g i b l e f o r 3 w e e k s ' p a y o r m o r e a f t e r f e w e r y e a r s o f s e r v i c e .
12 E s t i m a t e s l i s t e d a f t e r t y p e o f b e n e f i t a r e f o r a l l p l a n s f o r w h i c h at l e a s t a p a r t o f th e c o s t i s b o r n e b y th e e m p l o y e r . " N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y
p l a n s " i n c l u d e o n l y t h o s e p l a n s f i n a n c e d e n t i r e l y b y th e e m p l o y e r . E x c l u d e d a r e l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d p l a n s , s u c h a s w o r k m e n ' s c o m p e n s a t i o n , s o c i a l
s e c u r i t y , a nd r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t .
13 U n d u p l i c a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e l o w . S i c k l e a v e p l a n s a r e
l i m i t e d t o t h o s e w h i c h d e f i n i t e l y e s t a b l i s h at l e a s t th e m i n i m u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y th at c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . I n f o r m a l s i c k l e a v e
a l l o w a n c e s d e t e r m i n e d o n an i n d i v i d u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d .




A p p e n d ix .

O c c u p a tio n a l D e s c rip tio n s

The p rim ary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the B ureau 's wage surveys is to a ssist its field staff in classifying into appropriate
occupations w orkers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangem ents from establishm ent to establishm ent and
from area to area.
This perm its the. grouping of occupational wage rates representing com parable job content.
Because of this emphasis on
interestablishm ent and interarea com parability of occupational content, the B ureau's job descriptions m ay differ significantly from those in use in
individual establishm ents or those prepared for other purposes.
In applying these job descriptions, the B ureau's field econom ists are instructed
to exclude working su p ervisors; apprentices; le a rn e rs; beginners; trainees; and handicapped, p a rt-tim e , tem porary, and probationary w orkers.

O F F IC E
C LER K . ACCOUNTING— Continued

B IL L E R , MACHINE

Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions.

P rep ares statem ents, b ills , and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or ele ctro m atic typewriter.
M ay also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or p erform other
cle rica l work incidental to billing operations. F or wage study purposes, b ille r s , m achine, are
cla ssified by type of m achine, as follow s:

C lass A . Under general supervision, perform s accounting clerica l operations which
require the application of experience and judgment, for exam ple, c lerica lly processing com ­
plicated or nonrepetitive accounting transactions, selecting among a substantial variety of
prescribed accounting codes and classification s, or tracing transactions through previous
accounting actions to determine source of discrepancies. M ay be a ssisted by one or m ore
class B accounting clerk s.

B ille r, machine (billing m achine). U ses a special billing machine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott
F ish er, Burroughs, etc ., which are combination typing and adding m achines) to prepare b ills
and invoices from cu sto m ers' purchase ord e rs, internally prepared o rd ers, shipping m em o ­
randum s, etc. U sually involves application of predeterm ined discounts and shipping ch arges,
and entry of n e cessary extensions, which m ay or m ay not be computed on the billing machine,
and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves
a large number of carbon copies of the b ill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold
m achine.
B ille r , machine (bookkeeping m achine). U ses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott
F ish er, Remington Rand, etc ., which m ay or m ay not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare
cu sto m e rs' b ills as part of the accounts receivable operation. G enerally involves the sim ulta­
neous entry of figures on cu sto m e rs’ ledger record. The machine automatically accum ulates
figures on a number of vertical columns and com putes, and usually prints automatically the
debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. W orks from uniform
and standard types of sales and credit slip s.

C la ss B . Under close supervision, following detailed instructions and standardized pro­
cedures, perform s one or m ore routine accounting clerica l operations, such as posting to
led ge rs, card s, or w orksheets where identification of item s and locations of postings are
clea rly indicated; checking accuracy and com pleteness of standardized and repetitive records
or accounting docum ents; and coding documents using a few p rescribed accounting codes.
CLER K , FILE
C lass A . In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter
file s , c la ssifie s and indexes file m aterial such as correspondence, reports, technical docu­
m ents, etc. May also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction
with the file s .
May lead a sm all group of lower level file clerk s.

B O O K K EEPIN G -M ACH INE O PERATO R

C lass B . S o rts, codes, and files unclassified m aterial by sim ple (subject m atter) head­
ings or partly cla ssified m aterial by finer subheadings. P repares sim ple related index and
c r o s s -r e fe r e n c e aids. A s requested, locates clearly identified m aterial in files and forwards
m aterial.
May perfo rm related clerica l tasks required to maintain and service files.

Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, E lliott F ish er, Sundstrand, Burroughs,
National Cash R egister, with or without a typewriter keyboard) to keep a record of business
transactions.

C lass C . P e rfo rm s routine filing of m aterial that has already been classified or which
is easily classified in a sim ple seria l classification system (e .g ., alphabetical, chronological,
or num erical). A s requested, locates readily available m aterial in files and forw ards m a ­
teria l; and m ay fill out withdrawal charge. P e rfo rm s sim ple clerical and manual tasks re ­
quired to maintain and service files.

C lass A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic
bookkeeping prin cip les, and fam iliarity with the structure of the particular accounting system
used. D eterm ines proper records and distribution of debit and credit item s to be used in each
phase of the work.
M ay prepare consolidated rep orts, balance sheets, and other records
by hand.
C lass B . Keeps a record of one or m ore phases or sections of a set of records usually
requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. P hases or sections include accounts payable,
payroll, cu sto m ers' accounts (not including a sim ple type of billing described under b ille r,
m achine), cost distribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or a ssist
in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department.
C LER K , ACCOUNTING
P e rform s one or m ore accounting cle rica l tasks such as posting to registers and ledgers;
reconciling bank accounts; verifying the internal consistency, com p leteness, and m athem atical
accuracy of accounting docum ents; assigning prescribed accounting distribution codes; examining
and verifying for clerica l accuracy various types of rep orts, lis t s , calculations, posting, e tc.;
or preparing sim ple or assistin g in preparing m ore com plicated journal vouchers.
May work
in either a manual or automated accounting system .
The work requires a knowledge of cle rica l methods and office practices and procedures
which relates to the clerica l p rocessing and recording of transactions and accounting information.
With experience, the worker typically becom es fam iliar with the bookkeeping and accounting term s
and procedures used in the assigned w ork, but is not required to have a knowledge of the form al
principles of bookkeeping and accounting.




NOTE;

Since the last survey in this area,

C LER K , ORDER
R eceives cu sto m ers' orders for m aterial or m erchandise by m ail, phone, or personally.
Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to cu sto m ers; making out an order
sheet listing the item s to make up the ord er; checking prices and quantities of item s on order
sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. M ay check with credit
department to determ ine credit rating of cu stom er, acknowledge receipt of orders from custom ers,
follow up orders to see that they have been filled , keep file of orders received, and check shipping
invoices with original orders.

C LER K , P A Y R O L L
Computes wages of company em ployees and enters the n e cessary data on the payroll
sheets. Duties involve: Calculating w orkers' earnings based on time or production reco rd s; and
posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as w ork er's name, working
days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. M ay make out paychecks and
a ssist paym aster in making up and distributing pay envelopes.
May use a calculating machine.

the Bureau has discontinued collecting data for oilers and plum bers.

23

24
C O M P TO M ETE R O PE RA TO R

SE CR E TAR Y— Continued

P r im a ry duty is to operate a C om ptom eter to perform m athem atical computations. This
job is not to be confused with that of statistical or other type of clerk , which m ay involve f r e ­
quent use of a C om ptom eter but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of
other duties.
KEYPU NCH O PERATO R
O perates a keypunch m achine
tabulating cards or on tape.

or v e rify

alphabetic

an d/or num eric

a.
Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that em ploys, in
few er than 100 p e rso n s; or

data on

C lass A . W ork requires the application of experience and judgment in selecting p ro ce ­
dures to be followed and in searching for, interpreting, selecting, or coding item s to be
keypunched from a variety of source docum ents. On occasion m ay also perfo rm som e routine
keypunch work.
M ay train inexperienced keypunch operators.
C lass B . W ork is routine and repetitive. Under close supervision or following specific
procedures or instructions, works from various standardized source documents which have
been coded, and follow s specified procedures which have been p re scrib ed in detail and require
little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be recorded. R efers to supervisor
problem s arising from erroneous item s or codes or m issin g information.
MESSENGER (Office Boy or G irl)
P e rfo rm s various routine duties such as running errands, operating m inor office m a ­
chines such as sea lers or m a ile r s , opening and distributing m a il, and other m inor cle rica l work.
Exclude positions that require operation of a m otor vehicle as a significant duty.
SE CR E TAR Y
Assign ed as personal secre ta ry , norm ally to one individual. Maintains a close and highly
responsive relationship to the d a y -to -d a y work activities of the sup ervisor. W orks fa irly inde­
pendently receiving a m inim um of detailed supervision and guidance.
P e rfo rm s varied clerical
and secre ta ria l duties, usually including m ost of the following: (a) R eceives telephone c a lls ,
personal c a lle r s , and incoming m a il, answers routine inqu iries, and routes the technical inquiries
to the proper p e rson s; (b) estab lish es, m aintains, and revises the su p erv iso r's file s ; (c) maintains
the su p erv iso r's calendar and m akes appointments as instructed; (d) relays m essa g e s from super­
v iso r to subordinates; (e) review s correspondence, m em oran du m s, and reports prepared by others
for the su p erv iso r's signature to assu re procedural and typographic accuracy; and (f) perform s
stenographic and typing work.
May also p erform other cle rica l and secre ta ria l tasks of com parable nature and difficulty.
The work typically requires knowledge of office routine and understanding of the organization,
pro gram s, and procedures related to the work of the supervisor.
Exclusions
Not a ll positions that are titled "s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the above ch aracteristics. Exam ples
of positions which are excluded from the definition are as follow s: (a) P ositions which do not m eet
the "p e r s o n a l" secreta ry concept described above; (b) stenographers not fully trained in secre ta ria l
type duties; (c) stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of p ro fessio n al, technical,
or m anagerial p erson s; (d) secre ta ry positions in which the duties are either substantially m ore
routine or substantially m ore com plex and responsible than those characterized in the definition;
and (e) assistant type positions which involve m ore difficult or m ore responsible technical, admin­
istrative, sup ervisory, or specialized clerica l duties which are not typical of secre ta ria l work.
N O T E : The term "co rp o ra te o f f i c e r ," used in the level definitions following, refers to
those officials who have a significant corporate-w ide policymaking role with regard to m ajor
company activities. The title "v ic e p r e s id e n t," though norm ally indicative of this role, does not
in a ll case s identify such positions. V ice presidents whose p rim ary responsibility is to act p e r­
sonally on individual case s or transactions ( e .g ., approve or deny individual loan or credit actions;
adm inister individual trust accounts; directly supervise a c le ric a l staff) are not considered to be
"co rp o ra te o ffic e r s " for purposes of applying the following level definitions.
C lass A
a.
S ecretary to the chairm an of the board or president of a company that em ploys, in
over 100 but few er than 5 ,0 0 0 p e rso n s; or

b.
Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president)
of a company that em ploys, in a ll, over 5, 000 but few er than 25, 000 p e rso n s; or
c.
Secretary to the head (im m ediately below the corporate officer level) of a m ajor
segm ent or subsidiary of a company that em ploys, in all, over 25, 000 p e rso n s.




a ll,

b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president)
of a company that em p loy s, in a ll, over 100 but fewer than 5, 000 p e rso n s; or
to record

Positions are cla ssifie d into levels on the basis of the following definitions.

all,

C lass B

c.
Secretary to the head (im m ediately below the officer level) over either' a m ajor
corporate-w ide functional activity (e .g ., m arketing, resea rch , operations, industrial re la tions, etc.) or~a m ajor geographic or organizational segm ent (e .g ., a regional headquarters;
a m ajor division) of a company that em ploys, in a ll, over 5 ,0 0 0 but fewer than 2 5 ,0 0 0
em p loy ees; or
d.
S ecretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level
of official) that em ploys, in a ll, over 5, 000 p e rso n s; or
e.
S ecretary to the head of a large and important organizational segment (e .g ., a middle
m anagement supervisor of an organizational segm ent often involving as many as several
hundred persons) of a company that em ploys, in all, over 25, 000 p e rso n s.
C lass C
a.
Secretary to an executive or m anagerial person whose responsibility is not equivalent
to one of the specific level situations in the definition for class B , but whose subordinate staff
norm ally numbers at least several dozen em ployees and is usually divided into organizational
segm ents which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In som e com panies, this level includes
a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or two; or
b.
Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level
of official) that em ploys, in a ll, few er than 5, 000 p e rso n s.
C lass D
a. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a sm all organizational unit (e .g ., fewer than
about 25 or 30 person s); or
b.
Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff sp ecia list, professional em ployee, adm inistra­
tive officer, or assistant, skilled technician or expert.
(N O TE: Many companies assign
stenographers, rather than secre ta rie s as described above, to this level of supervisory or
nonsupervisory w orker.)
STEN O GRAPHER, G EN ER AL
P r im a ry duty is to take dictation involving a norm al routine vocabulary from one or m ore
persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine; and transcribe dictation. May
also type from written copy. M ay maintain file s , keep sim ple reco rd s, or p erform other relatively
routine cle rica l tasks.
M ay operate from a stenographic pool.
Does not include transcribingmachine w ork. (See transcribin g-m achine operators.)
STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR
P r im a ry duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary
such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific resea rch from one or m ore persons either in short­
hand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written
copy. May also set up and maintain file s , keep reco rd s, etc.
OR
P e rfo rm s stenographic duties requiring significantly greater independence and responsi­
bility than stenographers, general as evidenced by the following: W ork requires high degree of
stenographic speed and accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general business and office
procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, p o licie s, procedu res, file s,
w orkflow, etc.
U ses this knowledge in perform ing stenographic duties and responsible clerical
tasks such a s , maintaining followup file s ; assem bling m aterial for rep orts, m em orandum s, letters,
etc .; com posing sim ple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming m ail; and
answering routine questions, etc.
Does not include transcribin g-m achine w ork.
SW ITCHBOARD O PERATO R
C la ss A . Operates a sin gle- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming,
outgoing, intraplant or office calls. P e rfo rm s full telephone information service or handles
com plex c a lls , such as conference, collect, o v e rsea s, or sim ilar ca lls, either in addition to
doing routine work as described for switchboard operator, class B , or as a fu ll-tim e

25
SW ITCHBOARD O PE R A TO R — Continued

TA B U L A TIN G -M A C H IN E O PERATO R (E lectric Accounting Machine Operator)---- Continued

assignm ent. ( "F u ll" telephone inform ation service occurs when the establishm ent has varied
functions that are not readily understandable for telephone inform ation pu rposes, e .g ., because
of overlapping or interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent problem s as to
which extensions are appropriate for calls.)

C lass B . P e rform s work according to established procedures and under specific in­
structions. A ssignm ents typically involve complete but routine and recurring reports or parts
of larger and m ore com plex reports. O perates m ore difficult tabulating or electrical a c ­
counting m achines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sim pler m achines
used by c la ss C operators. May be required to do som e wiring from diagram s. May train
new em ployees in basic machine operations.

C lass B . Operates a sin gle- or m ultiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming,
outgoing, intraplant or office ca lls. M ay handle routine long distance calls and record tolls.
M ay perform lim ited telephone inform ation serv ice . ("L im ite d " telephone inform ation service
occurs if the functions of the establishm ent serviced are readily understandable for telephone
inform ation pu rposes, or if the requests are routine, e .g ., giving extension numbers when
specific names are furnished, or if com plex calls are referred to another operator.)

C lass C . Under specific instructions, operates sim ple tabulating or electrical accounting
m achines such as the so rte r, interpreter, reproducing punch, collator, etc.
Assignm ents
typically involve portions of a work unit, for exam ple, individual sorting or collating runs,
or repetitive operations. May perform sim ple wiring from diagram s, and do som e filing work.

SW ITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IST

TRANSCRIBING-M ACH INE O PE R A TO R , G EN ER AL

In addition to perform ing duties of operator on a sin gle-position or m onitor-type switch­
board, acts as receptionist and m ay also type or perfo rm routine cle rica l work as part of regular
duties.
This typing or cle rica l work m ay take the m ajor part of this w ork e r's time while at
switchboard.

P r im a ry duty is to transcribe dictation involving a norm al routine vocabulary from
transcribing-m achine reco rds.
M ay also type from written copy and do sim ple clerica l work.
W ork ers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as
legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A w orker who takes dictation
in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine is classified as a stenographer, general.

TA B U L A T IN G -M A C H IN E O PE R A TO R (E lectric Accounting Machine Operator)
TYPIST
Operates one or a variety of m achines such as the tabulator, calculator, collator, inter­
p re te r, so rter, reproducing punch, etc. Excluded from this definition are working sup ervisors.
A lso excluded are operators of electronic digital com puters, even though they m ay also operate
E A M equipment.

U ses a typewriter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out b ills after calcu la­
tions have been made by another person. M ay include typing of sten cils, m ats, or sim ilar m ate­
rials for use in duplicating p ro c e sse s. May do clerica l work involving little special training, such
as keeping sim ple reco rd s, filing records and rep orts, or sorting and distributing incoming m ail.

P ositions are cla ssified into levels on the basis of the following definitions.
C la ss A . P e rfo rm s one or m ore of the following: Typing m aterial in final form when
it involves combining m aterial from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling,
syllabication, punctuation, e tc ., of technical or unusual words or foreign language m ate­
rial; and planning layout and typing of com plicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity
and balance in spacing. M ay type routine form letters varying details to suit circum stances.

C la ss A . P e rfo rm s com plete reporting and tabulating assignm ents including devising
difficult control panel wiring under general supervision.
Assign m ents typically involve a
variety of long and com plex reports which often are irregu lar or nonrecurring, requiring
som e planning of the nature and sequencing of operations, and the use of a variety of m achines.
Is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations or training low er level
operators in wiring from diagram s and in the operating sequences of long and com plex reports.
Does not include positions in which wiring responsibility is lim ited to selection and insertion
of prewired boards.

P R O F E S S IO N A L

Monitors and operates the control console of a digital computer to p ro cess data according
to operating instructions, usually prepared by a program er. W ork includes m ost of the following;
Studies instructions to determ ine equipment setup and operations; loads equipment with required
item s (tape r e e ls, card s, e tc.); switches n ecessa ry auxiliary equipment into circu it, and starts
and operates com puter; m akes adjustments to computer to correct operating problem s and m eet
special conditions; review s e rro rs made during operation and determ ines cause or refers problem
to supervisor or pro gram er; and maintains operating records. M ay test and a s s is t in correcting
program .
computer operators are cla ssified as follow s;

C lass A . O perates independently, or under only general direction, a computer running
program s with m ost of the following c h a ra cteristics: New program s are frequently tested and
introduced; scheduling requirem ents are of critica l importance to m inim ize downtime; the
program s are of com plex design so that identification of e rro r source often requires a working
knowledge of the total program , and alternate program s m ay not be available.
May give
direction and guidance to lower level operators.
C lass B . O perates independently, or under only general direction, a computer running
program s with m ost of the following ch aracteristics: M ost of the program s are established
production runs, typically run on a regularly recurring b a s is ; there is little or no testing
of new program s required; alternate program s are provided in case original program needs
m ajor change or cannot be corrected within a reasonable tim e. In common erro r situations,
diagnoses cause and takes correctiv e action. This usually involves applying previously p ro­
gram ed corrective steps, or using standard correction techniques.
OR
Operates under direct supervision a computer running program s or segm ents of program s
with the ch aracteristics described for cla ss A . M ay a s s is t a higher level operator by inde­
pendently perform ing le s s difficult tasks assigned, and perform ing difficult tasks following
detailed instructions and with frequent review of operations perform ed.




AND

T E C H N IC A L

COM PUTER O PERATO R — Continued

COM PUTER OPERATO R

For wage study purposes,

C lass B . P e rfo rm s one or m ore of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear
drafts; routine typing of fo rm s, insurance p o licies, e tc.; and setting up sim ple standard
tabulations, or copying m ore com plex tables already setup and spaced properly.

C la ss C . W orks on routine program s under close supervision.
Is expected to develop
working knowledge of the computer equipment used and ability to detect problem s involved in
running routine p rogram s. Usually has received som e form al training in computer operation.
M ay a s s is t higher level operator on com plex program s.
C OM PUTER PR O GR AM ER, BUSINESS
Converts statem ents of business problem s, typically prepared by a system s analyst, into
a sequence of detailed instructions which are required to solve the problem s by automatic data
p rocessing equipment.
Working from charts or diagram s, the program er develops the precise
instructions which, when entered into the computer system in coded language, cause the manipu­
lation of data to achieve desired resu lts. Work involves m ost of the following: Applies knowledge
of computer capabilities, m athem atics, logic employed by com puters, and particular subject matter
involved to analyze charts and diagram s of the problem to be program ed.
Develops sequence
of program steps, w rites detailed flow charts to show order in which data w ill be processed ;
converts these charts to coded instructions for machine to follow ; tests and corrects program s;
prepares instructions for operating personnel during production run; analyzes, review s, and alters
program s to increase operating efficiency or adapt to new requirem ents; maintains records of
program development and revisions. (NO TE: W orkers perform ing both system s analysis and pro­
graming should be classified as system s analysts if this is the skill used to determ ine their pay.)
Does not include em ployees p rim arily responsible for the management or supervision of
other electronic data processing (EDP) em ployees, or program ers prim arily concerned with
scientific a n d /o r engineering problem s.
For wage study purposes,

program ers are classified as follow s:

C lass A . W orks independently or under only general direction on com plex problem s which
require competence in all phases of program ing concepts and practices. Working from dia­
gram s and charts which identify the nature of desired resu lts, m ajor processing steps to be
accom plished, and the relationships between various steps of the problem solving routine;
plans the full range of program ing actions needed to efficiently utilize the computer system
in achieving desired end products.

26
C O M P U TER P R O G R AM E R , BUSINESS---- Continued
At this level, program ing is difficult because computer equipment m ust be organized to
produce several interrelated but d iverse products from numerous and d iverse data elem ents.
A wide variety and extensive number of internal p rocessing actions m ust occur. This requires
such actions as development of com m on operations which can be reused, establishm ent of
linkage points between operations, adjustm ents to data when program requirem ents exceed
computer storage capacity, and substantial manipulation and resequencing of data elem ents
to form a highly integrated program .
May provide functional direction to lower level pro gram ers who are assigned to a ssist.

C la ss B . W orks independently or under only general direction on relatively sim ple
p ro gram s, or on sim ple segm ents of com plex p ro gram s.
P rogram s (or segm ents) usually
p ro cess inform ation to produce data in two or three varied sequences or form ats. Reports
and listings are produced by refining, adapting, arraying, or making m inor additions to or
deletions from input data which are readily available.
W hile numerous records m ay be
p ro cessed , the data have been refined in p rio r actions so that the accuracy and sequencing
of data can be tested by using a few routine checks.
T y pically, the program deals with
routine record-keeping type operations.
OR
W orks on com plex program s (as described for c la ss A) under clo se direction of a higher
level program er or sup ervisor.
M ay a s s is t higher level program er by independently p e r ­
form ing le ss difficult tasks assigned, and perform ing m ore difficult tasks under fairly close
direction.
May guide or instruct low er level p ro gram ers.
C la ss C . M akes practical applications of program ing p ractices and concepts usually
learned in form al training co u rses. Assign m ents are designed to develop com petence in the
application of standard procedures to routine pro blem s. R eceives close supervision on new
aspects of assignm ents; and work is reviewed t o ,v e r ify its accuracy and conform ance with
required procedures.

C OM PUTER SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS
A nalyzes business problem s to form ulate procedures for solving them by use of electronic
data p rocessing equipment. D evelops a com plete description of all specifications needed to enable
pro gram ers to prepare required digital com puter pro gram s. W ork involves m ost of the follow ing:
Analyzes sub ject-m atter operations to be automated and identifies conditions and criteria required
to achieve satisfactory resu lts; specifies number and types of re co rd s, file s , and documents to
be used; outlines actions to be p erform ed by personnel and com puters in sufficient detail for
presentation to m anagem ent and for program ing (typically this involves preparation of work and
data flow ch arts); coordinates the development of test problem s and participates in tria l runs of
new and revised sy ste m s; and recom m ends equipment changes t o . obtain m ore effective overall
operations. (N O TE: W ork ers perform ing both system s analysis and program ing should be c la s ­
sified as system s analysts if this is the sk ill used to determ ine their pay.)

COM PUTER SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS---- Continued
maintaining accounts receivable in a retail establishm ent, or maintaining inventory accounts
in a manufacturing or w holesale establishm ent.) Confers with persons concerned to determine
the data p rocessing problem s and advises su b ject-m atter personnel on the im plications of the
data p rocessing system s to be applied.
OR
W orks on a segm ent of a com plex data p rocessing schem e or system , as described for
class A . W orks independently on routine assignm ents and receives instruction and guidance
on com plex assignm ents. W ork is reviewed for accuracy of judgment, com pliance with in­
structions, and to insure proper alinement with the overall system .
C la ss C . W orks under im m ediate supervision, carrying out analyses as assigned, usually
of a single activity.
Assign m ents are designed to develop and expand practical experience
in the application of procedures and skills required for system s analysis work. F or example,
m ay a s s is t a higher level system s analyst by preparing the detailed specifications required
by p ro gram ers from inform ation developed by the higher level analyst.
D RAFTSM AN
C la ss A . Plans the graphic presentation of com plex item s having distinctive design
features that differ significantly from established drafting precedents. W orks in close sup­
port with the design originator, and m ay recom mend minor design changes.
Analyzes the
effect of each change on the details of form , function, and positional relationships of com ­
ponents and parts.
W orks with a m inim um of supervisory assistance.
Completed work is
reviewed by design originator for consistency with prior engineering determ inations.
May
either prepare drawings, or direct their preparation by lower level draftsm en.
C lass B . P e rfo rm s nonroutine and com plex drafting assignm ents that require the appli­
cation of m ost of the standardized drawing techniques regularly used.
Duties typically in­
volve such work a s: P repares working drawings of subassem blies with irregular shapes,
multiple functions, and p re cise positional relationships between components; prepares arch i­
tectural drawings for construction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, wall
sections, floor plans, and roof. U ses accepted form ulas and manuals in making n ecessary
computations to determ ine quantities of m aterials to be used, load capacities, strengths,
s t r e s s e s , etc.
R eceives initial instructions, requirem ents, and advice from supervisor.
Com pleted work is checked for technical adequacy.
C la ss C . P repares detail drawings of single units or parts for engineering, construction,
m anufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include isom etric projections
(depicting three dim ensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to clarify positioning of
components and convey needed inform ation. Consolidates details from a number of sources
and adjusts or transposes scale as required.
Suggested methods of approach, applicable
precedents, and advice on source m aterials are given with initial assignm ents. Instructions
are le s s com plete when assignm ents recur.
W ork m ay be spot-checked during pro gress.
D R A F T S M A N -T R A C E R
Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over
drawings and tracing with pen or pencil.
(Does not include tracing lim ited to plans prim arily
consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring close delineation.)
A N D /O R

Does not include em ployees p rim arily responsible for the m anagement or supervision of
other electronic data p rocessing (EDP) em ployees, or system s analysts p rim arily concerned with
scientific or engineering problem s.
For wage study pu rposes,

system s analysts are cla ssified as follow s:

C la ss A . W orks independently or under only general direction on com plex problem s
involving all phases of system s an alysis. P roblem s are com plex because of diverse sources
of input data and m u ltiple-u se requirem ents of output data. (F or exam ple, develops an inte­
grated production scheduling, inventory control, cost an alysis, and sales analysis record in
which every item of each type is autom atically p ro cessed through the full system of records
and appropriate followup actions are initiated by the com puter.) C onfers with persons con­
cerned to determ ine the data p rocessing problem s and advises su b ject-m atter personnel on
the im plications of new or revised system s of data p rocessing operations.
M akes reco m ­
m endations, if needed, for approval of m ajor system s installations or changes and for
obtaining equipment.
May provide functional direction to low er level system s analysts who are assigned to
a ssist.
C lass B . W orks independently or under only general direction on problem s that are
relatively uncom plicated to analyze, plan, program , and operate. P roblem s are of lim ited
com plexity because sou rces of input data are homogeneous and the output data are closely
related.
(For exam ple, develops system s for maintaining depositor accounts in a bank,




P rep ares sim ple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized item s.
during p ro g ress.

W ork is closely supervised

ELEC TR O NIC TECHNICIAN
W orks on various types of electronic equipment or system s by perform ing one or m ore
of the following operations: M odifying, installing, repairing, and overhauling. These operations
require the perform ance of m ost or all of the following ta sk s: A ssem blin g, testing, adjusting,
calibrating, tuning, and alining.
W ork is nonrepetitive and requires a knowledge of the theory and practice of electronics
pertaining to the use of general and specialized electronic test equipment; trouble an alysis; and
the operation, relationship, and alinement of electronic sy stem s, sub system s, and circuits having
a variety of component parts.
E lectronic equipment or system s worked on typically include one or m ore of the following:
Ground, veh icle, or airborne radio communications sy stem s, relay sy stem s, navigation aids;
airborne or ground radar sy ste m s; radio and television transmitting or recording system s; e le c ­
tronic com puters; m is s ile and spacecraft guidance and control sy stem s; industrial and m edical
m easuring, indicating, and controlling devices; etc.
(Exclude production a ssem b lers and te ste rs, craftsm en , draftsm en, design ers, engineers,
and repairm en of such standard electronic equipment as office m achines, radio and television
receiving sets.)

27
NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (Registered)

NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (R egistered)— Continued

A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general m edical direction to ill or
injured em ployees or other persons who becom e ill or suffer an accident on the p re m ises of a
factory or other establishm ent. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving firs t aid
to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressin g of em ployees' injuries; keeping records

of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in
physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and c a rr y ­
ing out program s involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment,
or other activities affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of all personnel.

M A IN T E N A N C E

AND

PO W ERPLANT

C A R P E N T E R , M AIN TENANC E

M ACHINIST, M AIN TENANCE

P e rfo rm s the carpentry duties n e cessa ry to construct and maintain in good repair building
woodwork and equipment such as b in s, c rib s , counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, sta irs,
casings, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the following: Planning
and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, m od els, or verbal instructions using a variety
of carp enter's handtools, portable power to o ls, and standard m easuring instrum ents; making
standard shop computations relating to dim ensions of work; and selecting m aterials n e cessary
for the work. In gen eral, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and
experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

Produces replacem ent parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of m echanical
equipment operated in an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the following: Interpreting written
instructions and specifications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of m achinist's
handtools and p recision m easuring instrum ents; setting up and operating standard machine tools;
shaping of m etal parts to close toleran ces; making standard shop computations relating to dim en­
sions of work, tooling, feed s, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of
the com m on m e ta ls; selecting standard m a teria ls, parts, and equipment required for his work;
and fitting and assem bling parts into m echanical equipment.
In general, the m ach in ist's work
norm ally requires a rounded training in m achine-shop practice usually acquired through a form al
apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.

E L E C T R IC IA N , M AIN TENANC E
P e rfo rm s a variety of electrica l trade functions such as the installation, m aintenance,
or repair of equipment for the generation, distribution, or utilization of electric energy in an
establishm ent.
W ork involves m ost of the follow ing: Installing or repairing any of a variety
of e lectrica l equipment such as gen erators, tra n sfo rm e rs, sw itchboards, con trollers, circuit
b re a k ers, m o to rs, heating units, conduit sy stem s, or other tran sm ission equipment; working
from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in
the electrica l system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirem ents
of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electricia n 's handtools and m easuring
and testing instrum ents.
In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded
training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training
and experience.
EN G INEER , STATION AR Y
O perates and maintains and m ay also supervise the operation of stationary engines and
equipment (m echanical or electrical) to supply the establishm ent in which employed with power,
heat, refrigeration , or air-conditioning.
W ork involves; Operating and maintaining equipment
such as steam engines, air co m p re s s o rs , gen erators, m o to rs, turbines, ventilating and r e frig ­
erating equipment, steam b oilers and b o ile r -fe d water pum ps; making equipment rep airs; and
keeping a record of operation of m achinery, tem perature, and fuel consumption. May also su­
pervise these operations.
Head or chief engineers in establishm ents employing m ore than one
engineer are excluded.
FIR EM A N , STATION ARY BOILER
F ire s stationary bo ilers to furnish the establishm ent in which employed with heat, power,
or steam . Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, or gas or oil burner;
and checks water and safety v alves. M ay clean, o il, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipment.
H E L P E R , M AIN TENANCE TRADES
A s s is t s one or m ore w orkers in the skilled maintenance trad es, by perform ing specific
or general duties of le s s e r skill, such as keeping a w orker supplied with m aterials and tools;
cleaning working area, m achine, and equipment; assistin g journeym an by holding m aterials or
tools; and perform ing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeym an.
The kind of work the
helper is perm itted to perfo rm varies from trade to trade:
In som e trades the helper is con­
fined to supplying, lifting, and holding m aterials and tools and cleaning working area s; and in
others he is perm itted to p erform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are
also perform ed by w orkers on a fu ll-tim e b a sis.
M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A TO R , TOOLROOM
Specializes in the operation of one or m ore types of machine tools, such as jig b o r ers,
cylindrical or surface grind ers, engine lathes, or m illing m ach in es, in the construction of
m achine-shop tools, gages, jig s , fixtu res, or dies. W ork involves m ost of the following: Planning
and perform ing difficult machining operations; p rocessing item s requiring com plicated setups or
a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of p recision m easuring instrum ents; selecting feeds,
speeds, tooling, and operation sequence; and making n ecessa ry adjustments during operation
to achieve requisite tolerances or dim ensions.
May be required to recognize when tools need
dressin g, to d ress to o ls, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils.
For
cro ss-in d u stry wage study pu rposes, m ach in e-tool op erators, toolroom , in tool and die jobbing
shops are excluded from this classification .




M ECH AN IC, AU TOM O TIVE (Maintenance)
R epairs autom obiles, b u ses, m otortrucks, and tractors of an establishm ent. W ork in­
volves m ost of the follow ing: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; d is­
assem bling equipment and perform ing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as w renches,
gages, d r ills , or specialized equipment in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or
defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting v alves; reassem bling and installing the various
a ssem b lies in the vehicle and making n e cessary adjustm ents; and alining w heels, adjusting brakes
and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the automotive mechanic requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience.
M ECH AN IC, M AINTENANCE
Repairs m achinery or m echanical equipment of an establishm ent.
W ork involves m ost
of the following: Examining machines and m echanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble;
dismantling or partly dismantling m achines and perform ing repairs that m ainly involve the use
of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with item s obtained
from stock; ordering the production of a replacem ent part by a machine shop or sending of the
machine to a machine shop for m ajor rep airs; preparing written specifications for m ajor repairs
or for the production of parts ordered from machine shop; reassem bling m achines; and making
all n e cessa ry adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance m echanic requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience.
Excluded from this classification are w orkers whose prim ary duties
involve setting up or adjusting m achines.
MILLW RIGHT
Installs new m achines or heavy equipment, and dism antles and installs m achines or heavy
equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. W ork involves m ost of the following:
Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety
of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to s t r e s s e s , strength of
m a teria ls, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools,
equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transm ission
equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m illw right's work norm ally requires
a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a form al apprenticeship or
equivalent training and experience.
PA IN T ER , M AIN TENANCE
Paints and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an establishm ent. W ork involves
the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applica­
tions; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail
holes and in terstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. M a y m ix c o lo rs, o ils, white
lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the
maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al
apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience.
P IP E F IT T E R , M AINTENANCE
Installs or repairs w ater, steam , gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an
establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the following: Laying out of work and m easuring to locate
position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to
correct lengths with ch isel and ham m er or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting m achine; threading
pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or pow er-driven m achines; assem bling

28
P IP E F IT T E R , M AIN TENANC E— Continued

TO O L AND DIE M AKER

pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to
p re ssu re s, flow , and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determ ine whether fin­
ished pipes m eet specifications.
In gen eral, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience. W ork ers p rim arily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation
or heating system s are excluded.
S H E E T -M E T A L W ORK ER , M AIN TE N A N C E
F a b ricates, in sta lls, and m aintains in good repair the sh e et-m etal equipment and fixtures
(such as m achine guards, grea se pans, sh elves, lo c k e rs , tanks, ven tilators, chutes, ducts, m etal
roofing) of an establishm ent. W ork involves m ost of the following: Planning and laying out all
types of sh e et-m etal maintenance work from blueprints, m od els, or other specifications; setting
up and operating a ll available types of sh e et-m etal working m ach in es; using a variety of handtools
in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assem b ling; and installing sh eet-m etal articles
as required.
In gen eral, the work of the maintenance sh eet-m etal w orker requires rounded
training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training
and experience.

C U S T O D IA L

AND

Guard. P e rfo rm s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining
ord er, using arm s or force where n e cessary.
Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate
and check on identity of em ployees and other persons entering.
Watchman. Makes rounds of p re m ises periodically in protecting property against fire,
theft, and illeg al entry.
PO R TE R ,

C onstructs and repairs m achine-shop tools, gages, jig s , fixtures or dies for forgings,
punching, and other m etal-form in g work.
W ork involves m ost of the following: Planning and
laying out of work from m od els, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications;
using a variety of tool and die m a k e r's handtools and p recision m easuring instrum ents; under­
standing of the working properties of common m etals and alloys; setting up and operating of
machine tools and related equipment; making n e cessary shop computations relating to dimensions
of w ork, speeds, feed s, and tooling of m achines; heat-treating of m etal parts during fabrication
as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close toleran ces;
fitting and assem bling of parts to p rescribed tolerances and allow ances; and selecting appropriate
m a teria ls, tools, and p ro c e s s e s . In general, the tool and die m a k e r's work requires a rounded
training in m achine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship
or equivalent training and experience.
F o r cro ss-in d u stry wage study purposes,
shops are excluded from this classification .

M A T E R IA L

GUARD AND W ATCH M AN

JANITOR,

(Die m aker; jig m aker; tool m aker; fixture m aker; gage maker)

OR CLEANER

tool and die m akers in tool and die jobbing

M OVEM ENT

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK
Prepares m erchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming ship­
ments of merchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping
procedures, pra ctices, routes, available means of transportation, and rate; and preparing r e c ­
ords of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and
keeping a file of shipping reco rd s. May direct or a ssist in preparing the m erchandise for ship­
ment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of
shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other reco rd s; checking for shortages and rejecting
damaged goods; routing merchandise or m aterials to proper departments; and maintaining neces­
sary records and file s .

(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
F o r w age stu dy p u r p o s e s ,
Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and w ashroom s, or
prem ises of an office, apartment house, or com m ercial or other establishm ent. Duties involve
a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing
chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures
or trim m ings; providing supplies and minor maintenance se rv ice s; and cleaning lavatories, show­
e r s , and restroo m s. W orkers who specialize in window washing are excluded.
LA BO R ER , M A T E R IA L HANDLING
(Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; w are­
houseman or warehouse helper)
A worker employed in a w arehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment
whose duties involve one or m ore of the following: Loading and unloading various m aterials and
m erchandise on or from freight c a rs , truck s, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving,
or placing m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage location; and transporting m aterials or
m erchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshorem en, who load and unload ships are
excluded.

w o r k e r s a r e c la s s i f ie d as fo llo w s ;

Receiving clerk
Shipping clerk
Shipping and receiving clerk

TRUCKDRIVER
D rives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, m erchandise,
equipment, or men between various types of establishm ents such as; Manufacturing plants, freight
depots, w arehouses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or between retail establishm ents and
cu sto m e rs’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers,
make minor mechanical rep airs, and keep truck in good working order. D riv e r-sa le sm e n and
o v e r-th e -ro a d drivers are excluded.
For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipment,
as follow s:
(T ra cto r-tra ile r should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.)

ORDER FIL LE R
(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored m erchandise in accord­
ance with specifications on sales s lip s, cu sto m e rs' ord ers, or other instructions. M ay, inaddition
to filling orders and indicating item s filled or om itted, keep records of outgoing o rd ers, requi­
sition additional stock or report short supplies to sup ervisor, and perform other related duties.

Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately)
Truckdriver, light (under IV2 tons)
Truckdriver, medium (lV2 to and including 4 tons)
Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)
Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type)

TRUCKER,

POWER

P A CK E R , SHIPPING
Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping con­
tainers, the specific operations perform ed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of
units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the
placing of item s in shipping containers and m ay involve one or m ore of the following: Knowl­
edge of various item s of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size
of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent
breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying
data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.




Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to
transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other
establishm ent.

For wage study purposes, w orkers aye classified by type of truck, as follow s:
T rucker, power (forklift)
Trucker, power (other than forklift)

&U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:

1V71 0 - 432-468 (32)

A rea W ag e

Surveys

A l i s t o f the l a t e s t a v a i l a b l e b u l l e t i n s is p r e s e n t e d b e l o w . A d i r e c t o r y o f a r e a w a g e s t u d ie s in c lu d in g m o r e l i m i t e d s tu d ie s c o n d u c t e d at the
r e q u e s t o f the W a g e and H o u r D i v i s i o n o f the D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r is a v a i l a b l e on r e q u e s t . B u l l e t i n s m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m the S u p e rin te n d e n t o f
D o c u m e n t s , U.S. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f i c e , W a s h in g t o n , D . C . , 2 0 4 02 , o r f r o m any o f the B L S r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s s h o w n on the in s i d e f r o n t c o v e r .

Area
A k r o n , O h i o , J u l y 1970____________________________________
A lb a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y —T r o y , N . Y . , F e b . 1970___________
A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 1 --------------------------------A l l e n t o w n —B e t h l e h e m —E a s t o n , P a . —N . J . , M a y 1970 1—
A t la n t a , G a . , M a y 1970 1 __________________________________
B a l t i m o r e , M d . , A u g. 1970 1 _____________________________
B e a u m o n t —P o r t A rt h u r—O r a n g e , T e x . , M a y 1 9 7 0 -------B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . , J u l y 1970 _____________________________
B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1970-----------------------------------------B o i s e C it y , Idaho, N o v . 1970 1 ----------------------------------------B o s t o n , M a s s . , Aug. 1 970 1 ______________________________
B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t . 1970 1 ________________________________
B u r l i n g t o n , V t ., M a r . 1970_______________________________
C a n t o n , O h i o , M a y 1970 1 _________________________________
C h a r l e s t o n , W . V a . , A p r . 1970 1 -------------------------------------C h a r l o t t e , N . C . , Jan. 1971________________________________
C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . - G a . , Sep t. 1970 1 ---------------------------C h i c a g o , 111., June 1970___________________________________
C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o —K y .—I n d . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 ---------------------------C l e v e l a n d , O h i o , Sep t. 1970 1 -------------------------------------------C o l u m b u s , O h i o , O c t . 1970 1 _____________________________
D a l l a s , T e x . , O c t . 1970 1 --------------------------------------------------D a v e n p o r t —R o c k I s la n d —M o l i n e , Iowa—111.,
F e b . 1971___________________________________________________
D a y to n , O h i o , D e c . 1 9 7 0 1 ________________________________
D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1970--------------------------------------------------D e s M o i n e s , I o w a , M a y 1970 1 ----------------------------------------D e t r o i t , M i c h . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 ________________________________
F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t . 1970 1 ____________________________
G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u l y 1970 1 -------------------------------------------G r e e n v i l l e , S . C . , M a y 1 9 7 0 ______________________________
H o u s t o n , T e x . , A p r . 1970_________________________________
I n d ia n a p o lis , Ind., O c t . 1970 1 ____________________________
J a c k s o n , M i s s . , Jan. 1 97 1 1 ---------------------------------------------J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 1970 1 --------------------------------------K a n s a s C it y , M o . —K a n s . , Sep t. 1970 1 ---------------------------L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N . H . , June 1970 1 -----------L it t l e R o c k —N o r t h L it tl e R o c k , A r k . , J u l y 1970 1 -------L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h and An aheirrr -S anta A n a G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1970---------------------------------L o u i s v i l l e , K y . - I n d . , N o v . 1970__________________________
L u b b o c k , T e x . , M a r . 1970 1 ___________ _________________
M a n c h e s t e r , N . H . , J u l y 1970 1 ___________________________
M e m p h i s , T e n n . —A r k . . N o v . 1970_____________________ —
M i a m i , F l a . , N o v . 1970 1 __________________________________
M id la n d and O d e s s a , T e x . , Jan. 1971-----------------------------M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , M a y 1970 1 _____________________________
M i n n e a p o l i s —St. P a u l , M in n . , Jan. 1971_________________

B u lle t in n u m b e r
and p r i c e
1660-88,
1660-51,
1660-55,
1660-83,
1660-76,
1685-18,
1660-84,
1685-6,
1660-57,
1685-21,
1685-11,
1685-43,
1660-53,
1660-81,
1660-68,
1685-48,
1685-10,
1660-90,
1660-49,
1685-28,
1685-33,
1685-22,

30 c e n t s
30c e n t s
35 c e n ts
35c e n t s
50ce n ts
50 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
30ce n ts
30c e n ts
35c e n t s
50 c e n t s
50 c e n t s
25 c e n ts
35c e n t s
35 c e n ts
30c e n t s
35c e n t s
60 c e n t s
35c e n t s
50 c e n t s
40 c e n t s
50 c e n ts

1685-51,
1685-45,
1685-41,
1660-73,
1660-58,
1685-25,
1685-4,
1660-79,
1660-67,
1685-31,
1685-39,
1685-37,
1685-16,
1660-82,
1685-1,

30 c e n t s
40 c e n t s
35c e n t s
35 c e n ts
35 c e n ts
35c e n t s
35c e n t s
30 c e n ts
35 c e n t s
40 c e n t s
35c e n t s
35c e n t s
45 c e n t s
35c e n t s
35c e n t s

1660-64,
1685-27,
1660-50,
1685-2,
1685-30,
1685-29,
1685-40,
1660-74,
1685-44,

45 ce n ts
30c e n t s
35c e n ts
35c e n t s
30 c e n t s
40 c e n t s
30c e n t s
50 c e n t s
40 c e n t s

Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.




Area

Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich., June 1970 1______
Newark and Jersey City, N.J., Jan. 1971_____________
New Haven, Conn., Jan. 1971__________________________
New Orleans, La., Jan. 1971 1________________________
New York, N.Y., Apr. 19701__________________________
Norfolk—Portsmouth and Newport News—
Hampton, Va., Jan. 1971 1 __________________________
Oklahoma City, Okla., July 1970______________________
Omaha, Nebr.-Iowa, Sept. 1970 1 _____________________
Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J., June 1970*_________
Philadelphia, Pa.—N.J., Nov. 1970____________________
Phoenix, Ariz., Mar. 1970 1__________________________
Pittsburgh, Pa., Jan. 1971*__________________________
Portland, Maine, Nov. 1970___________________________
Portland, Oreg.—Wash., May 1970 1__________________
Providence—Pawtucket—Warwick, R.I.—Mass.,
May 1970_____________________________________________
Raleigh, N.C., Aug. 1970 1____________________________
Richmond, Va., Mar. 19701__________________________
Rochester, N.Y. (office occupations only),
Aug. 1970_____________________________________________
Rockford, 111., May 1970 1 ____________________________
St. Louis, Mo.—111., Mar. 1970______________ _________
Salt Lake City, Utah, Nov. 19701-------------------------------San Antonio, Tex., May 1970__________________________
San Bernardino—River side—Ontario, Calif.,
Dec. 19701___________________________________________
San Diego, Calif., Nov. 1970__________________________
San Francisco—Oakland, Calif., Oct. 1970------------------San Jose, Calif., Aug. 1970----------------------------------------Savannah, Ga., May 1970 1____________________________
Scranton, Pa., July 1970 1-------------------------------------------Seattle—Everett, Wash., Jan. 1970-----------------------------Sioux Falls, S. Dak., Dec. 1970 1 -------------------------------South Bend, Ind., Mar. 1970 1-------------------------------------Spokane, Wash., June 1970 1 --------------------------------------Syracuse, N.Y., July 1970____________________________
Tampa—St. Petersburg, Fla., Nov. 1970---------------------Toledo, Ohio-Mich., Feb. 1970----------------------------------Trenton, N.J., Sept. 1970 1 ___________________________
Utica-Rome, N.Y., July 1970_________________________
Washington, D.C.-Md.—Va., Sept. 1969 1--------------------Waterbury, Conn., Mar. 1970 1_______________________
Waterloo, Iowa, Nov. 1970*__________________________
Wichita, Kans., Apr. 1970 1 ---------------------------------------Worcester, Mass., May 1970 1 ----------------------------------York, Pa., Feb. 1971__________________________________
Youngstown—Warren, Ohio, Nov. 1970-------------------------

B u lle tin n u m b e r
and p r i c e

1660-85,
1685-47,
1685-35,
1685-36,
1660-89,

35 cents
40 cents
30 cents
40 cents
75cents

1685-46,
1685-5,
1685-14,
1660-87,
1685-34,
1660-70,
1685-49,
1685-19,
1660-77,

35 cents
30 cents
35 cents
45cents
50cents
35cents
50cents
30cents
40cents

1660-72,
1685-12,
1660-65,

30cents
35cents
40cents

1685-7,
1660-75,
1660-66,
1685-26,
1660-71,

30cents
35cents
40cents
35cents
30cents

1685-42,
1685-20,
1685-23,
1685-13,
1660-80,
1685-3,
1660-52,
1685-38,
1660-62,
1660-86,
1685-8,
1685-17,
1660-56,
1685- 15,
1685-9,
1660-19,
1660-54,
1685-32,
1660-69,
1660-78,
1685-50,
1685-24,

40cents
30cents
40cents
30cents
35cents
35cents
30cents
35cents
35cents
35cents
30cents
30cents
30cents
35cents
30cents
50cents
35cents
35cents
35cents
35cents
30cents
30cents

U.S. DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
W A SHING TO N, D.C.

20212

O F F IC IA L BUSINESS
P E N A L T Y FO R P R IV A T E USE, $ 3 0 0




POSTAGE A N D FEES PAID

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
FIRST CLASS MAIL