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1 IUSKEGON Muskegon \ * Mu s ke g q n H e i g h t s AREA WAGE SURVEY T h e M u s k e g o n — M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M e t r o p o l i t a n U. S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R A r e a , M i c h i g a n , J u n e 1 9 7 0 B u lle tin 1 6 6 0 -8 5 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T I S T I C S R E G I O N A L O F F I C E S New York, N.Y. 10001 Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212) 1317 Filbert St. Philadelphia, Pa. 19107 Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215) 1371 Peachtree St. NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404) Region V Region VI 219 South Dearborn St. 337 Mayflower Building Chicago, III. 60604 411 North Akard St. Phone: 353-7230 (Area Code 312) Dallas, Tex. 75201 Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214) * Regions VII and VIII will be serviced by Kansas City. ** Regions IX and X will be serviced by San Francisco. Regions VII and VIII Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 10th Floor Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) Regions IX and X 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415) Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617) U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R J. D. Hodgson, Secretary BU REA U OF LABO R STA TISTIC S Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner AREA WAGE SURVEY The M u skegon—M uskegon H e i g h t s , M ic h ig a n , M e tr o p o lit a n A r e a , J u n e 1 9 7 0 B u lle tin 1 6 6 0 -8 5 Septem ber 1970 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 — Price 35 cents C o n te n ts P re fa c e Page T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s p r o g r a m of annual o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s is d e s ig n e d to p r o v i d e d ata on o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n in g s , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s . It y ie ld s d e ta ile d data b y s e le c t e d in d u s try d iv is io n fo r e a ch o f the a r e a s s t u d ie d , f o r g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s , and f o r the U nited S ta tes. A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the p r o g r a m is t h e n e e d f o r g r e a t e r i n s i g h t i n t o (1) t h e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y o c c u p a t i o n a l c a t e g o r y a n d s k i l l l e v e l , a n d (2) t h e s t r u c tu re and l e v e l o f w a g e s a m o n g a r e a s and in d u s tr y d iv i s io n s . I n t r o d u c t i o n __________________________________________________________________________ W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s --------------------------------------------T ables: 1. 2. A t the end o f e a c h s u r v e y , an in d iv id u a l a r e a b u l le tin p r e s e n t s s u r v e y r e s u lt s f o r e a c h a r e a stu d ie d . A ft e r c o m p l e t i o n o f a ll o f the in d iv id u a l a r e a b u lle t in s f o r a ro u n d o f su r v e y s , two s u m m a r y bu lletin s a re is s u e d . T he fir s t b r i n g s d ata f o r e a c h o f the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s s t u d ie d in to one b u lletin . T he se c o n d p re s e n ts in fo rm a tio n w h ich has b e e n p r o j e c t e d f r o m i n d iv id u a l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a d ata to r e l a t e to g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s and the U n ite d S ta te s . A. N in e ty a r e a s c u r r e n t l y a r e in c lu d e d in the p r o g r a m . In e a c h a r e a , i n f o r m a t i o n o n o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s is c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly and on e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and su p p le m e n ta ry w age p r o v is io n s b ien n ially. B. T h i s b u l l e t i n p r e s e n t s r e s u l t s o f t h e s u r v e y in M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h . , i n J u n e 1 9 7 0 . The S ta n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a , as d e fin e d b y the B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t t h r o u g h J a n u a r y 1968, c o n s i s t s o f M u sk e g o n C oun ty. T h is study w a s c o n d u c t e d b y the B u r e a u ' s r e g i o n a l o f f i c e i n C h i c a g o , 111., u n d e r t h e g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n o f W o o d r o w C . L in n , A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r for O p era tion s. 1 5 E s t a b l i s h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s u r v e y and n u m b e r s tu d ie d __________________________________________________________ I n d e x e s o f s t a n d a r d w e e k l y s a l a r i e s and s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , and p e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s __________________________ O ccu pational ea rn ings: A -l. O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n and w o m e n __________________________ A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n and w o m e n ____________________________________________________________ A -3. O f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s — m e n and w o m e n c o m b i n e d ____________________________________ A -4. M a i n t e n a n c e and p o w e r p l a n t o c c u p a t i o n s ___________________ A -5. C u s t o d i a l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ____________ E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s : B -l. M in im u m en tran ce s a la rie s fo r w o m e n o ffice w o r k e r s __________________________________________________________ B -2. Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s _______________________________________________ B -3. S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s ________________________________________ B -4. P a i d h o l i d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------B -5. P a i d v a c a t i o n s ___________________________________________________ B -6. H e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s _______________________ B -7. M e t h o d o f w a g e d e t e r m i n a t i o n and f r e q u e n c y o f p a y m e n t __________________________________________________________ A ppendix. O c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s --------------------------------------------------------------- areas. NOTE: S im ila r ta b u la tion s (S ee in s id e b a c k c o v e r . ) are availa ble for other 4 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 20 21 22 In tro d u c tio n T h is a r e a is 1 o f 90 in w h ic h the U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u re a u of L a b o r S ta tistics con d u cts s u rv e y s of o ccu p a tio n a l earnin gs a n d r e l a t e d b e n e f i t s on an a r e a w i d e b a s i s . 1 In t h is a r e a , d a t a w e r e o b t a in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f ie ld e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e s e n t ative esta b lish m en ts w ithin six b ro a d in d u stry d iv is io n s : M anu fa c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilitie s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and serv ices. M a jo r in d u s try g ro u p s e x clu d e d f r o m th ese stu dies a re g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and the c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d b e c a u s e t h e y t e n d t o f u r n i s h i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in th e o ccu pa ti.on s stu d ied to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n . S ep a ra te tabu lation s a re p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv i s io n s w h ic h m e e t p u b l i cation c r it e r ia . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a r e sh ow n fo r fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i .e ., th ose h ire d to w o r k a re g u la r w e e k ly sch ed u le in th e g i v e n o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s data e x c lu d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and late sh ifts . N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a r e e x c l u d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a l l o w a n c e s and in c e n t iv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W here w eek ly hou rs a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k (r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf h ou r) f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th eir reg u la r stra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e of pay f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n ings f o r th e s e o c c u p a t io n s h ave b e e n r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r . The a v e r a g e s p resen ted r e fle c t c o m p o s ite , areaw id e e s t i m ates. I n d u s tr ie s and e s t a b lis h m e n ts d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l a n d j o b s t a ffin g an d, th u s , c o n t r i b u t e d i f f e r e n t l y to the e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h j o b . T he p a y r e l a t io n s h i p o b ta in a b le f r o m the a v e r a g e s m a y fa il to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y t h e w a g e s p r e a d o r d i f f e r e n t i a l m a i n t a i n e d a m o n g j o b s in in d iv id u al e s t a b lis h m e n t s . S i m i l a r l y , d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in a n y o f the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s h o u ld n o t b e a s s u m e d t o r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y t r e a t m e n t o f t h e s e x e s w ith in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . O ther p o s s ib le fa c t o r s w h ich m ay c o n t r i b u t e t o d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y f o r m e n a n d w o m e n i n c l u d e : D iffer e n c e s in p r o g r e s s i o n w it h in e s t a b l i s h e d r a t e r a n g e s , s i n c e o n l y the a c t u a l r a t e s p a i d i n c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ; a n d d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c d u ties p e r f o r m e d , alth ou gh the w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f ie d a p p r o p r ia t e ly w ith in the s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l l y m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d t h a n t h o s e u s e d in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g <== t a b l i s h m e n t s i n t h e s p e c i f i c d u t i e s p e r f o r m e d . T h ese su rv ey s are con d u cted on a sam p le b a sis b e ca u se of the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y i n g a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . To o b t a i n o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f la r g e than of s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n ts is stu d ied . In c o m b i n i n g t h e d a t a , h o w e v e r , all e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv e n th e ir a p p ro p r ia te w eig h t. E s t i m a t e s b a s e d on the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e l a t i n g t o a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in t h e i n d u s t r y g r o u p i n g a n d a r e a , e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stud ied. O ccu p ation s and E a r n in g s The o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f m a n u fa c t u r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f the follo w in g typ es: (1) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l ; (3) m a i n t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p l a n t ; a n d (4) c u s t o d i a l a n d m a t e r i a l m o v e m ent. O c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n i f o r m s e t o f j o b d e s c r ip t io n s d e s ig n e d to take a c c o u n t of in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n in d u t ie s w it h in the s a m e j o b . The o c cu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a r e l i s t e d a n d d e s c r i b e d in t h e a p p e n d i x . The e a r n in g s data fo llo w in g the jo b t it le s a r e f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s c o m b i n e d . E a r n in g s data fo r s o m e o f the o c c u p a t i o n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w i t h i n o c c u p a t i o n s , a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in t h e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , b e c a u s e e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m e n t in t h e o c c u p a t i o n i s t o o s m a l l t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h d a t a t o m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r (2) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e of in d iv idu al e s t a b lis h m e n t data. O ccu p ation al em p loy m en t e stim a te s r e p r e se n t t h e t o t a l in a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h in the s c o p e o f the stu d y and not the n u m b e r actu ally su rv ey ed . B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , the e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b ta in e d f r o m the s a m p le of e s ta b lis h m e n ts stud ied s e r v e on ly to in d ica te the r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e of the j o b s s t u d ie d . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e d o not a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s data. E sta b lish m en t P ra ctices and S u p p le m e n t a r y I n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d (in the W age B -series P rov ision s ta b les) on selected 1 Included in the 90 areas are four studies conducted under contract with the New York State e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s as th e y Department of Labor. These areas are Binghamton (New York portion only); Rochester (office occu r e la t e to plant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , and pations only); Syracuse; and Utica—Rome. In addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s , and c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s w h o a r e u t i l i z e d in 7S areas at the request of the Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions of the U. S. De as a sep a ra te w o r k fo r c e a re ex clu d e d . " P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e partment ol Labor. 1 2 w orkin g f o r e m e n and all n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s (in clu din g le a d m e n a n d t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e f u n c t i o n s . "O ffice w o rk e rs" includ e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r f o r m in g c le r ic a l or related fu n ction s. C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s and r o u t e m e n a r e e x c l u d e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , b u t i n c l u d e d in n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g in d u stries. M in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s fo r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s (table B - l ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d . B e c a u s e o f the o p t i m u m s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e s u s e d , a n d t h e p r o b a b i l i t y th a t l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n ts a r e m o r e lik e ly to have f o r m a l en tra n ce ra te s fo r w o r k e r s a b o v e t h e s u b c l e r i c a l l e v e l t h a n s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , t h e t a b l e is m o r e - r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f p o l i c i e s in m e d i u m a n d l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . S h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l d a t a ( t a b l e B - Z) a r e l i m i t e d t o p l a n t w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d b o t h in t e r m s o f (1) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f t o t a l p l a n t w o r k e r e m p l o y m e n t , a n d (Z) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d i n t e r m s o f w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y e m p l o y e d o n th e s p e c i f i e d s h i f t at t h e t i m e o f th e survey. In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g v a r i e d d i f f e r e n t i a l s , th e a m o u n t a p p ly in g to a m a j o r i t y w a s u s e d o r , if no a m o u n t a p p lie d to a m a j o r i t y , the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o t h e r " w a s u s e d . In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in w h i c h s o m e l a t e - s h i f t h o u r s a r e p a id at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d i f f e r e n t i a l w a s r e c o r d e d o n l y i f it a p p l i e d t o a m a j o r i t y o f t h e s h i f t h o u r s . T h e s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s ( t a b l e B - 3 ) o f a m a j o r i t y o f the f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s in a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t a r e t a b u l a t e d a s a p p l y i n g t o all o f the plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f that e s t a b l i s h m e n t . S cheduled w e e k l y h o u r s a r e t h o s e w h ic h f u l l - t i m e e m p l o y e e s w e r e e x p e c t e d to w o r k , w h e t h e r t h e y w e r e p a i d f o r at s t r a i g h t - t i m e o r o v e r t i m e r a t e s . P a id h o lid a y s ; pa id v a c a t i o n s ; h e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n plan s; and f r e q u e n c y o f w a g e p a y m e n t (ta b les B -4 through B -7 ) a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y on th e b a s i s that t h e s e a r e a p p l i c a b l e t o all plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s if a m a j o r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e l i g i b l e o r m a y e v e n t u a lly q u a lify fo r the p r a c t i c e s lis t e d . S u m s of in d iv idu al i t e m s i n t a b l e s B - Z t h r o u g h B - 7 m a y n ot e q u a l t o t a l s b e c a u s e o f rou n din g. D ata on p aid h o lid a y s (ta b le B - 4 ) a r e l i m it e d to d ata on h o l i d a y s g r a n t e d a n n u a l l y o n a f o r m a l b a s i s ; i . e . , (1) a r e p r o v i d e d f o r in w r i t t e n f o r m , o r (Z) h a v e b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d b y c u s t o m . H olidays o r d i n a r i l y g ra n te d a re in clu d e d e v e n though th ey m a y fa ll on a n o n w o r k d a y an d the w o r k e r is not g r a n t e d a n o t h e r d a y o f f . The first p a r t o f the p a id h o lid a y s t a b le p r e s e n t s the n u m b e r o f w h o le and h a lf h olid ay s actu ally granted. T h e s e c o n d p a r t c o m b i n e s w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s to show total h o lid a y t i m e . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t i o n p la n s (ta b le B - 5 ) is l i m i t e d to a statistical m e a su r e of v acation p r o v is io n s . It i s n o t i n t e n d e d a s a m e a s u r e o f the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s a c t u a lly r e c e i v i n g s p e c i f i c b e n e fits. P r o v i s i o n s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t fo r all len g th s o f s e r v i c e w e r e t a b u la te d a s a p p ly in g to all p lant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f the e s t a b l i s h m e n t , r e g a r d l e s s o f len g th o f s e r v i c e . P r o v i s i o n s f o r p a y m e n t on o t h e r than a t im e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , a p a y m e n t o f Z p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s the e q u i v alent o f 1 w e e k 's p a y . E s t i m a t e s e x c l u d e v a c a t i o n - s a v i n g s p l a n s an d th ose w h ich o ffe r "e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t ic a l" b e n e fits beyon d b a s ic p lan s to w o r k e r s w ith q u a lify in g len g th s o f s e r v i c e . T y p ic a l of such e x c l u s i o n s a r e p l a n s in t h e s t e e l , a lu m in u m , and ca n in d u s t r ie s . Data on h e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p la n s (t a b le B - 6 ) i n c l u d e t h o s e p l a n s f o r w h i c h t h e e m p l o y e r p a y s at l e a s t a p a r t o f t h e c o s t . Such p lans in clu d e th o s e u n d e r w r it te n by a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y and t h o s e p r o v i d e d t h r o u g h a u n io n fund o r p a id d i r e c t l y by the e m p l o y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t i n g fu n d s o r f r o m a fund se t a s i d e f o r this p u r p o s e . A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d to h a v e a p lan if the m a j o r i t y o f e m p l o y e e s w a s e l i g i b l e t o b e c o v e r e d u n d e r the p la n , e v e n if l e s s than a m a j o r i t y e l e c t e d to p a r t i c i p a t e b e c a u s e e m p lo y e e s w e r e r e q u i r e d to c o n t r ib u t e t o w a r d the c o s t o f the p la n . Le g a lly r e q u i r e d p la n s , su ch as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t w e r e e x c l u d e d . S i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e is l i m i t e d to that ty p e o f in s u r a n c e u n der w h ich p r e d e t e r m in e d ca sh p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d ir e c t ly to the i n s u r e d d u r in g i l l n e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y . I n f o r m a t i o n is p r e s e n t e d f o r all su ch p la n s to w h ic h the e m p l o y e r c o n t r ib u t e s . H ow e v e r , in N e w Y o r k a n d N e w J e r s e y , w h i c h h a v e e n a c t e d t e m p o r a r y d is a b i l i t y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ic h r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , 3 p lans a r e i n c l u d e d o n l y if t h e e m p l o y e r (1) c o n t r i b u t e s m o r e t h a n i s l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d , o r (Z) p r o v i d e s t h e e m p l o y e e w i t h b e n e f i t s w h i c h e x c e e d th e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f th e l a w . T a b u la tio n s of p aid s ic k le a v e p lans are l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p la n s 4 w h ic h p r o v i d e fu ll p a y o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f the w o r k e r 's pay d u rin g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e of illn e s s . S eparate t a b u l a t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t e d a c c o r d i n g t o (1) p l a n s w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y a n d no w a i t i n g p e r i o d , a n d (Z) p l a n s w h i c h p r o v i d e e i t h e r p a r t i a l p a y o r a w aitin g p e r io d . In a d d i t i o n t o t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s w h o a r e p r o v i d e d s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r p aid s ic k l e a v e , an u n d u p lic a t e d t o ta l is s h o w n o f w o r k e r s w h o r e c e i v e eith er o r both types of b e n e fits. 2 An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conThe temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer ditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering contributions. late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1) had operated late An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the shifts during the 12 months prior to the survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating minimum number of days of sick leave available to each employee. Such a plan need not be late shifts. written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded. 3 M a jo r m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e i n c lu d e s t h o s e plans w h ic h a r e d e s i g n e d to p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s and i n j u r y i n v o l v i n g e x p e n s e s b e y o n d t h e c o v e r a g e o f b a s i c h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , m e d i c a l , an d s u r g ic a l p lan s. M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v i d i n g f o r c o m plete o r p a rtia l p ay m en t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s . Such plans m a y be u n d e r w ritten by c o m m e r c i a l in s u ra n ce c o m p a n ie s o r n on p rofit o rg a n iz a tio n s o r th e y m a y b e p a id f o r b y the e m p l o y e r out o f a fu nd s e t a s i d e f o r this p u r p o s e . T a b u la t io n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e l i m it e d to t h o s e p la n s that p r o v i d e r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the w o r k e r 's life. M e th o d of w a g e d e t e r m in a t io n (table B -7 ) r e la t e s to b a s ic ty p e s of rate s tru c tu re fo r w o r k e r s p aid u n der v a r io u s t im e and in cen tive s y s t e m s . U n d e r a s in g le r a t e s t r u c t u r e the s a m e ra te is p a id t o a l l e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s in t h e s a m e j o b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . A n i n d i v i d ual w o r k e r o c c a s i o n a l l y m a y be paid a b o v e o r b e l o w the s in g le ra te f o r s p e c i a l r e a s o n s , but s u c h p a y m e n t s a r e e x c e p t i o n s . A ra n ge-ofr a t e s p la n s p e c i f i e s the m i n i m u m a n d / o r m a x i m u m r a te p a id e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r the s a m e j o b . I n f o r m a t i o n a l s o is p r o v i d e d o n the m e t h o d o f p r o g r e s s i o n t h r o u g h the r a n g e . In th e a b s e n c e o f a f o r m a l ra te s t r u c t u r e , the q u a lific a t io n s o f the in d iv id u a l w o r k e r d e t e r m in e the p a y r a t e . I n f o r m a t i o n on t y p e s of in c e n t i v e p la n s is p r o v i d e d o n ly fo r p lant w o r k e r s b e c a u s e o f the lo w i n c id e n c e o f s u c h p la n s f o r o f f i c e w orkers. U n d e r a p i e c e w o r k s y s t e m , a p r e d e t e r m i n e d r a t e is p aid f o r e a c h u n it o f o u t p u t . P ro d u c tio n b o n u se s a re b a s e d on p ro d u ctio n o v e r a q u o ta o r c o m p l e t i o n o f a j o b in l e s s th a n s t a n d a r d t i m e . Com p e n sa tio n on a c o m m is s io n b a s is r e p r e s e n ts p a y m en ts b a s e d on a p e r c e n t a g e of v a lu e of s a l e s , o r on a c o m b in a t io n o f a stated s a la r y plus a p e r c e n t a g e . table Data B -7 . on fre q u e n cy of wage paym ent a lso are p rov id ed in 4 Table 1. Establishm ents and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ich.,1 by major industry division,2 June 1970 N u m ber of establishm ents Industry d iv ision M in im u m em ployment in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f st u d y W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s W i t h in s c o p e o f st u d y W i t h in s c o p e o f st u d y 3 St udied T otal4 S t ud ie d P la n t Number Percent O ffice T otal4 A l l d i v i s i o n s ______________________________________ - 97 55 29,221 100 20,393 3.448 23. 083 M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 5 _______________________ W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________________________________ R e t a i l t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------ ---F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e _________ S e r v i c e s ----------------------------------------------------------------- 50 - 51 46 30 25 24,368 4,853 83 17 17.841 2, 552 2. 298 1 . 1 50 19.440 3 ,6 4 3 50 50 50 50 50 9 6 23 4 4 9 3 8 3 2 1 ,9 2 9 538 1, 708 518 160 7 2 5 2 1 877 ( 6) ( 6) (7 ) (6 ) 441 (6) (6 ) (6) ( 6) 1.929 313 94 8 373 80 T h e M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , a s d e f i n e d b y the B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t t h r o u g h J a n u a r y 1 96 8, c o n s i s t s o f M u s k e g o n C o u n t y . The "w o r k e r s w it h i n s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h is t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f the s i z e an d c o m p o s i t i o n o f the l a b o r f o r c e i n c l u d e d in the s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e not in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w ith o t h e r e m p l o y m e n t i n d e x e s f o r the a r e a to m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1) p l a n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s the u se o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t dat a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f the p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d , an d (2) s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1967 e d i t i o n o f the S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . 3 I n c l u d e s a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m i n i m u m l i m i t a t i o n . A l l o u t l e t s (w ith in the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in s u c h i n d u s t r i e s a s t r a d e , f i n a n c e , a ut o r e p a i r s e r v i c e , an d m o t i o n p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d as 1 e s t a b l i s h m e n t . I n c l u d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a nd o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c l u d e d f r o m the s e p a r a t e pl a nt and o f f i c e c a t e g o r i e s . 5 T a x i c a b s and s e r v i c e s i n c i d e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w e r e e x c l u d e d . 6 T h i s i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " and " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ” in the S e r i e s A t a b l e s , and f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " in the S e r i e s B t a b l e s . S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f dat a f o r t h is d i v i s i o n is no t m a d e f o r o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p l o y m e n t in the d i v i s i o n i s t o o s m a l l to p r o v i d e e n o u g h da ta to m e r i t s e p a r a t e s t u d y , (2) the s a m p l e w a s not d e s i g n e d i n i t i a l l y to p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , (3) r e s p o n s e w a s i n s u f f i c i e n t o r i n a d e q u a t e to p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , and (4) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t dat a. 7 W o r k e r s f r o m t h is e n t i r e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n a r e r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a nd " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " in the S e r i e s A t a b l e s , but f r o m the r e a l e s t a t e p o r t i o n o n l y in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " in the S e r i e s B t a b l e s . S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f da t a f o r th is d i v i s i o n is not m a d e f o r o n e o r m o r e o f the r e a s o n s g i v e n in f o o t n o t e 6 a b o v e . 8 H o t e l s and m o t e l s ; l a u n d r i e s and o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r , r e n t a l , and p a r k i n g ; m o t i o n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ( e x c l u d i n g r e l i g i o u s and c h a r i t a b l e o r g a n i z a t i o n s ) ; and e n g i n e e r i n g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . O v e r f o u r - f i f t h s o f the w o r k e r s w it h i n s c o p e o f the s u r v e y in th e M u s k e g o r r - M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s a r e a w e r e e m p l o y e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g f i r m s . T h e f o l l o w i n g p r e s e n t s the m a j o r i n d u s t r y g r o u p s an d s p e c i f i c i n d u s t r i e s a s a p e r c e n t o f a ll m a n u f a c t u r i n g ; Industry grou p s M a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l __ 40 P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s _______ 29 F u r n i t u r e and f i x t u r e s ___________ 6 M isc e lla n e o u s m anufacturing i n d u s t r i e s ------------------------------------- 5 P a p e r an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ---------- 5 S p e c ific in dustries I r o n and s t e e l f o u n d r i e s __________ 27 E n g i n e s and t u r b i n e s ______________ 17 M iscellan eou s m a ch in ery, e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ------------------------ 1 1 C o n s t r u c t i o n and r e l a t e d m a c h i n e r y ________________________ 5 O f f i c e f u r n i t u r e ------------------------------ 5 T o y s and s p o r t i n g g o o d s ________ 5 T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is b a s e d on e s t i m a t e s o f t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t d e r i v e d f r o m u n i v e r s e m a t e r i a l s c o m p i l e d p r i o r to a c t u a l s u r v e y . P r o p o r t i o n s in v a r i o u s i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s m a y d i f f e r f r o m p r o p o r t i o n s b a s e d on the r e s u l t s o f the s u r v e y a s s h o w n in t a b l e 1 a b o v e . W age T re n d s for S e le c te d O ccupational G ro u p s P r e s e n t e d i n t a b l e Z a r e i n d e x e s an d p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , an d i n a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f s e l e c t e d p l a n t w o r k e r g r o u p s . The in d e x e s a r e a m e a s u r e o f w a g e s at a g i v e n t i m e , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t o f w a g e s d u r in g the b a s e p e r i o d . S u b t r a c t i n g 10 0 f r o m t h e i n d e x y i e l d s the p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e in w a g e s f r o m the b a s e p e r i o d to the date o f the in dex. T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e o r i n c r e a s e r e la t e to w a g e c h a n g e s b e t w e e n the i n d i c a t e d d a t e s . T h ese e stim a tes are m e a s u r e s of change in a v e r a g e s f o r the a r e a ; th e y a r e not in t e n d e d to m e a s u r e a v e r a g e pay c h a n g e s in the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the a r e a . F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s an d i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , the w a g e t r e n d s r e l a t e to r e g u l a r w e e k l y s a l a r i e s f o r the n o r m a l w o r k w e e k , e x c lu s iv e of earn in g s fo r o v e r tim e . F o r plant w o r k e r g r o u p s , th ey m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , e x c lu d in g p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and late s h ifts . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s a r e b a s e d on data f o r s e l e c t e d key o c c u p a t io n s an d i n c l u d e m o s t o f the n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t j o b s w it h in each group. L im itation s of Data M ethod o f C o m p u tin g The in d ex es and percentages of change, as m e a s u re s of c h a n g e in a r e a a v e r a g e s , a r e i n f l u e n c e d by: (1) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and w a g e c h a n g e s , ( Z) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s i n p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i v i d u a l w o r k e r s w h i l e in t h e s a m e j o b , a n d (3 ) c h a n g e s i n a v e r a g e w a g e s due to c h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e r e s u l t i n g f r o m l a b o r t u r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s i o n s , f o r c e r e d u c t i o n s , a n d c h a n g e s in t h e p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d by e s t a b l i s h m e n t s with d iffe r e n t pay l e v e l s . C h a n g e s i n t h e l a b o r f o r c e c a n c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s i n the o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout a c tu a l w a g e c h a n g e s . It i s c o n c e i v a b l e that e v e n t h o u g h a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in a n a r e a g a v e w a g e i n c r e a s e s , a v e r a g e w ages m a y have d eclin ed b e c a u se lo w e r -p a y in g esta b lish m en ts e n t e r e d the a r e a o r e x p a n d e d t h e ir w o r k f o r c e s . S im ila rly , w ages m a y h a v e r e m a in e d r e l a t iv e l y c o n s t a n t, y e t the a v e r a g e s f o r an a r e a m ay have r is e n c o n s id e r a b ly b e c a u s e h ig h e r-p a y in g e sta b lish m en ts e n t e r e d the a r e a . E a c h o f the s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t i o n s w it h in an o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p w as a s s ig n e d a c o n sta n t w eig h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r t io n a t e e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p . The a v e ra g e (m ean ) ea rn in g s fo r e a c h o c c u p a t i o n w e r e m u l t i p l i e d b y t h e o c c u p a t i o n a l w e i g h t , an d the p r o d u c t s f o r a ll o c c u p a t i o n s in t h e g r o u p w e r e t o t a l e d . The aggregates f o r Z c o n s e c u t i v e y e a r s w e r e r e la t e d b y d iv id in g the a g g r e g a t e fo r the l a t e r y e a r b y the a g g r e g a t e f o r the e a r l i e r y e a r . The resu ltan t r e l a t i v e , l e s s 100 p e r c e n t , s h o w s t h e p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e . The index i s t h e p r o d u c t o f m u l t i p l y i n g t h e b a s e y e a r r e l a t i v e (1 00) b y t h e r e l a t i v e f o r th e n e x t s u c c e e d i n g y e a r a n d c o n t i n u i n g t o m u l t i p l y ( c o m p o u n d ) e a c h y e a r 's r e la t iv e b y the p r e v i o u s y e a r 's in d e x . A v e r a g e earn in gs f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e u s e d i n c o m p u t i n g th e w a g e t r e n d s : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ( m e n and w o m e n ) : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ( m e n and w o m e n ) — S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e (m e n ) : Bookkeeping-machine Con ti nu ed Carpenters operators, class B S ecr et ar ies El ectricians Cl erks, a c c o u n t i n g , classes Stenographers, gen era l Machinists A and B S te nographer s, seni or M e c h a n ic s Cl ei ks , f i l e , classes S w it c h b o a rd ope rators, classes M e c h a n ic s (a u t o m o t i v e ) A , B, and C A and B Painters Cl erks, order T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e operators, Pipefitters Cl erks, pay roll class B T o o l and die makers C o m p t o m e t e r operators Typists, classes A and B K ey p un ch operators, classes Unski lle d pla nt (m e n ) : A and B Industrial nurses ( m e n and w o m e n ) : Janitors, porters, and cle; O f f i c e boys and girls Nurses, industrial (regi ste red ) T h e u s e o f c o n s t a n t e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h t s e l i m i n a t e s the e f f e c t o f c h a n g e s i n t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h j o b i n c l u d e d in t h e d a t a . The p e r c e n ta g e s of ch a n g e r e fle c t on ly ch a n g es in a v e r a g e p a y f o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r s . T h e y a r e not i n f l u e n c e d by c h a n g e s in s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s , a s s u c h , o r b y p r e m i u m p a y for ov ertim e. W h e r e n e c e s s a r y , data w e r e a d ju s t e d to r e m o v e f r o m the i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e a n y s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t c a u s e d b y c h a n g e s in th e s c o p e o f t h e s u r v e y . Laborers, m a te r ia l ha ndli 5 6 Table 2. Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in M uskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich., June 1970 and May 1969, and percents of increase for selected periods All in d u str ies Pe riod O ffice clerical ( m e n and women) Industrial nurses ( m e n and women) Skilled m aintenance trade s (men) M anufacturing U n skilled pl a nt w orkers (men) O ffice clerical ( m e n and women) Industrial nu r s e s ( m e n and women) Skilled m aintenance trades (m en) U n skilled pl a n t w orkers (m en) In dex es (M a y 1967*100) Ju ne 1 9 7 0 - -------------------- -----------------------------------------------M a y 1969 ----------------------------------- --------------------------------- 121.8 114 .2 131.1 117.6 123 .3 119.0 12 1.4 1 14.9 113.9 1 14.6 1 31 .1 117 .6 1 23 .2 115.1 1 21 .0 1 15 .3 1 68 .2 128 .3 1 46 .3 1 18 .7 1 48 .2 122 .4 11.5 5.7 11.3 13.3 2 .6 1.6 1.1 3.3 4.0 1.8 7 .0 6 .3 8 .3 4.6 2.9 2 .0 1.9 2.6 3.4 2.7 4 .9 8.2 6 .6 I n d e x e s ( M a y 1 9 6 1= 1 00 ) J une 1970 --------------------------- ----------------------- _ -------------M a y 1 9 6 7 ________________________________________________ 148 .0 121.6 168 .2 12 8 .3 146 .7 119 .0 145 .6 122 .4 1 44 . 4 119 .0 P ercen ts of in crea se May May May May May May May May May May 1969 196 8 1967 196 6 1965 196 4 196 3 196 2 1961 196 0 to to to to to to to to to to Ju ne May May May May May May May May May 1 9 7 0 --------- -------------------------------------1 9 6 9 ________________________________ 1 9 6 8 - --------------- ----------------------------l9 6 7_ _ _ ___ ------------- --------------1 9 6 6 ------------------ ----------- ------- -1 9 6 5 - ------ - -----------------------1 9 6 4 _ _ _ ----------------------- --------196 3 --------------------- -------------1962 ----- -------------------------------------1 9 6 1 ______________________________- 6.6 8.7 5.1 4.1 3.1 2.1 3 .3 3.0 4 .3 3.9 1 1.5 5.7 11.3 13.3 2.6 1.6 1.1 3.3 4 .0 1.8 7 .3 6.1 8.3 4 .6 2.7 2.1 2.3 2. 6 3.4 2.7 4 .4 7.7 5.8 5.4 3.2 3.1 .8 3.9 4 .2 2.7 5.9 9 .5 4.6 3.4 1.8 1.7 3.6 3.1 4 .1 4 .4 NOTE: P r e v i o u s l y p u b l i s h e d i n d e x e s f o r the M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s a r e a u s e d M a y 1961 as the b a s e p e r i o d . T h e y c a n b e c o n v e r t e d t o the n e w b a s e p e r i o d b y d i v i d i n g t h e m b y the c o r r e s p o n d i n g i n d e x n u m b e r s f o r M a y 1967 on the M a y 1961 b a s e p e r i o d a s s h o w n in the t a b l e . (T h e r e s u lt should be m u l t i p l i e d b y 100.) 4 .2 3 .7 3. 3 .5 4 .3 4.6 2.1 7 A. Occupational earnings T a b l e A -1 . (A v e ra g e O f f ic e o c c u p a tio n s — m en and w o m e n s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s f o r s e le c te d o c cu p a tio n s s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is i o n , Weekly earning^^^ N um ber o f w ork ers (standard) Sex, o c cu p a tio n , an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of woriters Average weekly hour*1 ( standard) s Median 2 Middle range 2 $ s 65 Mean2 M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , 70 $ $ 75 80 $ 85 $ * 90 95 r e c e iv in g S 100 1970) s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f— $ 105 M ic h . , Ju n e 110 % S 115 120 $ % 125 135 $ * $ » 130 140 150 and under 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 115 n o 120 125 130 135 140 150 4 3 3 3 - i 160 S i » 160 170 180 190 — — — and 170 180 190 over 4 4 2 2 5 5 HEN 23 22 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ $ 1 5 3 . 5 0 1 5 0 .0 0 1 5 4 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 $ $ 1 3 6 .0 0 -1 7 5 .0 0 1 3 4 .0 0 -1 7 6 .0 0 31 O o 4* CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 1 1 0 .0 0 1 0 2 .5 0 -1 2 2 .5 0 - - 21 1 1 4 - 4 2 2 1 - - - - - 8 6 4 4 i 5 4 4 7 22 8 2 3 14 i 4 10 i - - 5 5 i - - 1 1 - 4 - WOMEN BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B -------------------------------------------- — 1 0 4 .5 0 - - - - - 17 4 0 .0 9 7 .5 0 9 9 .5 0 9 5 .5 0 -1 0 4 .0 0 - - - 3 - 2 7 6 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING: PUBLIC UTILITIES3----------------------- 68 42 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 29 ^ 0 0 1 2 4 .0 0 1 3 2 .0 0 1 2 2 .5 0 1 1 9 .0 0 -1 3 8 .5 0 1 1 6 .5 0 -1 3 6 .5 0 - _ - - - - _ - - 2 2 25 4 0 .0 13’ i . 50 1 3 7 .5 0 1 3 5 .0 0 -1 4 0 .0 0 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------- 85 59 26 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 0 3 .5 0 1 0 2 .0 0 1 0 6 .5 0 1 0 1 .5 0 9 9 .5 0 1 0 4 .0 0 9 2 .0 0 -1 1 5 .5 0 9 0 .0 0 -1 1 0 .0 0 9 6 .0 0 -1 2 1 .0 0 - 10 12 10 CLERKS, PAYROLL ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 48 40 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 1 0 .5 0 1 1 0 .5 0 1 0 9 .5 0 1 0 9 .0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 2 2 .5 0 1 0 0 .0 0 -1 2 3 .0 0 - KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A -----------MANUFACTURING-------------------------------- 60 57 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 1 6 .0 0 1 1 4 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 0 4 .0 0 -1 3 5 .0 0 1 0 6 .0 0 -1 3 5 .5 0 _ KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------- 70 44 26 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 3 .0 0 9 5 .0 0 9 0 .5 0 9 4 .0 0 9 4 .5 0 9 2 .5 0 8 3 .5 0 -1 0 2 .5 0 8 5 .0 0 - 1 0 4 .0 0 8 2 .5 0 - 9 9 .5 0 SECRETARIES4-----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------- 203 167 36 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 2 8 .5 0 1 3 6 .0 0 1 2 7 .5 0 1 2 5 .5 0 1 4 2 .5 0 1 1 6 .0 0 -1 4 3 .5 0 1 1 6 .0 0 -1 4 1 .5 0 1 2 3 .0 0 -1 4 9 .5 0 SECRETARIES, CLASS A --------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 24 20 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 4 7 .0 0 1 4 9 .0 0 1 5 2 .0 0 1 5 3 .0 0 1 2 5 .5 0 -1 6 4 .5 0 1 2 5 .5 0 -1 6 4 .5 0 - SECRETARIES, CLASS B --------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 43 30 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 3 1 .5 0 1 3 5 .5 0 1 3 2 .0 0 1 3 4 .5 0 1 2 2 .5 0 -1 4 2 .0 0 1 2 7 .0 0 -1 4 4 .0 0 - SECRETARIES, CLASS C --------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 65 47 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 3 7 .0 0 1 3 3 .5 0 1 4 1 .0 0 1 3 4 .0 0 1 2 6 .0 0 -1 4 8 .0 0 1 2 1 .5 0 -1 4 4 .0 0 _ SECRETARIES, CLASS D --------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 71 70 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 1 6 .5 0 1 1 6 .0 0 1 1 8 .5 0 1 1 8 .5 0 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 2 4 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 -1 2 4 .0 0 _ - - - STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL --------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 93 60 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 0 3 .5 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 0 2 .5 0 1 0 3 .0 0 9 2 .5 0 -1 1 3 .5 0 9 2 .5 0 -1 1 6 .0 0 - - STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ----------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 43 41 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 1 1 .0 0 1 1 1 .0 0 1 1 1 .0 0 1 1 1 .0 0 1 0 5 .5 0 -1 1 9 .0 0 1 0 5 .5 0 -1 1 9 .0 0 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSHANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 43 35 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 8 .0 0 1 0 0 .5 0 9 6 .0 0 9 8 .0 0 8 7 .0 0 -1 0 5 .0 0 8 8 .0 0 -1 1 6 .0 0 See fo o tn o te s at end of t a b le . - - 4 14 - - 2 2 13 - - - - - 4 3 4 4 _ _ - - 7 9 4 3 3 6 _ _ 8 - - 7 5 5 1 1 5 3 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 - _ _ _ - - - _ - - “ _ - - - _ - “ _ i - _ 2 1 3 10 6 2 1 3 3 1 8 4 5 5 3 3 3 4 4 10 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i - i i ” 3 3 16 15 20 20 27 25 18 16 7 2 8 8 8 8 8 i 1 2 1 1 4 4 6 11 - i 5 1 _ 1 _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ _ - - - 2 1 - 2 2 4 4 _ - - 6 15 15 - - “ 21 19 7 3 4 37 26 - 2 2 2 4 4 _ 1 1 2 2 - - - i - 2 2 2 2 7 5 7 5 2 1 i i 7 7 4 3 3 9 9 3 3 10 10 10 10 6 6 5 5 1 1 - 12 8 6 5 - 9 - - 6 3 3 4 “ - i i 6 3 6 21 7 11 13 4 7 6 5 l 1 l 16 - - 4 7 - - 6 3 5 - - - 3 6 6 - - l ii - 1 1 - _ 1 10 7 10 7 2 2 6 i 6 2 4 4 13 1 - i 7 - i 5 4 17 5 7 - - _ - - - - 2 ~ 1 i 4 “ 4 i 3 3 n ii i i 4 3 12 8 3 3 5 5 7 _ 5 6 u n 8 6 7 i i 4 4 3 20 19 ~ 4 2 2 11 3 1 12 10 2 6 6 9 4 4 2 2 i i - 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 - - 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 - 9 9 25 16 6 3 6 3 4 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 - - - - - 8 T a b l e A -1 . O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s— m en and w o m e n ------C on tin u e d (Av erage straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich. , June 1970) Weekly earnings (standard) Number Sex, occupation, and industry division of (standard) $ * 65 Mean* Median2 $ 70 $ 75 $ 80 $ 85 Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 150 Middle range2 under 70 160 — 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 llO 115 120 125 130 135 140 150 160 170 170 180 190 — — and 180 190 over ,, NG ii O O 77 73 TY P IS TS , CLASS A MANUFACTURING , O O cuntinueo * ^ WOMEN - * Average weekly $ $ 109.00 110.50 110.00 112.00 on n mn ' 0* 0 nn *s 92* 50 *j-n 90*00 $ $ 9 8.0 0-1 2 1.0 0 9 9 .5 0-1 2 1.0 0 8 1 .0 0 - 97.50 13 12 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours. 2 The mean is computed for each job by totaling the earnings of all workers and dividing by the number of workers. The median designates position— half of the employees surveyed receive more than the rate shown; half receive less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by 2 rates of pay; a fourth of the workers earn less than the lower of these rates and a fourth earn more than the higher rate. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 May include workers other than those presented separately. 9 Ta b le A -2 . Professional and technical o c c u p a tio n s — men and w o m e n ( A v e r a g e st r a i g h t - t im e w ee kl y ho ur s and e a rni ngs f o r se l e ct e d o cc u pa t io n s studied on an a r e a b a s is b y in du str y d i v is io n, 1 Standard ho ur s r e f le c t the w o rk w e ek f o r which e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t he ir re g u l a r st r a i g h t - t im e to these wee kl y ho ur s. 2 F o r defin it ion o f t er m s , ee footno te 2, table A - l . Mu sk eg on—M us keg on Heights, M i c h . , June 1970) s a l a r i e s (e x c l u s i v e of pay f o r o v e r t i m e at re g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m rat es) , and the ea rn i n gs c o r r e s p o n d 10 Ta b le A -3 . O ffice , professional, and technical o c c u p a tio n s — m en and w o m e n c o m b in e d (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u str y d iv is io n , M u sk eg on —M u sk eg on H e ig h ts, M ic h ., June 1970) Av erage O cc up a tio n and in dustry d iv is io n Average O O >* BUOKKEEPING-MACHINE o p e r a t o r s , CLASS B ------------------------------------------------- $ 110.00 Number of O cc upa tio n and in dustry di v is i o n OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - O C C UPA TIO NS 8U0KKEEPING—MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS A ------------------------------------------------- ■f* o o OFFICE Weekly earnings * (standard (standard) Weekly SECRETARIES2 - Weekly hours 1 (standard) Weekly earnings 1 (standard) CONTINUED Number of O cc up a tio n and industry d i v is io n P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L OCCUPATIONS COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS B -----MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ SECRETARIES, CLASS A ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 24 20 40.0 40.0 $ 147.00 149.00 SECRETARIES, CLASS B ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 43 30 40.0 40.0 131.50 135.50 SECRETARIES, CLASS C ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 67 49 40.0 40.0 137.50 134.50 SECRETARIES, CLASS 0 ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 71 70 40.0 40.0 116.50 116.00 COMPUTER PROGRAMERS, BUSINESS, CLASS 8 -------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ COMPUTER OPERATORS, 97.50 — CLASS C ------ 4 0.0 4 0 .0 40.0 135.00 134.50 137.00 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------- 4 0.0 40.0 40.0 103.50 1OK. 5 0 106.50 CLERKS, PAYROLL ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 40.0 4 0.0 112.00 111.50 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 93 60 40.0 40.0 103.50 105.00 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS A -------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A -------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 40.0 4 0.0 115.00 116.00 STENOGRAPHERS, SENIUR --------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 43 41 40.0 40.0 111.00 111.00 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS B -------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ KEYPUNCH UPERATURS, CLASS 8 -------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NUNMANUFACTURING -------------------------- 40.0 40.0 4 0.0 93.00 95.00 90.50 SHITCHBUARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONI STSMANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 43 35 4 0 .0 40.0 98.00 100.50 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS C -------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ — — 81.00 77 73 40.0 40.0 110.00 NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED! MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ — 39.0 TYPISTS, CLASS A -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------- 109.00 OFFICE BOYS AND GIRLS-----------------------SECRETARIES2------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------- 4 0 .0 40.0 4 0.0 130.00 129.00 136.00 TYPISTS, CLASS B -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 148 117 31 40.0 4 0.0 40.0 90.00 89.50 92.50 accounting, class a 1 S ta n da rd h o u r s r e f le c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e theii r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e esp on d to t h e se w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 M a y in clu d e w o r k e r s o th e r than th o s e p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly . 23 19 $ 40. 0 141.00 4 0 .0 141.00 16 40.0 120.00 18 18 40.0 40.0 200.00 200.00 22 20 40.0 40.0 168.50 169.00 19 19 40.0 40.0 198.50 198.50 101 101 40.0 40.0 162.00 162.00 66 52 4 0.0 4 0.0 118.00 118.50 15 15 40.0 40.0 145.50 145.50 CONTINUED -------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------- clerks, Weekly Weekly hours 1 earnings 1 (standard) (standard) COMPUTER PROGRAMERS, BUSINESS, CLASS A -------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------ ___ — — s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f p a y fo r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ) , and the e a rn in g s 11 T a b le A -4 . M a in te na n ce and p o w e rp la n t o c c u p a tio n s (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s fo r m en in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is by in d u str y d iv is io n , M u sk eg on —M u sk eg on H e ig h ts, M ich . , June 1970) Hourly eanaings l O cc u p a tio n and in d u str y d iv is io n Number of woAers N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly ea rn in g s o f— Unde Mean2 Median ^ Middle range 2 J .1 0 '3 .20 3 . 3 0 3.4 0 3 .5 0 3.6 0 3.7 0 3 .8 0 3.9 0 4.0 0 4.1 0 4 .2 0 4.3 0 4 .4 0 4 .5 0 4.6 0 4.7 0 4.8 0 3.3 0 3 .4 0 3.5 0 3.60 3.70 3.8 0 3.90 4 .0 0 4 . 10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.5 0 4.60 4.70 4*80 over i i - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - - 12 12 - - - - ~ _ 2 1 27 27 4 4 5 _ _ 10 10 25 25 6 4 13 13 _ _ _ _ - 30 30 _ _ 1 l 11 4 4 _ _ - _ - - 8 8 - - 4 4 i and 3 , 1(3 unde 3.20 S 3 .9 3 3 .9 3 $ 9.0 5 9.0 5 $ $ 4 .0 1 - 4 .0 9 4 .0 1 - 4 .0 9 123 120 3 .9 9 3 .9 9 4.0 8 4.0 8 3 .6 3 - 9 .2 6 3 .6 3 - 4 .2 5 “ FIREMEN, STATIONARY BOILER ----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 38 38 3 .7 9 3 . 74 3 .7 8 3.7 8 3 .3 7 - 9.1 8 3 .3 7 - 9.1 8 4 4 - HELPERS, 8 15 CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE ----------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 17 17 ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE ------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- MAINTENANCE TRADES -------- 28 3.4 8 3.4 4 3 .3 9 - MACHINE-TCGL OPERATORS, TOOLROOM MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 93 93 9 .2 6 9.2 6 4 .3 3 9 .3 3 9 .2 1 - 9.3 8 4 .2 1 - 4.3 8 MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE ------------------------------------------------ 41 39 9.2 1 4 . 19 4 . 19 9 . 18 4 .0 7 - 4.3 6 4 .0 6 - 4.3 5 MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE ( MAINTENANCE ) -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NUNMANUFACTURING -------------------------PUBLIC U TI LIT IE S3--------------------- 55 26 29 29 3 .9 7 3 .8 0 9.1 3 4.1 3 4 .0 8 4.0 4 4 . 18 9 . 18 3 .7 9 - 9 .2 2 3 .2 8 - 4 .0 9 3 .9 8 - 9.9 2 3 .9 3 - 4 .4 2 MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE ------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 203 195 3.9 1 3.8 9 4 .0 2 4 .0 2 3 .5 7 - 9.2 1 3 .5 7 - 4.1 8 MILLWRIGHTS ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 129 129 4.0 9 4.0 9 4.0 8 9.0 8 4 .0 4 - 4.1 5 9 .0 9 - 9.1 5 28 MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 2b 3.6 2 3 .6 2 3 .7 8 3 .7 6 3 .3 7 3 .3 7 - 3.8 6 3 .8 6 PIPEFITTERS, MAINTENANCE --------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 47 47 9.1 2 4 . 12 9 . 12 4 . 12 4 .0 6 4 .0 6 - 4.1 9 4.1 9 TOOL AN0 DIE MAKERS ------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------- 163 163 4 .4 1 4 . 41 4 .4 9 4.4 9 4 .1 9 4 .1 9 - 4.5 8 4.5 8 manufacturing 1 2 3 3 .4 9 E x clu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s , F o r d e fin itio n o f t e r m s , s e e fo o tn o te 2, ta b le A - l . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , co m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . 1 5 4 - - - - 12 Ta b le A -5 . C ustodia l and material m o v e m e n t occu p a tio n s (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u stry d iv is io n , M u sk eg on —M u s k eg on H e ig h ts, M ic h ., June 1970) 2 ' 4 * E x cl u d es pr e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r work on w e ek en d s, h o lid a y s, and late shifts. F o r def inition of t e r m s , s e e footno te 2, table A - l . Includes all d r i v e r s , as def ine d, r e g a r d l e s s o f s i z e and type o f truck op e ra te d . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , and o t h e r pu blic utilities. 13 B. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions T a b l e B -1 . M in im u m entran ce salaries for w o m e n office w o r k e r s (D is t ri bu t io n o f e s t a bl is hm e nt s studied in all in du st r ie s and in in dus tr y di v is i o n s by m in im um e nt ra nc e s a la ry f o r se l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , M us ke go n—M us ke go n Heights, M i c h , , June 1970) T h e se s a la r i e s relate to f o r m a l l y es ta bl is he d m in i m u m starting (hi ring) re g u l a r st r a i g h t - t im e s a la r i e s that a re paid fo r standard w or kw ee k s. E x cl u de s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s such as m e s s e n g e r o r o f f i c e g ir l. Data a re p r e se n t e d f o r all standard w o rk w e ek s c o m b in e d , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n standard w o rk w e e k r e p o rt ed . 14 Table B-2. Shift differentials ( L a t e - s h i f t p ay p r o v i s i o n s f o r m an u f a ct u ri n g plant w o r k e r s b y type and amount o f p ay d i f f e r e n t i a l , M u sk e g on —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h . , June 1970) P e r c e n t o f m an uf a ct ur in g plant w o r k e r s — L a t e - s h i f t p ay p r o v i s i o n In e s t a b l is h m e n t s having p r o v i s i o n s 1 f o r late shifts S e c o n d shift T h i r d o r o th er shift A c t u a ll y w o r k i n g on late shifts S ec o n d shift T h i r d o r ot he r shift 99.8 92.5 19.9 6.0 No p ay d i f f e r e n t i a l f o r w o r k on late s h i f t ---------- 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.1 P a y d i f f e r e n t i a l f o r w o r k on late s h i f t __________ 98.9 91.6 19.7 5.9 U n i f o r m ce n ts ( p e r h o u r ) __________________ 77.4 74.3 17.4 5.3 5 c e n t s ___________________________________ 6 c e n t s __________________ _______________ 7 c e n t s ___________________________________ V c e n t s --------------------------------------------------c e n t s ___________________________________ 10 c e n t s ___________________________________ 11 c e n t s ___________________________________ 12 c e n t s -----------------------------------------------------15 c e n t s ___________________________________ 16 c e n t s -----------------------------------------------------20 c e n t s ___________________________________ 5.8 2.2 .7 1.1 38.4 29.3 ' 13.5 30.9 2.2 19.1 1.7 5.7 1.1 .1 10.8 4.5 - .6 1.2 .3 2.0 1.1 .1 U n i f o r m p e r c e n t a g e _____________________ — 19.1 14.2 1.7 .1 5 p e r c e n t _________________________________ 6 p e r c e n t _____ ________________________ V p e r c e n t ----------------------------------------------7 p e r c e n t _________________________________ 1 3 2 / s p e r c e n t _____________________________ 7.0 .7 1 1.4 - 2.1 .7 11.4 .8 .1 .8 - .1 - Oth er f o r m a l p ay d i f f e r e n t i a l --------------------- 2.4 3.2 .6 .5 T ot al ___________________________________________ T y p e and amo un t o f d i f f e r e n t i a l : 72 8 63 1 Incl ude s al l plant w o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y e ve n though the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e not c u r r e n t l y o p er a t in g late shifts. _ - 1.4 .7 - - - o p e r a t in g , o r having form al _ - provisions covering late shi fts , 15 Ta b le B -3 . S c h e d u le d w e e k ly ho u rs (P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f plant and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u str y d iv is io n s b y sc h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s 1 o f f i r s t - s h if t w o r k e r s , M u sk eg on r-M u sk egon H eig h ts , M ic h ., June 1970) Plant workers Office workers Weekly hours All industries 2 100 Manufacturing 100 Public utilities 3 All industries4 Manufacturing 100 100 100 98 97 99 - - 100 Public utilities3 (5) 2 90 4^ V-imir « 48 hours__________ -_________ __ .....____ ____ 5 (5) 1 2 91 6 83 1 (5) 14 2 _________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 S ch e d u le d h ou rs a r e the w e e k ly h o u r s w h ich a m a jo r it y o f the f u l l- t im e w o r k e r s w e r e e x p e c te d to w o r k , w h e th e r th ey w e r e pa id f o r at s t r a ig h t -t im e o r o v e r t im e r a te s . In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to th o se in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to t h o s e in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . - 16 Ta b le B -4 . P aid holidays (P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f plant and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y n u m b er o f paid h o lid a y s p r o v id e d a n n u ally , M u sk eg on —M u s k eg on H e ig h ts, M ic h ., June 1970) O ffic e w o r k e r s Plant w o r k e r s Item A ll in d u s t r ie s 1 A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------------ W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g paid h o l id a y s --------------------------------------------------------W o rk e rs in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g no paid h o l id a y s ---------------------------------------- --- . M a n u fa ctu rin g P u b lic u t il it i e s 2 A ll in d u s t r ie s 3 M a n u fa ctu rin g P u b lic u t il it i e s 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 100 100 99 100 100 1 - - (4 ) - - - (4) (4) 3 - - N u m b er o f days 3 h o l id a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 2 6 h o l id a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------6 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf d a y --------------------------------------6 h o lid a y s plus 2 h a lf d a y s ------------------------------------ 3 ( 4) - 7 h o l id a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------7 h o lid a y s plu s 2 h a lf d a y s -----------------------------------8 h o l id a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------8 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf day-------------------------------------9 h o l id a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------10 h o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------13 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf d a y ------------------------------------ 3 4 4 2 6 1 29 51 1 1 1 33 58 “ 3 - 54 37 6 ~ " 2 3 3 2 i 19 3 37 29 (4) 2 1 2 8 45 39 _ 1 1 1 - 79 19 - T o ta l h o lid a y tim e 5 13 l/z d a y s o r m o r e --------------------------------------------------10 d a y s o r m o r e ----------- -----------------------------------------9 d a y s o r m o r e -------------------------------------------------------8Vz d a y s o r m o r e ---------------------------------------------------8 d a y s o r m o r e --------------- ---------------------------------------7 d a y s o r m o r e -------------------------------------------------------672 d a y s o r m o r e ---------------------------------------------------6 d a y s o r m o r e -------------------------------------------------------3 d a y s o r m o r e -------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 3 4 5 51 80 81 91 95 96 98 99 58 90 90 96 98 98 99 100 - 6 43 97 100 100 100 100 (4) 29 66 69 90 95 97 98 99 39 84 84 94 96 96 99 100 _ 19 98 99 99 100 100 In clu d e s data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . In clu d e s data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to th o s e in d u s tr y d i v is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t . A ll c o m b in a t io n s o f fu ll and h a lf d a y s that add to the sa m e am ou n t a r e c o m b in e d ; fo r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a to ta l o f 9 d a y s in c lu d e s th o s e w ith 9 fu ll days and no h a lf d a y s , 8 fu ll d a y s and 2 h a lf d a y s , 7 fu ll d a y s and 4 h a lf d a y s , and s o on . P r o p o r t io n s then w e r e c u m u la te d . 17 T a b le B -5 . P aid va catio ns1 (Percent distribution of plant and office workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich., June 1970) Plant w o r k e r s O ffic e w o rk e r s V a c a tio n p o lic y A ll in d u s tr ie s 2 A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------------ M a nufacturing P u b lic u t il it i e s 3 A ll in d u s t r ie s 4 M anufacturing P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 44 56 100 100 100 50 50 100 100 “ M ethod o f pa y m en t W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g pa id v a c a t io n s ------------------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f-t im e p a y m e n t ------------------------------- P e r c e n ta g e p a y m e n t ----------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g no paid v a c a t io n s -------------------------------------------------- 98 - 2 97 3 " " " " 16 13 9 18 13 .. 11 5 54 54 42 50 47 ~ A m ou n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 5 A fte r 6 m on th s o f s e r v i c e U n der 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------1 w eek . ---- . -----------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------ 10 - 11 8 57 16 _ 13 - A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------- 2 w e e k s ------------------- ------ —------ --------------------------------- 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------- ---------- - ........— O v e r 3 and u nd er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------- 2 1 1 1 1 1 80 5 15 ( 6) 79 - 29 (6 ) 67 4 92 - 11 - - - - 23 72 5 - 4 (6 ) 92 4 ( 6) 93 - - - - 3 92 5 1 1 (6 ) 95 (6) 93 - - - 4 6 - - - - - 6 8 - A fte r 2 y ea rs of s e r v ice 1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u nd er 2 w eek s -----------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u nd er 3 w e e k s .------- ---------------------------3 w e e k s _____________________________________________ O v e r 3 and under 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------- 47 42 9 (6 ) 1 1 49 47 2 - 1 1 - 1 6 8 92 - * A fte r 3 y ea rs o f s e r v ice 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u nd er 2 w eek s ---------------- —......... ......... 2 w e e k s -------- -------------- --------------------------------- -----O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and und er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------ 15 30 53 (6) 1 1 15 34 49 - 1 1 1 99 A fte r 4 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ---- ---------- ----------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and und er 2 w e e k s ---------------- -------------------2 w e e k s ------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------- -----O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u nd er 4 w e e k s . . . . . . — — 4 w e e k s ----------------------- . . . _______________________ See footnotes at end of table. 15 30 53 (6 ) 1 1 15 34 49 . 1 1 3 - 92 5 - 1 1 (6 ) 95 (‘ ) 93 - - 4 6 - . 1 - 99 - 18 Ta b le B -5 . P a id v a c a t i o n s 1------ C o n tin u e d (Percent distribution of plant and office workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Muskegon-Muskegon Heights, M ich., June 1970) Plant w o r k e r s V a ca tio n p o l ic y A ll in d u s t r ie s 2 M an u fa ctu rin g O ffice w o r k e r s P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3 A ll in d u s t r ie s 4 M a nufacturing P u b lic u t il it i e s 3 A m ou n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 5— C on tin u ed A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------- --------- ------ ------------O v e r 2 and und er 3 w e e k s ------------------------------------3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and und er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------4 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 53 40 4 i 51 44 _ i - 95 5 _ 1 i - _ 3 92 5 - 1 2 (6 ) 91 (6 ) 2 87 4 5 . 4 - - 2 4 - _ 100 _ _ _ _ - A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 12 1 11 O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and und er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 54 3 30 54 3 1 1 1 1 (6 ) 22 74 4 (6 ) 27 67 - 6 - - - 95 5 - (6 ) (6 ) 15 18 . 6 _ 94 _ _ - A f t e r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------- -2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and und er 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------- 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u nd er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------- ----- --------- 2 8 25 59 5 i 1 1 7 28 58 5 1 1 - _ - (6 ) (6 ) 80 4 75 - 6 _ - - - (6 ) 3 - t6 ) 85 100 ■ A fte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w eek — ___________________________________________ 2 w e e k s __________________________ ______ - _____ ______ O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s -------------- ----------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and und er 4 w e e k s -------------- ------ ---------4 w e e k s ----------------- ---------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 and u n d er 5 w e e k s ------------------------------------5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------6 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 2 1 41 47 8 1 - 1 38 52 50 45 5 2 8 3 _ - - - 84 4 81 8 (6 ) 7 - 1 1 - - - - - (6 ) 1 2 2 1 _ - (6 ) (6 ) - 3 25 - - - 19 - A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ------------------- --------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u nd er 4 w e e k s . —--------------------------------4 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 and u nd er 5 w eek s — --------------------------------5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------6 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. _ . - 66 3 3 32 - 69 92 63 69 94 15 16 - - (6 ) 2 1 - i 11 3 2 1 8 2 3 5 - 2 6 - 19 Ta b le B -5 . Paid v a c a t io n s 1------C o n tin u e d ( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f pla n t and o ff ic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u str y d iv is io n s by v a c a tio n pay p r o v is i o n s , M u sk eg on —M u sk eg on H eig h ts, M i c h . , June 1970) Plant w o r k e r s V acation policy A ll in d u s t r ie s 2 Manufacturing O ffice w o rk e rs Public utilities3 A ll in d u s t r ie s 4 Manufacturing Public utilities3 A m o u n t o f v a c a t i o n p a y 5— C o n t i n u e d A fter 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------- — 2 2 1 3 w e e k s . -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------- 9 4 w e e k s ------------------- ----------------------------------- -------------------------------O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 16 6 A fter 30 y e a r s O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------5 w e e k s . . . --------------------------------------------------------------------------- — w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 1 2 _ - (‘ ) 3 - (6) 3 - 3 - 25 - 15 - 43 5 63 76 - 67 - 5 26 1 8 2 64 17 9 8 - - (6 ) 48 8 - (6 ) - - 1 8 2 - (6 ) 3 . 1 _ - 6 - - of service 1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------------- M axim u m 2 1 - 2 2 1 9 2 58 16 1 61 17 3 43 5 25 63 - (6 ) 3 15 75 - 6 5 48 5 6 - 2 3 3 2 2 1 _ (6) (6) - 7 _ - 6 67 26 - v a ca tio n available w e e k ...................................................................................................— w e e k s _________________________________________________________ O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------- - 3 w e e k s _________________________________________________________ O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------4 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------5 w e e k s _________________________________________________________ 6 w e e k s -------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------O v e r 6 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2 58 16 5 6 1 1 8 2 61 17 3 7 - 3 43 5 48 - 3 25 63 - 3 15 75 - 5 1 4 6 _ - 6 67 26 - (6) 1 In clu d e s b a s ic p la n s o n ly . E x clu d e s p la n s such as v a c a tio n b on u s, v a c a t io n -s a v in g s , and th o se p la n s w h ich o ff e r " e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t ic a l " b e n e fit s b ey on d b a s ic plans to w o r k e r s w ith q u a lify in g len gth s o f s e r v i c e . T y p ic a l of su ch e x c lu s io n s a r e p la n s in the ste e l, alu m in u m , and ca n in d u s t r ie s . 2 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e , r e t a il tra d e, r e a l e sta te , and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to th ose in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly . 3 T r a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . 4 In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e t a il tra d e ; fin a n ce , in s u ra n ce , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to th o se in d u str y d i v is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly . 5 In clu d es pa ym en t o th er than "len g th o f t im e , " su ch as p e r ce n ta g e o f annual e a rn in g s o r fla t - s u m p a y m en ts, co n v e r te d to an e q u iv a len t tim e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le , a p a y m en t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's pay. P e r io d s o f s e r v i c e w e re c h o s e n a r b it r a r i ly and d o not n e c e s s a r i ly r e f le c t the in d iv id u a l p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s i o n . F o r e x a m p le , the ch a n g es in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a te d at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e in clu d e ch a n g es in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s tim a t e s a r e cu m u la tiv e . T hus, the p r o p o r t io n e lig ib le fo r 3 w e e k s' pay o r m o r e a ft e r 10 y e a r s in clu d e s th ose e lig ib le fo r 3 w e e k s' p a y o r m o r e a ft e r fe w e r y e a r s o f s e r v i c e . 6 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 20 Ta b le B -6 . Health, insurance, and pension plans (Percent of plant and office workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension benefits, Muskegorr-Muskegon Heights, Mich., June 1970) Type of benefit and financing 1 Plant workers All industries 2 Manufacturing All workers--------------------------------------------- 100 100 Workers in establishments providing at least 1 of the benefits shown below_________ Office workers Public utilities ^5 All industries 4 Manufacturing Public utilities J 100 100 10 0 100 100 100 100 99 100 10 0 Life insurance------------------------------------------Noncontributory plans--------------------------Accidental death and dismemberment insurance__________ _____________________ Noncontributory plans-------- -------- ---Sickness and accident insurance or sick leave or both 5 ---------------------------------- 98 98 90 100 89 99 72 99 81 99 92 90 80 95 86 28 28 73 49 86 68 6 6 97 99 94 95 97 99 Sickness and accident insurance-----------Noncontributory plans---------------------Sick leave (full pay and no waiting period)-----------------------------------Sick leave (partial pay or waiting period)------------------------------------ 95 85 99 89 22 22 40 31 54 44 7 5 1 48 67 76 30 3 - 24 18 8 62 Hospitalization insurance--------------------------Noncontributory plans------------------------Surgical insurance------------------------------------Noncontributory plans--------------------------Medical insurance------------------------------------Noncontributory plans--------------------------Major medical insurance--------------------------Noncontributory plans ------------------------Retirement pension____ ___________________ Noncontributory plans--------------------------- 99 100 100 99 63 99 63 99 63 87 62 93 78 100 100 88 88 91 65 99 100 100 88 91 97 89 42 33 96 96 97 85 47 37 93 92 65 100 65 89 89 95 95 7 74 30 100 100 1 00 10 0 74 74 82 56 96 78 30 30 92 92 91 91 1 Estimates listed after type of benefit are for all plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer. "Noncontributory plans" include only those plans financed entirely by the employer. Excluded are legally required plans, such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement. 2 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. 5 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at least the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. 21 T a b le B -7 . M e th o d of w a g e dete rm in atio n and fre q u e n c y of p a y m e n t P e rc ent d is tr ib u tio n and freq u ency of o f pla nt and o ffic e wage paym ent, w orkers in a l l M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n in d u stries H eig h ts, and in in d u s t r y M ich . , June d ivision s by m ethod of wage d eterm in a tion 1 1970) O ffice Plant w o r k e r s w orkers Item A ll in d u s t r ie s 2 A l l w o r k e r s ______________________________________ P u blic M an u fa cturin g u tilities3 A ll in d u s tr ie s 4 M an u fa ctu rin g P u blic u tilities3 100 100 100 100 100 100 81 81 80 80 100 100 20 100 100 100 21 92 93 59 60 39 61 92 93 4 89 22 21 24 18 12 63 17 17 37 58 63 19 20 21 17 7 _ 7 2 11 - 15 20 8 6 2 12 4 5 - 7 - M ethod o f wage determ in ation 1 P a i d t i m e r a t e s _______________________________________ F o r m a l r a t e p o l i c y ______________________________ S i n g l e r a t e -------------------------------------------------------R a n g e o f r a t e s ------------------------------------------------P r o g r e s s i o n b a s e d on a u t o m a t i c a d v a n c e m e n t a c c o r d i n g to le n g t h o f s e r v i c e _______________________ P r o g r e s s i o n b a s e d on m e r i t r e v i e w -------------------------------------------------------P r o g r e s s i o n b a s e d on a c o m b i n a t i o n o f le n g t h o f s e r v i c e and m e r i t r e v i e w _____________ X o f o r m a l r a t e p o l i c y ----------------------------------------P a i d bv i n c e n t i v e m e t h o d s _________________________ P i e c e r a t e --------------------------------------------------------------I n d i v i d u a l _______________________________________ G r o u p -----------------------------------------------------------------P r o d u c t i o n b o n u s _________________________________ I n d i v i d u a l ----------------------------------------------------------G r o u p -----------------------------------------------------------------C o m m is s i o n _______________________________________ (5) 19 7 (5 ) s 6 2 1 (5 ) 91 8 - 8 _ M e t h o d o f d e t e r m i n i n g i n c e n t i v e p a y o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s not p r e s e n t e d • F r e q u e n c y o f wage paym ent W e e k l y _______________________ _________________________ R i w o e k l v _______________________________________________ S e m i m o n t h l y ---------------------------------------------------------------M o n t h l y .... ........ .................................................. ........................ O t h e r f r e q u e n c y --------------------------------------------------------- 1 2 4 5 F or a descrip tion of the m ethods of 88 88 94 - - 4 12 12 (5) wage determ in ation , see In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tr a d e , retail tra d e , real estate, T ran sportation , com m u n ica tion , and oth er p u blic u tilities. Inclu d es Less data than 0. S for w h olesa le percent. trade; retail trade; fin an ce, 29 50 18 2 19 49 28 4 3 (5) Introd u ction . and se rv ice s, in su ra n ce, and real in ad d ition estate; to and those in du stry s e rv ice s, in d iv ision s ad d ition to shown those se p arately . in d u stry d iv ision s shown sep arately. 91 8 - 2 A p p e n d ix . O c c u p a tio n a l D e s c rip tio n s T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r the B u r e a u ' s w a g e s u r v e y s i s to a s s i s t its f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g in to a p p r o p r i a t e o c c u p a t i o n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p l o y e d u n d e r a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l t i t l e s a n d d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t to e s t a b l i s h m e n t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h i s p e r m i t s the g r o u p i n g o f o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t i n g c o m p a r a b l e j o b c o n t e n t . B e c a u s e o f th is e m p h a s i s on i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t an d i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f o c c u p a t i o n a l c o n t e n t , the B u r e a u ' s j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m t h o s e in u s e in i n d iv i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p l y i n g t h e s e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , the B u r e a u ' s f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e i n s t r u c t e d to e x c l u d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t i c e s ; l e a r n e r s ; b e g i n n e r s ; t r a i n e e s ; an d h a n d i c a p p e d , p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , an d p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s . O FFIC E BILLER, CLERK, MACHINE P r e p a r e s s t a t e m e n t s , b i l l s , and i n v o i c e s on a m a c h i n e o t h e r than an o r d i n a r y o r e l e c t r o m atic typew riter. M a y a l s o k e e p r e c o r d s a s to b i l l i n g s o r s h i p p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c i d e n t a l to b i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s . F o r w a g e st u d y p u r p o s e s , b i l l e r s , m a c h i n e , a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y t ype o f m a c h i n e , a s f o l l o w s : B i l l e r , m a c h i n e (b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) . U s e s a s p e c i a l b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ( M o o n H o p k i n s , E l l i o t t F i s h e r , B u r r o u g h s , e t c . , w h i c h a r e c o m b i n a t i o n ty p i n g and a d d i n g m a c h i n e s ) t o p r e p a r e b i l l s and i n v o i c e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , i n t e r n a l l y p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , s h i p p in g m e m o r a n d u m s , e t c . U s u a l l y i n v o l v e s a p p l i c a t i o n o f p r e d e t e r m i n e d d i s c o u n t s and s h i p p in g c h a r g e s , and e n t r y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s i o n s , w h i c h m a y o r m a y not be c o m p u t e d on the b i l l i n g m a c h i n e , and t o t a l s w h i c h a r e a u t o m a t i c a l l y a c c u m u l a t e d b y m a c h i n e . T h e o p e r a t i o n u s u a l l y i n v o l v e s a l a r g e n u m b e r o f c a r b o n c o p i e s o f the b il l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is o ft e n d o n e on a f a n fo l d m achin e. B ille r , m a ch in e (b ookkeep in g m a ch in e ). U ses a book k eep in g m a ch in e (Sundstrand, Elliott F i s h e r , R e m i n g t o n R a n d , e t c . , w h i c h m a y o r m a y no t h a ve t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s a s p a r t o f the a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e o p e r a t i o n . G e n e r a l l y i n v o l v e s the s i m u l t a neous entry of fig u re s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . The m ach in e a u to m a tica lly a ccu m u la te s f i g u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l c o l u m n s and c o m p u t e s , and u s u a l l y p r i n t s a u t o m a t i c a l l y the d e b i t o r c r e d i t b a l a n c e s . D o e s not i n v o l v e a k n o w l e d g e o f b o o k k e e p i n g . W o r k s f r o m u n i f o r m and s t a n d a r d t y p e s o f s a l e s and c r e d i t s l i p s . BOOKKEEPING-M ACHINE OPERATOR O p er a tes a b ook k eep in g m a ch in e (R em in g ton Rand, E lliott F is h e r , Sundstrand, B u r ro u g h s, N a t i o n a l C a s h R e g i s t e r , w ith o r w i t h o u t a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s i n e s s transactions. C la s s A. K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u i r i n g a k n o w l e d g e o f and e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m i l i a r i t y with the s t r u c t u r e o f the p a r t i c u l a r a c c o u n t i n g s y s t e m u s e d . D e t e r m i n e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d e b i t and c r e d i t i t e m s to b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f the w o r k . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o l i d a t e d r e p o r t s , b a l a n c e s h e e t s , and o t h e r r e c o r d s b y ha nd. C l a s s B. K e e p s a r e c o r d o f o ne o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a l l y r e q u i r i n g Tittle k n o w l e d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g . P h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s in c l u d e a c c o u n t s p a y a b l e , p a y r o l l , c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (n ot in c l u d i n g a s i m p l e t ype o f b i l l i n g d e s c r i b e d u n d e r b i l l e r , m achin e), c o s t distribution, exp en s e d istribu tion , inventory co n tr o l, etc. M ay ch ec k or a s s is t in p r e p a r a t i o n o f t r i a l b a l a n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l s h e e t s f o r the a c c o u n t i n g d e p a r t m e n t . CLERK, ACCOUNTING C l a s s A . U n d e r g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f a b o o k k e e p e r o r a c c o u n t a n t , ha s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r k e e p i n g on e o r m o r e s e c t i o n s o f a c o m p l e t e s e t o f b o o k s o r r e c o r d s r e l a t i n g to one p h a s e o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s b u s i n e s s t r a n s a c t i o n s . W o r k i n v o l v e s p o s t i n g and b a l a n c i n g s u b s i d i a r y l e d g e r o r l e d g e r s s u c h a s a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e o r a c c o u n t s p a y a b l e ; e x a m i n i n g and c o d i n g i n v o i c e s o r v o u c h e r s with p r o p e r a c c o u n t i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n ; and r e q u i r e s j u d g m e n t and e x p e r i e n c e in m a k i n g p r o p e r a s s i g n a t i o n s and a l l o c a t i o n s . M a y a s s i s t in p r e p a r i n g , a d j u s t i n g , and c l o s i n g j o u r n a l e n t r i e s ; and m a y d i r e c t c l a s s B a c c o u n t i n g c l e r k s . C l a s s B. U n d e r s u p e r v i s i o n , p e r f o r m s o ne o r m o r e ro u t i n e a c c o u n t i n g o p e r a t i o n s su c h a s p o s t in g s i m p l e j o u r n a l v o u c h e r s o r a c c o u n t s p a y a b le v o u c h e r s , e n t e r i n g v o u c h e r s in v o u c h e r r e g i s t e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g b an k a c c o u n t s ; and p o s t i n g s u b s i d i a r y l e d g e r s c o n t r o l l e d by g e n e r a l l e d g e r s , o r p o s t i n g s i m p l e c o s t a c c o u n t i n g da t a . T h i s j o b d o e s not r e q u i r e a k n o w l e d g e o f a c c o u n t i n g and b o o k k e e p i n g p r i n c i p l e s but is fo u n d in o f f i c e s in w h i c h the m o r e ro u t i n e a c c o u n t i n g w o r k is s u b d i v i d e d on a fu n c t i o n a l b a s i s a m o n g s e v e r a l w o r k e r s . 22 FILE C l a s s A . In an e s t a b l i s h e d f i l i n g s y s t e m c o n t a i n i n g a n u m b e r o f v a r i e d s u b j e c t m a t t e r f i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s and i n d e x e s f i l e m a t e r i a l su c h a s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , technical d o c u m e n t s , e t c . M a y a l s o f i l e th is m a t e r i a l . M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r i o u s t y p e s in c o n j u n c t i o n with the f i l e s . M a y le a d a s m a l l g r o u p o f l o w e r l e v e l f i l e c l e r k s . C l a s s B . S o r t s , c o d e s , and f i l e s u n c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l b y s i m p l e ( s u b j e c t m a t t e r ) h e a d in gs o r p a r t l y c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l b y f i n e r s u b h e a d i n g s . P r e p a r e s s i m p l e r e l a t e d in d e x and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a i d s . A s r e q u e s t e d , l o c a t e s c l e a r l y id e n t i f i e d m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m aterial. May p e r fo r m related c l e r i c a l tasks req u ired to m a in t a in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . C l a s s C . P e r f o r m s r o u t i n e f i l i n g o f m a t e r i a l that ha s a l r e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f i e d o r w h ic h is e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s i m p l e s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m ( e . g . , a l p h a b e t i c a l , c h r o n o l o g i c a l , o r n u m e r i c a l ) . A s r e q u e s t e d , l o c a t e s r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l ; and m a y f i l l out w i t h d r a w a l c h a r g e . P e r f o r m s s i m p l e c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l t a s k s r e q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n and s e r v i c e f i l e s . CLERK, ORDER R e c e iv e s c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s fo r m a te r ia l or m e r c h a n d is e by m a il, phone, or p erson a lly. D u t ie s i n v o l v e a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g : Q u o t in g p r i c e s to c u s t o m e r s ; m a k i n g out an o r d e r s h e e t li s t i n g the i t e m s to m a k e up the o r d e r ; c h e c k i n g p r i c e s and q u a n t i t i e s o f i t e m s on o r d e r s h e e t ; and d i s t r i b u t i n g o r d e r s h e e t s to r e s p e c t i v e d e p a r t m e n t s to be f i l l e d . M a y c h e c k with c r e d i t d e p a r t m e n t to d e t e r m i n e c r e d i t ra t in g o f c u s t o m e r , a c k n o w l e d g e r e c e i p t o f o r d e r s f r o m c u s t o m e r s , f o l l o w up o r d e r s to s e e that t h e y h a v e b e e n f i l l e d , k e e p f i l e o f o r d e r s r e c e i v e d , and c h e c k sh i p p in g i n v o i c e s w ith o r i g i n a l o r d e r s . CLERK, PAYROLL C o m p u t e s w a g e s o f c o m p a n y e m p l o y e e s and e n t e r s the n e c e s s a r y data on the p a y r o l l s h e e t s . D u t ie s i n v o l v e : C a l c u l a t i n g w o r k e r s ' e a r n i n g s b a s e d on t i m e o r p r o d u c t i o n r e c o r d s ; and p o s t i n g c a l c u l a t e d da ta on p a y r o l l s h e e t , s h o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n su c h a s w o r k e r ' s n a m e , w o r k i n g d a y s , t i m e , r a t e , d e d u c t i o n s f o r i n s u r a n c e , and t o t al w a g e s d u e . M a y m a k e out p a y c h e c k s and a s s i s t p a y m a s t e r in m a k i n g up and d i s t r i b u t i n g pa y e n v e l o p e s . M ay use a calculatin g m a ch in e. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR P r i m a r y du ty is to o p e r a t e a C o m p t o m e t e r to p e r f o r m m a t h e m a t i c a l c o m p u t a t i o n s . T h is j o b is not to b e c o n f u s e d with that o f s t a t i s t i c a l o r o t h e r t y p e o f c l e r k , w h i c h m a y i n v o l v e f r e q ue nt u s e o f a C o m p t o m e t e r but, in w h i c h , u s e o f th is m a c h i n e is i n c i d e n t a l to p e r f o r m a n c e of other duties. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR C l a s s A . O p e r a t e s a n u m e r i c a l a n d / o r a l p h a b e t i c a l o r c o m b i n a t i o n k e y p u n c h m a c h i n e to t r a n s c r i b e da ta f r o m v a r i o u s s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s to k e y p u n c h t a b u l a t i n g c a r d s . P e r f o r m s s a m e t a s k s a s l o w e r l e v e l k e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r but, in a d d i t i o n , w o r k r e q u i r e s a p p l i c a t i o n o f c o d i n g s k i l l s and the m a k i n g o f s o m e d e t e r m i n a t i o n s , f o r e x a m p l e , l o c a t e s on the s o u r c e d o c u m e n t the i t e m s to be p u n ch e d ; e x t r a c t s i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m s e v e r a l d o c u m e n t s ; and s e a r c h e s f o r and i n t e r p r e t s i n f o r m a t i o n on the d o c u m e n t to d e t e r m i n e i n f o r m a t i o n to be p u n c h e d . M a y t r a in inexperienced operators. 23 K E Y P U N C H O P E R A T O R — C o n t in u e d S E C R E T A R Y — C o n t in u e d C la s s B. U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n o r fo l lo w i n g s p e c i f i c p r o c e d u r e s o r i n s t r u c t i o n s , t r a n s c r i b e s d a ta f r o m s o u r c e d o c u m e n ts to p u n ch ed c a r d s . O p e r a te s a n u m e r ic a l a n d /o r a l p h a b e t i c a l o r c o m b i n a t i o n k e y p u n c h m a c h in e t o k e y p u n c h t a b u la t in g c a r d s . M a y v e r i f y c a r d s . W o r k in g f r o m v a r i o u s s t a n d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s , f o l l o w s s p e c i f i e d s e q u e n c e s w h ic h h a v e b e e n c o d e d o r p r e s c r i b e d in d e t a il a n d r e q u i r e li t t le o r n o s e l e c t i n g , c o d in g , o r i n t e r p r e t in g o f d a ta t o b e p u n c h e d . P r o b l e m s a r i s i n g f r o m e r r o n e o u s i t e m s o r c o d e s , m i s s i n g in f o r m a t io n , e t c ., a r e r e f e r r e d to s u p e r v is o r . d. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d o f a n in d iv id u a l p la n t , f a c t o r y , o f o f f i c i a l ) th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5, 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r e. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d o f a l a r g e a n d im p o r t a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m id d l e m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v i s o r o f a n o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t o f t e n in v o l v i n g a s m a n y a s s e v e r a l h u n d r e d p e r s o n s ) o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a ll , o v e r 2 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s . C la s s O F F IC E BO Y O R G IR L P e r f o r m s v a r i o u s r o u t in e d u t ie s s u c h a s ru n n in g e r r a n d s , o p e r a t i n g m i n o r o f f i c e m a c h i n e s s u c h a s s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , o p e n in g a n d d i s t r ib u t in g m a i l , a n d o t h e r m i n o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . SECRETARY A s s i g n e d a s p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a l l y t o o n e in d iv id u a l. M a in ta in s a c l o s e a n d h ig h ly r e s p o n s i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p t o th e d a y - t o - d a y w o r k a c t i v i t i e s o f th e s u p e r v i s o r . W o r k s f a i r l y in d e p e n d e n t ly r e c e i v i n g a m in i m u m o f d e t a il e d s u p e r v i s i o n a n d g u id a n c e . P e r f o r m s v a r ie d c l e r i c a l a n d s e c r e t a r i a l d u t i e s , u s u a l ly in c lu d in g m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : (a ) R e c e i v e s t e le p h o n e c a l l s , p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , a n d i n c o m in g m a i l , a n s w e r s r o u t in e i n q u i r i e s , a n d r o u t e s th e t e c h n i c a l in q u i r i e s t o th e p r o p e r p e r s o n s ; (b ) e s t a b l i s h e s , m a in t a in s , a n d r e v i s e s th e s u p e r v i s o r 's f i l e s ; ( c ) m a in t a in s th e s u p e r v i s o r 's c a le n d a r a n d m a k e s a p p o in t m e n t s a s in s t r u c t e d ; (d ) r e l a y s m e s s a g e s f r o m s u p e r v i s o r t o s u b o r d in a t e s ; (e ) r e v i e w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d a , a n d r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s f o r th e s u p e r v i s o r 's s ig n a t u r e t o a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l a n d t y p o g r a p h i c a c c u r a c y ; a n d (f) p e r f o r m s s t e n o g r a p h ic a n d t y p in g w o r k . M a y a ls o p e r fo r m o th e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l ta s k s o f c o m p a r a b le n a tu re and d iffic u lt y . T h e w o r k t y p i c a l l y r e q u i r e s k n o w le d g e o f o f f i c e r o u t in e a n d u n d e r s t a n d in g o f th e o r g a n iz a t io n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e l a t e d t o th e w o r k o f th e s u p e r v i s o r . E xclu sion s N o t a l l p o s i t i o n s th a t a r e t it l e d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s th e a b o v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . E x a m p le s o f p o s i t i o n s w h ic h a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e d e f in i t io n a r e a s f o l l o w s : (a ) P o s i t i o n s w h ic h d o n o t m e e t th e " p e r s o n a l ” s e c r e t a r y c o n c e p t d e s c r i b e d a b o v e ; (b) s t e n o g r a p h e r s n o t f u l l y t r a in e d in s e c r e t a r i a l ty p e d u tie s ; (c ) s te n o g r a p h e r s s e r v in g a s o f f ic e a s s is t a n t s to a g r o u p o f p r o fe s s io n a l, te c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n s ; (d) s e c r e t a r y p o s i t i o n s in w h ic h th e d u t i e s a r e e i t h e r s u b s t a n t ia ll y m o r e r o u t in e o r s u b s t a n t ia ll y m o r e c o m p l e x a n d r e s p o n s i b l e th a n t h o s e c h a r a c t e r i z e d in th e d e f in i t io n ; a n d (e ) a s s i s t a n t ty p e p o s i t i o n s w h ic h i n v o l v e m o r e d i f f i c u l t o r m o r e r e s p o n s i b l e t e c h n i c a l , a d m in i s t r a t i v e , s u p e r v i s o r y , o r s p e c i a l i z e d c l e r i c a l d u t ie s w h ic h a r e n o t t y p i c a l o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k . N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u s e d in th e le v e l d e f in i t io n s f o l l o w i n g , r e f e r s t o t h o s e o f f i c i a l s w h o h a v e a s i g n i f i c a n t c o r p o r a t e - w i d e p o l ic y m a k i n g r o l e w ith r e g a r d t o m a jo r c o m p a n y a c t i v i t i e s . T h e t it l e " v i c e p r e s i d e n t , " th o u g h n o r m a l l y in d ic a t i v e o f t h is r o l e , d o e s n ot in a l l c a s e s i d e n t if y s u c h p o s i t i o n s . V i c e p r e s i d e n t s w h o s e p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s t o a c t p e r s o n a l l y o n in d iv id u a l c a s e s o r t r a n s a c t i o n s ( e . g . , a p p r o v e o r d e n y in d iv id u a l lo a n o r c r e d i t a c t i o n s ; a d m i n i s t e r in d iv id u a l- t r u s t a c c o u n t s ; d i r e c t l y s u p e r v i s e a c l e r i c a l s t a ff) a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d t o b e " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r p u r p o s e s o f a p p ly in g th e f o l l o w i n g l e v e l d e f i n i t i o n s . C la s s a ll , A a. S e c r e t a r y t o th e c h a i r m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in o v e r 100 b u t f e w e r th a n 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r b. S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r th a n t h e c h a i r m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5, 0 0 0 b u t f e w e r th a n 2 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r c. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d ( i m m e d i a t e l y b e lo w s e g m e n t o r s u b s i d i a r y o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , C la s s th e c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l ) o f a m a j o r in a l l , o v e r 2 5 , 0 00 p e r s o n s . B a. S e c r e t a r y t o th e c h a i r m a n o f t h e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , a ll , f e w e r th a n 100 p e r s o n s ; o r in b. S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r th a n th e c h a i r m a n o f t h e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 b u t f e w e r th a n 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r c. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d ( i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w th e o f f i c e r l e v e l ) o v e r e it h e r a m a j o r c o r p o r a t e - w i d e f u n c t io n a l a c t i v i t y ( e . g . , m a r k e t i n g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t i o n s , i n d u s t r i a l r e l a t i o n s , e t c . ) o r~ a m a j o r g e o g r a p h i c o r o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a r e g i o n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s ; a m a j o r d i v i s i o n ) o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 b u t f e w e r th a n 2 5 , 0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s ; o r e t c . ( o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l C a. S e c r e t a r y t o a n e x e c u t i v e o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s n o t e q u iv a le n t t o o n e o f th e s p e c i f i c l e v e l s it u a t io n s in th e d e f in i t io n f o r c l a s s B , b u t w h o s e s u b o r d in a t e s t a ff n o r m a l l y n u m b e r s a t l e a s t s e v e r a l d o z e n e m p l o y e e s a n d i s u s u a l l y d i v id e d in t o o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t s w h ic h a r e o ft e n , in t u r n , f u r t h e r s u b d iv id e d . In s o m e c o m p a n i e s , t h is l e v e l in c lu d e s a w id e r a n g e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n a l e c h e l o n s ; in o t h e r s , o n l y o n e o r t w o ; £ r b. S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d o f a n in d iv id u a l p la n t , f a c t o r y , e t c . ( o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r th a n 5 , 0 00 p e r s o n s . C la s s D a. S e c r e t a r y t o t h e s u p e r v i s o r o r h e a d o f a s m a l l o r g a n i z a t i o n a l u n it ( e . g . , f e w e r th a n a b o u t 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; o £ b. S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s ta ff s p e c ia lis t , p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in is t r a t iv e o f f i c e r , o r a s s i s t a n t , s k i l l e d t e c h n i c i a n o r e x p e r t . (N O T E ; M a n y co m p a n ie s a s s ig n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , r a t h e r th a n s e c r e t a r i e s a s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , t o t h is l e v e l o f s u p e r v i s o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r .) STENO G RAPH ER, GENERAL P r i m a r y d u ty i s t o ta k e d i c t a t io n in v o l v i n g a n o r m a l r o u t in e v o c a b u l a r y f r o m o n e o r m o r e p e r s o n s e it h e r in s h o r t h a n d o r b y S t e n o t y p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h in e ; a n d t r a n s c r i b e d i c t a t io n . M a y a l s o ty p e f r o m w r i t t e n c o p y . M a y m a in t a in f i l e s , k e e p s i m p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y r o u t in e c l e r i c a l t a s k s . M a y o p e r a t e f r o m a s t e n o g r a p h ic p o o l . D o e s n o t in c lu d e t r a n s c r i b i n g m a c h in e w o r k . (S e e t r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r . ) STEN O G RAPH E R, S E N IO R P r i m a r y d u ty is t o ta k e d i c t a t io n in v o l v i n g a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u c h a s in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h f r o m o n e o r m o r e p e r s o n s e i t h e r in s h o r t h a n d o r b y S te n o t y p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h in e ; a n d t r a n s c r i b e d i c t a t io n . M a y a l s o t y p e f r o m w r i t t e n cop y. M a y a l s o s e t u p a n d m a in t a in f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , e t c . OR P e r f o r m s s t e n o g r a p h ic d u t ie s r e q u i r in g s i g n if i c a n t ly g r e a t e r in d e p e n d e n c e a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y th a n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l a s e v id e n c e d b y th e f o l l o w i n g : W o r k r e q u i r e s h ig h d e g r e e o f s t e n o g r a p h ic s p e e d a n d a c c u r a c y ; a n d a t h o r o u g h w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s i n e s s a n d o f f i c e p r o c e d u r e s a n d o f th e s p e c i f i c b u s i n e s s o p e r a t i o n s , o r g a n iz a t io n , p o l i c i e s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o r k flo w , e t c . U s e s t h is k n o w le d g e in p e r f o r m i n g s t e n o g r a p h ic d u t ie s a n d r e s p o n s i b l e c l e r i c a l t a s k s s u c h a s , m a in t a in in g f o l lo w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b l i n g m a t e r i a l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d u m s , l e t t e r s , e t c . ; c o m p o s i n g s i m p l e l e t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l i n s t r u c t i o n s ; r e a d i n g a n d r o u t in g in c o m in g m a i l ; a n d a n s w e r i n g r o u t in e q u e s t io n s , e t c . D o e s n o t in c lu d e t r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e w o r k . S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R C l a s s A . O p e r a t e s a s i n g l e - o r m u l t i p l e - p o s i t i o n t e le p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d h a n d lin g i n c o m in g , o u t g o in g , in t r a p la n t o r o f f i c e c a l l s . P e r f o r m s f u l l t e le p h o n e i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e o r h a n d le s c o m p l e x c a l l s , s u c h a s c o n f e r e n c e , c o l l e c t , o v e r s e a s , o r s i m i l a r c a l l s , e i t h e r in a d d i t io n t o d o in g r o u t in e w o r k a s d e s c r i b e d f o r s w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r , c l a s s B , o r a s a f u l l - t i m e a s s i g n m e n t . ( " F u l l " t e le p h o n e i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e o c c u r s w h e n th e e s t a b l is h m e n t h a s v a r i e d f u n c t io n s th a t a r e n o t r e a d i l y u n d e r s t a n d a b le f o r t e le p h o n e in f o r m a t i o n p u r p o s e s , e . g . , b e c a u s e o f o v e r l a p p i n g o r i n t e r r e l a t e d f u n c t io n s , a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y p r e s e n t fr e q u e n t p r o b l e m s a s t o w h ic h e x t e n s io n s a r e a p p r o p r i a t e f o r c a l l s . ) C l a s s B . O p e r a t e s a s i n g l e - o r m u l t i p l e - p o s i t i o n t e le p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d h a n d lin g i n c o m in g , o u t g o in g , in t r a p la n t o r o f f i c e c a l l s . M a y h a n d le r o u t in e lo n g d i s t a n c e c a l l s a n d r e c o r d t o l l s . M a y p e r f o r m l i m i t e d t e le p h o n e in f o r m a t io n s e r v i c e . ( " L i m i t e d " t e le p h o n e in f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e o c c u r s i f t h e fu n c t io n s o f th e e s t a b l is h m e n t s e r v i c e d a r e r e a d i l y u n d e r s t a n d a b le f o r t e le p h o n e in f o r m a t i o n p u r p o s e s , o r i f th e r e q u e s t s a r e r o u t i n e , e . g . , g iv in g e x t e n s i o n n u m b e r s w h e n s p e c i f i c n a m e s a r e f u r n is h e d , o r i f c o m p l e x c a l l s a r e r e f e r r e d t o a n o t h e r o p e r a t o r . ) 24 S W I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T I O N I S T TABU LA TIN G -M ACH IN E In a d d i t i o n t o p e r f o r m i n g d u t i e s o f o p e r a t o r o n a s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n o r m o n i t o r - t y p e s w i t c h b o a r d , a c t s a s r e c e p t i o n i s t and m a y a l s o t y p e o r p e r f o r m r o u t i n e c l e r i c a l w o r k a s p a r t o f r e g u l a r duties. T h i s t y p i n g o r c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y t a ke the m a j o r p a r t o f this w o r k e r ' s t i m e w h i l e at sw itchboard. O P E R A T O R — Continued Class C . O p e r a t e s s i m p l e ta b u l a t i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s su c h a s the s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c i n g p u n ch , c o l l a t o r , e t c . , w it h s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s . M a y in cl u d e s i m p l e w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and s o m e f i li n g w o r k . The w o rk ty p ica lly in volves portions of a w o rk uni t, f o r e x a m p l e , i n d iv i d u a l s o r t i n g o r c o l l a t i n g ru n s o r r e p e t i t i v e o p e r a t i o n s . T R AN SCRIBIN G -M ACH IN E O P E R A T O R , T A B U L A T I N G -M A C H I N E GENERAL OPERATOR Class A . O p e r a te s a v a r ie t y of tabulating o r e l e c t r i c a l a ccou n tin g m a c h in e s , t y p ica lly in c l u d i n g su c h m a c h i n e s a s the t a b u l a t o r , ca lcu la tor, i n t e r p r e t e r , c o l l a t o r , and o t h e r s . P e r f o r m s c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s w i t h o u t c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n , and p e r f o r m s d i f f i c u l t w ir in g as r e q u ire d . T h e c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g an d t a b u l a t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y in v o l v e a v a r i e t y o f lo n g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s w h i c h o f t e n a r e o f i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r i n g t y p e r e q u i r i n g s o m e pl a n n in g an d s e q u e n c i n g o f s t e p s to b e t a k e n . A s a m o r e e x p e r i e n c e d o p e r a t o r , is t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e d in t r a i n i n g n e w o p e r a t o r s in m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t i a l l y t r a i n e d o p e r a t o r s in w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and o p e r a t i n g s e q u e n c e s o f lo n g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s . D o e s not in c lu d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s p e r f o r m i n g t a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s and d a y - t o d a y s u p e r v i s i o n o f th e w o r k and p r o d u c t i o n o f a g r o u p o f t a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s . C l a s s B . O p e r a t e s m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a b u l a t i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s s u c h a s the t a b u l a t o r and c a l c u l a t o r , in a d d i t i o n to the s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c e r , and c o l l a t o r . T h i s w o r k is p e r f o r m e d u n d e r s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s and m a y in c l u d e th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f s o m e w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s . The w o r k ty p ica lly in v o lv e s , fo r e x a m p le , tabulations in v o l v i n g a r e p e t i t i v e a c c o u n t i n g e x e r c i s e , a c o m p l e t e but s m a l l t a b u l a t i n g st u d y , o r p a r t s o f a l o n g e r and m o r e c o m p l e x r e p o r t . S u ch r e p o r t s and s t u d i e s a r e u s u a l l y o f a r e c u r r i n g n a t u r e w h e r e the p r o ced u re s are w e ll establish ed. M a y a l s o i n c l u d e the t r a i n i n g o f n ew e m p l o y e e s in the b a s i c o p e r a t i o n o f the m a c h i n e . P R O F E S S IO N A L P r i m a r y du ty is t o t r a n s c r i b e d i c t a t i o n i n v o l v i n g a n o r m a l ro u t i n e v o c a b u l a r y f r o m tra nscribing-m achine re c o rd s. M a y a l s o t y p e f r o m w r i t t e n c o p y and d o s i m p l e c l e r i c a l w o r k . W o r k e r s t r a n s c r i b i n g d i c t a t i o n in v o l v i n g a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u c h a s le g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s o n s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h a r e not i n c l u d e d . A w o r k e r w h o t a k e s d i c t a t i o n in s h o r t han d o r b y S t e n o t y p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h i n e is c l a s s i f i e d as a s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l . TYPIST U s e s a t y p e w r i t e r to m a k e c o p i e s o f v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l o r to m a k e out b i l l s a f t e r c a l c u l a t io n s h a ve b e e n m a d e b y a n o t h e r p e r s o n . M ay include typing of s t e n c ils , m a ts , or s im ila r m a te r i a l s f o r u s e in d u p l i c a t i n g p r o c e s s e s . M a y d o c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o l v i n g lit t le s p e c i a l t r a i n i n g , su c h a s k e e p i n g s i m p l e r e c o r d s , f i l i n g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r t i n g and d i s t r i b u t i n g i n c o m i n g m a i l . Class A . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : T y p i n g m a t e r i a l in fi na l f o r m w h e n it in volves com b in in g m a te r ia l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s or r e s p o n s ib ility for c o r r e c t spelling, s y l l a b i c a t i o n , p u n c t u a t io n , e t c . , o f t e c h n i c a l o r un us ua l w o r d s o r f o r e i g n la n g u a g e m a t e r i a l ; and p l a n n in g la y o u t and t y p i n g o f c o m p l i c a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l t a b l e s t o m a i n t a i n u n i f o r m i t y and b a l a n c e in s p a c i n g . M a y t y p e r o u t i n e f o r m l e t t e r s v a r y i n g d e t a i l s to sui t c i r c u m s t a n c e s . C l a s s B . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : C o p y ty p i n g f r o m r o u g h o r c l e a r d r a f t s ; r o u t i n e t y p i n g o f f o r m s , i n s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c . ; and se t t i n g up s i m p l e s t a n d a r d t a b u l a t i o n s , o r c o p y i n g m o r e c o m p l e x t a b l e s a l r e a d y s e t u p and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y . AND T E C H N IC A L COM PU TER O PERATO R COM PU TER PROGRAM ER, M o n i t o r s a n d o p e r a t e s th e c o n t r o l c o n s o l e o f a d i g it a l c o m p u t e r t o p r o c e s s d a ta a c c o r d i n g to o p e r a t i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s , u s u a l ly p r e p a r e d b y a p r o g r a m e r . W o r k in c lu d e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : S t u d ie s i n s t r u c t i o n s t o d e t e r m i n e e q u ip m e n t s e t u p a n d o p e r a t i o n s ; lo a d s e q u ip m e n t w ith r e q u i r e d i t e m s (t a p e r e e l s , c a r d s , e t c . ) ; s w i t c h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x i l i a r y e q u ip m e n t in to c i r c u i t , a n d s t a r t s and o p e r a t e s c o m p u t e r ; m a k e s a d ju s t m e n t s t o c o m p u t e r t o c o r r e c t o p e r a t i n g p r o b l e m s a n d m e e t s p e c i a l c o n d i t i o n s ; r e v i e w s e r r o r s m a d e d u r in g o p e r a t i o n a n d d e t e r m i n e s c a u s e o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m t o s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m e r ; a n d m a in t a in s o p e r a t i n g r e c o r d s . M a y t e s t a n d a s s i s t in c o r r e c t i n g p rog ra m . C o n v e r t s s t a t e m e n t s o f b u s i n e s s p r o b l e m s , t y p i c a l l y p r e p a r e d b y a s y s t e m s a n a l y s t , in to a s e q u e n c e o f d e t a il e d i n s t r u c t i o n s w h ic h a r e r e q u i r e d t o s o l v e th e p r o b l e m s b y a u t o m a t ic da ta p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t . W o r k in g f r o m c h a r t s o r d i a g r a m s , th e p r o g r a m e r d e v e l o p s th e p r e c i s e i n s t r u c t io n s w h ic h , w h e n e n t e r e d in to th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in c o d e d la n g u a g e , c a u s e th e m a n ip u la t i o n o f d a ta t o a ch i-e v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : A p p l ie s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u te r c a p a b ilit ie s , m a th e m a t ic s , lo g ic e m p lo y e d b y c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t ic u la r s u b je c t m a tte r i n v o l v e d t o a n a l y z e c h a r t s a n d d i a g r a m s o f th e p r o b l e m t o b e p r o g r a m e d . D e v e lo p s se q u e n ce o f p r o g r a m s t e p s , w r i t e s d e t a il e d f l o w c h a r t s t o s h o w o r d e r in w h ic h d a ta w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r t s t h e s e c h a r t s t o c o d e d i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r m a c h in e t o f o l l o w ; t e s t s a n d c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l d u r in g p r o d u c t i o n ru n ; a n a l y z e s , r e v i e w s , a n d a l t e r s p r o g r a m s t o i n c r e a s e o p e r a t i n g e f f i c i e n c y o r a d a p t t o n e w r e q u i r e m e n t s ; m a in t a in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e l o p m e n t a n d r e v i s i o n s . (N O T E ; W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o t h s y s t e m s a n a l y s is a n d p r o g r a m in g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s i f t h is is th e s k i l l u s e d t o d e t e r m in e t h e ir p a y .) F o r w age stu d y p u r p o s e s , com p u ter op era tors a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s ; C l a s s A . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n t ly , o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ; N ew p r o g r a m s a r e f r e q u e n t l y t e s t e d and in t r o d u c e d ; s c h e d u l in g r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e o f c r i t i c a l i m p o r t a n c e t o m i n i m i z e d o w n t im e ; the p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p l e x d e s ig n s o th a t id e n t i f i c a t i o n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o ft e n r e q u i r e s a w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f th e t o t a l p r o g r a m , a n d a lt e r n a t e p r o g r a m s m a y n o t b e a v a il a b l e . M a y g iv e d i r e c t i o n and g u id a n c e t o l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . C l a s s B . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n t ly , o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e fo l lo w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ; M o s t o f th e p r o g r a m s a r e e s t a b l is h e d p r o d u c t io n r u n s , t y p i c a l l y ru n on a r e g u l a r l y r e c u r r i n g b a s i s ; t h e r e i s li t t le o r n o t e s t in g o f n e w p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d ; a lt e r n a t e p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v i d e d in c a s e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m n e e d s m a j o r c h a n g e o r c a n n o t b e c o r r e c t e d w it h in a r e a s o n a b l e t i m e . In c o m m o n e r r o r s i t u a t i o n s , d i a g n o s e s c a u s e a n d t a k e s c o r r e c t i v e a c t io n . T h is u s u a l ly i n v o l v e s a p p ly in g p r e v i o u s l y p r o g r a m e d c o r r e c t i v e s t e p s , o r u s in g s t a n d a r d c o r r e c t i o n t e c h n i q u e s . B U S IN E S S D o e s n o t in c lu d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g ( E D P ) e m p l o y e e s , o r p r o g r a m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c a n d / o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b l e m s . F o r w age stu d y p u r p o s e s , program ers a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s ; C l a s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t ly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h ic h r e q u i r e c o m p e t e n c e in a l l p h a s e s o f p r o g r a m i n g c o n c e p t s a n d p r a c t i c e s . W o r k in g f r o m d i a g r a m s a n d c h a r t s w h ic h i d e n t if y th e n a t u r e o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g s t e p s t o b e a c c o m p l i s h e d , a n d th e r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n v a r i o u s s t e p s o f th e p r o b l e m s o l v i n g r o u t i n e ; p la n s th e f u l l r a n g e o f p r o g r a m i n g a c t io n s n e e d e d t o e f f i c i e n t l y u t i l i z e th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in a c h i e v i n g d e s i r e d e n d p r o d u c t s . OR O p e r a t e s u n d e r d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n t s o f p r o g r a m s w ith th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A . M a y a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r b y in d e p e n d e n t ly p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i f f i c u l t t a s k s a s s i g n e d , a n d p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t t a s k s f o l lo w i n g d e t a il e d i n s t r u c t io n s a n d w it h f r e q u e n t r e v i e w o f o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d . C l a s s C . W o r k s o n r o u t in e p r o g r a m s u n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n . Is e x p e c t e d t o d e v e l o p w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f th e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t u s e d a n d a b i li t y t o d e t e c t p r o b l e m s i n v o l v e d in ru n n in g r o u t in e p r o g r a m s . U s u a lly h a s r e c e i v e d s o m e f o r m a l t r a in in g in c o m p u t e r o p e r a t i o n . M a y a s s i s t h i g h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . A t t h is l e v e l , p r o g r a m i n g i s d i f f i c u l t b e c a u s e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t m u s t b e o r g a n i z e d t o p r o d u c e s e v e r a l i n t e r r e l a t e d b u t d i v e r s e p r o d u c t s f r o m n u m e r o u s a n d d i v e r s e d a ta e le m e n t s . A w id e v a r i e t y a n d e x t e n s iv e n u m b e r o f in t e r n a l p r o c e s s i n g a c t i o n s m u s t o c c u r . T h is r e q u i r e s s u c h a c t io n s a s d e v e l o p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a t i o n s w h ic h c a n b e r e u s e d , e s t a b l is h m e n t o f lin k a g e p o i n t s b e t w e e n o p e r a t i o n s , a d ju s t m e n t s t o d a ta w h e n p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s e x c e e d c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y , a n d s u b s t a n t ia l m a n ip u la t io n a n d r e s e q u e n c in g o f d a ta e le m e n t s t o f o r m a h ig h ly in t e g r a t e d p r o g r a m . M a y p r o v i d e fu n c t io n a l d i r e c t i o n t o l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m e r s w h o a r e a s s i g n e d t o a s s i s t . 25 COMPUTER PROGRAM ER, BU SIN ESS — C o n t i n u e d C O M PU TE R SYSTEMS AN ALYST, Class B . W o r k s i n d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e p r o g r a m s , o r on s i m p l e s e g m e n t s o f c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s (o r seg m en ts) usually p r o c e s s i n f o r m a t i o n to p r o d u c e da ta in t w o o r t h r e e v a r i e d s e q u e n c e s o r f o r m a t s . R e p o r t s and l i s t i n g s a r e p r o d u c e d b y r e f i n i n g , a d a p t in g , a r r a y i n g , o r m a k i n g m i n o r a d d i t i o n s to o r d e l e t i o n s f r o m in put da ta w h i c h a r e r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e . W h i le n u m e r o u s r e c o r d s m a y b e p r o c e s s e d , the da ta h a ve b e e n r e f i n e d in p r i o r a c t i o n s s o that the a c c u r a c y and s e q u e n c i n g o f dat a c a n b e t e s t e d b y u si n g a f e w r o u t i n e c h e c k s . T y p i c a l l y , the p r o g r a m d e a l s with routine r e c o r d - k e e p i n g type op e r a tio n s. OR W o r k s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p l e x dat a p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m , a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A. W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t l y o n r o u t i n e a s s i g n m e n t s an d r e c e i v e s i n s t r u c t i o n and g u i d a n c e on c o m p l e x a s s i g n m e n t s . W o r k is r e v i e w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f j u d g m e n t , c o m p l i a n c e w it h i n s t r u c t i o n s , and to i n s u r e p r o p e r a l i n e m e n t w ith the o v e r a l l s y s t e m . OR C l a s s C . W o r k s u n d e r i m m e d i a t e s u p e r v i s i o n , c a r r y i n g out a n a l y s e s a s a s s i g n e d , u s u a l ly of a sing le a ctivity. A s s i g n m e n t s a r e d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p and ex p a n d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e in the a p p l i c a t i o n o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k i l l s r e q u i r e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s w o r k . F o r e x a m p l e , m a y a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l s y s t e m s a n a l y s t b y p r e p a r i n g the d e t a i l e d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u i r e d b y p r o g r a m e r s f r o m i n f o r m a t i o n d e v e l o p e d b y the h i g h e r l e v e l a n a l y s t . W o r k s o n c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s (a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A) u n d e r c l o s e d i r e c t i o n o f a h i g h e r level p r o g ra m e r or sup ervisor. M a y a s s i s t higher le v e l p r o g r a m e r b y in dependently p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i f f i c u l t t a s k s a s s i g n e d , a nd p e r f o r m i n g m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a s k s u n d e r f a i r l y c l o s e direction. M a y g u id e o r in struct lo w e r level p ro g ra m e r s. DRAFTSMAN Class C . M a k e s p r a c t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s o f p r o g r a m i n g p r a c t i c e s and c o n c e p t s u s u a l l y l e a r n e d in f o r m a l t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s . A s s i g n m e n t s a r e d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p c o m p e t e n c e in the a p p l i c a t i o n o f s t a n d a r d p r o c e d u r e s to r o u t i n e p r o b l e m s . R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n on n ew a s p e c t s o f a s s i g n m e n t s ; and w o r k is r e v i e w e d to v e r i f y it s a c c u r a c y and c o n f o r m a n c e with required procedures. COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, Class A . P l a n s the g r a p h i c p r e s e n t a t i o n o f c o m p l e x i t e m s h a v i n g d i s t i n c t i v e d e s i g n f e a t u r e s that d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m e s t a b l i s h e d d r a f t i n g p r e c e d e n t s . W o r k s in c l o s e s u p p o r t w it h the d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r , and m a y r e c o m m e n d m i n o r d e s i g n c h a n g e s . A n a l y z e s the e f f e c t o f e a c h c h a n g e on the d e t a i l s o f f o r m , fu n c t i o n , and p o s i t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c o m p o n e n t s and p a r t s . W o r k s w it h a m i n i m u m o f s u p e r v i s o r y a s s i s t a n c e . C o m p l e t e d w o r k is r e v i e w e d b y d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g i n e e r i n g d e t e r m i n a t i o n s . May either p r e p a r e draw in gs, o r d ire c t their p r ep a ra tion by lo w e r lev el draftsm en . BU S IN ES S C l a s s B . P e r f o r m s n o n r o u t i n e and c o m p l e x d r a f t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s that r e q u i r e the a p p l i c a t i o n o f m o s t o f the s t a n d a r d i z e d d r a w i n g t e c h n i q u e s r e g u l a r l y u s e d . D uties ty p ic a lly i n v olv e such w o r k as: P r e p a r e s w o r k i n g d r a w i n g s o f s u b a s s e m b l i e s w ith i r r e g u l a r s h a p e s , m u l t i p l e f u n c t i o n s , and p r e c i s e p o s i t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n c o m p o n e n t s ; p r e p a r e s a r c h i t e c t u r a l d r a w i n g s f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a b u il d i n g in c l u d i n g d e t a i l d r a w i n g s o f f o u n d a t i o n s , w a l l s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p l a n s , and r o o f . U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u l a s and m a n u a l s in m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y c o m p u t a t i o n s t o d e t e r m i n e q u a n t i t i e s o f m a t e r i a l s to b e u s e d , l o a d c a p a c i t i e s , s t r e n g t h s , s t r e s s e s , etc. R e c e i v e s i n it ia l i n s t r u c t i o n s , r e q u i r e m e n t s , and a d v i c e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r . C o m p le te d w o r k is c h e c k e d fo r te ch n ica l adequacy. A n a l y z e s b u s i n e s s p r o b l e m s to f o r m u l a t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o l v i n g t h e m b y u s e o f e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g e q u i p m e n t . D e v e l o p s a c o m p l e t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a l l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s n e e d e d to e n a b l e p r o g r a m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u i r e d d i g i t a l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g ; A n a l y z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a t i o n s to b e a u t o m a t e d and i d e n t i f i e s c o n d i t i o n s and c r i t e r i a r e q u i r e d to a c h i e v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b e r and t y p e s o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , an d d o c u m e n t s to b e u s e d ; o u t l i n e s a c t i o n s to b e p e r f o r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u t e r s in s u f f i c i e n t d e t a i l f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m i n g ( t y p i c a l l y t h is i n v o l v e s p r e p a r a t i o n o f w o r k and data f l o w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d i n a t e s the d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b l e m s and p a r t i c i p a t e s in t r i a l ru n s o f n ew and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s e q u i p m e n t c h a n g e s to o b t a i n m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a t i o n s . ( N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o t h s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s and p r o g r a m i n g s h o u l d b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s if th is is the s k i l l u s e d to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r p a y .) C l a s s C . P r e p a r e s d e t a i l d r a w i n g s o f s i n g l e un it s o r p a r t s f o r e n g i n e e r i n g , c o n s t r u c t i o n , m a n u fa ctu rin g , or re p a i r p u r p o s e s . T y p e s of draw in gs p r e p a r e d include i s o m e t r i c p r o je c t io n s ( d e p i c t i n g t h r e e d i m i n s i o n s in a c c u r a t e s c a l e ) and s e c t i o n a l v i e w s to c l a r i f y p o s i t i o n i n g of c o m p o n e n t s and c o n v e y n e e d e d i n f o r m a t i o n . C o n s o l i d a t e s d e t a i l s f r o m a n u m b e r o f s o u r c e s and a d j u s t s o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a l e a s r e q u i r e d . Suggested m eth ods of a p p roach , applicable p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v i c e on s o u r c e m a t e r i a l s a r e g i v e n w ith in it ia l a s s i g n m e n t s . I n s t r u c t i o n s a re le s s co m p le t e when a ssign m e n ts r e c u r. W o rk m a y be s p o t - c h e c k e d during p r o g r e s s . D o e s not i n c l u d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g ( E D P ) e m p l o y e e s , o r s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d with scien tific or en gin eerin g p r o b le m s . For wage st u d y p u r p o s e s , system s analysts are classified as follow s: D R A F T S M A N -T R A C E R Class A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s i n v o l v i n g a ll p h a s e s o f s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s . P r o b l e m s a r e c o m p l e x b e c a u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s o f in put da ta and m u l t i p l e - u s e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f out pu t da ta. ( F o r e x a m p l e , d e v e l o p s an i n t e g r a t e d p r o d u c t i o n s c h e d u l i n g , i n v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , c o s t a n a l y s i s , and s a l e s a n a l y s i s r e c o r d in w h i c h e v e r y i t e m o f e a c h t y pe is a u t o m a t i c a l l y p r o c e s s e d t h r o u g h the f u l l s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r i a t e f o l l o w u p a c t i o n s a r e i n it ia t e d b y the c o m p u t e r . ) C o n f e r s w it h p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the da ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the i m p l i c a t i o n s o f n e w o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f da t a p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t i o n s . Makes r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , if n e e d e d , f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s i n s t a l l a t i o n s o r c h a n g e s and f o r obtaining equipm ent. May provide assist. functiona l direction to lo w e r lev el system s analysts who a re assigned to Class B . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o n p r o b l e m s that a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p l i c a t e d to a n a l y z e , p l a n , p r o g r a m , and o p e r a t e . P r o b l e m s a r e o f l i m i t e d c o m p l e x i t y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f in put da ta a r e h o m o g e n e o u s and the out pu t da ta a r e c l o s e l y related. ( F o r e x a m p l e , d e v e l o p s s y s t e m s f o r m a i n t a i n i n g d e p o s i t o r a c c o u n t s in a b an k , M A IN T E N A N C E CARPENTER, C o p i e s p l a n s and d r a w i n g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s b y p l a c i n g t r a c i n g c l o t h o r p a p e r o v e r d r a w i n g s and t r a c i n g w it h p e n o r p e n c i l . ( D o e s no t i n c l u d e t r a c i n g l i m i t e d to p l a n s p r i m a r i l y c o n s i s t i n g o f s t r a i g h t l i n e s and a l a r g e s c a l e no t r e q u i r i n g c l o s e d e l i n e a t i o n . ) and/or P r e p a r e s sim ple during p r o g r e s s . NURSE, M A IN TENAN CE or repetitive INDUSTRIAL drawings of e asily visu alized item s. W ork is closely su pervised (R EGIST ERE D) A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e w h o g i v e s n u r s i n g s e r v i c e u n d e r g e n e r a l m e d i c a l d i r e c t i o n to i l l o r i n j u r e d e m p l o y e e s o r o t h e r p e r s o n s w h o b e c o m e i l l o r s u f f e r an a c c i d e n t on the p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t . D u t i e s i n v o l v e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g : G i v i n g f i r s t aid t o the i l l o r i n j u r e d ; a t te n di n g t o s u b s e q u e n t d r e s s i n g o f e m p l o y e e s ' i n j u r i e s ; k e e p i n g r e c o r d s o f p a t i e n t s t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r i n g a c c i d e n t r e p o r t s f o r c o m p e n s a t i o n o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t i n g in p h y s i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s and h e a lt h e v a l u a t i o n s o f a p p l i c a n t s and e m p l o y e e s ; and p l a n n in g a nd c a r r y ing out p r o g r a m s i n v o l v i n g h e a lt h e d u c a t i o n , a c c i d e n t p r e v e n t i o n , e v a l u a t i o n o f pl a n t e n v i r o n m e n t , o r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s a f f e c t i n g the h e a lt h , w e l f a r e , and s a f e t y o f a ll p e r s o n n e l . Afs D P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n t r y d u t i e s n e c e s s a r y to c o n s t r u c t and m a i n t a i n in g o o d r e p a i r b u i l d i n g w o o d w o r k and e q u i p m e n t s u c h a s b i n s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s , b e n c h e s , p a r t i t i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s i n g s , and t r i m m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P l a n n i n g and l a y i n g ou t o f w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l i n s t r u c t i o n s u s i n g a v a r i e t y BU SIN ESS — C o n t i n u e d m a i n t a i n i n g a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e in a r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t , o r m a i n t a i n i n g i n v e n t o r y a c c o u n t s in a m a n u f a c t u r i n g o r w h o l e s a l e e s t a b l i s h m e n t . ) C o n f e r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the data p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the i m p l i c a t i o n s o f the da ta p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m s to b e a p p l ie d . PO W ER PLA N T CARPENTER, M A I N T E N A N C E ---- C o n t i n u e d o f c a r p e n t e r ' s h a n d t o o l s , p o r t a b l e p o w e r t o o l s , and s t a n d a r d m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k ; and s e l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l s n e c e s s a r y f o r th e w o r k . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . 26 ELECTRICIAN, M A IN T EN AN CE P e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e f u n c t i o n s s u c h a s the in sta lla tio n. , m a i n t e n a n c e , o r r e p a i r o f e q u i p m e n t f o r the g e n e r a t i o n , d i s t r i b u t i o n , o r u t i l i z a t i o n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an establishm ent. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : I n s t a l l i n g o r r e p a i r i n g a ny o f a v a r i e t y o f e le c t r i c a l equipment such as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w itc h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s , cir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , he a t in g u n i t s , co n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o t h e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u i p m e n t ; w o r k i n g f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , l a y o u t s , o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; l o c a t i n g and d i a g n o s i n g t r o u b l e in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u i p m e n t ; w o r k i n g s t a n d a r d c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o lo a d r e q u i r e m e n t s o f w i r i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t ; and u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n * s h a n d t o o l s and m e a s u r i n g and t e s t i n g i n s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n ing and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and experience. ENGINEER, STATIO N ARY O p e r a t e s and m a i n t a i n s and m a y a l s o s u p e r v i s e the o p e r a t i o n o f s t a t i o n a r y e n g i n e s and e q u i p m e n t ( m e c h a n i c a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) t o s u p p l y the e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h i c h e m p l o y e d w it h p o w e r , heat, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a ir - c o n d it i o n in g . W o rk in v o lv e s : O p e r a t i n g and m a i n t a i n i n g e q u i p m e n t s u c h a s s t e a m e n g i n e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b i n e s , v e n t i l a t i n g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g e q u i p m e n t , s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r p u m p s ; m a k i n g e q u i p m e n t r e p a i r s ; and k e e p i n g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t i o n o f m a c h i n e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , and fu e l c o n s u m p t i o n . M ay a lso su per v ise these operation s. H e a d o r c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one engineer are e x clu d e d . F IREM AN , STATIO N ARY BOILER F i r e s s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r s to f u r n i s h the e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h i c h e m p l o y e d w it h h e a t , p o w e r , or steam. F e e d s f u e l s to f i r e b y han d o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n i c a l s t o k e r , o r g a s o r o i l b u r n e r ; and c h e c k s w a t e r and s a f e t y v a l v e s . M a y c l e a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m e q u i p m e n t . HELPER, M A IN TENAN CE TRADES A s s i s t s o n e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s , b y p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l d u t i e s o f l e s s e r s k i l l , s u c h as k e e p i n g a w o r k e r s u p p l i e d w it h m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s ; c l e a n i n g . w o r k i n g a r e a , m a c h i n e , and e q u i p m e n t ; a s s i s t i n g j o u r n e y m a n b y h o l d in g m a t e r i a l s o r t o o l s ; and p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r u n s k i l l e d t a s k s a s d i r e c t e d b y j o u r n e y m a n . T h e ki nd o f w o r k the h e l p e r is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e to t r a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s the h e l p e r is c o n f i n e d to s u p p l y i n g , l i ft i n g , and h o l d i n g m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s and c l e a n i n g w o r k i n g a r e a s ; and in o t h e r s he is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e that a r e a lso p e r fo rm e d by w o rk e r s on a fu ll-tim e basis. M A C H IN E -TOO L O PE R A T O R , TOOLROOM S p e c i a l i z e s in the o p e r a t i o n o f o n e o r m o r e t y p e s o f m a c h i n e t o o l s , s u c h a s j i g b o r e r s , c y l i n d r i c a l o r s u r f a c e g r i n d e r s , e n g in e l a t h e s , o r m i l l i n g m a c h i n e s , in th e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f m ach in e-sh op tools, gages, jig s , fixtu res, or dies. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n ning and p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t m a c h i n i n g o p e r a t i o n s ; p r o c e s s i n g i t e m s r e q u i r i n g c o m p l i c a t e d s e t u p s o r a high d e g r e e of a c c u r a c y ; using a v a r ie t y of p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in stru m e n ts; se le ct in g fe e d s , s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t i o n s e q u e n c e ; and m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s d u r i n g o p e r a t i o n to achieve requisite to le ra n ce s or dim en sion s. M a y be r e q u i r e d t o r e c o g n i z e w h e n t o o l s n e e d d r e s s in g, to d r e s s t o o l s , an d to s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o l a n t s and c ut t in g and l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s . F o r c r o s s i n d u s t r y w a g e st u d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m , in t o o l and d i e j o b b i n g s h o p s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m t hi s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . M ACHINIST, M A IN TENAN CE P r o d u c e s r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t s and ne w p a r t s in m a k i n g r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : Interp reting w r i t t e n i n s t r u c t i o n s and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; p l a n n in g and l a y i n g out o f w o r k ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n i s t ' s h a n d t o o l s and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; s e t t i n g up and o p e r a t i n g s t a n d a r d m a c h i n e t o o l s ; s h a p i n g o f m e t a l p a r t s to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k , t o o l i n g , f e e d s , and s p e e d s o f m a c h i n i n g ; k n o w l e d g e o f the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f the c o m m o n m e t a l s ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d a r d m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , and e q u i p m e n t r e q u i r e d f o r hi s w o r k ; and fi t t in g and a s s e m b l i n g p a r t s into m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t . In g e n e r a l , the m a c h i n i s t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M ECHANIC, AU TOM OTIVE (M A IN T E N A N C E ) R e p a i r s a u t o m o b i l e s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W ork in v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m i n i n g a u t o m o t i v e e q u i p m e n t to d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s a s s e m b l i n g e q u i p m e n t and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that i n v o l v e th e u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o l s as w r e n c h e s , g a g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u i p m e n t in d i s a s s e m b l i n g o r fi t t in g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r i n d i n g and a d j u s t i n g v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g and i n s t a l li n g MECHANIC, AU TOM OTIVE (M A IN T E N A N C E )— Continued the v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s in the v e h i c l e and m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s ; and a lin in g w h e e l s , a d j u s t i n g b r a k e s and l i g h t s , o r t ig h t e n i n g b o d y b o l t s . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the a u t o m o t i v e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M ECHANIC, M A IN TENAN CE R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W ork in volves m ost o f the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m i n i n g m a c h i n e s and m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t t o d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s m a n t l i n g o r p a r t l y d i s m a n t l i n g m a c h i n e s and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that m a i n l y i n v o l v e the u se o f h a n d t o o l s in s c r a p i n g and fi t t in g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s w ith i t e m s o b t a i n e d f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r i n g the p r o d u c t i o n of a r e p l a c e m e n t pa rt b y a m a c h i n e s h o p o r s e n d in g o f the m a c h i n e to a m a c h i n e s h o p f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r the p r o d u c t i o n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h i n e s h o p ; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h i n e s ; and m a k in g a ll n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s f o r o p e r a t i o n . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p or e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . E x c l u d e d f r o m t hi s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u t i e s i n v o l v e s e t t i n g up o r a d j u s t i n g m a c h i n e s . MILLW RIGHT I n s t a l l s new m a c h i n e s o r h e a v y e q u i p m e n t , and d i s m a n t l e s and i n s t a l l s m a c h i n e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w h e n c h a n g e s in the plant lay ou t a r e r e q u i r e d . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l 1o w i n g : P l a n n i n g and l a y i n g out o f the w o r k ; i n t e r p r e t i n g b l u e p r i n t s o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u si ng a v a r i e t y o f h a n d t o o l s and r i g g i n g ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to s t r e s s e s , s t r e n g t h o f m a t e r i a l s , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v i t y ; a l i n i n g and b a l a n c i n g o f e q u i p m e n t ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d a r d t o o l s , e q u i p m e n t , and p a r t s to b e u s e d ; and i n s t a l l i n g and m a in t a in i n g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u i p m e n t s u c h a s d r i v e s and s p e e d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l , the m i l l w r i g h t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e in the t r a d e a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . O ILER L u b r i c a t e s , w it h o i l o r e q u i p m e n t o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . PAINTER, grease, the m oving parts or w earing surfaces of m echanical M A IN TENAN CE P a i n t s and r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and f i x t u r e s o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W ork m v o l v e s the f o l l o w i n g : K n o w l e d g e o f s u r f a c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s and t y p e s o f paint r e q u i r e d f o r d i f f e r e n t a p p l i c a t i o n s ; p r e p a r i n g s u r f a c e f o r pa i n t in g b y r e m o v i n g o l d f i n i s h o r b y p l a c i n g putty o r f i l l e r in nail h o l e s and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and a p p l y i n g paint w it h s p r a y gun o r b r u s h . May m ix c o lo r s , oils, w h it e l e a d , and o t h e r paint i n g r e d i e n t s to o b t a i n p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s i s t e n c y . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e p a i n t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . P IP E F IT T E R , M A IN TENAN CE I n s t a l l s o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o t h e r t y p e s o f p i p e and p i p e f i t t i n g s in an establishm ent. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : L a y i n g out o f w o r k and m e a s u r i n g to l o c a t e p o s i t i o n o f pi p e f r o m d r a w i n g s o r o t h e r w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; c ut t in g v a r i o u s s i z e s o f pipe to c o r r e c t le n g t h s w it h c h i s e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y l e n e t o r c h o r p i p e - c u t t i n g m a c h i n e ; t h r e a d ing pi p e w it h s t o c k s and d i e s ; b e n d i n g pi p e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h i n e s ; a s s e m b l i n g p i p e w it h c o u p l i n g s and f a s t e n i n g pi p e to h a n g e r s ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s / r e l a t i n g to p r e s s u r e s , f l o w , and s i z e o f p i p e r e q u i r e d ; and m a k i n g s t a n d a r d t e s t s t o d e t e r m i n e r w h e t h e r finished pipes m eet s p e cific a tio n s. In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e p i p e f i t t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . W o r k e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in i n s t a l l i n g and r e p a i r i n g b u il d i n g s a n i t a t i o n o r h e a t in g s y s t e m s a r e e x c l u d e d . PLUMBER, M A IN T EN AN CE K e e p s the p l u m b i n g s y s t e m o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t in g o o d o r d e r . W o r k i n v o l v e s : K n o w l e d g e o f s a n i t a r y c o d e s r e g a r d i n g i n s t a l l a t i o n o f v e n t s and t r a p s in p l u m b i n g s y s t e m ; i n s t a l l i n g o r r e p a i r i n g p i p e s and f i x t u r e s ; and o p e n i n g c l o g g e d d r a i n s w it h a p l u n g e r o r p l u m b e r ' s s n a k e . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e p l u m b e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . SH E ET-M ETAL WORKER, M A IN TENAN CE F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , and m a i n t a i n s in g o o d r e p a i r the s h e e t - m e t a l e q u i p m e n t and f i x tu res (such as m a ch in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e pans, s h e lv e s , lo c k e r s , tanks, v en tila to r s , chu tes, du cts, m e t a l r o o f i n g ) o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P l a n n i n g and la y in g out a ll t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a i n t e n a n c e w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , m o d e l s , o.r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; s e t t i n g up and o p e r a t i n g a ll a v a i l a b l e t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k i n g m a c h i n e s ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f 27 SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE— Continued TOOL AND DIE MAKER— Continued handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; and installing sheetmetal a rticles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-m etal w orker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. using a variety of tool and die m aker's handtools and p recision measuring instruments; under standing of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equipment; making n ecessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heat-treating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close toleran ces; fitting and assem bling of parts to p rescribed tolerances and allow ances; and selecting appropriate m aterials, tools, and p ro ce s s e s. In general, the tool and die m aker's work requires a rounded training in m achine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER (Die m aker; jig m aker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) Constructs and repairs m achine-shop tools, gages, jig s , fixtures or dies for forgings, punching, and other m etal-form ing work. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; F or cro ss-in d u stry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. C U ST O D IA L AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT GUARD AND WATCHMAN Guard. P erform s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining ord er, using arm s or fo rce where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of em ployees and other persons entering. Watchman. Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property against fire , theft, and illegal entry. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK P repares m erchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming ship ments of m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping p rocedu res, p ra ctice s, routes, available means of transportation, and rate; and preparing r e c ords of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping ch arges, and keeping a file of shipping re co rd s. May direct or assist in preparing the m erchandise for ship ment. R eceiving work involves: V erifying or directing others in verifying the correctn ess of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other re co rd s; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper departments; and maintaining n e ce s sary record s and file s. (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) F or wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s: Cleans and keeps in an ord erly condition fa ctory working areas and washroom s, or prem ises of an office, apartment house, or com m ercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the follow ing: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing flo o rs; rem oving chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trim m ings; providing supplies and minor maintenance se rv ice s ; and cleaning lavatories, show e rs , and restroom s. W orkers who specialize in window washing are excluded. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING ( L o a d e r a n d u n l o a d e r ; h a n d le r a n d s t a c k e r ; s h e l v e r ; t r u c k e r ; s t o c k m a n o r s t o c k h e l p e r ; w a r e h o u s e m a n o r w a r e h o u s e h e lp e r) A w orker em ployed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or from freight ca rs, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelving, or placing m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage location; and transporting m aterials or m erchandise by handtruck, ca r, or wheelbarrow . Longshorem en, who load and unload ships are excluded. ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) F ills shipping or transfer ord ers for finished goods from stored m erchandise in a cco r d ance with specifications on sales slips, cu stom ers' ord ers, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling ord ers and indicating items filled or om itted, keep record s of outgoing ord e rs, requi sition additional stock or report short supplies to sup ervisor, and p erform other related duties. R eceiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKDRIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, m erchandise, equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishm ents, or between retail establishments and cu sto m e rs' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make m inor m echanical rep a irs, and keep truck in good working order. D riv e r-sa le sm e n and ov e r-th e -ro a d drivers are excluded. F o r wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type of equipment, as follow s: (T ra cto r-tra ile r should be rated on the basis of tra iler capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) T ru ckdriver, light (under lV2 tons) T ru ckdriver, medium (lV2 to and including 4 tons) T ru ckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) T ru ckd river, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler type) TRUCKER, POWER PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping con tainers, the sp ecific operations perform ed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or m ore of the follow ing; Knowl edge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; insertipg enclosures in container; using ex celsio r or other m aterial to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or e le ctric-p o w e re d truck or tra ctor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. F or wage study purposes, workers a.re cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s: T ru cker, power (forklift) T ru cker, power (other than forklift) A v a i l a b l e O n R e q u e s t ----- The tenth annual r e p o r t on s a l a r i e s f o r a c c o u n t a n t s , a u d i t o r s , attorneys, chem ists, engineers, engineering technicians , draftsm en, t r a c e r s , j o b a n a l y s ts , d i r e c t o r s of p e r s o n n e l , b u y e r s , and c l e r i c a l employee s . O r d e r as BLS Bu ll eti n 1654, National S u r v e y of P r o f e s s i o n a l , A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , T e c h n i c a l , and C l e r i c a l P a y , June 1969Seventy-five cents a c op y. A re a W a g e S u rv e ys A lis t of the la te s t a v a ila b le b u lle tin s is p r e s e n t e d b e lo w . A d i r e c t o r y o f a r e a w a g e s tu d ie s in clu d in g m o r e l i m i t e d s tu d ie s c o n d u c t e d at the r e q u e s t o f the W age and H ou r and P u b l i c C o n t r a c t s D i v i s i o n s o f the 'D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r is a v a ila b le on r e q u e s t . B u lle tin s m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m the Superin ten den t o f D o c u m e n t s , U.S. G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O f f i c e , W a s h in g t o n , D . C . , 20402, o r f r o m any o f the BLS r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s show n on the in sid e f r o n t c o v e r . Area A k r o n , O h i o , J u l y 1 9 6 9 * ------------------------- ------------------------------A l b a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y - T r o y , N . Y . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 ---------------------A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 1______________________ A l l e n t o w r r - B e t h l e h e m —E a s t o n , P a . —N . J . , M a y 1970 1— A t l a n t a , G a . , M a y 1970 1_____________________________________ B a l t i m o r e , M d . , A u g . 1 9 6 9 ____ - ___________ ______ __________ B e a u m o n t —P o r t A r t h u r —O r a n g e , T e x . , M a y 1 9 7 0 -------------B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . , J u l y 1 9 6 9 ------ ---------------------------------------B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 --------------------------------------------B o i s e C i t y , I d a h o , N o v . 1 9 6 9 ----------------------------------------------B o s t o n , M a s s . , A u g . 1 9 6 9 ------------------ ---------------------------------B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t . 1 9 6 9 _____________________________________ B u r l i n g t o n , V t . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 __________________________________ C a n t o n , O h i o , M a y 19 70 1.......................................- ....................... C h a r l e s t o n , W. V a . , A p r . 1970 1................................................. C h a r l o t t e , N . C . , M a r . 1 97 0 1 .......................................................... C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . - G a . , S e p t. 1 9 6 9 ----------------------------------C h i c a g o , 111., A p r . 1969 1 - _____ ___ __ ______________________ C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o —K y . —I n d . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 -------------_-- -—------ — C l e v e l a n d , O h i o , S e p t . 1 9 6 9 --------------------------------------------- -— C o l u m b u s , O h i o , O c t . 1 9 6 9 --------------------------------------------------D a l l a s , T e x . , O c t . 1 9 6 9 _____ - __- ----------------------- — ------------D a v e n p o r t —R o c k I s l a n d —M o l i n e , I o w a ^ I l l . , O c t . 19 69 1_________________________________________- ___________ D a y t o n , O h i o , D e c . 1 9 6 9 ____ ___ _____ ____________ _— --------D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1 96 9 1__________________________________ D e s M o i n e s , I o w a , M a y 19 70 1_____________________________ D e t r o i t , M i c h . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 ______________ ______ ____ _________ F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t . 1 9 6 9 -----------------------------------------------G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u l y 1 9 6 9 -------------------------------------------------G r e e n v i l l e , S . C . , M a y 1 9 7 0 --------------------------------------------------H o u s t o n , T e x . , A p r . 1 9 7 0 -----------------------------------------------------I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d ., O c t . 1 9 6 9 -----------------------------------------------J a c k s o n , M i s s . , J a n . 1 9 7 0 ___________________________________ J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 1 9 6 9 --------------------------------------------K a n s a s C i t y , M o . - K a n s . , S e p t . 1 9 6 9 ---------------------------------L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N . H . , J u n e 19 70 1-------------L i t t l e R o c k —N o r t h L i t t l e R o c k , A r k . , J u l y 1 9 6 9 ----------- L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h an d A n a h e i m —S a n ta A n a G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 ------------------------------------L o u i s v i l l e , K y . —I n d ., N o v . 19 69 1___________________________ L u b b o c k , T e x . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 1 _________________________________ M a n c h e s t e r , N . H . , J u l y 1 9 6 9 -----------------------------------------------M e m p h i s , T e n n . —A r k . , N o v . 19 69 1________________________ M i a m i , F l a . , N o v . 1 9 6 9 ______________________________________ M i d l a n d an d O d e s s a , T e x . , J a n . 1 9 7 0 1___________________ M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , M a y 19 70 1_______________________ - ______ M i n n e a p o l i s —St. P a u l , M i n n . , J a n . 1 9 7 0 1________________ B u lle tin n u m b e r and p r i c e 1625-89, 1660-51, 1660-55, 1660-83, 1660-7 6, 1 6 6 0 - 1 1, 1660-84, 1660-5, 1660-57, 1660-34, 1660-16, 1660-29, 1660-53, 1660-8 1, 1660-6 8, 1660-61, 1660-9, 1625-82, 1660-49, 1660-22, 1660-27, 1660-23, 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 35c e n t s 50 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 25 c e n t s 45 c e n t s 45cents 25 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 35c e n t s 40c e n ts 30 c e n t s 65 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 40 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 1660-20, 16 60-3 7, 1660-41, 1660-73, 1660-58, 1660-18, 16 60-8 , 1660-7 9, 1660-67, 1660-25, 16 60-3 9, 1660-35, 16 60-10, 1660-8 2, 1660-2, 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 40 c e n t s 35c e n t s 35c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 1 6 60-6 4, 1660-28, 1660-50, 16 60-3 , 1660-31, 1660-32, 1660-44, 1660-74, 16 60-4 6, 45 c e n t s 40 cen ts 35 c e n t s 30 c e n t s 40cents 30 c e n t s 35 c e n t s 50 c e n t s 50 c e n t s Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Area M u sk e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h . , June 1970 1 ______ N e w a r k and J e r s e y C ity, N . J . , Jan. 1 9 7 0 1 ______________ New H av e n , C o n n ., Jan. 1 9 7 0 1 ___________________________ New O r l e a n s , L a . , Jan. 1970_____________________________ New Y o r k , N . Y . , A p r . 1969_______________________________ N o r f o l k —P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o r t N ew s— H am pton, V a . , Jan. 1 9 7 0 1 ----------------------------------------------O k la h o m a C it y , O k l a . , J u ly 1969 1________________________ O m a h a , N e b r . —Iowa, Sept. 1969---------------------------------------P a t e r s o n —C lifto n —P a s s a i c , N .J ., M a y 1969-------------------P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . —N .J ., Nov. 1969 1 ______________________ P h o e n i x , A r i z . , M a r . 1970 1 ______________________________ P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , Jan. 1 9 7 0 1 ______________________________ P o r t l a n d , M a in e , Nov. 1969 1 _____________________________ P o r t l a n d , O r e g . —W a s h ., M a y 1970 1______________________ P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t —W a r w i c k , R.I.—M a s s . , M a y 1970-----------------------------------------------------------------------------R a le ig h , N . C . , Aug. 1969__________________________________ R i c h m o n d , V a . , M a r . 1970 1 _______________________________ R o c h e s t e r , N .Y . ( o f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s on ly), J u ly 1969----------------—----------------------------------------------------------R o c k f o r d , 111., M a y 1970 1________________________________ St. L o u i s , M o .—111., M a r . 1970____________________________ Salt Lake C ity, Utah, Nov. 1 9 6 9 * _______________________ San A n to n io , T e x . , M a y 1970--------------------------------------------San B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r s i d e —O n t a r io , C a lif . , D e c . 1 9 6 9 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------San D ie g o , C a l i f . , Nov. 1 9 6 9 1 ____________________________ San F r a n c i s c o —O akla nd, C a l i f . , O ct. 196 9 1 ____________ San J o s e , C a l i f . . Sept. 1969 1 _____________________________ Savan nah, G a . , M a y 1970 1 _______________________________ S c r a n to n , P a . , J u ly 1969---------------------------------------------------Sea ttle —E v e r e t t , W a s h ., Jan. 1970______________________ S io u x F a l l s , S. D ak., Sept. 1969-----------------------------------------South Ben d, Ind., M a r . 1970 1 ----------------------------------------------Sp okan e, W a s h ., June 1970 1 ______________________________ S y r a c u s e , N . Y . , J u ly 1969-------------------------------------------------T a m p a —St. P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . , Aug. 1969 *_______________ T o l e d o , O h io —M i c h . , F e b . 1970___________________________ T r e n t o n , N .J ., Sept. 1969--------------------------------------------------U t i c a ^ R o m e , N . Y ., J u ly 1969-------------------------------------------W a s h in g t o n , D .C .—M d.—V a . , Sept. 1 9 6 9 * ________________ W a t e r b u r y , C o n n ., M a r . 1970 1 ----------------------------------------W a t e r l o o , Iowa, Jan. 1970------------------------------------------------W ic h it a , K a n s . , A p r . 1970 1 --------------------------------------------W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , May 1970 1 ___________________________ Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------Y o u n g s to w n —W a r r e n , O h io , Nov. 1 9 6 9 1 _________________ B u lle tin n u m b e r and p r i c e 1660-85, 1660-47, 1660-40, 1660-42, 1625-88, 35c e n ts 50ce n ts 35ce n ts 30ce n ts 60 c e n ts 1660-59, 1660-17, 1660-12, 1625-87, 1660-48, 1660-70, 1660-60, 1660-26, 1660-77, 35ce n ts 35c e n ts 30c e n ts 35 c e n t s 60 ce n ts 35c e n ts 50c e n ts 35ce n ts 40 ce n ts 1660-72, 1660-6, 1660-65, 30 ce n ts 30c e n ts 40 ce n ts 1660-4, 1660-75, 1660-66, 1660-30, 1660-71, 30 c e n ts 35ce n ts 40 c e n ts 35 ce n ts 30c e n ts 1660-43, 1660-36, 1660-33, 1660-24, 1660-80, 1660-15, 1660-52, 1660-14, 1660-62, 1660-86, 1660-13, 1660-7, 1660-56, 1660-21, 1660-1, 1660-19, 1660-54, 1660-45, 1660-69, 1660-78, 1660-63, 1660-38, 30 ce n ts 35ce n ts 50 ce n ts 35c e n ts 35ce n ts 30c e n ts 30ce n ts 25 ce n ts 35 ce n ts 35 ce n ts 30ce n ts 35 ce n ts 30ce n ts 30 c e n ts 30c e n ts 50ce n ts 35ce n ts 30 ce n ts 35ce n ts 35ce n ts 35 ce n ts 35 ce n ts U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS W A S H IN G T O N , D .C . 20212 O F F I C I A L BUSINESS POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U. S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R FIRST CLASS MAIL