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1

IUSKEGON

Muskegon
\ * Mu s ke g q n H e i g h t s

AREA WAGE SURVEY
T h e

M

u s k e g o n —

M

u s k e g o n

H e i g h t s ,

M e t r o p o l i t a n

U. S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

A r e a ,

M i c h i g a n ,
J u n e

1 9 7 0

B u lle tin

1 6 6 0 -8 5

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

B U R E A U

O F

L A B O R

S T A T I S T I C S

R E G I O N A L

O F F I C E S

New York, N.Y. 10001
Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212)

1317 Filbert St.
Philadelphia, Pa. 19107
Phone: 597-7796 (Area Code 215)

1371 Peachtree St. NE.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309
Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404)

Region V
Region VI
219 South Dearborn St.
337 Mayflower Building
Chicago, III. 60604
411 North Akard St.
Phone: 353-7230 (Area Code 312)
Dallas, Tex. 75201
Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214)
* Regions VII and VIII will be serviced by Kansas City.
** Regions IX and X will be serviced by San Francisco.

Regions VII and VIII
Federal Office Building
911 Walnut St., 10th Floor
Kansas City, Mo. 64106
Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816)

Regions IX and X
450 Golden Gate Ave.
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102
Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415)

Government Center
Boston, Mass. 02203
Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617)




U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R




J. D. Hodgson, Secretary
BU REA U OF LABO R STA TISTIC S
Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner

AREA WAGE SURVEY
The M u skegon—M uskegon

H e i g h t s , M ic h ig a n ,

M e tr o p o lit a n A r e a , J u n e 1 9 7 0

B u lle tin

1 6 6 0 -8 5
Septem ber 1970

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 — Price 35 cents




C o n te n ts

P re fa c e

Page

T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s p r o g r a m of annual
o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s is d e ­
s ig n e d to p r o v i d e d ata on o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n in g s , and e s t a b ­
l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s . It
y ie ld s d e ta ile d data b y s e le c t e d in d u s try d iv is io n fo r e a ch
o f the a r e a s s t u d ie d , f o r g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s , and f o r the
U nited S ta tes.
A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the p r o g r a m is
t h e n e e d f o r g r e a t e r i n s i g h t i n t o (1) t h e m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s
b y o c c u p a t i o n a l c a t e g o r y a n d s k i l l l e v e l , a n d (2) t h e s t r u c ­
tu re and l e v e l o f w a g e s a m o n g a r e a s and in d u s tr y d iv i s io n s .

I n t r o d u c t i o n __________________________________________________________________________
W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s --------------------------------------------T ables:
1.
2.

A t the end o f e a c h s u r v e y , an in d iv id u a l a r e a b u l ­
le tin p r e s e n t s s u r v e y r e s u lt s f o r e a c h a r e a stu d ie d . A ft e r
c o m p l e t i o n o f a ll o f the in d iv id u a l a r e a b u lle t in s f o r a ro u n d
o f su r v e y s , two s u m m a r y bu lletin s a re is s u e d . T he fir s t
b r i n g s d ata f o r e a c h o f the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s s t u d ie d in to
one b u lletin .
T he se c o n d p re s e n ts in fo rm a tio n w h ich has
b e e n p r o j e c t e d f r o m i n d iv id u a l m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a d ata to
r e l a t e to g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s and the U n ite d S ta te s .

A.

N in e ty a r e a s c u r r e n t l y a r e in c lu d e d in the p r o ­
g r a m . In e a c h a r e a , i n f o r m a t i o n o n o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s
is c o l l e c t e d a n n u a lly and on e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and
su p p le m e n ta ry w age p r o v is io n s b ien n ially.

B.

T h i s b u l l e t i n p r e s e n t s r e s u l t s o f t h e s u r v e y in
M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h . , i n J u n e 1 9 7 0 .
The
S ta n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a , as d e fin e d b y the
B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t t h r o u g h J a n u a r y 1968, c o n s i s t s o f
M u sk e g o n C oun ty.
T h is study w a s c o n d u c t e d b y the B u ­
r e a u ' s r e g i o n a l o f f i c e i n C h i c a g o , 111., u n d e r t h e g e n e r a l
d ir e c t io n o f W o o d r o w C . L in n , A s s is t a n t R e g io n a l D i r e c t o r
for O p era tion s.




1
5

E s t a b l i s h m e n t s and w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s u r v e y and
n u m b e r s tu d ie d __________________________________________________________
I n d e x e s o f s t a n d a r d w e e k l y s a l a r i e s and s t r a i g h t - t i m e
h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s , and
p e r c e n t s o f i n c r e a s e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s __________________________
O ccu pational ea rn ings:
A -l.
O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n and w o m e n __________________________
A - 2 . P r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n and
w o m e n ____________________________________________________________
A -3.
O f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —
m e n and w o m e n c o m b i n e d ____________________________________
A -4.
M a i n t e n a n c e and p o w e r p l a n t o c c u p a t i o n s ___________________
A -5.
C u s t o d i a l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s ____________
E s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s :
B -l.
M in im u m en tran ce s a la rie s fo r w o m e n o ffice
w o r k e r s __________________________________________________________
B -2.
Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s _______________________________________________
B -3.
S c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s ________________________________________
B -4.
P a i d h o l i d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------B -5.
P a i d v a c a t i o n s ___________________________________________________
B -6.
H e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s _______________________
B -7.
M e t h o d o f w a g e d e t e r m i n a t i o n and f r e q u e n c y o f
p a y m e n t __________________________________________________________

A ppendix.

O c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s ---------------------------------------------------------------

areas.

NOTE:
S im ila r ta b u la tion s
(S ee in s id e b a c k c o v e r . )

are

availa ble

for

other

4

6

7
9
10
11
12

13
14
15
16
17
20
21
22




In tro d u c tio n
T h is a r e a is 1 o f 90 in w h ic h the U .S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s
B u re a u of L a b o r S ta tistics con d u cts s u rv e y s of o ccu p a tio n a l earnin gs
a n d r e l a t e d b e n e f i t s on an a r e a w i d e b a s i s . 1 In t h is a r e a , d a t a w e r e
o b t a in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f ie ld e c o n o m i s t s to r e p r e s e n t ­
ative
esta b lish m en ts
w ithin
six
b ro a d in d u stry d iv is io n s :
M anu­
fa c t u r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t ilitie s ;
w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and
serv ices.
M a jo r in d u s try g ro u p s e x clu d e d f r o m th ese stu dies a re
g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and the c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s .
E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e
o m i t t e d b e c a u s e t h e y t e n d t o f u r n i s h i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in th e
o ccu pa ti.on s stu d ied to w a r r a n t in c lu s io n .
S ep a ra te tabu lation s a re
p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u s t r y d iv i s io n s w h ic h m e e t p u b l i ­
cation c r it e r ia .

O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a r e sh ow n fo r
fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i .e ., th ose h ire d to w o r k a re g u la r w e e k ly sch ed u le
in th e g i v e n o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .
E a r n in g s data e x c lu d e p r e ­
m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k o n w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and
late sh ifts .
N o n p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a r e e x c l u d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g
a l l o w a n c e s and in c e n t iv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d .
W here w eek ly hou rs
a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the
s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k (r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf h ou r) f o r w h ic h e m ­
p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th eir reg u la r stra ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e of pay
f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n ­
ings f o r th e s e o c c u p a t io n s h ave b e e n r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r .
The a v e r a g e s p resen ted r e fle c t c o m p o s ite , areaw id e e s t i­
m ates.
I n d u s tr ie s and e s t a b lis h m e n ts
d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l a n d j o b
s t a ffin g an d, th u s , c o n t r i b u t e d i f f e r e n t l y to the e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h j o b .
T he p a y r e l a t io n s h i p o b ta in a b le f r o m the a v e r a g e s m a y fa il to r e f l e c t
a c c u r a t e l y t h e w a g e s p r e a d o r d i f f e r e n t i a l m a i n t a i n e d a m o n g j o b s in
in d iv id u al e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
S i m i l a r l y , d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e p a y l e v ­
e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in a n y o f the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s h o u ld
n o t b e a s s u m e d t o r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y t r e a t m e n t o f t h e s e x e s
w ith in in d iv id u a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s .
O ther p o s s ib le fa c t o r s w h ich m ay
c o n t r i b u t e t o d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y f o r m e n a n d w o m e n i n c l u d e :
D iffer­
e n c e s in p r o g r e s s i o n w it h in e s t a b l i s h e d r a t e r a n g e s , s i n c e o n l y the
a c t u a l r a t e s p a i d i n c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ; a n d d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c
d u ties p e r f o r m e d , alth ou gh the w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f ie d a p p r o p r ia t e ly
w ith in the s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n .
J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in
c l a s s i f y i n g e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l l y m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d
t h a n t h o s e u s e d in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d a l l o w f o r m i n o r
d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g <== t a b l i s h m e n t s i n t h e s p e c i f i c d u t i e s p e r f o r m e d .

T h ese su rv ey s are con d u cted on a sam p le b a sis b e ca u se of
the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y i n g a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s .
To
o b t a i n o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f
la r g e than of s m a ll e s t a b lis h m e n ts is stu d ied .
In c o m b i n i n g t h e d a t a ,
h o w e v e r , all e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv e n th e ir a p p ro p r ia te w eig h t.
E s­
t i m a t e s b a s e d on the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d ie d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e ,
a s r e l a t i n g t o a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in t h e i n d u s t r y g r o u p i n g a n d a r e a ,
e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e stud ied.
O ccu p ation s

and E a r n in g s

The o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty
o f m a n u fa c t u r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g
i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f the
follo w in g typ es:
(1) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l ;
(3) m a i n t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p l a n t ; a n d (4) c u s t o d i a l a n d m a t e r i a l m o v e ­
m ent.
O c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n i f o r m s e t o f j o b
d e s c r ip t io n s d e s ig n e d to take a c c o u n t of in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia tio n
in d u t ie s w it h in the s a m e j o b .
The o c cu p a tio n s s e le c t e d fo r study
a r e l i s t e d a n d d e s c r i b e d in t h e a p p e n d i x .
The e a r n in g s data fo llo w in g
the jo b t it le s a r e f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s c o m b i n e d .
E a r n in g s data fo r s o m e
o f the o c c u p a t i o n s l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s
w i t h i n o c c u p a t i o n s , a r e n o t p r e s e n t e d in t h e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s , b e c a u s e
e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m e n t in t h e o c c u p a t i o n i s t o o s m a l l t o p r o v i d e e n o u g h
d a t a t o m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r (2) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e
of in d iv idu al e s t a b lis h m e n t data.

O ccu p ation al em p loy m en t e stim a te s r e p r e se n t
t h e t o t a l in
a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h in the s c o p e o f the stu d y and not the n u m b e r
actu ally su rv ey ed .
B e c a u s e o f d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e
a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , the e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a t io n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b ­
ta in e d f r o m the s a m p le of e s ta b lis h m e n ts stud ied s e r v e on ly to in d ica te
the r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e of the j o b s s t u d ie d .
T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in
o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e d o not a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y the a c c u r a c y o f the
e a r n in g s data.
E sta b lish m en t

P ra ctices

and S u p p le m e n t a r y

I n fo r m a t io n is p r e s e n t e d

(in the

W age

B -series

P rov ision s
ta b les) on

selected

1
Included in the 90 areas are four studies conducted under contract with the New York State
e s t a b lis h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s as th e y
Department of Labor. These areas are Binghamton (New York portion only); Rochester (office occu ­
r e la t e to plant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s .
A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , and
pations only); Syracuse; and Utica—Rome. In addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies
p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e s , and c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s w h o a r e u t i l i z e d
in 7S areas at the request of the Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Divisions of the U. S. De­
as a sep a ra te w o r k fo r c e a re ex clu d e d .
" P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e
partment ol Labor.




1

2

w orkin g
f o r e m e n and all n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s
(in clu din g le a d m e n a n d t r a i n e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e f u n c t i o n s .
"O ffice w o rk e rs"
includ e w o r k in g s u p e r v i s o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r f o r m in g
c le r ic a l or related fu n ction s.
C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s and r o u t e m e n a r e
e x c l u d e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , b u t i n c l u d e d in n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g
in d u stries.
M in im u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s fo r w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s (table
B - l ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d . B e c a u s e o f the o p t i m u m
s a m p l i n g t e c h n i q u e s u s e d , a n d t h e p r o b a b i l i t y th a t l a r g e e s t a b l i s h ­
m e n ts a r e m o r e lik e ly to have f o r m a l en tra n ce ra te s fo r w o r k e r s
a b o v e t h e s u b c l e r i c a l l e v e l t h a n s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , t h e t a b l e is
m o r e - r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f p o l i c i e s in m e d i u m a n d l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s .

S h if t d i f f e r e n t i a l d a t a ( t a b l e B - Z) a r e l i m i t e d t o p l a n t w o r k e r s
in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s .
T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s p r e s e n t e d b o t h in
t e r m s o f (1) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c y , 2 p r e s e n t e d in t e r m s o f t o t a l p l a n t
w o r k e r e m p l o y m e n t , a n d (Z) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e , p r e s e n t e d i n t e r m s
o f w o r k e r s a c t u a l l y e m p l o y e d o n th e s p e c i f i e d s h i f t at t h e t i m e o f th e
survey.
In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g v a r i e d
d i f f e r e n t i a l s , th e a m o u n t
a p p ly in g to a m a j o r i t y w a s u s e d o r , if no a m o u n t a p p lie d to a m a j o r i t y ,
the c l a s s i f i c a t i o n " o t h e r " w a s u s e d .
In e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in w h i c h s o m e
l a t e - s h i f t h o u r s a r e p a id at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d i f f e r e n t i a l w a s r e c o r d e d
o n l y i f it a p p l i e d t o a m a j o r i t y o f t h e s h i f t h o u r s .

T h e s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s ( t a b l e B - 3 ) o f a m a j o r i t y o f the
f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s in a n e s t a b l i s h m e n t a r e t a b u l a t e d a s a p p l y i n g t o
all o f the plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f that e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
S cheduled
w e e k l y h o u r s a r e t h o s e w h ic h f u l l - t i m e e m p l o y e e s w e r e e x p e c t e d to
w o r k , w h e t h e r t h e y w e r e p a i d f o r at s t r a i g h t - t i m e o r o v e r t i m e r a t e s .

P a id h o lid a y s ; pa id v a c a t i o n s ; h e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n
plan s;
and f r e q u e n c y o f w a g e p a y m e n t
(ta b les B -4
through B -7 )
a r e t r e a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l l y on th e b a s i s that t h e s e a r e a p p l i c a b l e t o all
plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s if a m a j o r i t y o f s u c h w o r k e r s a r e e l i g i b l e o r
m a y e v e n t u a lly q u a lify fo r the p r a c t i c e s lis t e d .
S u m s of in d iv idu al
i t e m s i n t a b l e s B - Z t h r o u g h B - 7 m a y n ot e q u a l t o t a l s b e c a u s e o f
rou n din g.

D ata on p aid h o lid a y s (ta b le B - 4 ) a r e l i m it e d to d ata on h o l i ­
d a y s g r a n t e d a n n u a l l y o n a f o r m a l b a s i s ; i . e . , (1) a r e p r o v i d e d f o r
in w r i t t e n f o r m , o r (Z) h a v e b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d b y c u s t o m .
H olidays
o r d i n a r i l y g ra n te d a re in clu d e d e v e n though th ey m a y fa ll on a n o n ­
w o r k d a y an d the w o r k e r is not g r a n t e d a n o t h e r d a y o f f .
The first

p a r t o f the p a id h o lid a y s t a b le p r e s e n t s the n u m b e r o f w h o le and h a lf
h olid ay s actu ally granted.
T h e s e c o n d p a r t c o m b i n e s w h o le and h a lf
h o lid a y s to show total h o lid a y t i m e .
T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a t i o n p la n s (ta b le B - 5 ) is l i m i t e d to a
statistical m e a su r e of v acation p r o v is io n s .
It i s n o t i n t e n d e d a s a
m e a s u r e o f the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s a c t u a lly r e c e i v i n g s p e c i f i c b e n e ­
fits.
P r o v i s i o n s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t fo r all len g th s o f s e r v i c e w e r e
t a b u la te d a s a p p ly in g to all p lant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s o f the e s t a b l i s h ­
m e n t , r e g a r d l e s s o f len g th o f s e r v i c e .
P r o v i s i o n s f o r p a y m e n t on
o t h e r than a t im e b a s i s w e r e c o n v e r t e d to a t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e ,
a p a y m e n t o f Z p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s the e q u i v ­
alent o f 1 w e e k 's p a y .
E s t i m a t e s e x c l u d e v a c a t i o n - s a v i n g s p l a n s an d
th ose w h ich o ffe r "e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t ic a l" b e n e fits beyon d b a s ic
p lan s to w o r k e r s w ith q u a lify in g len g th s o f s e r v i c e .
T y p ic a l of such
e x c l u s i o n s a r e p l a n s in t h e s t e e l ,
a lu m in u m ,
and ca n in d u s t r ie s .

Data on h e a lth , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p la n s (t a b le B - 6 ) i n ­
c l u d e t h o s e p l a n s f o r w h i c h t h e e m p l o y e r p a y s at l e a s t a p a r t o f t h e
c o s t . Such p lans in clu d e th o s e u n d e r w r it te n by a c o m m e r c i a l in s u r a n c e
c o m p a n y and t h o s e p r o v i d e d t h r o u g h a u n io n fund o r p a id d i r e c t l y by
the e m p l o y e r out o f c u r r e n t o p e r a t i n g fu n d s o r f r o m a fund se t a s i d e
f o r this p u r p o s e .
A n e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s i d e r e d to h a v e a p lan
if the m a j o r i t y o f e m p l o y e e s w a s e l i g i b l e t o b e c o v e r e d u n d e r the
p la n , e v e n if l e s s than a m a j o r i t y e l e c t e d to p a r t i c i p a t e b e c a u s e e m ­
p lo y e e s w e r e r e q u i r e d to c o n t r ib u t e t o w a r d the c o s t o f the p la n .
Le­
g a lly r e q u i r e d p la n s , su ch as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a t io n , s o c i a l s e ­
c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t w e r e e x c l u d e d .

S i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e is l i m i t e d to that ty p e o f
in s u r a n c e u n der w h ich p r e d e t e r m in e d ca sh p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d ir e c t ly
to the i n s u r e d d u r in g i l l n e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y .
I n f o r m a t i o n is
p r e s e n t e d f o r all su ch p la n s to w h ic h the e m p l o y e r c o n t r ib u t e s .
H ow­
e v e r , in N e w Y o r k a n d N e w J e r s e y , w h i c h h a v e e n a c t e d t e m p o r a r y
d is a b i l i t y in s u r a n c e la w s w h ic h r e q u i r e e m p l o y e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s , 3 p lans
a r e i n c l u d e d o n l y if t h e e m p l o y e r (1) c o n t r i b u t e s m o r e t h a n i s l e g a l l y
r e q u i r e d , o r (Z) p r o v i d e s t h e e m p l o y e e w i t h b e n e f i t s w h i c h e x c e e d th e
r e q u i r e m e n t s o f th e l a w .
T a b u la tio n s of p aid s ic k le a v e p lans are
l i m i t e d to f o r m a l p la n s 4 w h ic h p r o v i d e fu ll p a y o r a p r o p o r t i o n o f the
w o r k e r 's pay d u rin g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e of illn e s s .
S eparate
t a b u l a t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t e d a c c o r d i n g t o (1) p l a n s w h i c h p r o v i d e f u l l p a y
a n d no w a i t i n g p e r i o d , a n d (Z) p l a n s w h i c h p r o v i d e e i t h e r p a r t i a l p a y
o r a w aitin g p e r io d .
In a d d i t i o n t o t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e p r o p o r t i o n s
o f w o r k e r s w h o a r e p r o v i d e d s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r p aid
s ic k l e a v e , an u n d u p lic a t e d t o ta l is s h o w n o f w o r k e r s w h o r e c e i v e
eith er o r both types of b e n e fits.

2
An establishment was considered as having a policy if it met either of the following conThe temporary disability laws in California and Rhode Island do not require employer
ditions: (1) Operated late shifts at the time of the survey, or (2) had formal provisions covering
contributions.
late shifts. An establishment was considered as having formal provisions if it (1) had operated late
An establishment was considered as having a formal plan if it established at least the
shifts during the 12 months prior to the survey, or (2) had provisions in written form for operating
minimum number of days of sick leave available to each employee. Such a plan need not be
late shifts.
written, but informal sick leave allowances, determined on an individual basis, were excluded.




3

M a jo r m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e i n c lu d e s t h o s e plans w h ic h a r e d e ­
s i g n e d to p r o t e c t e m p l o y e e s in c a s e o f s i c k n e s s and i n j u r y i n v o l v i n g
e x p e n s e s b e y o n d t h e c o v e r a g e o f b a s i c h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , m e d i c a l , an d
s u r g ic a l p lan s.
M e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p la n s p r o v i d i n g f o r c o m ­
plete o r p a rtia l p ay m en t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s .
Such plans m a y be u n d e r ­
w ritten by c o m m e r c i a l in s u ra n ce c o m p a n ie s o r n on p rofit o rg a n iz a tio n s
o r th e y m a y b e p a id f o r b y the e m p l o y e r out o f a fu nd s e t a s i d e f o r
this p u r p o s e .
T a b u la t io n s o f r e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n p la n s a r e l i m it e d to
t h o s e p la n s that p r o v i d e r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s f o r the r e m a i n d e r o f the
w o r k e r 's life.
M e th o d of w a g e d e t e r m in a t io n (table B -7 ) r e la t e s to b a s ic
ty p e s of rate s tru c tu re fo r w o r k e r s p aid u n der v a r io u s t im e and in ­
cen tive s y s t e m s .
U n d e r a s in g le r a t e s t r u c t u r e the s a m e ra te is p a id
t o a l l e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s in t h e s a m e j o b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . A n i n d i v i d ­
ual w o r k e r o c c a s i o n a l l y m a y be paid a b o v e o r b e l o w the s in g le ra te




f o r s p e c i a l r e a s o n s , but s u c h p a y m e n t s a r e e x c e p t i o n s .
A ra n ge-ofr a t e s p la n s p e c i f i e s the m i n i m u m a n d / o r m a x i m u m r a te p a id e x p e r i ­
e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r the s a m e j o b .
I n f o r m a t i o n a l s o is p r o v i d e d o n the
m e t h o d o f p r o g r e s s i o n t h r o u g h the r a n g e .
In th e a b s e n c e o f a f o r m a l
ra te s t r u c t u r e , the q u a lific a t io n s o f the in d iv id u a l w o r k e r d e t e r m in e
the p a y r a t e .
I n f o r m a t i o n on t y p e s of in c e n t i v e p la n s is p r o v i d e d o n ly
fo r p lant w o r k e r s b e c a u s e o f the lo w i n c id e n c e o f s u c h p la n s f o r o f f i c e
w orkers.
U n d e r a p i e c e w o r k s y s t e m , a p r e d e t e r m i n e d r a t e is p aid
f o r e a c h u n it o f o u t p u t .
P ro d u c tio n b o n u se s a re b a s e d on p ro d u ctio n
o v e r a q u o ta o r c o m p l e t i o n o f a j o b in l e s s th a n s t a n d a r d t i m e .
Com ­
p e n sa tio n on a c o m m is s io n b a s is r e p r e s e n ts p a y m en ts b a s e d on a
p e r c e n t a g e of v a lu e of s a l e s , o r on a c o m b in a t io n o f a stated s a la r y
plus a p e r c e n t a g e .

table

Data
B -7 .

on

fre q u e n cy

of

wage

paym ent

a lso

are

p rov id ed

in

4

Table 1. Establishm ents and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, M ich.,1
by major industry division,2 June 1970
N u m ber of establishm ents

Industry d iv ision

M in im u m
em ployment
in e s t a b l i s h ­
m e n t s in s c o p e
o f st u d y

W o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s
W i t h in s c o p e o f st u d y

W i t h in s c o p e
o f st u d y 3

St udied

T otal4

S t ud ie d

P la n t
Number

Percent

O ffice
T otal4

A l l d i v i s i o n s ______________________________________

-

97

55

29,221

100

20,393

3.448

23. 083

M a n u f a c t u r i n g __________________________________________
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and
o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s 5 _______________________
W h o l e s a l e t r a d e ___________________________________
R e t a i l t r a d e ------------------------------------------------------ ---F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e _________
S e r v i c e s -----------------------------------------------------------------

50
-

51
46

30
25

24,368
4,853

83
17

17.841
2, 552

2. 298
1 . 1 50

19.440
3 ,6 4 3

50
50
50
50
50

9
6
23
4
4

9
3
8
3
2

1 ,9 2 9
538
1, 708
518
160

7
2
5
2
1

877
( 6)
( 6)
(7 )
(6 )

441
(6)
(6 )
(6)
( 6)

1.929
313
94 8
373
80

T h e M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s S t a n d a r d M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , a s d e f i n e d b y the B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t t h r o u g h J a n u a r y 1 96 8, c o n s i s t s o f M u s k e g o n C o u n t y .
The "w o r k e r s
w it h i n s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h is t a b l e p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f the s i z e an d c o m p o s i t i o n o f the l a b o r f o r c e i n c l u d e d in the s u r v e y .
T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e not
in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , to s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w ith o t h e r e m p l o y m e n t i n d e x e s f o r the a r e a to m e a s u r e e m p l o y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1) p l a n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s
r e q u i r e s the u se
o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t dat a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f the p a y r o l l p e r i o d s t u d i e d , an d (2) s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f the s u r v e y .
2 T h e 1967 e d i t i o n o f the S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n .
3 I n c l u d e s a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t at o r a b o v e the m i n i m u m l i m i t a t i o n . A l l o u t l e t s (w ith in the a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in s u c h i n d u s t r i e s a s t r a d e , f i n a n c e , a ut o r e p a i r s e r v i c e ,
an d m o t i o n p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d as 1 e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
I n c l u d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a nd o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c l u d e d f r o m the s e p a r a t e pl a nt and o f f i c e c a t e g o r i e s .
5 T a x i c a b s and s e r v i c e s i n c i d e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n w e r e e x c l u d e d .
6 T h i s i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " and " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ” in the S e r i e s A t a b l e s , and f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " in the S e r i e s B t a b l e s . S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n
o f dat a f o r t h is d i v i s i o n is no t m a d e f o r o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g r e a s o n s : (1) E m p l o y m e n t in the d i v i s i o n i s t o o s m a l l to p r o v i d e e n o u g h da ta to m e r i t s e p a r a t e s t u d y , (2) the s a m p l e w a s not
d e s i g n e d i n i t i a l l y to p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , (3) r e s p o n s e w a s i n s u f f i c i e n t o r i n a d e q u a t e to p e r m i t s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n , and (4) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t dat a.
7 W o r k e r s f r o m t h is e n t i r e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n a r e r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " a nd " n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g " in the S e r i e s A t a b l e s , but f r o m the r e a l e s t a t e p o r t i o n o n l y in e s t i m a t e s
f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " in the S e r i e s B t a b l e s . S e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f da t a f o r th is d i v i s i o n is not m a d e f o r o n e o r m o r e o f the r e a s o n s g i v e n in f o o t n o t e 6 a b o v e .
8 H o t e l s and m o t e l s ; l a u n d r i e s and o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s i n e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r , r e n t a l , and p a r k i n g ; m o t i o n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o f i t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ( e x c l u d i n g r e l i g i o u s
and c h a r i t a b l e o r g a n i z a t i o n s ) ; and e n g i n e e r i n g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s .




O v e r f o u r - f i f t h s o f the w o r k e r s w it h i n s c o p e o f the s u r v e y in th e M u s k e g o r r - M u s k e g o n
H e i g h t s a r e a w e r e e m p l o y e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g f i r m s .
T h e f o l l o w i n g p r e s e n t s the m a j o r
i n d u s t r y g r o u p s an d s p e c i f i c i n d u s t r i e s a s a p e r c e n t o f a ll m a n u f a c t u r i n g ;
Industry grou p s
M a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l __ 40
P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s _______ 29
F u r n i t u r e and f i x t u r e s ___________ 6
M isc e lla n e o u s m anufacturing
i n d u s t r i e s ------------------------------------- 5
P a p e r an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ---------- 5

S p e c ific in dustries
I r o n and s t e e l f o u n d r i e s __________ 27
E n g i n e s and t u r b i n e s ______________ 17
M iscellan eou s m a ch in ery,
e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ------------------------ 1 1
C o n s t r u c t i o n and r e l a t e d
m a c h i n e r y ________________________
5
O f f i c e f u r n i t u r e ------------------------------ 5
T o y s and s p o r t i n g g o o d s ________ 5

T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is b a s e d on e s t i m a t e s o f t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t d e r i v e d f r o m u n i v e r s e
m a t e r i a l s c o m p i l e d p r i o r to a c t u a l s u r v e y .
P r o p o r t i o n s in v a r i o u s i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s m a y
d i f f e r f r o m p r o p o r t i o n s b a s e d on the r e s u l t s o f the s u r v e y a s s h o w n in t a b l e 1 a b o v e .

W age T re n d s for S e le c te d O ccupational G ro u p s
P r e s e n t e d i n t a b l e Z a r e i n d e x e s an d p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e
in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s and i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s ,
an d i n a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f s e l e c t e d p l a n t w o r k e r g r o u p s .
The in d e x e s
a r e a m e a s u r e o f w a g e s at a g i v e n t i m e , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t o f
w a g e s d u r in g the b a s e p e r i o d .
S u b t r a c t i n g 10 0 f r o m t h e i n d e x y i e l d s
the p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e in w a g e s f r o m the b a s e p e r i o d to the date o f the
in dex.
T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e o r i n c r e a s e r e la t e to w a g e c h a n g e s
b e t w e e n the i n d i c a t e d d a t e s .
T h ese e stim a tes are m e a s u r e s of change
in a v e r a g e s f o r the a r e a ; th e y a r e not in t e n d e d to m e a s u r e a v e r a g e
pay c h a n g e s in the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the a r e a .

F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s an d i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , the w a g e
t r e n d s r e l a t e to r e g u l a r w e e k l y s a l a r i e s f o r the n o r m a l w o r k w e e k ,
e x c lu s iv e of earn in g s fo r o v e r tim e .
F o r plant w o r k e r g r o u p s , th ey
m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s , e x c lu d in g
p r e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and fo r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s ,
and
late s h ifts .
T h e p e r c e n t a g e s a r e b a s e d on data f o r s e l e c t e d key o c c u ­
p a t io n s an d i n c l u d e m o s t o f the n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t j o b s w it h in
each group.

L im itation s

of

Data

M ethod o f C o m p u tin g
The in d ex es and
percentages of
change,
as m e a s u re s of
c h a n g e in a r e a a v e r a g e s , a r e i n f l u e n c e d by:
(1) g e n e r a l s a l a r y and
w a g e c h a n g e s , ( Z) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s i n p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i ­
v i d u a l w o r k e r s w h i l e in t h e s a m e j o b , a n d (3 ) c h a n g e s i n a v e r a g e
w a g e s due to c h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e r e s u l t i n g f r o m l a b o r t u r n ­
o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s i o n s , f o r c e r e d u c t i o n s , a n d c h a n g e s in t h e p r o p o r ­
tio n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d by e s t a b l i s h m e n t s with d iffe r e n t pay l e v e l s .
C h a n g e s i n t h e l a b o r f o r c e c a n c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s i n the
o c c u p a t io n a l a v e r a g e s w ithout a c tu a l w a g e c h a n g e s .
It i s c o n c e i v a b l e
that e v e n t h o u g h a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in a n a r e a g a v e w a g e i n c r e a s e s ,
a v e r a g e w ages m a y have d eclin ed b e c a u se lo w e r -p a y in g esta b lish m en ts
e n t e r e d the a r e a o r e x p a n d e d t h e ir w o r k f o r c e s .
S im ila rly , w ages
m a y h a v e r e m a in e d r e l a t iv e l y c o n s t a n t, y e t the a v e r a g e s f o r an a r e a
m ay have r is e n c o n s id e r a b ly b e c a u s e h ig h e r-p a y in g e sta b lish m en ts
e n t e r e d the a r e a .

E a c h o f the s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t i o n s w it h in an o c c u p a t i o n a l
g r o u p w as a s s ig n e d a c o n sta n t w eig h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r t io n a t e e m ­
p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p .
The a v e ra g e (m ean ) ea rn in g s fo r
e a c h o c c u p a t i o n w e r e m u l t i p l i e d b y t h e o c c u p a t i o n a l w e i g h t , an d the
p r o d u c t s f o r a ll o c c u p a t i o n s in t h e g r o u p w e r e t o t a l e d .
The aggregates
f o r Z c o n s e c u t i v e y e a r s w e r e r e la t e d b y d iv id in g the a g g r e g a t e fo r
the l a t e r y e a r b y the a g g r e g a t e f o r the e a r l i e r y e a r .
The resu ltan t
r e l a t i v e , l e s s 100 p e r c e n t , s h o w s t h e p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e .
The index
i s t h e p r o d u c t o f m u l t i p l y i n g t h e b a s e y e a r r e l a t i v e (1 00) b y t h e r e l a t i v e
f o r th e n e x t s u c c e e d i n g y e a r a n d c o n t i n u i n g t o m u l t i p l y ( c o m p o u n d )
e a c h y e a r 's r e la t iv e b y the p r e v i o u s y e a r 's in d e x .
A v e r a g e earn in gs
f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e u s e d i n c o m p u t i n g th e w a g e t r e n d s :
O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ( m e n and w o m e n ) : O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ( m e n and w o m e n ) — S k i ll e d m a in t e n a n c e (m e n ) :
Bookkeeping-machine
Con ti nu ed
Carpenters
operators, class B
S ecr et ar ies
El ectricians
Cl erks, a c c o u n t i n g , classes
Stenographers, gen era l
Machinists
A and B
S te nographer s, seni or
M e c h a n ic s
Cl ei ks , f i l e , classes
S w it c h b o a rd ope rators, classes
M e c h a n ic s (a u t o m o t i v e )
A , B, and C
A and B
Painters
Cl erks, order
T a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e operators,
Pipefitters
Cl erks, pay roll
class B
T o o l and die makers
C o m p t o m e t e r operators
Typists, classes A and B
K ey p un ch operators, classes
Unski lle d pla nt (m e n ) :
A and B
Industrial nurses ( m e n and w o m e n ) :
Janitors, porters, and cle;
O f f i c e boys and girls




Nurses, industrial (regi ste red )

T h e u s e o f c o n s t a n t e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h t s e l i m i n a t e s the e f f e c t
o f c h a n g e s i n t h e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h j o b i n ­
c l u d e d in t h e d a t a .
The p e r c e n ta g e s of ch a n g e r e fle c t on ly ch a n g es
in a v e r a g e p a y f o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r s .
T h e y a r e not i n f l u e n c e d by
c h a n g e s in s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s , a s s u c h , o r b y p r e m i u m p a y
for ov ertim e.
W h e r e n e c e s s a r y , data w e r e a d ju s t e d to r e m o v e f r o m
the i n d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e a n y s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t c a u s e d
b y c h a n g e s in th e s c o p e o f t h e s u r v e y .

Laborers, m a te r ia l ha ndli

5

6

Table 2. Indexes of standard weekly salaries and straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupational groups in
M uskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich., June 1970 and May 1969, and percents of increase for selected periods
All in d u str ies
Pe riod

O ffice
clerical
( m e n and
women)

Industrial
nurses
( m e n and
women)

Skilled
m aintenance
trade s
(men)

M anufacturing
U n skilled
pl a nt
w orkers
(men)

O ffice
clerical
( m e n and
women)

Industrial
nu r s e s
( m e n and
women)

Skilled
m aintenance
trades
(m en)

U n skilled
pl a n t
w orkers
(m en)

In dex es (M a y 1967*100)
Ju ne 1 9 7 0 - -------------------- -----------------------------------------------M a y 1969 ----------------------------------- ---------------------------------

121.8
114 .2

131.1
117.6

123 .3

119.0

12 1.4

1 14.9

113.9

1 14.6

1 31 .1
117 .6

1 23 .2
115.1

1 21 .0
1 15 .3

1 68 .2
128 .3

1 46 .3
1 18 .7

1 48 .2
122 .4

11.5
5.7
11.3
13.3
2 .6
1.6
1.1
3.3
4.0
1.8

7 .0
6 .3
8 .3
4.6
2.9
2 .0
1.9
2.6
3.4
2.7

4 .9
8.2
6 .6

I n d e x e s ( M a y 1 9 6 1= 1 00 )
J une 1970 --------------------------- ----------------------- _ -------------M a y 1 9 6 7 ________________________________________________

148 .0
121.6

168 .2
12 8 .3

146 .7
119 .0

145 .6
122 .4

1 44 . 4
119 .0

P ercen ts of in crea se
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May




1969
196 8
1967
196 6
1965
196 4
196 3
196 2
1961
196 0

to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to

Ju ne
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May

1 9 7 0 --------- -------------------------------------1 9 6 9 ________________________________
1 9 6 8 - --------------- ----------------------------l9 6 7_ _ _ ___ ------------- --------------1 9 6 6 ------------------ ----------- ------- -1 9 6 5 - ------ - -----------------------1 9 6 4 _ _ _ ----------------------- --------196 3
--------------------- -------------1962
----- -------------------------------------1 9 6 1 ______________________________-

6.6

8.7
5.1
4.1
3.1
2.1
3 .3
3.0
4 .3
3.9

1 1.5
5.7
11.3
13.3
2.6
1.6
1.1
3.3
4 .0
1.8

7 .3
6.1
8.3
4 .6

2.7
2.1
2.3
2. 6
3.4
2.7

4 .4
7.7
5.8
5.4
3.2
3.1
.8
3.9
4 .2
2.7

5.9
9 .5
4.6

3.4
1.8
1.7
3.6
3.1
4 .1
4 .4

NOTE:
P r e v i o u s l y p u b l i s h e d i n d e x e s f o r the M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s a r e a u s e d M a y 1961 as
the b a s e p e r i o d .
T h e y c a n b e c o n v e r t e d t o the n e w b a s e p e r i o d b y d i v i d i n g t h e m b y the c o r r e s p o n d i n g
i n d e x n u m b e r s f o r M a y 1967 on the M a y 1961 b a s e p e r i o d a s s h o w n in the t a b l e .
(T h e r e s u lt should
be m u l t i p l i e d b y 100.)

4 .2
3 .7
3. 3
.5
4 .3
4.6
2.1

7

A.

Occupational earnings

T a b l e A -1 .
(A v e ra g e

O f f ic e o c c u p a tio n s — m en and w o m e n

s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s f o r

s e le c te d

o c cu p a tio n s

s tu d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is i o n ,

Weekly earning^^^

N um ber o f w ork ers

(standard)
Sex,

o c cu p a tio n ,

an d in d u s tr y d iv is io n

Number
of
woriters

Average
weekly
hour*1
( standard)

s

Median 2

Middle range 2

$

s

65
Mean2

M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s ,

70

$

$
75

80

$
85

$

*
90

95

r e c e iv in g
S

100

1970)

s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f—

$
105

M ic h . , Ju n e

110

%

S
115

120

$

%
125

135

$

*

$

»
130

140

150

and
under
70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

115

n o

120

125

130

135

140

150

4
3

3
3

-

i

160

S

i

»

160

170

180

190

—

—

—

and

170

180

190

over

4
4

2
2

5
5

HEN
23
22

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

$
$
1 5 3 . 5 0 1 5 0 .0 0
1 5 4 .0 0 1 5 5 .0 0

$
$
1 3 6 .0 0 -1 7 5 .0 0
1 3 4 .0 0 -1 7 6 .0 0

31

O
o
4*

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -----------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

1 1 0 .0 0

1 0 2 .5 0 -1 2 2 .5 0

-

-

21

1
1

4

-

4

2

2

1

-

-

-

-

-

8

6

4

4

i

5
4

4

7

22
8

2

3

14

i

4

10

i

-

-

5
5

i

-

-

1
1

-

4

-

WOMEN
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
CLASS B -------------------------------------------- —

1 0 4 .5 0

-

-

-

-

-

17

4 0 .0

9 7 .5 0

9 9 .5 0

9 5 .5 0 -1 0 4 .0 0

-

-

-

3

-

2

7

6

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING:
PUBLIC UTILITIES3-----------------------

68
42

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 29 ^ 0 0
1 2 4 .0 0

1 3 2 .0 0
1 2 2 .5 0

1 1 9 .0 0 -1 3 8 .5 0
1 1 6 .5 0 -1 3 6 .5 0

-

_

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

2
2

25

4 0 .0

13’ i . 50 1 3 7 .5 0

1 3 5 .0 0 -1 4 0 .0 0

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

85
59
26

4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 0 3 .5 0
1 0 2 .0 0
1 0 6 .5 0

1 0 1 .5 0
9 9 .5 0
1 0 4 .0 0

9 2 .0 0 -1 1 5 .5 0
9 0 .0 0 -1 1 0 .0 0
9 6 .0 0 -1 2 1 .0 0

-

10

12

10

CLERKS, PAYROLL ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

48
40

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 1 0 .5 0
1 1 0 .5 0

1 0 9 .5 0
1 0 9 .0 0

1 0 0 .0 0 -1 2 2 .5 0
1 0 0 .0 0 -1 2 3 .0 0

-

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A -----------MANUFACTURING--------------------------------

60
57

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 1 5 .0 0
1 1 6 .0 0

1 1 4 .0 0
1 1 5 .0 0

1 0 4 .0 0 -1 3 5 .0 0
1 0 6 .0 0 -1 3 5 .5 0

_

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B -----------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

70
44
26

4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0

9 3 .0 0
9 5 .0 0
9 0 .5 0

9 4 .0 0
9 4 .5 0
9 2 .5 0

8 3 .5 0 -1 0 2 .5 0
8 5 .0 0 - 1 0 4 .0 0
8 2 .5 0 - 9 9 .5 0

SECRETARIES4-----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------

203
167
36

4 0 .0
4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 3 0 .0 0
1 2 8 .5 0
1 3 6 .0 0

1 2 7 .5 0
1 2 5 .5 0
1 4 2 .5 0

1 1 6 .0 0 -1 4 3 .5 0
1 1 6 .0 0 -1 4 1 .5 0
1 2 3 .0 0 -1 4 9 .5 0

SECRETARIES, CLASS A --------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

24
20

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 4 7 .0 0
1 4 9 .0 0

1 5 2 .0 0
1 5 3 .0 0

1 2 5 .5 0 -1 6 4 .5 0
1 2 5 .5 0 -1 6 4 .5 0

-

SECRETARIES, CLASS B --------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

43
30

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 3 1 .5 0
1 3 5 .5 0

1 3 2 .0 0
1 3 4 .5 0

1 2 2 .5 0 -1 4 2 .0 0
1 2 7 .0 0 -1 4 4 .0 0

-

SECRETARIES, CLASS C --------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

65
47

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 3 7 .0 0
1 3 3 .5 0

1 4 1 .0 0
1 3 4 .0 0

1 2 6 .0 0 -1 4 8 .0 0
1 2 1 .5 0 -1 4 4 .0 0

_

SECRETARIES, CLASS D --------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

71
70

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 1 6 .5 0
1 1 6 .0 0

1 1 8 .5 0
1 1 8 .5 0

1 1 0 .0 0 -1 2 4 .0 0
1 1 0 .0 0 -1 2 4 .0 0

_

-

-

-

STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL --------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

93
60

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 0 3 .5 0
1 0 5 .0 0

1 0 2 .5 0
1 0 3 .0 0

9 2 .5 0 -1 1 3 .5 0
9 2 .5 0 -1 1 6 .0 0

-

-

STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR ----------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

43
41

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

1 1 1 .0 0
1 1 1 .0 0

1 1 1 .0 0
1 1 1 .0 0

1 0 5 .5 0 -1 1 9 .0 0
1 0 5 .5 0 -1 1 9 .0 0

SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSHANUFACTURING --------------------------------

43
35

4 0 .0
4 0 .0

9 8 .0 0
1 0 0 .5 0

9 6 .0 0
9 8 .0 0

8 7 .0 0 -1 0 5 .0 0
8 8 .0 0 -1 1 6 .0 0

See

fo o tn o te s




at

end

of

t a b le .

-

-

4

14

-

-

2
2

13

-

-

-

-

-

4
3
4
4

_

_

-

-

7

9

4

3

3

6

_

_

8

-

-

7

5
5

1
1

5
3

2
1

4
4

1

1
1
-

_

_

_

-

-

-

_

-

-

“
_

-

-

-

_

-

“
_

i

-

_

2
1

3

10

6

2
1

3
3

1

8

4

5
5

3

3
3

4
4

10
10

1
1

1
1

1
1

i
i
-

i
i
”

3
3

16
15

20
20

27
25

18
16

7

2

8
8

8

8

8
i

1

2
1
1

4
4

6

11

-

i

5

1

_

1

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

_

_

_

-

-

-

2
1

-

2
2

4
4

_
-

-

6

15
15

-

-

“

21
19

7
3
4

37
26

-

2

2

2

4
4

_

1
1

2
2

-

-

-

i
-

2
2

2
2

7
5

7
5

2
1

i
i

7
7

4

3
3

9
9

3
3

10
10

10
10

6
6

5
5

1
1

-

12

8

6

5

-

9

-

-

6

3

3

4

“

-

i
i

6
3

6

21

7

11

13

4

7

6

5

l 1

l

16

-

-

4

7

-

-

6

3
5

-

-

-

3

6
6

-

-

l
ii

-

1
1
-

_

1

10

7

10

7

2
2

6

i

6

2

4
4

13

1
-

i

7

-

i

5
4

17

5

7

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

2

~

1
i

4

“

4

i

3
3

n
ii

i
i

4
3

12
8

3
3

5
5

7

_

5

6

u
n

8

6

7

i
i

4

4

3

20
19

~
4

2
2

11
3

1

12
10
2
6
6

9

4
4

2
2

i
i

-

1
1

2
2

1
1

2
2

-

-

4
2

3

2

2

2
1

2

1
-

9
9
25
16

6
3

6

3

4

1

1
1

2

4
4

1
1

2

1
1

2
2
1

-

-

-

-

-

8

T a b l e A -1 .

O ffic e o c c u p a tio n s— m en and w o m e n ------C on tin u e d

(Av erage straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich. , June 1970)
Weekly earnings
(standard)
Number

Sex, occupation, and industry division

of

(standard)

$

*
65

Mean*

Median2

$
70

$
75

$
80

$
85

Number of workers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of—
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
90
95 100 105 110 115
120 125 130 135 140 150

Middle range2

under
70

160

—
75

80

85

90

95

100

105

llO

115

120

125

130

135

140

150 160

170

170

180

190

—

—

and

180

190 over

,,
NG

ii

O O

77
73

TY P IS TS , CLASS A
MANUFACTURING

,

O O

cuntinueo

* ^

WOMEN -

*

Average
weekly

$
$
109.00 110.50
110.00 112.00
on

n mn

' 0* 0

nn

*s
92* 50

*j-n
90*00

$
$
9 8.0 0-1 2 1.0 0
9 9 .5 0-1 2 1.0 0
8 1 .0 0 - 97.50

13
12

1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings correspond
to these weekly hours.
2 The mean is computed for each job by totaling the earnings of all workers and dividing by the number of workers. The median designates position— half of the employees surveyed receive more
than the rate shown; half receive less than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by 2 rates of pay; a fourth of the workers earn less than the lower of these rates and a fourth earn more than
the higher rate.
3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.
4 May include workers other than those presented separately.




9
Ta b le A -2 .

Professional and technical o c c u p a tio n s — men and w o m e n

( A v e r a g e st r a i g h t - t im e w ee kl y ho ur s and e a rni ngs f o r se l e ct e d o cc u pa t io n s studied on an a r e a b a s is b y in du str y d i v is io n,

1 Standard ho ur s r e f le c t the w o rk w e ek f o r which e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t he ir re g u l a r st r a i g h t - t im e
to these wee kl y ho ur s.
2 F o r defin it ion o f t er m s , ee footno te 2, table A - l .




Mu sk eg on—M us keg on Heights,

M i c h . , June 1970)

s a l a r i e s (e x c l u s i v e of pay f o r o v e r t i m e at re g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m

rat es) , and the ea rn i n gs c o r r e s p o n d

10

Ta b le A -3 .

O ffice , professional, and technical o c c u p a tio n s — m en and w o m e n c o m b in e d

(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u str y d iv is io n , M u sk eg on —M u sk eg on H e ig h ts, M ic h ., June 1970)
Av erage

O cc up a tio n and in dustry d iv is io n

Average

O
O
>*

BUOKKEEPING-MACHINE o p e r a t o r s ,
CLASS B -------------------------------------------------

$

110.00

Number
of

O cc upa tio n and in dustry di v is i o n

OFFICE OCCUPATIONS -

O C C UPA TIO NS

8U0KKEEPING—MACHINE OPERATORS,
CLASS A -------------------------------------------------

■f*
o
o

OFFICE

Weekly
earnings *
(standard (standard)
Weekly

SECRETARIES2 -

Weekly
hours 1
(standard)

Weekly
earnings 1
(standard)

CONTINUED

Number
of

O cc up a tio n and industry d i v is io n

P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L
OCCUPATIONS

COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS B -----MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

SECRETARIES, CLASS A ------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

24

20

40.0
40.0

$
147.00
149.00

SECRETARIES, CLASS B ------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

43
30

40.0
40.0

131.50
135.50

SECRETARIES, CLASS C ------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

67
49

40.0
40.0

137.50
134.50

SECRETARIES, CLASS 0 ------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

71
70

40.0
40.0

116.50
116.00

COMPUTER PROGRAMERS,
BUSINESS, CLASS 8 -------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

COMPUTER OPERATORS,

97.50

—

CLASS C ------

4 0.0
4 0 .0
40.0

135.00
134.50
137.00

CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------

4 0.0
40.0
40.0

103.50
1OK. 5 0
106.50

CLERKS, PAYROLL ---------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

40.0
4 0.0

112.00
111.50

STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL ------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

93
60

40.0
40.0

103.50
105.00

DRAFTSMEN, CLASS A -------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A -------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

40.0
4 0.0

115.00
116.00

STENOGRAPHERS, SENIUR --------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

43
41

40.0
40.0

111.00
111.00

DRAFTSMEN, CLASS B -------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

KEYPUNCH UPERATURS, CLASS 8 -------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NUNMANUFACTURING --------------------------

40.0
40.0
4 0.0

93.00
95.00
90.50

SHITCHBUARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONI STSMANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

43
35

4 0 .0
40.0

98.00
100.50

DRAFTSMEN, CLASS C -------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

—
—

81.00

77
73

40.0
40.0

110.00

NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED!
MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

—

39.0

TYPISTS, CLASS A -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------

109.00

OFFICE BOYS AND GIRLS-----------------------SECRETARIES2------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------

4 0 .0
40.0
4 0.0

130.00
129.00
136.00

TYPISTS, CLASS B -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------

148
117
31

40.0
4 0.0
40.0

90.00
89.50
92.50

accounting,

class

a

1 S ta n da rd h o u r s r e f le c t the w o rk w e e k fo r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e theii r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e
esp on d to t h e se w e e k ly h o u r s .
2 M a y in clu d e w o r k e r s o th e r than th o s e p r e s e n t e d s e p a r a t e ly .




23
19

$
40. 0 141.00
4 0 .0 141.00

16

40.0

120.00

18
18

40.0
40.0

200.00
200.00

22
20

40.0
40.0

168.50
169.00

19
19

40.0
40.0

198.50
198.50

101
101

40.0
40.0

162.00
162.00

66
52

4 0.0
4 0.0

118.00
118.50

15
15

40.0
40.0

145.50
145.50

CONTINUED

-------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------

clerks,

Weekly
Weekly
hours 1 earnings 1
(standard) (standard)

COMPUTER PROGRAMERS,
BUSINESS, CLASS A -------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------

___

—
—

s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f p a y fo r o v e r t im e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m

r a t e s ) , and the e a rn in g s

11

T a b le A -4 .

M a in te na n ce and p o w e rp la n t o c c u p a tio n s

(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly e a rn in g s fo r m en in s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is by in d u str y d iv is io n , M u sk eg on —M u sk eg on H e ig h ts, M ich . , June 1970)
Hourly eanaings l
O cc u p a tio n and in d u str y d iv is io n

Number
of
woAers

N u m b er o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly ea rn in g s o f—
Unde

Mean2

Median ^

Middle range 2

J .1 0

'3 .20 3 . 3 0

3.4 0

3 .5 0

3.6 0

3.7 0

3 .8 0

3.9 0

4.0 0

4.1 0 4 .2 0

4.3 0

4 .4 0

4 .5 0

4.6 0

4.7 0

4.8 0

3.3 0

3 .4 0

3.5 0

3.60

3.70

3.8 0

3.90

4 .0 0

4 . 10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.5 0

4.60

4.70

4*80

over

i
i

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2
2

-

-

12
12

-

-

-

-

~

_

2
1

27
27

4
4

5

_

_

10
10

25
25

6
4

13
13

_

_

_

_

-

30
30

_

_

1 l
11

4
4

_

_

-

_

-

-

8
8

-

-

4
4

i
and
3 , 1(3 unde
3.20

S
3 .9 3
3 .9 3

$
9.0 5
9.0 5

$
$
4 .0 1 - 4 .0 9
4 .0 1 - 4 .0 9

123

120

3 .9 9
3 .9 9

4.0 8
4.0 8

3 .6 3 - 9 .2 6
3 .6 3 - 4 .2 5

“

FIREMEN, STATIONARY BOILER ----------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

38
38

3 .7 9
3 . 74

3 .7 8
3.7 8

3 .3 7 - 9.1 8
3 .3 7 - 9.1 8

4
4

-

HELPERS,

8

15

CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE ----------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

17
17

ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE ------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

MAINTENANCE TRADES --------

28

3.4 8

3.4 4

3 .3 9 -

MACHINE-TCGL OPERATORS, TOOLROOM
MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

93
93

9 .2 6
9.2 6

4 .3 3
9 .3 3

9 .2 1 - 9.3 8
4 .2 1 - 4.3 8

MACHINISTS,

MAINTENANCE ------------------------------------------------

41
39

9.2 1
4 . 19

4 . 19
9 . 18

4 .0 7 - 4.3 6
4 .0 6 - 4.3 5

MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE
( MAINTENANCE ) -----------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------NUNMANUFACTURING -------------------------PUBLIC U TI LIT IE S3---------------------

55
26
29
29

3 .9 7
3 .8 0
9.1 3
4.1 3

4 .0 8
4.0 4
4 . 18
9 . 18

3 .7 9 - 9 .2 2
3 .2 8 - 4 .0 9
3 .9 8 - 9.9 2
3 .9 3 - 4 .4 2

MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE ------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

203
195

3.9 1
3.8 9

4 .0 2
4 .0 2

3 .5 7 - 9.2 1
3 .5 7 - 4.1 8

MILLWRIGHTS ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

129
129

4.0 9
4.0 9

4.0 8
9.0 8

4 .0 4 - 4.1 5
9 .0 9 - 9.1 5

28

MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

2b

3.6 2
3 .6 2

3 .7 8
3 .7 6

3 .3 7 3 .3 7 -

3.8 6
3 .8 6

PIPEFITTERS, MAINTENANCE --------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

47
47

9.1 2
4 . 12

9 . 12
4 . 12

4 .0 6 4 .0 6 -

4.1 9
4.1 9

TOOL AN0 DIE MAKERS ------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------

163
163

4 .4 1
4 . 41

4 .4 9
4.4 9

4 .1 9 4 .1 9 -

4.5 8
4.5 8

manufacturing

1
2
3

3 .4 9

E x clu d e s p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w o rk on w e e k e n d s ,
F o r d e fin itio n o f t e r m s , s e e fo o tn o te 2, ta b le A - l .
T r a n s p o r t a t io n , co m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s .




h o lid a y s ,

and la te s h ift s .

1

5

4

-

-

-

-

12

Ta b le A -5 .

C ustodia l and material m o v e m e n t occu p a tio n s

(A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t -t im e h o u r ly ea rn in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u stry d iv is io n , M u sk eg on —M u s k eg on H e ig h ts, M ic h ., June 1970)

2
'

4
*

E x cl u d es pr e m iu m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r work on w e ek en d s, h o lid a y s, and late shifts.
F o r def inition of t e r m s , s e e footno te 2, table A - l .
Includes all d r i v e r s , as def ine d, r e g a r d l e s s o f s i z e and type o f truck op e ra te d .
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , and o t h e r pu blic utilities.




13

B.

Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions

T a b l e B -1 .

M in im u m entran ce salaries for w o m e n office w o r k e r s

(D is t ri bu t io n o f e s t a bl is hm e nt s studied in all in du st r ie s and in in dus tr y di v is i o n s by m in im um e nt ra nc e s a la ry f o r se l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s
o f i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , M us ke go n—M us ke go n Heights, M i c h , , June 1970)

T h e se s a la r i e s relate to f o r m a l l y es ta bl is he d m in i m u m starting (hi ring) re g u l a r st r a i g h t - t im e s a la r i e s that a re paid fo r standard w or kw ee k s.
E x cl u de s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s such as m e s s e n g e r o r o f f i c e g ir l.
Data a re p r e se n t e d f o r all standard w o rk w e ek s c o m b in e d , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n standard w o rk w e e k r e p o rt ed .




14




Table B-2.

Shift differentials

( L a t e - s h i f t p ay p r o v i s i o n s f o r m an u f a ct u ri n g plant w o r k e r s b y type and amount o f p ay d i f f e r e n t i a l ,
M u sk e g on —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h . , June 1970)

P e r c e n t o f m an uf a ct ur in g plant w o r k e r s —

L a t e - s h i f t p ay p r o v i s i o n

In e s t a b l is h m e n t s having p r o v i s i o n s 1
f o r late shifts
S e c o n d shift

T h i r d o r o th er
shift

A c t u a ll y w o r k i n g on late shifts

S ec o n d shift

T h i r d o r ot he r
shift

99.8

92.5

19.9

6.0

No p ay d i f f e r e n t i a l f o r w o r k on late s h i f t ----------

0.9

0.9

0.2

0.1

P a y d i f f e r e n t i a l f o r w o r k on late s h i f t __________

98.9

91.6

19.7

5.9

U n i f o r m ce n ts ( p e r h o u r ) __________________

77.4

74.3

17.4

5.3

5 c e n t s ___________________________________
6 c e n t s __________________ _______________
7 c e n t s ___________________________________
V c e n t s --------------------------------------------------c e n t s ___________________________________
10 c e n t s ___________________________________
11 c e n t s ___________________________________
12 c e n t s -----------------------------------------------------15 c e n t s ___________________________________
16 c e n t s -----------------------------------------------------20 c e n t s ___________________________________

5.8
2.2
.7
1.1
38.4
29.3
'

13.5
30.9
2.2
19.1
1.7
5.7
1.1

.1
10.8
4.5
-

.6
1.2
.3
2.0
1.1
.1

U n i f o r m p e r c e n t a g e _____________________ —

19.1

14.2

1.7

.1

5 p e r c e n t _________________________________
6 p e r c e n t _____
________________________
V p e r c e n t ----------------------------------------------7 p e r c e n t _________________________________
1 3 2 / s p e r c e n t _____________________________

7.0
.7
1 1.4
-

2.1
.7
11.4

.8
.1
.8
-

.1
-

Oth er f o r m a l p ay d i f f e r e n t i a l ---------------------

2.4

3.2

.6

.5

T ot al ___________________________________________

T y p e and amo un t o f d i f f e r e n t i a l :

72
8

63

1
Incl ude s al l plant w o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y
e ve n though the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e not c u r r e n t l y o p er a t in g late shifts.

_
-

1.4
.7

-

-

-

o p e r a t in g ,

o r having

form al

_
-

provisions covering

late shi fts ,

15

Ta b le B -3 .

S c h e d u le d

w e e k ly

ho u rs

(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f plant and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u str y d iv is io n s b y sc h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s 1
o f f i r s t - s h if t w o r k e r s , M u sk eg on r-M u sk egon H eig h ts , M ic h ., June 1970)

Plant workers

Office workers

Weekly hours
All industries 2

100

Manufacturing

100

Public utilities 3

All industries4

Manufacturing

100

100

100

98

97

99

-

-

100

Public utilities3

(5)
2
90

4^ V-imir «
48 hours__________ -_________ __ .....____ ____

5
(5)

1
2

91

6

83

1

(5)
14

2
_________________________

1
2
3
4
5

S ch e d u le d h ou rs a r e the w e e k ly h o u r s w h ich a m a jo r it y o f the f u l l- t im e w o r k e r s w e r e e x p e c te d to w o r k , w h e th e r th ey w e r e pa id f o r at s t r a ig h t -t im e o r o v e r t im e r a te s .
In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s ta te , and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to th o se in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly .
T r a n s p o r t a t io n , co m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s .
In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to t h o s e in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly .
L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t .




-

16

Ta b le B -4 .

P aid holidays

(P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f plant and o f f ic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u s tr y d iv is io n s b y n u m b er o f paid h o lid a y s p r o v id e d a n n u ally , M u sk eg on —M u s k eg on H e ig h ts, M ic h ., June 1970)
O ffic e w o r k e r s

Plant w o r k e r s
Item
A ll in d u s t r ie s 1

A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------------

W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g
paid h o l id a y s --------------------------------------------------------W o rk e rs in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g
no paid h o l id a y s ---------------------------------------- --- .

M a n u fa ctu rin g

P u b lic u t il it i e s 2

A ll in d u s t r ie s 3

M a n u fa ctu rin g

P u b lic u t il it i e s 2

100

100

100

100

100

100

99

100

100

99

100

100

1

-

-

(4 )

-

-

-

(4)

(4)
3
-

-

N u m b er o f days
3 h o l id a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------

1

1
2

6 h o l id a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------6 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf d a y --------------------------------------6 h o lid a y s plus 2 h a lf d a y s ------------------------------------

3
( 4)

-

7 h o l id a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------7 h o lid a y s plu s 2 h a lf d a y s -----------------------------------8 h o l id a y s -----------------------------------------------------------------8 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf day-------------------------------------9 h o l id a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------10 h o lid a y s ---------------------------------------------------------------13 h o lid a y s plus 1 h a lf d a y ------------------------------------

3
4

4

2

6
1
29
51

1
1

1

33
58
“

3
-

54
37

6
~
"

2

3
3

2

i
19
3
37
29
(4)

2
1
2
8
45
39

_

1
1
1
-

79
19
-

T o ta l h o lid a y tim e 5
13 l/z d a y s o r m o r e --------------------------------------------------10 d a y s o r m o r e ----------- -----------------------------------------9 d a y s o r m o r e -------------------------------------------------------8Vz d a y s o r m o r e ---------------------------------------------------8 d a y s o r m o r e --------------- ---------------------------------------7 d a y s o r m o r e -------------------------------------------------------672 d a y s o r m o r e ---------------------------------------------------6 d a y s o r m o r e -------------------------------------------------------3 d a y s o r m o r e --------------------------------------------------------

1
2
3
4
5

51
80
81
91
95
96
98
99

58
90
90
96
98
98
99

100

-

6
43
97

100
100
100
100

(4)
29

66
69
90
95
97
98
99

39
84
84
94
96
96
99

100

_
19
98
99
99

100
100

In clu d e s data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to th o s e in d u s tr y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly .
T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s .
In clu d e s data fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e ; r e t a il t r a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to th o s e in d u s tr y d i v is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly .
L e s s than 0 .5 p e r c e n t .
A ll c o m b in a t io n s o f fu ll and h a lf d a y s that add to the sa m e am ou n t a r e c o m b in e d ; fo r e x a m p le , the p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g a to ta l o f 9 d a y s in c lu d e s th o s e w ith 9 fu ll days
and no h a lf d a y s , 8 fu ll d a y s and 2 h a lf d a y s , 7 fu ll d a y s and 4 h a lf d a y s , and s o on .
P r o p o r t io n s then w e r e c u m u la te d .




17

T a b le B -5 .

P aid

va catio ns1

(Percent distribution of plant and office workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Muskegon—Muskegon Heights, Mich., June 1970)
Plant w o r k e r s

O ffic e w o rk e r s

V a c a tio n p o lic y
A ll in d u s tr ie s 2

A ll w o r k e r s ------------------------------------------------------

M a nufacturing

P u b lic u t il it i e s 3

A ll in d u s t r ie s 4

M anufacturing

P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

44
56

100
100

100

50
50

100
100

“

M ethod o f pa y m en t
W o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r o v id in g
pa id v a c a t io n s ------------------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f-t im e p a y m e n t ------------------------------- P e r c e n ta g e p a y m e n t ----------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts p r o v id in g
no paid v a c a t io n s --------------------------------------------------

98

-

2

97
3

"

"

"

"

16
13
9

18
13

..

11

5
54

54
42

50
47

~

A m ou n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 5
A fte r 6 m on th s o f s e r v i c e
U n der 1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------1 w eek . ---- . -----------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------

10

-

11

8
57
16

_
13
-

A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v i c e

1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d er 2 w e e k s -------------------------------------

2 w e e k s ------------------- ------ —------ ---------------------------------

3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------- ---------- - ........—
O v e r 3 and u nd er 4 w e e k s -------------------------------------

2
1
1

1
1
1

80
5

15
( 6)
79

-

29
(6 )
67
4

92
-

11
-

-

-

-

23
72
5
-

4
(6 )
92
4

( 6)
93
-

-

-

-

3
92
5

1

1

(6 )
95

(6)
93

-

-

-

4

6

-

-

-

-

-

6

8
-

A fte r 2 y ea rs of s e r v ice

1 w e e k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u nd er 2 w eek s -----------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u nd er 3 w e e k s .------- ---------------------------3 w e e k s _____________________________________________
O v e r 3 and under 4 w e e k s -------------------------------------

47
42
9
(6 )

1
1

49
47

2
-

1
1

-

1
6

8

92
-

*

A fte r 3 y ea rs o f s e r v ice

1 w e e k ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and u nd er 2 w eek s ---------------- —......... .........
2 w e e k s -------- -------------- --------------------------------- -----O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and und er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------

15
30
53
(6)

1
1

15
34
49
-

1
1

1
99

A fte r 4 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 w e e k ---- ---------- ----------------------------------------------O v e r 1 and und er 2 w e e k s ---------------- -------------------2 w e e k s ------- ---------- --------- ---------------------------------- -----O v e r 2 and under 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u nd er 4 w e e k s . . . . . . — —
4 w e e k s ----------------------- . . . _______________________

See footnotes at end of table.




15
30
53
(6 )

1
1

15
34
49
.

1
1

3
-

92
5
-

1

1

(6 )
95

(‘ )
93

-

-

4

6

-

.

1
-

99
-

18

Ta b le B -5 .

P a id v a c a t i o n s 1------ C o n tin u e d

(Percent distribution of plant and office workers in all industries and in industry divisions by vacation pay provisions, Muskegon-Muskegon Heights, M ich., June 1970)
Plant w o r k e r s
V a ca tio n p o l ic y

A ll in d u s t r ie s 2

M an u fa ctu rin g

O ffice w o r k e r s
P u b lic u t ilit ie s 3

A ll in d u s t r ie s 4

M a nufacturing

P u b lic u t il it i e s 3

A m ou n t o f v a c a tio n p a y 5— C on tin u ed

A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------- --------- ------ ------------O v e r 2 and und er 3 w e e k s ------------------------------------3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and und er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------4 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------

2
53
40
4

i

51
44

_

i
-

95
5
_

1

i

-

_
3
92
5
-

1

2

(6 )
91

(6 )

2

87
4
5
.
4

-

-

2

4
-

_

100
_
_
_
_
-

A fte r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------

2
12

1
11

O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s -----------------------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and und er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------

26
54
3

30
54
3

1
1

1
1

(6 )

22
74
4

(6 )

27
67
-

6

-

-

-

95
5
-

(6 )

(6 )

15

18

.

6

_
94
_
_
-

A f t e r 12 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------------------- -2 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and und er 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------- 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u nd er 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------- ----- ---------

2
8
25
59
5
i

1

1
7
28
58
5

1
1

-

_
-

(6 )

(6 )

80
4

75
-

6

_

-

-

-

(6 )
3
-

t6 )

85

100 ■

A fte r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 w eek — ___________________________________________
2 w e e k s __________________________ ______ - _____ ______
O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s -------------- ----------------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and und er 4 w e e k s -------------- ------ ---------4 w e e k s ----------------- ---------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 and u n d er 5 w e e k s ------------------------------------5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------6 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------

2
2
1
41
47

8

1
-

1
38
52

50
45
5

2
8

3

_
-

-

-

84
4

81

8

(6 )

7
-

1

1

-

-

-

-

-

(6 )

1

2
2

1

_
-

(6 )

(6 )

-

3
25
-

-

-

19
-

A fte r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 w e e k --------------------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er 3 w e e k s ------------------- --------------3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 and u nd er 4 w e e k s . —--------------------------------4 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 and u nd er 5 w eek s — --------------------------------5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------6 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------

See footnotes at end of table.




_
.

-

66

3

3
32
-

69

92

63

69

94

15

16

-

-

(6 )

2
1

-

i

11
3

2

1
8

2

3

5
-

2

6
-

19

Ta b le B -5 .

Paid

v a c a t io n s 1------C o n tin u e d

( P e r c e n t d is t r ib u t io n o f pla n t and o ff ic e w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r ie s and in in d u str y d iv is io n s by v a c a tio n pay p r o v is i o n s , M u sk eg on —M u sk eg on H eig h ts, M i c h . , June 1970)
Plant w o r k e r s
V acation policy
A ll in d u s t r ie s 2

Manufacturing

O ffice w o rk e rs

Public utilities3

A ll in d u s t r ie s 4

Manufacturing

Public utilities3

A m o u n t o f v a c a t i o n p a y 5— C o n t i n u e d

A fter

25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e

1 w e e k ------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 and u n d er

3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------- —

2
2
1

3 w e e k s . -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------

9

4 w e e k s ------------------- ----------------------------------- -------------------------------O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------w e e k s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

60
16

6

A fter

30 y e a r s

O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------------------3 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------4 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s --------------------------------------------5 w e e k s . . . --------------------------------------------------------------------------- —
w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6

1
2

_
-

(‘ )
3
-

(6)
3
-

3
-

25
-

15
-

43
5

63

76
-

67
-

5

26

1
8
2
64
17

9

8

-

-

(6 )

48

8

-

(6 )

-

-

1
8
2

-

(6 )
3
.

1

_
-

6
-

-

of service

1 w e e k ------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------------

M axim u m

2

1
-

2
2
1
9

2
58
16

1

61

17

3
43

5

25
63
-

(6 )
3
15
75
-

6

5

48

5

6

-

2

3
3

2
2
1

_

(6)

(6)

-

7

_
-

6
67
26

-

v a ca tio n available

w e e k ...................................................................................................—
w e e k s _________________________________________________________
O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------------- - 3 w e e k s _________________________________________________________
O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ------------------------------------------4 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 a n d u n d e r 5 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------5 w e e k s _________________________________________________________
6 w e e k s -------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------O v e r 6 w e e k s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

9

2
58
16
5

6

1

1
8
2
61
17

3
7

-

3
43

5
48
-

3
25
63
-

3

15
75
-

5

1

4

6

_
-

6
67
26
-

(6)

1 In clu d e s b a s ic p la n s o n ly . E x clu d e s p la n s such as v a c a tio n b on u s, v a c a t io n -s a v in g s , and th o se p la n s w h ich o ff e r " e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t ic a l " b e n e fit s b ey on d b a s ic plans to w o r k e r s
w ith q u a lify in g len gth s o f s e r v i c e .
T y p ic a l of su ch e x c lu s io n s a r e p la n s in the ste e l, alu m in u m , and ca n in d u s t r ie s .
2 In clu d es data f o r w h o le s a le tra d e , r e t a il tra d e, r e a l e sta te , and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to th ose in d u str y d iv is io n s show n s e p a r a te ly .
3 T r a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ica tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s .
4 In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tra d e ; r e t a il tra d e ; fin a n ce , in s u ra n ce , and r e a l e sta te ; and s e r v i c e s , in a d d ition to th o se in d u str y d i v is io n s show n s e p a r a t e ly .
5 In clu d es pa ym en t o th er than "len g th o f t im e , " su ch as p e r ce n ta g e o f annual e a rn in g s o r fla t - s u m p a y m en ts, co n v e r te d to an e q u iv a len t tim e b a s is ; fo r e x a m p le , a p a y m en t o f 2 p e r c e n t
o f annual ea rn in g s w as c o n s id e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's pay.
P e r io d s o f s e r v i c e w e re c h o s e n a r b it r a r i ly and d o not n e c e s s a r i ly r e f le c t the in d iv id u a l p r o v is io n s fo r p r o g r e s s i o n .
F o r e x a m p le , the
ch a n g es in p r o p o r t io n s in d ic a te d at 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e in clu d e ch a n g es in p r o v is io n s o c c u r r in g b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s .
E s tim a t e s a r e cu m u la tiv e .
T hus, the p r o p o r t io n e lig ib le fo r 3 w e e k s'
pay o r m o r e a ft e r 10 y e a r s in clu d e s th ose e lig ib le fo r 3 w e e k s' p a y o r m o r e a ft e r fe w e r y e a r s o f s e r v i c e .
6 L e s s than 0. 5 p e r c e n t .




20

Ta b le B -6 .

Health, insurance, and pension plans

(Percent of plant and office workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing
health, insurance, or pension benefits, Muskegorr-Muskegon Heights, Mich., June 1970)

Type of benefit and
financing 1

Plant workers
All industries 2

Manufacturing

All workers---------------------------------------------

100

100

Workers in establishments providing at
least 1 of the benefits shown below_________

Office workers
Public utilities ^5

All industries 4

Manufacturing

Public utilities J

100

100

10 0

100

100

100

100

99

100

10 0

Life insurance------------------------------------------Noncontributory plans--------------------------Accidental death and dismemberment
insurance__________ _____________________
Noncontributory plans-------- -------- ---Sickness and accident insurance or
sick leave or both 5 ----------------------------------

98

98
90

100

89

99
72

99
81

99
92

90
80

95
86

28
28

73
49

86
68

6
6

97

99

94

95

97

99

Sickness and accident insurance-----------Noncontributory plans---------------------Sick leave (full pay and no
waiting period)-----------------------------------Sick leave (partial pay or
waiting period)------------------------------------

95
85

99
89

22
22

40
31

54
44

7

5

1

48

67

76

30

3

-

24

18

8

62

Hospitalization insurance--------------------------Noncontributory plans------------------------Surgical insurance------------------------------------Noncontributory plans--------------------------Medical insurance------------------------------------Noncontributory plans--------------------------Major medical insurance--------------------------Noncontributory plans ------------------------Retirement pension____ ___________________
Noncontributory plans---------------------------

99

100

100

99
63
99
63
99
63
87
62
93
78

100

100

88

88

91

65

99

100

100

88

91
97
89
42
33
96
96

97
85
47
37
93
92

65

100

65
89
89
95
95

7

74

30

100

100

1 00

10 0

74

74
82
56
96
78

30

30
92
92
91
91

1 Estimates listed after type of benefit are for all plans for which at least a part of the cost is borne by the employer.
"Noncontributory plans" include only those plans financed
entirely by the employer. Excluded are legally required plans, such as workmen's compensation, social security, and railroad retirement.
2 Includes data for wholesale trade, retail trade, real estate, and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.
4 Includes data for wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, in addition to those industry divisions shown separately.
5 Unduplicated total of workers receiving sick leave or sickness and accident insurance shown separately below. Sick leave plans are limited to those which definitely establish at least
the minimum number of days' pay that can be expected by each employee. Informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded.




21

T a b le B -7 .

M e th o d of w a g e dete rm in atio n and fre q u e n c y of p a y m e n t

P e rc ent d is tr ib u tio n
and

freq u ency

of

o f pla nt and o ffic e

wage

paym ent,

w orkers

in a l l

M u s k e g o n —M u s k e g o n

in d u stries
H eig h ts,

and

in in d u s t r y

M ich . ,

June

d ivision s

by

m ethod

of wage

d eterm in a tion

1

1970)

O ffice

Plant w o r k e r s

w orkers

Item
A ll in d u s t r ie s 2

A l l w o r k e r s ______________________________________

P u blic

M an u fa cturin g

u tilities3

A ll in d u s tr ie s 4

M an u fa ctu rin g

P u blic

u tilities3

100

100

100

100

100

100

81
81

80
80

100

100

20

100
100

100

21

92

93

59

60

39
61

92

93
4
89

22

21

24

18

12

63

17

17

37

58

63

19

20

21

17
7
_

7

2
11

-

15

20
8
6
2
12

4

5

-

7

-

M ethod o f wage determ in ation 1
P a i d t i m e r a t e s _______________________________________
F o r m a l r a t e p o l i c y ______________________________
S i n g l e r a t e -------------------------------------------------------R a n g e o f r a t e s ------------------------------------------------P r o g r e s s i o n b a s e d on a u t o m a t i c
a d v a n c e m e n t a c c o r d i n g to
le n g t h o f s e r v i c e _______________________
P r o g r e s s i o n b a s e d on m e r i t
r e v i e w -------------------------------------------------------P r o g r e s s i o n b a s e d on a
c o m b i n a t i o n o f le n g t h o f
s e r v i c e and m e r i t r e v i e w _____________
X o f o r m a l r a t e p o l i c y ----------------------------------------P a i d bv i n c e n t i v e m e t h o d s _________________________
P i e c e r a t e --------------------------------------------------------------I n d i v i d u a l _______________________________________
G r o u p -----------------------------------------------------------------P r o d u c t i o n b o n u s _________________________________
I n d i v i d u a l ----------------------------------------------------------G r o u p -----------------------------------------------------------------C o m m is s i o n _______________________________________

(5)
19
7

(5 )

s

6
2

1

(5 )

91

8
-

8
_

M e t h o d o f d e t e r m i n i n g i n c e n t i v e p a y o f o f f i c e w o r k e r s not p r e s e n t e d

•

F r e q u e n c y o f wage paym ent
W e e k l y _______________________ _________________________
R i w o e k l v _______________________________________________
S e m i m o n t h l y ---------------------------------------------------------------M o n t h l y .... ........ .................................................. ........................
O t h e r f r e q u e n c y ---------------------------------------------------------

1
2
4
5

F or

a

descrip tion

of

the

m ethods

of

88

88

94

-

-

4

12

12

(5)

wage

determ in ation ,

see

In clu d es data fo r w h o le s a le tr a d e ,
retail tra d e ,
real estate,
T ran sportation ,
com m u n ica tion ,
and oth er p u blic u tilities.
Inclu d es
Less

data

than

0. S




for

w h olesa le

percent.

trade;

retail

trade;

fin an ce,

29
50
18

2

19
49
28
4

3

(5)

Introd u ction .
and

se rv ice s,

in su ra n ce,

and

real

in

ad d ition
estate;

to

and

those

in du stry

s e rv ice s,

in

d iv ision s

ad d ition

to

shown
those

se p arately .

in d u stry

d iv ision s

shown

sep arately.

91
8
-

2

A p p e n d ix .

O c c u p a tio n a l D e s c rip tio n s

T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r the B u r e a u ' s w a g e s u r v e y s i s to a s s i s t its f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g in to a p p r o p r i a t e
o c c u p a t i o n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p l o y e d u n d e r a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l t i t l e s a n d d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t to e s t a b l i s h m e n t and
f r o m a r e a to a r e a .
T h i s p e r m i t s the g r o u p i n g o f o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t i n g c o m p a r a b l e j o b c o n t e n t .
B e c a u s e o f th is e m p h a s i s on
i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t an d i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f o c c u p a t i o n a l c o n t e n t , the B u r e a u ' s j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m t h o s e in u s e in
i n d iv i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s .
In a p p l y i n g t h e s e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , the B u r e a u ' s f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e i n s t r u c t e d
to e x c l u d e w o r k i n g
s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t i c e s ; l e a r n e r s ; b e g i n n e r s ; t r a i n e e s ; an d h a n d i c a p p e d ,
p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , an d p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s .

O FFIC E
BILLER,

CLERK,

MACHINE

P r e p a r e s s t a t e m e n t s , b i l l s , and i n v o i c e s on a m a c h i n e o t h e r than an o r d i n a r y o r e l e c t r o m atic typew riter.
M a y a l s o k e e p r e c o r d s a s to b i l l i n g s o r s h i p p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r
c l e r i c a l w o r k in c i d e n t a l to b i l l i n g o p e r a t i o n s . F o r w a g e st u d y p u r p o s e s , b i l l e r s , m a c h i n e , a r e
c l a s s i f i e d b y t ype o f m a c h i n e , a s f o l l o w s :
B i l l e r , m a c h i n e (b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) . U s e s a s p e c i a l b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ( M o o n H o p k i n s , E l l i o t t
F i s h e r , B u r r o u g h s , e t c . , w h i c h a r e c o m b i n a t i o n ty p i n g and a d d i n g m a c h i n e s ) t o p r e p a r e b i l l s
and i n v o i c e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , i n t e r n a l l y p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , s h i p p in g m e m o ­
r a n d u m s , e t c . U s u a l l y i n v o l v e s a p p l i c a t i o n o f p r e d e t e r m i n e d d i s c o u n t s and s h i p p in g c h a r g e s ,
and e n t r y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s i o n s , w h i c h m a y o r m a y not be c o m p u t e d on the b i l l i n g m a c h i n e ,
and t o t a l s w h i c h a r e a u t o m a t i c a l l y a c c u m u l a t e d b y m a c h i n e . T h e o p e r a t i o n u s u a l l y i n v o l v e s
a l a r g e n u m b e r o f c a r b o n c o p i e s o f the b il l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is o ft e n d o n e on a f a n fo l d
m achin e.
B ille r , m a ch in e (b ookkeep in g m a ch in e ). U ses a book k eep in g m a ch in e (Sundstrand, Elliott
F i s h e r , R e m i n g t o n R a n d , e t c . , w h i c h m a y o r m a y no t h a ve t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e
c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s a s p a r t o f the a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e o p e r a t i o n . G e n e r a l l y i n v o l v e s the s i m u l t a ­
neous entry of fig u re s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . The m ach in e a u to m a tica lly a ccu m u la te s
f i g u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l c o l u m n s and c o m p u t e s , and u s u a l l y p r i n t s a u t o m a t i c a l l y the
d e b i t o r c r e d i t b a l a n c e s . D o e s not i n v o l v e a k n o w l e d g e o f b o o k k e e p i n g . W o r k s f r o m u n i f o r m
and s t a n d a r d t y p e s o f s a l e s and c r e d i t s l i p s .

BOOKKEEPING-M ACHINE

OPERATOR

O p er a tes a b ook k eep in g m a ch in e (R em in g ton Rand, E lliott F is h e r , Sundstrand, B u r ro u g h s,
N a t i o n a l C a s h R e g i s t e r , w ith o r w i t h o u t a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s i n e s s
transactions.
C la s s A.
K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u i r i n g a k n o w l e d g e o f and e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c
b o o k k e e p i n g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m i l i a r i t y with the s t r u c t u r e o f the p a r t i c u l a r a c c o u n t i n g s y s t e m
u s e d . D e t e r m i n e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d e b i t and c r e d i t i t e m s to b e u s e d in e a c h
p h a s e o f the w o r k .
M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o l i d a t e d r e p o r t s , b a l a n c e s h e e t s , and o t h e r r e c o r d s
b y ha nd.
C l a s s B. K e e p s a r e c o r d o f o ne o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s o f a s e t o f r e c o r d s u s u a l l y
r e q u i r i n g Tittle k n o w l e d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g . P h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s in c l u d e a c c o u n t s p a y a b l e ,
p a y r o l l , c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (n ot in c l u d i n g a s i m p l e t ype o f b i l l i n g d e s c r i b e d u n d e r b i l l e r ,
m achin e), c o s t distribution, exp en s e d istribu tion , inventory co n tr o l, etc. M ay ch ec k or a s s is t
in p r e p a r a t i o n o f t r i a l b a l a n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l s h e e t s f o r the a c c o u n t i n g d e p a r t m e n t .
CLERK,

ACCOUNTING

C l a s s A . U n d e r g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f a b o o k k e e p e r o r a c c o u n t a n t , ha s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r
k e e p i n g on e o r m o r e s e c t i o n s o f a c o m p l e t e s e t o f b o o k s o r r e c o r d s r e l a t i n g to one p h a s e
o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s b u s i n e s s t r a n s a c t i o n s . W o r k i n v o l v e s p o s t i n g and b a l a n c i n g s u b s i d i a r y
l e d g e r o r l e d g e r s s u c h a s a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e o r a c c o u n t s p a y a b l e ; e x a m i n i n g and c o d i n g
i n v o i c e s o r v o u c h e r s with p r o p e r a c c o u n t i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n ; and r e q u i r e s j u d g m e n t and e x p e r i ­
e n c e in m a k i n g p r o p e r a s s i g n a t i o n s and a l l o c a t i o n s . M a y a s s i s t in p r e p a r i n g , a d j u s t i n g , and
c l o s i n g j o u r n a l e n t r i e s ; and m a y d i r e c t c l a s s B a c c o u n t i n g c l e r k s .
C l a s s B. U n d e r s u p e r v i s i o n , p e r f o r m s o ne o r m o r e ro u t i n e a c c o u n t i n g o p e r a t i o n s su c h
a s p o s t in g s i m p l e j o u r n a l v o u c h e r s o r a c c o u n t s p a y a b le v o u c h e r s ,
e n t e r i n g v o u c h e r s in
v o u c h e r r e g i s t e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g b an k a c c o u n t s ; and p o s t i n g s u b s i d i a r y l e d g e r s c o n t r o l l e d by
g e n e r a l l e d g e r s , o r p o s t i n g s i m p l e c o s t a c c o u n t i n g da t a . T h i s j o b d o e s not r e q u i r e a k n o w l ­
e d g e o f a c c o u n t i n g and b o o k k e e p i n g p r i n c i p l e s but is fo u n d in o f f i c e s in w h i c h the m o r e ro u t i n e
a c c o u n t i n g w o r k is s u b d i v i d e d on a fu n c t i o n a l b a s i s a m o n g s e v e r a l w o r k e r s .




22

FILE

C l a s s A . In an e s t a b l i s h e d f i l i n g s y s t e m c o n t a i n i n g a n u m b e r o f v a r i e d s u b j e c t m a t t e r
f i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s and i n d e x e s f i l e m a t e r i a l su c h a s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s ,
technical d o c u ­
m e n t s , e t c . M a y a l s o f i l e th is m a t e r i a l . M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r i o u s t y p e s in c o n j u n c t i o n
with the f i l e s .
M a y le a d a s m a l l g r o u p o f l o w e r l e v e l f i l e c l e r k s .

C l a s s B . S o r t s , c o d e s , and f i l e s u n c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l b y s i m p l e ( s u b j e c t m a t t e r ) h e a d ­
in gs o r p a r t l y c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l b y f i n e r s u b h e a d i n g s . P r e p a r e s s i m p l e r e l a t e d in d e x and
c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a i d s . A s r e q u e s t e d , l o c a t e s c l e a r l y id e n t i f i e d m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s
m aterial.
May p e r fo r m related c l e r i c a l
tasks req u ired
to m a in t a in and s e r v i c e f i l e s .

C l a s s C . P e r f o r m s r o u t i n e f i l i n g o f m a t e r i a l that ha s a l r e a d y b e e n c l a s s i f i e d o r w h ic h
is e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s i m p l e s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m ( e . g . , a l p h a b e t i c a l , c h r o n o l o g i c a l ,
o r n u m e r i c a l ) . A s r e q u e s t e d , l o c a t e s r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a ­
t e r i a l ; and m a y f i l l out w i t h d r a w a l c h a r g e . P e r f o r m s s i m p l e c l e r i c a l and m a n u a l t a s k s r e ­
q u i r e d to m a i n t a i n and s e r v i c e f i l e s .

CLERK,

ORDER

R e c e iv e s c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s fo r m a te r ia l or m e r c h a n d is e by m a il, phone, or p erson a lly.
D u t ie s i n v o l v e a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g : Q u o t in g p r i c e s to c u s t o m e r s ; m a k i n g out an o r d e r
s h e e t li s t i n g the i t e m s to m a k e up the o r d e r ; c h e c k i n g p r i c e s and q u a n t i t i e s o f i t e m s on o r d e r
s h e e t ; and d i s t r i b u t i n g o r d e r s h e e t s to r e s p e c t i v e d e p a r t m e n t s to be f i l l e d . M a y c h e c k with c r e d i t
d e p a r t m e n t to d e t e r m i n e c r e d i t ra t in g o f c u s t o m e r , a c k n o w l e d g e r e c e i p t o f o r d e r s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ,
f o l l o w up o r d e r s to s e e that t h e y h a v e b e e n f i l l e d , k e e p f i l e o f o r d e r s r e c e i v e d , and c h e c k sh i p p in g
i n v o i c e s w ith o r i g i n a l o r d e r s .

CLERK,

PAYROLL

C o m p u t e s w a g e s o f c o m p a n y e m p l o y e e s and e n t e r s the n e c e s s a r y data on the p a y r o l l
s h e e t s . D u t ie s i n v o l v e : C a l c u l a t i n g w o r k e r s ' e a r n i n g s b a s e d on t i m e o r p r o d u c t i o n r e c o r d s ; and
p o s t i n g c a l c u l a t e d da ta on p a y r o l l s h e e t , s h o w i n g i n f o r m a t i o n su c h a s w o r k e r ' s n a m e , w o r k i n g
d a y s , t i m e , r a t e , d e d u c t i o n s f o r i n s u r a n c e , and t o t al w a g e s d u e . M a y m a k e out p a y c h e c k s and
a s s i s t p a y m a s t e r in m a k i n g up and d i s t r i b u t i n g pa y e n v e l o p e s .
M ay use a calculatin g m a ch in e.

COMPTOMETER

OPERATOR

P r i m a r y du ty is to o p e r a t e a C o m p t o m e t e r to p e r f o r m m a t h e m a t i c a l c o m p u t a t i o n s . T h is
j o b is not to b e c o n f u s e d with that o f s t a t i s t i c a l o r o t h e r t y p e o f c l e r k , w h i c h m a y i n v o l v e f r e ­
q ue nt u s e o f a C o m p t o m e t e r but, in w h i c h , u s e o f th is m a c h i n e is i n c i d e n t a l to p e r f o r m a n c e of
other duties.

KEYPUNCH

OPERATOR

C l a s s A . O p e r a t e s a n u m e r i c a l a n d / o r a l p h a b e t i c a l o r c o m b i n a t i o n k e y p u n c h m a c h i n e to
t r a n s c r i b e da ta f r o m v a r i o u s s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s to k e y p u n c h t a b u l a t i n g c a r d s . P e r f o r m s s a m e
t a s k s a s l o w e r l e v e l k e y p u n c h o p e r a t o r but, in a d d i t i o n , w o r k r e q u i r e s a p p l i c a t i o n o f c o d i n g
s k i l l s and the m a k i n g o f s o m e d e t e r m i n a t i o n s , f o r e x a m p l e , l o c a t e s on the s o u r c e d o c u m e n t
the i t e m s to be p u n ch e d ; e x t r a c t s i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m s e v e r a l d o c u m e n t s ; and s e a r c h e s f o r and
i n t e r p r e t s i n f o r m a t i o n on the d o c u m e n t to d e t e r m i n e i n f o r m a t i o n to be p u n c h e d .
M a y t r a in
inexperienced operators.

23
K E Y P U N C H O P E R A T O R — C o n t in u e d

S E C R E T A R Y — C o n t in u e d

C la s s B.
U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n o r fo l lo w i n g s p e c i f i c p r o c e d u r e s o r i n s t r u c t i o n s ,
t r a n s c r i b e s d a ta f r o m s o u r c e d o c u m e n ts to p u n ch ed c a r d s .
O p e r a te s a n u m e r ic a l a n d /o r
a l p h a b e t i c a l o r c o m b i n a t i o n k e y p u n c h m a c h in e t o k e y p u n c h t a b u la t in g c a r d s . M a y v e r i f y c a r d s .
W o r k in g f r o m v a r i o u s s t a n d a r d iz e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s , f o l l o w s s p e c i f i e d s e q u e n c e s w h ic h h a v e
b e e n c o d e d o r p r e s c r i b e d in d e t a il a n d r e q u i r e li t t le o r n o s e l e c t i n g , c o d in g , o r i n t e r p r e t in g
o f d a ta t o b e p u n c h e d . P r o b l e m s a r i s i n g f r o m e r r o n e o u s i t e m s o r c o d e s , m i s s i n g in f o r m a t io n ,
e t c ., a r e r e f e r r e d to s u p e r v is o r .

d.
S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d o f a n in d iv id u a l p la n t , f a c t o r y ,
o f o f f i c i a l ) th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5, 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r

e.
S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d o f a l a r g e a n d im p o r t a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m id d l e
m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v i s o r o f a n o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t o f t e n in v o l v i n g a s m a n y a s s e v e r a l
h u n d r e d p e r s o n s ) o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a ll , o v e r 2 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s .
C la s s

O F F IC E

BO Y O R G IR L

P e r f o r m s v a r i o u s r o u t in e d u t ie s s u c h a s ru n n in g e r r a n d s , o p e r a t i n g m i n o r o f f i c e m a ­
c h i n e s s u c h a s s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , o p e n in g a n d d i s t r ib u t in g m a i l , a n d o t h e r m i n o r c l e r i c a l w o r k .

SECRETARY
A s s i g n e d a s p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a l l y t o o n e in d iv id u a l. M a in ta in s a c l o s e a n d h ig h ly
r e s p o n s i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p t o th e d a y - t o - d a y w o r k a c t i v i t i e s o f th e s u p e r v i s o r . W o r k s f a i r l y in d e ­
p e n d e n t ly r e c e i v i n g a m in i m u m o f d e t a il e d s u p e r v i s i o n a n d g u id a n c e .
P e r f o r m s v a r ie d c l e r i c a l
a n d s e c r e t a r i a l d u t i e s , u s u a l ly in c lu d in g m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : (a ) R e c e i v e s t e le p h o n e c a l l s ,
p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , a n d i n c o m in g m a i l , a n s w e r s r o u t in e i n q u i r i e s , a n d r o u t e s th e t e c h n i c a l in q u i r i e s
t o th e p r o p e r p e r s o n s ; (b ) e s t a b l i s h e s , m a in t a in s , a n d r e v i s e s th e s u p e r v i s o r 's f i l e s ; ( c ) m a in t a in s
th e s u p e r v i s o r 's c a le n d a r a n d m a k e s a p p o in t m e n t s a s in s t r u c t e d ; (d ) r e l a y s m e s s a g e s f r o m s u p e r ­
v i s o r t o s u b o r d in a t e s ; (e ) r e v i e w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d a , a n d r e p o r t s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s
f o r th e s u p e r v i s o r 's s ig n a t u r e t o a s s u r e p r o c e d u r a l a n d t y p o g r a p h i c a c c u r a c y ; a n d (f) p e r f o r m s
s t e n o g r a p h ic a n d t y p in g w o r k .
M a y a ls o p e r fo r m o th e r c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r ia l ta s k s o f c o m p a r a b le n a tu re and d iffic u lt y .
T h e w o r k t y p i c a l l y r e q u i r e s k n o w le d g e o f o f f i c e r o u t in e a n d u n d e r s t a n d in g o f th e o r g a n iz a t io n ,
p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e l a t e d t o th e w o r k o f th e s u p e r v i s o r .
E xclu sion s

N o t a l l p o s i t i o n s th a t a r e t it l e d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s th e a b o v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . E x a m p le s
o f p o s i t i o n s w h ic h a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e d e f in i t io n a r e a s f o l l o w s : (a ) P o s i t i o n s w h ic h d o n o t m e e t
th e " p e r s o n a l ” s e c r e t a r y c o n c e p t d e s c r i b e d a b o v e ; (b) s t e n o g r a p h e r s n o t f u l l y t r a in e d in s e c r e t a r i a l
ty p e d u tie s ; (c ) s te n o g r a p h e r s s e r v in g a s o f f ic e a s s is t a n t s to a g r o u p o f p r o fe s s io n a l, te c h n ic a l,
o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n s ; (d) s e c r e t a r y p o s i t i o n s in w h ic h th e d u t i e s a r e e i t h e r s u b s t a n t ia ll y m o r e
r o u t in e o r s u b s t a n t ia ll y m o r e c o m p l e x a n d r e s p o n s i b l e th a n t h o s e c h a r a c t e r i z e d in th e d e f in i t io n ;
a n d (e ) a s s i s t a n t ty p e p o s i t i o n s w h ic h i n v o l v e m o r e d i f f i c u l t o r m o r e r e s p o n s i b l e t e c h n i c a l , a d m in ­
i s t r a t i v e , s u p e r v i s o r y , o r s p e c i a l i z e d c l e r i c a l d u t ie s w h ic h a r e n o t t y p i c a l o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k .
N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r , " u s e d in th e le v e l d e f in i t io n s f o l l o w i n g , r e f e r s t o
t h o s e o f f i c i a l s w h o h a v e a s i g n i f i c a n t c o r p o r a t e - w i d e p o l ic y m a k i n g r o l e w ith r e g a r d t o m a jo r
c o m p a n y a c t i v i t i e s . T h e t it l e " v i c e p r e s i d e n t , " th o u g h n o r m a l l y in d ic a t i v e o f t h is r o l e , d o e s n ot
in a l l c a s e s i d e n t if y s u c h p o s i t i o n s . V i c e p r e s i d e n t s w h o s e p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s t o a c t p e r ­
s o n a l l y o n in d iv id u a l c a s e s o r t r a n s a c t i o n s ( e . g . , a p p r o v e o r d e n y in d iv id u a l lo a n o r c r e d i t a c t i o n s ;
a d m i n i s t e r in d iv id u a l- t r u s t a c c o u n t s ; d i r e c t l y s u p e r v i s e a c l e r i c a l s t a ff) a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d t o b e
" c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r p u r p o s e s o f a p p ly in g th e f o l l o w i n g l e v e l d e f i n i t i o n s .
C la s s

a ll ,

A

a.
S e c r e t a r y t o th e c h a i r m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in
o v e r 100 b u t f e w e r th a n 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r

b.
S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r th a n t h e c h a i r m a n o f th e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t )
o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5, 0 0 0 b u t f e w e r th a n 2 5 , 0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r
c.
S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d ( i m m e d i a t e l y b e lo w
s e g m e n t o r s u b s i d i a r y o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s ,
C la s s

th e c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l ) o f a m a j o r
in a l l , o v e r 2 5 , 0 00 p e r s o n s .

B

a.
S e c r e t a r y t o th e c h a i r m a n o f t h e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s ,
a ll , f e w e r th a n 100 p e r s o n s ; o r

in

b.
S e c r e t a r y t o a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r th a n th e c h a i r m a n o f t h e b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t )
o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 b u t f e w e r th a n 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r
c.
S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d ( i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w th e o f f i c e r l e v e l ) o v e r e it h e r a m a j o r
c o r p o r a t e - w i d e f u n c t io n a l a c t i v i t y ( e . g . , m a r k e t i n g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t i o n s , i n d u s t r i a l r e l a t i o n s , e t c . ) o r~ a m a j o r g e o g r a p h i c o r o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a r e g i o n a l h e a d q u a r t e r s ;
a m a j o r d i v i s i o n ) o f a c o m p a n y th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 b u t f e w e r th a n 2 5 , 0 0 0
e m p lo y e e s ; o r




e t c . ( o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l

C

a.
S e c r e t a r y t o a n e x e c u t i v e o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n w h o s e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s n o t e q u iv a le n t
t o o n e o f th e s p e c i f i c l e v e l s it u a t io n s in th e d e f in i t io n f o r c l a s s B , b u t w h o s e s u b o r d in a t e s t a ff
n o r m a l l y n u m b e r s a t l e a s t s e v e r a l d o z e n e m p l o y e e s a n d i s u s u a l l y d i v id e d in t o o r g a n i z a t i o n a l
s e g m e n t s w h ic h a r e o ft e n , in t u r n , f u r t h e r s u b d iv id e d . In s o m e c o m p a n i e s , t h is l e v e l in c lu d e s
a w id e r a n g e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n a l e c h e l o n s ; in o t h e r s , o n l y o n e o r t w o ; £ r
b.
S e c r e t a r y t o th e h e a d o f a n in d iv id u a l p la n t , f a c t o r y , e t c . ( o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l
o f o f f i c i a l ) th a t e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r th a n 5 , 0 00 p e r s o n s .
C la s s

D

a.
S e c r e t a r y t o t h e s u p e r v i s o r o r h e a d o f a s m a l l o r g a n i z a t i o n a l u n it ( e . g . , f e w e r th a n
a b o u t 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; o £
b.
S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y s ta ff s p e c ia lis t , p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in is t r a ­
t iv e o f f i c e r , o r a s s i s t a n t , s k i l l e d t e c h n i c i a n o r e x p e r t .
(N O T E ;
M a n y co m p a n ie s a s s ig n
s t e n o g r a p h e r s , r a t h e r th a n s e c r e t a r i e s a s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , t o t h is l e v e l o f s u p e r v i s o r y o r
n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r .)

STENO G RAPH ER,

GENERAL

P r i m a r y d u ty i s t o ta k e d i c t a t io n in v o l v i n g a n o r m a l r o u t in e v o c a b u l a r y f r o m o n e o r m o r e
p e r s o n s e it h e r in s h o r t h a n d o r b y S t e n o t y p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h in e ; a n d t r a n s c r i b e d i c t a t io n . M a y
a l s o ty p e f r o m w r i t t e n c o p y . M a y m a in t a in f i l e s , k e e p s i m p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y
r o u t in e c l e r i c a l t a s k s .
M a y o p e r a t e f r o m a s t e n o g r a p h ic p o o l .
D o e s n o t in c lu d e t r a n s c r i b i n g m a c h in e w o r k .
(S e e t r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r . )

STEN O G RAPH E R,

S E N IO R

P r i m a r y d u ty is t o ta k e d i c t a t io n in v o l v i n g a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y
s u c h a s in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h f r o m o n e o r m o r e p e r s o n s e i t h e r in s h o r t ­
h a n d o r b y S te n o t y p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h in e ; a n d t r a n s c r i b e d i c t a t io n . M a y a l s o t y p e f r o m w r i t t e n
cop y.
M a y a l s o s e t u p a n d m a in t a in f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , e t c .
OR
P e r f o r m s s t e n o g r a p h ic d u t ie s r e q u i r in g s i g n if i c a n t ly g r e a t e r in d e p e n d e n c e a n d r e s p o n s i ­
b i l i t y th a n s t e n o g r a p h e r s , g e n e r a l a s e v id e n c e d b y th e f o l l o w i n g : W o r k r e q u i r e s h ig h d e g r e e o f
s t e n o g r a p h ic s p e e d a n d a c c u r a c y ; a n d a t h o r o u g h w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s i n e s s a n d o f f i c e
p r o c e d u r e s a n d o f th e s p e c i f i c b u s i n e s s o p e r a t i o n s , o r g a n iz a t io n , p o l i c i e s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s ,
w o r k flo w , e t c .
U s e s t h is k n o w le d g e in p e r f o r m i n g s t e n o g r a p h ic d u t ie s a n d r e s p o n s i b l e c l e r i c a l
t a s k s s u c h a s , m a in t a in in g f o l lo w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b l i n g m a t e r i a l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d u m s , l e t t e r s ,
e t c . ; c o m p o s i n g s i m p l e l e t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l i n s t r u c t i o n s ; r e a d i n g a n d r o u t in g in c o m in g m a i l ; a n d
a n s w e r i n g r o u t in e q u e s t io n s , e t c .
D o e s n o t in c lu d e t r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e w o r k .

S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R
C l a s s A . O p e r a t e s a s i n g l e - o r m u l t i p l e - p o s i t i o n t e le p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d h a n d lin g i n c o m in g ,
o u t g o in g , in t r a p la n t o r o f f i c e c a l l s . P e r f o r m s f u l l t e le p h o n e i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e o r h a n d le s
c o m p l e x c a l l s , s u c h a s c o n f e r e n c e , c o l l e c t , o v e r s e a s , o r s i m i l a r c a l l s , e i t h e r in a d d i t io n t o
d o in g r o u t in e w o r k a s d e s c r i b e d f o r s w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t o r , c l a s s B , o r a s a f u l l - t i m e
a s s i g n m e n t . ( " F u l l " t e le p h o n e i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e o c c u r s w h e n th e e s t a b l is h m e n t h a s v a r i e d
f u n c t io n s th a t a r e n o t r e a d i l y u n d e r s t a n d a b le f o r t e le p h o n e in f o r m a t i o n p u r p o s e s , e . g . , b e c a u s e
o f o v e r l a p p i n g o r i n t e r r e l a t e d f u n c t io n s , a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y p r e s e n t fr e q u e n t p r o b l e m s a s t o
w h ic h e x t e n s io n s a r e a p p r o p r i a t e f o r c a l l s . )
C l a s s B . O p e r a t e s a s i n g l e - o r m u l t i p l e - p o s i t i o n t e le p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d h a n d lin g i n c o m in g ,
o u t g o in g , in t r a p la n t o r o f f i c e c a l l s . M a y h a n d le r o u t in e lo n g d i s t a n c e c a l l s a n d r e c o r d t o l l s .
M a y p e r f o r m l i m i t e d t e le p h o n e in f o r m a t io n s e r v i c e . ( " L i m i t e d " t e le p h o n e in f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e
o c c u r s i f t h e fu n c t io n s o f th e e s t a b l is h m e n t s e r v i c e d a r e r e a d i l y u n d e r s t a n d a b le f o r t e le p h o n e
in f o r m a t i o n p u r p o s e s , o r i f th e r e q u e s t s a r e r o u t i n e , e . g . , g iv in g e x t e n s i o n n u m b e r s w h e n
s p e c i f i c n a m e s a r e f u r n is h e d , o r i f c o m p l e x c a l l s a r e r e f e r r e d t o a n o t h e r o p e r a t o r . )

24
S W I T C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T I O N I S T

TABU LA TIN G -M ACH IN E

In a d d i t i o n t o p e r f o r m i n g d u t i e s o f o p e r a t o r o n a s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n o r m o n i t o r - t y p e s w i t c h ­
b o a r d , a c t s a s r e c e p t i o n i s t and m a y a l s o t y p e o r p e r f o r m r o u t i n e c l e r i c a l w o r k a s p a r t o f r e g u l a r
duties.
T h i s t y p i n g o r c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y t a ke the m a j o r p a r t o f this w o r k e r ' s t i m e w h i l e at
sw itchboard.

O P E R A T O R — Continued

Class C .
O p e r a t e s s i m p l e ta b u l a t i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s su c h a s the
s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c i n g p u n ch , c o l l a t o r , e t c . , w it h s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s .
M a y in cl u d e s i m p l e
w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and s o m e f i li n g w o r k .
The w o rk ty p ica lly in volves portions of a w o rk
uni t, f o r e x a m p l e , i n d iv i d u a l s o r t i n g o r c o l l a t i n g ru n s o r r e p e t i t i v e o p e r a t i o n s .
T R AN SCRIBIN G -M ACH IN E O P E R A T O R ,

T A B U L A T I N G -M A C H I N E

GENERAL

OPERATOR

Class A .
O p e r a te s a v a r ie t y of tabulating o r e l e c t r i c a l a ccou n tin g m a c h in e s , t y p ica lly
in c l u d i n g su c h m a c h i n e s a s the t a b u l a t o r ,
ca lcu la tor,
i n t e r p r e t e r , c o l l a t o r , and o t h e r s .
P e r f o r m s c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s w i t h o u t c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n , and p e r f o r m s d i f f i c u l t
w ir in g as r e q u ire d .
T h e c o m p l e t e r e p o r t i n g an d t a b u l a t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s t y p i c a l l y in v o l v e a
v a r i e t y o f lo n g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s w h i c h o f t e n a r e o f i r r e g u l a r o r n o n r e c u r r i n g t y p e r e ­
q u i r i n g s o m e pl a n n in g an d s e q u e n c i n g o f s t e p s to b e t a k e n . A s a m o r e e x p e r i e n c e d o p e r a t o r ,
is t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e d in t r a i n i n g n e w o p e r a t o r s in m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t i a l l y t r a i n e d
o p e r a t o r s in w i r i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and o p e r a t i n g s e q u e n c e s o f lo n g and c o m p l e x r e p o r t s .
D o e s not in c lu d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s p e r f o r m i n g t a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s and d a y - t o d a y s u p e r v i s i o n o f th e w o r k and p r o d u c t i o n o f a g r o u p o f t a b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r s .

C l a s s B . O p e r a t e s m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a b u l a t i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s s u c h a s the
t a b u l a t o r and c a l c u l a t o r , in a d d i t i o n to the s o r t e r , r e p r o d u c e r , and c o l l a t o r .
T h i s w o r k is
p e r f o r m e d u n d e r s p e c i f i c i n s t r u c t i o n s and m a y in c l u d e th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f s o m e w i r i n g f r o m
d i a g r a m s . The w o r k ty p ica lly in v o lv e s , fo r e x a m p le , tabulations
in v o l v i n g a r e p e t i t i v e
a c c o u n t i n g e x e r c i s e , a c o m p l e t e but s m a l l t a b u l a t i n g st u d y , o r p a r t s o f a l o n g e r and m o r e
c o m p l e x r e p o r t . S u ch r e p o r t s and s t u d i e s a r e u s u a l l y o f a r e c u r r i n g n a t u r e w h e r e the p r o ­
ced u re s are w e ll establish ed.
M a y a l s o i n c l u d e the t r a i n i n g o f n ew e m p l o y e e s in the b a s i c
o p e r a t i o n o f the m a c h i n e .

P R O F E S S IO N A L

P r i m a r y du ty is t o t r a n s c r i b e d i c t a t i o n i n v o l v i n g a n o r m a l ro u t i n e v o c a b u l a r y f r o m
tra nscribing-m achine re c o rd s.
M a y a l s o t y p e f r o m w r i t t e n c o p y and d o s i m p l e c l e r i c a l w o r k .
W o r k e r s t r a n s c r i b i n g d i c t a t i o n in v o l v i n g a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u c h a s le g a l
b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s o n s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h a r e not i n c l u d e d . A w o r k e r w h o t a k e s d i c t a t i o n in s h o r t ­
han d o r b y S t e n o t y p e o r s i m i l a r m a c h i n e is c l a s s i f i e d as a s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l .
TYPIST
U s e s a t y p e w r i t e r to m a k e c o p i e s o f v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l o r to m a k e out b i l l s a f t e r c a l c u l a ­
t io n s h a ve b e e n m a d e b y a n o t h e r p e r s o n .
M ay include typing of s t e n c ils , m a ts , or s im ila r m a te ­
r i a l s f o r u s e in d u p l i c a t i n g p r o c e s s e s .
M a y d o c l e r i c a l w o r k in v o l v i n g lit t le s p e c i a l t r a i n i n g , su c h
a s k e e p i n g s i m p l e r e c o r d s , f i l i n g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r t i n g and d i s t r i b u t i n g i n c o m i n g m a i l .
Class A .
P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : T y p i n g m a t e r i a l in fi na l f o r m w h e n it
in volves com b in in g m a te r ia l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s or r e s p o n s ib ility for c o r r e c t spelling,
s y l l a b i c a t i o n , p u n c t u a t io n , e t c . , o f t e c h n i c a l o r un us ua l w o r d s o r f o r e i g n la n g u a g e m a t e r i a l ;
and p l a n n in g la y o u t and t y p i n g o f c o m p l i c a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l t a b l e s t o m a i n t a i n u n i f o r m i t y and
b a l a n c e in s p a c i n g .
M a y t y p e r o u t i n e f o r m l e t t e r s v a r y i n g d e t a i l s to sui t c i r c u m s t a n c e s .
C l a s s B . P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : C o p y ty p i n g f r o m r o u g h o r c l e a r d r a f t s ;
r o u t i n e t y p i n g o f f o r m s , i n s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e t c . ; and se t t i n g up s i m p l e s t a n d a r d t a b u l a t i o n s ,
o r c o p y i n g m o r e c o m p l e x t a b l e s a l r e a d y s e t u p and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y .

AND

T E C H N IC A L

COM PU TER O PERATO R

COM PU TER PROGRAM ER,

M o n i t o r s a n d o p e r a t e s th e c o n t r o l c o n s o l e o f a d i g it a l c o m p u t e r t o p r o c e s s d a ta a c c o r d i n g
to o p e r a t i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s , u s u a l ly p r e p a r e d b y a p r o g r a m e r . W o r k in c lu d e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g :
S t u d ie s i n s t r u c t i o n s t o d e t e r m i n e e q u ip m e n t s e t u p a n d o p e r a t i o n s ; lo a d s e q u ip m e n t w ith r e q u i r e d
i t e m s (t a p e r e e l s , c a r d s , e t c . ) ; s w i t c h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x i l i a r y e q u ip m e n t in to c i r c u i t , a n d s t a r t s
and o p e r a t e s c o m p u t e r ; m a k e s a d ju s t m e n t s t o c o m p u t e r t o c o r r e c t o p e r a t i n g p r o b l e m s a n d m e e t
s p e c i a l c o n d i t i o n s ; r e v i e w s e r r o r s m a d e d u r in g o p e r a t i o n a n d d e t e r m i n e s c a u s e o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m
t o s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m e r ; a n d m a in t a in s o p e r a t i n g r e c o r d s . M a y t e s t a n d a s s i s t in c o r r e c t i n g
p rog ra m .

C o n v e r t s s t a t e m e n t s o f b u s i n e s s p r o b l e m s , t y p i c a l l y p r e p a r e d b y a s y s t e m s a n a l y s t , in to
a s e q u e n c e o f d e t a il e d i n s t r u c t i o n s w h ic h a r e r e q u i r e d t o s o l v e th e p r o b l e m s b y a u t o m a t ic da ta
p r o c e s s i n g e q u ip m e n t .
W o r k in g f r o m c h a r t s o r d i a g r a m s , th e p r o g r a m e r d e v e l o p s th e p r e c i s e
i n s t r u c t io n s w h ic h , w h e n e n t e r e d in to th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m in c o d e d la n g u a g e , c a u s e th e m a n ip u ­
la t i o n o f d a ta t o a ch i-e v e d e s i r e d r e s u l t s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : A p p l ie s k n o w le d g e
o f c o m p u te r c a p a b ilit ie s , m a th e m a t ic s , lo g ic e m p lo y e d b y c o m p u t e r s , and p a r t ic u la r s u b je c t m a tte r
i n v o l v e d t o a n a l y z e c h a r t s a n d d i a g r a m s o f th e p r o b l e m t o b e p r o g r a m e d .
D e v e lo p s se q u e n ce
o f p r o g r a m s t e p s , w r i t e s d e t a il e d f l o w c h a r t s t o s h o w o r d e r in w h ic h d a ta w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d ;
c o n v e r t s t h e s e c h a r t s t o c o d e d i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r m a c h in e t o f o l l o w ; t e s t s a n d c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ;
p r e p a r e s i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r o p e r a t i n g p e r s o n n e l d u r in g p r o d u c t i o n ru n ; a n a l y z e s , r e v i e w s , a n d a l t e r s
p r o g r a m s t o i n c r e a s e o p e r a t i n g e f f i c i e n c y o r a d a p t t o n e w r e q u i r e m e n t s ; m a in t a in s r e c o r d s o f
p r o g r a m d e v e l o p m e n t a n d r e v i s i o n s . (N O T E ; W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o t h s y s t e m s a n a l y s is a n d p r o ­
g r a m in g s h o u ld b e c l a s s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s i f t h is is th e s k i l l u s e d t o d e t e r m in e t h e ir p a y .)

F o r w age

stu d y p u r p o s e s ,

com p u ter

op era tors

a re

c la s s ifie d

as fo llo w s ;

C l a s s A . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n t ly , o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g
p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ; N ew p r o g r a m s a r e f r e q u e n t l y t e s t e d and
in t r o d u c e d ; s c h e d u l in g r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e o f c r i t i c a l i m p o r t a n c e t o m i n i m i z e d o w n t im e ; the
p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p l e x d e s ig n s o th a t id e n t i f i c a t i o n o f e r r o r s o u r c e o ft e n r e q u i r e s a w o r k in g
k n o w le d g e o f th e t o t a l p r o g r a m , a n d a lt e r n a t e p r o g r a m s m a y n o t b e a v a il a b l e .
M a y g iv e
d i r e c t i o n and g u id a n c e t o l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s .
C l a s s B . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n t ly , o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g
p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f th e fo l lo w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ; M o s t o f th e p r o g r a m s a r e e s t a b l is h e d
p r o d u c t io n r u n s , t y p i c a l l y ru n on a r e g u l a r l y r e c u r r i n g b a s i s ; t h e r e i s li t t le o r n o t e s t in g
o f n e w p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d ; a lt e r n a t e p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v i d e d in c a s e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m n e e d s
m a j o r c h a n g e o r c a n n o t b e c o r r e c t e d w it h in a r e a s o n a b l e t i m e . In c o m m o n e r r o r s i t u a t i o n s ,
d i a g n o s e s c a u s e a n d t a k e s c o r r e c t i v e a c t io n . T h is u s u a l ly i n v o l v e s a p p ly in g p r e v i o u s l y p r o ­
g r a m e d c o r r e c t i v e s t e p s , o r u s in g s t a n d a r d c o r r e c t i o n t e c h n i q u e s .

B U S IN E S S

D o e s n o t in c lu d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r th e m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f
o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c d a ta p r o c e s s i n g ( E D P ) e m p l o y e e s , o r p r o g r a m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith
s c i e n t i f i c a n d / o r e n g in e e r in g p r o b l e m s .
F o r w age

stu d y p u r p o s e s ,

program ers

a re

c la s s ifie d

as fo llo w s ;

C l a s s A . W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t ly o r u n d e r o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h ic h
r e q u i r e c o m p e t e n c e in a l l p h a s e s o f p r o g r a m i n g c o n c e p t s a n d p r a c t i c e s . W o r k in g f r o m d i a ­
g r a m s a n d c h a r t s w h ic h i d e n t if y th e n a t u r e o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g s t e p s t o b e
a c c o m p l i s h e d , a n d th e r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n v a r i o u s s t e p s o f th e p r o b l e m s o l v i n g r o u t i n e ;
p la n s th e f u l l r a n g e o f p r o g r a m i n g a c t io n s n e e d e d t o e f f i c i e n t l y u t i l i z e th e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m
in a c h i e v i n g d e s i r e d e n d p r o d u c t s .

OR
O p e r a t e s u n d e r d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n a c o m p u t e r ru n n in g p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n t s o f p r o g r a m s
w ith th e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A . M a y a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r b y in d e ­
p e n d e n t ly p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i f f i c u l t t a s k s a s s i g n e d , a n d p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t t a s k s f o l lo w i n g
d e t a il e d i n s t r u c t io n s a n d w it h f r e q u e n t r e v i e w o f o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d .
C l a s s C . W o r k s o n r o u t in e p r o g r a m s u n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n .
Is e x p e c t e d t o d e v e l o p
w o r k in g k n o w le d g e o f th e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t u s e d a n d a b i li t y t o d e t e c t p r o b l e m s i n v o l v e d in
ru n n in g r o u t in e p r o g r a m s . U s u a lly h a s r e c e i v e d s o m e f o r m a l t r a in in g in c o m p u t e r o p e r a t i o n .
M a y a s s i s t h i g h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s .




A t t h is l e v e l , p r o g r a m i n g i s d i f f i c u l t b e c a u s e c o m p u t e r e q u ip m e n t m u s t b e o r g a n i z e d t o
p r o d u c e s e v e r a l i n t e r r e l a t e d b u t d i v e r s e p r o d u c t s f r o m n u m e r o u s a n d d i v e r s e d a ta e le m e n t s .
A w id e v a r i e t y a n d e x t e n s iv e n u m b e r o f in t e r n a l p r o c e s s i n g a c t i o n s m u s t o c c u r . T h is r e q u i r e s
s u c h a c t io n s a s d e v e l o p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a t i o n s w h ic h c a n b e r e u s e d , e s t a b l is h m e n t o f
lin k a g e p o i n t s b e t w e e n o p e r a t i o n s , a d ju s t m e n t s t o d a ta w h e n p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s e x c e e d
c o m p u t e r s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y , a n d s u b s t a n t ia l m a n ip u la t io n a n d r e s e q u e n c in g o f d a ta e le m e n t s
t o f o r m a h ig h ly in t e g r a t e d p r o g r a m .
M a y p r o v i d e fu n c t io n a l d i r e c t i o n t o l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m e r s w h o a r e a s s i g n e d t o a s s i s t .

25
COMPUTER PROGRAM ER,

BU SIN ESS — C o n t i n u e d

C O M PU TE R SYSTEMS AN ALYST,

Class B .
W o r k s i n d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e
p r o g r a m s , o r on s i m p l e s e g m e n t s o f c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s .
P r o g r a m s (o r seg m en ts) usually
p r o c e s s i n f o r m a t i o n to p r o d u c e da ta in t w o o r t h r e e v a r i e d s e q u e n c e s o r f o r m a t s . R e p o r t s
and l i s t i n g s a r e p r o d u c e d b y r e f i n i n g , a d a p t in g , a r r a y i n g , o r m a k i n g m i n o r a d d i t i o n s to o r
d e l e t i o n s f r o m in put da ta w h i c h a r e r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e .
W h i le n u m e r o u s r e c o r d s m a y b e
p r o c e s s e d , the da ta h a ve b e e n r e f i n e d in p r i o r a c t i o n s s o that the a c c u r a c y and s e q u e n c i n g
o f dat a c a n b e t e s t e d b y u si n g a f e w r o u t i n e c h e c k s .
T y p i c a l l y , the p r o g r a m d e a l s with
routine r e c o r d - k e e p i n g type op e r a tio n s.

OR
W o r k s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p l e x dat a p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m , a s d e s c r i b e d f o r
c l a s s A. W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t l y o n r o u t i n e a s s i g n m e n t s an d r e c e i v e s i n s t r u c t i o n and g u i d a n c e
on c o m p l e x a s s i g n m e n t s . W o r k is r e v i e w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f j u d g m e n t , c o m p l i a n c e w it h i n ­
s t r u c t i o n s , and to i n s u r e p r o p e r a l i n e m e n t w ith the o v e r a l l s y s t e m .

OR

C l a s s C . W o r k s u n d e r i m m e d i a t e s u p e r v i s i o n , c a r r y i n g out a n a l y s e s a s a s s i g n e d , u s u a l ly
of a sing le a ctivity.
A s s i g n m e n t s a r e d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p and ex p a n d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e
in the a p p l i c a t i o n o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k i l l s r e q u i r e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s w o r k . F o r e x a m p l e ,
m a y a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l s y s t e m s a n a l y s t b y p r e p a r i n g the d e t a i l e d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u i r e d
b y p r o g r a m e r s f r o m i n f o r m a t i o n d e v e l o p e d b y the h i g h e r l e v e l a n a l y s t .

W o r k s o n c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s (a s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A) u n d e r c l o s e d i r e c t i o n o f a h i g h e r
level p r o g ra m e r or sup ervisor.
M a y a s s i s t higher le v e l p r o g r a m e r b y in dependently p e r ­
f o r m i n g l e s s d i f f i c u l t t a s k s a s s i g n e d , a nd p e r f o r m i n g m o r e d i f f i c u l t t a s k s u n d e r f a i r l y c l o s e
direction.
M a y g u id e o r

in struct lo w e r

level p ro g ra m e r s.

DRAFTSMAN

Class C .
M a k e s p r a c t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s o f p r o g r a m i n g p r a c t i c e s and c o n c e p t s u s u a l l y
l e a r n e d in f o r m a l t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s . A s s i g n m e n t s a r e d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p c o m p e t e n c e in the
a p p l i c a t i o n o f s t a n d a r d p r o c e d u r e s to r o u t i n e p r o b l e m s . R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n on n ew
a s p e c t s o f a s s i g n m e n t s ; and w o r k is r e v i e w e d to v e r i f y it s a c c u r a c y and c o n f o r m a n c e with
required procedures.

COMPUTER

SYSTEMS

ANALYST,

Class A .
P l a n s the g r a p h i c p r e s e n t a t i o n o f c o m p l e x i t e m s h a v i n g d i s t i n c t i v e d e s i g n
f e a t u r e s that d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m e s t a b l i s h e d d r a f t i n g p r e c e d e n t s . W o r k s in c l o s e s u p ­
p o r t w it h the d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r , and m a y r e c o m m e n d m i n o r d e s i g n c h a n g e s .
A n a l y z e s the
e f f e c t o f e a c h c h a n g e on the d e t a i l s o f f o r m , fu n c t i o n , and p o s i t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c o m ­
p o n e n t s and p a r t s .
W o r k s w it h a m i n i m u m o f s u p e r v i s o r y a s s i s t a n c e .
C o m p l e t e d w o r k is
r e v i e w e d b y d e s i g n o r i g i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s t e n c y w ith p r i o r e n g i n e e r i n g d e t e r m i n a t i o n s .
May
either p r e p a r e draw in gs, o r d ire c t their p r ep a ra tion by lo w e r lev el draftsm en .

BU S IN ES S

C l a s s B . P e r f o r m s n o n r o u t i n e and c o m p l e x d r a f t i n g a s s i g n m e n t s that r e q u i r e the a p p l i ­
c a t i o n o f m o s t o f the s t a n d a r d i z e d d r a w i n g t e c h n i q u e s r e g u l a r l y u s e d .
D uties ty p ic a lly i n ­
v olv e such w o r k as:
P r e p a r e s w o r k i n g d r a w i n g s o f s u b a s s e m b l i e s w ith i r r e g u l a r s h a p e s ,
m u l t i p l e f u n c t i o n s , and p r e c i s e p o s i t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n c o m p o n e n t s ; p r e p a r e s a r c h i ­
t e c t u r a l d r a w i n g s f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a b u il d i n g in c l u d i n g d e t a i l d r a w i n g s o f f o u n d a t i o n s , w a l l
s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p l a n s , and r o o f . U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u l a s and m a n u a l s in m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y
c o m p u t a t i o n s t o d e t e r m i n e q u a n t i t i e s o f m a t e r i a l s to b e u s e d , l o a d c a p a c i t i e s , s t r e n g t h s ,
s t r e s s e s , etc.
R e c e i v e s i n it ia l i n s t r u c t i o n s , r e q u i r e m e n t s , and a d v i c e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r .
C o m p le te d w o r k is c h e c k e d fo r te ch n ica l adequacy.

A n a l y z e s b u s i n e s s p r o b l e m s to f o r m u l a t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o l v i n g t h e m b y u s e o f e l e c t r o n i c
da ta p r o c e s s i n g e q u i p m e n t . D e v e l o p s a c o m p l e t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a l l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s n e e d e d to e n a b l e
p r o g r a m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u i r e d d i g i t a l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g ;
A n a l y z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a t i o n s to b e a u t o m a t e d and i d e n t i f i e s c o n d i t i o n s and c r i t e r i a r e q u i r e d
to a c h i e v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b e r and t y p e s o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , an d d o c u m e n t s to
b e u s e d ; o u t l i n e s a c t i o n s to b e p e r f o r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u t e r s in s u f f i c i e n t d e t a i l f o r
p r e s e n t a t i o n to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m i n g ( t y p i c a l l y t h is i n v o l v e s p r e p a r a t i o n o f w o r k and
data f l o w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d i n a t e s the d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b l e m s and p a r t i c i p a t e s in t r i a l ru n s o f
n ew and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s e q u i p m e n t c h a n g e s to o b t a i n m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l
o p e r a t i o n s . ( N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o t h s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s and p r o g r a m i n g s h o u l d b e c l a s ­
s i f i e d a s s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s if th is is the s k i l l u s e d to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r p a y .)

C l a s s C . P r e p a r e s d e t a i l d r a w i n g s o f s i n g l e un it s o r p a r t s f o r e n g i n e e r i n g , c o n s t r u c t i o n ,
m a n u fa ctu rin g , or re p a i r p u r p o s e s . T y p e s of draw in gs p r e p a r e d include i s o m e t r i c p r o je c t io n s
( d e p i c t i n g t h r e e d i m i n s i o n s in a c c u r a t e s c a l e ) and s e c t i o n a l v i e w s to c l a r i f y p o s i t i o n i n g of
c o m p o n e n t s and c o n v e y n e e d e d i n f o r m a t i o n . C o n s o l i d a t e s d e t a i l s f r o m a n u m b e r o f s o u r c e s
and a d j u s t s o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a l e a s r e q u i r e d .
Suggested m eth ods of a p p roach , applicable
p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v i c e on s o u r c e m a t e r i a l s a r e g i v e n w ith in it ia l a s s i g n m e n t s . I n s t r u c t i o n s
a re le s s co m p le t e when a ssign m e n ts r e c u r.
W o rk m a y be s p o t - c h e c k e d during p r o g r e s s .

D o e s not i n c l u d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f
o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c da ta p r o c e s s i n g ( E D P ) e m p l o y e e s , o r s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d with
scien tific or en gin eerin g p r o b le m s .
For

wage

st u d y p u r p o s e s ,

system s

analysts

are

classified

as

follow s:

D R A F T S M A N -T R A C E R

Class A .
W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s
i n v o l v i n g a ll p h a s e s o f s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s . P r o b l e m s a r e c o m p l e x b e c a u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s
o f in put da ta and m u l t i p l e - u s e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f out pu t da ta. ( F o r e x a m p l e , d e v e l o p s an i n t e ­
g r a t e d p r o d u c t i o n s c h e d u l i n g , i n v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , c o s t a n a l y s i s , and s a l e s a n a l y s i s r e c o r d in
w h i c h e v e r y i t e m o f e a c h t y pe is a u t o m a t i c a l l y p r o c e s s e d t h r o u g h the f u l l s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s
and a p p r o p r i a t e f o l l o w u p a c t i o n s a r e i n it ia t e d b y the c o m p u t e r . ) C o n f e r s w it h p e r s o n s c o n ­
c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the da ta p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on
the i m p l i c a t i o n s o f n e w o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f da t a p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t i o n s .
Makes r e c o m ­
m e n d a t i o n s , if n e e d e d ,
f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s i n s t a l l a t i o n s o r c h a n g e s and f o r
obtaining equipm ent.
May provide
assist.

functiona l

direction

to lo w e r

lev el

system s

analysts who a re

assigned

to

Class B .
W o r k s in d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o n p r o b l e m s that a r e
r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p l i c a t e d to a n a l y z e , p l a n , p r o g r a m , and o p e r a t e . P r o b l e m s a r e o f l i m i t e d
c o m p l e x i t y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f in put da ta a r e h o m o g e n e o u s and the out pu t da ta a r e c l o s e l y
related.
( F o r e x a m p l e , d e v e l o p s s y s t e m s f o r m a i n t a i n i n g d e p o s i t o r a c c o u n t s in a b an k ,

M A IN T E N A N C E
CARPENTER,

C o p i e s p l a n s and d r a w i n g s p r e p a r e d b y o t h e r s b y p l a c i n g t r a c i n g c l o t h o r p a p e r o v e r
d r a w i n g s and t r a c i n g w it h p e n o r p e n c i l .
( D o e s no t i n c l u d e t r a c i n g l i m i t e d to p l a n s p r i m a r i l y
c o n s i s t i n g o f s t r a i g h t l i n e s and a l a r g e s c a l e no t r e q u i r i n g c l o s e d e l i n e a t i o n . )
and/or
P r e p a r e s sim ple
during p r o g r e s s .
NURSE,

M A IN TENAN CE

or

repetitive

INDUSTRIAL

drawings

of e asily visu alized

item s.

W ork

is

closely

su pervised

(R EGIST ERE D)

A r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e w h o g i v e s n u r s i n g s e r v i c e u n d e r g e n e r a l m e d i c a l d i r e c t i o n to i l l o r
i n j u r e d e m p l o y e e s o r o t h e r p e r s o n s w h o b e c o m e i l l o r s u f f e r an a c c i d e n t on the p r e m i s e s o f a
f a c t o r y o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t . D u t i e s i n v o l v e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g :
G i v i n g f i r s t aid
t o the i l l o r i n j u r e d ; a t te n di n g t o s u b s e q u e n t d r e s s i n g o f e m p l o y e e s ' i n j u r i e s ; k e e p i n g r e c o r d s
o f p a t i e n t s t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r i n g a c c i d e n t r e p o r t s f o r c o m p e n s a t i o n o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t i n g in
p h y s i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s and h e a lt h e v a l u a t i o n s o f a p p l i c a n t s and e m p l o y e e s ; and p l a n n in g a nd c a r r y ­
ing out p r o g r a m s i n v o l v i n g h e a lt h e d u c a t i o n , a c c i d e n t p r e v e n t i o n , e v a l u a t i o n o f pl a n t e n v i r o n m e n t ,
o r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s a f f e c t i n g the h e a lt h , w e l f a r e , and s a f e t y o f a ll p e r s o n n e l .

Afs D

P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n t r y d u t i e s n e c e s s a r y to c o n s t r u c t and m a i n t a i n in g o o d r e p a i r b u i l d i n g
w o o d w o r k and e q u i p m e n t s u c h a s b i n s , c r i b s , c o u n t e r s , b e n c h e s , p a r t i t i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s ,
c a s i n g s , and t r i m m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f th e f o l l o w i n g : P l a n n i n g
and l a y i n g ou t o f w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l i n s t r u c t i o n s u s i n g a v a r i e t y




BU SIN ESS — C o n t i n u e d

m a i n t a i n i n g a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e in a r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t , o r m a i n t a i n i n g i n v e n t o r y a c c o u n t s
in a m a n u f a c t u r i n g o r w h o l e s a l e e s t a b l i s h m e n t . ) C o n f e r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e
the data p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the i m p l i c a t i o n s o f the
da ta p r o c e s s i n g s y s t e m s to b e a p p l ie d .

PO W ER PLA N T

CARPENTER,

M A I N T E N A N C E ---- C o n t i n u e d

o f c a r p e n t e r ' s h a n d t o o l s , p o r t a b l e p o w e r t o o l s , and s t a n d a r d m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; m a k i n g
s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k ; and s e l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l s n e c e s s a r y
f o r th e w o r k . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e c a r p e n t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and
e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e .

26
ELECTRICIAN,

M A IN T EN AN CE

P e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e f u n c t i o n s s u c h a s the in sta lla tio n. , m a i n t e n a n c e ,
o r r e p a i r o f e q u i p m e n t f o r the g e n e r a t i o n , d i s t r i b u t i o n , o r u t i l i z a t i o n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an
establishm ent.
W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g :
I n s t a l l i n g o r r e p a i r i n g a ny o f a v a r i e t y o f
e le c t r i c a l equipment such as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w itc h b o a r d s , c o n t r o l l e r s , cir c u it b r e a k ­
e r s , m o t o r s , he a t in g u n i t s , co n d u it s y s t e m s , o r o t h e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u i p m e n t ; w o r k i n g f r o m
b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , l a y o u t s , o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; l o c a t i n g and d i a g n o s i n g t r o u b l e in the
e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r e q u i p m e n t ; w o r k i n g s t a n d a r d c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g t o lo a d r e q u i r e m e n t s o f
w i r i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t ; and u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n * s h a n d t o o l s and m e a s u r i n g and
t e s t i n g i n s t r u m e n t s . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n ­
ing and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and
experience.
ENGINEER,

STATIO N ARY

O p e r a t e s and m a i n t a i n s and m a y a l s o s u p e r v i s e the o p e r a t i o n o f s t a t i o n a r y e n g i n e s and
e q u i p m e n t ( m e c h a n i c a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) t o s u p p l y the e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h i c h e m p l o y e d w it h p o w e r ,
heat, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a ir - c o n d it i o n in g .
W o rk in v o lv e s :
O p e r a t i n g and m a i n t a i n i n g e q u i p m e n t
s u c h a s s t e a m e n g i n e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b i n e s , v e n t i l a t i n g and r e f r i g ­
e r a t i n g e q u i p m e n t , s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r p u m p s ; m a k i n g e q u i p m e n t r e p a i r s ; and
k e e p i n g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t i o n o f m a c h i n e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , and fu e l c o n s u m p t i o n .
M ay a lso su ­
per v ise these operation s.
H e a d o r c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one
engineer are e x clu d e d .
F IREM AN ,

STATIO N ARY

BOILER

F i r e s s t a t i o n a r y b o i l e r s to f u r n i s h the e s t a b l i s h m e n t in w h i c h e m p l o y e d w it h h e a t , p o w e r ,
or steam.
F e e d s f u e l s to f i r e b y han d o r o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n i c a l s t o k e r , o r g a s o r o i l b u r n e r ;
and c h e c k s w a t e r and s a f e t y v a l v e s .
M a y c l e a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m e q u i p m e n t .
HELPER,

M A IN TENAN CE

TRADES

A s s i s t s o n e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s , b y p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c
o r g e n e r a l d u t i e s o f l e s s e r s k i l l , s u c h as k e e p i n g a w o r k e r s u p p l i e d w it h m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s ;
c l e a n i n g . w o r k i n g a r e a , m a c h i n e , and e q u i p m e n t ; a s s i s t i n g j o u r n e y m a n b y h o l d in g m a t e r i a l s o r
t o o l s ; and p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r u n s k i l l e d t a s k s a s d i r e c t e d b y j o u r n e y m a n .
T h e ki nd o f w o r k the
h e l p e r is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e to t r a d e :
In s o m e t r a d e s the h e l p e r is c o n ­
f i n e d to s u p p l y i n g , l i ft i n g , and h o l d i n g m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s and c l e a n i n g w o r k i n g a r e a s ; and in
o t h e r s he is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e that a r e
a lso p e r fo rm e d by w o rk e r s on a fu ll-tim e basis.
M A C H IN E -TOO L O PE R A T O R ,

TOOLROOM

S p e c i a l i z e s in the o p e r a t i o n o f o n e o r m o r e t y p e s o f m a c h i n e t o o l s , s u c h a s j i g b o r e r s ,
c y l i n d r i c a l o r s u r f a c e g r i n d e r s , e n g in e
l a t h e s , o r m i l l i n g m a c h i n e s , in th e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f
m ach in e-sh op tools, gages, jig s , fixtu res, or dies.
W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g :
P la n ­
ning and p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t m a c h i n i n g o p e r a t i o n s ; p r o c e s s i n g i t e m s r e q u i r i n g c o m p l i c a t e d s e t u p s
o r a high d e g r e e of a c c u r a c y ; using a v a r ie t y of p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r in g in stru m e n ts; se le ct in g fe e d s ,
s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t i o n s e q u e n c e ; and m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s d u r i n g o p e r a t i o n to
achieve requisite to le ra n ce s or dim en sion s.
M a y be r e q u i r e d t o r e c o g n i z e w h e n t o o l s n e e d d r e s s ­
in g, to d r e s s t o o l s , an d to s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o l a n t s and c ut t in g and l u b r i c a t i n g o i l s . F o r c r o s s ­
i n d u s t r y w a g e st u d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o l r o o m , in t o o l and d i e j o b b i n g s h o p s
a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m t hi s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n .
M ACHINIST,

M A IN TENAN CE

P r o d u c e s r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t s and ne w p a r t s in m a k i n g r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n ­
i c a l e q u i p m e n t o p e r a t e d in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g :
Interp reting
w r i t t e n i n s t r u c t i o n s and s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; p l a n n in g and l a y i n g out o f w o r k ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f m a ­
c h i n i s t ' s h a n d t o o l s and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; s e t t i n g up and o p e r a t i n g s t a n d a r d m a c h i n e
t o o l s ; s h a p i n g o f m e t a l p a r t s to c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to
d i m e n s i o n s o f w o r k , t o o l i n g , f e e d s , and s p e e d s o f m a c h i n i n g ; k n o w l e d g e o f the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s
o f the c o m m o n m e t a l s ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d a r d m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , and e q u i p m e n t r e q u i r e d f o r hi s w o r k ;
and fi t t in g and a s s e m b l i n g p a r t s into m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t .
In g e n e r a l , the m a c h i n i s t ' s w o r k
n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p p r a c t i c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l
a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e .

M ECHANIC,

AU TOM OTIVE

(M A IN T E N A N C E )

R e p a i r s a u t o m o b i l e s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
W ork in­
v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g :
E x a m i n i n g a u t o m o t i v e e q u i p m e n t to d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ;
d i s a s s e m b l i n g e q u i p m e n t and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that i n v o l v e th e u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o l s as
w r e n c h e s , g a g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u i p m e n t in d i s a s s e m b l i n g o r fi t t in g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g
b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r i n d i n g and a d j u s t i n g v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g and i n s t a l li n g




MECHANIC,

AU TOM OTIVE

(M A IN T E N A N C E )— Continued

the v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s in the v e h i c l e and m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s ; and a lin in g w h e e l s ,
a d j u s t i n g b r a k e s and l i g h t s , o r t ig h t e n i n g b o d y b o l t s .
In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the a u t o m o t i v e
m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n ­
t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e .
M ECHANIC,

M A IN TENAN CE

R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
W ork in volves m ost
o f the f o l l o w i n g :
E x a m i n i n g m a c h i n e s and m e c h a n i c a l e q u i p m e n t t o d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ;
d i s m a n t l i n g o r p a r t l y d i s m a n t l i n g m a c h i n e s and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that m a i n l y i n v o l v e the u se
o f h a n d t o o l s in s c r a p i n g and fi t t in g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s w ith i t e m s o b t a i n e d
f r o m s t o c k ; o r d e r i n g the p r o d u c t i o n of a r e p l a c e m e n t pa rt b y a m a c h i n e s h o p o r s e n d in g o f the
m a c h i n e to a m a c h i n e s h o p f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s
o r f o r the p r o d u c t i o n o f p a r t s o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h i n e s h o p ; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h i n e s ; and m a k in g
a ll n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s f o r o p e r a t i o n .
In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e ­
q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p or
e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e .
E x c l u d e d f r o m t hi s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y
d u t i e s i n v o l v e s e t t i n g up o r a d j u s t i n g m a c h i n e s .
MILLW RIGHT
I n s t a l l s new m a c h i n e s o r h e a v y e q u i p m e n t , and d i s m a n t l e s and i n s t a l l s m a c h i n e s o r
h e a v y e q u ip m e n t w h e n c h a n g e s in the plant lay ou t a r e r e q u i r e d .
W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l 1o w i n g :
P l a n n i n g and l a y i n g out o f the w o r k ; i n t e r p r e t i n g b l u e p r i n t s o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u si ng
a v a r i e t y o f h a n d t o o l s and r i g g i n g ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to s t r e s s e s ,
s t r e n g t h o f m a t e r i a l s , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v i t y ; a l i n i n g and b a l a n c i n g o f e q u i p m e n t ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d ­
a r d t o o l s , e q u i p m e n t , and p a r t s to b e u s e d ; and i n s t a l l i n g and m a in t a in i n g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r
t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u i p m e n t s u c h a s d r i v e s and s p e e d r e d u c e r s .
In g e n e r a l , the m i l l w r i g h t ' s w o r k
n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e in the t r a d e a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l
a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e .
O ILER
L u b r i c a t e s , w it h o i l o r
e q u i p m e n t o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
PAINTER,

grease,

the

m oving

parts

or w earing

surfaces

of m echanical

M A IN TENAN CE

P a i n t s and r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and f i x t u r e s o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
W ork m v o l v e s the f o l l o w i n g :
K n o w l e d g e o f s u r f a c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s and t y p e s o f paint r e q u i r e d f o r d i f f e r e n t
a p p l i c a t i o n s ; p r e p a r i n g s u r f a c e f o r pa i n t in g b y r e m o v i n g o l d f i n i s h o r b y p l a c i n g putty o r f i l l e r
in nail h o l e s and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and a p p l y i n g paint w it h s p r a y gun o r b r u s h .
May m ix c o lo r s , oils,
w h it e l e a d , and o t h e r paint i n g r e d i e n t s to o b t a i n p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s i s t e n c y .
In g e n e r a l , the
w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e p a i n t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h
a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e .
P IP E F IT T E R ,

M A IN TENAN CE

I n s t a l l s o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o t h e r t y p e s o f p i p e and p i p e f i t t i n g s in an
establishm ent.
W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g :
L a y i n g out o f w o r k and m e a s u r i n g to l o ­
c a t e p o s i t i o n o f pi p e f r o m d r a w i n g s o r o t h e r w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; c ut t in g v a r i o u s s i z e s o f pipe
to c o r r e c t le n g t h s w it h c h i s e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y l e n e t o r c h o r p i p e - c u t t i n g m a c h i n e ; t h r e a d ­
ing pi p e w it h s t o c k s and d i e s ; b e n d i n g pi p e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h i n e s ; a s s e m b l i n g
p i p e w it h c o u p l i n g s and f a s t e n i n g pi p e to h a n g e r s ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s / r e l a t i n g
to p r e s s u r e s , f l o w , and s i z e o f p i p e r e q u i r e d ; and m a k i n g s t a n d a r d t e s t s t o d e t e r m i n e r w h e t h e r
finished pipes m eet s p e cific a tio n s.
In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e p i p e f i t t e r r e q u i r e s
r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t
t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e .
W o r k e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in i n s t a l l i n g and r e p a i r i n g b u il d i n g s a n i t a ­
t i o n o r h e a t in g s y s t e m s a r e e x c l u d e d .
PLUMBER,

M A IN T EN AN CE

K e e p s the p l u m b i n g s y s t e m o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t in g o o d o r d e r . W o r k i n v o l v e s : K n o w l e d g e
o f s a n i t a r y c o d e s r e g a r d i n g i n s t a l l a t i o n o f v e n t s and t r a p s in p l u m b i n g s y s t e m ; i n s t a l l i n g o r r e ­
p a i r i n g p i p e s and f i x t u r e s ; and o p e n i n g c l o g g e d d r a i n s w it h a p l u n g e r o r p l u m b e r ' s s n a k e . In
g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e p l u m b e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y
a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e .
SH E ET-M ETAL

WORKER,

M A IN TENAN CE

F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , and m a i n t a i n s in g o o d r e p a i r the s h e e t - m e t a l e q u i p m e n t and f i x ­
tu res (such as m a ch in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e pans, s h e lv e s , lo c k e r s , tanks, v en tila to r s , chu tes, du cts,
m e t a l r o o f i n g ) o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t .
W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g :
P l a n n i n g and la y in g
out a ll t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a i n t e n a n c e w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , m o d e l s , o.r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ;
s e t t i n g up and o p e r a t i n g a ll a v a i l a b l e t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k i n g m a c h i n e s ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f

27
SH EET-M ETAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE— Continued

TOOL AND DIE MAKER— Continued

handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; and installing sheetmetal a rticles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-m etal w orker requires
rounded training and experience usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship or equivalent
training and experience.

using a variety of tool and die m aker's handtools and p recision measuring instruments; under­
standing of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of
machine tools and related equipment; making n ecessary shop computations relating to dimensions
of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heat-treating of metal parts during fabrication
as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; working to close toleran ces;
fitting and assem bling of parts to p rescribed tolerances and allow ances; and selecting appropriate
m aterials, tools, and p ro ce s s e s. In general, the tool and die m aker's work requires a rounded
training in m achine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a form al apprenticeship
or equivalent training and experience.

TOOL AND DIE MAKER
(Die m aker; jig m aker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker)
Constructs and repairs m achine-shop tools, gages, jig s , fixtures or dies for forgings,
punching, and other m etal-form ing work. Work involves m ost of the follow ing: Planning and
laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications;

F or cro ss-in d u stry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing
shops are excluded from this classification.

C U ST O D IA L AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT
GUARD AND WATCHMAN
Guard. P erform s routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining
ord er, using arm s or fo rce where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate
and check on identity of em ployees and other persons entering.
Watchman. Makes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property against fire ,
theft, and illegal entry.
JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER

SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK
P repares m erchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming ship­
ments of m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping
p rocedu res, p ra ctice s, routes, available means of transportation, and rate; and preparing r e c ­
ords of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping ch arges, and
keeping a file of shipping re co rd s. May direct or assist in preparing the m erchandise for ship­
ment. R eceiving work involves: V erifying or directing others in verifying the correctn ess of
shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other re co rd s; checking for shortages and rejecting
damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper departments; and maintaining n e ce s­
sary record s and file s.

(Sweeper; charwoman; janitress)
F or wage study purposes, workers are cla ssified as follow s:
Cleans and keeps in an ord erly condition fa ctory working areas and washroom s, or
prem ises of an office, apartment house, or com m ercial or other establishment. Duties involve
a combination of the follow ing: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing flo o rs; rem oving
chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures
or trim m ings; providing supplies and minor maintenance se rv ice s ; and cleaning lavatories, show­
e rs , and restroom s. W orkers who specialize in window washing are excluded.
LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING
( L o a d e r a n d u n l o a d e r ; h a n d le r a n d s t a c k e r ; s h e l v e r ; t r u c k e r ; s t o c k m a n o r s t o c k h e l p e r ; w a r e ­
h o u s e m a n o r w a r e h o u s e h e lp e r)

A w orker em ployed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment
whose duties involve one or m ore of the follow ing: Loading and unloading various m aterials and
m erchandise on or from freight ca rs, trucks, or other transporting d evices; unpacking, shelving,
or placing m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage location; and transporting m aterials or
m erchandise by handtruck, ca r, or wheelbarrow . Longshorem en, who load and unload ships are
excluded.
ORDER

FILLER

(Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman)
F ills shipping or transfer ord ers for finished goods from stored m erchandise in a cco r d ­
ance with specifications on sales slips, cu stom ers' ord ers, or other instructions. May, in addition
to filling ord ers and indicating items filled or om itted, keep record s of outgoing ord e rs, requi­
sition additional stock or report short supplies to sup ervisor, and p erform other related duties.

R eceiving clerk
Shipping clerk
Shipping and receiving clerk
TRUCKDRIVER
Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport m aterials, m erchandise,
equipment, or men between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight
depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishm ents, or between retail establishments and
cu sto m e rs' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers,
make m inor m echanical rep a irs, and keep truck in good working order. D riv e r-sa le sm e n and
ov e r-th e -ro a d drivers are excluded.
F o r wage study purposes, truckdrivers are cla ssified by size and type of equipment,
as follow s: (T ra cto r-tra ile r should be rated on the basis of tra iler capacity.)
Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately)
T ru ckdriver, light (under lV2 tons)
T ru ckdriver, medium (lV2 to and including 4 tons)
T ru ckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type)
T ru ckd river, heavy (over 4 tons, other than tra iler type)
TRUCKER, POWER

PACKER, SHIPPING
Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping con­
tainers, the sp ecific operations perform ed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of
units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipment. Work requires the
placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or m ore of the follow ing; Knowl­
edge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size
of container; insertipg enclosures in container; using ex celsio r or other m aterial to prevent
breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying
data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded.




Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or e le ctric-p o w e re d truck or tra ctor to
transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other
establishment.
F or wage study purposes, workers a.re cla ssified by type of truck, as follow s:
T ru cker, power (forklift)
T ru cker, power (other than forklift)




A v a i l a b l e O n R e q u e s t -----

The tenth annual r e p o r t on s a l a r i e s f o r a c c o u n t a n t s , a u d i t o r s , attorneys, chem ists, engineers, engineering technicians , draftsm en,
t r a c e r s , j o b a n a l y s ts , d i r e c t o r s of p e r s o n n e l , b u y e r s , and c l e r i c a l
employee s .
O r d e r as BLS Bu ll eti n 1654, National S u r v e y of P r o f e s s i o n a l , A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , T e c h n i c a l , and C l e r i c a l P a y , June 1969Seventy-five
cents a c op y.

A re a

W a g e

S u rv e ys

A lis t of the la te s t a v a ila b le b u lle tin s is p r e s e n t e d b e lo w . A d i r e c t o r y o f a r e a w a g e s tu d ie s in clu d in g m o r e l i m i t e d s tu d ie s c o n d u c t e d at the
r e q u e s t o f the W age and H ou r and P u b l i c C o n t r a c t s D i v i s i o n s o f the 'D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r is a v a ila b le on r e q u e s t . B u lle tin s m a y b e p u r c h a s e d f r o m
the Superin ten den t o f D o c u m e n t s , U.S. G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O f f i c e , W a s h in g t o n , D . C . , 20402, o r f r o m any o f the BLS r e g i o n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s show n on
the in sid e f r o n t c o v e r .

Area
A k r o n , O h i o , J u l y 1 9 6 9 * ------------------------- ------------------------------A l b a n y —S c h e n e c t a d y - T r o y , N . Y . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 ---------------------A l b u q u e r q u e , N. M e x . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 1______________________
A l l e n t o w r r - B e t h l e h e m —E a s t o n , P a . —N . J . , M a y 1970 1—
A t l a n t a , G a . , M a y 1970 1_____________________________________
B a l t i m o r e , M d . , A u g . 1 9 6 9 ____ - ___________ ______ __________
B e a u m o n t —P o r t A r t h u r —O r a n g e , T e x . , M a y 1 9 7 0 -------------B i n g h a m t o n , N . Y . , J u l y 1 9 6 9 ------ ---------------------------------------B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 --------------------------------------------B o i s e C i t y , I d a h o , N o v . 1 9 6 9 ----------------------------------------------B o s t o n , M a s s . , A u g . 1 9 6 9 ------------------ ---------------------------------B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t . 1 9 6 9 _____________________________________
B u r l i n g t o n , V t . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 __________________________________
C a n t o n , O h i o , M a y 19 70 1.......................................- .......................
C h a r l e s t o n , W. V a . , A p r . 1970 1.................................................
C h a r l o t t e , N . C . , M a r . 1 97 0 1 ..........................................................
C h a t t a n o o g a , T e n n . - G a . , S e p t. 1 9 6 9 ----------------------------------C h i c a g o , 111., A p r . 1969 1 - _____ ___ __ ______________________
C i n c i n n a t i , O h i o —K y . —I n d . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 -------------_-- -—------ —
C l e v e l a n d , O h i o , S e p t . 1 9 6 9 --------------------------------------------- -—
C o l u m b u s , O h i o , O c t . 1 9 6 9 --------------------------------------------------D a l l a s , T e x . , O c t . 1 9 6 9 _____ - __- ----------------------- — ------------D a v e n p o r t —R o c k I s l a n d —M o l i n e , I o w a ^ I l l . ,
O c t . 19 69 1_________________________________________- ___________
D a y t o n , O h i o , D e c . 1 9 6 9 ____ ___ _____ ____________ _— --------D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1 96 9 1__________________________________
D e s M o i n e s , I o w a , M a y 19 70 1_____________________________
D e t r o i t , M i c h . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 ______________ ______ ____ _________
F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , O c t . 1 9 6 9 -----------------------------------------------G r e e n B a y , W i s . , J u l y 1 9 6 9 -------------------------------------------------G r e e n v i l l e , S . C . , M a y 1 9 7 0 --------------------------------------------------H o u s t o n , T e x . , A p r . 1 9 7 0 -----------------------------------------------------I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d ., O c t . 1 9 6 9 -----------------------------------------------J a c k s o n , M i s s . , J a n . 1 9 7 0 ___________________________________
J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c . 1 9 6 9 --------------------------------------------K a n s a s C i t y , M o . - K a n s . , S e p t . 1 9 6 9 ---------------------------------L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N . H . , J u n e 19 70 1-------------L i t t l e R o c k —N o r t h L i t t l e R o c k , A r k . , J u l y 1 9 6 9 ----------- L o s A n g e l e s —L o n g B e a c h an d A n a h e i m —S a n ta A n a G a r d e n G r o v e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 ------------------------------------L o u i s v i l l e , K y . —I n d ., N o v . 19 69 1___________________________
L u b b o c k , T e x . , M a r . 1 9 7 0 1 _________________________________
M a n c h e s t e r , N . H . , J u l y 1 9 6 9 -----------------------------------------------M e m p h i s , T e n n . —A r k . , N o v . 19 69 1________________________
M i a m i , F l a . , N o v . 1 9 6 9 ______________________________________
M i d l a n d an d O d e s s a , T e x . , J a n . 1 9 7 0 1___________________
M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , M a y 19 70 1_______________________ - ______
M i n n e a p o l i s —St. P a u l , M i n n . , J a n . 1 9 7 0 1________________

B u lle tin n u m b e r
and p r i c e
1625-89,
1660-51,
1660-55,
1660-83,
1660-7 6,
1 6 6 0 - 1 1,
1660-84,
1660-5,
1660-57,
1660-34,
1660-16,
1660-29,
1660-53,
1660-8 1,
1660-6 8,
1660-61,
1660-9,
1625-82,
1660-49,
1660-22,
1660-27,
1660-23,

35 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
35 c e n t s
35c e n t s
50 c e n t s
35 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
25 c e n t s
45 c e n t s
45cents
25 c e n t s
35 c e n t s
35c e n t s
40c e n ts
30 c e n t s
65 c e n t s
35 c e n t s
40 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
35 c e n t s

1660-20,
16 60-3 7,
1660-41,
1660-73,
1660-58,
1660-18,
16 60-8 ,
1660-7 9,
1660-67,
1660-25,
16 60-3 9,
1660-35,
16 60-10,
1660-8 2,
1660-2,

35 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
40 c e n t s
35c e n t s
35c e n t s
30 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
35 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
35 c e n t s
35 c e n t s
30 c e n t s

1 6 60-6 4,
1660-28,
1660-50,
16 60-3 ,
1660-31,
1660-32,
1660-44,
1660-74,
16 60-4 6,

45 c e n t s
40 cen ts
35 c e n t s
30 c e n t s
40cents
30 c e n t s
35 c e n t s
50 c e n t s
50 c e n t s

Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented.




Area
M u sk e g o n —M u s k e g o n H e i g h t s , M i c h . , June 1970 1 ______
N e w a r k and J e r s e y C ity, N . J . , Jan. 1 9 7 0 1 ______________
New H av e n , C o n n ., Jan. 1 9 7 0 1 ___________________________
New O r l e a n s , L a . , Jan. 1970_____________________________
New Y o r k , N . Y . , A p r . 1969_______________________________
N o r f o l k —P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o r t N ew s—
H am pton, V a . , Jan. 1 9 7 0 1 ----------------------------------------------O k la h o m a C it y , O k l a . , J u ly 1969 1________________________
O m a h a , N e b r . —Iowa, Sept. 1969---------------------------------------P a t e r s o n —C lifto n —P a s s a i c , N .J ., M a y 1969-------------------P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . —N .J ., Nov. 1969 1 ______________________
P h o e n i x , A r i z . , M a r . 1970 1 ______________________________
P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , Jan. 1 9 7 0 1 ______________________________
P o r t l a n d , M a in e , Nov. 1969 1 _____________________________
P o r t l a n d , O r e g . —W a s h ., M a y 1970 1______________________
P r o v i d e n c e —P a w t u c k e t —W a r w i c k , R.I.—M a s s . ,
M a y 1970-----------------------------------------------------------------------------R a le ig h , N . C . , Aug. 1969__________________________________
R i c h m o n d , V a . , M a r . 1970 1 _______________________________
R o c h e s t e r , N .Y . ( o f f i c e o c c u p a t io n s on ly),
J u ly 1969----------------—----------------------------------------------------------R o c k f o r d , 111., M a y 1970 1________________________________
St. L o u i s , M o .—111., M a r . 1970____________________________
Salt Lake C ity, Utah, Nov. 1 9 6 9 * _______________________
San A n to n io , T e x . , M a y 1970--------------------------------------------San B e r n a r d i n o —R i v e r s i d e —O n t a r io , C a lif . ,
D e c . 1 9 6 9 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------San D ie g o , C a l i f . , Nov. 1 9 6 9 1 ____________________________
San F r a n c i s c o —O akla nd, C a l i f . , O ct. 196 9 1 ____________
San J o s e , C a l i f . . Sept. 1969 1 _____________________________
Savan nah, G a . , M a y 1970 1 _______________________________
S c r a n to n , P a . , J u ly 1969---------------------------------------------------Sea ttle —E v e r e t t , W a s h ., Jan. 1970______________________
S io u x F a l l s , S. D ak., Sept. 1969-----------------------------------------South Ben d,
Ind., M a r . 1970 1 ----------------------------------------------Sp okan e, W a s h ., June 1970 1 ______________________________
S y r a c u s e , N . Y . , J u ly 1969-------------------------------------------------T a m p a —St. P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . , Aug. 1969 *_______________
T o l e d o , O h io —M i c h . , F e b . 1970___________________________
T r e n t o n , N .J ., Sept. 1969--------------------------------------------------U t i c a ^ R o m e , N . Y ., J u ly 1969-------------------------------------------W a s h in g t o n , D .C .—M d.—V a . , Sept. 1 9 6 9 * ________________
W a t e r b u r y , C o n n ., M a r . 1970 1 ----------------------------------------W a t e r l o o , Iowa, Jan. 1970------------------------------------------------W ic h it a , K a n s . , A p r . 1970 1 --------------------------------------------W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , May 1970 1 ___________________________
Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1 9 7 0 1 -------------------------------------------------------Y o u n g s to w n —W a r r e n , O h io , Nov. 1 9 6 9 1 _________________

B u lle tin n u m b e r
and p r i c e
1660-85,
1660-47,
1660-40,
1660-42,
1625-88,

35c e n ts
50ce n ts
35ce n ts
30ce n ts
60 c e n ts

1660-59,
1660-17,
1660-12,
1625-87,
1660-48,
1660-70,
1660-60,
1660-26,
1660-77,

35ce n ts
35c e n ts
30c e n ts
35 c e n t s
60 ce n ts
35c e n ts
50c e n ts
35ce n ts
40 ce n ts

1660-72,
1660-6,
1660-65,

30 ce n ts
30c e n ts
40 ce n ts

1660-4,
1660-75,
1660-66,
1660-30,
1660-71,

30 c e n ts
35ce n ts
40 c e n ts
35 ce n ts
30c e n ts

1660-43,
1660-36,
1660-33,
1660-24,
1660-80,
1660-15,
1660-52,
1660-14,
1660-62,
1660-86,
1660-13,
1660-7,
1660-56,
1660-21,
1660-1,
1660-19,
1660-54,
1660-45,
1660-69,
1660-78,
1660-63,
1660-38,

30 ce n ts
35ce n ts
50 ce n ts
35c e n ts
35ce n ts
30c e n ts
30ce n ts
25 ce n ts
35 ce n ts
35 ce n ts
30ce n ts
35 ce n ts
30ce n ts
30 c e n ts
30c e n ts
50ce n ts
35ce n ts
30 ce n ts
35ce n ts
35ce n ts
35 ce n ts
35 ce n ts

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
W A S H IN G T O N , D .C .

20212

O F F I C I A L BUSINESS




POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
U. S. D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R

FIRST CLASS MAIL